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G???. .. ........... ............ ,,?.F??.. ... . . . . . . . . ........ ..... ............ !?. .. for S l W Y ON IRRIGATION MAM- FOR DIVERSIFIED CROPS (TA No. 859 PHI) The International Irrigation Manaeement Institute Digam Vi l ! l age via Kandy, Sri Lanka March, 1988 ACD ADB ARIP BARIS BP#2 cw CY DA DSIMP FRSRD IA I IMI IRRI LVRIS MCIS rn NIA PAC €cm PIE PI0 RIARS Rws SAC SAE SMCIS SOA TA TAsMoaIS UrRIS UPLB UPRIIS u9M AEBREVIATIONS AND AcaoNyMs - Agricultural Coordinating Division - Asian Developent Bank - Allah River ]Irrigation F’roject - Bangs River l’rrigation System - %nga River I[rrigation System Pump No. 2 - Central Luzon State University - Crop Year - Department of’ Agriculture - - - Irrigators &w~ciation - Internationa.1 Irrigation Management Institute - International Rice Research Institute - hag-Vintar River Irrigation System - Mani Comuna;l Irrigation System - Mariano Marcos State University - National Irrigation Administration - Pampanca Agri.cultura1 College - Philippine CXmmil for Agriculture, Forestry arid - Provincial 11-rigation Engineer - Provincial Irrigation Office - - Relative Water Supply - Study Advisory hittee - San Agustin Iktension - Sta. Monica Commaal Irrigation System - State of the Art - Technical Asrristance - - - - - University of‘ Southern Mindanao Dry Season Irrigation Menagement F’roject Farm Resources and Systems Research Department Natural Resources Research and Development Regional Integrated Agricultural Research Station Tarlac San Mjguel O’Donnel River Irrigation System Upper Talavera River Irrigation System University of’ the Philippines at Los W o s Upper F’ampanga River Integrated Irrigation Systems TABLE OF (X"ENTS Executive Summary Introduction Sunnnary of Review Mission Status of the Component Studies and Expected Output f'or the Interim Report Schedule of Activities for the Next 12 Months Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. The ADB-NIA-IIMI Review Mission UPRIIS and CZSU LVRIS and ARIP and BARIS Chapter 3 . Study Status 8 Expected Output for the Interim Reporting Stage Methodology for Identifying parts of irrigation system suitable to diversified crops upland soil condition ' Land conversion from puddled soil to Irrigation management practices at the farm level Irrigation management practicDs at the m e economic component study system level Chapter 4 . Schedule of Activities for the next 12 months TABLES Table 1. F'rogramneed Area(PA), Irrigated Area(IA), Irrigation Diversion Requirement (IDR), Rainfall(RF), Pan &ilporation(EV), Actual Irrigation Flow(AIF1, Relative Water Supply (RWS) and Water Use Efficiency(WVE), June to December 1987, Banga River Irrigation System, Whole System. Table 2 . Programed Area(PA), Irrigated Area(fA), Irrigation Diversion Requirement(IDR), RainfallW), Pan Evinporation(EV), Actual Irrigation Flow(AIF), Relative Water Supply (RWS) aand Water Use Efficiency(WVE), Allah River Irrigation System, Whole System, Wet Season, 1987. i i i iii iv 1 3 3 5 7 12 12 12 13 14 21 24a 25 26 c c I 0 'C Table 3 . h g d Area(PA), Irrigated Area(IA), Irrigation Diversion lkquirement(IDR), Rainfall(RF), Pan Evaporation(EV), Actual Irrigation Flow(AIF), Relative Water Supply (RWS) and Water U s e Efficiency(WUE), Laoag- Vintar Irrigation System, Whole System, Wet Season, 1987. Table 4. Frequency of occurrenctw of different range of daily rainfall, h m g city, Philippines, 1975 to 1986 as compared to 1987. Table 5. Frequency of occurrenoes of different ranges of daily rainfall by imnth, Laoag city, Philippines, 1975 to 1986 as compared to 1987. Table 6. hgramned Area(PA), Irrigated Area(IA), Irrigation Diversion Requirement(IDR), &nfall(RF) , Pan Evaporation(EV), Aotual Irrigation Flow(AIF), Relativetwater Supply (RWS) aand Water Use Efficiency(WUE), Bow Puop No. 2, Whole System, Wet Season, 1987. I Table 7. h g d Area(PA), Irrigated Arep(IA), Irrigation Diversion Requirement(iDR), Rainfall(RF) , F'an Evaporation(EV) , Actual Irrigation Flow(AIF), Relative Water Supply (RWS) aand Water Use Efficiency(WUB), Upper Talavera River Irrigation System, Whole System, Wet Season, 1987. Table 8. Frequency of different ranges of daily rainfall occurrences by year, San Jose city, Philippines, 1974 to 1986 as compared to 1987. Table 9. Frequency of different ranges of daily rainfall occurences, by month, San Jose City, Philippines, 1974 to 1986 as compared to 1987. Table 10. P r o g d -(PA), Irrigated Area(1A) Irrigation Diversion Requirement(IDR), Rainfall(RF) , Pan Evaporation(EV) , Actual Irrigation Flow(AIF), Relative Water Supply (RWS) aand Water Use Efficiency(WUE), San Agustin Extension Area, Whole System, Wet Season, 1987. page 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Table 11. Land Utilization at Study Sites for Crop Year 1986-88. Table 12. Land utilization.at Laoag-Vintar RIS Cropping Years, 19815-88. Table 13. Land utilization at Bonga Fump C2, Cropping Years, 19813-88. Table 14. Land utilization at Upper Talavera River Irrigation S3?3tem, Cropping Years, 1986-88. Table 15. Land Utilization at Tarlac-San Miguel-O’Donnel RIS (TASMORIS), Cropping Years 1986-88. Table 16. Land Utilization at Allah River Irrigation Project (ARIPI, Cropping Years 1986-88. Table 17. land Utilization at Banga River Irrigation System (]%IRIS), Cropping Years 1986-88. FIOURES Figure 1. Location of study s:ites for TA 859 PHI in the Philippines Figure 2. Map of Lateral A-Extra, Allah River Irrigation System, (ARIP) in Allah Valley South Cotaba’to, and corn planted areas for dry seas011 1987-88. Figure 3. Map of the Banga River Irrigation System (BARIS) in Allah Valley, South Cotabato and cropped areas for dry season 1987-88. Figure 4. Map of the Laoag-Vintar River Irrigation System (LVRIS) in Ilocos Norte and cropped areas for dry season 1987-88. Figure 5. Map of the Bonga PLnnp No. 2(BP#2) in Ilocos Norte and cropped areas for dry season 1987-88. Figure 6 . Map of the Upper Talavera River Irrigation System (Wl’RIS) in Nueva Ecija and cropped areas for dry season 1987-88. EMS. 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ANNMES Annex 1. General Terms of Reference of TA 859 PHI-Study on Irrigation Management for Diversified Crops. Annex 2. Program of Collaboration Relating to the Problems of Irrigation Management for Rice-based Fanning Systems. Annex 3. List of Participants and Schedule of the IIMI-ADB-NIA Review Mission on TA 859 PHI (February 16-20, 1988) Introduction The International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI) in collaboration with the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) implemented the “Study on Irrigation Management for Diversified Crops.” assistance grant (TA No. 859 PHI) to the Government of the Philippines, largely funded by the Asian Developnent Bank (ADB). being undertaken in collaboration with state universities located within the study sites. This study is a technical Some of the component studies are The overall objective of the study is to determine irrigation practices most likely to enhance the cultivation of selected non-rice crops in limited parts of irrigation systems during the dry season, and field test the most promising of these practices. The study which started in February 1987 covers 29 months. The First Progress Report was submitted tc ADB and NIA in September 1987. Among the selected sites, the Man1 River Colrmunal Irrigation System (MCIS) was excluded due to the physical rehabilitation of the system. Thus, only six of the original seven sites are now being studied. This Second Progress Report is an update of the on-going activities in the study. A swmnary of the recently concluded review mission (16-20 February 1988) by the representatives of ADB, NIA and IIMI is presented. The current status of the component studies as well as the expected output to be presented in the Interim Report are also included. The schedule of activities of thle stdv for the next 12 months is likewise presented. Slnmary of the Review Mission The review mission is part of the monitoring procedure intended to assess the progress of the study. the mission team. opportunity for making mid-term adjustments in the study in case serious shortfalls are evident based on the findings of the review mission. Representatives from ADB, NIA and IIMI comprised The review mission also provides the project staff the The first rEay of the review mission was spent visiting the Upper Talavera River Irrigation System (UTRIS) and discussing with both the NIA staff and the research staff of the Central Luzon State University (CLSU) involved in the study. Three component studies are being undertaken by CLSU, namely: the land conversion from puddled rice soil to upland soil conditions, irrigation of onion, and the economic aspect of diversified cropping at UTR[S. The irrigation management study at the system level is directly managed by IIMI through its research assistant at WI’RIS. by the mission group. about his perceptions on growim! irrigated onion in the dry season. Three sample onion farms were visited A farmer cooperator was also informally interviewed i c c c 1 C 0 c 1 C I? C n c c n C c L c At the Mariano Marcos State University (W), a briefing was held with the MMSU, NIA and IIMI staff on the second day of the review mission. The highlights of the study activities at Law-Vintar River Irrigation System (LVRIS) and the Bonga River Pump No. 2 Irrigation System (BPlt2) were discussed. The research staff of M%SU is undertaking component studies on the methodology for identifying parts of the irrigation system suitable for diversified crops, irrigation of garlic and wheat and the economic aspects of irrigated diversified cropping at LVRIS and BP#2. m e m e n t study is being undertaken by IIMI. irrigation study for garlic was visited. cooperating f a m r were also held. considered attractive by the farmers. were a reduction in the area planted and the absence of imported Taiwan garlic in the market. The system level irrigation Two sample sites in the Informal discussions with the The current farm gate price of garlic was The reasons given for the high price A brief stop was also made to see the wheat crop field being monitored for irrigation water use. The third day was mostly spent traveling from Laoag City to Manila t o cebu and then to Gen. Santos City. On the fourth day, the visit to the Allah River Irrigation Project (ARIP) camenzed with a briefing at the ARIP Office in Surallah, South Cotabato. The NIA-ARIP, University of Southern Mindanao (UsM), Department of Agriculture (DA) and IIMI staff presented the various study activities at ARIP. lateral A-extra are being jointly undertaken by the staff of NIA, IIMI and DA. This activity is intended mainly to test 4 demonstrate the effectivity of furrow irrigation of hybrid corn, The demonstration effort is necessary since farmers at ARIP prefer to grow irrigated ripe rather than irrigated corn. The usual practice at ARIP is to grow rainfed corn when irrigation is not available in the d r y season. The economic aspects of diversified crops at ARIP are being evaluated by the research staff of USM. system level component study is king implemented by IIMI. The activities at the testing and demonstration farm at The irrigation management at the A visit was made to the two field sites testing the furrow irrigation of hybrid corn. Farmer cooperators were available for discussions. The farmers were generally responsive when a!3ked questions. with the tested method of irrigation. stand of corn during the visit. They indicated satisfaction High yields were being predicted for the A visit w a s also made to the m a River Irrigation System (BARIS). A briefing about, the activities of NIA, IIMI and USM was held at the system office. The issue of a third crop was also discussed. Around 250 ha of hybrid corn will be planted as a third crop in a section of BARIS. possible at BARIS since the rainfall pattern in this area is bimodal with no distinct dry season. This is A brief stop was made at, the only testing site in M I S . irrigation of hybrid corn w a s al!3o being tested in this site. the farmer cooperator were also held. Furrow Discussions with ii c c 0 c c 0 c 0 c I! n 0 1 c c 1 D C c The wrap-up session was the final activity of this visit. During the discussions, overly optimistic e:Kpectations from IIMI were expressed by the NIA-ARIP officer in charge. However, these expectations were later clarified. The role of IIMI or the results (of the studies being conducted at ARIP were further explained, so t,hat pi,ojes>t staff would not have unrealistic expectations about the project. As a reminder to IIMI, the ADB representative said that the irrigation management guidelines should be presented in the interim reporting stage of the study. This will not only cover ARIP and BARIS but a more general application for gravity systems with potential for irrigating diversified crops in the dry season. and tested in the last dry season of the study. review mission was adjourned. These guidelines then w.ill be reviewed during the forthcoming workshop With these discussions, the Status of the Component Studies iud Expected Output for the Interim Report Most of the component studic?s are presently in the data collection stage, particularly for the 1987-88 dry season cropping period. The studies on the methodology for identifying parts of a system suitable for diversified crops and for determining the primary Ikators and interaction that condition the farmer to prepare land from pudd1.d paddy soil to upland soil conditions are in the analyses and evaluation stages. being gathered for this current dry season. descriptions for their use will 1x mede available in the Interim Report for the methodology study. likewise be presented in the Interim Report. However, there are still a few data items Thematic maps and appropriate A completed report on the land conversion study will The irrigation management practices at both the farm and system levels are still in the data collection s-:e in the current dry season. gui.delines fo r the irrigation management practices for onion, garlic, and corn will be presented in the interim report. irrigation management will also kre presented in the interim reporting stage. These guidelines will be reviewed and improved in the forthcoming workshop slated for October 1988. These guidelines will then be tested in the last dry season of this study. However, At the systems level, guidelines on In the economic aspects of diversified cropping, only the land utilization survey together with land preparrition e.xpenditures were gathered for this current dry season in all sit,es. The farm survey on the yield, gross income and other farm expenditures will be undertaken after harvest. and evaluation will subsequently be done. This evaluation will involve cost and returns analysis for two dry seasons in five system sites and three dry seasons in one system site. This analysis will firm up earlier findings and also confirm the farmers’ perception on the constraints as well as the incentives for growing irrigated non-rice c ~ o p s . Analysis of data These findings are expected to lead to the identification on a preliminary basis in the Interim Report of project,s which will facilitate adoption o f diversified cropping in rire-bsed irrigatcd arqas . can be categorized into research mid devdopnent., support. facilities for These proposed pro,ic.ct,s i i i c 0 c c c P 1 0 C c c c 0 c c n c D n production and post-production activities, policy studies and redesign/ rehabilitation of irrigation systems to meet specific requirements of non-rice crops. Schedule of Activities in the N e x t 12 Months The significant events scheduled in the study are the training of watermasters at ARIP and BARIS (Phy 19881, submission of the Interim Report (August 1988), the second meeting of the Study Advlsory Comnittee (September 1988), and the workshop (October 1988). The Workshop will discuss the results of studies conducted during the previous two dry seasons, review results from relevant studies by other institutions and provide a forum for reviewing the draft guidelines and planning the field testing of these guidelines for the next dry season of the st&. The next dry season starts in November 1988. i v Stud.. on Irrigation Management for Diversified Crops?_/ I. Introduction 1 . 1 The International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI) in collaboration with the National Irrigation Administration (NIA), the consortium of state colleges and universities (SCUs) as coordinated by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) and also the Department of Agriculture (DA) has implemented the "Study on Irrigation Management for Diversified Crops". This is a technical assistance grant (TA N o . 859 F'HI) to the Government of the Philippines (GOP) primarily funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The main objective of this study is to determine irrigation practices most likely to enhance the cultivation of selected non-rice crops in limited parts of irrigation systems during the dry season, and to field test the most prmising of these practices. 1.2 The associateb objectives are: 1) to develop methodologies or criteria for identifying parts of irrigation systems most suitable for selected diversified crops; 2 ) to compare the profitability and performance of selected diversified crops under irrjgated conditions; 3) to identify the primary factors and their interaction which condition how farnlers prepare their land for irrigated rice in the wet season and for one or more irrigated diversified crops in the dry season: 4 ) to develop on-farm irrigation methods for at least one upland crop; 5 ) to design and field test operating procedures for publicly managed portions of irrigation systems; and 6 ) to reconmiend policies most likely to support profitable farming practices and investments in irrigation development for diversified crops, and to suggest guidelines for irrigation management practices. The terms of refrrence for this study follow closely these objectives and can be found in Annex 1. 1.3 This study was started in February 1987. A First, Progress Report w a s suhnitted to ADB and N I A and presented to the St4y Advisory Cownittee (SAC) in September 1987. 1.4 and results from the 1986-87 dry season. The report also contained the implementation arrangements, detailed descript,ion of the selected study sites and the plans and schedule of activities for the succeeding months. The study sites are located in the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Ilocos Norte, Tarlac and South Cotahto (Fig. 1 ) . Two of the study sites were recommended for exclusion after t,he 1986-87 dry season. However, only the Mani River Communal Irrigation System (MCIS) was finally dropped. This was due to the physical rehabilitation that the system was undergoing. The other site, the Tarlac-San Miguel- O'Donnell River Irrigation System (TASKIRIS), was retained despite the termination of the Dry Season Irrigation Management Project (DSIMP) of NIA in this site. agro-economic survey component. of this study at this site was continued for the 1987-88 dry season. The site was retai.ned to have a The First Progress Report presented the study background The lJ Second Progress Report for TA N o . 859 PHI suhittd to the Asian Developent Bank by the Int~rnational Trrigation Management Institute. 2 continuit?. of data base for di\ersified cmps at TASE1oRIS and to obtalrl saw? indications of the impact of DSnVlP, if any, in the 1987-88 dry season. 1.5 This Second F'rogress Report will primarily present the sumnary of the findings of the study review mission composed of representatives from ADB, N U and IIMI. It will also include the current status of the project, expected results to be presented for the interim report (August 1988) and the schedule of activities for the next 12 months. 11. The ADB-NIA-IIMI Review Mission ( 16-20 Februnry 1988) 2-1 mission I.FIE, conducted as part of the monitoring procedure to assess the progress of the project. It also provided the mission the opportunity to review the study through field visits and discussions with the NIA, SCU and IIMI field staff and also fanners involved in the various component studies. The participants and the srhedule of the review mission can be found in Annex 2. The review 2-2 Luzon State University (Cg3U).,~ 16 February: Visit to Up= r W n a Integrated Irrigation System (UEBIIS) and Central 2-2.1 A courtesy call at the Office of the Operations Manager ( m r . Wilfred0 Tiangco) at NIA-UPRIIS, Cabanatuan Cit,y was made around 9 AM. Dr. Leonnrdo Lucero of the Institutional Developierit Division also met with the mission members. The purpose of the mission, i.ncluding the relevant aspects of the IIMI-IRRI project, was explained2L. Engr. Tiangco and D r . Lucero accompanied the mission tern t o the Upper Talavera River Irrigation System (WIS), one of the selected s l , d ~ sites. On the way to UTRIS, a brief stop was made at Perias, Tal~avera. Perias is a potential site for piloting irrigated diversified cropping within llPRIIS in the dry season. This area (appros. 50 ha) can be served hy a carinl from the Murcon Creek Irrigation System. 2-2 * 2 At the District I (W'RIS) Office, the NIA staff3J headed by Engr. Manuel Collado briefed the mission members on the status of operations at UTRIS for the 1987-88 dry season. The main problems cited by the NIA staff in the dry season is 'the limited water supp+g and siltation. In areas where irrigati.on water is difficult 1,o deliver (downstream and elevated areas) and the soils are coarse in texture,, farmers are encouraged to plant non-rice crops. In this system, the dominant non-rice crop is onion. Around 50% of the dry season area is planted to riori-rice crops mainly onion. Rice is planted mostly in areas arid also in areas lower in elevation relative to the canals. 2-2.3 The IIMI research a!isistarit (Fagr. Arturo Francisco) gave a presentation after the NIA bi5efing.. This presentation was mainly on the current activities of IIMJ at IJTRIS. Maps indicating the areas planted to rice and other crops were given t o the team members. The presentation highlighted the experiences of the N I A field st,aff in providing irrigation mter for both rice and non-rice farms for t~iie 1:nt.i.r.e UlR1S dry season. the upstream 2/ The IIMI-IRRI Collabrati~w Pi:ojec!t is a co~iiplernentary st.udy on the problems of irrigation management. foi, r-ice-based farmhe; syst.ems. This study will build on the ADB supported s t u d y (TA No. 859 PHI) to arrive at comprehensive results with regard t.o the optimal use o:F liniil ed imt,cyr supply in the d r y scason. For more details on thin s t u d y sc'f: A~ules 2 . 3J A listing of all. persons that nt.t.mcl(x1 the- briefirgs and iiieetings in the course of this review can hc found i n tir\rllic:s 3 . 4 2-2.4 The reports indicated that the present practices of the system personnel are satisfactory. However, more effective management of the system can be attained with more effort on the part of the field staff and also the constructive involvement of the farmers in utilizing the limited water supply at bTRIS. current dry season, a set of recorranendations or guidelines for the improvement of the system in irrigating rice and non-rice crops will be formulated. It is expected that with the completion of this 2-2.5 After the briefing at the NIA Office, the group proceeded to the College of Engineering o f CLSU. The CISU research staff headed by D r . Honorato Angeles welcomed the group. After lunch, a briefing was held at the conference room of the College of Engineering. Dr. Miguel Aragon started the presentation with a status report on his stdy on the conversion of puddled lowland rice soil to upland soil condition for. onion, from wet season to dry season and vice versa. Preliminary results of the study indicated that only the coarser textured soils in higher elevations could possibly be converted for growing onions. Other rice soils are a l s o being evaluated for possible conversion. This component study will provide the necessary information on the physical requisites of irrigated diversified cropping at the farm level. 2-2.6 D r . Ireneo Agulto presented the preliminary results of the study on the irrigation method for onion. His three sample sites were located in WRIS. Two methods of planting were being observed, namely the bedded and mulched methods. Initial observations indicated'that the mulched samples wed lesser amounts of water compared to the bedded samples. the mulched samples required more labor and materials. Comprative information on the stream size and farm ditch discharges are expcted to be the cmpletion of this study. However, gathered after 2-2.7 For the economics component of the study, D r . Muardo Marzan presented the results of a survey made in the 1986-87 dry season and the land utilization results in the current dry season. One interesting aspect of his report is the minimal net income derived from producing onions when family labor is accounted for. This indicates the near zero opportunity costs of labor in the service area of WI'RIS during the dry season. However, when onion prices are relatively higher, farmers derive higher net income if other factors remain constant. This has been the experience of some farmers interviewed. Thus, there is the expectation that maybe there is a chance that prices will be favorable every year. 2-2.8 After the briefing at CLSU, the group, together with the CISU research staff, visited two sample farms in VrnIS. In one of the sample farms, the farmer indicated concern regarding the late rains. The farmer said that the quality of the onion will be affected due to the excess moisture brought, about by the late rains. E,rperiences of the farmers in growing onion indicated that timely irrigation is indeed important and that it should not be in excess nor lacking. maturing onions in the field. This f i e ld visit (ompleted the first, day of the schedule for the review mission. Unexpect,erl rains will bring abut spilage of 5 G 2-3 Visit to Laow-Vintar River Irrigation System (LVRIS) and Mariano Marcos State University (W), 17-18 February: 2-3.1 The review mission team spent the night of 16th February at Bauang, La Union. brief stop at S t a . Maria, Ilocos Sur was made to refuel the NIA vehicle the mission team was using. In the Office of the Provincial Irrigation Engineer (PIE), the team was briefed on the current activities of the Provincial Irrigation Office (PIO). The PI0 takes charge of all the NIA supported communal projects in One interesting aspect of the briefing was the finding that cost of irrigation developnent was escalatirG. According to the PIE, there are systems in the province where the cost of developent is as high as P36,OOO/ha. 2-3.2 It took 4 hours to drive from Eiauang, La Union to Bertac, Ilocos Norte. At M S U , the Irrigation Superintendent of LVRIS (Engr. Lorenzo), his staff and the WSU research staff headed by Dr. Salud Baroga, Director for Research welcomed the mission team. After lunch, a briefing w a s held at the I-Pf3.I guest house. Engr. Lorenzo initially briefed the team on the operations of LVRIS in the current dry season. He also presented the 1987-88 wet and dry season statistics of LVRIS. The procedures of programning of non-rice crops at LVRIS aroused interest. This was pursued particularly by Dr. Mi& (IIMI). 2-3.3 According to Engr. Lorenzo, allocation of water or designating areas to be planted to rice and non-rice cro@ is an activity undertaken by NIA with the farmers’ irrigation associations. The process starts with NIA staff estimating the available water supply and then presenting these data to the farmers during a meeting before the onset of the dry season. Any changes or modifications on the allocation of water is agreed upon by both NIA and the irrigators’ associations. Schedule of wmter deliveries is also finned up. 2-3 a 4 In times of scarcity, rotational deliveries are made and the farmers are consulted accordingly. In the current dry season, more farmers planted rice than garlic. One reason cited for this was the Occurrence of a late typhoon which This encouraged more farmers to plant rice in the dry season to supply their yearly rice requirement. Another reason provided was the availability of more water at the start of the dry season. The prices of garlic in the previous dry season discouraBed the farmers from planting larger areaa presently. 2-3.5 In the Bonga Pump No. 2 system, there was a delay in the dry season cropping period. This was attributed to the damage done by a typhoon in October. The pump had to be cleaned and properly oiled and fanners were unable to pay for the use of the pump due to poor harvest. the dry season was started late. Some farmers started planting non-rice crops (watermelon and garlic) using the shallow well pumps. Only a few farmers planted rice in the current dry season. 2-3.6 With the farmers organized into mi association, the financial viability of the association will have to k examined further before the irrigation system is turned over to the farmers. For a more detailed description of this systmn, refer to the First. Progress Report. Next day, on the trip to Ilocos Norte, a the province. damaged the wet season harvest, Thus, 6 2-3.7 Engr. Carlos Pascual presented the results of the study on the methodology for identifying Soill3 suitable for diversified cropping in parts of a system. Maps generated by a microcomputer indicating soils, canals and other physical characteristics of the service area of LVRIS were presented. M r . Salandanan (NIA) waa particularly interested. The methodology used thematic maps for easy assessment and configuration. 2-3.8 The next study presented was the irrigation method for garlic and wheat. For the mulched garlic crop, the basin flooding method was being docmented in seven field sites. However, for the wheat crop only two field plots are being observed. The density of farm ditches is also being studied. Factors affecting density of fann ditches are being examined to find out their significant effects on the length of farm ditches. 2-3.9 The economic aspects of crop diversification at LVRIS and EP#~ was presented by Mrs. Charito Acosta. Besides garlic the other non-rice crop found profitable based on the survey was peanut. However, the data used was only for small land holdings less than 0.3 ha. 2-3.10 Dr. Baroga said the thta collected were sufficient. Bconomies of scale will not affect the actual costs of production even if production is projected into a one hectare fann or a larger area. According to a study mde at RIARS in Region I, projections made oh field plots measuring not less than 0.1 ha are accurate enough for larger estimates in terms of cost and returns. Peenut was grown in the LVRIS service area since it requires a dry soil before planting and it talres a longer time to grow (120 days). This longer growing period will not allow farmers to grow a third crop. 2-3.11 The IIMI research assistant (Mr. Alexis Elegado) explained the IIMI activities at LVRIS and BP#2. He said the objectives of the study are to docment and improve the operational procedures in these two systems. The existing procedures in cultivatiing irrigated non-rice crops in the dry season, particulary LVRIS, may be suitiable for adoption in other systems. Presently the study is finding out possibilities for improving the effectivity of the system. The preceeding wet season data were presented in terms of water adequacy and equity. However, the water supply in the wet season was more than adequate and the equity issue was not critical. 2-3.12 In the current dry season, more areas were planted to rice. This led to the recent rotation of water among the four divisions at LVRIS, as previously explained by Engr. Lorenzo. The initial data collected indicate that the ytream portion or Division 1 gets more than its share of irrigation water. is exacerbated by seepage losses in the main canal in conveying water to other parts of the system. It is expected that with the completion of this dry season, sufficient data will have been collected to enable the making of guidelines which can be tested in the next dry season. These guidelines will be presented in the next reporting stage. 2-3.13 After the presentation, Dr. Baroga thanked the mission team and excused herself for not accompanying the group in the field visit. There were two garlic field sites visited. In the f irst site, garlic would be harvested This study is arrivim at an interesting stage. not widely This inequality 0 0 I the next day. On the second site, harvesting had just been completed, with the garlic bulbs being placed in a bullock cart .and tricycle. According to the fanners, the prevailing selling price of garlic is attractive but the quality is quite low. The bulbs were not as big as expected. The higher price was attributed to low supply and absence of the Taiwan variety of imported garlic. 2-3.14 The last stop was the wheat field sitP. Two adjacent wheat field sites were visited. Unfortunately, the research staff in charge of the agronomic aspects was not present. Nonetheless, the mission members observed the farmer’s wheat field. The component study in this case is only docmnting the actual water use of the fields selected. Other information like yield, costs and returns will also be collected. M r . Walter (ADB) requested for a copy of the temperature data in the locality where wheat is currently being pilot tested. This field visit ended the second day of the mission. Next day, the mission team boarded flights on their way to South the final part of the mission. 2-4 Visit to Allah River Irrigrttion Project (ARIP) and Bann a River Irrigation System (BARIS). 19-20 February: 2-4.1 The briefing at the Allah River Irrigation Project (ARIP) was started with a welcome address by the officer-in-charge, Engr. Santiago Eslaban Jr. This was followed by a presentation by Wr. Aplinario Mempin, Agricultural Coordinating Division (ACD) IWger. The accomplishments and current activities were presented in detail by one of his staff, Engr. J. Gregorio. The accomplishments in the Pilot Testing and Demonstration Farm No. 2 Lateral A-extra, were presented by Engr. Reynaldo de C u m . Lateral A-extra is designed for growing irrigated non-rice crops in the dry season. The testing of irrigated non-rice crops in parts of the service area of lateral A-extra indicated mixed results. During the first dry season 1985-86, approximately 15 ha of corn were irrigated. During this time IIMI together with ACD and the staff of the University of Southern Mindanao (USM) were testing irrigated corn, mungbean and peanuts. In the next dry season only around 14 ha of irrigated corn and mungbean were planted. In this current dry season around 27 ha ma planted with irrigated corn. 2-4.2 Fanners were still hoping to plant a second crop of irrigated rice due to the abundance of irrigation water supply. This abundance can be attributed to the on-going construction within the service areas of Dams I and 11, which presently are not being irrigated. Moreover, the indicated inflow into the main canal of Dam I was underestimated by as much as 40%. Thus, there is actually more water available than expected, discouraging more farmers to plant irrigated non-rice crops. However, this situation is only temporary. Only upon full developnent of all the areas in both Dams I and I1 will the shortage of irrigation water in the dry season be felt. It will thus be too late to convince fanners of the necessity to plant irrigated non-rice crops. 2-4.3 Farmers located in the areas (laterals A, B and C-extras) with soils very suitable to non-rice crops have been requesting for an irrigated second rice crop. So far, actual water shortage has not yet occurred, which is the only convincing argument for cultivating irrigated non-rice crops. Cotabato for 8 2-4.4 Engr. Julio Antenor explained the operation of the system. He described the allocation and distribution procedures being implemented at ARIP. As previously discussed, farmers at ARIP prefer to irrigate rice then non-rice crops in the dry season. To most farmers, irrigation is synonymous to irrigated rice. The plan for the next dry season will be to partition the service area of Surallah Dam into two zones. Zone I will be irrigated at an earlier period and Zone I1 a month and a half later. This schedule of irrigation water delivery will enable NIA to schedule the "flushing" of non- rice crops at Laterals A-extra and B-extra, both belonging to Zone 11. Hopefully, the fanners in these two laterals will accept this schedule upon its presentation during the meeting with farmers before the start of the wet seaSon. 2-4.5 The next report was presented by IIMI as introduced by Dr. Valera. The details of the IIMI activities at ARIP were presented by Engr. Rufino Soguilon. Calibration of measuring points, monitoring of flows and fanning activities and documenting operations at ARIP are the main system level activities being conducted by IIMI. This is done in collaboration with the field staff of NIA. These activities are deemed important in arriving at practices that will be useful in finally operating the system to irrigate non- rice crop if farmers will finally be convinced to do so. 2-4.6 The other component of the IIMI study is on the testing of furrow irrigation for hybrid corn. Two test sites were selected within the service area of lateral A-extra. This testing activity is jointly undertaken by the NIA-ACD staff and the DA-RIARS staff. Results so far indicate that a hectare of hybrid corn using furrows can be irrigated in only 7-8 hours. This is definitely more efficient than the usual pracTice of "flush-flooding" which takes 3 days to irrigate one hwtare. There yere also differences observed between the plots previously planted to rice and corn. These differences were attributed to the presence of the hard pan developed in puddling the rice crop in the wet season. More water 'was observed to be used by the plot previously planted to rainfed corn in the wet season. 2-4.7 The economics portion of the study was presented by Mrs. Furisim Bayacag, Assistant Professor of USM. Based on the previous dry season's survey, fanners at ARIP are not keen on irrigating non-rice crops. Fanners still prefer to grow irrigated rice in the dry season. In this current dry season, samples of irrigated and rainfed corn will be available for the survey of crop production. This study will provide financial and economic information on the viability of irrigated non-rice crop production at ARIP. 2-4.8 The last to report was IW. Abelardo Zorilla, the team leader of the Provincial Technology Verification Trials at Marbel, South Cotabato for the Department of Agriculture (DA). He explained the program of DA in connection with the on-going IIMI-NIA project at ARIP. The main bulk of their work w a a mostly with rainfed environments. However, their present program was able to include testing of cropping patterns, variety and fertilizer trials in irrigated areas, particularly at ARIP. This is one rare occasion wherein NIA and DA are working together in a particular field project,. He said that this 9 present activity should he the start of joir undertakings between the two agencies. M r . Zorilla provided support services for the agronomic aspects of the testing sites for furrow irrj~gated hybrid corn. 2-4 a 9 After lunch, the mission team, together with the staff from NIA, DA and USM proceeded to the two testing sites for the furrow irrigated hybrid corn. In the first site, the farmer cooperator indicated a good harvest for hi6 crop. The corn crop was t.o k harvested i n two weeks time. All of the inputs were jointly provided by IIMI, NIA and DA but will be reimbursed by the fanner after harvest, including tbe irrigation fee. The estimated yield based on the stand of the crop was around 4.5 tons/ha which is considered a good yield. lack of water. This site was used by the ACD staff to demonstrate the impact of irrigation on hybrid corn during one of their training visits for the fanners from the Dam I1 service area. Another aspect demonstrated was the utility of detasseling or tassel removal to prevent the proliferation of corn borers. 2-4.10 In the next test, site, the farmer cooperator was duly impressed w i t h the kind of corn crop he has. According to him this is the first time he has grown irrigated hybrid corn. He said that one of the main advantages of hybrid corn is its ability to withstand strong winds. This, he says, can be attributed to a larger and more r:tiff corn stalk. Adjacent to this location is the site where the DA fertil-izer trial was conducted. Among the macro nutrients demonstrated to have an impact was phosphorus. Plots with no phosphorus had a stunted starid compared to the other plots with phosphorus applied. This site was also visi.ted by the farmers brought in by the ACD staff from the neighboring towns of AR1:P. 2-4.11 then proceeded to the office of the m a River Irrigation System (BARIS). A short, briefing! was held in the office. Engr. Orlando Tibang, Assistant Irrigation Superintendent reported on the operations and problems in the system. The main problem is still the siltation coming from the river. Flushing of silt; requires two hours daily. Removal of the accumulated silt in the settlimt pond ia also a regular activity at the headworks. Payment of the irrigation fee is slowly decreasing though the system a whole is still financially viablr. Viability is reckoned as the total yearly collection which is equal to the yearly operation and maintenance expenditures (o&M). , Any excess will be divi~ded among the staff of NIA including the office staff. 2-4.12 A question was raised by Mr. Walter on the presence of hybrid corn seeds inside the office. Accord:tng to Wr. Tibang, the seeds are actually for some members of the Irrigators Association who opted to plant a third crop of corn after two crops of irrigat,ed rice. Farmers have indicated their intention to plant a third crop of hybrid corn in approximately 250 ha, but not necessarily irrigated. Farmers wishing to avail of irrigation water will have to forward a signed request to the NIA office. This is the only way by which fanners at BARIS wi.11 pay irrigation fees for non-rice crops. 2-4.13 The IIMI research assirhnt (Engr. Isidro Teleron) reprted on the activities of ITMI at BARTS. A prepared text of the report was distribut,ed and presented. Questions wer? raised regarding the observed and planned operation The adjacent rainfed corn crop was totally wiped out by The group 10 of the system. Mr. Salandanan ( N I A ) raised the point that any discrevy between the planned 8nd actual operation of the system should be the basis for improving the effectiveness of the system. D r . Valera (IIMI) clarified that if the system is already operating satisfactorily, then there should be no difference between Based on the report of Engr. Teleron and bgr. Ti-, O.O (mn) 0 to to 1.0 t o to to to R'fall Jan Feb Mar Apr b Y JUn Jul Aug SeP Oct Nov Dec 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22 4 1 2 2 1 0 0 10 14 6 2 3 3 1 0 1 15 16 7 2 2 2 1 0 1 16 10 7 3 4 4 1 1 2 22 17 5 2 3 1 1 0 0 13 23 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 8 27 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 30 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 1 2 33 186 338 340 608 262 92 32 3 Jan Feb Mar A P ~ b Y JUIl Jul AM SeP Oct NOV Dec 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 3 4 0 3 0 0 20 290 10 10 5 4 1 0 1 0 21 235 15 8 2 3 1 2 0 0 16 238