1 Production of Resilient Rice Seed Varieties and the GEM Parboiling System in Côte d’Ivoire An Outcome Case Study Report TAAT Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning System December 2021 2 3 The designations employed and presentation of material in this TAAT MEL Working Document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TAAT concerning the legal or development status of Côte d’Ivoire, its territory, province, district, ward or its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. Production of Resilient Rice Seed Varieties and TAAT encourages the use, reproduction, wide dissemination of its printed and electronic the GEM Parboiling System in Côte d’Ivoire versions in this information product. Findings in this working document aim to inform the public on the outcome of TAAT- Rice Commodity Compact’s intervention in Côte d’Ivoire An Outcome Case Study Report through Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning practices and processes to users are invited to freely quote this document provided that the source is referenced using the correct citation. DISCLAIMER This working paper has been prepared as a deliverable for the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of the TAAT program and has not been peer-reviewed. Opinions stated herein are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the points of view of the TAAT program. All pictures in TAAT MEL Working Document No. 004 this TAAT MEL Working Document remain the sole property of the TAAT and may not be used for any purpose without the written permission of the source. Rachel Zozo Sabra Lewis Kennedy Kago Atayi Opaluwah Website: https://taat-africa.org TAAT MEL Working Document No. 004 Oluwatoyin Adetunji Ernest Asiedu Acknowledgement Aminou Arouna Sali Atanga Ndindeng Sidi Sanyang This study was led by the TAAT M&E Specialist with the support of the TAAT Value Chain Specialist, TAAT Communication Specialist and the TAAT MEL Assistant in partnership with the Bah Saidu TAAT Rice Compact team. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Rachidi Aboudou Foundation through the Clearinghouse Unit for funding this study. We also acknowledge the Innocent Musabyimana Management Team of AfricaRice in Abidjan and the AfricaRice Research Station in M’be, for the logistical support. We acknowledge the unreserved collaboration by all field staff, TAAT Rice Compact stakeholders, and beneficiaries in Côte d’Ivoire for dedicating lengthy period of time Correct citation: during the study. Zozo, R., Lewis, S., Kago, K., Opaluwah, A., Adetunji, O., Asiedu, E., Arouna., A., Ndindeng, S.A., Sanyang, S., Saidu, B., Aboudou, R., and Musabyimana, I. 2021. Report of the Rice Outcome Case Study Seed Production of Resilient Rice Varieties and the GEM Parboiling System in Côte d’Ivoire. 28p. TAAT MEL Working Document No.004 Copyright © TAAT 2021 4 5 contents Certified ......................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2.2. Output 2: Increased participation of women in outreach and ............................ 20 4.2.3. Output 3: Improved knowledge of farmers on GAP and crop management ... 21 4.2.4. Output 4: Improved knowledge of IP members on the new GEM parboiling .. 21 Production of Resilient Rice Seed Varieties and the GEM Parboiling System in Côte 4.3. Immediate Outcomes of TAAT Rice Compact interventions .................................... 22 d’Ivoire ........................................................................................................................................... 4 4.3.1. Enhanced the capacity of seed .................................................................................... 22 TAAT MEL Working Document No. 004 ................................................................................. 4 4.3.1.1. Seed certification ........................................................................................................ 23 Correct citation: ........................................................................................................................... 4 4.3.1.2. Establishing a Consortium of Seed Enterprises and Millers (COSEM-Riz) .... 23 Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... 5 4.3.1.3. Partnerships fit for purpose for seed production .............................................. 24 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 8 4.3.2. Improved rice production and post- .......................................................................... 26 Background ................................................................................................................................. 9 4.3.3. Enhanced good post-harvest using the new GEM parboiling system ............... 26 Table 4. GEM Parboil System Cost-Benefit Analysis ........................................................... 28 1. About TAAT Rice Compact .............................................................................................. 9 4.4 Intermediate Outcomes validated in Côte d’Ivoire ..................................................... 29 1.1. TAAT Rice Compact achievements ................................................................................ 11 4.4.1 Increased rice productivity .......................................................................................... 29 1.2. Operationalization of the Rice Compact in Côte d’Ivoire .......................................... 12 Productivity of improved climate-smart and hybrids varieties ....................................... 29 Management ................................................................................................................................ 12 (MT/ha) : ....................................................................................................................................... 29 assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 12 Table 5. Value chain actors’ variety preference ................................................................... 30 lmplementation assumptions ................................................................................................ 12 4.4.2 Increased Income ............................................................................................................ 31 Table 1. Rice cropping season in Côte d’Ivoire .................................................................... 13 4.4.3. Created jobs .................................................................................................................... 31 Planting ......................................................................................................................................... 13 5. Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 32 Harvesting .................................................................................................................................... 13 6. A success story of sustainable Public-Private Partnership ............................. 34 Table 2. Characteristics of the rice production system in Côte d’Ivoire ........................ 13 Reference .................................................................................................................................... 36 Indicator ........................................................................................................................................ 13 List of Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 37 Rainfed upland System ............................................................................................................. 13 Appendix 1. The TAAT Rice Compact partnership mapping ............................................ 37 Rainfed lowland System ............................................................................................................ 13 Appendix 2. TAAT Rice Compact Profiles of the Compact Team .................................... 39 Irrigated System .......................................................................................................................... 13 Appendix 3. Profile of the TAAT Partners for the FGDs .................................................... 39 1.3. Strengthening the rice delivery infrastructure through public-private Appendix 4. Individual Interviews ........................................................................................... 40 partnerships ............................................................................................................................... 14 Appendix 5. The TAAT Rice Compact validated Theory of Change ................................ 41 1.4. TAAT Rice Outcome Case Study Areas ........................................................................ 15 Appendix 6. The TAAT Rice Compact refined Results Chain ............................................ 41 1.5. TAAT Rice Compact Technologies .................................................................................. 15 Appendix 7. Inputs distribution for beneficiaries ............................................................... 42 2. Objectives of the Outcome Case Study ................................................................... 15 Appendix 8. Cost of processing of parboiling rice .............................................................. 43 3. Methodology used for Outcome Case Study .......................................................... 15 1USD=557 FCFA at the time of the study ............................................................................. 43 4. Findings from the Outcome Case Study .................................................................. 17 Appendix 9. Investment cost of selling rice (Wholesale) ................................................... 44 4.1. Inputs supporting Compact interventions .................................................................. 18 CBR ................................................................................................................................................. 44 4.2. Outputs of TAAT Rice Compact interventions ............................................................ 19 0.29 ................................................................................................................................................ 44 4.2.1. Output 1: Production of climate-smart rice variety seed ..................................... 19 0.25 ................................................................................................................................................ 44 Table 3. The TAAT Rice Compact Covid-19 emergency response seed initiative ....... 20 0.22 ................................................................................................................................................ 44 Country .......................................................................................................................................... 20 1USD=557 FCFA at the time of the study ............................................................................. 44 Breeder ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix 10. Value Chain Actors Characterization in Côte d’Ivoire ............................... 45 Foundation ................................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix 11. Improved climate-smart and hybrid rice seed specifications ................ 46 Source: The Rice Compact seed road map, 2020 .............................................................. 46 6 7 Executive Summary farm and post-harvest techniques. Background an intervention’s ability to achieve results. It is learning from past actions to improve the The TAAT Rice Value Chain Compact was officially planning and implementation of future actions The Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation launched, 6-7 September 2018, at the AfricaRice TAAT is not a research program but is rather an and translating them into new initiatives that (TAAT) is a program initiated by the African Development Research Station n in M’bé near Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, initiative to promote and disseminate proven high- serve as the basis for Learning. Lessons learned Bank (AfDB) aiming to increase agricultural productivity with a focus on contributing to the African Development performance food production technologies from reveal good and/or bad practices and why through the deployment of proven and high- Bank’s (AfDB) ‘Feed Africa’ initiative by accelerating research to millions of farmers for commercial different programmatic strategies work and performance agricultural technologies across 31 the deployment of impactful rice technologies, sustainability through a network of partners forming others do not work. Learning is garnered from Regional Member Countries (RMCs) along selected value innovations and products along rice value chains. The a Regional Technology Delivery Infrastructure (RTDI). field reports by TAAT Compacts and is validated chains namely, rice, maize, cassava, wheat, sorghum and TAAT Rice Compact in Côte d’Ivoire used its existing It involves collaboration between the AfDB and other through a sampling of field visits that results millet, orange-flesh sweet potato, high-iron beans, small regional delivery infrastructure of partnerships with developmental partners such as the World Bank, in outcome case studies in select countries. ruminants and poultry, and aquaculture. TAAT demands key stakeholder groups at the national and grassroots The International Fund for Agricultural Development Outcome case studies are conducted against a robust Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning system level to accelerate the deployment of modern rice (IFAD), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the reported outputs and outcomes through premised on a theory of change and processes that technologies. Partners involved in the rice Compact’s Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), evidence-based analysis. This report presents foster adaptive program implementation and learning. delivery infrastructure include the National Agricultural United States Agency for International Development results from an outcome case study on the “Learning” in TAAT is done through analysis of technical Research and Extension Systems (NARES), private sector (USAID), European Union (EU), and the Department TAAT Rice Compact’s activities in Côte d’Ivoire. reports by TAAT “Compact” agriculture experts and are partners such as seed enterprises and millers, farmer for International Development (DfID) among others. The outcome case study data was collected subsequently validated through a sample of outcome groups, and other development partners, to name a through a 5-day field visit undertaken by the case studies. This report presents findings from a 2021 few. TAAT operates as a network of interacting «Compacts» TAAT MEL and TAAT Communications Specialist outcome case study on results reported by the TAAT with nine devoted to specific commodity value chains in partnership with the TAAT Rice Compact team Rice Compact activities in Côte d’Ivoire. Supporting the need for accelerated deployment of and six others serving as «Enablers» that provide conducted between June 21 and June 26, 2021. modern rice varieties, the TAAT Rice Compact used needed specialist services. The nine (9) value chain The TAAT Rice Compact is coordinated by AfricaRice and established stakeholder Innovation Platforms (IPs) Compacts are rice, maize, cassava, wheat, sorghum operates in eight (8) focus countries and seven (7) spill- developed under the previous Support to Agricultural and millet, orange-flesh sweet potato, high-iron beans, 1. About TAAT Rice over countries across the continent. The focus of TAAT Research for Development of Strategic Crops in Africa small ruminants and poultry, and aquaculture. The six Rice Compact is to reduce rice imports into Africa and (SARD-SC) project funded by the African Development (6) Enabler Compacts are soil fertility management, Compact to promote and rice sector on the continent that rivals Bank from 2012 to 2017, to enhance partnerships along water management, capacity building, seed policy, imports through the deployment of modern agriculture with the rice sector development hubs and the Africa- fall army worm control and youth in agribusiness The TAAT Rice Compact is coordinated by innovations (technology toolkits) that increase farmers’ wide Rice Task Forces in order to provide a conducive Compacts. AfricaRice and operates in eight (8) focus productivity and post-harvesting of rice products. environment supporting further and accelerated Technical coordination of the program is provided by countries (Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, The TAAT Rice Compact deploys modern technology deployment through TAAT of (i) improved climate- the TAAT Clearinghouse. The Clearinghouse serves as Senegal, Cameroun, Uganda, Madagascar) packages that support the farming of three rice varietal smart rice varieties and hybrids, (ii) post-harvest GEM an honest broker in the identification and assessment having spill-over into eight (8) countries (Burkina lines: (i) New Rice for Africa (NERICA), (ii) Advanced Parboiling Technology; (iii) ASI thresher mechanization; of «proven» technologies and products that are ready Faso, CAR, Ethiopia, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Rice Varieties for Africa (ARICA), and (iii) ORYLUX and (iv) Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs). By leveraging for widespread dissemination, as well as linking these Niger, Togo) across the continent. The AfricaRice (aromatic) varieties. To date, AfricaRice has released existing partners, the TAAT Rice Compact made technical opportunities to wider national development is the leading Pan-African Research Organisation over 68 varieties under these varietal lines. To ensure substantial contributions to improving the rice value agendas. The Clearinghouse links proven agricultural on the continent with a mission to contribute proper farming techniques used on these modern chain infrastructure in Côte d’Ivoire. technologies with national priorities to scale towards poverty alleviation and food security varieties, deployment of these improved rice varieties deployment of modern technologies with countries in Africa through research, development, is complimented by training on Good Agricultural as the key partners providing sustainable support and partnerships. AfricaRice activities aim to Practices (GAPs), highlighting the importance of proper to their value chains. The Clearinghouse facilitates increase productivity and profitability of the rice scaling up by examining TAAT interventions in specific sector in ways that ensure the sustainability agricultural value chains in various countries and of the farming environment. AfricaRice is an assembling «technology toolkits» that could be used autonomous intergovernmental research across similar agro-ecological zones by countries seeking to transform their agriculture sectors, thus providing an opportunity to duplicate successful demand-driven interventions in one location to other locations. Since June 2018, TAAT Compacts have launched technology deployment campaigns in 28 African countries. Given the complexity and breadth of TAAT, it should come as no surprise that having a monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) system in place is critical first, to ensure timely monitoring against key indicators that show implementation progress, and second to foster a culture of “learning” that serves to improve program implementation. Learning in MEL is the process through which information generated from M&E activities is reflected upon and intentionally used to continuously improve the performance of The TAAT MEL team with one of the partners of the Resilient rice seed variety oan the field TAAT Rice Compact 8 9 organization with 28 African member countries covering Environment for Agricultural Transformation (ii) Develop West, Central, East, and North Africa, and it is also a A Regional Technology Delivery Infrastructure, (iii) Deploy member of the Consultative Group on International Transformative Proven Technologies and (iv) Efficient Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Coordination and Management of the Compact. The focus of the TAAT Rice Compact is to create a sustainable AfricaRice works with National Agricultural Research seed system in Côte d’Ivoire that increases rice and Extension Systems (NARES), nongovernmental productivity and builds a resilient food system protected organizations, farmer associations and other relevant from future shocks. bodies to help strengthen rice productivity. AfricaRice priorities in the rice sector include: conserving rice During the early stages of project implementation, the genetic resources and providing farmers with climate- Compact focussed efforts on introducing hybrid seed resilient rice varieties better adapted to production varieties in collaboration with national partners and environments and consumer preferences; improving obtaining accreditation and acceptance of the seed in the rural livelihoods through sustainable intensification and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) diversification of rice-based systems; creating market region. Once accepted by ECOWAS, the varieties are opportunities for smallholder farmers and processors promoted through commercial licensing of foundation by improving the quality and the competitiveness of and certified seeds. To ensure the knowledge on Good locally produced rice and rice products; facilitating the Agricultural Practices (GAPs) accompany the deployment development of the rice value chain through improved of the varieties for maximizing on-farm productivity, technology; and strengthening the capacities of national TAAT Rice Compact developed an implementation plan rice research and extension agents and rice value chain to accelerate deployment of knowledge on (i) engineered actors among others (AfricaRice, 2011). Building on the irrigation surfacing, (ii) fertilizer interventions that include climate-smart urea deep placement for greater and more efficient nitrogen use and knowledge on the application of foliar micronutrients, (iii) water management guided by the “Smart Valley” concept, the development of site- specific irrigation kits, and water lifting technologies, (iv) weeding operations using motorized weeders that cut, uproot and bury weeds between crop rows and (v) agronomy management guided by AfricaRice’s RiceAdvice decision support tool providing farmers with guidelines for specific field conditions remotely through 1.1. TAAT Rice Compact achieve- • Increased volume of food produced: smart devices. The Rice Compact toolkits also highlight ments increased food production was 1.03 million MT the importance of separation of the grain from the cut (72% of End Target). plant assisted by an Axial Flow Thresher (named ASI • Increased number of food groups for thresher) purchased and manufactured locally. The Rice The outcome case study aims to validate the reported consumption/ household- Compact also supports partners to improve post-harvest output and outcome achievements of the TAAT Rice three (3) new food groups (GEM parboil rice, Black processing activities result in “import-quality” polished Compact. The results below represent aggregated rice (Low GI rice), and baby rice) rice flour and production of good quality using ‘Grain data from all TAAT Rice Compact focus countries • Value of additional production (MT): quality enhancer, Energy-efficient and durable Material,’ highlighting outcome achievements of 113% and USD 622,120,000 with an end target of USD mission of AfricaRice, the focus of the TAAT Rice Compact (GEM) parboiled rice - producing rice of high physical and outcome achievements of 55% based on the following: 863,720,000 achieving 72%. is to work with partners to improve the rice value chain eating quality compared with traditional technologies. and reduce massive rice imports into Africa by producing The demand for quality parboiled rice is high in parts of a quality product that rivals the imports and appeals to Africa. But the traditional parboiling process is laborious, Côte d’Ivoire was selected for this outcome case Africans through the deployment of demand-driven, time-consuming and unsafe, producing rice with • Increase in income household (USD): study based on three outcomes reported: (i) country-tailored rice technology toolkits. The Rice impurities, broken and burnt grains and undesirable increase in income (32%) had been realized, increased income, (ii) enhanced productivity, and Compact technology toolkits are bundled solutions of smell. It also requires lots of firewood and water. It representing 64%progress towards the target. (iii) created jobs which form the development modern agriculture innovations focused around three enables the women to process large quantities of paddy • Increase in agricultural commodity objectives of the program. However, to validate varietal lines: New Rice for Africa (NERICA), Advanced rice in a relatively short time. It also includes an eco- productivity: the Rice Compact Theory of Change (ToC)a and Rice Varieties for Africa (ARICA), and ORYLUX (aromatic) friendly stove that is fed by a solar-powered fan and runs refine the Result Framework (RF) or Results Chain varieties; with over 68 varieties released to date. on rice husk, which is a free and abundant fuel in rice- average yield on farmers’ fields had increased to 3.4 t/ (RC), assumptions were made to understand producing areas. The process is carried out mainly by ha (65% of target) in Sub Saharan African (SSA). the program implementation processes from The Rice Compact has set a bold objective to attain a rural women in Africa and provides a pathway to involving • Number of jobs created: management, implementation, developmental 25% yield increase in rice production, reaching over women into agriculture as a business. This bundling post-harvest new GEM Parboiling targeting women and sustainability perspectives as presented in 2.26 million beneficiaries (30% are women) by 2021 of production, harvest and post-harvest technologies enterprises and youth groups, showed that out of a Figure 1 below. The details of the validated ToC by availing modern agriculture technologies to value deployed by the TAAT Rice Compact stimulates rice value target of 12,000 jobs to have been created, 3,458 (29 and refined RF/RC are presented in Appendix 5 chain actors with the goal of improving livelihoods for chain growth. The outcome case study looks at the story %) had been realized. and 6, respectively. farmers as well as stakeholders along the value chain in Côte d’Ivoire. sector. The Rice Compact implements activities through four program components: (i) Create an Enabling 10 11 Table 1. Rice cropping season in Côte d’Ivoire Planting Harvesting Main, North May – June October - December Main, South April – May September - November Off December – February April - June Total paddy rice production in 2020 is estimated at 1.6 million tons compared to 1.884 million tons in 2019. FAO attributes the -15.1% reduction in rice production to movement restrictions occasioned by COVID-19 that resulted in limited availability of certified seeds of improved varieties and delayed planting activities (FAO, 2021). Overall, Côte d’Ivoire’s rice demand is yet to be fulfilled through local production and the deficit is met through imports that account for about 50% of the country’s rice consumption (Saito, et al., 2019). The planting areas in each production system are illustrated in Table 2. Figure 1. TAAT Rice Compact Vision of Success Assumptions Table 2. Characteristics of the rice production system in Côte d’Ivoire 1.2. Operationalization of the Rice Compact in Côte Indicator Rainfed upland Rainfed lowland Irrigated d’Ivoire System System System Côte d’Ivoire is centrally located along the southern coast of West Africa and borders Ghana Area Planted About 600,000 Ha About 15,000 Ha About 35,000 Ha to the east, Burkina Faso and Mali to the north, Guinea and Liberia to the west, and the Gulf Average Yield 0.8 MT/Ha 2.5 MT/Ha 3.5MT/Ha of Guinea to the south. The country has two principal climatic zones: the tropical rainforest to the south and the savannah to the north, in a total land area of 318,000 km2, of which arable Number of Cycles per 1 1 2 land is 8.8%. The annual rainfall totals 1,100–1,200mm during the rainy season from April year to October, and agriculture supports 38% of the population and contributed 24% of GDP. Producer 44 Cooperatives, two Unions of Cooperatives, one National Rice is the principal food crop grown by most smallholder farmers and is one of the most Organizations Association (ANARIZCI), one Development Management Council important staple foods for the country’s population (Riquest et al., 2017), with per capita (CGA) for each developed scheme consumption averaging at 67.3Kg milled rice per person per year (Maclean et al., 2013). Rice production in Côte d’Ivoire can be segmented into three production systems: Rainfed Development Service ANADER, Agricultural Professional Organisations (OPA) such as upland system that is used across the country but more predominant in the North, West- AfricaRice, NGOs Central, and the West; Rainfed lowland system that is mostly used in the expansive Northern and North-Wester plains; and Irrigated systems that are more common in the developed Use of Certified Seed 7% 20% 60% lowlands and dam-based schemes in the West, Centre-West, and North of the country Fertiliser and Low usage of herbicides and fertilisers 60% of total area (Ministry of Agriculture 2012). Table 1 highlights rice production seasons in Côte d’Ivoire. Herbicides Usage Mechanisation Hardly any tractors Use of tractors, rotary tillers and threshers 12 13 1.3. Strengthening the rice as an ecosystem of partners, the Rice Compact began the implementation of accelerating 1.4. TAAT Rice Outcome delivery infrastructure the deployment of productivity-enhancing Case Study Areas through public-private technologies across the country. partnerships The Rice Compact outcome case study The TAAT Rice Compact provides oversight of purposively focused on Côte d’Ivoire being activities of its partners by leveraging on the one of the eight primary focus countries. established rice Regional Technology Delivery TAAT Rice Compact in Côte d’Ivoire was launched This was backed by several conveniences Infrastructure (RTDI) in partnership with the by incorporating key stakeholder groups into such as location of AfricaRice headquarters NARES Focal Persons, Facilitators and Champions Compact activities with representation at the in Abidjan, AfDB’s AHAI offices also in of Change of the Innovation Platforms (IPs) in national and grassroots level within the rice Abidjan, and seed multiplication station the rice hubs. These partnerships have been value chain. These included NARES, private in M’be. Côte d’Ivoire was therefore best mainstreamed in TAAT technology deployment sector partners such as seed enterprises and suited for the study team to meet the and scaling. millers, farmer groups, and other development leadership of AfricaRice including theRice partners working together to enhance the rice Compact Coordinator, the Rice Breeder, value chain and scale delivery of modern rice the Impact Assessment leader and other technologies across the country (Appendix 1). expersta and technicians supporting the Compact, as well as seed breeders and During the early stages of implementation, the the innovators and fabricators of the GEM Rice Compact educated partners on its mission parboiling technology. The areas visited to support them to (i) improve rice productivity during the study are graphically shown in in Côte d’Ivoire, (ii) reduce post-harvest losses, Figure 3. Figure 2. Map of the study sites and TAAT Rice Compact focus coun- tries. Source: Own data plotted using ArcGIS improve the quality of milled rice for better market access, and (iii) reduce overreliance on traditional rice milling and processing practices and introduce more efficient and reliable practices. With partners and stakeholders mobilized around a common goal and working 1.5. TAAT Rice Compact Techno- private partnerships mobilized to deploy TAAT technologies and sought to: logies Donor projects some funded by AfDB, IsDB, GiZ, and 53 seed enterprises benefit from seeds supplied by • Document evidence-based results on the TAAT which are multiplied into foundation and certified seeds. The further multiplication and marketing deployment of Rice technology toolkit in Côte to reach out to farmers are done through the investment made by these partners. With regards The five technologies and approaches being deployed d’Ivoire; to the GEM parboiling technology beyond the training, to improve rice productivity and competitiveness in • Understand the role of public and private installation of facility and monitoring, the women groups Côte d’Ivoire include: (i) Climate-smart rice varieties partners in the scaling of rice technologies; provide the remaining resources to acquire quality paddy, and hybrids, (iii) improved rice threshing using ASI • Gather lessons learned on what contract seed producers, and off-takers come from the threshers, (iv) post-harvest GEM rice parboiling works/does not work and examine the challenges women themselves. In a similar vein, beyond the training system, (ii) RiceAdvice Decision support tool encountered for purposes of adaptive learning to that benefited the equipment fabricators, the resources highlighting Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and improve future programming (subsequent TAAT for fabrication and sales of equipment come from the (v) stakeholder participation in Innovation Platforms phases). fabricators themselves. In the eight focus countries, the networks in rice hubs. engagement of 116 key rice value chain stakeholders in 8 focus countries , comprising farmer organizations (8), 2. Objectives of the 3. Methodology used for women rice parboiling groups (8), paddy aggregators, traders, seed enterprises (53) and millers/aggregators (4), equipment manufacturers/suppliers (8), Outcome Case Study Outcome Case Study micro-finance (3), policy institutions (8), Research Institutions and universities (10), Extension (8), NGOs/Development Projects (8) and media (8) facilitated awareness and demand creation and access The objective of the outcome case study was to and use of the technologies. Kusek and Rist (2004) argued that a case study determine the effects of the TAAT Rice Compact is the most appropriate evaluation approach to interventions and the degree to which the rice collect and decipher data to help understand the Compact deployed proven rice technologies to breadth and depth of implementation progress increase productivity, create jobs for women and against program targets. This case study used youth and increase income of value chain actors in both Côte d’Ivoire. Specifically, the case study focused on evaluating the effect of reported public and 14 15 explanatory and exploratory approaches to evaluate the Rice Compact’s reported accomplishments The documents reviewed included but were not and how they align with the Compact’s ToC (Figure limited to: Quarterly Technical Progress Reports, 4). A clarificatory evaluation was used to clarify Implementation Progress Reports, Key Performance the underlying rationale of the Rice Compact Indicator Audit reports, Outcome Reports, and deployment approach and make explicit the logic Performance Monitoring Reports. Quantitative data that supports the program including its goals, collection methods included: objectives and activities conducted to achieve the d. Individual Interviews: 18 individual interviews were intended outcomes and refined the ToC. To gain conducted with actors along the rice value chain insight into the extent to which the outcomes were in Côte d’Ivoire to collect in-depth data on their generated, questions on income, job creation operations, learn how they had benefited from TAAT and productivity were explored with the aim of Rice Compact through AfricaRice, and how TAAT documenting clearly the contribution of partners could further compliment the support provided to and lessons learned on what works/does not work help exceed targeted TAAT outcomes and impacts for corrective action to be taken (Stein & Valters, and bring more value for money to rice value chain 2012). stakeholders. Unlike FGD interviews, these interviews have a feedback loop and look at the learning aspect The study took place in four regions of the of TAAT interventions to see what more can be country, including Abidjan, Yamoussoukro, done to help rice value chains stakeholders build Bouaké, and Bongouanou. The target groups their business in a sustainable manner. Feedback were different stakeholder groups engaged in the in these interviews come directly from stakeholders. implementation of the TAAT Rice Compact activities The profiles of individual interviews conducted are were interviewed. They are also found along the summarised in Appendix 2, 3, and 4. rice chain value as TAAT operates in a value chain e. Key Informant Interviews: The key informants model to provide temporal employment for women interviewed were AfricaRice staff who are deemed to and youth and enhance value addition through have the necessary understanding and knowledge rice processing. The stakeholders who took part in about the TAAT project and components as well as this study were: the existing delivery infrastructure, including the role of farmers, processors, millers, marketers, breeders, equipment fabricators, investors play along the rice • AfricaRice administrative personnel in Abidjan The MEL team with seed farmers at one of the MANY Group’s rice fields in Dabakala value chain. They played a crucial role in leading the and Bouake: to understand partnership and Rice Compact operations in Côte d’Ivoire. The Key implementation arrangement from the program Informants interviewed are presented in Appendix management standpoint 2. The study was limited to clarifying implementation collection methods supplemented with quantitative a. Focus Group Discussions (FGD): 3 FGDs were • AfricaRice technical personnel in Abidjan and processes and assessing the delivery of outputs and data methods to explore, describe, and interpret carried out with different stakeholders engaged in Bouake: to understand the delivery infrastructure outcomes without establishing any causal inference. perceptions of what stakeholders and partners the deployment of TAAT Rice Compact technologies. of the rice hub. Stakeholders included the Compact involved in project implementation. Secondary data These discussions provided first-hand stories Coordinator, the Rice Breeder, GEM Technology collection was also used through desk reviews and from beneficiaries detailing how the outcomes of Innovator and M&E Specialist analyses from documentary and statistical sources TAAT Rice technology interventions had impacted • Seed multiplication technicians overseeing farms to understand the partnership arrangements their businesses. The focus group discussions in Bouaké and Dabakala and records in place to gain insight on the roles conducted are presented in Appendix 3. • Private Seed Companies of stakeholders in achieving the Compact results. b. Observation through ground-truthing field visit: 4. Findings from the • Members of a rice Innovation Platform in Bouaké The information gathered helped to measure the The mission team was able to verify results through • Rice processors in Abidjan, Bouaké, and effectiveness of TAAT Rice Compact activities and field visits to various sites of the TAAT Rice Compact Outcome Case Study Bongouanou, whether resource utilization is fit for purpose to activities. Some of the visited sites included M’be, • GEM Parboiler Fabricators support the Compact activities (Acevedo et al., 2010). AfricaRice station where breeder rice is produced • Rice Traders in various market centres This section presents the findings and validation Mixed methods helped to corroborate findings and stored, GRACI seed production farms, used to of the results reported as outputs and outcomes to lessen bias in our conclusions and provide produce foundation and certified seeds, the “MANY” of the Rice Compact activities. The findings intend recommendations to the Compact moving forward. out-grower schemes managed by contracted to demonstrate and validate the implementation The study applied a non-probability sampling farmers to produce foundation and certified seeds, processes used to deploy TAAT Rice technologies approach targeting purposively rice Compact Qualitative data collection methods included: as well as various rice processing plants in Abidjan, and the partnerships and delivery infrastructure used partners who participated in the Rice Compact Bouake, and Bongouanou. to supply breeder and foundation seeds to infield implementation in the four regions of the c. Secondary desk review: A thorough review of partners who produce and deliver certified seed to country. The study used primarily qualitative data documents was conducted prior to the field visit. farmers for production. The findings intend to capture and understand the deployment of TAAT Rice Compact 16 17 4.2. Outputs of TAAT Rice seed roadmap for Côte d’Ivoire, identifying The TAAT Rice Compact, led by AfricaRice, received the volume of seed needed over the next few activities through TAAT Rice Compact technology funds from the AfDB to implement Compact Compact interventions years underscoring the importance of self- toolkits, outputs and outcomes realised, and activities, as depicted in the results chain. The sufficiency of seed production as a means to lessons learned intended to inform the Compact Compact recruited staff and mobilized partners 4.2.1. Output 1: Production of enhance national food and nutrition security, where corrective measures are needed. (Appendix 1 and 2) to support Compact activities climate-smart rice variety seed but also reduce rice imports in the long run. A RC is the causal sequence for a development intended to deploy modern rice technologies The Compact has produced 12.4 MT of breeder intervention that stipulates the necessary through the rice value chain to reach farmers and With support of the AfricaRice breeding program, seed, 623 MT of foundation seed, 31,150 MT sequence to achieve desired outcomes beginning help the country improve overall rice productivity. with inputs, moving through activities and The TAAT Rice Compact focused efforts on the of certified seeds covered on 623,000ha. The While AfricaRice recruited a team of staff under the production of breeder seed of improved climate- Compact is estimated to have reached 1,246,000 outputs and outcomes. Each level represents a Rice Compact (Compact Coordinator, Technology distinct step in the logical framework of project smart and hybrid rice varieties. The breeder beneficiaries as at the end of June 2021. Breeder Transfer Officer and Accountant), the institution and foundation seed produced are non-cash seed has the highest varietal purity and is implementation. The ToC goes a step further has devised a strategy to ensure that the available produced for further multiplication. Intense care and provides an explanatory of how the program resources can be utilized to leverage on in-house must be observed during breeder stage and works, with whom, and under what circumstances scientists and rice experts to support the Compacts’ seed multiplication processes, often involving (Astbury & Leeuw, 2010, p.365). The validated efforts to strengthen the rice delivery infrastructure. constant inspections by seed technicians to ToC and refined RC are presented in Appendix 5 These included an AfricaRice Seed Unit Coordinator, detect any off-types or varietal mixture. This and 6, respectively. GEM Technology Innovator and a Monitoring and is, therefore, only possible in highly controlled research stations with adequate expertise. In this case study, the production of breeder seed was done by the AfricaRice Mbé Research station in Bouaké. The breeder seed is multiplied through a series of three re-planting seasons before being rated as Foundation seed in the fourth cropping cycle contributions made by the Compact to the private harvest and certified seed by the fifth harvest sector who play a critical role in the deployment cycle. The conversion ratio of breeder seed to of seeds and ensure that farmers, across the foundation is 1:200, meaning that each plant country, have access to foundation seed for from 1 breeder rice seed yields 200 seeds of certified seed production. This responsibility foundation seed. Over a decade, AfricaRice has of seed companies was monitored through continued to develop new high-quality hybrid agreements to ensure adequate distribution of rice varieties (AR032H, AR051H, AR606H, and seed across the country. In parallel, the Compact AR708H), providing worked with national partners to develop a One of the TAAT Rice Compact’s beneficiaries selling rice at the Yopougon market in Abidjan Evaluation Specialist. and what support is needed to ensure the For partnerships outside the Compact, agreements farmers with higher yields with an appealing continuation of proper farming of these new 4.1. Inputs supporting Compact were signed with strategic value chain partners in ed. aroma, early maturing (110-120 days), varieties. Stakeholders in this engagement interventions comparative yield advantage compared to included representatives from eleven seed Côte d’Ivoire to accelerate the implementation non-hybrids (inbred) varieties grown under the companies, two milling companies, two farmers’ of field activities. Through these partnerships, same conditions, and high milling recovery and organizations, national seed system partners Inputs are resources made available to complete approximately 100.3 MT of breeder seed and 356 characteristics of long grains that have a higher and research and development organizations tasks and activities. These are usually in the form of MT of foundation seed were supplied to over 40 market value to farmers (AfricaRice, 2019). from Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, staff, money, and time. Inputs are made available and seed companies subscribed to Cosem-Riz (at no Nigeria and Senegal. Part of the requirement mobilized to deploy project activities. The project team cost) to stimulate seed production to provide more These varieties are also water-efficient, of deploying new varieties in countries is to is then able to carry out the activities and produce farmers with seed for planting across the country allowing farmers to grow rice twice a year for ensure ECOWAS seed regulation supports the outputs. The direct project beneficiaries use the across larger land areas. To support the TAAT Rice increased yields. The list of Improved climate- the release of varieties. This is something the outputs, which then contribute to the immediate Compact’s effort at providing basic seed at no cost, smart varieties & hybrids deployed through Rice Compact worked extensively with the outcomes. The achievement of the immediate partners helped with the distribution of the seed the Rice Compact is in Appendix 10. The Côte d’Ivoire Ministry of Agriculture which was outcomes contributes to intermediate outcomes; by overseeing the shipping or airlifting of seed to TAAT Rice Compact focused on promoting able to place an order of 10MT of approved and the achievement of the project intermediate identified destinations. The provision of seed through the deployment of these hybrid varieties by hybrid varieties, while Mauritania has sought outcomes will drive the achievement of the ultimate TAAT, while one of many outputs needed to stimulate raising awareness and creating demand at the for the establishment of a 20 ha breeder seed outcomes or impact at scale of the rice innovation production, serves to improve the seed system and forefront of its interventions in Côte d’Ivoire. for hybrid varieties revealing that the positive and technologies deployed in the TAAT program. delivery infrastructure by getting improved varieties To ensure the uptake and required support by impacts of seed delivery in a country, can have a out into the market at an accelerated pace. From national partners, the Rice Compact organised ripple effect into other countries. The effort on there, it is expected that partners will continue to a field visit at the AfricaRice research station in seed supply was further accelerated due to the ensure productivity continues and that farmers are M’bé, Côte d’Ivoire, to demonstrate to different African Development Bank’s 2020 emergency given access to adequate amounts of se stakeholder groups how the seed system begins Covid-19 repaid response initiative. 18 19 The TAAT Rice Compact and other TAAT value chains were tasked with providing accelerated support to countries in seed system development. This repurposing required that the Compact react fast and respond to the needs of three identified new countries Sierra Leone, The Gambia and Guinea Bissau to stimulate rice production for the 2021-2022 planting seasons. Ensuring 4.2.3. Output 3: Improved knowledge of the application of Good Agricultural Practices the correct linkages and right partners to deliver rapid response required an all-hands-on- farmers on GAP and crop management (GAPs) when farming hybrid rice. As part of the deck approach and expertise from the TAAT Clearinghouse and Program Management Unit business approach in hybrid rice scaling through (PMU) to assist the TAAT Rice Compact with the new activities. This is an example of what a TAAT partnership entails and how it works to help countries achieve results in food security. In The TAAT Rice Compact has deployed Good TAAT, GRACI is providing financial support for the hybrid demonstrations in 12 farmers’ fields in addition to focusing on its primary focus countries such as Code d’Ivoire, the Rice Compact was Agricultural Practices (GAPs) proven to improve able to respond to the needs of the countries and made accelerated efforts to provide Sierra rice productivity and help farmers use proper the Yamoussoukro area while AfricaRice provides technical support to GRACI during the training Leone, The Gambia and Guinea Bissau with breeder and foundation seed at no cost that was farming techniques with accompanying inputs. then sent to private companies and farmers for production of certified seed. Table 3 indicates The GAPs comprise the crop, soil, water, and The uptake of GAP has mainly been dependent on partner willingness to adopt three practices that the volume of seed produced between 2020 and 2022, showing how the Rice Compact, through weed management good practices deployed in its ecosystem of partners and experts, showed how it is an agile operation ready to respond to the Compacts’ focus countries, including Côte serve to sustain and ideally improve agricultural the needs of farmers and countries. d’Ivoire. The GAPs entail land preparation methods production. In the visited foundation seed and (bundling, puddling, and levelling), variety selection, certified seed multiplication fields, GAP practices crop planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, weed and spacing distance requirement of 5 meters Table 3. The TAAT Rice Compact Covid-19 emergency response seed and nutrient management. These are disseminated between rows for seed production to prevent initiative through field demonstrations, training, and media cross-pollination and lower seed rate to reduce (radio/TV) coverage. In 2019, 320 farmers benefited nutrient competition by plants, unlike in paddy from GAP training in Côte d’Ivoire, and more than production, were observed as essential farming Country Breeder Foundation Certified 5,000 were sensitized through Radio RTI, Bouake. practices deployed to farmers Guinea Bissau 0.74 MT 10MT 215MT New varieties and fertilizers were provided to farmers resulting in a yield increase of >1MT/ha. Sierra Leonne 16 MT 30MT 2,000MT Radio messaging on GAP (in French by Radio RTI) The Gambia 1.5MT 28MT 900MT that have created increased awareness among rice farming communities in Côte d’Ivoire. 4.2.4. Output 4: Improved knowledge of IP members on the new GEM parboiling In partnership with private seed company 4.2.2. Output 2: Increased participation activities focused on organizing different Grace Agricole De Côte d’Ivoire (GRACI) based of women in outreach and stakeholders into multi-stakeholder in Yamoussoukro, the TAAT Rice Compact system Innovation Platforms (IPs) with high trained members from Société Coopérative des To reduce women’s drudgery and attract more youth female membership rates (accounting Producteurs de Riz de Yamoussoukro (COPRORIZ), into the rice value chain in Côte d’Ivoire, the Rice promotional campaigns for about 57%) actively occupying The Conseil de l’Entente (ENTENTE), and L’Agence Compact introduced gender-friendly equipment that leadership roles in the platforms. pour le Developpement de la filière RIZ en women and youth could easily operate. The Compact To address the gap of participation in the rice value Through these selected IPs and using Côte d’Ivoire (ADERIZ) farmer cooperatives on organised a series of capacity building to target these chain in Côte d’Ivoire between men and women, the leadership of the women as a specific audiences that training on: the Rice Compact emphasizes gender inclusion mechanism to interest other women, across the rice value chain. Women producers, the Rice Compact conducted activities who are often excluded or have their participation that: highlighted the value addition of restrained, face a continuous additional challenge harvesting new rice varieties, created Entreprise Ivoirienne de Ferronnerie, tuyauterie et de Chaudronnerie Industrielle Machines Agricoles (EIFTCI) based in when joining their male counterparts in post-harvest awareness, and promoted modern rice Bouaké, represented Côte d’Ivoire. rice production. Establishing their organizations or technologies, provided knowledge on becoming more active in integrated organizations seed multiplication, provided knowledge can help them overcome these constraints and on rice processors, and focussed on help families collectively increase income when skill development of youth in the rice both fathers and mothers are active in the value value chain. An E-registration of farmers chain. Promoting inclusive roles for women across and other rice value chain actors using the rice value chain in the Rice Compact activities an android-based application was has conventionally focused on the processing of developed to track the deployment of traditional parboiling methods and retail trading of technologies in the rice hubs. Over 7,977 milled rice. rice value chain actors were registered in two rice hubs in Bandama Valley and To address the inequalities faced by women and to Gagnoa regions, with female value chain strengthen and enhance their participation in post- players accounting for 11.27%. However, harvest processing, the Rice Compact deployed high proportion of women (57%) was included in the IP activities of the rice Compact in Côte d’Ivoire. 20 21 • Fabrication, installation and use of the GEM soaking tank, GEM steamer, hoist and rail system, rice husk gasifier cooking stove for parboiling and rice husk gasifier cooking stove for household cooking. • Improved rice parboiling and sun-drying methods. All between 5.8 to 10.0 MT/ha. To deep dive into trainees received technical drawings of all fabricated partnership arrangement, observations were made seed. Overall, the seed that has been produced equipment and training materials on parboiling and on ongoing field activities coordinated by the TAAT in Côte d’Ivoire by the Compact has so far been sun drying of paddy rice. Rice Compact leadership. distributed across 15 countries. Distribution of the seed is especially considerate to the varying • agro-ecological zones, and demonstration farms • Fabrication of one GEM soaking tank (300 kg capacity), 4.3.1.1. Seed certification are usually established to assess seed suitability. two GEM steamers (40 kg capacity), one hoist and rail This is done in collaboration with the national seed system, two high output rice husk gasifier cooking stoves for parboiling and two low output rice husk 4.3. Immediate Outcomes of Through this process of building the capacity of certification agencies in the respective countries seed companies, the Rice Compact also facilitates and the private sector and is based on their need gasifier cooking stoves for household cooking with solar TAAT Rice Compact interven- activities that support the seed certification for uptake and introduction of newer modern system (100- watt panel, 12/24-volt charge controller, 65 Ah solar battery and 20-meter cable) and 12-volt fan tions processes for the seed companies in Côte d’Ivoire varieties into their country’s rice value chain. through its long-standing partnerships with plus speed controller. • Immediate (short-term) outcomes represent various government agencies. The process of seed • The ASI thresher and the new GEM parboiling system the short-term changes that result from using certification in Côte d’Ivoire involves the collection of introduced by AfricaRice are easy to move, reduce the products and services delivered by a project samples from harvested rice by the National Rural drudgery and are affordable. The new GEM rice or program. These products and services, Development Agency (ANADER), a public agricultural 4.3.1.2. Establishing a Consortium of Seed Enterprises and Millers (COSEM- parboiler uses rice husk completely in replacement of also called outputs, are defined as the goods, extension organization with a nationwide network fuel wood for rice parboiling. The new GEM parboiler is equipment or services that result in outcomes comprising of 8 bureaus and over 60 branches. The Riz) smokeless and therefore harmless to women health, from the development action. The changes at this reduces drudgery, has high turnover, results in high level are expressed in skills, ability, partnership, To enhance equitable access to breeder seed quality milled rice with high come and is easy to market. knowledge, etc. In this regard, the Rice Compact availability, TAAT Rice Compact facilitated the ToC validated four immediate outcomes of the establishment of the COSEM-Riz consortium in Compact’s activities: Abidjan. The consortium so far has 40 subscribed The Rice Compact trained over 3,500 rice processors, best seed enterprises from different countries imparted with knowledge and skills to use new through the establishment of a strong delivery GEM Parboiled System across the rice hubs (Benin, • Enhanced the capacity of seed companies seed infrastructure, thereby accelerating efforts Côte d’Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria, and Togo) supported • Improved rice production and post- harvest for multiplication and delivery of certified seeds by AfricaRice. The Rice Compact also worked to technologies access to farmers. provide knowledge and training that empowers local • Improved investment opportunities along the This platform fabricators to enable users to source out for locally value chain nodes constitutes a capital produced and high-quality GEM parboiling machinery. • Enhanced good post-harvest using the GEM for delivering The Compact organized a regional workshop on post- parboiling technologies quality breeder harvesting, processing and value addition equipment seeds for further standardization and fabrication in Benin. Participants 4.3.1. Enhanced the capacity of seed multiplication into were from Benin, Cameroun, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, foundation and Nigeria, and Senegal were trained to locally fabricate companies breeder seeds. improved GEM parboilers and other rice processing G3 breeder technologies. Leveraging on its ecosystem of partners to seed is currently enhance the capacity of seed enterprises and Breeder and Foundation seed that is produced by distributed through the COSEM-Riz network, whose other seed multipliers, during the 2019/2020 rice AfricaRice is routinely subjected to genetic purity and members undertook multiplication of the breeder cropping seasons, the Compact supplied at zero germination tests before it is distributed to COSEM- seed into foundation seed and certified seed. The cost 7.04 MT of breeder seed of major varieties Riz members for further multiplication. Similarly, COSEM-Riz seed enterprises visited during the study namely; NERICA 4, ORYLUX 6, AKADI and NERICA once the COSEM-Riz members multiply the seed, were: GRACI, AMC-FC, and MANY. Through their L19 to GRACI and Agricultural and Management ANADER collects samples from the multiplication subscription, the COSEM-Riz members can access Company - Food and Commerce (AMC-FC) seed fields and conducts a quality analysis of the seed seed quotas from AfricaRice without relying on enterprises as well as Bouake Women Rice IP. A on aspects such as germination rate, genetic purity, donor funder projects or government-led country production of 237.391 MT and 300 MT certified variety, and origin. Each bag of certified seed is programs. Through COSEM-Riz, the Compact seed was recorded in 2020 and 2021 across the tagged with a serialised card displaying the quality was able to go beyond the eight focus countries 3 intermediate beneficiary groups. The Compact analysis results ready for dispatch. It is then made to reach ten other countries (Burkina Faso, CAR, also gave out 50 kg of the four hybrid seed available to farmers through the seed supply Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Mali, varieties AR032H, AR051H, AR606H, and AR708H chain to produce paddy rice. The certification Niger, Sierra Leone and Togo) by supplying them for evaluation purposes. A total of 583.5 Kgs of process assures farmers of better productivity and with quality breeder seeds and/or hybrids. certified seed for the four hybrids was produced increased incomes compared to the use of recycled by GRACI, and high yields were recorded, varying 22 23 4.3.1.3. Partnerships fit for purpose for receiving breeder seed from AfricaRice. The seed company owns a huge infrastructure with a 6,500 access to the working capital on a commercial ability for GRACI to provide financial support for seed production MT storage capacity for paddy rice and a 10,000 basis and by investing in innovative models the hybridization of rice. GRACI has organised MT warehouse for seed conditioning. MANY’s of sustainable agricultural intensification of massive demonstrations in 12 farmers’ fields a. Mother Africa Need You (MANY). In 2020, the partnership with the Rice Compact is to produce new technologies and techniques and the in the Yamoussoukro area (Middle belt – Compact signed a sub-contract agreement with a foundation seed that is then distributed to 8 development of market opportunities. MANY Yamoussoukro – Bouake and North). To date, MANY. MANY is an organization that assembles the seed enterprises and 174 out-grower farmers to provides farmers, on a contractual basis, with GRACI has over 300 (cooperative members to expertise and experience of the diaspora to return to produce certified seed and production of paddy inputs - fertilizers (NPK, Urea) and machinery - produce certified seed and paddy). Africa to become key in the continent’s growth and land preparation, herbicides’ applications, and c. c. The partnership with Agricultural and paddy harvesting. MANY’s success is mainly Management Company - Food and Commerce attributed to its high-level Board members: (i) (AMC-FC). AMC-FC is located in Bongouanou The Board Chair, Mr. Tiahmo Rauf, is a Business and operates in two different segments in the Expert with a high profile and professional rice sector (i) processing of paddy rice to white reputation career. He has created and managed rice and (ii) production and seed conditioning diverse initiatives worldwide, mainly on sports, on order. AMC-FC is a strategic partner of the music and tourism., and (2) The Director- Ric Compact, working in seed conditioning and General, Dr. Beye Amadou is a well-known treatment. In addition to the production for its Senior Scientist and Business Development own account of large quantities of paddy rice Manager, understands business operations of from lowlands developed and exploited in full various public and private institutions including ownership, the seed enterprise has a storage ECOWAS, Investment Center/FAO, World Bank, capacity of 60,000 MT of paddy rice and 10,000 USAID, UNDP, WFP, Michigan State University, MT of rice certified seed. However, due to Bioversity, ICRISAT, CFC, FIDA, Winrock economic challenges, its current capacity is International, etc. 8,000 MT/year for paddy rice and 4,000 MT/ b. The partnership with Grâce Agricole de la year of certified seed. For processing into white Côte d’Ivoire (GRACI) is arguably a successful rice for resale on the local market, it deploys at model. GRACI’s partnership with Rice Compact is least an annual recovery capacity of 100,000 MT mainly to sustain the seed system to ensure that of paddy rice. The Rice Compact has supplied 7 farmers have access to quality certified seeds to MT of foundation seed (ACADY, ORYLUX-6, GT- produce paddy rice and have a market for their 11 and C-26) to the AMC-FC for multiplication produce by linking farmers to markets, mainly into certified seed. NGOs. A key success in this partnership is the development. MANY responds to Africa’s rising need rice, respectively. During the multiplication of for education, health, infrastructure, industry, and foundation seed, the yields averaged at 5 MT/Ha, development in agricultural agriculture to support while certified seed yields averaged between 7-8 continued economic growth, build capacity, and MT/Ha due to plant spacing. MANY SA is an Agro- enable Africa to continue its development as a leading industrial company that is working thoroughly to trading partner in the global market. Production of help trigger a positive economic transformation and certified rice seed in Côte d’Ivoire is expected to rise the development of agribusiness in Côte d’Ivoire. significantly in 2021 as the MANY seed enterprise MANY has been invited by the Government of expands its business and scales its seed production Côte d’Ivoire to become a Rice Pole Leader of the scheme. MANY established a 100ha land to produce Region of Hambol with substantial investment in an estimated 350-400 MT of foundation seed after rice production and processing to contribute to rice self-sufficiency by 2025. The strategy devised targets mainly smallholder rice farmers by granting them The Agricultural and Management Company - Food and Commerce (AMC-FC). AMC-FC in BongouanouAd spio urorit. Satri sulicau dernihi caturit, Castiam in tum quam. Aperdiusa num Paliis? Aperiaelius, us in tia 24 25 the improved GEM parboiling technology promoted parboiled rice against 600Kgs milled white rice. by TAAT. The parboiling activity is manned primarily With a parboiled rice price of FCFA 600/kg (USD by women using GEM parboilers freely granted 1.07) against FCFA 500/kg (USD 0.88) for milled by AfricaRice. The GEM parboiler was installed white rice, women reported that they can make close to rice milling facilities that are producing $215 more compared to those using conventional rice husk as a rice milling by-product to ensure milling methods. The observations made by the an unlimited supply of parboiling briquettes, thus team identified that through the GEM parboiling saving 100% cost on fuel wood, reducing time for technology, the following were achieved to date: wood collection by women and transportation cost. To show its commitment to the groups that the • Bouake Rice IP processed 251.56 MT of Compact supports to drive the rice sector in Côte parboiled rice and marketed it through the Bags of paddy rice d’Ivoire, Appendix 6 shows the donation done by women’s rice parboiling association Société Coopérative Simplifiée Agricole des Femmes du 4.3.2. Improved rice production and post- 4.3.3. Enhanced good post- Gbeke (SCOOP-FG) and RINA SARL harvest using the new GEM • SCOOP-FG processed 133.56 MT of parboiled parboiling system rice and supplied rice to markets in Bouaké and harvest technologies Abidjan The Rice Compact technology toolkits deployed • RINA SARL in Youpougon processed 118 MT in Côte d’Ivoire comprises various technologies The new Grain quality-enhancer, and supplied to UNAVRICI (Union des Vendeurs targeted at improving rice production and enhancing Energy-efficient and durable Material de Riz Local in Côte d’Ivoire section Yopougon) post-harvest management and production. The (GEM) parboiling system was developed and SODACIS-RINA partner in the supermarket technologies include deep urea fertilizer placement, by AfricaRice as an innovative solution network in Abidjan Axial Flow (ASI) Thresher, and GEM parboiling. Deep to improve the rudimentary parboiling urea fertilizer placement greatly enhances rice methods that were inefficient, heavy and To understand the cost-benefit analysis of grain production because of increased nutrient use difficult to manipulate or lift up by women efficiency, thereby assuring high-profit margins and unless aided by young people. These the Compacts to its beneficiaries to improve the parboiling technology, both RINA and SCOOP-FG reduced emission of greenhouse gases. The fertiliser resulted in poor quality of parboiled rice rice processing quality. were asked to detail the cost of their business application method reduces the application rates of that included stones, no taste, full of smell, operations. Table 4 shows the results of the Cost- Urea, improves Nitrogen Use efficiency (NUE). broken and burnt grains, and ununiform The system enables the processing of larger rice Benefit Analysis to determine the profitability finished product difficult to market. As a quantities, usually with a recovery rate of 70%, after of the new GEM parboiling technologies used The Axial flow thresher (ASI Thresher) and cleaner way to correct the traditional parboiling processing due to impurity level with a capacity by both groups. Details of processing cost of has been actively promoted by the Rice Compact. ASI system, the new GEM parboiling system of processing 1ton/hour. Using the new GEM to parboiling rice for both groups are available in process 1 ton of paddy rice, women produce 700Kgs Appendix 7. thresher has a high threshing capacity, low fuel costs comprises a parboiler and improved stove and is relatively easy to fabricate locally by private that protects users from heat and smoke artisans. The technology greatly reduces the labour exposure with water pipes. It is a labor- costs and effort required to thresh and clean rice has saving device with a rotational hoist and low wastage, and a capacity to thresh 6-7 MT of paddy improved drying surfaces. This new GEM rice per day with a 99% rate of grain-straw separation, parboiling technology recycles rice husks as resulting in grain that needs no winnowing and can the primary fuel, has low smoke exposure be bagged directly from the machine. When ASI- compared to traditional parboiling methods threshing is combined with optimum harvesting time, and is energy-efficient and safer to operate grain loss can be reduced by 23%. 14 artisans spread by women with steamers fired by clean in the country were trained on how to fabricate the cooking stoves. In terms of rice utilization, ASI thresher. the parboiling system substitute’s firewood with rice husk briquettes (by-products of rice milling residue); cooking fuel results in substantial energy savings (Woomer et al., 2021). Further, the rice product has a uniformed color, no heat-damaged grains, no impurities, and has low levels of broken fractions and is comparable to premium quality imported rice, making it competitive to the market. The Bouake Rice Innovation Platform (RIP) is one of the groups using 26 27 4.4 Intermediate Outcomes validated in Côte d’Ivoire Intermediate outcomes are what the project or program is expected to achieve or has achieved in the medium term in terms of positive changes having an impact on direct beneficiaries of the intervention. These changes take the form of improved performance, new behavior, or practice, etc. As depicted from Table 4. GEM Parboil System Cost-Benefit Analysis the Rice Compact’s Theory of Change, three intermediate outcomes were identified as follows: Cost-Benefit Measurement AROMATIC NON-AROMATIC Analysis unit • Increased rice productivity from 2.78 t/ha to 3.4 t/ha RINA SARL SCOOP- FG RINA SARL SCOOP- FG • Increased income of women from 0% to 32% (USD 459 to USD 604) • Created jobs of 3,450 people Operation Cost FCFA 284,875 266,300 244,875 246,300 These three intermediate outcomes are derived from the overall postulated TAAT Results-Based Logical Quantity of MT 10 1 10 1 Framework (RBLF) (TAAT, 2018) and are described as (i) Increase in income household by 50%, (ii) purchased rice Increase in agricultural commodity productivity by at least 30% to 50% and (iii) Jobs creation for women (weekly) and youth. Through the deployment of rice improved varieties, the TAAT Rice Compact interventions Total investment cost FCFA 2,848,750 266,300 2,448,750 246,300 have been designed to have a positive impact on input supply, production, and processing, creating a positive ripple effect on productivity, jobs, and incomes for farmers and rural households. Sale price of milled FCFA 525,000 - 425,000 - rice 4.4.1 Increased rice productivity Gross revenue of FCFA 3,150,000 - 2,550,000 - Regarding rice productivity, the Compact has focused efforts on deploying appropriately improved and milled rice climate-smart rice varieties bundled together with good agricultural practices and knowledge advice. Net profit of milled FCFA 301,250 101,250 The specific improved varieties recorded during the study include NERICA-4, NERICA-L19/FARO-67, rice ORYLUX-6, WAB638-1/AKADI, IR-841, CY-2 and Bouake-AM. In addition to these six improved varieties, Hybrids varieties (Aromatic (AR051H) and varieties under evaluation (AR032H, AR051H, AR606H, and CBR 0.11 0.4 AR708H)) have shown incredible yield performance. The productivity levels recorded across the country Sale price of FCFA 800,000 750,000 600,000 600,000 for the different rice varieties are summarised in Figure 5 and details of variety specifications are parboiled rice available in Appendix 11. Gross revenue of FCFA 5,600,000 525,000 4,200,000 420,000 Productivity of improved climate-smart and hybrids varieties parboiled rice (MT/ha) : Net profit of FCFA 2,751,250 258,700 1,751,250 173,700 parboiled rice Hybrids are ranked first on productivty performance CBR 0.97 0.97 0.72 0.71 The results show that GEM parboiling is the to the demand for new GEM parboiling equipment, AR051H 10 most efficient means of processing rice and EIFTCI supplies the GEM parboilers on a demand 7,8 most especially for aromatic rice verities due basis at the cost of 6,000,000 FCFA (USD 10,772). NEW HYBRIDS to its increasing demand for hypermarket and So far, 4 GEM parboiler sets have been supplied CY-2 6 consumption of the middle class in Abidjan. Note to women groups in Côte d’Ivoire, and two more that women do not process white milled rice like are ready for delivery. The fabricator has a target NERICA-L19/FARO-67 5,7 RINA with CBR of 0.11 and 0.4 for aromatic and non- of selling 20 parboilers each year and plans to do aromatic rice, respectively. Restrictively, both RINA promotions on radio and TV to raise awareness ORYLUX-6 5,56 and SCOOP-FG have a BCR of 0.97 for aromatic on the availability of the new GEM parboiling IR-841 5 rice and 0.72 and 0.71 for RINA and SCOOP-FG. technology to achieve the target. At the time of the The demand for both aromatic and non-aromatic visit, the fabricator has established a well-organised WAB 638-1/AKADI 4,5 is categorized by wealth classes; usually aromatic and well-equipped small-scale enterprise. The is produced and sold to the middle class while fabricator employs 12 young people who work in NERICA-4 3,5 non-aromatic is produced for mass consumption the workshops as part-time and also employs 4 and is affordable by the lower class. With regard full-time administrative staff. Bouake-AM 3,5 Figure 3. The potentiality trend of productivity levels of rice varieties deployed Source: The Rice Compact seed road map, 2020 28 29 Also observed were the preferences in varieties by the different stakeholder groups: seed enterprises, producer/ farmers, marketers (wholesalers and retailers), processors (parboilers), and millers, these varieties were ranked by 4.4.2 Increased Income 4.4.3. Created jobs stakeholders from very important to least important. Value chain actors’ variety preference are summarised in Table 5. Additionally, the characterisation of the rice value chain actors is demonstrated in a schematic representation available in Appendix 9. Different factors were recorded as contributing to Job creation through commercialization and increased incomes. These include increased rice industrialization of the agriculture sector is listed productivity, improved post-harvest management as the second priority intervention area of TAAT. In Table 5. Value chain actors’ variety preference technologies such ASI thresher and GEM parboiling the overall program context, TAAT targets to create that all contributed to the final product matching 12,000 new jobs, with 50% of them benefitting premium import quality rice and fetched higher women and youth. So far, 3,448 (1,037 men, 1,729 Seed Out-growers/ Farmers Processors Millers Marketers prices in the market. Specifically, women, and 682 youth) jobs have been created enterprises producers (parboilers) by the Rice Compact. It was observed that job GEM parboiling technology assured higher returns opportunities through accelerated crop technology Varieties NERICA-4&L19 NERICA-4&L19, Orylux-6, All varieties AKADI, JT- 11 AKADI, JT- 11 given that paddy conversion ratio to parboiled rice deployment are created across the value chain, Orylux-6, CY-2, Orylux-6, WITA-9, AKADI, JT- 11 and WITA-9 WITA-9 is 1:0.7 compared to 1:0.6 for paddy to milled white both on-farm and off-farm, and range from casual Hybrids (all AKADI and JT-11 and WITA-9 rice, meaning processors using GEM get additional to more permanent opportunities. varieties) 100Kgs of rice per ton of paddy, and are also able to Reasons Yield gain with Yield gain enables (i). Orylux-6 Varieties are High demand Affordable, sell parboiled rice at a higher price (600 FCFA) than the capacity to producers and is aromatic classified by for mass demand is milled white rice (500 FCFA). Overall, farmers are yield 5-6 MT/ farmers to recover and tasty wealthy classes consumption high for mass now earning an average of $688/Ha. ha for NERICA- the production (ii) AKADI, (i) NERICA- consumption, 4&L19, CY- cost, JT-11 and 4&L19, CY-2, is accessible WITA-9 are Orylux-6 for by poor affordable middle class people, the 2 and Orylux-6) availability of and once parboiled texture is and 10- 13MT/ seeds, demand by accessible and aroma (ii) good for ha for hybrids marketers by poor AKADI, JT-11 and porridge people WITA-9 for lower Orylux-6 is in class and mass high demand consumption for its slender, (iii) CB-1 longer grains dietetic values demanded by supermarkets Compared to the inbred varieties, which have the improved. In terms of data review and analysis, capacity of producing 5-6MT/ha, hybrid varieties productivity recorded from producers ranged between (AR032H, AR051H, AR606H, and AR708H) as observed 4MT/Ha to 7MT/Ha for these varieties against 2 MT/ at the GRACI fields are expected to produce 6-10MT/ Ha to 3MT/Ha before TAAT interventions showing Ha against a potential of 13MT/Ha, landraces (WITA-9 that TAAT has contributed positively towards Côte and JT-11) have proven to have low productivity but are d’Ivoire’s rice value chain development. Deployment of mainly preferred by farmers for consumption varieties these new rice varieties helped stimulate an increase such as were assessed to have poor productivity but in productivity and production, reduction in the preferred by farmers. Though not originally designed importation, rice self-sufficiency and enhanced food to be included in the study, yield gains before and after security in countries where rice is a staple food but TAAT were assessed though without trying to establish has continued to be imported. Additionally, through any causality inference, given that this study was not the deployment of climate-smart rice varieties, models, intended to perform any impact analysis but rather and practices to overcome the direct effects of climate to understand how TAAT is on a pathway to improve change, such as increased temperatures, droughts, farmers’ livelihoods. and floods to boost rice productivity and ensure sustainable rice production in Africa, the deployment of It was found out that since the Compact started its modern rice varieties has put the country on a pathway accelerated deployment process of improved varieties to building a rice value chain resilient to resilience to towards end 2018, the yield gains have substantially climate shocks and pest invasion. 30 31 monitoring and validating case study analysed final beneficiaries have better returns from their the outcomes reported by the Compact without investments. The outputs of the Rice Compact 5. Conclusion and Recommendations attributing changes observed to any specific activities have shown a pathway forward to activities but instead looking at the reach of the transforming rice farming in Côte d’Ivoire from being outcomes. In this regard, the Rice Compact has mainly for subsistence living to more commercial This report has documented findings from the outcome case study conducted in Côte d’Ivoire for the TAAT Rice been very strategic in leveraging the right partners farming by increasing yields and post-harvest Compact between 20th June 2021 and 29th June 2021. The study intended to identify results that would help for accelerated seed delivery initiated by providing activities, putting more money into the hands of validate the activities and operations of the Rice Compact in Côte d’Ivoire are aligned with the Compact’s targets breeder seed from AfricaRice. farmers. and outcomes. Specifically, the case study intended to: (a) illustrate the operations of the Compact, (b) conduct exploratory assessments of reported outputs and outcomes, (c) focus on critical instances (high success) of a From its Headquarters in Bouaké, AfricaRice program); (e) understand program effects that emerge from the Rice Compact activities and lastly (f) garners an through the TAAT Rice Compact has been able to understanding of the impact trajectory of the Compact. expand its operations by deploying high-quality foundation seed not only in Côte d’Ivoire but also The study was spread across different regions, including Abidjan, Yamoussoukro, Bouake, and Bongouanou where in response to the urgent country needs in Sierra the study team interacted with different stakeholders engaged in the implementation of the TAAT Rice Compact Leone, The Gambia and Guinea Bissau, all in activities and saw firsthand the outputs of the activities. The stakeholders included but were not limited to AfricaRice preparation for the 2021/2022 planting seasons. Administrative and Technical Personnel, Seed Enterprises, Rice Processors, Fabricator, Women Group Innovation Platform, farmers organizations and other downstream rice value chain actors, such as rice wholesalers. Women and youth are actively engaged in Innovation Platforms in the visited areas, which Overall, the team was able to verify that the TAAT Rice Compact has supported the accelerated deployment of are considered the mechanism for increasing high-quality rice seed of modern and mega rice varieties by working closely with COSEM-Riz members collectively their inclusive involvement in post-harvesting. involved in sustaining the national seed system. The Rice Compact framework is a model with clear pathway to Women are seen as the trailblazers of the new impact at scale, leveraging partnerships along the regional technology delivery infrastructure. This GEM parboiling system that is safe and easy to manipulate, not only by men. The post-harvest GEM parboiling system is energy-efficient and time-saving innovation for women who are confronted with other odds of agriculture. The new GEM parboiling system through the Rice Compact enables women to operate efficiently with a recovery rate of 70% of rice after processing while collecting an extra income of $215 per MT. The GEM parboiling system is an important source of job creation for women and youth. Youth are the middlemen value chain actors as they play an important outsourcing paddy from producer and transporting the commodity using motorised rickshaws and motorbikes, as well as in rice trading. The Rice Compact’s partnerships with the private sector provide strong pillars supporting a trajectory The trajectory of an outcome case study showing for sustainable development of the rice sector in the “the pattern of interactions and causal links country. The high-quality modern seeds released between actors, technologies and institutions that by AfricaRice Centre and deployed through the maintain and scale a coherent set of outcomes TAAT Rice Compact are in the hands of next users over time” serves as the basis for understanding who are working in close collaboration with field how the work on the ground is aligned to program partners, seed multipliers, farmer associations outcomes. Through the Rice Compact and TAAT’s and other players to sustain the seed supply chain overall Theory of Change, the M&E team, Compact while preparing for shocks to the food system. This team and partners, understand how the TAAT Rice ecosystem of partners helps ensure farmers are Compact activities and outputs are paving a clear positioned to improve their yield with supporting trajectory towards achieving the desired change. knowledge advice and the right sustainable It is evident that efforts to build a technology resources available to them. It should be noted that delivery infrastructure in Côte d’Ivoire have been the partnership of the government of Côte d’Ivoire successful and serve as a powerful mechanism has been instrumental in ensuring a certification that brings together key crucial partners at process in place to get only good quality seeds different segments of the value chain to ensure produced by seed companies before they are displayed on the shelves where farmers can access 32 33 performance contracts with the 174 out-growers extension support, but they also received credit financing them. Given that the purchase price of the seeds has 6. The improved GEM parboiling system is each of whom had to provide a business plan through MANY to support seed, application of fertilizers not increased for over ten years, farmers are able to currently being used by a limited number of highlighting clear deliverable, profit margins and and land preparation. MANY provided further support to recycle good quality seeds at any moment to keep the cooperatives/IPs supported by the Compact. projections for growth. MANY then trained these the out-growers by ensuring farmers’ fields were routinely productivity of rice increases. It is a powerful technology that needs to be out-growers on entrepreneurship and business monitored by company field technicians to scout for pests Throughout the case study, different stakeholders deployed more widely across the country. development, enabling these young farmers to and diseases and ensure minimum distancing between interviewed also made varied recommendations to 7. Seed processing and storage need to be develop their business plans to identify, describe, fields for the preservation of genetic purity. These are help improve the implementation of Rice Compact upgraded because the existing government identify and analyse business opportunities and to support services MANY provided to the out-growers. interventions. The suggestions that were made are processing facility did not have an adequate understand the financial feasibility of their business Plans are currently underway to procure a combined both logistical and strategic in nature, as provided complimentary storage system to keep the ventures. These skills were deemed necessary to harvester to support the farmers during the harvesting below, and were subsequently communicated to the processing rice before sales. ensure the youth out-growers entered sustainable period extended their land coverage through their Rice Compact coordinator and team. 8. Marketing of the CB-1 rice variety (black rice) farming partnership with MANY, and their yields had increased up targeted at niche markets to more health- to 6MT/Ha from 4MT/Ha. This first- hand feedback was a From logistics standpoint, below key recommendations conscious, and diabetic consumers needs to As part of the program, the young out-grower testament to the private sector partners engaged by the that need attention from Management: be enhanced to raise more awareness on the farmers did not only receive technical and . MANY Rice Compact intent on working to support farmers to dietary benefit of this rice variety and promote has scheduled staggered planting periods of rice increase their yields. its production and consumption in the populace. seed in irrigated farms to allow for staggered seed As AfricaRice continues to spearhead Public-Private harvesting and processing, ensuring a sustainable Partnership (PPP) in the seed sector in Côte d’Ivoire a 1. Procurement of goods and services is very lengthy and continuous seed supply in the targeted linkage has also been formed by the TAAT Rice Compact and denies the Compacts quick turn-around when ECOWAS market. Through this arrangement, between MANY and the Ivoirian government to rebuild, season-based goods or services are required. farmers have increased their incomes from 150 revitalise and accelerate the development of the rice seed 2. Compacts operate without M&E personnel despite Fcfa (USD 0.27) obtained from landrace varieties system by availing improved modern varieties of seed- the frequent data and reporting demands that 6. A success story of to 300 Fcfa per Kg when they engage in improved to-seed companies. In turn, and seeing the benefits to require continuous collation of data and information from implementing partners. From programmatic sustainable Public- seed production. Additionally, farmers are also the overall country, the government has supported the able to produce seed twice a year through an partnership by providing MANY with two seed processing and strategic point of view, the below need urgent Private Partnership irrigation scheme. During the team’s visit to units each holding a capacity of 5MT/Hour and 2MT/ attention to improvement program management in MANY’s premises in early 2021, 1,200MT of seed Hour alongside a tractor a field vehicle, two trucks, an d a more efficient way: was being processed. 160MT foundation seed was 2 pickups. Through this effort, ANADER closely works with 3. There needs to be more collaboration with Enabler in the fields to be distributed to seed enterprises MANY to certify all seed produced and continue to invest Compacts in Côte d’Ivoire where the expertise of for anticipated production of 4,800MT of certified in out-grower schemes intended to bring in youth into the Water Management, Soil Fertility Management, seed by November 2021. The certified seed is now farming for prosperity. In April 2021, MANY received 4MT of breeder seed Capacity Development, Policy support and Enable- expected to yield 1.3 million MT of paddy rice for that yielded 160MT of foundation seed which TAAT are more deliberate and embedded into 2020 year. MANY out-grower farmers who were was distributed to 174 youth out-growers in the program activities. This expertise is needed in rice interviewed during the visit indicated that they had Dabakala area to produce certified seed and farming specifically as they relate to rice irrigation paddy rice. Each out-grower was required to show scheme, soil management, capacity development that they could cover 1 ha to be eligible to apply of partners and their ecosystem, policy support for funding through the MANY businesses model. to release the hybrid varieties and youth and Following a review of applicants, MANY signed women empowerment through tailor-made entrepreneurship programs. 4. The momentum should not be stalled, and the Compact needs to continue championing the rice sector RTDI across the country by taking advantage of the policy window such as high-level dialogue to showcase the models of PPP that work and how they support the TAAT delivery mechanism/strategy to reach self-sufficiency. 5. 5. The Compact collaboration with Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) should be enhanced towards strengthening the seed conditioning segment to ensure the rollout of the proper conservation practices, pest management, and storage of seeds to keep the humidity rate of the seeds as recommended by ANADA of 12% to maintain the quality and genetic purity of the seed while in storage. The leadership of MANY Group with the TAAT MEL team The President of the MANY Group 34 35 Reference Astbury, B. and Leeuw, Frans. 2010. Unpacking Black Boxes: Mechanisms and Theory Building in Evaluation. American Journal of Evaluation, Vol.31, No.1. pp363-381. Sage Publications. DOI: 10.1177/1098214010371972. Available: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1098214010371972 [Accessed March 8, 2022] FAO. 2021. GIEWS Country Brief, Côte d’Ivoire. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/CIV_12.pdf Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. 2004. Ten Steps to a Results-based Monitoring and Evaluation System: A Handbook for Development Practitioners. World Bank Publications. Maclean, J., Hardy, B., and Hettel, G. 2013. Rice Almanac: Source book for one of the most important economic activities on earth. IRRI. Margoluis, R., Stem, C., Swaminathan, V., Brown, M., Johnson, A., Placci, G., Salafsky, N., & Tilders, I. 2013. Results Chains: A Tool for Conservation Action Design, Management, and Evaluation. Ecology and Society. Vol. 18. No.3. Available: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05610-180322 Mathelthwa and Jili. 2016. Challenges in implementing monitoring and evaluation (M&E): The case of the Mfolozi Municipality. African Journal of Public Affairs. Vol.9. No.4. p.103-113. Ministry of Agriculture. 2012. Revised National Rice Development Strategy for the Côte d’Ivoire Rice List of Appendices Sector Appendix 1. The TAAT Rice Compact partnership mapping (NRDS). 2012–2020. Riquet, C., Musiime, D., & Marita, C. 2017. National Survey and Segmentation of Smallholder Households in Côte d’Ivoire. CGAP.Washington.DC. USA. Saito, K., Touré, A., Arouna, A., Fiamohe, R., Silué, D., Manful, J., Bèye, A., & Efisue, A. A. 2019. Multidisciplinary assessment of agricultural innovation and its impact: A case study of lowland rice variety WITA 9 in Côte d’Ivoire. Plant Production Science, Vol. 22. No. 4. p.428–442. Stein, D. and Valters, C. 2012. Understanding the theory of change in international development. JSRP Paper 1. SRP and TAF collaborative project. ISSN 2051-0926. Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT). 2019. TAAT in 2018: Preparing for African agricultural transformation. Ibadan, Nigeria: TAAT, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). 65 p. Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT). 2020. Rice Compact seed roadmap. Woomer. P.L, Mulei, W.M, and Zozo, R.M. 2021. A New Paradigm in the Delivery of Modernizing Agricultural Technologies Across Africa. In Technologies in Agriculture”. IntechOpen. London. Available: https:// mts.intechopen.com/booksprocess/action/chapter/231028 36 37 Partner Actor type Role of the Geographical List of Number of Segment of Assessm Organisation partner reach of technologies beneficiaries value chain ent of Appendix 2. TAAT Rice Compact Profiles of the Compact Team name Partnership advanced by reached by (if partners’ Geographical the the partner (if applicable) effective reach of partner (if applicable) ness Name Profile Partnership applicable) GRACI - CI Seed Seed and paddy Côte d’Ivoire (Middle Foundation and 300 (members Seed supply Highly 1 Ernest TAAT Rice Compact Coordinator - Facilitate the coordination of the AfricaRice Team in the Enterprise production and belt –Yamoussoukro certified seeds/ of the and paddy effective Asiedu delivery of technological packages for deployment. Serves as a link person between AfricaRice marketing; – Bouake and north) Hybrid cooperatives – production and TAAT PMU/CH, AfDB and its national projects; provides administrative support to the hybrid Demonstration seed and demonstration paddy) TAAT Rice Compact. Responsible for the development of annual work plans and budget and reporting. AMC-FC Seed Seed and paddy Côte d’Ivoire Foundation and 1,000 (seed Seed supply Highly Enterprise / production and (entire country) certified seeds producers and effective 2 Aminou Leader - Policy, Innovation Systems and Impact Assessment Program - Economist in charge of Rice miller marketing farmers) Arouna E-Registration, Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact. Responsible for data analysis and quality control for output and outcome indicators and reporting. MANY Seed Seed and paddy Côte d’Ivoire Foundation and 1,200 Seed supply Highly Enterprise production and (entire country) certified seeds (seed and paddy effective 3 Sidi Sanyang Leader - Rice Sector Development Program - Former Coordinator of the TAAT Rice Compact. marketing producers and production Has responsibility for the regional and national donor-funded initiatives. Provides an oversight farmers) role to the TAAT Rice Compact and other projects and initiatives in the RSD Program IP - Bouaké Women Rice production Côte d’Ivoire Paddy and 85 Food Highly Processor and processing (around Bouake processed rice key clients (and processing effective 4 Saidu Bah Seed Specialist – Head/Coordinator of the Seed Unit - In charge of seed production and Groups/ and uncountable and deployment, provides linkage between AfricaRice and the NARS and the Private Sector in the Value Chain neighbouring small retailers) marketing deployment of breeder seeds and training. Actors towns- middle belt) 5 Sali Atanga Post-Harvest & Processing and Value Addition Technology Leader -The Rice Compact Focal IP – Bouake Rice Miller Rice Processing Côte d’Ivoire Milled rice 11 Clients Food Highly Person on post-harvest technology – In charge of training, deployment and supervision of Mill Bouake and (with 20 processing effective installation of the post-harvest technologies - ASI thresher, GEM parboiling and rice processing neighbouring tons/week for to improve nutrition and access to market. towns) six months per year) 6 Ernst Zipel GIZ funded project - CORiS Coordinator - Coordinates regional initiative in rice seed production RINA SARL Rice Miller Final rice Côte d’Ivoire Milled rice 2,000 (50 Food Highly and supply to mitigate the effect of COVID-19. In charge of seed up-scale in four countries processing (Abidjan wholesalers x Processing effective (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire and Mali). The project benefits from breeder seeds supplied municipality and 32 retailers) + and by the TAAT Rice Compact for further multiplication. other towns) (4 farmer marketing cooperatives x 100 members) Appendix 3. Profile of the TAAT Partners for the FGDs EIFTC, Equipment Supply of Côte d’Ivoire Threshing and 180 (6 groups Mechanization Highly Bouchard Fabricator equipment to GEM parboiling x 30 members) (Threshing/ effective farmers and equipment Processing) processors Name Profile ANADER Seed Training and Côte d’Ivoire Climate smart National reach Technology Highly certification, technology varieties, GAP transfer effective 1 Jerome Addou RINA – Commercial rice processor and marketer – Was supported by TAAT to use GEM (rice Ag. transfer (Rice processing) husk fuelled) parboiling technology and improved milling operations to produce quality rice. Extension Producer and distributor of GEM parboiled rice, low glycemic rice, and polish rice in Abidjan- Services supermarkets and local marketers. Supports rice farmers with inputs for paddy production ADERIZ Ag. Training and Côte d’Ivoire Climate smart National reach Technology Highly through contract farming. Extension technology varieties, GAP transfer effective Services transfer 2 Camara Assétou Bouake IP Women Processing Group – Leader of the women and youth rice processing group GIZ-CORiS NGOs/Deve Financial and Côte d’Ivoire, Climate smart Regional reach Seed supply & Highly (Rice processing) in the Bouake IP composed of two main groups SCOOP-FG and ITC milling facility. SCOOP-FG lopment technical Benin, Burkina varieties and Technology effective produces and markets GEM (rice husk fuelled) parboiled rice and polished rice to wholesales Projects support Faso, Nigeria seeds upscale in Abidjan and Bouake. The group has recently acquired a destoner for self-use and for service for upscale provision to other actors in Bouake. ITC is a milling facility whose equipment was upgraded by 33 NGOs/Deve Financial and Côte d’Ivoire, Climate smart Regional reach Seed supply & Highly TAAT. ITC provides milling services to the Women in Bouake IP and other markets. Due to this 3 lopment technical Benin, Burkina varieties and Technology effective support, ITC was able to work and acquire a new and more efficient mill. ProCIV Projects support Faso, Nigeria seeds upscale for upscale 3 Brou Yves GRACI – Seed Enterprise benefits from breeder seeds supplied by the TAAT Rice Compact and COPRORIZ Farmer Technology use Côte d’Ivoire Climate smart National reach Technology Highly Lauret multiplies into foundation and certified seeds. The enterprise is also actively involved in Organization varieties, Seed, adoption effective (Seed awareness and demand creation of hybrid rice varieties that are being out scaled by TAAT GAP Enterprise) ENTENTE Farmer Technology use Côte d’Ivoire Climate smart National reach Technology Highly Organization varieties Seed, adoption effective GAP COOPEC Microfinance Credit support Côte d’Ivoire Climate smart National reach Agricultural Highly to varieties, Seed, financing effective value chain GAP actors 38 39 Appendix 5. The TAAT Rice Compact validated Theory of Change 4 Tiahmo Rauf – MANY – A seed enterprise that produces both foundation and certified seeds. It is involved in MANY (Seed promoting mechanized contract agriculture and in strengthening leadership in farmers’ Enterprise) groups and cooperatives. 5 Yeo Kadokan Post-Harvest & Processing and Value Addition Technology Leader -The Rice Compact Focal Inza – AMC-FC Person on post-harvest technology – In charge of training, deployment and supervision of (Seed installation of the post-harvest technologies - ASI thresher, GEM parboiling and rice processing Enterprise) to improve nutrition and access to market. 6 Ernst Zipel AMC-FC – A seed enterprise that produces both foundation and certified seeds. It holds the biggest seed and rice processing plants in Côte d’Ivoire and has played a leadership role in the development of the rice sector. Appendix 4. Individual Interviews Name Value chain Node Location 1 RINA SARL Rice Processor (Milling and GEM parboiling) Abidjan - Youpogon 2 Matta Goma Wholesaler Abidjan –Mami Fete Market 3 Coulibaly Wholesaler Abidjan – Wassakara Market 4 Mother Africa Needs Seed producer Bouake - Dabakala You (MANY) Appendix 6. The TAAT Rice Compact refined Results Chain 5 AMC-FC Seed Producer / processor Bongouanou 6 EIFTCI GEM Parboiler Fabricator Bouake 7 Kone Issiaka Paddy Rice producer Bouake 40 41 Appendix 7. Inputs distribution for beneficiaries Appendix 8. Cost of processing of parboiling rice AROMATIC NON-AROMATIC Items Value (FCFA Quantity SCOOP WG IP RINA SARL PRODUCTION COSTS Measurement unit Warehouse 5,000,000 1 - x RINA SCOOP RINA SCOOP construction SARL WG IP SARL WG IP GEM system 200,000 1 x x Transport FCFA/MT 3,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 Bags FCFA/MT 2,000 2,500 2,000 2,500 Vehicle repair 500,000 1 - x Rice collectors FCFA/MT 2,000 500 2,000 500 Sterilizer 1 - x Loading FCFA/MT 1,500 1,000 1,500 1,000 Parboiler 1 x x Unloading FCFA/MT 1,500 1,000 1,500 1,000 Husker 1 x x Storage FCFA/MT 4,875 4,000 4,875 4,000 Laundress 1 x x Parboiling FCFA/MT 27,500 15,000 27,500 15,000 Steaming tank 2 x - (600kg) Package FCFA/MT 2,000 4,300 2,000 4,300 Cooking pots (80kg) 1 x - Repackaging FCFA/MT - 3,000 - 3,000 Cooking pots (60kg) 2 x - Commission FCFA/MT 5,000 3,500 5,000 3,500 Furnace 3 x - Electricity FCFA/MT 3,500 2,500 3,500 2,500 Ventilator 3 x - Cleaning FCFA/MT 10,000 - 10,000 - Solar panel 1 x - Labor FCFA/MT - 2,000 - 2,000 Tarpaulin 2 x - Fuel FCFA/MT - 500 - 500 Labor saving devices x - Water FCFA/MT - 5,000 - 5,000 Big size basin 4 x - Purchase price of paddy FCFA/MT 222,000 220,000 182,000 200,000 Medium size basin 4 x - Sub-total cost FCFA/MT 284,875 266,300 244,875 246,300 Small size basin 4 x - Quantity of rice Calabash 5 x - purchased and processed MT 10 1 10 1 (weekly) Bucket 4 x - Total investment cost FCFA/MT 2,848,750 266,300 2,448,750 492,600 Costume 10 x - Boots 10 x - 1USD=557 FCFA at the time of the study Gloves 10 x - Rake 4 x - Tricycle 1 x - 42 43 Appendix 10. Value Chain Actors Characterization in Côte d’Ivoire Appendix 9. Investment cost of selling rice (Wholesale) INVESTMENT COSTS Measurement unit Matta Mme Kouadju Goma Coulibaly Natacha Transport cost FCFA 13,000 10,000 15,000 Bags costs FCFA 1,000 1,000 1,600 Loading cost FCFA 1,000 1,000 - Unloading cost FCFA 1,000 1,000 - Storage cost FCFA 15,000 30,000 25,000 Repackaging cost FCFA - - - Package cost FCFA - - - Tax FCFA 6,000 9,000 - Electricity FCFA - 6,000 4,000 Personnel FCFA - - 40,000 Communications FCFA - - 15,000 Marketing FCFA 1,500 1,500 6,000 Fuel FCFA - - Purchase price of milled rice FCFA 287,500 300,000 325,000 Sub-total FCFA 326,000 359,500 431,600 Quantity of rice bought MT 4 28 10.5 Total Investment cost FCFA 1,304,000 10,066,000 4,531,800 Selling of milled rice FCFA 420,000 450,000 525,000 Gross revenue FCFA 1,680,000 12,600,000 5,512,500 Net profit FCFA 376,000 2,534,000 980,700 CBR 0.29 0.25 0.22 1USD=557 FCFA at the time of the study 44 45 Appendix 11. Improved climate-smart and hybrid rice seed specifications Improved climate smart varieties & hybrids 1. NERICA L19 5.7 MT/Ha; Flood and Fe toxicity tolerant, Resistant / stem borers, bacterial leaf blight and blast. Good grain quality. Saidu, 2. ORYLUX 6 4.5-6.5 MT/Ha Aromatic long grain and good grain quality. Short duration with maturity in about 100 days. 3. NERICA 4 3-4 MT/Ha; Early maturity, drought and Striga tolerant. 4. Sahel 134, Sahel 210, Sahel 177, Sahel 108, Adapted to the Sahel conditions and tolerant to salinity 5. WAB 638-1 4-5 MT/Ha; Aromatic variety and known as AKADI in Côte d’Ivoire, 6. IR841 4-6 MT/Ha; long grain, aromatic known as AGRA rice in Ghana Saidu, 7. FARO 44; 3-4 MT/Ha; FARO 44 is long grain (most preferred) and produced in Nigeria 8. Bouake AM 3-4 MT/Ha Specifically grown in Côte d’Ivoire 9. AR051H 10 MT/Ha – Hybrid variety with aromatic long grain with good grain quality. (Over 40% yield increase over existing varieties) 10. AR032H; AR051H; AR708H; 5.8-10 MT/Ha – Hybrid (Over 40% yield increase over existing varieties) AR606H (Four other new Hybrids) Source: The Rice Compact seed road map, 2020 46 47 48 49 50