I '~)' ,..,. ':'> ~.:;JI , C c: -, '3, 'J.­ ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS IN A CHANGE-ORIENTED ORGANIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL IRRIGATION ADMINISTRATION OF THE PHILIPPINES KHIN MAUNG KYI in collaboration with C.M. WIJAYARATNA CHARLES NIJMAN and TILAK KURUPPUARACHCHI -;. IlMl ~ 631.7.8 I GOOO KYI I r I f\t\ I TABLE OF CONTENTS 63 i, 1 ~ .>\ (; 0 List of Figures .................................................... v List of Tables .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. vi List of Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Acknowledgement ................................................. x Executive Summary ............................................... xii Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................... , 1 Chapter 2 The Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Research Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Three Causal Models ............................... 9 Chapter 3 Research Design ....................................... 15 Operationalization of Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 Pre-testing and Improvement of Instruments ............. 21 Ch,lpter 4 Field Research and Instrumentation ........................ 30 Sam pIe Design .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 Field Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 Construction of Relevant Scales and Indices. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 Organization of Indices into Concepts of Variables. . . . . . . .. 36 Convergence Methods .............................. 41 Reliability and Validity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Text Box Click here to download the full document http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_1.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_2.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_3.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_4.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938.pdf Chapter 5 Findings: Micro Organizational Analysis .................... 48 Indices of Organizational Structure and Processes ......... 49 Consistency between Factor Patterns and Organizational Organizational Design Indices Among Different Work Cross Tabulation by Location and Type of Work Testing the Causal Model of the Organizational Design Comparison with Benchmark ........................ , 52 Design Indices ............................... 55 Units ...................................... 58 Units ................................. 60 Cross Tabulations of Factor Results ............... 65 Patterns of Interrelationships Among Various Variables. . . .. 69 Performance and Prior Variables ...................... 79 Indices .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82 Summary of the Chapter ............................ 89 Chapter 6 Findings: Job Design, Individual Motivation and Satisfaction. . .. 92 Comparison With Other Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Work Culture in NIA as depicted by Basic Statistics. . . . . . .. 94 Job Design Indices and Work Unit Characteristics ......... 102 Location of Units ............................. 102 Organization Type ............................ 105 Ranks of Respondents ......................... 109 Nature of Job ................................ 112 The Summary and Questions Raised .............. 116 Patterns of Relationships among Job Design Indices ........ 118 Causal Models of Job Design Indices: Unit-wise Regression Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Questions Raised and Implications ..................... 126 11 dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Line http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_5.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_6.pdf Chapter 7 Organizational and Environmental Variables and Micro Unit Performance ...................................... 128 Administrative Development ......................... 129 The Background and Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Introduction of Performance Oriented Approach .......... 131 Statement of the Problem ........................... 134 Characteristics of Performance Study Units .............. 136 Structure Variables and Performance ................... 140 Organizational Variables and Performance ............... 142 Inter Unit Relationship and Organizational Performance .... 147 Problems and Dysfunctions of Performance Measures ...... 149 Conclusion ....................................... 152 Chapter 8 Macro Perspective of Organizational Process ................. 153 Development of the National Irrigation Administration in the Philippines .................................. 153 Evolution of New Financial Responsibility ............... 155 Domain of Business and Strategic Planning .............. 157 Emerging Domains of Business ....................... 158 Strategic Corporate Planning in NIA ................... 160 Corporate Performance .............................. 162 Viability, Accountability and Strategic Domain ............ 172 Chapter 9 Emerging Patterns and Conclusions ........................ 177 Accountability and Strategic Domain ................... 177 Functions and Dysfunctions of Performance Measures ...... 181 Work Culture and Organizational Dynamics ............. 186 Preferences, Motivation and Alienation ................. 186 Authority and Participation in the Work Culture of NIA .... 188 System Management and Total Approach ............... 194 References .................................................. .... 200 Appendix A Field Research Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A-I Appendix B The Test of Consistency between Organizational Design Indices and Factor Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. B-1 Appendix C Basic Statistic of Organizational Design Indices and Question Items, National Irrigation Administration, Philippines .................................... C-1 III dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Line dsanjeewani Line http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_7.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_8.pdf http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Chapter_9.pdf Appendix D Financial Performance Indicators .................. . D-1 Appendix E Operating Ratios for the Years 1980-1989 ............. . E-1 . . Appendix F Q uestlonnarres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . F-1 iv dsanjeewani Line http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010938_Appendix.pdf List of Figures Figure 2.1 A macro model of management behaviour and performance in irrigation organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 Figure 2.2 Micro management model Figure 5.2 Diagrammatic presentations of zero-order correlations ................................ 12 Figure 2.3 Individual level job design model .......................... , 13 Figure 5.1 Causal order of variable groupings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 among selected indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83 Figure 9.1 Value chain of National Irrigation Systems in the Philippines ...... 197 v List of Tables Table 3.1 Indices in organizational unit design· ....................... , 16 Table 3.2 Job design indices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19 Table 3.3 Characteristics of pretest sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 Table 4.1 N umber of work units classified by different types of work units and by location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 Table 4.2 Characteristics of sample selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 Table 4.3 Number of questionnaires collected in each category national irrigation administration, the philippines .............. 35 Table 4.4 Basic variables and component indices in organization design indices ............................. 38 Table 4.5 Basic variables and component indices in job design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 Table 4.6 Reliability test of organizational design indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44 Table 4.7 Reliability index for job design indices .............. . . . . . . . .. 46 Table 5.1 Means and standard deviations of organizational design indices in National Irrigation Administration, Philippines. ................ 50 Table 5.2 Comparative results of organization design indices in the National Irrigation Administration and previous OAl studies ........................................... 53 Table 5.3 Comparison between factors identified and original organizational design indices .................... 56 Table 5.4 Organizational design characteristics by location of offices . . . . . . .. 60 Table 5.5 Organizational characteristics by type of work unit ............. 62 Table 5.6 Organizational factors by location of offices and units ........... 66 Table 5.7 Organizational factors by type of work units .................. 68 vi Table 5.8 Inter correlations between indices in organizational design categories by variable groupings .......... . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 Table 5.9 Number of inter correlations observed in both inside and outside each groupings .......................... 78 Table 5.10 Zero order inter correlations between perceived unit performance and independent variables .......... 81 Table 5.11 Analysis of R2 effects in the hierarchical multiple regression of organizational design indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84 Table 5.12 B coefficient of hierarchical multiple regression on selected organizational indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 86 Table 6.1 Comparison of results of job design indices with those of previous researches .......................... , 93 Table 6.2 Basic statistics of job design indices and question items National Irrigation Administration, the Philippines ............. 95 Table 6.3 Job design indices as scores cross classified by region and central office ............................... 103 Table 6.4 Job design indices cross classified by type of organization ­ National Irrigation Administration, the Philippines ............. 106 Table 6.5 Job design indices by rank of the jobs ­ National Irrigation Administration, the Philippines ............. 110 Table 6.6 Job design indices by nature of job ­ National Irrigation Administration, the Philippines ............. 113 Table 6.7 Inter correlation between job design indices ................... 119 Table 6.8 Regression analysis of job design indices of work units .......... 124 Table 6.9 Regression analysis of job design indices and work motivation in work units .......................................... 125 Table 7.1 Characteristics of the sample irrigation systems as at end 1989 ..................................... 137 vii Table 7.2 Relative performance of three regions with regard to financial viability index for the last five years .................. 139 Table 8.2 A comparison between incremental area (1980-89) and the Table 8.4 A comparison of operating expenses and income for the years Table 8.6 A comparison of financial performance indicators for the Table 7.3 Results of step-wise regression of organizational and job design indices on viability index ......................... 144 Table 7.5 Index of intensity of interaction with external units by region (Shown as percent of total interunit interactions) .......... 148 Table 7.6 Index of intensity of interaction with external units by region and by system type (Shown as per cent of total interunit interactions) ........................................... 148 Table 8.1 Targets in various versions of the corporate plan ............... 162 new area constructed under the plan ........................ 163 Table 8.3 The total organizational performance ratios ................... 164 1985-1989 (in thousand pesos) .............................. 167 Table 8.5 A comparison of operating ratios for the years 1980-1989 ......... 169 years (1985-1989) ........................................ 170 viii