CGSpaceA Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs
    View Item 
    •   CGSpace Home
    • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
    • ILRI supervised theses and dissertations
    • View Item
       
    • CGSpace Home
    • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
    • ILRI supervised theses and dissertations
    • View Item
    JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Epidemiology and control of malaria in irrigated parts of Tana River County, Kenya

    Thumbnail
    
    Authors
    Muriuki, J.M.
    Date
    2014
    Language
    en
    Type
    Thesis
    Accessibility
    Open Access
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Share
    Citation
    Muriuki, J.M. 2014. Epidemiology and control of malaria in irrigated parts of Tana River County, Kenya. MSc thesis in Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi.
    Permanent link to cite or share this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/69119
    External link to download this item: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/90015
    Abstract/Description
    Irrigation schemes introduced in areas of high malaria endemicity often amplify malaria burden especially if no mitigation or adaptation measures are implemented. The development of Bura and Hola irrigation schemes (to enhance food security) in Tana River County, Kenya, might have escalated the baseline risk of the disease in the area. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the local communities in relation to malaria transmission and control; (ii) determine the prevalence of malaria and the associated risk factors; and (iii) develop and validate a deterministic model for analysing the effects of irrigation on malaria transmission. A cross sectional study was conducted in Bura irrigation scheme between November and December 2013. A total of 48 questionnaires were administered to the household heads to collect information on KAP and potential risk factors of malaria. Concurrently, 160 people (maximum of five people randomly selected from each of the 48 households) were screened for malaria parasites using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). A dynamical model made up of mosquito population module and disease transmission module was developed and validated using field data on the amount of water per unit area of irrigated land, rainfall and temperature and then fitted to the observed malaria prevalence data. The Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) was then estimated. The community in Bura irrigation scheme demonstrated good knowledge on causes, symptoms, transmission and control of malaria. Almost all (98%) of the interviewed households owned at least one bed net, and 93% of them had their nets treated with an insecticide. The average number of nets per household was three (one net for every two people) with 98% of the household members reporting having used the net the night before the interview. Sources of the mosquito nets included government health facilities (69%), government campaign (19%), NGOs (19%) and the rest, through purchasing. Only 12% of the households practiced environmental management to control malaria transmission. Treatment of clinical cases was based on Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) which is freely available in the government health facilities. The prevalence of malaria at the community level was 5% while a review of clinical records indicated a decline in the prevalence. Households located ≤5kms from the nearest health facility had a lower risk of malaria infection (OR=0.104, p-value=0.0128) than those located >5kms. Household size was also associated with malaria infection (OR=1.685, P-value=0.0226). The model reproduced the observed prevalence data with a variance of 0.0002. The estimated EIR was five infectious bites per person per year. This study showed that the high usage of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and Artemetherlumefantrine (AL) could have led to a decrease in malaria prevalence in irrigated parts of Tana River County despite the intensification of irrigated agriculture. This means that a larger population in this area is becoming susceptible to malaria infection suggesting the possibility of an epidemic if the current interventions are not sustained. Awareness should be created on the importance of integrated management of malaria. The developed model could be used to predict the prevalence of malaria in this area enabling decision makers to implement appropriate control measures in a timely manner. Data from non-irrigated areas and covering a longer period of time should be collected for more rigorous model validation and simulation of the effectiveness of various interventions.
    CGIAR Affiliations
    Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
    AGROVOC Keywords
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    Subjects
    DISEASE CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
    Countries
    KENYA
    Regions
    AFRICA; EAST AFRICA
    Collections
    • ILRI supervised theses and dissertations [614]
    • Dynamic drivers of disease in Africa [66]

    AboutSend Feedback
     

    My Account

    LoginRegister

    Browse

    All of CGSpaceCommunities & CollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesBy AGROVOC keywordBy ILRI subjectBy CPWF subjectBy CCAFS subjectBy CIFOR subjectBy IWMI subjectBy RegionBy CountryBy SubregionBy CRP subjectBy River basinBy Output typeBy CTA subjectBy WLE subjectBy Bioversity subjectBy CIAT subjectBy CIP subjectBy animal breedBy CGIAR System subjectThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesBy AGROVOC keywordBy ILRI subjectBy CPWF subjectBy CCAFS subjectBy CIFOR subjectBy IWMI subjectBy RegionBy CountryBy SubregionBy CRP subjectBy River basinBy Output typeBy CTA subjectBy WLE subjectBy Bioversity subjectBy CIAT subjectBy CIP subjectBy animal breedBy CGIAR System subject

    Statistics

    Most Popular ItemsStatistics by CountryMost Popular Authors

    AboutSend Feedback