Workshop report: Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) Planning and Review Meetings for Kondoa and Kiteto Districts, Tanzania December 2016 John Gathenya 2 Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) Planning and Review Meetings Kondoa and Kiteto Districts, Tanzania, December 2016 Workshop Report CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) John M. Gathenya 3 Correct citation: Gathenya, J. 2017. Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA): Planning and Review Meetings for Kondoa and Kiteto Districts, Tanzania. CCAFS Workshop Report. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org CCAFS Workshop Reports aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Published by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) is a strategic partnership of CGIAR and Future Earth, led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). The Program is carried out with funding by CGIAR Fund Donors, Australia (ACIAR), Ireland (Irish Aid), Netherlands (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade; Switzerland (SDC); Thailand; The UK Government (UK Aid); USA (USAID); The European Union (EU); and with technical support from The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Contact: CCAFS Coordinating Unit - Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Tel: +45 35331046; Email: ccafs@cgiar.org Creative Commons License This Workshop Report is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial– NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Articles appearing in this publication may be freely quoted and reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes. © 2017 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Photos: all photos by J. Gathenya. DISCLAIMER: This Workshop Report has been prepared as an output for the Flagship 4: Climate Services and Safety Nets (previously Flagship 2: Climate Risk Management) under the CCAFS program and has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of CCAFS, donor agencies, or partners. The geographic designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CCAFS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. 4 Abstract A one-day planning and review meeting took place on December 14th 2016 for the Kondoa District and on December 15th for the Kiteto District. Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) training aims to build the capacity of end users of climate services in the agriculture and food security sectors to enable them make better decisions and become more resilient to risks arising from climate variability. This meeting was a follow up to the PICSA intermediary training that was held in September and October 2016, after which the intermediary or extension workers returned to their villages to implement PICSA. This planning and review meeting evaluated the success of PICSA implementation and attempted to tackle the challenges that extension workers faced by revising the difficult areas of the PICSA manual and making recommendations that can be taken up by decision makers and hence make PICSA more sustainable. The experiences of the extensions workers demonstrate that PICSA can be integrated in the package of support to farmers and pastoralists. Keywords Climate information service; Planning and review; Global Framework for Climate Services; Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture; Climate variability; Adaptation. 5 About the author John M. Gathenya is a Professor and Climate Services expert at the School of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Contact: j.m.gathenya@jkuat.ac.ke 6 Acknowledgements The Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Programme for Africa (GFCS-APA) is funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Norway. The partners of the GFCS-APA are World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Programme (WFP), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) including Norwegian Red Cross and Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO) and the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI). This workshop was supported by WFP and CCAFS with funds from GFCS-APA. 7 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 Aims of the workshop ............................................................................................... 9 Programme and Content ......................................................................................... 10 Participants and facilitators ..................................................................................... 10 Progress on PICSA implementation and experiences ............................................. 11 Solutions to the challenges and recommendations ................................................. 13 Sustainability of PICSA .......................................................................................... 15 Conclusion and recommendations .......................................................................... 15 Appendix 1: Planning and Review meeting programme ........................................ 17 Appendix 2: List of participants from Kondoa District .......................................... 19 Appendix 3: List of participants from Kiteto District ............................................. 21 Appendix 4: Experiences of extension workers during PICSA implementation .... 22 Appendix 5: Kondoa District Report ...................................................................... 24 Appendix 6: Kiteto District Report ......................................................................... 26 8 Acronyms CCAFS CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CGIAR Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research DAICO District Agriculture, Irrigation and Cooperatives Officer GFCS-APA Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Programme for Africa PICSA Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture RAM Resource Allocation Model TMA Tanzania Meteorological Agency VAEO Village Agricultural Extension Officer WAEO Ward Agricultural Extension Officer WFP World Food Programme 9 Introduction The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) is a strategic ten-year partnership emerging from new collaboration between Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and Future Earth aimed at overcoming the additional threats posed by a changing climate to achieving food security, enhancing livelihoods and improving environmental management in the developing world. CCAFS brings together strategic research in agricultural science, development research, climate science, and Earth System science, to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and trade- offs between climate change, agriculture and food security. CCAFS is structured around four closely inter-linked global research themes: Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change; Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk; Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation; and Integration for Decision Making. Under the auspices of the Norway-funded Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Programme in Africa (GFCS-APA), CCAFS, in collaboration with WFP Tanzania and the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA), held an intermediary training workshop for intermediaries involved in delivering climate services to smallholder farmers in Kiteto District. The training in Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) was offered by the Walker Institute of the University of Reading, UK in partnership with WFP Tanzania. Agriculture and livestock extension workers from the Kondoa and Kiteto districts of Tanzania participated in the PICSA training course in September and October 2016. After the training, they returned to their work stations to start implementing the PICSA approach with their local farmers. This planning and review meeting held in December 2016 is a follow-up meeting that brought together the extension workers and PICSA facilitators. Aims of the workshop The meeting provided an opportunity for the extension workers to share their experiences with farmers during the PICSA implementation. More specifically, the 10 extension workers were expected to highlight the things that went well, point out the difficulties and challenges, and work together with other extension workers and PICSA facilitators to address the challenges and clarify the difficult areas. The TMA staff also had the opportunity to discuss developments since seasonal forecast were issued and to present the most recent forecasts. This was therefore a forum where key players in PICSA drew lessons from one another with the aim of strengthening the PICSA implementation in future. Programme and Content The planning and review meeting for Kondoa took place on December 14th 2016 and the training for the Kiteto district took place on December 15th 2016. The schedule and programme of the meetings are presented in Appendix 1. Participants and facilitators A total of 33 agriculture and livestock extension workers from Kondoa District (Table 1) and 35 from Kiteto District attended the training (Table 2). In addition, there were two participants from the TMA stationed at the district. The full list of participants is in Appendices 2 and 3. All participants were from organizations that used weather and climate information in their work and support farmers and livestock keepers in decision making that involves weather and climate information. The workshop facilitators were drawn from CCAFS / University of Reading, TMA, and World Food Programme (Table 3). Category of participants (Kondoa District Council) Number of Male Participants Number of Female Participants District Level Agriculture and Livestock Extension Officers 6 0 Ward Level Extension Officers 6 0 Village Level Extension Officers 5 0 TMA Rainfall register 0 1 Category of participants (Kondoa Town Council) Number of Male Participants Number of Female Participants District Level Agriculture and Livestock Extension Officers 4 0 Ward Level Extension Officers 3 1 11 Village Level Extension Officers 4 4 TMA Rainfall register 0 1 Table 1. Kondoa Participants in Summary Category of participants Number of Male Participants Number of Female Participants District Level Agriculture and Livestock Extension Officers 5 0 Ward Level Extension Officers 7 3 Village Level Extension Officers 13 7 TMA rainfall register 0 1 TOTAL 25 11 Table 2 Kiteto Participants in Summary Institution of Facilitators Number of Male Participants Number of Female Participants CCAFS / University of Reading 1 0 Tanzania Met Agency 1 0 World Food Programme 1 0 Table 3 Facilitators in Summary The following organizations were represented either as participants or facilitators: § Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries § Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) § Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Programme of CGIAR (CCAFS) § University of Reading, UK (UoR) § World Food Programme (WFP) Progress on PICSA implementation and experiences The District Agriculture, Irrigation and Cooperatives Officers (DAICOs) of the two districts sent reports on the progress made in implementing PICSA during the months of October and December 2016. The two reports are in Appendices 6 and 7. For Kondoa, the 33 extension workers trained in September 2016 targeted to train 1550 farmers/pastoralists in September, October and November 2016. They trained 1171 farmers/pastoralists by end of November 2016. The actual number of those 12 trained was there 76% of the intended numbers. The gender composition of the farmers trained is not known. Figure 1. Participants share feedback during a small-group discussion at the Kondoa meeting. For Kiteto, the village and ward level extension workers trained during the PICSA intermediary training in held in Arusha from 3rd to 7th October 2016 visited 30 villages and implemented PICSA over the months of October and November. They trained 2726 farmers and pastoralists (1470 male and 1226 female). The district level staff went out to monitor and supervise the training in November 2016. 13 Figure 2. Participants share feedback during small-group discussion at the Kiteto meeting. During the planning and review meeting, the participants were asked to respond to the following questions: § What has gone well? § What has been most difficult or challenging for you? § What did the farmers find most useful? § How have the farmers you work with reacted to the PICSA approach? The participants completed the questions individually and then had group discussions. The responses to the four questions given by the participants are provided in Appendix 4. Solutions to the challenges and recommendations The topic of probabilities was found to be the most difficult and was revised accordingly. The participants learnt how the individual probabilities from the graphs of seasonal rainfall, the start of season and the length of season are calculated and how they are combined in the crops table. 14 The other important parts of PICSA were also revised. This included resource allocation map (RAM), crops, livestock and livelihood matrices and participatory budgets. Participants went into their groups and each group prepared one of the charts (RAM, livestock/crops/livelihood options matrix, participatory budget) and presented it to the class. After this, there were discussions to reinforce the issues to be emphasized in each step, especially related to climate information and encouraging farmers to decide based on the individual context. During the discussions, it is recommended that the PICSA manual should be offered in the Kiswahili language, with the graphs and tables presented to farmers translated to Kiswahili. The extension workers in Kondoa felt that money in the participatory budget could be shown in numbers rather than symbols. However other things could be shown in symbols. The group in Kiteto did not have this view. The section of PICSA manual on probabilities needs to be revised with a view to make it easier to understand. As much as possible, the PICSA training should be offered in a way that is similar to other trainings. Some participants felt that it is offered in a way that is different and seems superior to other trainings and this raises expectations of farmers. However, it could be that the extension workers need to draw lessons from the PICSA approach and improve their training methods for other topics. This may call for more resources and better skills. Supervisors at the district level should be facilitated to reach out to the extension workers in the villages in order to motivate them. Leaders at all levels should come out strongly to support the training of farmers and pastoralists. In regard to training logistics, here should be a harmonized strategy to deal with farmers’ expectation of payments after a training session. The extension workers may need further training to enhance their skills in communication so that they can keep the learners alert and interested. TMA should resume the delivery of weather forecasts via mobile text messages (SMS). TMA should continue on working to deliver downscaled forecasts. 15 Sustainability of PICSA In regard to making PICSA sustainable, the district-level agricultural and livestock officers provided a number of recommendations. First, PICSA activities should be included in local open performance review and appraisal (OPRA) for the financial year 2017-2018. OPRAs are typically signed in June each year. It is also necessary to lobby for a budget for PICSA activities in the 2017-2018 budget. PICSA may not be mentioned explicitly, but at the district level it is possible to propose PICSA activities to be funded from the basket of funds for extension. Awareness should be raised at all levels of leadership so that support for PICSA can be enhanced and the hindrances to its adoption minimized. Finally, the need for a Kiswahili PICSA manual for farmers is emphasized. Conclusion and recommendations The success of PICSA implementation in the Kondoa and Kiteto districts in September, October, and November 2016 demonstrates that it is possible to integrate the PICSA approach into the package of support offered by extension workers to farmers and pastoralists. The challenges faced during the training sessions can be minimized if the major decision makers at the district level recognize that strengthening the climate services that are offered to farmers and pastoralists is key to building resilience to climate variability and adapting to future climate change. Therefor all the key players need to rally their financial and human resources in a coordinated manner to support capacity building of intermediaries and farmers. The providers of climate information led by TMA need to continue working with other partners along the value chain to improve the climate information services as envisaged by the GFCS-APA. The experiences reported from the training of end users and intermediaries demonstrate the huge interest in understanding the climate information products and using them in decision making to manage climate risks in agriculture and livestock production. The flow of information from the producers to the users and the feedback from users to producers should not be hindered. The goal 16 of GFCS-APA of delivering timely, actionable and credible climate information has not been achieved fully and a lot remains to be done. The planning and review meeting provided important recommendations. There is a great need to translate PICSA manual and other training materials to Kiswahili, the local language. The intermediary training materials as well as crop information tables, combined probabilities based on crop water requirements, days to maturity, and historical rainfall data should be calculated and finalized for these districts using the available long-term climate data from local stations. These could even be availed via the TMA website (e.g. the ENACTS website). The delivery of climate information from TMA can be strengthened via SMS, radio and other channels of communication. PICSA workshops should be facilitated in a way that is similar to other trainings offered to farmers so that it does not look special and raise expectations. Organizers must work on harmonized approach to deal with farmers’ expectations for financial rewards for attending training sessions. 17 Appendix 1: Planning and Review meeting programme for Kondoa and Kiteto Districts, Dec 14th & 15th, 2016 Arrival and departure schedule Day Date Activity Tuesday 13 Dec 2016 Kondoa participants travel to Dodoma Pre-workshop preparation Wednesday 14 Dec 2016 Kondoa District planning and review meeting Kiteto participants travel to Dodoma Thursday 15 Dec 2016 Kiteto District planning and review meeting Kondoa participants return to work station Friday 16 Dec 2016 Kiteto participants travel back to work station Meeting programme Time Topic Outline Responsible 8.30 Registration JK 9.00 - 9:15 Introduction and welcome Introduction Purpose of meeting and agenda JG/ JK 9.15 - 9.30 Introduction to feedback on the ToTs roll-out Introduction to the purpose of the feedback session and outline of the set questions for participants JG 9.30 - 10.00 Individual feedback Participants encouraged to reflect individually on the roll out so far Participants 10.00 - 10:45 Group work – feedback on the ToTs roll-out Workshop session where participants break into groups and discuss the roll-out as it has progressed so far Session structured around set questions JG 10.00 – 10:45 District heads discussion on how to integrate PICSA into 2017 Ag. Extension plans What is needed to have this happen? DAICO 10.45- 11:00 Tea break 11:00 - 12:00 Reflection – feedback on the ToTs roll-out Each of the groups feeds back their reflections based around the set questions JK 12:00 – Session on the Presentation on the monitoring This session did not take 18 12:20 monitoring visits from 2016 visits that have taken place, also support provided so far place 12.20 – 1:00 Recap of the PICSA steps Facilitators re-stress the purpose and aims of each of the steps of PICSA JG 1:00 - 2:00 Lunch 2:00 – 2:30 Identifying PICSA steps that require more information / clarification The opportunity for participants / intermediaries to be able to identify the steps of PICSA that they need further help on JK/ JG 2.30 – 3.30 Breakout sessions on individual PICSA steps Split into groups for ‘expert’ sessions on each of the steps so that they can be covered Participants 3.30 – 3.15 Tea break 3.15 – 4.15 Breakout sessions on individual PICSA steps Continue in groups for ‘expert’ sessions on each of the steps so that they can be covered Participants 4:15 - 4.30 OND seasonal forecast: how is the season developing? Discuss the outcome of the season start and forecast for next month TMA 4.30 – 5.00 Summary of key issues for feedback Facilitators cover key points for the whole group JK / JG 5:00 Close Facilitators Name Organization Title Station SEX 1 John M. Gathenya (JG) CCAFS / University of Reading Consultant Nairobi M 2 Juvenal Kisanga (JK) World Food Programme Programme Officer DSM M 3 Charles John Malekela TMA Meteorologist DSM M 4 Mecklina Merchades TMA Meteorologist DSM F 5 Charles Nsalang TMA Meteorologist Arusha M 19 Appendix 1: List of participants from Kondoa District Kondoa Town Council participants Name Designation Gender 1 Hassan Ramadhani Kiseto TAICO M 2 Severin Thomas Lyimo Cooperative Officer M 3 Dennis Forgot Moshi TLFDO M 4 Kenneth Simon Makunga Skin & Hide Officer M 5 Jumanne Kizwalo Boya Ward Agriculture Extension Officer – K/Mjini M 6 Hamida Hamis Ramadhani Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Suruke F 7 Estomihi Ephraim Mringo Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Bolisa M 8 Reginard Michael Gutta Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Chemchem M 9 Hosiana Abia Makere Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Bicha F 10 Godwin Mathias Ngowi Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Kolo F 11 Jalia Akili Ramadhani Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Tungufu F 12 Billy Jackson Lyimo Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Kwantisi M 13 Belramino Felix Majengo Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Kwapakacha M 14 Waziri Ibrahim Mwenda Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Iyoli M 15 Mariam Idd Mkami Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Tura F 16 Ramadhani Ismail Nyange Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Chemchem M 17 Amina Nongai Hassan Rainfall register F Kondoa District Council participants Name Designation Gender 1 Christian Joachim Mwiga DLFDO M 2 Lawrence Robert Mbogela Animal Scientist M 3 Yusuph Julius Idama Crop officer M 4 Shabii Rajab Kasambi Land Use Planning Officer M 5 Andrew Andongwisye Mwamlenga Irrigation Engineer M 6 Gasper Aloyce Themu Animal scientist M 7 Adam Mandoo Mboma WAEO – Kwadelo M 8 Gibson Saulo Mpolela Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Kikore M 9 Godfrey Rutta Kabambo Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Hondomairo M 10 Hemed Athumani Mndeme Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Soera M 11 Godfrey Kazeni Kilango Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Kalamba M 12 Karim Juma Issa Ward Agriculture Extension Officer - Salanka M 13 Frank Mwilenga Steven Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Itololo M 14 Chetto Ikunga Chetto Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Kiteo M 20 15 Augustino Kwaslema Dagharo Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Mitati M 16 Justine Lengai Makesen Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Itundwi M 17 Zacharia Magushi Village Agriculture Extension Officer - Mkekena M 18 Amina Hassan TMA F 21 Appendix 3: List of participants from Kiteto District Kiteto District Council NAME TITLE SEX 1 Robert E. Urassa District Agr., Irrigation, and Cooperatives Officer M 2 Godfrey Tajael District Agricultural officer M 3 Saidi A. Sembade District Agricultural officer M 4 Dr. Lunonu E. Sigalla District veterinary officer M 5 Emmanuel Masha District Livestock officer M 6 Alfred Mashaka Kilangazi Ward Extension Oficer - Lengatei M 7 Godwin Fabian Mbuya Ward Extension Oficer - Chapakazi M 8 Eunike Japhet Msengi Ward Extension Oficer - Bwawani F 9 Mwasoni Kambi Ngela Ward Extension Oficer - Laiseri M 10 Stephen Lulu Nyangura Ward Extension Oficer - Loolera M 11 Joyce Zacharia Mpanduji Ward Extension Oficer - Bwagamoyo F 12 Peace Medorack Nyemele Ward Extension Oficer - Matui F 13 Ally Saidi Mafita Ward Extension Oficer - Kijungu M 14 Qadwe Dahaye Lulu Ward Extension Oficer - Ndirgish M 15 Frank Lazaro Kavemba Ward Extension Oficer - Partimbo M 16 Alistadius A. Kahigwa Village Extension Officer - Magungu M 17 John Zackaria Naaly Village Extension Officer - Njiapanda M 18 Mohamed Hussein Mawere Village Extension Officer - Dosidosi M 19 Christina Deus Mome Village Extension Officer – Chang’ombe (Sunya) F 20 Severine Baltazary Keela Village Extension Officer - Kimana M 21 Betram Shao Herry Village Extension Officer – Chekanao M 22 Venelanda Alfred Cheyo Village Extension Officer – Chang’ombe (Njoro) F 23 Evarest Amos Bungura Village Extension Officer - Mwitikira M 24 Amon Kalesi Aron Village Extension Officer – Olpopong’ M 25 Zakayo John Komba Village Extension Officer - Krash M 26 Beatrice Cleophace Bitegele Village Extension Officer - Ilera F 27 Goodluck John Muro Village Extension Officer - Dongo M 28 Ritha Emelian Genda Village Extension Officer - Mdunku F 29 Abdalah Ibrahim Ekingo Village Extension Officer – Engusero-Engine M 30 Ndoosa Sapun Mollel Village Extension Officer - Makame M 31 Loma Lourisha Laizer Village Extension Officer = Mbigiri M 32 Mdoe S. Mainde Village Extension Officer - Namelock M 33 Aisha Ramadhani Omary Village Extension Officer - Enguserosidan F 34 Saumu Athumani Msangi Village Extension Officer -Nchinila F 35 Eva Pantaleo Mosha Village Extension Officer - Zambia F 36 Amina B. Mdillah TMA/Ministry of Water Ministry of Water F 22 Appendix 4: Experiences of extension workers during PICSA implementation KONDOA KITETO What has gone well? 1. Generally the training was well received by the farmers. They promised to use the knowledge. They requested that the training be done regularly. 2. Farmers were happy with the new information on climate change. 3. They understood how to prepare a budget for the crops and livestock options they selected. 4. Farmers understood how to make a RAM for their area. 5. Farmers appreciated the participatory approach used in the training. 6. Farmers understood the climate risks and would like to select seeds that mature early as guided by the forecasts. 7. The extension workers started training the farmers soon after the ToT. 8. The district staff managed to follow up with some of the groups 9. We achieved the targets that we set for the number of farmers to train. 10. The seasonal calendar was appreciated; also the PB, seasonal forecast and the RAM. 11. Farmers liked the table showing the crops/varieties and the water requirements and the probabilities. 12. Farmers liked the seasonal forecasts and requested the information to be sent to them regularly. What are the difficulties and challenges during PICSA roll-out 13. The graphs were not easily understood because they were in English. 14. The crops information table missed some important crops found in the district e.g. rice, millet. 15. The calculation of probabilities was not easy to understand. 16. Some farmers insisted on growing the same crop and variety; they do not like to try out new ideas. 17. Some of the seeds that are suitable for the climate in Kondoa are not available in the market. 18. Some of the seed varieties may be good for the climate but may have other challenges e.g. eaten by birds, not tasty, not easy to preserve. 19. The trust farmers put in TMA is lowered if the forecast does not turn out as it was predicted. 20. The environment for training does not suit the methods being used e.g. sunny, dusty, windy conditions where one is expected to write. 21. The farmers do not receive the weather forecasts in time; would like SMS messages to be sent. 22. Some farmers expect to be paid especially when they see the extension workers coming with flip charts and pens… their expectations are raised. 23. Some farmers would like to use numbers for money and not signs when doing the 30. The supervisors lacked readily available transport to do the follow up; the district is vast and villages scattered over large distances. 31. The probabilities are not easy to understand. 32. Some farmers leave training sessions during prayer times disrupting the training. 33. Some conflicts between farmers and pastoralists over land affected attendance and participation. 34. The language of PICSA manual is not easy to understand. - It needs to be offered in Kiswahili language. 35. Poor attendance and participation of farmers due to various reasons: No money being offered, other competing interests. In some cases attendance was good on first day and decreased on successive days. Some NGOs offer money to farmers, others do not. 36. Poor time keeping; some farmers came to the training late. 37. Alcohol: some farmers came while drunk; others slept during the training. 38. Low literacy levels slows down the training. 39. Poor environment for training: dust, wind, sun. 40. Shortage of training materials e.g. notebooks, flip charts, pens. 41. Shortage of seeds that are suited to the climate; Some seeds appear on the market late. 42. Failure to receive the monthly and ten day forecasts in time; failure of SMS dissemination 23 participatory budgets. 24. Farmers do not observe the times set for the training due to other competing interests. 25. The attendance of the meetings is sometimes poor. 26. Sometimes the participation is not gender balanced. Men may dominate if they think there is money but send women if they realize there is no money. 27. Younger farmers do not come for the training. 28. Some of the leaders do not support the training hence farmers may not value the training if the leaders do not. 29. After the training some farmers expect to be given seeds. system. (TMA reported this was due to technical problems.) What did the farmers find most useful? 43. The farmers liked the RAM, seasonal calendar, crops information table, participatory budget and the seasonal forecast. 44. The farmers asked that the weather forecasts be issued at the right time as they are very useful in their farming decisions. 45. Farmers are able to choose activities that are suited to the climate and weather. 46. Famers realized the importance of choices that are informed by the budgets. 47. Farmers would like the training to be more practical e.g. use of demo plots and farmer field schools. 48. Farmers found the timely communication of the weather forecast useful because it allowed them to plan their activities and make choices in line with the weather. 49. Farmers appreciate information on seeds that are well suited to their climate. 50. Farmers understand the need to plant early maturing seeds to minimize the risks. 51. Farmers understood the need to diversify their sources of food and income as a way of managing risks. 52. Farmers realized the need to consider climate information in decisions of crop and livestock enterprises. 53. Availability of climate information was appreciated by the farmers. 54. The participatory budgets and seasonal calendars were interesting to the farmers. 4. How have the farmers you work with reacted to the PICSA approach? 55. Farmers would like to understand how to relate the seasonal forecast from TMA with their traditional one where they use other indicators. 56. Farmers enjoyed the whole training but had more interest in the weather forecast from TMA. 57. Farmers like the PICSA training; they became aware of the need to consider climate information and risks while selecting crops and varieties. 58. They would like to diversify their income generating activities, 59. They appreciated the information on the seeds that are best for their climate. 60. They would like to plant seeds that are early maturing and drought tolerant. 61. They would like to follow up on the weather forecasts from TMA. 24 Appendix 5: Kondoa District Report Introduction Climate Services Adaptation Programme in Africa is a multi-agency initiative under Global Framework Climate Services. This flagship is implemented in Tanzania and Malawi; Kondoa District Council and Kondoa Town Council are among three districts in Tanzania under this initiative. It envisages building integrated frameworks and supporting existing initiatives in climate services, food security, nutrition and health as well as disaster risk reduction. Training programme Following intermediary trainings completed in September 2016, Kondoa District Council and Kondoa Town Council extension officers who attended the training trained farmers from September 2016 in their villages. The exercise is in progress. Areas covered (topics) Each extension officer covered the following areas; Seasonal calendar, Resource Allocation Map, Historical Climate Information, Probabilities and risks, Farmers options, Participatory budget, the farmer decides and Seasonal forecast. Duration of training differ, ranging from two to four sessions depending on attendance of participants (farmers). Number of Farmers trained A total of 1171 farmers were trained out 1550 expected, which is about 76% as shown. VILLAGE S/ N NAME TITLE SEX NUMBER OF EXPECTED FARMERS TRAINED FARMERS HQ 1 Hassan Ramadhani Kiseto TAICO M - - Miningani 2 Severin Thomas Lyimo Cooperative Officer M 50 34 Mnarani 3 Dennis Forgot Moshi TLFDO M 50 35 Iboni 4 Kenneth Simon Makunga Skin & Hide Officer M 50 43 K/Mjini 5 Jumanne Kizwalo Boya WAEO M 50 34 Suruke 6 Hamida Hamis Ramadhani WAEO F 50 50 Bolisa 7 Estomihi Ephraim Mringo WAEO M 50 37 25 Chemchem 8 Reginard Michael Gutta WAEO M 50 16 Bicha 9 Hosiana Abia Makere VAEO F 50 80 Kolo 10 Evodia Vitalis Magoha VAEO F 50 12 Tungufu 11 Jalia Akili Ramadhani VAEO F 50 70 Kwantisi 12 Billy Jackson Lyimo VAEO M 50 25 Kwapakach a 13 Belramino Felix Majengo VAEO M 50 50 Iyoli 14 Waziri Ibrahim Mwenda VAEO M 50 50 Tura 15 Mariam Idd Mkami VAEO F 50 50 Chemchem 16 Ramadhani Ismail Nyange VAEO M 50 50 HQ 17 Christian Joachim Mwiga DLFDO M - - Loo 18 Juvenal Anthony Munishi Agronomist M 50 43 Potea 19 Issack Vincent Luambano Extensionist M 50 35 Kwamadeb e 20 Shabii Rajab Kasambi Land Use Planning M 50 30 Mnenia 21 Andrew Andongwisye Mwamlenga Irrig engineer M 50 35 Filimo 22 Gasper Aloyce Themu Animal scientist M 50 26 Kwadelo 23 Adam Mandoo Mboma WAEO M 50 46 Kikore 24 Gibson Saulo Mpolela WAEO M 50 50 Hondomair o 25 Godfrey Rutta Kabambo WAEO M 50 49 Soera 26 Hemed Athumani Mndeme WAEO M 50 41 Kalamba 27 Godfrey Kazeni Kilango WAEO M 50 35 Salanka 28 Karim Juma Issa WAEO M 50 33 Itololo 29 Frank Mwilenga Steven VAEO M 50 50 Kiteo 30 Chetto Ikunga Chetto VAEO M 50 22 Mitati 31 Augustino Kwaslema Dagharo VAEO M 50 0 Itundwi 32 Justine Lengai Makesen VAEO M 50 24 Mkekena 33 Zacharia Magushi VAEO M 50 16 TOTAL 1550 1171 Challenges faced Farmers’ turn-out was not very good at different sessions of training due to their personal commitments. Conclusion The district is satisfied with the attitude of farmers, they have shown interest to what they have been taught and that the training has been of importance to them. 26 Appendix 6: Kiteto District Report Introduction During its First phase of operation, The GFCS Project in Kiteto District which started in October, 2014, trained a total of 32 intermediary trainings, whom afterwards, facilitated training of 3,087 Farmers/Pastoralists in 22 selected villages, on Climate and Climate change. The Second Phase of the project started with training of 35 intermediary trainings at Arusha in October 2016, whom were fully packed with necessary knowledge and materials to train at least 3,000 Farmers in 30 Villages. Implementation of the Project in the District, once again, was fully sponsored by WFP through PICSA, while Kiteto District Council acted as an implementing partner. Project Implementation Training Plan: Being a core of the project, training was planned to be executed in two levels meant to meet a demand of imparting appropriate knowledge to specific target participants in the project, so as to meet desired efficiency. The plan was as follows: PHASE OF TRAINING TRAINING TARGET PARTICIPANTS PERIOD REMARKS 1st PHASE Training of Extension Staffs on Climate change Trainers and Extension Staffs October 2016 Training was successfully conducted where 35 Extension Staffs were trained Training of Farmers and Pastoralists Extension Staffs, Farmers and Pastoralists November 2016 Training was successfully conducted; up to now 2,726 farmers were trained (1,470 male and 1,226 Female). Training continues in some Villages Monitoring and evaluation of training in 30 villages District Focal Person, District supervisors, Extension Staffs November 2016 Conducted Evaluation of the Project implementation. Trainers and Extension Staffs Not yet conducted 27 Challenges encountered during Project Implementation up to now During implementation of the Project, up to this much, various challenges were encountered; such as: § Some of the Farmers/Pastoralists being faced with the problem of understanding of Kiswahili to the extent of necessitating use of interpreters. § Interrupted flow of the climate information from TMA due to some technical problems, something that affected weather forecasting updates. § Relative higher level of illiteracy among Participants (Farmers/Pastoralists) to the extent of affecting closer and effective follow up of data translation using climate information presented in graphs form. § The trainings were conducted during the land preparation period so it affects farmers’ attentiveness and concentration, as their minds were fully engaged with Seasonal operation and its challenges. Conclusion The project seemed really important to Farmers/Pastoralists as well as the whole of Kiteto District, as it offer the most appropriate package of knowledge and skills, to the right people, in the right area, for the right purpose in the right time.