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    Evaluation of a topical formulation of eprinomectin against Anopheles arabiensis when administered to Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) under field conditions

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    Authors
    Lozano-Fuentes, Saul
    Kading, R.C.
    Hartman, D.A.
    Okoth, Edward A.
    Githaka, Naftaly W.
    Nene, Vishvanath
    Poche, R.M.
    Date
    2016-06
    Language
    en
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review status
    Peer Review
    Accessibility
    Open Access
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    Citation
    Lozano-Fuentes, S., Kading, R.C., Hartman, D.A., Okoth, E., Githaka, N., Nene, V. and Poche, R.M. 2016. Evaluation of a topical formulation of eprinomectin against Anopheles arabiensis when administered to Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) under field conditions. Malaria Journal 15:324-333.
    Permanent link to cite or share this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/80667
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1361-z
    Abstract/Description
    Background Although vector control strategies, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have been effective in Kenya the transmission of malaria continues to afflict western Kenya. This residual transmission is driven in part by Anopheles arabiensis, known for its opportunistic blood feeding behaviour and propensity to feed outdoors. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the drug eprinomectin at reducing malaria vector density when applied to cattle (Bos indicus), the primary source of blood for An. arabiensis, under field conditions. Methods A pilot study was carried out in the Samia District of western Kenya from September to October of 2014. Treatment and control areas were randomly designated and comprised of 50 homes per study area. Before cattle treatments, baseline mosquito counts were performed after pyrethrum spray. Cows in the treatment area were administered topical applications of eprinomectin at 0.5 mg/kg once a week for two consecutive weeks. Mosquito collections were performed once each week for two weeks following the eprinomectin treatments. Mosquitoes were first identified morphologically and with molecular confirmation, then screened for sporozoite presence and host blood using PCR-based methods. Results The indoor resting density of An. arabiensis was significantly reduced by 38 % in the treatment area compared to the control area at one-week post-treatment (Control mean females per hut = 1.33 95 % CI [1.08, 1.64]; Treatment = 0.79 [0.56, 1.07]). An increase in the indoor resting density of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles funestus s.s. was observed in the treatment area in the absence of An. arabiensis. At two weeks post-treatment, the total number of mosquitoes for any species per hut was not significantly different between the treatment and control areas. No change was observed in An. arabiensis host preference as a result of treatment. Conclusions Systemic drugs may be an important tool by which to supplement existing vector control interventions by significantly impacting outdoor malaria transmission driven by An. arabiensis through the treatment of cattle.
    CGIAR Author ORCID iDs
    saul lozano-fuenteshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-6853
    AGROVOC Keywords
    ANIMAL HEALTH; ANOPHELES ARABIENSIS; CATTLE; EVALUATION; INSECTICIDES; MALARIA; PARASITES; VECTORS; ZEBU; ANIMAL DISEASES
    Subjects
    ANIMAL DISEASES; ANIMAL HEALTH; CATTLE;
    Investors/sponsors
    Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
    Collections
    • ILRI BecA articles [142]
    • ILRI vaccine biosciences program outputs [99]
    • ILRI articles in journals [4825]

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