User Guide to the GBI Standard Operating Procedure for G+ Tools (G+SOP)

The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the G+ Tools is designed for breeding teams with an interest in improving their gender-responsiveness. The SOP is a guide to using the G+ Tools as an input to team decisions about the importance of gender differences to (i) identify and describe their priority customer segments, and (ii) evaluate which product traits to prioritize for breeding. The SOP lays out a stepwise procedure for a team to organize the available evidence on gender differences in customer segments, identify crucial gaps in the evidence that may need to be filled, interpret the evidence and use the results for team decision-making. The SOP can also be used to generate a standardized G+ Report with the templates provided, so that the team has a record of their decisions about the implications of the gender differences considered, and the supporting evidence. Key points for product preference profiling with a dimension.


ABSTRACT
The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the G+ Tools is designed for breeding teams with an interest in improving their gender-responsiveness. The SOP is a guide to using the G+ Tools as an input to team decisions about the importance of gender differences to (i) identify and describe their priority customer segments, and (ii) evaluate which product traits to prioritize for breeding. The SOP lays out a stepwise procedure for a team to organize the available evidence on gender differences in customer segments, identify crucial gaps in the evidence that may need to be filled, interpret the evidence and use the results for team decision-making. The SOP can also be used to generate a standardized G+ Report with the templates provided, so that the team has a record of their decisions about the implications of the gender differences considered, and the supporting evidence. 1 The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) For G+ Tools GENDER-RESPONSIVE SEGMENTING, TARGETING AND TRAIT PRIORITIZATION FOR BREEDING PROGRAMS

INTRODUCTION
Gender-responsive breeding ensures that the perceptions, interests, needs and priorities of women and men (which can differ because of their different roles and responsibilities in farming) will be considered in planning and decision-making for product advancement in a breeding cycle. For a definition of what makes breeding gender-responsive, see Box 1. Breeding programs that overlook women's preferences may develop products (such as crop varieties or animal breeds) that are rejected or that harm women by increasing gender inequality.

Box 1. What can a breeding program do to be gender responsive?
1) Know when, where, and why women are an important beneficiary group. Take into account important differences in constraints faced by women and men farmers that breeding can influence.
2) Anticipate how design decisions (e.g., defining the plant ideotype, prioritizing traits, targeting and testing varieties with farmers) may impact and be influenced by women's labor, resources and opportunities.
3) Design breeding objectives specifically to benefit women farmers when they are an important beneficiary group who require a special approach, and consider their needs, constraints and knowledge more generally in the breeding program. 4) Be accountable, making sure that the success of the breeding program is measured in ways that include positive impacts for women, as well as for households or farmers in general.
For breeding programs with an interest in gender-responsiveness, this standard operating procedure (SOP) provides a guide on how to use the G+ Tools (Box 2) in a standardized format during a breeding cycle to assess, and if need be, improve the gender responsiveness of their breeding products.
The G+ Tools were developed to help breeding teams, especially those in programs with welfare objectives, to systematically integrate gender equity into variety design and testing. Using the G+ Customer Profile will help to consider the different demands of women and men while deciding which customers to prioritize when developing a variety. The "customers" for a breeding program are those who produce goods using its products. A customer segment is a group of people who share a common set of constraints and a common demand for a variety. This does not mean that customers in a segment are identical in all respects: a customer segment can include men and women if they share the same preferences for a breeding product. For example, large-scale food manufacturers may have similar trait preferences, whether they are men or women. But because of gender inequity, women who are smallholders and small-scale, home-based processors typically operate with different constraints from men doing the same job, and so may require different qualities in the varieties they use for processing. Gender -responsive breeding does not mean a program has to breed specifically "for women." Gender-responsiveness means the program has made an evidence-based decision about the desirability of differentiating by gender, any of its customer segments and the breeding products designed for them. That is why one result of using the G+ Tool can be a rationale, supported by evidence, as to why there is no need for gender-differentiation in a program's breeding objectives, customer segments or breeding products. The G+ Tool helps breeding programs to make sure trait evaluation and prioritization is informed by gender analysis rather than being a "gender-blind" decision.
The G+ Tools were designed for use in product advancement by programs targeting customer segments principally composed of resource-poor smallholders. These men and women farmers often express different trait preferences that reflect the gendered division of rights and responsibilities in farming. Use of the G+ Product Profile will help to ensure that decisions about which traits to prioritize in future varieties have considered gender differences among customers that affect acceptability and adoption, including the potential for harmful outcomes.

G+ Customer Profile Tool
The G+ Customer Profile will help a breeding program include a gender dimension in the definition of its priority target customer segments. The tool uses a combination of gender, other socio-demographic variables and geographic information to segment, target, and profile customers with a gender dimension. Using this tool will help a breeding program to: • Clearly understand the gender dimension of different markets for its breeding products • Target well-defined customer segments in those markets, taking gender differences into account • Understand gender-differentiated demand of customers for breeding products • See the full User Guide to the G+ Customer Profile Tool (G+ PP) Link.

G+ Product Profile Query Tool
The G+ Product Profile will help a breeding program include a gender-responsive evaluation of plant traits into an existing or proposed product profile. The tool uses analysis of gender relations to interpret gender-differentiated, customer trait preferences and their implications for the acceptability of a trait. Using this tool will help a breeding program to: • Assess whether a trait has any positive or negative implications for gender equity • Assess whether a trait meets minimal "do no harm" standards taking gender differences into account • Assess positive benefits of a trait for different types of customer taking gender into account. Gender responsiveness in the G+ Tools refers to gender equity, rather than equality. Gender equality, meaning women and men should be treated in the same way, is not a suitable approach for breeding. Delivering the same variety in the same way to both men and women will not always produce equitable results. In contrast, a gender equity approach enables different breeding strategies to target men and women differently, if need be, to produce outcomes and impact that are equitable.
See the full User Guide to the G+ Product Profile Query Tool (G+ PP) Link

PURPOSE OF THE SOP
This SOP is a guide on how to use the G+ Tools (Box 1) in a standardized format during a breeding cycle to generate information about gender aspects of customers' varietal choice. The SOP is designed so that this information can be used by a plant or animal breeding team for analysis, discussion and decisions to assess and, if need be, improve the gender-responsiveness of their breeding.
The G+ Tools involve a stepwise process of analysis and decision-making. As a result of using the SOP with the G+ Tools, users will produce a G+ Report that summarizes their main conclusions and decisions along with supporting evidence tables. Like the G+ Tools, the G+ Report is designed in steps, to stimulate frequent discussion among breeders and social scientists as they make consensual judgements about the program's priorities.

INTENDED USERS OF THE SOP
The SOP is designed for use by a breeding team (the "team") that includes and actively involves social scientists in team decisions.
Application of the SOP should be co-managed by a social scientist (economist, sociologist, anthropologist, or social geographer) and a breeder, who are responsible for applying the tools, for synthesizing the analysis in the G+ Report provided by the SOP and for feeding this information progressively into team discussion and decision-making for product advancement.

HOW TO USE THE SOP
Use the SOP as a guide to use the G+ Tools to integrate gender-responsiveness into deciding which customers to target and which traits to prioritize in developing a variety.

Use of the SOP in a stage gate process
The SOP and G+ Tools are built around the principles of demand-led breeding (Box 3). The SOP and G+ Tools should be used as part of a target-driven approach to demand-led breeding using a development stage plan, with agreed decision points or "stage gates" for product advancement ( Figure 1).

Box 3. The target-driven approach to demand-led breeding
The target-driven approach to delivering new varieties to customers involves The SOP and the G+ Tools will generate an input to product advancement decisions. It is the team, not the tools, that make those decisions. Users cannot use the SOP to mechanically generate conclusions; those depend on the team's development goals, the importance of gender equity for those goals, and team's criteria for setting priorities. Using the SOP can help make users' choices, criteria and judgments related to gender equity explicit, informed and systematic, but the SOP is not a substitute for team decision-making.

The G+ Report
The SOP can be used to generate a G+ Report on the outcomes of using each G+ Tool. The G+ Report will supply a concise record of key decisions informed by gender analysis as a result of applying the G+ Tool, with a link to supporting data and analysis. The G+ Report is designed to facilitate communication of results by the social scientists and breeders who are co-managing application of the SOP and the G+ Tools.

THE SOP AND THE BREEDING CYCLE OR STAGE GATE PROCESS
A breeding cycle ( Figure 2) is a set of cyclical decisions that lead to a final outcome which is the breeding product (plant variety) adopted by the customers. Stages in the breeding cycle (the orange diamonds in Figure 2), are associated with seven gender-responsive decisions (yellow squares in Figure  2).
This SOP prioritizes the use of the G+ Customer Profile Tool in three decisions at the start of the breeding cycle ( Figure 2): • Who are the potential customers, differentiated by gender, for the program?
• Which gendered customer segments will the program target?
• What product or trait preferences of target customer segment(s) are important?
The other tool, the G+ Product Profile Query Tool, provides a procedure for working systematically through other decisions outlined in Figure 2: 1. What is the product profile that meets the needs of the gendered target group of customers? 2. Which traits are significant for reaching the gender-responsive product profile? 3. How should the program prioritize traits with a gender dimension? 4. Have trait packages considered the potential impact on gender equality for men and women in different customer segments?
6 Figure 2. Key gender-responsive decisions in the breeding cycle.

ORGANIZATION OF THE SOP FOR STEPWISE USE OF THE G+ TOOLS
Each section of the SOP covers one of the steps in Figure 3. Step 1: Product mapping Step 2: Customer mapping Step 3: Evidence table  Targeting Step 4: Defining target customers (decision matrix) Profiling Step 5: Identify product proferences Step 6: G+ Customer Profile

G+ Product Profile Query Tool Information
Step 1: Initial product profile proposal Step 2: Gender gaps in target segment Step 3: Gender trait preferences Analysis Step 4: Do No Harm analysis Step 5: Positive Benefits analysis Scoring Step 6: Score gender impact for a trait Step 7: G+ Product Profile with gender impact score • A detailed guide to building a product map is provided in the G+ Customer Profile Tool.
• Select the criteria (economic, social and spatial variables with sex-disaggregated data) that can be used for prioritizing the importance of a food product from a gender perspective: for example, number of growers by sex, volume of product by end use (e.g. different types of food products) for men and women, value of each food product by end use for men and women, projected trends in demand by end use.
• Understand how gender is measured in the data to be used for describing the general population and the population of growers. Differences in the way data is collected in different areas may mean that gender is defined in different ways in different geographic areas. Gender should refer to the sex of an individual. However, it may have been collected as the sex of the head of the farm household: head of household should only be used as a last resort, if sex of the individual is not available.
• Document and quantify gender differences in uses of the crop (include home consumption uses as well as marketed products).
• Document and quantify gender differences in value chain actors involved in each end use (e.g. food product) of the crop.
• For each end use of the crop, identify the geographic areas where the people using the crop are located and the number of male and female growers and value chain actors involved in this end use, in each area.
• Consider including novel or future food products that have potential for improving gender equity by reducing farm women's drudgery, increasing seasonal food availability or nutrition or income under women's control or their returns to labor or their penetration of new markets.

Select the potential food products that have a significant gender dimension
A key decision point has been reached which needs to be informed by the preceding gender analysis. The expectation in the SOP is that this decision will involve consultation between breeders and social scientists.

Suggestions for discussion:
1. Review the team's expected impact, expected outputs, and current breeding objectives for the crop in relation to the product map with a gender dimension: 2. What is the product (end use) of highest importance for the gender-responsiveness of the team's breeding objectives and why?
For each end use: 1. What is the economic importance of this end use to women compared with men (volume, value, trends)?

Key points for gender analysis for customer mapping with a gender dimension.
A detailed guide to customer mapping is provided in the G+ Customer Profile Tool.
• Consider roles in the commodity value chain: growers, traders and processors in the same value chain are customers who face the same consumer demand for certain features of a product.
• Analyze intersectionality: gender inequity can be made worse by other social differences, such as poverty, age, ethnicity, market distance or geographic marginalization. Gender differences can also be diluted by other, positive socio-economic conditions. It is vital for customer mapping to examine these interactions, termed intersectionality.
• Use the analysis of intersectionality to select the criteria (economic, social and spatial variables with sex-disaggregated data) that will be used for segmenting customers from a gender perspective: for example, poor men and women vs non-poor; women and men with good market access vs those having limited market access.
• Understand how gender is measured in the data you have available. Differences in the way data is collected in different areas may mean that gender is defined in different ways. Gender should refer to the sex of an individual. However, it may have been collected as the sex of the head of the farm household: head of household should only be used as a last resort, if sex of the individual is not available.

Record your conclusions drawn from the customer mapping
Complete the template form for customer mapping.

Select the potential customer segment(s)
A key decision point has been reached which needs to be informed by the preceding gender analysis. This decision will involve consultation between breeders and social scientists.

Report potential customer segments
The customer segments identified by the analysis will be entered into the evidence table in the next section. Summarize the rationale for the segmentation in writing in the relevant section of the G+ Report.

Step 3: Evidence table
Objective: identify the set of potential customer segments and the product(s) of interest that will be considered in the next step: targeting.

Key decision
Select and prioritize customer segments to be targeted for gender responsive breeding.

Suggestions for discussion:
• Review the final scores and rank order of customer segment scores in the decision matrix table.
• Agree on the team's desired approach to gender for each customer segment. See detailed instructions in the G+ Customer Profile Tool.
• Use voting in the team, or another agreed decision-making technique, to rank customer segments in order of the team's priority for gender-responsive breeding.
• Create a list of target customer segments: select the customer segments to be targeted and eliminate the others.
• Select a top priority customer segment. This should be the first target to be analyzed using the G+ Product Profile.

Report the rationale
For the decision in written form in the G+ Report.

Team buy-in
Is desirable for the selection and prioritization of target customer segments.

PROFILING
Step 5: Identify product preferences

Key question
What are the product preferences expressed by members of the priority target customer segment? Do these preferences differ between men and women, and why?

Key points for product preference profiling with a gender dimension.
A detailed guide to product profiling is provided in the G+ Customer Profile Tool. A target segment may already be identified as consisting mainly or entirely of women. Product profiling for the segment remains important as a check that this is a homogeneous customer segment with common preferences. If this turns out not to be the case, the segment will need to be subdivided and possibly re-evaluated as a target.
The focus of this product profiling is to clarify if there are distinct, gender-related differences in preferences. Men and women may value completely different characteristics of a food product, such as the time it takes to cook. This may translate into different preferences for a breeding product or variety, such as grain size, color or growth habit. The same characteristic may be valued differently by men and women. Not all plant or animal characteristics valued by customers will necessarily be identified with a known trait, for example in West Africa some food products are preferred if they stretch just so between the fingers, but there may be no cassava or yam genes for "stickiness." Product profiling should identify all the product characteristics with a gender dimension whether or not there is already knowledge about the traits.
Much preference data is unreliable, especially if it is anecdotal and out of date. For this reason, your data on preferences should be representative, valid and reliable. Do the locations where these data were collected correspond adequately to the geographic area or spatial domains you have defined as the location of your target segment? Are there any gaps in coverage that are likely to have introduced bias? What reasons do you have for confidence that these data are representative of men and women in the target segment? When were these data collected? Are there recent trends in this food product that might cause trait preferences to change? Were these data collected with reliable methods?
If there are sound reasons to doubt the validity of your available data on preferences, summarize these data issues and your recommendations for what needs to be done in the template form provided and bring the issues up for discussion of remedial data collection.
• The gendered customer profile should focus on descriptors that relate to key aspects of gender inequity that are known to affect this customer segment's varietal choice.

What obstacles to adoption by women, and what opportunities is a new variety likely to encounter?
The customer profile is a check on the accuracy of segmentation and targeting. Product profiling for the segment remains important as a check that this is a homogeneous customer segment with common preferences. If this turns out not to be the case, the segment will need to be subdivided and possibly re-evaluated as a target.
The G+ Customer Profile Tool has a detailed questionnaire you can complete in order to compile the information needed for a summary profile

Record the customer profiles
Complete the customer profile template: use the detailed questionnaire in the G+ Customer Profile Tool to compile the information needed.

Report conclusions
Flag any issues raised by customer profiling in written form in the G+ Report.

Team familiarity
Is desirable with the profile(s) of target customer segments and their product preferences.

G+ PRODUCT PROFILE QUERY TOOL
The G+ Product Profile Query Tool is intended for use by a breeding team using a product profile for variety design that specifies the traits required for product success (e.g. for a new variety) and sets a value for the level of performance desired for each trait. This tool provides a way to inspect and assign a value to the gender impact of traits as an input to trait prioritization.
To be gender-responsive, breeding programs should always perform the "do no harm" analysis provided by this tool in order to avoid inadvertently prioritizing a trait that has some negative implications for gender equity, or that is viewed as undesirable by women growers or indeed, by men and women. This check is necessary even if the end-result is to determine that a product will include no gender-sensitive trait.

Step 1: Compile a product profile proposal
Objective: identify the plant traits that require a gender impact assessment.

Key question
Which traits should be evaluated for gender impact?
Key points for determining the traits to evaluate for gender impact.
A guide to how to decide which traits to evaluate is provided in the G+ Product Profile Tool.
• The G+ Product Profile Tool should only be applied using a well-characterized target customer segment. 1 The target customer segment is a group of customers with similar constraints and product preferences that the breeding team has selected for genderresponsive breeding.
• The G+ Product Profile requires representative, sex-disaggregated information on customers' preferences for specific product attributes and associated traits. This product profile can be compiled during the profiling stage of the G+ Customer Profile or it must be otherwise obtained. The scoring must be based on preference data and social data that are representative of the target customer segment. Avoid judgements about women and men in general or notions about gender differences based on haphazard or on anecdotal information. List the traits to be evaluated for gender impact in the team's product profile proposal. An example is provided in the template form.

Is desirable for the decision of which traits to evaluate and which social categories to use for Gender Impact.
Step 2: Analyze gender gaps in a target customer segment Objectives: • Verify that the available evidence on gender gaps is representative of the target customer segment and adequate for the "do no harm" and "positive benefits" analysis with the G+ Product Profile Questionnaire for Do No Harm and Positive Benefit Analysis.
• Verify that gender researchers and breeders share and agree on standards for what constitutes satisfactory evidence.

Key question
Is the available evidence on gender adequate for assessing likely outcomes of plant traits for women compared with men?

Key points for assessing plant traits in the light of significant gender gaps
Review the gender gap questions in the G+ Product Profile Questionnaire for do no harm and positive benefits analysis.
Note: if you plan to use different social categories from "women" and "men" (e.g. "youth" or a disadvantaged group) then insert your category into one version of the Questionnaire for each category you plan to use.
For each trait under consideration in the product profile proposal, you will need appropriate data, representative of the target customer segment, to assemble a gender gap analysis based on these 4 questions: 1. Does the trait involve changes in unpaid farm labor use? 2. Does the trait involve changes in employment or other forms of income generation? 3. Does the trait require use of an input to which men and women in the target customer segment have different levels of access? 4. Does the trait involve changes in control over produce, by-products, sales, income or other direct benefits from the crop or animal in question?
For each question, you will need to be able to assess: • Is the change different for women or men in the target customer segment?
• What proportion of women in the target customer segment could this change affect? What proportion of men?
• What is the level or extent of this change for women or for men: is it positive or negative and is it insignificant or major?

Record your assessment of data available for the gender gap analysis
Record important evidence sources for each gender gap question in the column provided in G+ Product Profile Template #2. Use one template for each trait in the product profile proposal #4.
Note data quality issues in the column provided in G+ Product Profile Template #2. You will need to summarize these issues at the end of this step.

Key decision
The available evidence on gender gaps is (or is not) sufficiently reliable and conclusive to be used as a basis for the next step in the G+ Product Profile, the analysis of "do no harm" and "positive benefits." Decide how to address any need for additional data.

Report the assessment
of data quality, including any remedial action needed to secure adequate data, in the G+ Report. Write a narrative summary of your conclusions addressing the key question: Is the available evidence on gender adequate for assessing gender implications of the traits in the product profile proposal.
Step 3: analyze trait preferences in a target customer segment. Objectives: • Verify that the available evidence on gender-differentiated trait preferences is representative of the target customer segment and adequate for the "do no harm" and "positive benefits" analysis with the tool.
• Verify that gender researchers and breeders share and agree on standards for what constitutes satisfactory evidence.

Is the available evidence on gender-differentiated trait preferences adequate for assessing likely outcomes of plant traits for women compared with men?
Key points for trait preference profiling with a gender dimension.
A guide to the interpretation of trait preferences is provided in the G+ Product Profile Query Tool.
Review the trait preference questions in the G+ Product Profile questionnaire for "do no harm" and "positive benefits" analysis For each trait under consideration in the product profile proposal, you will need appropriate data, representative of the target customer segment, to make the following analysis: • Assess gender-differentiated trait preferences that have positive implications for the trait in question.
• Examine men's and women's preferences to identify agreement or conflict of opinion and whether men and women favor different trade-offs on a given trait.
• Assess gender-differentiated trait preferences that have negative implications for the trait in question.
The information needed for this analysis will be available from the G+ Customer Profile template form #5 target segment preferences, if it has been completed.

Record your assessment of the data available on genderdifferences in trait preferences.
Record important evidence sources for each trait preference question in the column provided in G+ Product Profile Template #2. Use one template for each trait in the product profile proposal #4.
Note data quality issues in the column provided in G+ Product Profile Template #2. You will need to summarize these issues at the end of this step.

Key decision
The available evidence on gender gaps is (or is not) sufficiently reliable and conclusive to be used as a basis for the analysis of "do no harm" and "positive benefits," the next step in the G+ Product Profile.
Decide how to address any need for additional data.

Report the assessment of data quality for trait preferences
Including any remedial action needed to secure adequate data, in writing in the G+ Report. Write a narrative summary of your conclusions addressing the key question: Is the available evidence on gender adequate for assessing gender implications of the traits in the product profile proposal?

Key question
Does the gender gap analysis or the analysis of trait preferences suggest a strong, genderdifferentiated preference for a trait that is not included in the product profile proposal but that might be decisive for acceptance of the new variety?

Record the proposed new trait
In a new row in the product proposal template, note the rationale for adding a trait to the G+ Product Profile in the space provided for narrative summary in the product profile proposal template.

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION
Step 4: Do no harm analysis Objective: complete the analysis of do no harm, using the scoring matrix to generate a value for a plant trait.
Step 4 can be repeated for each trait in the product profile proposal.

Reminder:
To be gender-responsive, breeding programs should always perform a "do no harm" analysis.
This will help to avoid releasing a variety that has some negative implications for gender equity, or that is viewed as undesirable by growers, men as well as women.
This check is necessary even if the end-result determines that a variety will include no gender-sensitive trait.

Will women be worse off because of this trait?
Key points for doing the "do no harm" analysis To complete the "do no harm" analysis you must use the full questionnaire provided in Annex 1 of the G+ Product Profile Tool. Applying the questions generates a set of values from -2 to +2 for a trait that can be analyzed using the Tool's Scoring Matrix, explained in detail in the G+ Product Profile Tool.

Part 1: Gender gap evaluation
Use the tool questionnaire to examine four criteria related to gender equity in agriculture that represent a standard for "do no harm", meaning that women should not be worse off in any one of these four aspects. Each criterion is related to a change that can occur to increase gender inequity when a new variety is introduced.
Question 3: Reduce or remove control of production inputs? Question 4: Reduce or remove control of products and by-products?

Part 2: Negative trait preferences
Use the tool questionnaire to assess gender-differentiated trait preferences that have negative implications for the trait in question. Examine men's and women's preferences to identify agreement or conflict of opinion and whether men and women favor different trade-offs on a given trait.
Question 5: Are there women's negative trait preferences? Question 6: Are there men's negative trait preferences.

Record the values for "do no harm" in the scoring matrix sheet
From answering questions 1-6 in the G+ Product Profile questionnaire for one trait, assigning either -2, -1 or 0.

Key decision
Does the "do no harm" analysis identify strong reasons to reject or avoid the trait in question?
Step 5: "positive benefits" analysis Objective: complete the analysis of positive benefits, using the scoring matrix sheet to generate values for a plant trait.
Step 5 can be repeated for each trait in the product profile proposal.

Key question
Will women be better-off because of this trait? Key points for doing the "positive benefits" analysis To complete the positive benefits analysis, you must use the full questionnaire provided in the G+ Product Profile Tool. Applying the questions generates a set of values from -2 to +2 for a trait that can be analyzed using the tool's scoring matrix, explained in detail in the G+ Product Profile Tool.

Part 1: Gender gap evaluation
Use the tool to examine three types of benefit that are critical for determining whether women producers will benefit from a breeding product. A benefit is defined as an advantage derived from use of a breeding product, including the satisfaction of practical needs (e.g. nutritious food) and strategic needs (e.g. market power).
Question 7: Reduce drudgery? Question 8: Create or increase employment for own income generation?
Question 9: Are women-controlled products or by-products increased or improved?

Part 2: Positive trait preferences
Use the tool questionnaire to assess gender-differentiated trait preferences that have positive implications. Examine men's and women's preferences to identify agreement or conflict of opinion and whether men and women favor different trade-offs on a given trait.
Question 10: Are there women's positive trait preferences?
Question 11: Are there men's positive trait preferences?
Question 12: Compare men's and women's ranking of a trait.

Record the values for positive benefits
In the Scoring Matrix sheet (Template #4) from answering questions 7 through 12 in the questionnaire: assigning values of either +2, +1 or 0.

Key decision
Does the positive benefits analysis identify strong reasons to continue to include the trait in the product profile proposal? Is further research needed to clarify this conclusion? Is desirable with the results and interpretation of the "do no harm" analysis and the "positive benefits" analysis and the final gender impact scores.
To this end, provide the team with a copy of the G+ Report and the product profile proposal with gender impact scores for discussion