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    The consequences of human actions on risks for infectious diseases: A review

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    Authors
    Lindahl, Johanna F.
    Grace, Delia
    Date
    2015-11
    Language
    en
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review status
    Peer Review
    Accessibility
    Open Access
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Lindahl, J.F. and Grace, D. 2015. The consequences of human actions on risks for infectious diseases: A review. Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 5: 30048.
    Permanent link to cite or share this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/69124
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3402/iee.v5.30048
    Abstract/Description
    The human population is growing, requiring more space for food production, and needing more animals to feed it. Emerging infectious diseases are increasing, causing losses in both human and animal lives, as well as large costs to society. Many factors are contributing to disease emergence, including climate change, globalization and urbanization, and most of these factors are to some extent caused by humans. Pathogens may be more or less prone to emergence in themselves, and rapidly mutating viruses are more common among the emerging pathogens. The climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases are likely to be emerging due to climate changes and environmental changes, such as increased irrigation. This review lists the factors within pathogens that make them prone to emergence, and the modes of transmission that are affected. The anthropogenic changes contributing to disease emergence are described, as well as how they directly and indirectly cause either increased numbers of susceptible or exposed individuals, or cause increased infectivity. Many actions may have multiple direct or indirect effects, and it may be difficult to assess what the consequences may be. In addition, most anthropogenic drivers are related to desired activities, such as logging, irrigation, trade, and travelling, which the society is requiring. It is important to research more about the indirect and direct effects of the different actions to understand both the benefits and the risks.
    CGIAR Affiliations
    Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
    Subjects
    AGRI-HEALTH; EMERGING DISEASES; FOOD SAFETY; FOOD SECURITY; ZOONOTIC DISEASES;
    Collections
    • CRP A4NH outputs [504]
    • ILRI Food Safety and Zoonoses program outputs [750]
    • ILRI articles in journals [5077]

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