JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE TOCANTINS BRAZIL FOREST* DEFORESTATION (up to 2019) SAVANNA AND FOREST** DEGRADATION (up to 2018)** NO FOREST * Amazon blome LOW-EMISSION RURAL DEVELOPMENT DRIVERS OF Large-scale cattle ranching ** Cerrado blomeDEFORESTATION (LED-R) AT A GLANCE Small-scale cattle ranching Large-scale agriculture • Newest Brazilian state, located in the Tocantins-Araguaia Small-scale agriculture Hydrographic Region (largest watershed entirely within Brazilian Fire PALMAS territory) Transportation infrastructure • Comprised of Amazon (13%) & Cerrado (87%) biomes, each with Small-scale illegal logging Data sources: distinct environmental policies & governance Socio-economic: IBGE Small-scale coal mining Deforestation: PRODES • Part of NE Brazil’s MATOPIBA region: agricultural frontier of AVERAGE ANNUAL 0.56 Mt CO2 (2010-2015) Cerrado spanning Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, & Bahia states EMISSIONS FROM Includes above-ground biomass, DEFORESTATION below-ground biomass, & litter • Agriculture & ranching represent majority of land use; private AREA 277,721 km2 landowners active in soy & livestock sectors influence local & POPULATION 1,573,984 (2018) national politics HDI 69.90 (2010) 6 Deforestation GDP 31,576 30,000 GDP USD 7.94 billion (2015, Base year FREL • 2008-2017: 947,287 ha of natural forest converted to soy & 2010) 4 livestock areas 20,000GINI 0.504 (2015) • 3rd ranking state in terms of number of contracts under the MAIN ECONOMIC Public services 2 10,000 national Low-Carbon Agriculture Plan (ABC), with 784 contracts ACTIVITIES Trade (signed 2018-2019) totaling ~USD 44 million in finance 0 0 Services 96 979 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 191 20 SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION The Integrated Sustainable Regional Development Project (PDRIS) environmental education statewide. PDRIS offers loans to different is Tocantins’ umbrella program for offering loans to support various state secretariats (SEMARH, SEAGRO, SEPLAN) to develop programs state secretaries and policies. Since the project’s inception in 2012, the relevant to their respective scopes of work. For example, PDRIS finances World Bank anticipated that the US$ 300 million loan would directly SEPLAN’s Socioeconomic Impact Evaluations (AISA), and contributed to benefit 300,000 people in 72 counties — aiming to address some of the the development and updating of state environmental policies, including challenges that Tocantins faces as a relatively new state. Financed by the SCCL and forthcoming PES policy. PDRIS also includes a Plan for IP the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (PPI), which regulates social and environmental impact assessments, and implemented by the State Secretariat of Finance and Planning and monitoring and evaluation plans, for projects affecting IP in select (SEFAZ), PDRIS aims to improve transportation infrastructure and communities. PDRIS funds are also supporting development of the support development that is balanced throughout the state, rather than jurisdictional REDD+ program and a state MRV system, including forest concentrated in certain areas. To meet these objectives, PDRIS creates inventories aligned with the Brazilian Cerrado FREL, proposed baseline, employment opportunities and promotes activities that strengthen and benefit-sharing scenarios. TIMELINE OF State Water Resources Policy established Program for Environmental Regularization IMPORTANT EVENTS Tocantins State created in of Rural Properties & Activities createdsplit from Goiás State Tax on Circulation of Goods & Services (Ecological ICMS) created State Program for Environmental Management State Environmental Policy & of Municipalities (PEGAM) created Environmental Council (COEMA) State System of Nature created Conservation Units (SEUC) established Joined Governors’ Climate & Forests (GCF) Task Force State Forest Policy enacted, State Climate Change Forum Initial expansion of Tocantins Sustainable Livestock defining legal reserves on (FEMC) created agricultural sector, after Forum & Working Group createdprivate lands & delineating history of extractive State Climate Change, Environmental protected areas Automated online system industry dominance Conservation & Sustainable Development Law (SCCL) enacted for licensing of low-impact (mainly gold mining) environmental activities (Simplifica Verde) developed 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 PLEDGES & Rio Branco Declaration1 COMMITMENTS ◆ ◆ P art of international State Low Carbon agreement or forum 2 1 Reduce deforestation 80% below JURISDICTIONAL Agriculture Plan (ABC-TO) baseline. 2 Avoid 8.5-10.5 million tons Under2 MOU3 CO2 emissions from agricultural activities. ◆ 3 Limit emissions 80-95% below 1990 levels [reduce annual deforestation in Cerrado 40% below 1999-2008 average by Nationally Determined 2020, zero illegal deforestation by 2050]. 4 4 Reduce GHG emissions 37% below NATIONAL Contribution (NDC) to UNFCCC ◆ 2005 level. 5 Contribute to national goal: Bonn Challenge5 ◆ Restore 12 million ha deforested land. 2 HUNDREDS OF Km 3.2 2.7 5.8 2.2 2.4 1.9 2.1 1.6 1.6 2.7 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 MILLIONS BRL KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES Rural Environmental Registry (CAR): Legal Tocantins Project BILATERAL STATE Rural landowners, state PUBLIC1 PUBLIC2, 3 government Improved deforestation monitoring & control in 96 counties STATE Sustainable Field Project (Campo Sustentável) MULTILATERAL PUBLIC 3,5 NATIONAL OTHER4 Rural landownersNON- Promote & pilot sustainable agricultural practices (e.g., agroforestry), incl. through PROFIT6 technical assistance, MRV, business plans Tax on Circulation of Goods & Services (Ecological ICMS) STATE PUBLIC7 STATE State & municipal PUBLIC2 Shared tax revenue from state to municipal level for conservation & protected area governments management State Low-Carbon Agriculture Plan (ABC-TO) NATIONAL STATE PUBLIC8 PUBLIC5 Rural landownersPromote reduction of GHG emissions from agriculture, increase production & income, preserve natural resources 1 Amazon Fund, 2 Tocantins Nature Institute (Naturatins), 3 State Secretary of Environment & Water Resources (SEMARH), 4 NICFI-UNDP/GCF-TF, 5 Secretary of Agriculture, Cattle Ranching & Aquaculture (SEAGRO), 6 Institute of Conservation and Sustainable Development (IDESAM), 7 State treasury, 8 Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) PROGRESS TO JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES Integrated LED-R • Jurisdictional REDD+ program (under development) will cover both Amazon & Cerrado biomes, & align state CHALLENGES Strategy targets & policies, including national & international technical & political requirements • Frequent administrative turnover • PPCDQ-TO encompasses both Cerrado & Amazon regions, but resources are available at project rather than impacts continuity of policies & jurisdictional level programs Spatial plan • State Ecological-Economic Zoning Plan (ZEE) passed into law (2012) as microzoning; a detailed ZEE is in final • Political pressure from commodity development & review stages, & will determine investments in degraded areas producers & purchasers to expand • Recognition of indigenous peoples (IP) & local community (LC) rights & territories outlined in ZEE can become law following ZEE publication agricultural & livestock areas, • 92% of property area requiring registration is already registered in the CAR, though there is some overlap without territorial planning to between recognized quilombola lands & titled private properties control & regulate expansion Performance • PPCDQ-TO sets deforestation reduction targets for Amazon (75-80%) & Cerrado (zero illegal deforestation); • Even with incentives (e.g., targets however, targets are not timebound (therefore, difficult to monitor progress) ICMS), counties face difficulties • Governmental Working Group established to propose LED-R targets through multi-stakeholder dialogues, to establishing strong environmental convene in 2020 policies due to inadequate Monitoring, • National Amazon deforestation data publicly available (PRODES & DETER); INPE PRODES-Cerrado tool monitors technical capacity &/or conflicting reporting & Cerrado conversion to other uses (annual) priorities verification (MRV) • Environmental Management Intelligence Center (CIGMA) under development • Despite high number of rural finance contracts, high interest Policies & • SCCL establishes objectives & guidelines for reducing carbon emissions, including economic instruments to incentives promote sustainable development rates, poor technical assistance, • Despite relatively high amount of rural finance contracts through ABC-TO, there is no system for monitoring & rigid bank requirements hinder emissions reductions producer access Multi-stakeholder • COEMA convenes federal, state, & civil society actors to approve & monitor all state environmental policies; OPPORTUNITIES governance meets regularly & publishes minutes online • FEMC initiates consultation process for defining targets • SCCL is being revised to • State Water Resources Council convenes federal, state, & civil society actors to approve & monitor the state accommodate PES & REDD+ water resource policy & its instruments (e.g., watershed committees as a tool for decentralized management) mechanisms Sustainable • Soy & beef from Tocantins carry high deforestation risk (legal & illegal) – reputational risk for commodity- • State Climate Change & agriculture purchasing companies Environmental Services Policy, • Development of aquaculture industry (production increased 177% from 2010-2017) aims to increase low- in legislative approval process, emission protein production in already-degraded areas & water bodies, reducing pressure for cattle expansion • Campo Sustentável (Sustainable Field) project promotes integrated agroforestry production systems will implement a statewide PES system, including a jurisdictional Indigenous • Free, prior & informed consent (FPIC) is irregularly conducted in licensing processes, leading to conflicts between REDD+ program peoples & local IP, public & productive agricultural sectors communities • Almost all of the state’s 12 IP territories are titled; however, land tenure conflicts persist • Renewable energy sector with full potential to achieve identified LED-R finance • Pró-Solar Program offers economic incentives (e.g., tax exemption) to civil society, counties & investors for reduction targets (Tocantins State generation & use of solar energy Solar Energy Atlas) • In 2018, 135 of the state’s 139 counties received benefits through the Ecological ICMS for positive environmental • Implementation of zero-illegal performance deforestation commitments could C ITATION | M. de los Rios, A.C. Crisostomo, O. David, C. Stickler. 2020. “Tocantins, Brazil” in C. Stickler et al. (Eds.), in The State of mitigate reputational risks for Jurisdictional Sustainability. San Francisco, CA: EII; Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR; Boulder, CO: GCF-TF. sourcing companies COMPLETE REFERENCES & DATA SOURCES PROVIDED AT www.earthinnovation.org/state-of-jurisdictional-sustainability • Tocantins State is collaborating 2020/12/30 TECHNICAL TEAM SUPPORTED BY with other MATOPIBA states to Supported by: develop a regional sustainable development strategy Earth Innovation Institute based on a decision of the German Bundestag