AnGR Characterization

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/3842

Methods, Application, On-station performance, On-farm

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World livestock production systems
(Working Paper, 1996) Seré Rabé, Carlos; Steinfeld, H.
Why should we become involved in the state of the world of animal genetic resources process? A view from Asia
(Journal Article, 2001) Bhat, P.H.
Proceedings of the 1998 Interbull meeting, Rotorua, New Zealand, 18–19 January 1998
(Journal Article, 1998) Interbull Centre
Conservation of the Tswana cattle breed in Botswana
(Journal Article, 1996) Mpofu, N.
Small ruminant research and development in Africa: Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminant Research Network, AICC, Arusha, Tanzania, 7-11 December 1992
(Conference Proceedings, 1993) Lebbie, S.H.B.; Rey, B.; Irungu, E.K.
This volume contains papers and abstracts of the Second Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminant Network. In addition to the keynote address, there are nine papers on Small Ruminant Production Systems, Economics and Policy, nine papers on Small Ruminant Performance and Reproduction, ten papers on Small Ruminant Health and Reproductive Wastage, eight papers on Small Ruminant Feeds and Feeding Systems and eight papers on Small Ruminant Genetic Resources and Breeding. Ten poster abstracts covering the above topics add to the volume.
Performance of Malawi-Zebu Cattle on-station in Malawi
(Conference Paper, 1998) Namwaza, A.G.; Wollny, C.B.A.; Kamwanja, L.A.; Phoya, R.K.D.
The cattle population of Malawi comprises of about 800 000 animals of which Malawi Zebu type cattle is predominant. Malawi's livestock breeding policy has almost exclusively focused on the dissemination of breeding animals from Government farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Malawi Zebu cattle based on data from 1099 male calves and 523 female calves kept on four governmental breeding stations. Effects of station, sex, season of calving and year were significant in the model. Mean birth weights ranged from 15.4kg (SE 0.5) to 22.5kg (SE 0.2) in the four herds. Male calves tended to be heavier than female calves by 1.2kg body weight (18.9 vs. 17.7kg; P<0.01). Calves were weaned at an average age of 223 days (SD 30 days) on the four stations. Average weaning weight was 83.9kg (SE 1.1) for male calves and 90.2kg (SE 1.2) for female calves. Male calves were younger at weaning than females. The highest average live body weights at three years of age were observed on one of the stations with 229kg (SD 51kg) and 217kg (SD 27kg) for intact males and females, respectively. Calving interval between first and second parity averaged 15.6 months (SD 4.3) and 23.3 months (SD 0.7) on two stations, respectively. In conclusion the growth potential of the Malawi Zebu was not exploited. It is recommended to review the breeding policy and strategy with a view to establish an open nucleus breeding system enabling farmer participation and to introduce a suitable recording system.
Valuation of indigenous farm animal populations and breeds in comparison with imported exotic breeds with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa
(Book, 2000) Simianer, H.
Village N'Dama cattle production in West Africa: Six years of research in The Gambia
(Book, 1997) Agyemang, K.; Dwinger, R.H.; Little, D.A.; Rowlands, G.J.
Sustainable animal agriculture and crisis mitigation in livestock-dependent systems in southern Africa
(Conference Proceedings, 2001-03) Banda, J.W.; Chagunda, Mizeck G.G.; Kamwanja, L.A.; Phoya, R.K.D; Safalaoh, A.C.L.
These proceedings contain papers, abstracts and posters of the Regional Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture and Crisis Mitigation in Livestock-dependent Systems in Southern Africa that took place at Malawi Institute of Management (MIM) in Lilongwe, Malawi, from 30th October to 1st November 2000. A keynote paper opens each theme and is followed by scientific contributions, short communications, and abstracts. Posters are published as short communications and/or abstracts. These proceedings are organised as follows: Session 1 Livestock Management and Improvement (16 papers) Session 2 Policy Analysis, Socio-economics and Sustainable Integrated Animal Health (4 papers) Session 3 Crisis Mitigation in Livestock-dependent Systems - Held as a mini workshop within the conference (2 papers) Session 4 Product Enhancement and Human Resources Development (4 papers) Session 5 Short Communications (4 papers) Session 6 Abstracts (10 abstracts)
Village chicken production systems in Ethiopia: 2. Use patterns and performance valuation and chicken products and socio-economic functions of chicken
(Journal Article, 2003-01-20) Dessie, Tadelle; Tadesse, M.; Yami, A.; Peters, Kurt J.
Village chicken production systems in Ethiopia: 1. Flock characteristics and performance
(Journal Article, 2003-01-15) Dessie, Tadelle; Tadesse, M.; Yami, A.; Peters, Kurt J.
Village poultry production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia
(Journal Article, 2001) Dessie, Tadelle; Ogle, B.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA), supported by checklists and intensive case studies on individual households, was carried out in three villages at three different altitudes in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The chicken production system in each village is described and the problems are discussed. More than 60% of the families kept chickens, and in most cases the women owned and managed the birds and controlled the cash from the sales. The production systems followed were mainly low-input and small-scale, with 7-10 mature birds per household, reared in the back yards with inadequate housing, feeding and health care. The average egg production per clutch was 15-20, with 3-4 clutches per year. The mean number of eggs set per bird was 12.9 +/- 2.2 (n = 160), depending on the size of the bird and season, and the hatching rate was 80.9% +/- 11.1%, range 44%-100% (n = 160). Poultry meat and eggs were generally accepted and appreciated in all three villages. In addition to the small amount of cash income they provide, scavenging chickens have nutritional, cultural and social functions. The flock composition, price of poultry and poultry products, disease outbreaks and hatching of chicks were strongly affected by season. Disease was cited as the most important problem by most of the members of the community, followed by predation, lack of feed, poor housing, insufficient water and parasites. Disease periodically decimated the flocks, and consequently, about 50% of the eggs produced were incubated in order to replace the birds that had died. The major source of loss in the system was the high mortality of chicks (61%) that occurred between hatching and the end of brooding at 8 weeks of age. The system was characterized by no or few inputs and a low output level. The major input was the cost of foundation stock, but after that virtually no cost was involved. The major source of feed for the birds was from the scavenging feed resource base, which comprised table leftovers, small grain supplements and anything edible from the immediate environment.
Do smallholder farmers benefit more from crossbred (Somali × Anglo-Nubian) than from indigenous goats?
(Thesis, 2000) Ayalew, W.
Effect of milk yield-based selection on some reproductive traits of Holstein Friesian cows on large-scale dairy farms in Malawi
(Journal Article, 2004-07-15) Chagunda, Mizeck G.G.; Bruns, E.W.; Wollny, C.B.A.; King, H.M.
This paper describes a study aimed at evaluating the effect of selecting sires based on their breeding values for milk yield estimated in their countries of origin on reproductive performance of their daughters on large-scale dairy farms in Malawi. To do this an analysis was done using 2362 records of purebred Holstein Friesian cattle kept in Central and Southern Malawi from 1986 to 1996. Fixed effects of sire group, herd, year and season of calving were tested and random effects of dam and cow were included in the statistical model applied. (Co)variance components were estimated through the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. Mean number of services per conception (NSC) was 1.50, gestation interval (GI) was 277days, calving interval between first and second parity (CI1) was 416 days, calving interval between second and third parity two and three (CI2) was 408 days, and age at first calving (AFC) was 32.5 months. In general the majority of the reproductive traits were affected by the non-genetic factors of herd, year and season. Sire group, a proxy of the breeding strategy, had a significant effect on AFC (p<0.01) and CI2 (p<0.05). Factors that had significant effects (p<0.01) on most of the reproductive traits in the study were herd, year of insemination, year of calving, and season of insemination. Phenotypic correlation between NSC and AFC was 0.19, between NSC and GI was -0.05, while that between NSC and CI2 was 0.14. Heritability estimates for NSC, GI, CI1, and AFC were, 0.04, 0.10, 0.001, and 0.20, respectively. The high variation due to non-genetic factors and the low heritability estimates for the reproductive traits indicate that much improvement could be made through improved management, husbandry practices, and strategically utilizing environmental factors.
Evaluation of the growth potential of local chickens in Malawi
(Journal Article, 2005) Gondwe, T.N.P.; Wollny, C.B.A.
The growth potential of local chickens in Malawi was evaluated by comparing their growth performance under cage-fed and free-range management conditions. Chicks (n = 106) were collected from 39 farmers in 19 villages and individually raised in cages from an average age of 9 weeks to 20 weeks. Onfarm made growers mash (17 % CP) was fed and birds were treated against common diseases and parasites. Hatch mates (n = 141) of cage-raised chicks remained on farmer household flocks and were raised by their dam hens under scavenging conditions. These birds were raised in two batches between October and December 2002, and between January and March 2003, which were corresponding with hot-dry and warm-wet seasons, respectively. Sex of chickens, village, management and management x batch interaction significantly (p<0.05) influenced growth traits. The values for birds under cage-managed conditions were significantly (p<0.05) 27, 39, 42, 25 and 41% higher than for birds under scavenging conditions, for weight at 20 weeks, overall daily weight gains, specific growth rate and growth efficiency, respectively. Phenotypic variance for daily weight gains and specific growth rates were 17 and 21%, respectively lower for cage-fed than for free range birds. Correlation coefficients of growth traits measured between cage-fed and scavenging conditions were low (r = 0.21-0.53, p<0.05), indicating possible genotype by environment interaction. Gross margin over feed costs was MK26.00 per bird (SD, MK27.00). This was 35 % rate of return on feed costs (SD, 38 %) or 24 % rate of return on initial bird value plus feed cost (SD, =26). It is concluded that growth potential of local chickens is only partially exploited under scavenging conditions primarily due to feed constraints.
Current state of knowledge on characterisation of farm animal genetic resources in Ethiopia
(Conference Paper, 2004) Ayalew, W.; Getahun, E.; Tibbo, Markos; Mamo, Y.; Rege, J.E.O.
Generating benefits through sustainable use and conservation of farm-animal genetic resources in the SADC region
(Conference Paper, 2003) Hagmann, J.; Bester, J.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of local chicken ecotypes in Ethiopia
(Thesis, 2003) Dessie, Tadelle
Genetic characterization of indigenous goat populations of Ethiopia using Microsatellite DNA markers
(Thesis, 2004) Alemu, T.
Animal genetic resources and sustainable livelihoods
(Journal Article, 2003-07) Anderson, S.
Many of the world's poor depend directly upon genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity for their livelihoods. In many regions animal genetic resources (AnGR) are a vital component of this biodiversity. An estimated 1.96 billion people rely on livestock to supply part, or their entire daily needs. Complex, diverse and risk-prone peasant livelihood systems need AnGR that are capable of performing the functions required of them in these systems—AnGR that are flexible, resistant and diverse. In order to assess the importance of AnGR, as distinct from livestock per se, for sustaining and improving the livelihoods of the poor, the factors that differentiate between species and breeds in terms of the functions that animals fulfil in livelihoods and household economies need to be better understood. Central to this is the need to understand the functions of livestock as household assets, the full set of purposes the poor have in investing resources in livestock keeping, and the genetic traits that are important for the fulfilment of these purposes. If AnGR conservation is to make a contribution to improving the livelihoods of poor livestock keepers, the relative importance of AnGR from the livestock keepers’ perspective should be appraised. Then ways of maintaining and enhancing AnGR best suited to improving the livelihoods of the poor and ensuring equitable access to these resources can be addressed.

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