SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT 
2004 
ft;_~Q(X)7J 
U!V!CA, ~ ·~ 
. Dt INfORM Ov~UMffYJA ACfON y 
CION 
2 8 ENE. 2005 
PROJECT PE-3 
COMMUNITIES AND W ATERSHEDS 
, , Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical 
lntemational Center for Tropical Agricultura 
SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT 2004 
PE-3 PROJECT 
Communities and Watersheds 
l. Project Description and Logframe 
Goal: To foster community-based watershed management (CBWM) to address local natural 
resource priorities and contribute to improved environmental management, equitable resource 
allocation, and enhanced livelihood and food security. 
Outputs: 
l. Improved watershed management: land-water interactions 
2. More equitable highland-lowland resource allocation 
3. Provision of environmental serví ces: water, biodiversity, and recreation 
4. Strengthened organizations: community and institutional capacity building 
5. Efficient use of project resources through participatory project management 
Gains: Farmers and local organizations adopt technologies, tools, and methodologies developed 
with CIA T and its partners at research watersheds. Results are sustainable, production systems 
profitable, land use improved, and natural resources preserved at the watershed level. Partner 
organizations apply technologies, tools, and methodologies developed by or with the project for 
their planning and activities at local, national, and regionallevels. Decision makers at various 
levels have information, tools, and methodologies provided by the project to support their 
planning, monitoring, and decisions. 
Milestones: 
2004 Establish monitoring networks and indicators for individual research si tes 1 watersheds. 
Document land-water interactions, highland-lowland interactions, resource allocation 
inequity, and community priori ti es. Initiate capacity building programs at the locallevel. 
Promote the adoption of already proven approaches and technologies. 
2005 Continuation of monitoring networks. Capacity building, strengthening local 
organizations, and training programs. Develop new technologies and approaches. 
Community-based adoption of pro ven methods and technologies. Improved local 
management using CIA T's research results. 
2006 Continuation of monitoring networks. Community-based adaptive management with 
proven methods and technologies. Ongoing capacity building. Decision support providing 
information, tools, and methods at various levels (local, national, regional). Training 
programs. Improved watershed management using CIA T's research results. Scaling out. 
Users: Farming families, youth, and rural communities oftropical watersheds. Project sites 
profit from increased community action aimed at improving watershed management. Educational 
institutions directly through youth involvement and student participation, and indirectly through 
access to research materials. National and international development organizations involved in 
priority setting and investments in development. 
Collaborators: CATIE, CIP, IPCA, IWMJ, IICA, CIRAD, CIPAV, CVC; universities of 
Georgia, Florida, Guelph, British Columbia (Canada), Nacional Agraria (Nicaragua), Hue 
(Vietnam); INTA, CONDESAN, ACERO, Herederos del Planeta, ASOBOLO, CGIAB, GTZ, 
ICIMOD, Grupo Randi Randi, KIB, PARDYP, RNRR, Campos Verdes, CLOs, CIALs, Hillsides 
Agricultural Program (HAP), Haiti. 
CGIAR System Linkages: IWMI, CIP, CIMMYT, ICRAF, ILRI, IRRI, and Water and Food 
CP. 
CIA T Project Linkages: Soils (PE-2), Land Use (PE-4), Agroindustries (SN-1 ), Participatory 
Methods (SN-3), Forages (IP-5), Impact Assessment (BP-1), Bean Improvement (IP-1), Cassava 
(IP-3), Rice (IP-4) Projects. 
2 
CIA T PE-3 Project Logframe, 2003-2006 
Project: Communitles and Watersbeds 
Manager: José Ignacio Sanz 
Narrative Summary Measurable lndlcators Mea os of Verificatlon lmportant Assumptlons 
Goal: 
To foster community based watershed Water quality National and local statistics The environmental, social, economic, 
management (CBWM) lo address local Biodiversity Local resea.rch and political conditions are maintained 
natural resource priorities, and con tribute to Conflict rcsolution mechanisms on a macro lcvel. 
improved cnvironmental management, lncome (monetary and/or in kind) 
equitable allocation, and enhanccd livelihood Fanner adoption oftcchnologies 1 methods 
and food security. 
Purpose: 
To strengthen local processes ofwatershed User groups (number and types) Field verification Local partners continue project-related 
management and sustainable agricultuml lnstitutions with community involvement lnstitutional reports activities. 
development in tropical regions, based on Local capacity building - training programs Donors remain interested in the proposed 
the experiences of natural resourcc Youth involvement in NRM project objectives, and continue to 
managcment (NRM) at resea.rch sites. Community-based involvement in watershed provide support. 
management 
Output 1 
lmproved watcrshcd managcmcnt bascd on Land-water intcmctions: Local rcscarch Climate variability is nonnal. 
knowledge of land-watcr intcractions. Water quality Ficld veri lication 
Fanncrs adopt approuches and tcchnologics Land use changc 1 intcnsilication/ P.rojcct rcports 
devclopcd with CIA T and its partncrs to divers ification Youth reports 
establish environmentally sound Soil erosion 
management and livelihood altematives. Nutrient management Local research groups' reports 
Productivity 
- ------ ---
Continued. 
CIAT PE-3 Project Logframe (continued). 
Narratlve Summary Mcasurable lndlcators Means ofVertncatlon lmportant Assumptlons 
Output 2 
More equitable resource allocation based on Highland-lowland interactions: Local rescarch Social stability 
highland-lowland interactions and trade-off Erosion Field verification 
analysis. ldentify and monitor indicators of Water quality Youth reports 
highland-lowland resource interactions. Water quantity (drinking and irrigation) CIAL reports 
Promotc community-based approaches for Trade-off analysis: Consortia rcports 
resolution of incquities. Water rights/ concession Monitoring reports 
lncome distribution (highland-lowland) 
Livelihood opportunities 
Conflict rcsolution: 
User association participation 
Consortium functioning 
Policy an<l/ or institutional changcs 
Output 3 Water: 
Valuation and analysis of environmcntal Water quality Field vcrification Climate variability is nonnal. 
services, including water, biodivcrsity, and Water quantity Local research 
recreation. Adoption of sustainablc Biodiversity: CIAL reports 
management practiccs by local fanners and Native vs. exotic species numbers Youth reports 
user groups. lncreased forest and agricultura) (temporal and spatial) lnstitutional rcports 
biodivcrsity. Realizing the potential of Agro-biodiversity (number and typc) 
recreational opportunities. Recreation: 
Types and no. of suppliers 
Eco-tourism 
Output 4 
Strengthened organizations. Local and Training programs (number and type) Local rcsearch groups' rcports Social stability 
national organizations involved in Youth group fonnation and activitics Youth reports 
sustainablc agricultura) devclopmcnt at User groups supported (number and type) Training reports 
various levels (site, national, regional) use Digital infonnation (numbcr and type) lnstitutional reports 
the technical and methodological resources Decision support mechanisms Dissemination matcrials and project rep<)rts 
developed by thc projcct in their dccision lnfonnation disscmination (fonnat and 
making and othcr activities. lnter- content) 
institutional coordination is enhanced. 
Continued. 
CIA T PE-3 Project Logframe (continued). 
Narralive Summary Measurable lndlcators Means of Verlflcatlon lmportant Assumplions 
Output S Approved projccts designed with partncrs 
Efficicnt use of project resources through and donors Planning documents, proposals, and reports lnstitutionallinkages maintained 
participatory project managemenl Interna! Partners participate in fieldwork Dissemination materials and project reports 
and externa! partners directly participate in Data sharing agreements Direct verification through networks and 
project managcment to cnsurc adcquate and consortia 
cfficient use of the project's resources. Lessons leamed by the project and its Reports to donors 
partners disseminated Annual reports 
New projects adopt methods, techniqucs, and 
expcriences genemted by the project and 
~ its partners. 
----
, 
2. Project Inputs 
Investigators: 
Colombia: 
José Ignacio Sanz 
Vicente Zapata 
Sandra Dossman 
Adriana Domínguez 
Sandra Brown (50%) 
Lina A. García 
Andrea Carvajal (50%) 
Gregoire Leclerc 
Pedro Lorenzo Burgos 
Wilson Celemín 
Gustavo A. Duque 
Luis Enrique Echeverri 
Adriana Giraldo 
Julián Giraldo 
CIAT- CONDESAN in Colombia 
Rubén Darlo Estrada 
Ernesto Girón 
Ximena Pemett 
Costa Rica: 
Mario Piedra (25%) 
Honduras: 
Guillermo Giraldo 
Vilia Escober (50%) 
Gilman Palma 
Rosalio Mencía 
Juan Evangelista 
Justa Mérida Barahona 
Nicaragua: 
Jorge Alonso Beltrán 
Juan Bosco Franco 
Pedro Pablo Orozco 
Elvis Cayetano Chavarria 
Haiti: 
Gardy Fleurantin 
Southeast Asia: 
Rod Lefroy 
Keith Fahmey 
Lao Thao 
Duong Van Son 
Students: 
Colombia: 
PhD Soil Science, Project Manager 
EdD Adult Education, Institutional Capacity Building 
BSc Graphic Designer, Communications Assistant 
BSc Finances, Administrative Assistant 
PhD Resource Management, , Senior Staff, UBC-CIA T Alliance 
MSc Watershed Management 
BSc Joumalist, Documentation Center (left during 2004) 
PhD Physics, Consultant, Book Editing 
BSc Agronomic Engineer, Research Assistant 
Officer 
Worker 
Worker 
Part-time Worker 
Part-time Worker 
MSc Economist, Leader Policy Analysis 
BSc Topographic Engineer, Research Expert 
BSc Agriculture Engineer, Research Assistant 
PhD Agricultura! Economics, Senior Staff, CA TIE-CIA T Alliance 
MSc Agronomy, Consultant, Seed Systems 
BSc Joumalist, Administrative Assistant 
Technician, Production Systems, Field Assistant 
Para-technician, Field Assistant, Yorito 
BSc Forestry Engineer, Research Assistant 
High School Ecology and Environment, Local Coordinator Youth Project 
MSc Agronomy, Liaison Officer 
BSc Agronomic Engineer, Research Assistant 
BSc Agronomic Engineer, Production Systems, Research Assistant 
Field Assistant, San Dionisio 
MSc Agronomy, Liaison Officer 
PhD Soil Science, Regional Coordinator of CIA T in Asia 
PhD Agronomy and Soil Science PRDU Project Director 
BSc Crop Protection, PRDU Project Assistant (Lao POR) 
PhD Agronomy, PRDU Project Assistant (VietNam 
Maria Cecilia Roa, PhD studies, Wetlands Hydrology UBC (Canada) 
OlafWestermann, PhD studies, Social Capital and Collective Water Management, Roskilde University (Denmark) 
Katherine Tehelen, MS¡ in Environmental Socio-economics, CATIE (Costa Rica) 
Gracia Maria Lanza, MSc in Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University (Holland) 
Atina Estrada, Student intemship Graphic Designer, Universidad Autónoma (Colombia) 
Nicaragua 
Maria Eugenia Baltodano MSc in Environmental Socio-economics, CATIE (Costa Rica) 
Valerie Piccand, Student intemship, Water Quality Indicators, Swiss College of Agriculture (SCA) 
Suzanne Zanelli, Student intemship Natural Resources, Universidad de La Paz (Costa Rica) 
6 
Collaborators: 
Within CIA T: See under CIAT project linkages, project description, page 2. 
Outside CIA T: See under Collaborators and System linkages, project description, page 2. 
Budget: 
Headquarters 1 Latín America and the Caribbean 
So urce Amount (US$) Proportion (%) 
Unrestricted core 479,702 49 
Restricted core o o 
Carry over from 2003 209,868 22 
Sub total 689,570 71 
Special projects 263,199 27 
Water and Food Challenge Program 20,917 2 
Total 973,686 100 
Asia 
So urce Amount(US$) Proportion (%) 
Unrestricted core 173,635 11 
Core substitution o o 
Carryover from 2003 151,614 10 
Sub total 325,249 21 
Special projects 1,216,388 79 
Total 1,541,637 100 
A frica 
So urce Amount (US$) Proportion (%} 
Unrestricted core o o 
Core substitution o o 
Carryover from 2003 o o 
Subtotal o o 
Special projects 136,426 100 
Total 136,426 100 
3. Research Highlights in 2004 
This year we highlight seven areas of our current research work. 
l. INT A-CIA T (FUNICA) Project 
In Nicaragua, we are adapting environmental sensitive area assessment (ESA) to local conditions 
by incorporating a social component (environmentally and socially sensitive areas, ESSA). The 
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INT A) and other partners of the alliance (UNA 
[Universidad Nacional Agraria], CARE Intemational, and CIA T) are strengthened in the focus on 
7 
integrated watershed management in the pilot areas of the rivers Cálico (San Dionisio-
Matagalpa) and Viejo (La Concordia and San Rafael del Norte-Jinotega). The project is financed 
by the Fundación para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Agropecuario y Forestal de Nicaragua 
(FUNICA). In relation to the base Iine: (a) a minimum set of 50 indicators (24 priority ones) 
were defined with participating partners in cultural, biophysical, socioeconomic, soil-water and 
biodiversity, Iand use-production, and community management aspects; (b) a methodology was 
established to compile quantified data with partners and municipalities; (e) information was 
systematized through the Toolbook. Maps have been produced at 1 :20 000 scale in the pilot 
subwatersheds to identify the ESSA, since all existing information in the country is at scales 
greater than 1 :50 000, such a Iow level of detail not permitting analysis within the watershed. 
Thirty-six officials ofthe institutions in the alliance and local partners have been trained (22 
from INT A, three from UNA, two from CARE, three from CIA T, one each from the 
municipalities (mayors' offices) of La Concordia, San Rafael del Norte, and San Dionisio, and 
three research staff ofthe Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua [UNAN]-Matagalpa). 
2. Bolivia Youth Project 
The Consultative Group on International Agricultura! Research- Canadian International 
Development Agency (CGIAR-CIDA) Canada Linkage Fund approved our 3-year proposal 
"Youth Bolivia: alliance for water-science and the future". With this proposal we will attempt to 
build local capacity where youth is in volved in the science of integrated water managernent in 
the Tiquipaya watershed in Cochabamba, pilot site ofthe Consorcio para el Desarrollo 
Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (CONDESAN). A scientific study is underway with youth 
participating as co-investigators, with the aim of creating capacity to carry out investigations and 
integrated studies related to water use (balance and quality). The activities include the design, 
management, and analysis of recognition related to water use at farm level and the participative 
determination of sensitive environmental areas. The proposal is a collaborative one between the 
Communities and Watersheds (C&W) Project, the Comité Gestión Integral del Agua en Bolivia 
(CGIAB) ofBolivia, and the University ofBritish Columbia (UBC) ofCanada. 
3. Rural youth from different countries trained in multiple aspects 
The youth Ieadership component of the C& W research projects has severa} purposes: first, it is 
thought of as the basis of research proj ects aimed at solving problems that are felt by local 
communities and perceived by youth as posing a threat to their future. By developing youth 
leadership skills, young leaders become co-researchers, critics, and the link between rural 
communities and researchers. In this way, youth leadership serves as the initiation oflong-lasting 
relationships between the scientific and the rural communities. Second, youth leadership 
potentializes the impact and speed of assimilation of new knowledge in natural resource 
management. Youth involvement in research projects related to resources that offer them a 
source of income or employment, now or in the future, ensures immediate use of research 
findings and the willingness of parents to support and encourage research activities in their 
watersheds. Leadership development gives adolescents a voice in the decision-making processes 
that affect their lives. The C&W project has trained youth in geographic information systems 
(GIS) methods and in technologies of Sistemas Integrados de Producción Pecuaria (SIPP) in El 
Dovio-Colombia. Youth in El Dovio have received technical training also on bio-intensive 
8 
gardening and on the transformation ofbamboo, and in relation to these, in computing, 
commercialization of transformed products and in business and money management. A course 
on research methodology was given to youth in La Hondura, Colombia. 
4. Establishment ofwater monitoring network in Filandia, Quindio, Colombia 
5. Strengthening and development oflocal partners, for example, INTA, CGIAB, and 
Corporación Autónoma Regional del Quindío (CRQ). 
6. Stafffrom C&W entering universities with scholarships: Katherine Tehelen MSc in the 
Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica; Maria 
Eugenia Baltodano MSc in CA TIE, Costa Rica; Maria Cecilia Roa PhD in UBC, Canada 
(Association of American University Women Intemational Fellowship). 
7. Capacity building ofC&W staff(other than those mentioned in point (6) has been a great 
step forward for both Central and South American teams. 
4. Problems Encountered and Their Solutions 
This year has passed without major problems. The lack of a greater number of scientists within 
the project has been compensated for, and even surpassed by, the inputs from our strategic allies 
and other partners. Being a young project, we have been careful to keep focused and avoid 
distractions as recommended by the Board ofTrustees last year. Gradually, we are building a 
so lid foundation, and although funding is difficult to get, we are managing to generate funds to 
keep moving on our purpose. To further enhance our team's capacities, sorne of our junior staff 
members have received MSc and PhD scholarships in our strategic allied universities, as well as 
in other postgraduate programs funded by CIAT's initiatives. Our activities in the field and the 
generation of more so lid research results are establishing our good image with partners and 
donors, and we expect this will improve even more in the near future. 
5. lndicators: Technologies, Methods, and Tools 
5.1. Technologies 
- Bio-intensive gardens with a focus on food security, nutrition, and diversification of diet 
(Youth projects in El Dovio-Colombia and in Yorito-Honduras). 
- Drip irrigation (efficient water use) in Yorito-Honduras (Youth Project and SOL), and in El 
Dovio (Colombia Youth Project). 
- Integration of drip irrigation for bio-intensive gardens: adaptation oftechniques currently being 
tested in Y orito-Honduras and in El Dovio-Colombia. 
9 
5.2. Methods 
- Participatory research in natural resource management with youth comrnunities - El Dovio-
Colombia, Calico River-Nicaragua, and Yorito-Honduras. Approaches include youth-led 
research, co-investigators and seed funds for characterizing resource use, community 
perceptions, and identifying potential options for natural resource management with a specific 
focus on water and watersheds. 
- Integrated watersbed management (Calico River-Nicaragua, Barbas River-Colombia, and Los 
Saínos watershed-Colombia): Application ofbaseline surveys, field and GIS mapping, and 
monitoring networks to assess the status and dynarnics ofbiophysical resources and their use 
relative to water availability (quantity) and quality (land-water interactions). 
- ESSA Assessment (Calico River-Nicaragua): Adaptation ofESA method to include 
socioeconomic context currently being applied in Central America as a pro-active approach to 
land-use planning and the identification of critical areas for protection and/or rehabilitation. 
- Leadership for science and small enterprise development (El Dovio-Colombia): Application of 
leadership training for youth in relation to environmental research and in the transformation of 
barnboo (artisan products) including team building, communication, and conflict management 
skills. 
- Participatory methods- Participatory Research for Development in the Uplands (PRDU), Lao 
PDR, Viet Narn, China. 
- Participatory monitoring and evaluation methods - Bolivia 
- Pro-poor knowledge sharing methodologies - Bolivia: Contributing areas for quantification of 
water availability (Barbas River-Colombia). Design and implementation of a water quantity 
monitoring network to assess multi-scale water availability and the contribution ofupland 
wetlands to dry season flow relative to human use. 
- Contributing areas for quantification of water quality (Yorito-Honduras and Calico River-
Nicaragua): Initiation ofwater quality monitoring (chemical and biological) relative to land use 
and potential contamination sources in micro-watersheds to evaluate causes of degraded water 
quality and options for rehabilitation. 
5.3. Tools 
- Toolbook- a computer prograrn that will serve for the interactive systematization ofthe 
information collected on the base of a group of measurable indicators for the selected themes in 
integrated watershed management 
-GIS and global positioning systerns (GPS; El Dovio-Colombia and Calico River-Nicaragua): 
Application ofGIS and GPS tools for the spatial analysis ofbiophysical and socioeconomic 
characteristics such as forest area and type for rehabilitation projects, pollution sources, 
10 
household - baseline surveys, wetland and spring mapping, and aqueducts to evaluate water 
resources with respect to quality and availability. 
- Partnerships and alliances for science and development (El Dovio and Barbas River-Colombia, 
Calleo River-Nicaragua, and Yorito-Honduras): Applying a partnership approach involving 
partners in all phases of research projects from fund raising, design, and implementation to 
action research and particular} y in scaling out 1 replication. 
6. Indicators: Publications List 
6.1. Refereed joumals 
Published: 5 articles 
In press: 3 articles 
Submitted: 1 article 
6.2. Book chapters and books 
Published: 4 
6.3. Workshop and conference papers, presentations, and posters 
Presented: 5 
6.4. Technical reports and others 
Published: 13 
7. Indicators: Training List 
3 intems 
At least 941 farmers trained 
5 higher degree students supervised 
Courses given during the year are listed on the following page. 
11 
• 
Course" Dates Place No. of participants 
Youth training in GIS September 2004 El Dovio, Colombia 30 youth 
Re-socialization of SIPP proposal 10-12 March 2004 El Dovio area villages, SIPP group 18 youth 
Workshop on constructions for fish fanning 18-19 March 2004 La Hondura, Colombia 23 producers 
Workshop of co-researchers and participative elaboration of 30 June 2004 La Hondura, Colombia 37 researchers 
protocols 
Workshop on zoonotic diseases and practices ofsanitation 6 July 2004 La Hondura, Colombia 26 producers 
management 
Business and money management 17 Feb. - 28 March 2004 El Dovio, Colombia 45 youth 
Technical training in transformation ofbamboo 15 April and ongoing 2004 El Dovio, Colombia 45 youtb 
Commercialization of transfonned products 2 Sept. and ongoing 2004 El Dovio, Colombia 25 youth 
Bio-intensive gardening Sept 2004 El Dovio and La Hondura, 35 youth 
Colombia 
Computing February 2004 El Dovio, Colombia 25 youth 
Research methodology Apri12004 La Hondura, Colombia 35 youth 
Strengthening the local organizational process 19-22 October 2004 El Dovio, Colombia 34 representatives from 25 
local insitutions 
Use ofGIS methodo1ogies in integrated watershed 21-25 July 2004 Matagalpa, Nicaragua 39 professionals 
management 
Indicators for integrated watershed management 9-12 March 2004 Matagalpa, Nicaragua 38 professionals 
Use ofToolbook for information management on integrated 13-17 April 2004 Matagalpa, Nicaragua 38 professionals 
watershed management 
SOL methodology 4-7 May 2004 Matagalpa, Nicaragua 39 professionals 
Monitoring ofwater quality in surface water July 2004 Matagalpa, Nicaragua 42 professionals 
ESSA methodology 18-22 October 2004 Matagalpa, Nicaragua 39 professionals 
Workshop on participatory problem diagnosis and forming 29 March - 2 April 2004 Xieng K.houang, Lao People's 5 provincial, 17 district 
fanncr intcrcst groups Democratic Republic cxtension staff 
W orkshop on forage and feed crop technologies and 14-18 July 2004 Tuyen Quang, Viel Nam 17 provincial, 11 district, 5 
participatory research approaches commune extension stafT, 6 
fanners 
Study tour (Ha Tay): Ba Vi and Ba Van Forage and Livestock 23-25 August 2004 Ha Tay, VietNam 3 provincial, 5 district, 3 
Centers commune extension stafT, 
15 fanners 
Participatory monitoring and evaluation 26-30 July 2004 Bolivia 35 facilitators 
a. GIS, geographic infonnation systems; SIPP, Sistemas Integrados de Producción Pecuaria; SOL, Supermercado de Opciones para Ladera; ESSA, 
environmentally and socially sensitive areas 
1 . 
8. lndicators: Resource Mobilization List 
8.1. Proposals funded 
List of proposals funded in 2004 
l. Evaluación de la influencia del bosque ripario de Guadua (Guadua angustifolia), en la 
conservación de la calidad del agua en la cuenca media del Rio Garrapatas 
(Evaluation ofthe influence ofbamboo riparian forest [Guadua angustifolia] in the 
conservation of water quality in the middle watershed of the Garrapatas River) 
Submitted to the CIAT lnternal Fund for national staff researchers under 30 by Sandra Dossman 
and Lina Garcia. Budget US$2000. Location: Garrapatas Canyon, El Dovio, Colombia. 
Duration: 1 year. Status: successful. 
2. Youth Bolivia: alliance for water-science and the future 
Submitted to: Consultative Group on Intemational Agricultura! Research- Canadian Intemational 
Development Agency (CGIAR-CIDA) Canada Linkage Fund. Budget: Cdn $150,000. 
Location: CONDESAN's pilot watershed in Bolivia Duration: 3 years. Status: approved 
List of proposals submitted in 2004 
l . Watershed management with young researcbers in the Tascalapa River subwatershed, Yorito, 
Y oro-Honduras. 
Submitted to: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. 
The amount requested is US$30,000. 
2. The community self-organizes for research in natural resource management with emphasis on 
integrated watershed management 
Submitted to: Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales. Location: Nicaragua. 
This project will be carried out jointly between C& W and IPRA. The amount requested is 
US$100,000 
3. Repartir lo que se puede medir: gobernabi/idad en el manejo del agua 
(Share what can be measured: govemability in water managernent) 
Submitted by ASOBOLO in partnership with C&W tp the Govemance program ofthe Canadian 
Ernbassy in Bogotá. Location: Bolo River, Cauca Valley, Colombia Budget: $40,000 Canadian. 
Duration: 18 months. Status: denied, as the focus on water govemance did not fit within the 
Canadian govemance framework, which focuses on political participation. 
13 
4. Water quality and health: beyond diagnosis. A case study in Quebrada Grande, Colombia 
Submitted to the CIA T strategic research fund. Location: Los Sainos watershed, El Dovio, 
Colombia. Budget: US$1 0,000. Duration: 1 year. Status: unknown 
5. Innovation in water management: allocation, green water, and demand control in the Andes 
Submitted under the pilot project on Agricultura!, Research Fondo Regional de Tecnología 
Agropecuária (FONT AGRO) 1 IDB 1 CGIAR. A joint proposal with CGIAB-Bolivia, Grupo 
Randi Randi Ecuador, C&W-CIAT, and the UBC. Location: Barbas River-Colombia, Tiqupaya-
Bolivia, andEl Angel-Ecuador. Budget: US$495,000. Duration: 3 years. Status: unsuccessful. 
6. Investigación y acciones para el mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de agua en la cuenca del 
rio Bolo 
(Investigation and activities for the improvement of water availability in the Bolo River 
watershed) 
Submitted to: Japanese Embassy. Joint C&W- ASOBOLO submission. Budget: US$50,000. 
Duration: 18 months. Status: in process. 
7. Desarrollo de alternativas tecnológicas y capacidades locales de jóvenes y mujeres en busca 
de la seguridad alimentaria 
(Development oflocal altemative technologies and capacities ofyouth and women in search 
of food security) 
Submitted to: the McK.night Foundation in association with CGIAB-Bolivia Location: Tiquapaya 
Bolivia. Budget: US$150,000. Duration: 3 years. Status: unsuccessful 
8. Youth and green water research: Colombia-Canada Intemational Network 
Submitted to: the Re-Source Award 2004 sponsored by the Swiss Re-Insurance Corporation, by 
C&W in cooperation with UBC. Location: Salmon River-Canada and Barbas River-Colombia. 
Budget: US$1 00,000. Duration: 1 year. Status: submitted 
9. Scaling water use, quality, and equitable water distribution issues in the Andes 
Submitted to: IF AD under the WFCP. Location: Bolo River-Colombia, Barbas River-Colombia, 
El Angel-Ecuador, and Tiquipaya-Bolivia. Budget: US$750,000. Duration: 3 years. Status: 
unsuccessful - new donor being sought under the umbrella of the WFCP 
1 O. Feria Jóvenes, desarrollo y paz: "la guadua, alternativa económica y cuÚural para la 
comunidad joven de la cuenca media del río Garrapatas, Serranía de los Paraguas -
Colombia " 
(Youth Festival, development and peace: "bamboo, economic and cultural alternative for the 
young community in the middle watershed ofthe Garrapatas River, Serranía de los Paraguas, 
Colombia") 
14 
Subrnitted to: World Bank Initiative in Colombia. Festival of development with the Colombian 
govemrnent in the Plan Colombia Joven (Colombian Youth Plan). Budget: Col. pesos 
63,000,000. Status: unsuccessful. 
11. Creation ofCommunity Centers ofHigher Education- connectivity 
Submitted to: The Ministry ofEducation, Colombia's call for the co-financing ofCentros 
Comunitarios de Educación Superior (CCES). Budget: Col. Pesos 100,000. Duration: 3 years. 
Status: in progress 
12. The CP Secretariat ofthe Water and Food Challenge Program (WFCP) is actively seek.ing 
finance for approved projects, beyond the approximate 20 for which funds already are available. 
Our proposal, no. 29, is one ofthose approved without available funding as yet, leaving C&W's 
scaling proposal no. 2 in the funding queue. 
Title: Scaling Water Use, Quality and Equitable Water Distribution Issues in the Andes and 
Himalayas. Duration: 3 years. Budget: US$850,000. Location: The Project will be implemented 
in eight watersheds, four in each mountain region (Andes/Himalayas). 
9. New Directions for 2005 
Water quality, quantity, and services and the interactions ofland-water-community are included 
in our logframe as essentials when working towards improving food security with sound 
environmental management. Our primary end users are now the farming families, youth, and 
rural communities of the tropical watersheds. They are not just beneficiaries, but directly 
involved, and thus more likely to adopt new technologies. We emphasize the education ofyouth 
and the community. This then brings in the educational institutions that become direct users 
through youth. involvement and student participation, and indirectly through access to research 
materials. National and intemational development organizations are involved in priority setting 
and investments in development. Our collaborators now include more government and 
nongovernmental organizations, and local associations. 
Our proposals seek to further these lines ofresearch. We are proposing an extension ofthe Youth 
in Natural Resource Management Project into a Latín Youth Network focused on water and 
natural resources that willlink our youth projects in Colombia, Honduras, and Bolivia Also, the 
CGIAR-CIDA Canada Linkage Fund approved our 3-year proposal "Youth Bolivia: alliance for 
water-science and the future". With this proposal we will attempt to build local capacity where 
youth is involved in the science of integrated water management in the Tiquipaya watershed in 
Cochabamba, CONDESAN pilot site. 
The new framework of policies for the productive rural development ofNicar~gua frames 
INTA's Strategic Plan 2003-07, within which is included the focus on integrated watershed 
management of the institutions, under the research line- generation of promising technologies. 
With the aim of supporting INT A and other partners of the alliance (UNA, CARE, and CIA T) in 
their strategy, we are helping strengthen their focus on integrated watershed management in the 
pilot areas of the rivers Calico (San Dionisio-Matagalpa) and Viejo (La Concordia and San 
Rafael del Norte-Jinotega), financed by FUNICA. The steps carried out in the pilot 
15 
subwatersheds also will be developed principally by INT A with CIA T's support in 1 O other sub-
and microwatersheds in the country-in the Pacific zone (subwatersheds Ochomogo, Juacuapa, 
and Pacora Rivers, Tecomapa microwatershed), northern central zone (Pires River 
microwatershed), Segovias zone (Aguas Calientes microwatershed, San Nicolas subwatershed), 
and southern central zone (microwatersheds ofCarca and Apompua Rivers). 
In connection with students' thesis work, the main objective of one thesis is to estímate the 
opportunity costs of water uses in the upper watershed of the Barbas River, and to design a 
proposal for an environmentally adjusted tariffto intemalize the costs ofwater source protection 
Fieldwork will be developed in the Barbas River Watershed, in Cali, Colombia, during 2005. 
The other MSc thesis will be developed in collaboration with the Fortalecimiento de la capacidad 
local en manejo de cuencas y prevención de desastres naturales (FOCUENCAS) II project in 
Nicaragua. Fieldwork will be developed in the Calico and Jucuapa watersheds in Matagalpa, 
Nicaragua. The theme to be addressed will be Environmental Services. 
The Project "Strengthening food security in Haití" will be implemented in four departrnents: the 
South, Southeast, Center and North, and will extend over a 5-year period. The main objective is 
to strengthen food security within the areas of intervention, through yield and production 
increase, added value to agricultural goods, increased income for farmers, and building oflocal 
capacities on a sustainable basis. The project will include two main components: applied 
participatory research, and transfer of technologies generated in the target areas. Training, both 
for producers and for the project staff, will be a major component for the replication of activities, 
and for adaptation trials for the materials that have been selected within the other sites ofthe 
project; it will be geared so asto ensure the sustainability ofthe acquired results. 
For the PRDU work in Asia, a training workshop is planned for Guangxi, China later in 2004 to 
prepare for on-farm trials in focus villages there early in 2005. Support to the IF AD investment 
project in Ha Giang (Vietnam) will begin after start-up of a new phase of that project (in April 
2005). In the on-farm trials, in 2005, we will begin working with villagers to evaluate simple 
processing technologies, and to conduct trials on utilization of root crops and forages as feed 
resources for increasing productivity of smallholder livestock systems. 
The FIT Project No.8: Pro-poor knowledge sharing methodologies is a Rural Innovation Institute 
(RII) Project where PE-3 is collaborating with Vicente Zapata. The project will be an 
opportunity to strengthen the capacities of farmer leaders to systematize lesson leaming for pro-
poor policy formulation in the Sistema Boliviano de Técnología Agropecuario (SffiT A) and 
partner TT providers, including local agricultura! university programs. To this end, the project 
will identify a set of "knowledge-sharing methodological arrangements" useful to respond to the 
technological knowledge needs of farmers. 
The C&W baseline is structured from the mínimum set of indicators for watershed analysis that 
we developed, and is linked to the research framework. This baseline continues in process 
through the taking of quantifiable data. This leads to more concrete milestones aimed at the 
better management of natural resources, land use, and water. 
16 
Mid-Term Plan 2005-2007 
Goal: To improve water, food, and environmental quality and services through research on land-
water-community interactions. 
Outputs: 
l. Improved watershed management: land-water interactions 
2. More equitable highland-lowland resource (water) allocation 
3. Provision of environmental services: water 
4. Strengthened organizations: community and institutional capacity building 
5. Efficient use of project resources through participatory project management 
Gains: Farmers and local organizations adopt technologies, tools, and methods developed by 
C& W and its partners within research watersheds. Results are sustainable, land use improved, 
and natural resources conserved at the watershed level. Partner organizations apply technologies, 
tools and methods developed in conjunction with C&W for their planning and activities at local 
and regionallevels. Decision mak:ers at municipal and regionallevels have information, tools, 
and methods provided by C& W to support their planning, monitoring, and decisions. 
Users: 
Primary clients: 
Secondary clients: 
Final beneficiarles: 
local governments, local organizations, farmer groups, 
water user associations 
research institutions, national governments, nongovernmental 
organizations (NGOs) 
farmers and comrnunities 
Principal Collaborators: 
CGIAR: IWMI, Water and Food CP 
Universities: CATIE (Costa Rica), UBC (Canada), National Agaria (Nicaragua) 
NGO: CGIAB (Bolivia), Randi Randi (Ecuador), ASO BOLO, CIP A V, ACTUAR (Colombia), 
Clodest (Honduras), FIP AH (Honduras), CARE (Nicaragua) 
GO: CRQ, CVC (Colombia), INT A (Nicaragua), Municipalities of El Dovio (Colombia) and San 
Dionisia (Nicaragua), RENOC (Nicaragua) 
Local associations: ACERG, Herederos del Planeta (El Dovio, Colombia), Asociacion Campos 
Verdes (San Dionisia, Nicaragua) 
Regional associations: CONDESAN 
CIAT: Soils (PE-2), Land Use (PE-4), Forages {IP-5), IPRA (SN-3), Beans (IP-1), Information 
Systems Unit (IS) 
17 
Milestones: 2005 
Pilot Monitoring • A mínimum of2 water monitoring networks 
watersheds networks 1 established within C& W watersheds by 2005 
baseline surveys • Links toa mínimum of2 regional 1 national 
monitoring networks by 2005 for data interchange 
• A mínimum of 2 baseline household-level water 
and resource use surveys designed, implemented 
within C&W watersheds, and analyzed by the end 
of2005 
Integrated • Image analysis ofland use and management 
watershed (high resolution imagery and ground truthing) 
management completed within 2 C& W watersheds in 2005 
• Water availability 1 wetlands hydrologic response 
research established in 1 C& W watershed 
• Riparian use and management studies initiated in 
2 C& W watersheds in 2005 
• Water Efficient technologies installed and 
monitored in a mínimum of2 C&W watersheds 
• Best Management Practices (BMP) assessment in 
a mínimum of 2 C& W watersheds 
Workshops 1 Watershed • 1 ESA workshop completed by 2005 to support 
trainings Management joint CIA T 1 GO hotspot analysis 
(formal) Y outh research • A mínimum 2 youth leadership workshops 
1 leadership conducted in 2005 
• At least 1 joint UBC youth workshop conducted 
in 2005 
Students 1 • 2 MSc theses to be completed in 2005 
interns • A mínimum of 1 ongoing student research 
activity supported in 2005 
• A mínimum of 1 internship proj ect completed in 
2005 
Publications 1 IT • Website re-design and update completed in 2005 
communication • 1 CD-ROM highlighting project initiatives 
completed in 2005 
• 1 ESA method CD-ROM completed by 2005 
Guides 1 • A mínimum 2 Guides produced on youth 
brochures research for use by schools and communities by 
the end of 2005 
Articles, books, • A mínimum of 2 scientific papers written andlor 
conferences presented 
Fund raising Special projects • A mínimum of 3 special project proposals 
written and submitted 
• Specific donor targets: Kellogg for Colombia and 
CIDA for Honduras and Nicaragua 
Contmued. 
18 
2006 
Pilot Monitoring • Continuation of water quantity and quality 
watersheds networks 1 monitoring within 2 C&W watersheds 
baseline surveys • Expansion ofmonitoring sites within 1 C&W 
watershed 
• Baseline surveys designed, implemented, and 
analyzed in 1 additional C& W watershed (based 
on successful fund raising) 
Integrated • Jmage analysis of land use 1 management 
watershed completed in 2006 for 1 additional watershed 
management • Continuation of water availability 1 hydrologic 
response research initiated in 2004/05 
• Assessment of water efficient technologies 
monitored in 2005 in 2 C& W watersheds 
Workshops 1 Y outh research • A mínimum 1 youth research workshop 
trainings conducted in 2006 
• At least 1 joint UBC workshop conducted in 
2006 
Students 1 • A mínimum of 1 student with research activities 
interns ongoing in 2006 
• A mínimum 1 intem per South and Central 
America 
Publications 1 IT • Translation of 1 UBC CD-ROM text into 
communication Spanish completed in 2006 
• Application of ESA CD translated in 2005 
Guides 1 • Application of Guides produced in 2005 on 
brochures youth research within 2 C&W watersheds 
Articles, books, • A mínimum of 2 scientific papers written and/or 
conferences presented in 2006 
Fund raising Special projects • A mínimum of 2 special project proposals 
written and submitted in 2006 
Contmued. 
19 
2007 
Pilot Monitoring • Continuation of water quantity and quality 
watersheds networks 1 monitoring within 3 C&W watersheds 
baseline surveys • Expansion of monitoring si tes within 2 partner 
watersheds in South America (based on 
successful fund raising) 
• Baseline surveys designed, implemented, and 
analyzed in 2 partner watersheds in South 
America (based on successful fund raising) 
Integrated • Water balance 1 availability assessment 
watet:shed completed in 2007 for 1 C& W watershed 
management • Environmentally Sensitive Area Assessment 
pilot project initiated to adapt the UBC 
methodology to Latín America (based on 
successful fund raising) 
Workshops 1 Y outh research • At least 1 joint UBC workshop conducted in 
trainings 2007 
Students 1 • 1 UBC PhD student thesis completed in 2007 
intems • A mínimum 1 intem per South and Central 
America 
Publications 1 IT • Website and CD-ROM developed in 2007 
cornrnunicatíon highlighting research results in 1 C& W 
watershed 
Artícles, books, • A mínimum of2 scientific papers written and/or 
conferences presented in 2007 
Fund raising Special projects • A mínimum of 2 special project proposals 
written and subrnitted in 2007 
20 
CIAT C&W Project LogFrame (2005-2007) 
Project: 
Manager: 
Communities and Watersheds 
José Ignacio Sanz 
Narrative Sumroary Measurable lndicators 
Goal: 
Water quantity and quality pararoeters To improve water, food, and 
environmental quality and Water efficiency (use and technologies) 
services through research on land- Farmer adoption oftechnologies 1 
water-community interactions. methods 
Purpose: Local capacity building - training To strengthen local processes of 
watershed management and programs Youth involvement in NRM 
sustainable agricultura! Community-based involvement in development in tropical regions 
based on the experiences ofNRM watershed management 
at research watersheds. 
Output 1 
Land-water interactions: lmproved watershed management Water quantity and quality based on knowledge of land-
water interactions. parameters 
Land use: management and change 
Output 2 
More equitable highland-lowland Highland-lowland interactions: 
resource (water) allocation. Water quality parameters 
Water quantity (drinking and 
irrigation) 
Water use (by sector) 
----
Means of Veriflcation 
Local research 1 roonitoring 
networks 
Comparable indicators 
Watershed comparisons 
No. workshops conducted 
No. youth groups 1 projects 
Leve! of community 
participation in watershed 
management activities 
Field research 
Monitoring networks 
Primary data collection 
Image analysis and field 
verification 
Field research 
Monitoring networks 
Primary data collection 
Water use survey 
Important Assuroptions 
1 
The environmental, social, 
economic, and political 
conditions are maintained on a 
macro leve!. 
Local partners continue project-
related activities. 
1 
Donors interested in the 
proposed project objectives 
¡ 
and provide support. 
Climate variability is normal. 
Donor support is obtained. 
Social stability 
Climate variability is normal. 
Donor support is obtained. 
Social stability 
Continued. 
Narrative Summary Mensurable Iudicators Mcans of V crification lmportant Assumptions 
Output 3 Water: 
Provision of environmental services: Water quality parameters Field research Climate variability is normal. 
water Water quantity parameters Monitoring networks Donor support is obtained. 
Water use by sector Primary data collection Social stability 
Riparian buffers (type and quality) Water use survey 
Riparian buffer inventory 
Output 4 
Strengthened organizations: Training prograrns No. and type of workshops Donor support obtained. 
community and institutional capacity Youth group formation and activities conducted Social stability. 
building lnformation dissemination (format No. youth groups 1 projects 
and content) No. reports, CDs, Website 
Partnerships links, papers, presentations 
No. and type of partners 
(GO, NGO, local, regional) 
Output S 
Efficient use of project resources Approved projects designed with No. new projects funded Institutionallinkages are 
through participatory project partners and donors No. and type partners and maintained. 
management Partners participate in fieldwork leve! of partícipation Donor support is obtained. 
Data sharing agreements No. data sharing agreements 
Lessons Jearncd by the projcct and No. papers, brochures, 
its partners disseminated Websile links, CD-ROMS, 
New projects adopt methods, documentation of 
techniques, and experiences replication of methods and 
generated by the project and its techniques 
partners 
Alliances - strategic and special No. and type ofpartners 
project (GO, NGO, local, regional) 
-- -- - -