1 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee, 2025 Luisa Rubino1,*, Peter Abrahamian2, Wenxia An3, Miguel A. Aranda4, José T. Ascencio-Ibañez5, Nicolas Bejerman6, Arnaud G. Blouin7, Thierry Candresse8, Tomas Canto9, Mengji Cao10, John P. Carr11, Won Kyong Cho12, Fiona Constable13, Indranil Dasgupta14, Humberto Debat6, Ralf G. Dietzgen15, Michele Digiaro16, Livia Donaire4, Toufic Elbeaino16, Denis Fargette17, Fiona Filardo18, Matthias G. Fischer19, Nuria Fontdevila7, Adrian Fox20, Juliana Freitas-Astua21, Marc Fuchs22, Andrew D.W. Geering15, Mahan Ghafari23, Anders Hafrén24, John Hammond25, Rosemarie Hammond26, Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska27, Eugenie Hebrard28, Carmen Hernández29, Jean-Michel Hily30, Ahmed Hosseini31, Roger Hull32, Alice K. Inoue-Nagata33, Ramon Jordan25, Hideki Kondo34, Jan F. Kreuze35, Mart Krupovic36, Kenji Kubota37, Jens H. Kuhn38, Scott Leisner39, Jean-Michel Lett40, Chengyu Li3, Fan Li41, Jun Min Li42, Paola M. López- Lambertini43, Juan J. Lopez-Moya44, Francois Maclot8, Kristiina Mäkinen45, Darren Martin46, Sebastien Massart47, W. Allen Miller48, Musa Mohammadi49, Dimitre Mollov50, Emmanuelle Muller51, Tatsuya Nagata52, Jesús Navas- Castillo53, Yutaro Neriya54, Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona55, Kazusato Ohshima56, Vicente Pallás29, Hanu Pappu57, Karel Petrzik58, Mikhail Pooggin28, Maria Isabella Prigigallo1, Pedro L. Ramos-González59, Simone Ribeiro60, Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler61, Philippe Roumagnac62, Avijit Roy26, Sead Sabanadzovic63, Dana Šafářová64, Pasquale Saldarelli1, Hélène Sanfaçon65, Cecilia Sarmiento66, Takahide Sasaya67, Kay Scheets68, Willem E.W. Schravesande69, Susan Seal70, Yoshifumi Shimomoto71, Merike Sõmera66, Livia Stavolone1, Lucy R. Stewart72, Pierre-Yves Teycheney73, John E. Thomas15, Jeremy R. Thompson74, Antonio Tiberini75, Yasuhiro Tomitaka37, Ioannis Tzanetakis76, Marie Umber77, Cica Urbino28, Harrold A. van den Burg69, René A.A. Van der Vlugt78, Arvind Varsani79, Adriaan Verhage80, Dan Villamor76, Susanne von Bargen81, Peter J. Walker82, Thierry Wetzel83, Anna E. Whitfield84, Stephen J. Wylie85, Caixia Yang3, F. Murilo Zerbini86, Song Zhang10 and ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium ICTV VIRUS TAXONOMY SUMMARY Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 DOI 10.1099/jgv.0.002114 Received 15 April 2025; Accepted 13 May 2025; Published 25 July 2025 For numbered affiliations see end of the article. *Correspondence: Luisa Rubino, ​luisa.​rubino@​cnr.​it Abbreviations: CP, coat protein; ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; Pol, polymerase; Pro, protease. Supplementary files are available with the online version of this article. 002114 OPEN ACCESS Abstract In March 2025, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote, newly proposed taxa were added to those under the mandate of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee. In brief, 1 new order, 3 new families, 6 new genera, 2 new subgenera and 206 new species were created. Some taxa were reorganized. Genus Cytorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae was abolished and its taxa were redistributed into three new genera Alphacytorhabdovirus, Betacytorhabdovirus and Gammacytorhabdovirus. Genus Waikavirus in the family Secoviridae was reorganized into two subgenera (Actinidivirus and Ritunrivirus). One family and four previously unaffiliated genera were moved to the newly established order Tombendovirales. Twelve species not assigned to a genus were abolished. To comply with the ICTV mandate of a binomial format for virus species, eight species were renamed. Demarcation criteria in the absence of biological information were defined in the genus Ilarvirus (family Bromoviridae). This article presents the updated taxonomy put forth by the Plant Viruses Subcommittee and ratified by the ICTV. https://jgv.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/ https://jgv.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/ 2 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 INTRODUCTION The Plant Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) deals with the taxonomic classification of most viruses infecting or isolated from plants [1]. It consists of 22 Study Groups, composed of more than 180 members, covering 27 virus families. Viruses, viroids, satellite viruses and satellite nucleic acids originally isolated from plants have been classified into 2,392 species belonging to 247 genera in 55 families, 25 orders, 16 classes, 7 phyla, 3 kingdoms and 2 realms [2]. Following the 2025 ICTV ratification vote, these taxa were expanded by creating 1 new order, 3 new families, 6 new genera, 2 new subgenera and 206 new species. To comply with the ICTV mandate of a binomial format for virus species [3, 4], species names will consist of the genus name followed by a Latinized or not Latinized (freeform) epithet [5, 6]. The adoption of the binomial format for virus species names was completed by renaming eight species. Similarly, 12 species in the families Rhabdoviridae and Tombusviridae were abolished because they could not be assigned to a genus due to the lack of a genome sequence. Viruses in many of the new species were discovered by metagenomic analysis and were classified according to Simmonds et al. [7]. Some established taxa have been extensively reorganized. The family Rhabdoviridae has been expanded by the creation of one new genus, whereas the genus Cytorhabdovirus was abolished and replaced with three new genera Alphacytorhabdovirus, Beta- cytorhabdovirus and Gammacytorhabdovirus, representing distinct evolutionary lineages. In the family Secoviridae, one new genus was created and the established genus Waikavirus was reorganized into two subgenera. The establishment of the new order Tombendovirales allowed the placement of four previously unaffiliated genera of plant satellite viruses into four families based on high-resolution capsid structure studies rather than sequence identity. The classification of viruses discovered by metagenomics prompted some refinement of demarcation criteria in the absence of biological information. For instance, species demarcation criteria based on ‘serology, host range and sequence similarity’ in the genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae, have been refined to require less than 85% amino acid identity for the complete RNA2- encoded 2a protein. All of these changes contribute to the advancement of virus taxonomy. To disseminate taxonomy decisions, the annual publication of summaries of all taxonomy proposals from each ICTV Subcommittee will provide a compendium of the taxonomy changes [8]. Therefore, the updated taxonomy from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee as now accepted by the ICTV is summarized in this article. It should be noted that the article does not necessarily cover all changes in the taxonomy of plant viruses, and consultation of reports from the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee [9] and the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee [10] may be needed. A file including all the Tables of taxonomic changes below is available as a supplementary file to this article. MAIN TEXT CONTENTS 2024.001P.Fimoviridae_1nsp 2024.002P.Alphaflexiviridae_7nsp 2024.003P.Tospoviridae_2nsp 2024.004P.Konkoviridae_1nsp 2024.005P.Caulimoviridae_3nsp 2024.006P.Kitaviridae_3nsp 2024.007P.Geminiviridae_Capulavirus_1nsp 2024.008P.Geminiviridae_Citlodavirus_2nsp 2024.009P.Geminiviridae_Mastrevirus_5nsp 2024.010P.Geminiviridae_Begomovirus_18nsp 2024.011P.Bromoviridae_4nsp 2024.012P.Potyviridae_1ng_10nsp 2024.013P.Secoviridae_1ng_2nsg_34nsp 2024.014P.Rhabdoviridae_2nsp 2024.015P.Rhabdoviridae_Cytorhabdovirus_splitgen 2024.016P.Rhabdoviridae_1ngen_5nsp 2024.017P.Tombusviridae_abolishsp 2024.018P.Tombusviridae_1nsp 2024.019P.Closteroviridae_1nsp 2024.021P.Riboviria_1nord 2024.022P.Betaflexiviridae_abolishsp 3 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 2024.023P.Solemoviridae_rename_sp 2024.024P.Tymoviridae_abolish_sp 2024.001P.Fimoviridae_1nsp Title: Create Emaravirus clematis as a new species in the genus Emaravirus, family Fimoviridae Authors: Yang C., An W., Li C., Zhang S., Cao M., Digiaro M. (​digiaro@​iamb.​it), Elbeaino T., Kubota K., Ochoa Corona F.M., von Bargen S. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy The family Fimoviridae currently includes 32 virus species in the genus Emaravirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add one (1) new virus species to genus Emaravirus within the family Fimoviridae. Justification The creation of the new species Emaravirus clematis in the genus Emaravirus, family Fimoviridae, is proposed to accommodate Clematis yellow mottle-associated virus, identified in China on Clematis brevicaudata DC. The virus assigned to the new species consists of a fully sequenced five-segmented, linear, single-stranded (ss), negative-sense RNA genome (of which two RNA3s encode the nucleocapsid protein), which shows features common to homologous RNAs of viruses assigned to other Emaravirus species but from which they differ significantly in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Submitted: 30/04/24; Revised: 16/09/24 Table 1.  Fimoviridae, 1 new taxon* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Emaravirus clematis Clematis yellow mottle- associated virus RNA1: OP807964; RNA2: OP807965; RNA3a: OP807966; RNA3b: OP807967; RNA4: OP807968 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​001P.​Fimoviridae_​1nsp.​zip. 2024.002P.Alphaflexiviridae_7nsp Title: Create seven new species in the family Alphaflexiviridae Authors: Abrahamian P., Donaire L., Candresse T., Fox A., Hammond J., Hasiów-Jaroszewska B., Kreuze J., Rubino L., Aranda M.A. (​m.​aranda@​cebas.​csic.​es) Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy The family Alphaflexiviridae currently includes 65 virus species in genera Allexivirus (13), Botrexvirus (1), Lolavirus (1), Platypuvirus (1), Potexvirus (48) and Sclerodarnavirus (1). Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add seven (7) new virus species to genera Allexivirus (1), Botrexvirus (2) and Potexvirus (4) within the family Alphaflexiviridae. Justification Throughout the family, isolates of viruses assigned to different species have less than 72% nucleotide identity (or 80% amino acid identity) among their respective coat protein or polymerase genes (or proteins). Viruses from different genera usually have <45% nucleotide identity in these genes. The nucleotide or amino acid sequences of viruses belonging to the seven newly proposed species fit well within these demarcation criteria. Submitted: 14/06/24 https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001P.Fimoviridae_1nsp.zip 4 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Table 2.  Alphaflexiviridae, 7 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Allexivirus rehmanniae Rehmannia allexivirus PP097219 New taxon Species Botrexvirus unosclerotiniae Sclerotinia sclerotiorum alphaflexivirus 1 ON993219 New taxon Species Botrexvirus duosclerotiniae Sclerotinia sclerotiorum alphaflexivirus 2 OQ865609 New taxon Species Potexvirus ecsadenii Adenium obesum virus X OR039325 New taxon Species Potexvirus chaenostomae Chaenostoma potexvirus OL979628 New taxon Species Potexvirus ecshibisci Hibiscus virus X PP115950 New taxon Species Potexvirus ecscaricae papaya virus X MN265368 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​002P.​Alphaflexiviridae_​7nsp.​zip. 2024.003P.Tospoviridae_2nsp Title: Create two new species in the genus Orthotospovirus (Elliovirales: Tospoviridae) Authors: Tomitaka Y., Shimomoto Y., Sasaya T. (​tsasaya@​affrc.​go.​jp) Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy The family Tospoviridae currently includes 28 virus species in the genus Orthotospovirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add two (2) new virus species to genus Orthotospovirus within the family Tospoviridae. Justification It is proposed that two (2) newly discovered tospovirids be classified into new species in the genus Orthotospovirus on the basis of species demarcation criteria in the amino acid sequence of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase and nucleocapsid protein. Submitted: 13/06/24 Table 3.  Tospoviridae, 2 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Orthotospovirus eustomae lisianthus necrotic ringspot virus MF469045; MF469046; MF469047 New taxon Species Orthotospovirus fatsiae Fatsia japonica ringspot-associated virus LC626335; LC626336; LC626337 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​003P.​Tospoviridae_​2nsp.​zip. 2024.004P.Konkoviridae_1nsp Title: Create one new species in the genus Olpivirus (Hareavirales: Konkoviridae) Authors: Neriya Y., Schravesande W.E.W., van den Burg H.A., Verhage A., Tomitaka Y., Sasaya T. (​tsasaya@​affrc.​go.​jp) Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy The family Konkoviridae currently includes one virus species in the genus Olpivirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add one (1) new virus species to genus Olpivirus within the family Konkoviridae. Justification It is proposed that one (1) newly discovered konkovirid be classified into a new species in the genus Olpivirus on the basis of a species demarcation criterion of <95% identity in the amino acid sequence of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase. Submitted: 13/06/24; Revised: 07/10/24 https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002P.Alphaflexiviridae_7nsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003P.Tospoviridae_2nsp.zip 5 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Table 4.  Konkoviridae, 1 new taxon* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Olpivirus lactucae Lactuca big vein associated phlebovirus RNA1: OR610326; RNA2: OR610327; RNA3: OR610328; RNA4: OR610329 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​004P.​Konkoviridae_​1nsp.​zip. 2024.005P.Caulimoviridae_3nsp Title: Create three new species in the genus Badnavirus (Ortervirales: Caulimoviridae) Authors: Umber M., Dasgupta I., Geering A.D.W., Hafrén A., Hull R., Kreuze J., Leisner S., Muller E., Pappu H., Pooggin M., Richert-Pöggeler K.R., Seal S., Stavolone L., Teycheney P.Y. (​teycheney@​cirad.​fr) Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus (Badnavirus) Description of current taxonomy The family Caulimoviridae [11] currently comprises 11 genera whose members share a similar genome organization. The molecular species demarcation criterion is <80% identity of nucleotide sequences in the reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H region of the polymerase. Genus Badnavirus [12] currently includes 71 species and is the largest genus within the family Caulimoviridae. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add three (3) new species to the genus Badnavirus (Badnavirus fatsiae, Badnavirus tetainflatheobromae and Badnavirus ziziphi). Justification Complete genomes of the exemplar members of the three proposed new species were sequenced and published recently. Their organizations are similar to those of other members of the genus Badnavirus. Phylogenetic analyses place them in this genus as distinct representatives of novel species. Submitted: 14/06/2024 Table 5.  Caulimoviridae, 3 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Badnavirus fatsiae Fatsia badnavirus 1 OM540428 New taxon Species Badnavirus tetainflatheobromae cacao swollen shoot Ghana T virus MN179342 New taxon Species Badnavirus ziziphi jujube badnavirus WS OL739567 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​005P.​Caulimoviridae_​3nsp.​zip. 2024.006P.Kitaviridae_3nsp Title: Create a new species in the genus Cilevirus and two in the genus Higrevirus, family Kitaviridae (Martellivirales) Authors: Li C., An W., Zhang S., Cao M., Yang C. (​xueyang27@​126.​com), Mohammadi M., Hosseini A., Nasrollanejad S., Roy A., Freitas-Astua J., Tiberini A., Li J.M., Ramos-González P.L. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy Family Kitaviridae, order Martellivirales, includes plant-infecting viruses having linear single-stranded (ss) positive-sense (+) segmented RNA genomes. Viruses in this family are assigned to the genera Cilevirus, Higrevirus or Blunervirus [13, 14]. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add three (3) new species to the family Kitaviridae, one (1) to the genus Cilevirus and two (2) to the genus Higrevirus. Justification The genomes of the three novel viruses show an arrangement that resembles that of kitavirids, and their core conserved proteins share relatively low amino acid sequence identities (<85%) with recognized members of the family Kitaviridae. In phylogenetic analyses, the three viruses group with characterized members of the genera Cilevirus and Higrevirus, but they https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004P.Konkoviridae_1nsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005P.Caulimoviridae_3nsp.zip 6 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 are well-separated and supported by bootstrap values >95%. All new species meet the already established or the demarcation criteria defined in this proposal. Submitted: 11/06/2024 Table 6.  Kitaviridae, 3 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Higrevirus amurense Phellodendron-associated higre-like virus RNA1: OP324809; RNA2: OP324810; RNA3: OP324811 New taxon Species Higrevirus pistaciae pistachio virus X RNA1: MT334620; RNA2: MT334619; RNA3: MT334618 New taxon Species Cilevirus pistaciae pistachio virus Y RNA1: MT362606; RNA2: MT362605 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​006P.​Kitaviridae_​3nsp.​zip. 2024.007P.Geminiviridae_Capulavirus_1nsp Title: Create one new species in the genus Capulavirus (Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae) Authors: Roumagnac P. (​philippe.​roumagnac@​cirad.​fr), Ascencio-Ibanez J., Lett J.-M., López-Lambertini P.M., Martin D.P., Navas-Castillo J., Ribeiro S., Urbino C., Varsani A., Zerbini F.M. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus (Capulavirus) Description of current taxonomy Monodnaviria: Shotokuvirae: Cressdnaviricota: Repensiviricetes: Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae: Capulavirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add one (1) new species to the genus Capulavirus (Capulavirus trifolii). Justification Similar to members of the Capulavirus genus, members of the proposed new species Capulavirus trifolii have the virion-strand origin of replication nonanucleotide motif ‘TAATATTAC’ and show a typical capulavirus genome organization, with putative multiple overlapping short ORFs (V3 and V4) upstream of the coat protein gene that encode putative movement proteins. In addition, genome-wide pairwise analysis of the representative genomes of capulaviruses showed that viruses in the species Capulavirus trifolii share <78% identity with all representative genomes of capulaviruses. Because 78% nucleotide identity is the genome-wide species demarcation threshold for capulaviruses, it was concluded that Capulavirus trifolii represents a new species in the genus Capulavirus. Submitted: 10/06/24 Table 7.  Geminiviridae, 1 new taxon* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Capulavirus trifolii Trifolium virus 1 MW698813 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​007P.​Geminiviridae_​Capulavirus_​1nsp.​zip. 2024.008P.Geminiviridae_Citlodavirus_2nsp Title: Create two new species in the genus Citlodavirus (Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae) Authors: Roumagnac P. (​philippe.​roumagnac@​cirad.​fr), Ascencio-Ibanez J., Lett J.-M., López-Lambertini P.M., Martin D.P., Navas-Castillo J., Ribeiro S., Urbino C., Varsani A., Zerbini F.M. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus (Citlodavirus) Description of current taxonomy Monodnaviria: Shotokuvirae: Cressdnaviricota: Repensiviricetes: Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae: Citlodavirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.006P.Kitaviridae_3nsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007P.Geminiviridae_Capulavirus_1nsp.zip 7 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Add two (2) new species to genus Citlodavirus (Citlodavirus apijamaicaense and Citlodavirus myricae). Justification Similar to members of the Citlodavirus genus, members of the proposed new species Citlodavirus apijamaicaense and Citlo- davirus myricae have the virion-strand origin of replication nonanucleotide motif ‘TAA TAT TAC’, a relatively large genome (3,918 and 3,775 nt, respectively) and unique genome arrangements that, in both cases, include the putative mp gene (888 and 912 nt, respectively) that is similar in size to the mp gene in the DNA-B of bipartite begomoviruses. Genome-wide pairwise analysis of the representative genomes of citlodaviruses showed that viruses in the species Citlodavirus apijamaicaense and Citlodavirus myricae share <78% identity with all representative genomes of citlodaviruses and with each other. Since 78% nucleotide identity is the genome-wide species demarcation threshold for citlodaviruses, it has been concluded that Citlodavirus apijamaicaense and Citlodavirus myricae represent two new species in the genus Citlodavirus. Submitted: 10/06/2024 Table 8.  Geminiviridae, 2 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Citlodavirus apijamaicaense apiscitlodal virus PP467584 New taxon Species Citlodavirus myricae Myrica rubra citlodavirus 1 OP374189 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​008P.​Geminiviridae_​Citlodavirus_​2nsp.​zip. 2024.009P.Geminiviridae_Mastrevirus_5nsp Title: Establish five new species in the genus Mastrevirus Authors: Varsani A. (​Arvind.​varsani@​asu.​edu), Martin D.P., Roumagnac P., Ascencio-Ibanez J., Lett J.-M., López-Lambertini P.M., Navas-Castillo J., Ribeiro S., Urbino C., Zerbini F.M. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy Monodnaviria: Shotokuvirae: Cressdnaviricota: Repensiviricetes: Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae: Mastrevirus. Within the genus Mastrevirus, viruses are classified into species based on a 78% genome-wide pairwise identity threshold [15]. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add five (5) new species to classify a suite of new mastreviruses that have been identified over the last year or so. Justification The members of the five new proposed species in the genus Mastrevirus share <78% genome-wide pairwise identity with sequences of members of currently established mastrevirus species. Submitted: 10/06/24 Table 9.  Geminiviridae, 5 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Mastrevirus urochloareunionense Urochloa decumbens associated virus OQ451139 New taxon Species Mastrevirus nomiae nomiamastrel virus PP467585 New taxon Species Mastrevirus brachypodiumprimi Brachypodium phoenicoides associated virus 1 OR596402 New taxon Species Mastrevirus bothriochloae Bothriochloa barbinodis associated virus OR596403 New taxon Species Mastrevirus brachypodiumsecundi Brachypodium phoenicoides associated virus 2 OR596405 *Source/full text:https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​009P.​Geminiviridae_​Mastrevirus_​5nsp.​zip. 2024.010P.Geminiviridae_Begomovirus_18nsp Title: Create 18 new species in the genus Begomovirus (Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae) Authors: Zerbini F.M. (​zerbini@​ufv.​br), Ascencio-Ibanez J., Lett J.M., Navas-Castillo J., Urbino C., López-Lambertini P.M., Martin D.P., Ribeiro S.G., Roumagnac P., Varsani A. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008P.Geminiviridae_Citlodavirus_2nsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.009P.Geminiviridae_Mastrevirus_5nsp.zip 8 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species in the genus Begomovirus Description of current taxonomy Monodnaviria: Shotokuvirae: Cressdnaviricota: Repensiviricetes: Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae: Begomovirus. Within the genus Begomovirus, viruses are classified into species based on a 91% genome-wide (or DNA-A in the case of bipartite viruses) pairwise identity threshold [16]. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Creation of 18 new species to classify new begomoviruses that have been identified and described in the literature over the last 3 years. Justification All 18 proposed new species have <91% genome-wide (or DNA-A in the case of bipartite viruses) pairwise identity with sequences of members of currently established begomovirus species. Submitted: 10/06/24 Table 10.  Begomovirus, 18 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Begomovirus chuxiongense tomato leaf curl Chuxiong virus OR543988 New taxon Species Begomovirus solanumaureusreti tomato golden net virus MT214095 New taxon Species Begomovirus solanumflavusreti tomato yellow net virus MT214096 New taxon Species Begomovirus whitaniae Withania leaf curl virus OP617239 New taxon Species Begomovirus cajani Cajanus scarabaeoides yellow mosaic virus OM397101; OM397102 New taxon Species Begomovirus hortuscrotoni garden croton enation leaf curl virus MW816855; MW816857 New taxon Species Begomovirus jatrophagunturense Jatropha leaf curl Guntur virus MZ217773 New taxon Species Begomovirus hyptidis Hyptis golden mosaic virus ON073795; ON073796 New taxon Species Begomovirus galii Galium leaf distortion virus OL689630 New taxon Species Begomovirus myanmarense tobacco curly shoot Myanmar virus MK920410 New taxon Species Begomovirus caboniensis Cnidoscolus mild mosaic virus MZ465527; MZ465585 New taxon Species Begomovirus pyrenacanthae Pyrenacantha yellow mosaic virus MZ390982; MZ390984 New taxon Species Begomovirus puerense tobacco leaf curl Puer virus MZ465370 New taxon Species Begomovirus solanumdistorsionis tomato mottle leaf distortion virus MW561191; MW650837 New taxon Species Begomovirus alceacrispi hollyhock vein yellowing virus LK028571 New taxon Species Begomovirus muntiflavi Muntingia yellow spot virus MW032664; MW032665 New taxon Species Begomovirus flavintervenae tomato interveinal yellowing virus MW057360 New taxon Species Begomovirus sidaflavitessellati Sida yellow mosaic Gujarat virus KX513859 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​010P.​Geminiviridae_​Begomovirus_​18nsp.​zip. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.010P.Geminiviridae_Begomovirus_18nsp.zip 9 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 2024.011P.Bromoviridae_4nsp Title: Create four (4) new species in the genus Ilarvirus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae) Authors: Thompson J.R. (​jeremy.​thompson@​mpi.​govt.​nz), Canto T., Carr J.P., Pallás V., Šafářová D. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy The family Bromoviridae currently includes 49 virus species in genera Alfamovirus (1), Anulavirus (4), Bromovirus (7), Cucu- movirus (4), Ilarvirus (32) and Oleavirus (1). Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add four (4) new virus species to genus Ilarvirus within the family Bromoviridae. Justification This taxonomic proposal considers the recognition of four new virus species based on species demarcation criteria in the family Bromoviridae, genus Ilarvirus of ‘serology, host range and sequence similarity’. In the absence of biological information, it is proposed that a refinement of the ‘sequence similarity’ criterion be made to require that members of different species display <85% amino acid identity for the complete RNA2-encoded 2a protein. Submitted: 10/06/24; Revised: 07/10/24 Table 11.  Bromoviridae, 4 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Ilarvirus ApNMV apple necrotic mosaic virus LC108993; LC108994; LC108995 New taxon Species Ilarvirus BabIV1 babaco ilarvirus 1 OQ256238; OQ256239; OQ256240 New taxon Species Ilarvirus TIV1 tomato ilarvirus 1 OL472057; OL472058; OL472059 New taxon Species Ilarvirus ToNSV tomato necrotic spot virus MH780154; MH780155; MH780156 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​011P.​Bromoviridae_​4nsp.​zip. 2024.012P.Potyviridae_1ng_10nsp Title: Create 1 new genus (Phragmivirus) with 2 species and 8 new species in the genus Potyvirus (Patatavirales: Potyviridae) Authors: Inoue-Nagata A.K. (​alice.​nagata@​embrapa.​br), Jordan R., Kreuze J.F., Li F., Lopez-Moya J.J., Mäkinen K., Ohshima K., Wylie S.J. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus within the family Potyviridae and species within the genus Potyvirus and the newly proposed genus Phragmivirus Description of current taxonomy According to the ICTV Report chapter on Potyviridae, 12 genera are differentiated by biological criteria, mainly transmission by specific vectors, and by molecular data, in which members of different genera are <46% identical in nucleotide sequence. Members of different species have complete ORF sequences that are generally <76% identical in nucleotide sequence and <82% identical in amino acid sequence. In considering the evidence for new species or genera in the family Potyviridae, the Study Group will evaluate each new case based on complete- or near-complete genome sequence(s) together with host and biological characteristics. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Create one (1) new genus (Phragmivirus), two (2) new species in the genus Phragmivirus (Phragmivirus phragmii and Phrag- mivirus spartinae) and eight (8) new species in the genus Potyvirus (Potyvirus aconiti, Potyvirus puerariae, Potyvirus alilii, Potyvirus parisflavitessellati, Potyvirus catharanthiflavitessellati, Potyvirus polygonatimaculae, Potyvirus crocitessellati and Potyvirus galanthi). Justification The genomes of the proposed members in the new genus Phragmivirus share sequence identity below the threshold for genus differentiation in the family Potyviridae; members of the proposed species have a genome strategy typical of members of genus Phragmivirus (two species) and Potyvirus (eight species), and their nucleotide and amino acid sequences are below the threshold for species demarcation criteria for the genera. Submitted: 11/06/24; Revised: 21/09/24 https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.011P.Bromoviridae_4nsp.zip 10 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Table 12.  Potyviridae, 11 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Potyvirus aconiti Aconitum virus 2 MZ389235 New taxon Species Potyvirus puerariae kudzu chlorotic ring blotch virus OQ148665 New taxon Species Potyvirus alilii lily virus A OR879085 New taxon Species Potyvirus parisflavitessellati Paris yunnanensis mosaic chlorotic virus ON871824 New taxon Species Potyvirus catharanthiflavitessellati periwinkle mild yellow mosaic virus PP382205 New taxon Species Potyvirus polygonatimaculae Polygonatum kingianum mottle virus ON428226 New taxon Species Potyvirus crocitessellati saffron yellow mosaic virus OK632024 New taxon Species Potyvirus galanthi snowdrop virus Y OP871788 New taxon Genus Phragmivirus New taxon Species Phragmivirus phragmii common reed chlorotic stripe virus KY612317 New taxon Species Phragmivirus spartinae Spartina mottle virus MN788417 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​012P.​Potyviridae_​1ng_​10nsp.​zip. 2024.013P.Secoviridae_1ng_2nsg_34nsp Title: Create a new genus, two new subgenera and 34 new species in the family Secoviridae (Picornavirales) Authors: Fuchs M. (​mf13@​cornell.​edu), Hily J.-M., Petrzik K., Sanfaçon H., Stewart L., Thompson J.R., Van der Vlugt R.A.A., Wetzel T. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus, subgenus, species Description of current taxonomy The recognition of new virus species is based on demarcation criteria in the family Secoviridae of <75% amino acid sequence identity in the coat protein (CP)(s) and/or <80% amino acid sequence identity in the conserved protease (Pro)-polymerase (Pol) region (from the protease CG motif to the polymerase GDD motif) and/or distinct plant hosts and biological properties. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Create one (1) new genus (Mersevirus), two (2) new subgenera in the genus Waikavirus (Ritunrivirus and Actinidivirus), create two (2) new species in the genus Fabavirus (Fabavirus betavitis and Fabavirus cirsii), create four (4) new species in the new genus Mersevirus (Mersevirus mercurialis, Mersevirus paris, Mersevirus boehmeriae and Mersevirus jujubae), create two (2) new species in the genus Nepovirus (Nepovirus betaparis and Nepovirus mirae), create three (3) new species in the genus Sadwavirus (Sadwavirus cattleyae, Sadwavirus gymnemae and Sadwavirus chrysanthemi), create three (3) new species in the genus Torradovirus (Torradovirus physalis, Torradovirus nanorugosum and Torradovirus arctii) and create 20 new species in the genus Waikavirus (Waikavirus ajugae, Waikavirus anacycli, Waikavirus betacamelliae, Waikavirus eleocharis, Waikavirus hirtae, Waikavirus juglandis, Waikavirus ligustici, Waikavirus mertensiae, Waikavirus populi, Waikavirus pedicularis, Waika- virus primulae, Waikavirus querci, Waikavirus ranunculi, Waikavirus thymi, Waikavirus trifoccidentale, Waikavirus thapsiae, Waikavirus violae, Waikavirus carotae, Waikavirus celtis and Waikavirus pittospori). Justification The proposed new genus Mersevirus is based on the distinct genome organization of Mersevirus mercurialis, Mersevirus paris, Mersevirus boehmeriae and Mersevirus jujubae with a Ham1 domain with predicted inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity at the C-terminus of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase – a feature unique among members of the family Secoviridae – and a grouping on a monophyletic clade of the amino acid sequence of the CPs and conserved Pro-Pol region. The proposed new subgenus Ritunrivirus is based on a statistically supported single lineage of 22 distinct species in the genus Waikavirus defined by the amino acid sequence of the combined three CPs and the conserved Pro-Pol region. The proposed new subgenus Actinidivirus is based on a statistically supported single lineage of 16 distinct species in the genus Waikavirus defined by the https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.012P.Potyviridae_1ng_10nsp.zip 11 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 amino acid sequence of the combined 3 CPs and conserved Pro-Pol region. The creation of the proposed new 34 species is based on <75% amino acid sequence identity in the CP(s) and/or <80% amino acid sequence identity in the conserved Pro-Pol region (from the protease CG motif to the polymerase GDD motif) compared with members of classified species of the family Secoviridae. Submitted: 10/06/24; Revised: 11/10/24 Table 13.  Secoviridae, 37 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Genus Mersevirus New taxon Species Mersevirus boehmeriae Boehmeria nivea secovirus BK061322; BK061323 New taxon Species Mersevirus jujubae jujube-associated virus 1 MT375548; MT375547 New taxon Species Mersevirus mercurialis Mercurialis secovirus 1 OR544055; OR544056 New taxon Species Mersevirus paris Paris polyphylla secovirus 2 BK061330; BK061331 New taxon Subgenus Actinidivirus New taxon Species Waikavirus betacamelliae Camellia virus B BK062984 New taxon Species Waikavirus carotae carrot psyllid-borne associated virus OM801008 New taxon Species Waikavirus celtis hackberry virus A OP533794 New taxon Species Waikavirus hirtae Ficus hirta waikavirus BK062987 New taxon Species Waikavirus juglandis Juglans nigra waikavirus BK062989 New taxon Species Waikavirus pittospori Pittosporum tobira virus OR659471 New taxon Species Waikavirus populi Populus alba waikavirus BK062992 New taxon Species Waikavirus querci Quercus robur waikavirus BK062996 New taxon Species Waikavirus trifoccidentale Trifolium occidentale waikavirus BK063000 New taxon Subgenus Ritunrivirus New taxon Species Waikavirus ajugae Ajuga reptans waikavirus BK062980 New taxon Species Waikavirus anacycli Anacyclus depressus waikavirus BK062979 New taxon Species Waikavirus eleocharis Eleocharis dulcis waikavirus BK062986 New taxon Species Waikavirus ligustici Ligusticum chuanxiong waikavirus BK062990 New taxon Species Waikavirus mertensiae Mertensia paniculata waikavirus BK062991 New taxon Species Waikavirus pedicularis Pedicularis rex waikavirus BK062993 New taxon Species Waikavirus primulae Primula vulgaris waikavirus BK062995 New taxon Species Waikavirus ranunculi Ranunculus cantoniensis waikavirus BK062997 New taxon Species Waikavirus thapsiae Thapsia villosa waikavirus BK063001 New taxon Species Waikavirus thymi Thymus vulgaris waikavirus BK062999 New taxon Species Waikavirus violae Viola inconspicua waikavirus BK063002 New taxon Species Fabavirus betavitis grapevine secovirus OR947508; OR947509 New taxon Species Fabavirus cirsii Cirsium virus A OP794357; OP794358 New taxon Species Nepovirus betaparis Paris polyphylla secovirus 1 BK061328; BK061329 New taxon Species Nepovirus mirae Prunus mira virus A BK064709; BK064710 New taxon Species Sadwavirus cattleyae Cattleya purple ringspot virus OR439368; OR439369 Continued 12 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Sadwavirus gymnemae Gymnema sylvestre virus 1 BK062888; BK062889 New taxon Species Sadwavirus chysanthemi chrysanthemum sadwavirus OR413567; OR413568 New taxon Species Torradovirus arctii burdock mosaic virus OQ087134; OQ087135 New taxon Species Torradovirus nanorugosum potato rugose stunting virus ON871623; ON871624 New taxon Species Torradovirus physalis Physalis torrado virus MZ357183; MZ357184 Table 14.  Secoviridae, 13 move taxa* Operation Rank Taxon name Old parent taxon New parent taxon Move taxon Species Waikavirus actinidiae Waikavirus Subgenus Actinidivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus camelliae Waikavirus Subgenus Actinidivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus diospyri Waikavirus Subgenus Actinidivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus liegense Waikavirus Subgenus Actinidivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus rhododendri Waikavirus Subgenus Actinidivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus brassicae Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus campanulae Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus lactucae Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus oryzae Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus ribesnigri Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus rosae Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus trifolii Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus Move taxon Species Waikavirus zeae Waikavirus Subgenus Ritunrivirus *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​013P.​Secoviridae_​1ng_​2nsg_​34nsp.​zip. 2024.014P.Rhabdoviridae_2nsp Title: Create one new species in the genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus and one species in the genus Betanucleorhabdovirus, subfamily Betarhabdovirinae (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae) Authors: Bejerman N. (​bejerman.​nicolas@​inta.​gob.​ar), Debat H., Dietzgen R., Freitas-Astua J., Kondo H., Ramos-Gonzalez P., Whitfield A., Walker P. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy Viruses classified in the genera Alphanucleorhabdovirus and Betanucleorhabdovirus infect a wide range of plants, and the assignment of viruses to these genera is based on the placement of the viruses on maximum likelihood trees inferred from complete L protein sequences. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add one (1) new species to the genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus (Alphanucleorhabdovirus babaci) and one (1) new species in the genus Betanucleorhabdovirus (Betanucleorhabdovirus paridis). Justification Two novel rhabdoviruses were identified in babaco [17] and Paris polyphylla [18]. The characterization of both viruses showed that the babaco-associated virus should be classified as a novel species within the genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus, while the P. polyphylla-associated virus should be classified as a novel species within the genus Betanucleorhabdovirus. Submitted: 10/06/24 Table 13.  Continued https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.013P.Secoviridae_1ng_2nsg_34nsp.zip 13 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Table 15.  Rhabdoviridae, 2 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Alphanucleorhabdovirus babaci babaco nucleorhabdovirus 1 OQ256237 New taxon Species Betanucleorhabdovirus paridis Paris yunnanensis rhabdovirus 1 OL439478 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​014P.​Rhabdoviridae_​2nsp.​zip. 2024.015P.Rhabdoviridae_Cytorhabdovirus_splitgen Title: Abolish one genus and create three new genera to include 98 new species in the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae (Mononega- virales: Rhabdoviridae) Authors: Bejerman N. (​bejerman.​nicolas@​inta.​gob.​ar), Debat H., Dietzgen R., Freitas-Astua J., Kondo H., Ramos-Gonzalez P., Whitfield A., Walker P. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus and species Description of current taxonomy Viruses classified in the genus Cytorhabdovirus infect a wide range of plants, and the assignment of viruses to this genus is based on the placement of the viruses on maximum likelihood trees inferred from complete L protein sequences. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Abolish the genus Cytorhabdovirus and add three (3) new genera (Alphacytorhabdovirus, Betacytorhabdovirus and Gamma- cytorhabdovirus), including 98 new species in the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae). Abolish four (4) Cytorhabdovirus species and reassign the remaining species to the new genera. Justification Recently, 98 new putative cytorhabdoviruses were discovered. The phylogenetic relationships of the now significantly expanded number of known cytorhabdoviruses provide support for splitting the genus Cytorhabdovirus into three genera that represent distinct evolutionary lineages to be named Alphacytorhabdovirus, Betacytorhabdovirus and Gammacytorhabdovirus. Also, it is proposed that four Cytorhabdovirus species be abolished based on the lack of sequence data for them. Submitted: 10/06/24; Revised: 03/10/24 Table 16.  Rhabdoviridae, 101 new taxa*. Table too large, see supplementary information sheet supp_info_tab_16 Table 17.  Rhabdoviridae, 51 move; rename taxa*. Table too large, see supplementary information sheet supp_info_tab_17 Table 18.  Rhabdoviridae, 4 abolish taxa* Operation Rank Abolished taxon name Abolish taxon Species Cytorhabdovirus brassicae Abolish taxon Species Cytorhabdovirus festucae Abolish taxon Species Cytorhabdovirus sonchi Abolish taxon Species Cytorhabdovirus tritici *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​015P.​Rhabdoviridae_​Cytorhabdovirus_​splitgen.​zip. 2024.016P.Rhabdoviridae_1ngen_5nsp Title: Create one new genus to include five new species in the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae) Authors: Bejerman N. (​bejerman.​nicolas@​inta.​gob.​ar), Debat H., Dietzgen R.G., Freitas-Astua J., Kondo H., Ramos-Gonzalez P., Whitfield A., Walker P. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.014P.Rhabdoviridae_2nsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.015P.Rhabdoviridae_Cytorhabdovirus_splitgen.zip 14 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus and species Description of current taxonomy Almost all viruses classified in the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae, family Rhabdoviridae, are unsegmented, but plant-associated rhabdoviruses with bi-segmented genomes have also been identified and included in the genera Varicosavirus and Dichorhavirus within the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae. The assignment of viruses to these genera is based on the placement of the viruses on maximum likelihood trees inferred from complete L protein sequences. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add one (1) new genus to include five (5) new species in the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae, family Rhabdoviridae. These new species (Trirhavirus alni, Trirhavirus chrysanthemi, Trirhavirus erysimi, Trirhavirus medicagonis and Trirhavirus picridis) are placed in a new genus named Trirhavirus. Justification Five novel rhabdoviruses were identified in Alnus rubra, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Erysimum nevadense, Medicago sativa and Picris echioides [19]. Unexpectedly, these five viruses have tri-segmented genomes, which represent the first tri-segmented genomes among rhabdoviruses. The characterization of these five viruses showed they should be classified as members of novel species within a novel genus within the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae, family Rhabdoviridae, for which the name Trirhavirus is proposed [19]. Submitted: 10/06/24 Table 19.  Rhabdoviridae, 6 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Genus Trirhavirus New taxon Species Trirhavirus alni Alnus trirhavirus 1 BK064247; BK064248; BK064249 New taxon Species Trirhavirus chrysanthemi chrysanthemum trirhavirus 1 BK064250; BK064251; BK064252 New taxon Species Trirhavirus erysimi Erysimum trirhavirus 1 BK064253; BK064254; BK064255 New taxon Species Trirhavirus medicagonis Medicago trirhavirus BK064256; BK064257; BK064258 New taxon Species Trirhavirus picridis Picris trirhavirus 1 BK064259; BK064260; BK064261 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​016P.​Rhabdoviridae_​1ngen_​5nsp.​zip. 2024.017P.Tombusviridae_abolishsp Title: Abolish five unassigned species in the family Tombusviridae Authors: Scheets K. (​kay.​scheets@​okstate.​edu), Hernández C., Jordan R., Miller W.A., Prigigallo M.I., Rubino L. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species in the family Tombusviridae Description of current taxonomy Ahlum waterborne virus, Bean mild mosaic virus, Chenopodium necrosis virus, Cucumber soil-borne virus and Weddel waterborne virus are currently classified as unassigned species in the family Tombusviridae. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Abolish five (5) species. Justification The proposed abolishment of these species is based on the lack of sequence data for them. Submitted: 21/06/24 Table 20.  Tombusviridae, 5 abolish taxa* Operation Rank Abolished taxon name Abolish taxon Species Ahlum waterborne virus Abolish taxon Species Bean mild mosaic virus Continued https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.016P.Rhabdoviridae_1ngen_5nsp.zip 15 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Operation Rank Abolished taxon name Abolish taxon Species Chenopodium necrosis virus Abolish taxon Species Cucumber soil-borne virus Abolish taxon Species Weddel waterborne virus *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​017P.​Tombusviridae_​abolishsp.​zip. 2024.018P.Tombusviridae_1nsp Title: Create one new species in the genus Machlomovirus (Tolivirales: Tombusviridae) Authors: Maclot F., Massart S. (​sebastien.​massart@​uliege.​be) Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus Machlomovirus (Tolivirales: Tombusviridae) Description of current taxonomy One virus species, Machlomovirus zeae, is currently described within the genus Machlomovirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Add a second species (Machlomovirus liegense) to the genus Machlomovirus to accommodate a recently identified virus in the wild grass common bent (Agrostis capillaris), tentatively named Poaceae Liege machlomovirus. Justification Analysis of Poaceae Liege machlomovirus genomic structure and phylogenetic analyses of its complete sequence and specific genes (polymerase and coat protein) placed this virus as a member of a novel species in the genus Machlomovirus. Submitted: 21/06/24 Table 21.  Tombusviridae, 1 new taxon* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Machlomovirus liegense Poaceae Liege machlomovirus ON137711 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​018P.​Tombusviridae_​1nsp.​zip. 2024.019P.Closteroviridae_1nsp Title: Create one new species in the genus Velarivirus (order Martellivirales, family Closteroviridae) Authors: Fontdevila N., Massart S. (​sebastien.​massart@​uliege.​be) Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Genus Velarivirus (order Martellivirales, family Closteroviridae) Description of current taxonomy The family Closteroviridae comprises plant viruses with long, filamentous particles (650–2,200 nm in length) and large positive-sense RNA genomes (mono-, bi- or tripartite). There are 57 recognized species in the family, classified in 1 of the 7 existing genera (Ampelovirus, Bluvavirus, Closterovirus, Crinivirus, Menthavirus, Olivavirus and Velarivirus). Within the genus Velarivirus, there are currently eight recognized species. Proposed taxonomic change(s) The authors propose adding a ninth species in the genus Velarivirus, named Velarivirus gembloutense, to classify the recently identified virus Pyrus virus A in pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Justification Analysis of the genomic structure of Pyrus virus A and subsequent phylogenetic analyses of the specific HSP70h gene placed this virus as a member of a novel species of the genus Velarivirus within the family Closteroviridae. Submitted: 21/06/24; Revised: 07/10/24 Table 20.  Continued https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.017P.Tombusviridae_abolishsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.018P.Tombusviridae_1nsp.zip 16 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Table 22.  Closteroviridae, 1 new taxon* Operation Rank New taxon name Virus name Exemplar New taxon Species Velarivirus gembloutense Pyrus virus A OR887735 *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​019P.​Closteroviridae_​1nsp.​zip. 2024.021P.Riboviria_1nord Title: Create one new unassigned order in realm Riboviria, and three new families for four currently unassigned genera of plant satellite viruses Authors: Krupovic M. (​mart.​krupovic@​pasteur.​fr), Fischer M.G., Kuhn J.H. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species, genus, family Description of current taxonomy Riboviria: unassigned family Sarthroviridae and genera Albetovirus, Aumaivirus, Papanivirus and Virtovirus. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Riboviria: Tombendovirales to include family Sarthroviridae and two (2) new families, Pamosaviridae (Papanivirus) and Tomo- saviridae (Virtovirus); Riboviria: Tonesaviridae (Albetovirus, Aumaivirus); renaming of all species in the four genera to fulfil the ICTV’s binomial naming mandate. Justification Structural comparison of the satellite virus capsid proteins indicates that these viruses are not monophyletic and form two distinct assemblages. Submitted: 21/06/24 Table 23.  Riboviria, 6 rename taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Previous taxon name Rename taxon Species Papanivirus panici Panicum papanivirus 1 Rename taxon Species Virtovirus tabaci Tobacco virtovirus 1 Rename taxon Species Albetovirus alphatabaci Tobacco albetovirus 1 Rename taxon Species Albetovirus betatabaci Tobacco albetovirus 2 Rename taxon Species Albetovirus gammatabaci Tobacco albetovirus 3 Rename taxon Species Aumaivirus maidis Maize aumaivirus 1 Table 24.  Riboviria, 5 move taxa* Operation Rank Taxon name New parent taxon Old parent taxon Move taxon Family Sarthroviridae Tombendovirales Riboviria Move taxon Genus Papanivirus Pamosaviridae Riboviria Move taxon Genus Virtovirus Tomosaviridae Riboviria Move taxon Genus Albetovirus Tonesaviridae Riboviria Move taxon Genus Aumaivirus Tonesaviridae Riboviria Table 25.  Riboviria, 4 new taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name New taxon Order Tombendovirales New taxon Family Pamosaviridae Continued https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.019P.Closteroviridae_1nsp.zip 17 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Operation Rank New taxon name New taxon Family Tomosaviridae New taxon Family Tonesaviridae *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​021P.​Riboviria_​1nord.​zip. 2024.022P.Betaflexiviridae_abolishsp Title: Abolish one unassigned species in the family Betaflexiviridae Authors: Nagata T. (​tatsuya@​unb.​br), Blouin A., Candresse T., Cao M., Cho W.K., Constable F., Sabanadzovic S., Saldarelli P., Tzanetakis I., Villamor D. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species in the family Betaflexiviridae Description of current taxonomy Banana virus X is currently classified as an unassigned species in the family Betaflexiviridae. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Abolish one (1) species. Justification The proposed abolishment of this betaflexivirid species is based on the lack of Rep sequence data. Submitted: 30/06/24 Table 26.  Betaflexiviridae, 1 abolish taxon* Operation Rank Abolished taxon name Abolish taxon Species Banana virus X *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​022P.​Betaflexiviridae_​abolishsp.​zip. 2024.023P.Solemoviridae_rename_sp Title: Rename two species in the genus Sobemovirus (family Solemoviridae) Authors: Sõmera M. (​merike.​somera@​taltech.​ee), Fargette D., Filardo F., Ghafari M., Hebrard E., Sarmiento C., Thomas J.E. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species Description of current taxonomy Riboviria: Orthornavirae: Pisuviricota: Pisoniviricetes: Sobelivirales: Solemoviridae: Sobemovirus: Cocksfoot mottle virus. Ribo- viria: Orthornavirae: Pisuviricota: Pisoniviricetes: Sobelivirales: Solemoviridae: Sobemovirus: Sobemovirus smamv. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Renaming of Cocksfoot mottle virus and Sobemovirus smamv. Justification Renaming of Cocksfoot mottle virus to fulfil the ICTV’s binomial naming mandate. Renaming of Sobemovirus smamv for consistency with other species in the family Solemoviridae. Submitted: 28/06/24; Revised: 07/10/24 Table 27.  Solemoviridae, 2 rename taxa* Operation Rank New taxon name Previous taxon name Rename taxon Species Sobemovirus CFMV Cocksfoot mottle virus Rename taxon Species Sobemovirus SMAMV Sobemovirus smamv *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​023P.​Solemoviridae_​rename_​sp.​zip. Table 25.  Continued https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.021P.Riboviria_1nord.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.022P.Betaflexiviridae_abolishsp.zip https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.023P.Solemoviridae_rename_sp.zip 18 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 2024.024P.Tymoviridae_abolish_sp Title: Abolish two unassigned species in the family Tymoviridae Authors: Hammond R. (​rose.​hammond@​usda.​gov), Abrahamian P., Bejerman N., Mollov D., Nagata T., Sabanadzovic S. Summary Taxonomic rank(s) affected Species in the family Tymoviridae Description of current taxonomy Bombyx mori latent virus and Poinsettia mosaic virus are currently classified as unassigned species in the family Tymoviridae. Proposed taxonomic change(s) Abolish two (2) species. Justification Bombyx mori latent virus and Poinsettia mosaic virus are unassigned species in the family Tymoviridae which cannot be assigned to a genus because of the lack of genome sequence. Therefore, it is not possible to comply with the ICTV mandate of a binomial format for virus species and it is proposed that these tymovirid species be abolished. Submitted: 14/07/24 Table 28.  Tymoviridae, 2 abolish taxa* Operation Rank Abolished taxon name Abolish taxon Species Bombyx mori latent virus Abolish taxon Species Poinsettia mosaic virus *Source/full text: https://​ictv.​global/​ictv/​proposals/​2024.​024P.​Tymoviridae_​abolish_​sp.​zip. Author affiliations: 1Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy; 2USDA-ARS, BARC, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; 3Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; 4Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain; 5Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 6Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 7Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland; 8UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Domaine de la Grande Ferrade, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France; 9Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB- CSIC) Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; 10National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China; 11Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 12Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 13Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; 14University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India; 15Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia; 16CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano (BA), Italy; 17Virus South Data, CDV 230980, La Mure, France; 18Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia; 19Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; 20Fera Science Ltd (Fera), York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York, UK; 21Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Cruz das Almas, Brazil; 22Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA; 23Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 24Swedish University of Agriculture, Almas Allé 5, Uppsala, Sweden; 25USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA; 26USDA-ARS, BARC, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; 27Institute of Plant Protection-NRI, ul. Wł. Węgorka 20, Poznań, Poland; 28PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institute Agro, Montpellier, France; 29Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia- CSIC, Valencia, Spain; 30Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Le Grau du Roi, France; 31Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Department of Plant Protection, Rafsanjan, Iran; 32Retired from John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK; 33Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF, Brazil; 34Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan; 35International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru; 36Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France; 37Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, 2-1-18, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan; 38Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA; 39Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; 40CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France; 41State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, PR China; 42Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China; 43Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), INTA, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; 44Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain; 45Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 46Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 47Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; 48Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; 49Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; 50USDA-APHIS, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD, USA; 51CIRAD, AGAP Institut; AGAP Institut, University of Montpellier; CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France; 52Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; 53Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain; 54Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan; 55Oklahoma State University, Institute for Biosecurity & Microbial Forensics, 127 NRC Stillwater, OK, USA; 56Saga University, Saga, Japan; 57Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; 58Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; 59Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 60Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil; 61Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.024P.Tymoviridae_abolish_sp.zip 19 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; 62CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France; 63Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; 64Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; 65Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, Canada; 66Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia; 67Strategic Planning Headquarters, NARO, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan; 68Department of Plant Pathology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; 69Molecular Plant Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 70Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK; 71Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Japan; 72Currently unaffiliated; 73CIRAD, UMR PVBMT & UMR PVBMT, Université de la Réunion, F-97410 Saint Pierre de La Réunion, France; 74Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, 231 Morrin Rd, St. Johns, Auckland, New Zealand; 75Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Rome, Italy; 76Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA; 77INRAE, UR ASTRO, Domaine de Duclos, Petit Bourg, France; 78Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; 79The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; 80Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., De Lier, Netherlands; 81Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, Germany; 82The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; 83Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany; 84North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 85Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, Australia; 86Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil. Keywords: Actinidivirus; Ahlum waterborne virus; Albetovirus alphatabaci; Albetovirus betatabaci; Albetovirus gammatabaci; Allexivirus rehmanniae; Alphacytorhabdovirus; Alphacytorhabdovirus actinidiae; Alphacytorhabdovirus allii; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphaartemisiae; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphachysanthemi; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphafragariae; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphamedicagonis; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphapogostemi; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphaprimulae; Alphacytorhabdovirus alpharubi; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphatrifolii; Alphacytorhabdovirus alphawuhaninsectum; Alphacytorhabdovirus arctii; Alphacytorhabdovirus asclepiadis; Alphacytorhabdovirus baccharis; Alphacytorhabdovirus bacopae; Alphacytorhabdovirus betaartemisiae; Alphacytorhabdovirus betachrysanthemi; Alphacytorhabdovirus betafragariae; Alphacytorhabdovirus betamedicagonis; Alphacytorhabdovirus betapogostemi; Alphacytorhabdovirus betaprimulae; Alphacytorhabdovirus betarubi; Alphacytorhabdovirus betatrifolii; Alphacytorhabdovirus betawuhaninsectum; Alphacytorhabdovirus brassicicolae; Alphacytorhabdovirus cardaminis; Alphacytorhabdovirus chelidonii; Alphacytorhabdovirus cnidii; Alphacytorhabdovirus conopholis; Alphacytorhabdovirus coriandri; Alphacytorhabdovirus cynarae; Alphacytorhabdovirus daphnis; Alphacytorhabdovirus deltapogostemi; Alphacytorhabdovirus euphorbiae; Alphacytorhabdovirus fici; Alphacytorhabdovirus fragariarugosus; Alphacytorhabdovirus gammaartemisiae; Alphacytorhabdovirus gammapogostemi; Alphacytorhabdovirus gammawuhaninsectum; Alphacytorhabdovirus gei; Alphacytorhabdovirus glehniae; Alphacytorhabdovirus hederae; Alphacytorhabdovirus hyptisis; Alphacytorhabdovirus ilicis; Alphacytorhabdovirus kenyatuberosum; Alphacytorhabdovirus lactucanecante; Alphacytorhabdovirus lactucamaculante; Alphacytorhabdovirus lycopersici; Alphacytorhabdovirus menthae; Alphacytorhabdovirus morindae; Alphacytorhabdovirus nymphaeae; Alphacytorhabdovirus ocimi; Alphacytorhabdovirus paludis; Alphacytorhabdovirus pastinacae; Alphacytorhabdovirus pelargonii; Alphacytorhabdovirus persimmon; Alphacytorhabdovirus phyllostachysis; Alphacytorhabdovirus pinelliae; Alphacytorhabdovirus plumagonis; Alphacytorhabdovirus querci; Alphacytorhabdovirus ribes; Alphacytorhabdovirus rosae; Alphacytorhabdovirus sambuci; Alphacytorhabdovirus scutellariae; Alphacytorhabdovirus taraxaci; Alphacytorhabdovirus tolmieae; Alphacytorhabdovirus trichosanthei; Alphacytorhabdovirus tritici; Alphacytorhabdovirus utriculariae; Alphacytorhabdovirus wurfbainiae; Alphacytorhabdovirus zeae; Alphanucleorhabdovirus babaci; Aumaivirus maidis; Badnavirus fatsiae; Badnavirus tetainflatheobromae; Badnavirus ziziphi; Banana virus X; Bean mild mosaic virus; Begomovirus alceacrispi; Begomovirus caboniensis; Begomovirus cajani; Begomovirus chuxiongense; Begomovirus flavintervenae; Begomovirus galii; Begomovirus hortuscrotoni; Begomovirus hyptidis; Begomovirus jatrophagunturense; Begomovirus muntiflavi; Begomovirus myanmarense; Begomovirus puerense; Begomovirus pyrenacanthae; Begomovirus sidaflavitessellati; Begomovirus solanumaureusreti; Begomovirus solanumdistorsionis; Begomovirus solanumflavusreti; Begomovirus whitaniae; Betacytorhabdovirus; Betacytorhabdovirus alphabetulae; Betacytorhabdovirus alphacucurbitae; Betacytorhabdovirus alpharosae; Betacytorhabdovirus alphaturbaesoli; Betacytorhabdovirus alphazanthoxyli; Betacytorhabdovirus anthurii; Betacytorhabdovirus aristolochiae; Betacytorhabdovirus artemisiae; Betacytorhabdovirus begoniae; Betacytorhabdovirus bemisiae; Betacytorhabdovirus betabetulae; Betacytorhabdovirus betacucurbitae; Betacytorhabdovirus betarosae; Betacytorhabdovirus betaturbaesoli; Betacytorhabdovirus betazanthoxyli; Betacytorhabdovirus bouteloae; Betacytorhabdovirus broussonetiae; Betacytorhabdovirus caricae; Betacytorhabdovirus chrysanthemi; Betacytorhabdovirus colocasiae; Betacytorhabdovirus coryli; Betacytorhabdovirus cypripedii; Betacytorhabdovirus dryobalanopis; Betacytorhabdovirus durionis; Betacytorhabdovirus flaviyerbamate; Betacytorhabdovirus gammazanthoxyli; Betacytorhabdovirus gleditsiae; Betacytorhabdovirus glycinis; Betacytorhabdovirus glycyrrhizae; Betacytorhabdovirus gramineae; Betacytorhabdovirus hepaticae; Betacytorhabdovirus hordei; Betacytorhabdovirus howeae; Betacytorhabdovirus ipomoeae; Betacytorhabdovirus ixeris; Betacytorhabdovirus justiciae; Betacytorhabdovirus kobresiae; Betacytorhabdovirus leucadendri; Betacytorhabdovirus lycii; Betacytorhabdovirus mangonis; Betacytorhabdovirus maydis; Betacytorhabdovirus maysflavostriatis; Betacytorhabdovirus mori; Betacytorhabdovirus nitrariae; Betacytorhabdovirus oryzae; Betacytorhabdovirus panici; Betacytorhabdovirus passiflorae; Betacytorhabdovirus pentaphragmae; Betacytorhabdovirus phellodendri; Betacytorhabdovirus populi; Betacytorhabdovirus puerariae; Betacytorhabdovirus rudbeckiae; Betacytorhabdovirus schiedeae; Betacytorhabdovirus sesami; Betacytorhabdovirus sophorae; Betacytorhabdovirus tagetis; Betacytorhabdovirus tiliae; Betacytorhabdovirus trifolii; Betacytorhabdovirus viciae; Betacytorhabdovirus yerbamate; Betanucleorhabdovirus paridis; Bombyx mori latent virus; Botrexvirus duosclerotiniae; Botrexvirus unosclerotiniae; Capulavirus trifolii; Chenopodium necrosis virus; Cilevirus pistaciae; Citlodavirus apijamaicaense; Citlodavirus myricae; Cocksfoot mottle virus; Cucumber soil-borne virus; Cytorhabdovirus; Cytorhabdovirus brassicae; Cytorhabdovirus festucae; Cytorhabdovirus sonchi; Cytorhabdovirus tritici; Emaravirus clematis; Fabavirus betavitis; Fabavirus cirsii; Gammacytorhabdovirus; Gammacytorhabdovirus alphacuscutae; Gammacytorhabdovirus alphafraxini; Gammacytorhabdovirus apii; Gammacytorhabdovirus argyranthemi; Gammacytorhabdovirus betacuscutae; Gammacytorhabdovirus betafraxini; Gammacytorhabdovirus coptis; Gammacytorhabdovirus cypripedii; Gammacytorhabdovirus dauci; Gammacytorhabdovirus epipactis; Gammacytorhabdovirus gymnadeniae; Gammacytorhabdovirus heliospermae; Gammacytorhabdovirus hibisci; Gammacytorhabdovirus lonatis; Gammacytorhabdovirus lupinis; Gammacytorhabdovirus rhopalocnemis; Gammacytorhabdovirus silenis; Gammacytorhabdovirus trachyspermi; Higrevirus amurense; Higrevirus pistaciae; Ilarvirus ApNMV; Ilarvirus BabIV1; Ilarvirus TIV1; Ilarvirus ToNSV; Machlomovirus liegense; Maize aumaivirus 1; Mastrevirus bothriochloae; Mastrevirus brachypodiumprimi; Mastrevirus brachypodiumsecundi; Mastrevirus nomiae; Mastrevirus urochloareunionense; Mersevirus; Mersevirus boehmeriae; Mersevirus jujubae; Mersevirus mercurialis; Mersevirus paris; Nepovirus betaparis; Nepovirus mirae; Olpivirus lactucae; Orthotospovirus eustomae; Orthotospovirus fatsiae; Pamosaviridae; Panicum papanivirus 1; Papanivirus panici; Phragmivirus; Phragmivirus phragmii; Phragmivirus spartinae; Poinsettia mosaic virus; Potexvirus chaenostomae; Potexvirus ecsadenii; Potexvirus ecscaricae; Potexvirus ecshibisci; Potyvirus aconiti; Potyvirus alilii; Potyvirus catharanthiflavitessellati; Potyvirus crocitessellati; Potyvirus galanthi; Potyvirus parisflavitessellati; Potyvirus polygonatimaculae; Potyvirus puerariae; Ritunrivirus; Sadwavirus cattleyae; Sadwavirus chysanthemi; Sadwavirus gymnemae; Sobemovirus CFMV; Sobemovirus SMAMV; Sobemovirus smamv; Tobacco albetovirus 1; Tobacco albetovirus 2; Tobacco albetovirus 3; Tobacco virtovirus 1; Tombendovirales; Tomosaviridae; Tonesaviridae; Torradovirus arctii; Torradovirus nanorugosum; Torradovirus physalis; Trirhavirus; Trirhavirus alni; Trirhavirus chrysanthemi; Trirhavirus erysimi; Trirhavirus medicagonis; Trirhavirus picridis; Velarivirus gembloutense; Virtovirus tabaci; Waikavirus; Waikavirus ajugae; Waikavirus anacycli; Waikavirus betacamelliae; Waikavirus carotae; Waikavirus celtis; Waikavirus eleocharis; Waikavirus hirtae; Waikavirus juglandis; Waikavirus ligustici; Waikavirus 20 Rubino et al., Journal of General Virology 2025;106:002114 mertensiae; Waikavirus pedicularis; Waikavirus pittospori; Waikavirus populi; Waikavirus primulae; Waikavirus querci; Waikavirus ranunculi; Waikavirus thapsiae; Waikavirus thymi; Waikavirus trifoccidentale; Waikavirus violae; Weddel waterborne virus. ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium: Adriaenssens E.M.; Alfenas-Zerbini P.; Aylward F.O.; Hendrickson R.C.; Hughes H.R.; Lefkowitz E.J.; Łobocka M.; Mayne R.; Mushegian A.R.; Oksanen H.M.; Penzes J.; Reyes Muñoz A.; Robertson D.L.; Roux S.; Simmonds P.; Smith D.B.; Suzuki N.; Turner D.; Van Doorslaer K.. Funding information L.R. and M.I.P. acknowledge that part of this work was granted by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU, Project SUS-MIRRI.IT "Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy”, code n. IR0000005. H.M.O. was supported by the University of Helsinki and the Research Council of Finland by funding for FINStruct and Instruct Centre FI, part of Biocenter Finland and Instruct-ERIC and Horizon MSCA 101120407. This publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. U24AI162625. This project was supported in part through a Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organisations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. P.Y.T. was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, contract REU005756) and Région Réunion through the project “Dispositif de partenariat en santé et biodiversité”. S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-3-044, USDA-NIFA SCRI Project 1029242 and NIFA-USDA Hatch Project 7006130. Acknowledgements The authors thank Anya Crane (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript. This is a publication of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), a non-profit, volunteer committee of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiology Societies (IUMS). The ICTV does not represent or endorse the views and actions of governments or the institutions or organisations for which its co-authors work. Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. References 1. Siddell SG, Smith DB, Adriaenssens E, Alfenas-Zerbini P, Dutilh BE, et al. 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Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee, 2025 Abstract Introduction Main Text Contents 2024.001P.Fimoviridae_1nsp 2024.002P.Alphaflexiviridae_7nsp 2024.003P.Tospoviridae_2nsp 2024.004P.Konkoviridae_1nsp 2024.005P.Caulimoviridae_3nsp 2024.006P.Kitaviridae_3nsp 2024.007P.Geminiviridae_Capulavirus_1nsp 2024.008P.Geminiviridae_Citlodavirus_2nsp 2024.009P.Geminiviridae_Mastrevirus_5nsp 2024.010P.Geminiviridae_Begomovirus_18nsp 2024.011P.Bromoviridae_4nsp 2024.012P.Potyviridae_1ng_10nsp 2024.013P.Secoviridae_1ng_2nsg_34nsp 2024.014P.Rhabdoviridae_2nsp 2024.015P.Rhabdoviridae_Cytorhabdovirus_splitgen 2024.016P.Rhabdoviridae_1ngen_5nsp 2024.017P.Tombusviridae_abolishsp 2024.018P.Tombusviridae_1nsp 2024.019P.Closteroviridae_1nsp 2024.021P.Riboviria_1nord 2024.022P.Betaflexiviridae_abolishsp 2024.023P.Solemoviridae_rename_sp 2024.024P.Tymoviridae_abolish_sp References Main Text Contents 2024.001P.Fimoviridae_1nsp 2024.002P.Alphaflexiviridae_7nsp 2024.003P.Tospoviridae_2nsp 2024.004P.Konkoviridae_1nsp 2024.005P.Caulimoviridae_3nsp 2024.006P.Kitaviridae_3nsp 2024.007P.Geminiviridae_Capulavirus_1nsp 2024.008P.Geminiviridae_Citlodavirus_2nsp 2024.009P.Geminiviridae_Mastrevirus_5nsp 2024.010P.Geminiviridae_Begomovirus_18nsp 2024.011P.Bromoviridae_4nsp 2024.012P.Potyviridae_1ng_10nsp 2024.013P.Secoviridae_1ng_2nsg_34nsp 2024.014P.Rhabdoviridae_2nsp 2024.015P.Rhabdoviridae_Cytorhabdovirus_splitgen 2024.016P.Rhabdoviridae_1ngen_5nsp 2024.017P.Tombusviridae_abolishsp 2024.018P.Tombusviridae_1nsp 2024.019P.Closteroviridae_1nsp 2024.021P.Riboviria_1nord 2024.022P.Betaflexiviridae_abolishsp 2024.023P.Solemoviridae_rename_sp 2024.024P.Tymoviridae_abolish_sp