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CGIAR 2030 research and innovation portfolio

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Research Themes

Climate adaptation and mitigation

Environmental health and biodiversity

Gender equality, youth and social inclusion

Nutrition, health and food security

Poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs

Recent Submissions

Innovation Portfolio Management for Agrifood Ecosystem Transformation in the Context of Agriculture 4.0: Lessons from Private Sector and a CGIAR Case Study
(Book Chapter, 2026-09-02) Schut, Marc; Colomer, Julien; Proud, Emma; Dror, Idd; Bonaiuti, Enrico; Kangethe, Edwin; Esquivias, Lorena; Barrett, Christopher B.; Adeyemi, I.; Kumpf, B.; Melaku, Dagmawi; Leeuwis, Cees
Identification of QTL for yield and yield related traits under reproductive stage drought in the genetic background of Samba Mahsuri rice variety
(Journal Item, 2025) Tripathi, Santosh Raj; Dhakal, Krishna Hari; Ghimire, Surya Kanta; Dixit, Salabh; Yadav, Ram Baran; Subedi, Sushil Raj
Drought is becoming serious limiting factors to rice production and yield stability in rainfed lowland areas. Rice varieties have been developed recently using this selection criterion. Marker assisted breeding is a fast track alternative approach for breeding drought tolerant rice. QTLs have been identified for grain yield under drought with large effects against drought susceptible varieties. Mapping populations developed from two parents (IRRI 119 and Samba Mahsuri) were used to study the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance related important traits. IRRI 119 was backcrossed to an F1 progeny to generate BC1F1 and was allowed to self until BC1F3 generation. Four hundred BC1F3 lines were used to generate genotypic data, while more advanced line BC1F3:4 and BC1F3:5 were used to generate phenotypic data. These 400 lines along with parents were planted in augumented design at DoAR Tarahara under rainfed lowland conditions during 2019 and 2020. Yield and yield related trait’s performance were studied under the reproductive stage drought stress and irrigated condition to understand the relationship among drought tolerance (DT) and yield potential (YP) in rice. Total of 1,14,000 SNPs derived from the 1k Rice Custom Amplicon (RiCA) SRR genotyping with call rate of 80% and minor allele frequuency (MAF) of >5% (24306 SNPs) were used to estimate the genetic relationship. The results showed that the level of genomic characterization that applied allows the prediction of yield traits evaluated in different production environments. These results represent the concrete illustration of the genomic selection for potential concerning complex traits in rice with high abiotic stress tolerance. Eleven genotypes produced higher grain yield and had higher stress tolerance index (0.60) under drought conditions. Overlapping QTL qDTY2.2 and qPL2 were found on chromosome-2 associated with grain yield and panicle length. Similar QTLs for 1000 grain weight in chromosome- 8, QTL for plant height in chromosome- 7, QTL for days to 50 % flowering in chromosome- 4, 5, 6, and 12. QTL for spikelet fertility percentage was found in chromosome- 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, chromosome- 10, 11, and 12 where QTL for straw yield was found in chromosome- 6 and 11. There was a tendency for unidirectional positive additive effects, as shown by the fact that 10% of detected QTL showed additive effects contributed by the recurrent parent and 90% by the donor parent. Among different reported QTLs for grain yield under drought, qDTY2.1 is the first and only reported QTL to have shown large effect against multiple genetic backgrounds as well as under highly diverse upland and lowland ecosystems. qDTY2.1 can be successfully introgressed to improve grain yield under drought of popular high yielding but drought susceptible lowland varieties following marker assisted backcross breeding.
An integrated evaluation framework for co produced socio-technical innovation bundles
(Journal Article, 2026-10-05) Goswami, Rupak; Mukhopadhyay, Prama; Chadha, Deepali; Puskur, Ranjitha
Evaluating socio-technical innovation bundles in participatory action research is challenging because emergent, adaptive and relational changes require multiple forms of evidence and iterative learning. We propose a three-layer framework integrating a stakeholder-owned Theory of Change, periodically revised through a deliberation–mapping–simulation cycle using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (cognitive), small-wins tracking with formal indicators (reflective) and Social Network Analysis (relational). Embedded in stakeholder learning cycles, its primary contribution is architectural rather than methodological, bringing distinct forms of evidence into structured dialogue to support complexity-informed evaluation, adaptive management and learning.
Livestock ownership and child nutrition: Empirical evidence from East Africa
(Journal Article, 2027-01) Melaku, Astewale Bimr; Debela, Bethelhem Legesse
Livestock keeping constitutes an integral component of smallholder livelihoods in developing countries, yet its linkages to child nutrition outcomes remain understudied. In this paper, we explore the relationship between ownership of different species of livestock and nutritional status of children using largescale cross-country household survey panel data from Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda, comprising over 19,000 child-year observations. We find that livestock ownership is positively associated with child height-for-age z-score (HAZ), with some variations across countries. Analyses of potential mechanisms reveal that the positive relationship between livestock ownership and child nutrition is channeled through increased household animal source food consumption, income, and food availability during food shortages. Further heterogeneity analyses show that the relationship varies widely across household income groups, agroecological and farming system classifications.
Superior haplotypes for transforming crop breeding
(Journal Article, 2026-10-23) Kumar, Nandigam Vinay; Bogati, Ajay; Singh, Uma Maheshwar; Rajesh, A. Prasanna; Srinivas, T.; Kohli, Ajay; Kalia, Sanjay; Kumar, Arvind; Sinha, Pallavi; Singh, Vikas Kumar
Climate change and the rapid rise in the global population are exerting immense pressure on limited natural and genetic resources. Meeting future food demands requires accelerated genetic gain under rapidly changing environmental conditions. Advances in genomics, supported by large-scale sequencing of diverse crop germplasm, have enabled the mapping of key genes and the development of climate-resilient varieties. However, the utility of these genes and their associated haplotypes is often limited, as they are specific to particular ecologies and populations, restricting their broader introgression into various breeding programmes. The concept of superior haplotypes can help us address these limitations by identifying the allelic combination that confers a desirable trait with stable, consistent and significant performance across diverse panels and environments. For instance, in rice, the GS3-H1 haplotype is associated with improved grain size and yield potential, while Sub1A-1 confers superior submergence tolerance compared to Sub1A-2. Similarly, in rapeseed, Hap1 of qOCA3 and qOCC6 is associated with higher oil content. Building on such examples, this review systematically catalogues superior haplotypes identified across major crops, highlights key research gaps, and outlines a roadmap for their deployment in genomic-assisted breeding to enhance crop productivity, adaptability, and resilience.