Sustainable potato production with minimum tillage and crop residue mulching to mitigate Climate Change in the Andean region January, 2026 Javier Rinza, David A. Ramírez, Johan Ninanya, Percy Briceño, Enner Arias, Wilson Mendoza, Ronal Otiniano, Jan F. Kreuze Technical Report Contents | Page 1 of 26 CGIAR Sustainable potato production with minimum tillage and crop residue mulching to mitigate Climate Change in the Andean region © International Potato Center 2026 DOI: 10.4160/cip.2026.02.002 CIP ID: 2026.02.002/RPSP CIP publications contribute important development information to the public arena. Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce material from them in their own publications. As copyright holder CIP requests acknowledgement and a copy of the publication where the citation or material appears. Please send a copy to the Communications Department at the address below. International Potato Center P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru cip@cgiar.org • www.cipotato.org Citation: Rinza, J.; Ramírez, D.; Ninanya, J. Briceño, P.; Arias, E.; Mendoza, W.; Otiniano, R.; Kreuze, J. 2026. Sustainable potato production with minimum tillage and crop residue mulching to mitigate Climate Change in the Andean region. International Potato Center: Lima, Peru. DOI: 10.4160/cip.2026.02.002 Design and Layout: Communications Department January 2026 CIP also thanks all donors and organizations that globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund: www.cgiar.org/funders This publication is copyrighted by the International Potato Center (CIP). It is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://www.cipotato.org/ http://www.cgiar.org/funders CGIAR Contents | Page 2 of 26 Contents ABSTRACT 3 I. INTRODUCTION 4 II. METHODOLOGY 5 2.1. Study Area 5 2.2. Experimental trials 5 2.2.1. Installation of experimental trials 5 2.2.2 Crop management practices and cultural labor 6 2.2.3 Monitoring and evaluation carried out in the experimental trials. 6 2.3. Demonstration trials 7 2.3.1 Installation of demonstration trials 7 2.3.2 Crop management and harvest 8 2.4 Training activities for smallholder potato farmers in the study area 8 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 10 3.1. Experimental trials: Agronomic, economic, and environmental outcomes 10 3.2. Demonstration trials 13 3.3. Training for smallholder potato farmers and dissemination of technology 15 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 16 V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 VI. REFERENCES 18 VII. ANNEX 20 ABSTRACT | Page 3 of 26 CGIAR ABSTRACT This study evaluated the feasibility of producing potatoes under minimum tillage (MT) with crop residue mulching as a sustainable strategy in the northern Peruvian Andes (Chugay, La Libertad). The research integrated three experimental trials and 18 demonstration trials on farmers’ fields, assessing fresh tuber yield (FTY), profitability, and carbon footprint (CF). The results show that MT consistently outperformed zero tillage (ZT). In the demonstration plots, the combination of MT with a planting density of 5.6 plants m⁻² achieved an average FTY of 42.0 t ha⁻¹, with a maximum of 80.0 t ha⁻¹, more than doubling the national average. In the experimental trials, MT with mulch thicknesses of 20 and 30 cm was more effective, reaching FTY values of up to 23.9 t ha⁻¹. From an environmental perspective, MT with mulching significantly reduced the CF, reaching 91.8 kg CO₂eq t⁻¹ compared with 344.9 kg CO₂eq t⁻¹ under ZT. Pine needle and legume mulching showed high potential for soil moisture conservation, weed control, and increased FTY. Economically, MT showed a better cost–benefit ratio: six demonstration plots were profitable, with a maximum net benefit of 6000 USD ha⁻¹; the best results were observed on slopes below 25%. As a key component of technology transfer, 554 farmers were trained, 42% of whom were women, setting a precedent for empowerment and gender equity in Andean agriculture. In conclusion, MT, combined with crop-residue mulching and a plant density of 5.6 plants m⁻², has been validated as a robust technology for increasing the productivity and sustainability of potato production in the Andean region. For scaling up, it is recommended to optimize profitability at larger scales, assess long-term soil carbon dynamics, and conduct socio-economic studies to facilitate sustained adoption. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, Regenerative Agriculture, soil organic cover, control weeds, Straw residues, C emission. CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 4 of 26 I. INTRODUCTION Soil degradation (Fonte et al., 2012), the increase in pests and diseases (Dangles et al., 2008), and the uncertainty and intensity of extreme events associated with global warming (Rolando et al., 2017) are causing highland Andean populations to face significant reductions in the yields of strategic crops such as potato. In response, many farmers are forced to increase the use of agrochemicals, particularly synthetic fertilizers, and to apply insecticides and pesticides frequently and intensively to secure production (Honles et al., 2022). While these practices help maintain yields, they also increase indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, raise the carbon footprint (CF), and, in turn, reduce the soil’s long-term capacity to sequester carbon (Fonte et al., 2012). In Peru, the agriculture, forestry, and other land-use sector is the main source of GHG emissions, accounting for 47.9% (100,794.1 Gg CO₂eq) of net emissions, of which 13.5% (28,478.3 Gg CO₂eq) corresponds to agriculture (MINAM, 2023). In this context, it is a priority to identify and promote agronomic practices with climate-change mitigation potential that increase soil organic matter and reduce indirect GHG emissions, particularly by reducing the use of synthetic agrochemicals. Another environmental problem with direct impacts on GHG emissions is the burning of crop residues in the Andes. Recurrent droughts in these ecosystems reduce vegetation moisture content, increasing the availability of highly combustible dry material. This condition, combined with burning practices (Álvarez et al., 2025), has favored the occurrence of major forest fires in the Andes and the Amazon. In 2024, 1754 forest fires were recorded, affecting 1876 people and causing the loss of 63719.4 ha of natural cover in Peru (INDECI, 2024). Therefore, it is urgent to implement measures that promote the use of agricultural residues as inputs to be incorporated into the soil as a potential source of nutrients and carbon. In Asia, especially in India (Kakraliya et al., 2025) and Bangladesh (Ramírez et al., 2025), potato cultivation under zero tillage using rice straw as mulch has been promoted with the aim of reducing the burning of rice residues by farmers (Kakraliya et al., 2024). In addition to lowering atmospheric emissions caused by burning, this technology reduces the intensity of soil tillage by facilitating planting and harvesting, reducing the need for weeding, and eliminating hilling operations. Taken together, these benefits contribute to increased productivity and profitability, improved soil moisture conservation, and higher soil organic matter, thereby enhancing sustainability (Ramírez et al., 2022). Based on these experiences in Asia and within the framework of the project “Potato production through zero-tillage with straw mulch: an innovative technology for sustainable intensification and diversification of rice- based systems to improve livelihoods of small-scale farmers in Asia” (Agreement No. 81275993), funded by the Innovation in Agriculture Promotion Fund (irAg) of the German cooperation agency GIZ, it was proposed to test this technology in the northern Andes of Peru. In this context, the International Potato Center (CIP) and Asociación Pataz (AP) – Poderosa partnered to implement the subproject “Agronomic practices to mitigate climate change in potato- and cereal-based systems: conservation agriculture and its potential scaling in the northern Andes of Peru”, which was carried out in the district of Chugay, Sánchez Carrión province, La Libertad department. In previous studies in this area (Briceño et al., 2026), using barley and oat residue as a mulch, the thickness of 30 cm in combination with minimum tillage allowed, on average, a +3.9% in tuber yield and a -19.9 % in C footprint compared to conventional practices of potato production. The objective of this study was to test potato production under minimum and zero tillage with other mulching types and disseminate the best results among farmers, and conduct an analysis of actors and agri-food systems in the area. The results of this latter socio-economic objective are presented in Pradel et al. (2024). To test this technology, three experimental trials were established in farmers’ fields to evaluate different crop-mulching sources and tillage types (minimum and zero). Subsequently, 18 demonstration trials were installed based on the most promising results from the experimental trials. Finally, as part of the scaling and technology transfer strategy, it was proposed to train at least 500 farmers in the use of these practices. ABSTRACT | Page 5 of 26 CGIAR II. METHODOLOGY 2.1. Study Area This study was conducted in the Chugay district, one of the eight districts of Sánchez Carrión Province, in the department of La Libertad (Figure 1). Chugay is in the northern Andes of Peru, approximately 50.2 km (~1.5 hours) from Huamachuco, the provincial capital. The district has an estimated agricultural area of 2,590 ha, where potato is the main crop (Pradel et al., 2024). Other important crops in the area include maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), tarwi or chocho (Lupinus mutabilis), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). The climate is cold and rainy, with dry autumns and winters (SENAMHI, 2021), an average annual precipitation of approximately 1,182 ± 105.9 mm, relative humidity ranging from 23.4 to 98.2%, and maximum and minimum temperatures between 6.7–18.3 °C and 0.4–7.8 °C, respectively (see Annex 1). Figure 1. Location of the experimental trials of Santa Fe (A), Pampa del Condor (B) and Pishauli (C) based on conservation agriculture in the Chugay district, province of Sanches Carrion, department of La Libertad. 2.2. Experimental trials 2.2.1. Installation of experimental trials Three experimental trials were established on farmers’ fields located in the hamlets of Santa Fe (7°46′44″; 77°52′23″, 3420.5 m a.s.l.), Pampa del Cóndor (7°47′33″; 77°52′55″, 3380.1 m a.s.l.), and Pishauli (7°48′19″; 77°52′12″, 3400.3 m a.s.l.) within the study area (Figure 1). In Santa Fe, planting was carried out on November 29th, 2023, using quinoa (75%) and wheat (25%) residues as mulch. In Pampa del Cóndor, planting took place on November 30th, 2023, with a crop mulch composed of quinoa (30%) and barley (70%) residues. Finally, in Pishauli, planting was conducted on December 1st, 2023, using tarwi residues as mulch. Each experimental trial had a total area of 783 m² (Figure 2) and consisted of plots of 10.8 m², each with four furrows spaced 1 m apart Chugay A) B) C) CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 6 of 26 and 10 plants per furrow, with a spacing of 0.3 m between plants, resulting in a planting density of 3.7 plants m⁻². A split-plot experimental design was used, where the main factor was tillage type, zero tillage (ZT) and minimum tillage (MT); and the secondary factor corresponded to mulch thickness, with three levels: 0.1 m (M1), 0.2 m (M2), and 0.3 m (M3), evaluated in two replications. In total, six treatments resulting from the combination of both factors were evaluated. Additionally, a control treatment under conventional management in the study area was included, with four replications (one per block; Figure 2). Fertilization was applied at a total rate of 120–100–180 kg ha⁻¹ of N:P₂O₅:K₂O, using 15.2 kg of island guano (Agro Rural, 12% N–11% P₂O₅–2.5% K₂O), 233.2 kg of poultry manure (supplier in Huamachuco, 2.4% N–3.1% P₂O₅–3.1% K₂O + 63.5% organic matter), 9.6 kg of urea (46% N), 14.1 kg of diammonium phosphate (18% N–46% P₂O₅), and 27.2 kg of potassium sulfate (50% K₂O and 18% S). The potato variety used was INIA 325-Poderosa, certified seed, sourced from the “Asociación de Productores Agropecuarios y Semilleristas La Poderosa” from the hamlet of La Soledad, district of Chugay. Land preparation was carried out using a tractor, animal-drawn plow, and manual tools (pickaxe) in the localities of Santa Fe, Pampa del Cóndor, and Pishauli, respectively. Figure 2. Experimental design layout at the Santa Fe–Chugay site, following a split-plot design, with tillage type (zero and minimum) as the main factor and residue thickness used as quinoa/barley mulch; as the secondary factor, with levels M1, M2, and M3 corresponding to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m, respectively. 2.2.2 Crop management practices and cultural labor Seven phytosanitary and foliar fertilization applications were carried out throughout the crop’s vegetative period. These included the application of the insecticides ARTURUS (4 mL L⁻¹), Fiamix (2 mL L⁻¹), and DUAL-MAX (1 g L⁻¹), as well as organic foliar fertilizers N-ENERGY X6 (5 mL L⁻¹), SEAWEED CREAM (4 mL L⁻¹), Ca-Mg Pawer (4 mL L⁻¹), Solt-Clean (2 mL L⁻¹), and K-ENERGY X6 (2 mL L⁻¹). These applications were primarily intended to control the Andean potato weevil (Premnotrypes spp.). In addition, one application of lime sulfur solution (25 mL L⁻¹) was carried out as a fungicide for the prevention of late blight (Phytophthora infestans). 2.2.3 Monitoring and evaluation carried out in the experimental trials The harvest was carried out at 159, 160, and 161 days after planting (DAP) in the experimental trials at Pishauli, Santa Fe, and Pampa del Cóndor, respectively. In Santa Fe, the harvest included the participation of representatives from the International Potato Center (CIP), the Pataz Association (AP), the District Municipality of Chugay, the National Agrarian Health Service (SENASA), the Agrarian Agency–Sánchez Carrión, FONCODES– Haku Wiñay Project–Chugay, and local farmers (Annex 2). For evaluation purposes, only the two central rows of each plot were harvested, discarding border plants to avoid edge effects. The recorded variables included: ABSTRACT | Page 7 of 26 CGIAR number of plants harvested; tuber uniformity, assessed using a visual scale from 1 to 9 (1 = very heterogeneous, 3 = heterogeneous, 5 = intermediate, 7 = uniform, 9 = very uniform); number and weight of tubers in the commercial category (diameter ≥ 3 cm) and non-commercial category (diameter ≤ 3 cm), more details in Vandamme et al. (2023). Tuber weight was measured using a digital hanging scale (KERN, CH 50K50, Germany). Fresh tuber yield (FTY, kg ha⁻¹) was calculated using the formula used by Sánchez and Meza (2015): FTY = 𝑓𝑡𝑤 𝑎 x 10 Where 𝑓𝑡𝑤 (kg) is the total weight of commercial and non-commercial tubers per plot, and “𝑎” (m²) is the harvested plot area. Using the weight of the commercial category, marketable tuber yield (MTY) was determined. To evaluate economic profitability, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was used, applying the equation used by Sarangi et al. (2021): BCR = GR CP where GR is the gross return or total benefit, calculated as the product of the yield obtained and the potato sale price per kg, and CP represents the total production cost, calculated as the sum of direct and indirect costs incurred in each trial. These costs included the purchase of seed, organic and inorganic fertilizers, insecticides, biological inoculants, and labor for various field operations. BCR > 1 indicates that the treatment is economically profitable, whereas a BCR < 1 reflects null profitability or that the treatment is not profitable. Net benefit is calculated as the difference between GR and PC. In addition, the carbon footprint (CF) was estimated using the Cool Farm Tool calculator (CFT, 2024), developed by the Cool Farm Alliance. For this analysis, data from the seven sections of the tool were entered, covering all activities and inputs used in each treatment throughout the cropping season. The data included the number of seeds used, cultivated area, soil characteristics, and fertilizer applications, specifying doses and application methods. Likewise, the use of pesticides and seed-disinfection or protection products, along with their respective doses, was recorded. Finally, the sources and amounts of energy used in various agricultural activities, such as land preparation and seed transport, were included. 2.3. Demonstration trials 2.3.1 Installation of demonstration trials Eighteen demonstration trials (E1–E18) were established, each with a total area of 147.5 m², using a two-block layout (Figure 3). In each block, three plots corresponded to zero tillage (ZT) and three to minimum tillage (MT), evaluated under two planting densities of 3.7 (D1) and 5.6 (D2) plants m⁻². The potato seed varieties used were INIA 302–Amarilis in the “registered” category (seed in the certification process that meets minimum requirements; INIA, 2012), complemented with native seed of the “Chaucha redonda” variety, produced locally in the district of Chugay. Sowing was carried out between October 23rd and November 4th, 2024 (Table 1; trial E1 in Annex 3). For the MT treatment, furrow preparation was performed manually using hoes, after which the previously mixed fertilizers were applied. The fertilization rate used was 120–100–180 kg ha⁻¹ of N:P₂O₅:K₂O, using the following sources and amounts: 2.7 kg of seabird guano (Agro Rural; 12% N–11% P₂O₅–2.5% K₂O), 80 kg of poultry manure (local supplier; 2.4% N–3.1% P₂O₅–3.1% K₂O + 63.5% organic matter), 0.6 kg of urea (46% N), 5.0 kg of diammonium phosphate (18% N–46% P₂O₅), and 4.1 kg of potassium sulfate (50% K₂O and 18% S). Subsequently, entomopathogens were applied using a 5 L plastic watering can, with 7.5 L of entomopathogenic solution per furrow (specific doses are detailed in the following section). Furrow covering in the MT plots was carried out manually using pickaxes or hoes. Finally, all plots were covered with a 0.2 m layer of plant residues, CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 8 of 26 including barley, faba bean, and pea residues, pine needles, among others, ensuring uniform coverage across the entire surface per plot. Figure 3. Scheme used for the demonstration plots, with a total area of 147.5 m², under zero tillage (dark gray) and minimum tillage (light yellow), and with planting densities of 3.7 (D1) and 5.6 (D2) plants m⁻². The area outlined with blue dashed lines corresponds to the area used to evaluate fresh tuber yield. 2.3.2 Crop management and harvest For the prevention of pests and diseases, biological insecticides were applied, including BIO INSECT POWER (5 mL L⁻¹; Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumorosea, and Lecanicillium lecanii) and BIO BASIANA (2 g L⁻¹; Beauveria bassiana, 1 × 10⁹ spores g⁻¹). In addition, biological inoculants such as BEST-T (5 mL L⁻¹; Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis) and BIODYNE 401, a plant growth promoter (5 mL L⁻¹; Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.), were used. Complementarily, BIODYNE 501 (5 mL L⁻¹; Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) was applied as an inoculant for organic matter decomposition. Micronutrient applications were carried out using Agrostemin GL at a dose of 1.5 mL L⁻¹. The first harvests, corresponding to 16 demonstration trials, were conducted between April 23rd and 28th, 2025 (Annex 3C, Annex 4 A, B). The remaining two trials, located at higher elevations (~4000 m a.s.l.) in the hamlet of Nuevo Huaycho, were harvested on June 7, 2025 (see Table 1). All harvests were performed following the methodology described in Section 2.2.3. 2.4 Training activities for smallholder potato farmers in the study area Training activities were conducted for smallholder potato farmers in the study area, using the experimental and demonstration trials as hands-on learning platforms. Through these activities, farmers were trained in the principles and key considerations of Regenerative Agriculture, with emphasis on the benefits of using crop residues as mulch and the advantages of MT and ZT. In addition, essential technical aspects related to planting, the application of organic fertilizers and mulch, phytosanitary management, and harvesting were addressed, all within the framework of a sustainable potato production system. ABSTRACT | Page 9 of 26 CGIAR Table 1. Location of the 18 installed demonstration trials (E1–E18), using the improved potato variety Amarilis and different types of mulch or crop residues, in the Chugay district, department of La Libertad. Trial Date: Hamlets Mulch Location Altitude (m) Planting Harvest Latitude (S) Longitude (W) E1 11/2/24 4/23/25 El Progreso Faba bean 7°45.7'43.6'' 77°48.7'40.0'' 3611 E2 10/25/24 4/25/25 La Soledad Pea 7°45.8'46.6'' 77°48.7'41.5'' 3547 E3 10/29/24 4/26/25 La Soledad Pea1 7°48.4'23.6'' 77°48.6'38.9'' 3767 E4 10/31/24 4/27/25 Santa Fe Barley 7°46.9'55.7'' 77°51.9'53.2'' 3393 E5 10/25/24 4/29/25 San Juan Pine needles 7°48.2'12.6'' 77°48.5'29.9'' 3611 E6 10/28/24 4/28/25 Macullida Pine needles 7°47.0'1.5'' 77°48.3'19.6'' 3627 E7 10/24/24 4/23/25 Mushit Barley 7°44.9'51.1'' 77°49.9'52.3'' 3243 E8 10/23/24 4/23/25 Mushit Barley 7°44.9'51.1'' 77°49.9'52.3'' 3224 E9 10/24/24 4/26/25 San Juan*@ Barley2 7°48.5'32.6'' 77°48.3'18.4 3686 E10 11/5/24 4/26/25 San Juan* Barley 7°49.8'45.7'' 77°48.0'0.8'' 3765 E11 10/28/24 4/25/25 San Juan* Barley 7°48.1'7.4'' 77°47.6'37.2'' 3693 E12 11/9/24 6/7/25 Nuevo Huaycho Avena 7°56.7'42.9'' 77°43.9'52.3'' 4009 E13 10/27/24 4/24/25 Pampa Las Flores Barley3 7°46.9'56.5' 77°52.4'23.2'' 3820 E14 10/26/24 4/23/25 El Progreso Barley 7°45.8'46.6'' 77°48.7'41.5'' 3580 E15 10/30/24 4/28/25 Licame& Barley 7°46.0'58.6'' 77°50.1'5.1'' 3658 E16 10/26/24 4/24/25 El Progreso Barley 7°45.3'21.0'' 77°49.1'8.5'' 3699 E17 10/26/24 4/27/25 El Progreso Barley 7°46.8'50.9'' 77°47.7'44.9'' 3823 E18 10/27/24 6/7/25 Nuevo Huaycho Barley4 7°46.9'55.7'' 77°51.9'53.2'' 3978 *Native potato seeds of the variety “Chaucha redonda” were used. The trials were implemented by the farmer associations of @“Asociación de productores agropecuarios ecológicos Yhave Los Pinos-San Juan” and &“Asociación de Productores Agropecuarios Mi Licame Unido (APAMU)”. For the latter, a total area of 430.7 m² was used. The mulch thickness was complemented with barley1, pine needles2, wheat3 and ichu grass4 residues. CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 10 of 26 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Detailed information on the agronomic and economic data, as well as other variables associated with the experimental trials conducted in Santa Fe, Pampa del Cóndor, and Pishauli, are available on the Dataverse platform (https://data.cipotato.org/). 3.1. Experimental trials: Agronomic, economic, and environmental outcomes In the three locations evaluated, treatments under MT showed a consistent trend toward higher yields, with overall means of 17.8 ± 0.77 t ha⁻¹ for FTY and 11.8 ± 0.72 t ha⁻¹ for MTY (see Figure 4 A, B, C). In contrast, ZT recorded significantly lower values: 8.3 ± 0.51 t ha⁻¹ and 6.1 ± 0.47 t ha⁻¹ for FTY and MTY, respectively. However, none of these treatments outperformed the control, which reached 20.6 ± 2.12 t ha⁻¹ in FTY and 17.3 ± 2.11 t ha⁻¹ in MTY. It should be noted that the control included practices such as weeding and hilling, which makes direct comparison with the other systems difficult. The observed differences between reduced tillage methods may be associated with weed competition, which was lower under MT because of partial soil disturbance during initial field preparation. This behavior is consistent with that reported by Paucar (2019), who highlighted that MT and crop residues from the previous crop used as mulch limit weed growth. In ZT systems, the absence of soil disturbance favors weed establishment, especially at early growth stages when plants are more vulnerable. In addition, greater soil compaction was observed under ZT than under MT. Such compaction is a limiting factor, as it reduces water infiltration and nutrient uptake from the soil (Mier et al., 2025). Contrary to what has been reported in Asian rice-based ecosystems, where ZT significantly increased potato yields (Ramírez et al., 2025; Kakraliya et al., 2025; Sarangui et al., 2021), our results in the Andes indicate that, in the short term, MT under mulch provides better outcomes than ZT. In Santa Fe, under MT with M2, the highest average FTY and MTY values were recorded, at 20.7 ± 3.54 and 14.7 ± 3.06 t ha⁻¹, respectively, slightly exceeding the control FTY of 19.4 t ha⁻¹ (Figure 5 A). In Pampa del Cóndor, MT, the highest average FTY of 23.9 ± 0.88 t ha⁻¹ was achieved under M3 (Figure 5 B). In Pishauli, the MT treatment with M3 stood out with the highest FTY of 17.7 ± 1.81 t ha⁻¹, whereas the control reached 21.5 t ha⁻¹ (Figure 5 C). Mulch thicknesses 0.2 and 0.3 m ensure adequate soil coverage, preventing direct exposure of stolons to sunlight and avoiding their transformation into aerial stems, a phenomenon that could reduce tuber formation and, consequently, crop yield. In addition, mulch helps regulate soil temperature and maintain adequate moisture levels, conditions that are favorable for optimal crop development (Monzón et al., 2020; CIMMYT, 2022). https://data.cipotato.org/ ABSTRACT | Page 11 of 26 CGIAR Figure 4. Average values of fresh tuber yield (t ha⁻¹, white) and marketable yield (t ha⁻¹, orange), benefit–cost ratio (BCR, light green), and carbon footprint (kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹, dark red) from main factor was tillage type: minimum tillage (MT) and zero tillage (ZT), in the experimental trials at Santa Fe (A, D, and G), Pampa del Cóndor (B, E, and H), and Pishauli (C, F, and I) in the Chugay district, La Libertad. The gray dashed line represents the average of the control plots at each site. Different letters indicate significantly different means according to the least significant difference test (p-value < 0.05). CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 12 of 26 Figure 5. Average values of fresh tuber yield (t ha⁻¹, white) and marketable yield (t ha⁻¹, orange), benefit–cost ratio (BCR, light green), and carbon footprint (kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹, dark red) from secondary factor corresponded to mulch thickness of 0.1 (M1), 0.2 (M2), and 0.3 m (M3) in the experimental trials at Santa Fe (A, D, and G), Pampa del Cóndor (B, E, and H), and Pishauli (C, F, and I) in the district of Chugay, La Libertad. The gray dashed line represents the average of the control plots at each site. Different letters indicate significantly different means according to the least significant difference test (p-value < 0.05). The low local market price of potatoes, at USD 0.2 kg⁻¹ during the evaluated season (compared with USD 0.4 kg⁻¹ in the previous 2023 season, according to Briceño et al., 2026), was mainly due to the nationwide overproduction recorded (AgroPerú, 2024). In this context of unfavorable prices, combined with an average 4 t ha ¹ reduction in MTY relative to FTY, none of the evaluated systems, including both conventional management and mulch-based treatments, were economically profitable (BCR < 1). Nevertheless, BCR showed that MT achieved higher values (0.61 ± 0.03) compared with ZT, which recorded 0.30 ± 0.02. The control treatment reached a BCR of 0.71 ± 0.07 (Figure 4 D, E, F). In addition, a trend toward higher BCR values was observed for mulch thicknesses M2 and M3 under MT (Figure 5 D, E, F), which offered better profitability conditions compared with the control. At the experimental trial level, in Santa Fe, the M2 treatment under MT achieved a BCR of 0.71 ± 0.11, outperforming M3 and M1 within the same system. In Pampa del Cóndor, M3 and M2 reached the highest BCR values, at 0.81 ± 0.03 and 0.72 ± 0.07, respectively (Figure 5 E). ABSTRACT | Page 13 of 26 CGIAR Figure 6. Global mean carbon footprint and its main contributing sources under minimum tillage (A) and zero tillage (B), including fresh tuber yield and a future scenario modeled over 20 years and estimated using the Cool Farm Tool. ZT showed the highest carbon footprint (CF), with an average of 344.8 ± 52.98 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹ across the three trials, in contrast to MT, which recorded significantly lower emissions of 91.8 ± 5.83 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹ (Figure 4 G, H, I). These differences are primarily attributable to the lower yields obtained under ZT. Under the control treatment, based on conventional practices, a lower CF was observed, averaging 88.6 ± 19.37 kg CO₂-eq t⁻¹. Likewise, an increase in emissions was evident as mulch thickness decreased (Figure 5 G, H, I). In Santa Fe, MT, with M1 recorded the highest CF (130.7 ± 22.24 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹), whereas in Pampa del Cóndor and Pishauli, the lowest values corresponded to MT with M3, reaching 53.4 ± 2.04 and 80.9 ± 9.46 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹, respectively. Overall, an inverse relationship between CF and FTY was observed (Figure 6), such that lower yields translated into higher emissions, a pattern similarly reported in other potato studies (Rinza et al., 2022; Sandaña and Kalazich, 2015). Potato production under conventional management conditions exhibited a higher CF (94.0 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹) than the other treatments, mainly due to fertilizer production and emissions associated with crop residue management, particularly burning practices (Neelam et al., 2025). In contrast, the MT with M3 treatment recorded the lowest CF (59.8 ± 5.44 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹) and additionally showed a carbon sequestration potential of 10.3 kg CO₂ eq t⁻¹, if conditions for incorporating organic matter into the soil through mulching are maintained over a 20-year period. Regarding emission sources, the analysis revealed the following contribution pattern: soil– fertilizer interaction (40–60%) > fertilizer production (22–34%) > energy use (9–13%) > seed production (7–26%) > off-farm transport (1–2%) > crop protection (0.4–1%). Soil–fertilizer interactions and pesticide production have been recognized as the main sources of carbon footprint in the Peruvian coast (Rinza et al., 2022) and the Andes (Briceño et al., 2026). 3.2. Demonstration trials Overall, the MT + D2 and ZT + D1 treatments showed the highest (42.0 ± 3.96 t ha⁻¹) and lowest (20.4 ± 1.99 t ha⁻¹) mean FTY values, respectively (Figure 7). The average yield achieved by the MT + D2 treatments was substantially higher than that obtained in the experimental trials under MT (17.8 ± 0.74 t ha⁻¹), as well as the national average for 2024 (19.5 t ha⁻¹, MIDAGRI 2025). These results indicate that increasing planting density, particularly by reducing inter-row spacing under MT, significantly improves yield by enhancing crop efficiency in capturing solar radiation and water (Zheng et al. 2016). Additionally, trials E5 and E6, established under pine- CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 14 of 26 needle mulch within a pine forest, achieved average yields of 40.0 ± 2.56 t ha⁻¹ and 36.4 ± 0.70 t ha⁻¹ under MT, respectively. These findings suggest that underutilized forest lands can exhibit high productive potential for potato cultivation within agroforestry systems, taking advantage of pine litter or needles as mulch, which may contribute to soil moisture conservation and improved soil structure. This opens opportunities for the agricultural revaluation of forest areas through more efficient and sustainable land use. Mean FTY values were higher in demonstrative trials located below 3600 m a.s.l., with a global maximum mean of 50.9 ± 6.33 t ha⁻¹ for the MT + D2 treatment, particularly in trials E1–E4 (Figure 7). This suggests that lower-altitude zones, characterized by warmer temperatures and potentially deeper soils, offer more favorable conditions for crop development. In contrast, at altitudes between 3600 and 3800 m a.s.l., FTY declined, with mean values of 44.1 ± 5.37 t ha⁻¹ for MT + D2. Notably, trials E1, E3, and E9 reached FTY values of 80.0, 54.3, and 53.9 t ha⁻¹, respectively. In the latter trial (E9), native potato seeds of the Chaucha redonda variety was used, suggesting high potential for scaling this approach to local native varieties. On the other hand, E1 and E3 used legume-based organic mulches, such as faba bean and pea, suggesting that this type of residue is among the most suitable inputs for mulching in potato cultivation in the Andes. Legumes not only provide ground cover but also contribute residues that enhance soil moisture conservation and nutrient supply. In contrast, at elevations between 3,800 and 4,010 m a.s.l., FTY decreased markedly across all treatments, with the most pronounced reductions observed under ZT. Within this altitudinal range, the MT + D2 treatment achieved an average FTY of 26.0 ± 4.21 t ha⁻¹. These results reflect the agroecological limitations typical of high-Andean zones, such as lower temperatures, a higher frequency of frost events, and shallower soils, all of which negatively affect potato growth and yield (Oswald et al., 2009). Land slope showed a significant influence on FTY, with MT exhibiting better adaptation than ZT, like the ancestral chiwa tillage practice, which allows more efficient use of sloping land and reduces frost impacts (Oswald et al., 2009). Under MT, average FTY values above 40 t ha⁻¹ were achieved on slopes below 25% (Annex 5A), whereas under ZT yields barely reached 30 t ha⁻¹ (Annex 5B). On slopes steeper than 25% and using D2, FTY declined to 35.1 t ha⁻¹ under MT and 22.7 t ha⁻¹ under ZT, clearly evidencing a yield penalty associated with both tillage system and terrain slope. Nevertheless, even under steeper slope conditions, MT maintained higher productivity compared with ZT. Figure 7. Fresh tuber yield (FTY) of the 18 potato demonstration plots (E1–E18) established with farmers in Chugay–La Libertad, under zero tillage (ZT) and minimum tillage (MT) and at two planting densities of 3.7 (D1) and 5.6 (D2) plants m⁻². The resulting treatment combinations were MT+D1 (brown), MT+D2 (orange), ZT+D2 (dark gray), and ZT+D1 (light gray). The horizontal dashed line represents the national average FTY in 2024. ABSTRACT | Page 15 of 26 CGIAR Figure 8. Net benefit (USD ha⁻¹, A) and benefit–cost ratio (BCR, B) of the 18 demonstration trials (E1–E18) in the district of Chugay, La Libertad department. From an economic standpoint, six demonstration trials (E1–E5 and E7) were profitable (BCR > 1; Figure 8B), whereas the remaining trials did not achieve profitability (BCR < 1), mainly due to high production costs. These costs were largely attributable to the purchase of certified seed and to the specific trial conditions, which increased the per-unit production cost. In addition, the price obtained in the local market at harvest time reached USD 0.42 kg⁻¹, almost double that observed in the experimental trials, which allowed acceptable production revenues, particularly in the six trials mentioned. These results could have been further improved through appropriate post-harvest handling and storage management, enabling producers to capitalize on periods of higher market prices. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of complementing technical–productive performance with efficient cost management and marketing strategies to strengthen the system's economic sustainability. Finally, a maximum net benefit of USD 6,000 ha⁻¹ was achieved (Figure 8A) in demonstration plots under the MT + D2 treatment, evidencing the high economic potential of this technology for potato-based systems in the Andes. 3.3. Training for smallholder potato farmers and dissemination of technology A total of 554 smallholder farmers were trained, of whom 57.7% were men and 42.3% women (see Annex 6 for more details). In total, 22 training events were conducted, of which approximately 80% made use of the experimental and demonstration trials established in the field as hands-on learning spaces. These training activities were carried out in the hamlets of Canucubamba, El Progreso, Mushit, San Juan, among others, belonging to the district of Chugay, Sánchez Carrión Province, as well as in the hamlet of Huarimarca, Tayabamba district, Pataz province; all located in the department of La Libertad. In addition, training activities were conducted in the district of Lambayeque, province and department of the same name. As part of the promotion and dissemination activities for this technology, social media posts were developed that included illustrative videos of different activities carried out, from planting to harvest, as well as the results obtained in the demonstration plots. These audiovisual materials incorporated testimonials from participating farmers, highlighting CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 16 of 26 the benefits of the practices implemented (see Annex 7). Likewise, a feature article was published in AGROPERU magazine to broaden the dissemination of this sustainable technology among farmers and decision-makers (see link in Annex 7). Complementarily, a technical leaflet entitled “Potato production under mulch with minimum and zero tillage” was made available to technical staff and farmers (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175519). In addition, this technology was presented at the agricultural fair “FESTIPAPA,” held in the framework of National and World Potato Day, at the National University of Trujillo, where it generated strong interest among attendees, who valued its sustainable approach and applicability to improving productivity in high-Andean areas. Finally, under the leadership of the NGO Asociación Pataz, the initiative was submitted and won first place in the “ProActivo Awards 2025” in the “Large-Scale Mining” category (https://premiosproactivo.org/agricultura-regenerativa-andina- practicas-innovadoras-para-produccion-sostenible-en-la-libertad/). IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES This research provides evidence on the effectiveness of potato cultivation under minimum tillage (MT) and the use of vegetative mulch in improving the sustainability and productivity of potato-based systems in the Peruvian Northern Andean region. The core of our findings demonstrates that MT, when strategically combined with specific vegetative covers (mulching), constitutes a fundamental agronomic pillar for optimizing yields. The validation of this approach was conducted on two scales: controlled experimental trials and farmer-managed demonstration plots, thereby strengthening the external applicability of the results. At the experimental level, the combination of MT with mulch thicknesses of 0.2 and 0.3 m (M2 and M3) consistently emerged as the most effective, reaching a maximum yield of 23.9 t ha⁻¹ in Pampa del Cóndor. However, the most transformative potential was observed in the demonstration plots, which replicate real management conditions. The MT treatment with mulch at a planting density of 5.6 plants m⁻² (D2) produced an exceptional average yield of 42.0 t ha⁻¹, with peaks of up to 80.0 t ha⁻¹. This result not only underscores the technical feasibility of these practices but also reveals a critical synergy: MT, by preserving soil structure, and D2 mulching, by acting as both a physical barrier and a nutrient source, synergistically meet the crop’s water and nutrient requirements. This interaction is key to understanding the documented productivity gains. It should be noted that during the cropping period of the demonstration trials, accumulated rainfall was approximately 1,200 mm, which was 141.2% higher than during the cropping period of the experimental trials (~850 mm). This finding highlights the potential of this technology when complemented with irrigation water from harvested-water reservoirs, which is vital for adaptation to climate change–induced droughts and would help ensure high yields. Beyond yields, our study quantifies crucial ecological benefits. We confirmed that the MT system with mulching is an effective mechanism for conserving soil moisture and reducing the carbon footprint, and that it has potential for long-term carbon sequestration. Legume residues (faba bean and pea) and pine needles were identified as the most promising mulching materials, with the latter being of particular interest due to its potential to integrate productive agroforestry systems. It is important to highlight that, under the conditions of this study (short-term period), zero tillage showed disadvantages compared with conventional tillage, particularly in promoting weed growth. However, long-term studies are encouraged to provide insights into the potential benefit of ZT in other outcomes like soil C sequestration. The significance of these findings extends to socioeconomic and food security dimensions. The methodology validates a concrete alternative for the in-situ conservation of native varieties and the introduction of biofortified potatoes, strengthening resilience under adverse climate scenarios. Likewise, the training process involving 554 producers, with a significant participation of 234 women, sets a precedent for empowerment and gender inclusion in Andean agri-food systems. Looking ahead, this research delineates a promising work agenda. Key results that merit replication and verification in future cycles and similar ecological regions include: 1) the consistency of the positive MT + D2 interaction in achieving yields above 30 t ha⁻¹ on slopes below 25%, and 2) the effectiveness of pine needles as https://hdl.handle.net/10568/175519 https://premiosproactivo.org/agricultura-regenerativa-andina-practicas-innovadoras-para-produccion-sostenible-en-la-libertad/ https://premiosproactivo.org/agricultura-regenerativa-andina-practicas-innovadoras-para-produccion-sostenible-en-la-libertad/ ABSTRACT | Page 17 of 26 CGIAR mulch and their integration into profitable agroforestry models. The pending research agenda should address: i) the economic optimization of these practices at a larger scale, overcoming the current limitation of small plots (<150 m²); ii) long-term studies to monitor soil carbon dynamics and agroecosystem health; and iii) in-depth socio- anthropological research to understand the factors that facilitate or hinder the permanent adoption of these technologies, with particular attention to gender dynamics and local governance. The consolidation of this methodology as a viable alternative depends on addressing these questions. V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CGIAR Sustainable Science Program forms a part of CGIAR’s new Research Portfolio, addressing key challenges in agri-food systems by fostering efficient production of nutritious foods and safeguarding the environment to create fair employment opportunities, as we simultaneously tackle climate change, soil degradation, pests, diseases, and desertification. Its research is being implemented by CGIAR researchers from 13 CGIAR Research Centers, in close partnership with partners. This research was funded by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) through the fund for the promotion of innovation in agriculture (i4Ag), Agreement N◦: 81275993. The authors express their sincere gratitude to all potato farmers for their invaluable support in carrying out the experimental and demonstration trials in the hamlets of the Chugay district. Special acknowledgment is extended to engineers Luis Sempertegui, John Campos, William Huamanchay, and Cristian Villanueva for their valuable collaboration. We would like to thank all funders who supported this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund: https://www.cgiar.org/funders/ https://www.cgiar.org/funders/ CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 18 of 26 VI. REFERENCES Alvarez, S., Martínez, A.G., Zubieta, R., Ccanchi, Y. 2025. 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Nota de prensa: MIDAGRI: Más de 700 mil agricultores de 19 regiones sustentan la producción de papa en el país. https://www.gob.pe/es/n/1178150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105702 https://www.agroperu.pe/precios-en-chacra-en-picada-informe/ https://www.agroperu.pe/precios-en-chacra-en-picada-informe/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2026.128020 https://www.cimmyt.org/es/noticias/el-rastrojo-y-la-conservacion-de-los-suelos-en-oaxaca/ https://www.cimmyt.org/es/noticias/el-rastrojo-y-la-conservacion-de-los-suelos-en-oaxaca/ https://app.coolfarmtool.org/account/login/ https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1638.1 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394277-7.00004-X https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17772-1 https://www.gob.pe/es/n/1064254 https://www.inia.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/LegislacionSemillas/REGLAMENTODELALEYDESEMILLAS.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102345 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-025-10250-4 https://www.gob.pe/es/n/1178150 ABSTRACT | Page 19 of 26 CGIAR MINAM (Ministerio del Ambiente). 2023. Documento de Resultados del Inventario Nacional de Gases de Efecto Invernadero 2000-2019. https://infocarbono.minam.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Informe-INGEI-2019- VF_2.pdf Monzón, J.P., Mercau, J.L., Andrade, F.H. 2020. Agricultura conservacionista: Impacto sobre la eficiencia del uso del agua y los nutrientes. Ciencia del Suelo, 38(1), 47-55. Neelam, N., Rathee, R.K., Mishra, S.K. 2025. Unraveling the nexus between crop residue burning and air quality in Haryana state, India. Paddy and Water Environment, 23(1), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-024-01002-7 Oswald, A., De Haan, S., Sanchez, J., Ccanto, R. 2009. The complexity of simple tillage systems. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 147(4), 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859609008545 Paucar, B. 2019. Efecto del manejo químico y mecánico de malezas en papa y respuesta de de la arveja a la labranza reducida. Estación Experimental Santa Catalina. 11p. Pradel, W., Suarez, V., Ramírez, D., Rinza, J., Briceño, P., Otiniano, R., Donet, M. 2024. Scaling potential of mulching technologies in potato producers in Peruvian highlands. https://doi.org/10.4160/cip.2024.09.001 Ramírez, D.A., Hossain, M.M., Rahaman, E.S., Mestanza, C., Rinza, J., Ninanya, J., de Mendiburu, F., Loayza, H., Gatto, M., Kreuze, J.F. 2025. Potato production under zero tillage with rice straw mulching as a promissory technology to diversify rice-based systems in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 19, 101603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101603 Ramírez, D.A., Silva-Díaz, C., Ninanya, J., Carbajal, M., Rinza, J., Kakraliya, S.K., Gatto, M., Kreuze, J. 2022. Potato zero-tillage and mulching is promising in achieving agronomic gain in Asia. Agronomy, 12(7), 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071494 Rinza, J., Ramírez, D.A., Ninanya, J., De Mendiburu, F., García, J., Quiroz, R. 2022. Water saving using thermal imagery-based thresholds for timing irrigation in potatoes under drip and furrow irrigation systems. Agronomy, 12(12), 2921. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12122921 Rolando, J.L., Turin, C., Ramírez, D.A., Mares, V., Monerris, J., Quiroz, R. 2017. Key ecosystem services and ecological intensification of agriculture in the tropical high-Andean Puna as affected by land-use and climate changes. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 236, 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.010 Sánchez, M., Meza, R. 2015. Evaluación del rendimiento del cultivo de papa bajo la aplicación del riego deficitario (PRD) utilizando cintas de riego. Anales Científicos, 76 (1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v76i1.760 Sandaña, P., Kalazich, J. 2015. Attainable CO2 emission of ware potatoes under high yield conditions in southern Chile. American Journal of Potato Research, 92(3), 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9433-0 SENAMI (Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrologia). 2021. Climas del Perú: Mapa de Clasificación Climática. https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?&p=mapa-climatico-del-peru (accedido 25.01.2026). Sarangi, S., Maji, B., Sharma, P., Digar, S., Mahanta, k., Burman, D., Mandal, U., Mandal, S., Mainuddin, M. 2021. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivation by Zero Tillage and Paddy Straw Mulching in the Saline Soils of the Ganges Delta. Potato Research, 64, 277–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-020-09478-6 Vandamme, E., Rinza, J., Ramírez, D., Ninyana, J. 2023. Measurement of potato tuber yield at maturity by crop cut at plot level. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/134598 Zheng, S. L., Wang, L.J., Wan, N.X., Zhong, L., Zhou, S.M., He, W., & Yuan, J.C. 2016. Response of potato tuber number and spatial distribution to plant density in different growing seasons in Southwest China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00365 https://infocarbono.minam.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Informe-INGEI-2019-VF_2.pdf https://infocarbono.minam.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Informe-INGEI-2019-VF_2.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-024-01002-7 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859609008545 https://doi.org/10.4160/cip.2024.09.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101603 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071494 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12122921 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.010 https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v76i1.760 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9433-0 https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?&p=mapa-climatico-del-peru https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-020-09478-6 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/134598 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00365 CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 20 of 26 VII. ANNEX Annex 1. Weather conditions at La Soledad locality, Chugay - La Libertad from 2022 to 2025. In yellow corresponds to the crop development and tuber bulking stage of the 2024 experimental trials and the 2025 demonstration trials. Dataset: Rinza et al. 2026, https://doi.org/10.21223/BWELO8 Annex 2. Harvest of the experimental trial in the Santa Fe sector, Chugay district, La Libertad, showing all visitors the methodology used for weighing tubers (May 7th, 2024). https://doi.org/10.21223/BWELO8 ABSTRACT | Page 21 of 26 CGIAR Annex 3. Demonstration trial in the hamlet of El Progreso, Chugay district, La Libertad department, using faba bean residue as mulch. A) Planting, B) phytosanitary monitoring, and C) harvest. A) B) C) CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 22 of 26 Annex 4. Harvest of a demonstration plot in the hamlet of La Soledad (A) and Macullida (B), in Chugay, La Libertad, using pea residue and pine needles as mulch, respectively. Presentation of the potato crop using plant residue at the FESTIPAPA fair, Trujillo (C, 30-05-2025). A) B) C) ABSTRACT | Page 23 of 26 CGIAR Annex 5. Relationship between average fresh tuber yield (FTY) and terrain slope (%) across the 18 demonstration trials in Chugay, La Libertad, under minimum tillage (MT, A) and zero tillage (ZT, B), using different types of crop mulching and two planting densities. CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 24 of 26 Annex 6. List of beneficiary farmers by hamlet and gender trained on the importance and use of Conservation Agriculture practices. N° Departmet Province District Hamlet N° Beneficiary Female Male 1 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Arcopampa 35 7 28 2 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Canucubamba 67 43 24 3 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Chogollpaque 39 26 13 4 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Chugay 1 0 1 5 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay El Progreso 63 36 27 6 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Huaguil 15 11 4 7 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay La Soledad 23 3 20 8 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Las Colpas 27 13 14 9 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Licame 24 10 14 10 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Macullida 38 13 25 11 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Mushit 65 10 55 12 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Nuevo Huaycho 22 1 21 13 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Pampa el Cóndor 13 8 5 14 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Pishauli 20 9 11 15 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay San Juan 39 19 20 16 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay San Juan Alto 7 5 12 17 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Santa Fe 5 2 3 18 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Sitabal 17 0 17 19 La Libertad Pataz Tayabamba Huarimarca 13 12 1 20 La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Chugay Pampas Las Flores 2 1 1 21 Lambayeque Lambayeque Lambayeque Huerta Yesquen 6 2 4 22 Lambayeque Lambayeque Lambayeque Huerta Yesquen 8 1 7 Total 554 234 320 ABSTRACT | Page 25 of 26 CGIAR Annex 7. Main evidence of the promotion and dissemination activities carried out within the framework of the project. Description of dissemination activities (in Spanish) Link Potato cultivation under minimum and zero tillage with barley residue mulch, in the hamlet of San Juan, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://youtu.be/hvMgrLeLJJ4?si=3vyRNbnb1baARRAN Visit to a potato demonstration plot under minimum and zero tillage within a pine forest in the hamlet of San Juan, Chugay district, La Libertad. Interview with Eng. Enner Arias Medina https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcCJ4Mqe3io Farmer testimony on their experience establishing potato plots using crop residues or stubble in the hamlet of San Juan, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0UuE3HusQ&t= 374s Visit to a demonstration potato plot under minimum and zero tillage with barley/lupin (tarwi) mulch, using the Chaucha Redonda variety, in the hamlet of San Juan, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvMgrLeLJJ4 Visit to a demonstration potato plot under minimum and zero tillage with pea mulch, in the hamlet of La Soledad, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0fe3PxSUXI&t=10s A farmer’s experience during potato harvest under minimum and zero tillage using pine needles, in the hamlet of Macullida, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes- 140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry- activity-7334209951285870593- 3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_andr oid&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO- 29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k A farmer’s experience during potato harvest under minimum and zero tillage using pine needles, in the hamlet of San Juan, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes- 140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture- potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371- G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_andr oid&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO- 29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k Potato harvest from a demonstration trial within a pine forest in the hamlet of Macullida, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://youtu.be/YuDCbTvo-dA?si=T-z5IvbXb6LH2x8s Experimental potato trial using quinoa and wheat residues as mulch in the Santa Fe sector, Chugay district, La Libertad. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTpWMUyjS48 Presentation by M.Sc. Javier Rinza (CIP) at the virtual seminar on agronomic innovation, organized by the Andean Initiative of CIP (June 10, 2025) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJMaP_FBqEo Minimum-tillage planting with pea mulch in the hamlet of Piedra Grande, Chugay District, La Libertad https://youtu.be/SUk9eBkCMFo?si=gotZLSpcy0FoKkU8 Publication in AGROPERÚ magazine (No. 57) on the occasion of National and International Potato Day (May 30, 2025): ‘Potato production with mulching and minimum tillage, highlighting sustainable agronomic practices.’ (see pages 32–34). https://www.agroperu.pe/wp- content/uploads/2025/05/agroperu_revista_edicion- n57.pdf https://youtu.be/hvMgrLeLJJ4?si=3vyRNbnb1baARRAN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcCJ4Mqe3io https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0UuE3HusQ&t=374s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0UuE3HusQ&t=374s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvMgrLeLJJ4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0fe3PxSUXI&t=10s https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry-activity-7334209951285870593-3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry-activity-7334209951285870593-3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry-activity-7334209951285870593-3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry-activity-7334209951285870593-3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry-activity-7334209951285870593-3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_internationalpotatoday-potatoagroforestry-activity-7334209951285870593-3PEc?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture-potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371-G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture-potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371-G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture-potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371-G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture-potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371-G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture-potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371-G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://www.linkedin.com/posts/david-ramirez-collantes-140ab0136_agroforestry-regenerativeagriculture-potatofarming-activity-7331478789618618371-G1Vv?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_android&rcm=ACoAACFEE8AB8awyO-29vpkmpHWf2sBB41q2j3k https://youtu.be/YuDCbTvo-dA?si=T-z5IvbXb6LH2x8s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTpWMUyjS48 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJMaP_FBqEo https://youtu.be/SUk9eBkCMFo?si=gotZLSpcy0FoKkU8 https://www.agroperu.pe/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/agroperu_revista_edicion-n57.pdf https://www.agroperu.pe/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/agroperu_revista_edicion-n57.pdf https://www.agroperu.pe/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/agroperu_revista_edicion-n57.pdf CGIAR ABSTRACT | Page 26 of 26 The CGIAR Sustainable Science Program forms a part of CGIAR’s new Research Portfolio, addressing key challenges in agri- food systems by fostering efficient production of nutritious foods and safeguarding the environment to create fair employment opportunities, as we simultaneously tackle climate change, soil degradation, pests, diseases, and desertification. Its research is being implemented by CGIAR researchers from 13 CGIAR Research Centers, in close partnership with partners. This research was funded by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) through the fund for the promotion of innovation in agriculture (i4Ag), Agreement N◦: 81275993. The authors express their sincere gratitude to all potato farmers for their invaluable support in carrying out the experimental and demonstration trials in the hamlets of the Chugay district. Special acknowledgment is extended to engineers Luis Sempertegui, John Campos, William Huamanchay, and Cristian Villanueva for their valuable collaboration.