Report of the Stakeholder Mapping and Crop Prioritization workshop for the BOLDER Project on Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) 29th -30th July 2024| 9:00 - 16:00 EAT| Arusha Tanzania| Moureen Awori, Daudi Mubiru and Gloria Otieno Building Opportunities for Lesser-known Diversity in Edible Resources (BOLDER) A Report of the Stakeholder Mapping and Crop Prioritization workshop for the BOLDER Project on Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) in Tanzania 29th – 30th July 2024 Arusha, Tanzania Moureen Awori, Daudi Mubiru and Gloria Otieno Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (ABC) 2024 The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) delivers research-based solutions that address the global crises of malnutrition, climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation. The Alliance focuses on the nexus of agriculture, nutrition and environment. We work with local, national and multinational partners across Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, and with the public and private sectors and civil society. With novel partnerships, the Alliance generates evidence and mainstreams innovations to transform food systems and landscapes so that they sustain the planet, drive prosperity, and nourish people in a climate crisis. The Alliance is part of CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future dedicated to reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources. alliancebioversityciat.org www.cgiar.org Citation:. Awori M., Mubiru D. and Otieno G. (2024): A Report of the Stakeholder Mapping and Crop Prioritization workshop for the BOLDER Project on Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) in Tanzania ISBN: 978-92-9255-339-5 © Bioversity International Via di San Domenico, 1 00153 Rome, ITALY © Bioversity International, 2021 https://www.bioversityinternational.org/ http://alliancebioversityciat.org/ http://www.cgiar.org/ https://www.bioversityinternational.org/ Acknowledgements The BOLDER initiative wishes to extend its sincere gratitude to all stakeholders who contributed to the success of the workshop. We appreciate the valuable insights and expertise shared by representatives from academic/research institutions, government agencies, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations, private sector entities, and consultants. Special thanks go to Dr. Gloria Otieno (Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT), Dr. Nora Castaneda (Crop Trust), Ms. Colleta Nduguru (World Vegetable Center), Mr. Laurence Mapunda (The National Plant Genetic Resources), Dr. William Hamisy (TPHPA-NPGRC), Dr. John Jasper Tenga (TARI Mtwara), Dr. Soningbe N'Danikou (World Vegetable Center), and Ms. Gladness Brush Martin (SWISSAID Tanzania) for their informative presentations. We also acknowledge the active participation and engagement of all attendees, whose contributions enriched the discussions and outcomes. The facilitation team, comprising Nora Castaneda and Juna Thimnu from Crop Trust, alongside co-facilitators from Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT and WorldVeg, for skilfully guiding the workshop proceedings. Lastly, we appreciate the generous support from the Government of Tanzania, TPHPA, and the National Gene Bank for providing the venue and logistical assistance. Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 4 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 7 1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Workshop objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Workshop Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3 Workshop participants and facilitators ........................................................................................................... 9 2 Welcome Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 9 3 BOLDER Initiative project – objectives and components ................................................................. 10 3.1 Project goal and outputs. .............................................................................................................................. 10 4 Crowd sourced Citizen-science Approach for Participatory Evaluation and Selection....................... 11 5 Existing NUS projects and Programmes in Tanzania ........................................................................ 11 5.1 NUS conservation and Utilization in Tanzania ............................................................................................... 11 5.2 The status of NUS breeding in Southeastern Tanzania ................................................................................. 12 5.3 Mainstreaming African traditional vegetables into national agrifood systems in sub-Saharan Africa ......... 12 5.4 Neglected and Underutilized Crops (NUC) and Community seedbanks ....................................................... 13 6 Stakeholder Mapping..................................................................................................................... 14 6.1 Stakeholder Mapping: The Human Health and Nutrition Group .................................................................. 16 6.2 Stakeholder Mapping : Gene banks, researchers, breeders and seed sector Actors .................................... 17 6.3 Stakeholder Mapping: Private sector actors ................................................................................................. 19 6.4 Stakeholder Mapping: Cross-cutting Group .................................................................................................. 20 6.5 Stakeholder Mapping: Farmers and Local Communities’ Group .................................................................. 21 7 NUS and Trait Prioritization Group Exercise .................................................................................... 23 7.1 Prioritised NUS and the rationale for their selection .................................................................................... 23 7.2 Trait Prioritization for the Four NUS .............................................................................................................. 24 8 Closing remarks ............................................................................................................................. 25 9 Annexes......................................................................................................................................... 26 9.1 Annex 1: Workshop Participants ................................................................................................................... 26 9.2 Annex 2: Agenda ............................................................................................................................................ 27 9.3 Annex 3: Stake holder Mapping template ..................................................................................................... 29 9.4 Annex 4: Stakeholder for the Human Health and Nutrition Group ............................................................... 30 9.5 Annex 5: Stakeholder Contacts for the Human Health and Nutrition Group ................................................ 32 9.6 Annex 6: Stakeholder Mapping for the Gene banks, researchers, breeders and seed sector Group ........... 33 9.7 Annex 7: Stakeholder contacts for Genebanks, Breeders and Researchers Group ...................................... 34 9.8 Annex 8: Stakeholder Mapping for the Private Sector Actors’ Group .......................................................... 35 9.9 Annex 9: Stakeholder Contacts for the Private Sector Group ....................................................................... 36 9.10 Annex 10: Stakeholder Mapping for the Cross-cutting Group ...................................................................... 37 9.11 Annex 11: Stakeholder Contacts for the Cross-cutting Group ...................................................................... 39 9.12 Annex 12: Stakeholder Mapping for the Farmers and Local Communities Group ....................................... 39 9.13 Annex 13: A matrix of prioritised NUS and the rationale for their selection ................................................ 42 9.14 Annex 14: A matrix of prioritized traits of the four priority crops for each stakeholder category ............... 44 Acronyms and Abbreviations ABC Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT BOLDER Building Opportunities for Lesser-known Diversity in Edible Resources BSF Benefit-Sharing Fund of the ITPGRFA CSA Climate-Smart Agriculture CSBs Community Seed Banks EA East Africa Envirocare Environmental, Human Rights Care and Gender Organisation IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture MOA Ministry of Agriculture NM-AIST The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology NPGRC National Plant Genetic Resources Center NUC Neglected and Underutilized Crops NUS Neglected and Underutilized Species PELUM Participatory Ecological and Land Use Management PGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture PPB Participatory Plant Breeding PPD Public–Private Dialogue TABIO Tanzania Alliance for Biodiversity TARI Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute TOSCI Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute TPHPA Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority QDS Quality Declared Seed SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture TARI Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute TRICOT Triadic Comparison of Technologies UDSM University of Dar ES Salaam Mwalimu Nyerere Main Campus WFP World Food Programme WorldVeg World Vegetable Center Executive Summary The Building Opportunities for Lesser-known Diversity in Edible Resources (BOLDER) initiative seeks to enhance nutrition security in West and East Africa by promoting underutilized, climate-resilient crops. Recently introduced as Work Package 7 within the Biodiversity for Opportunities, Livelihoods and Development project, BOLDER focuses on Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) to create diverse and sustainable food systems. A stakeholder workshop in Tanzania convened 55 participants to identify priority Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) crops, develop comprehensive stakeholder lists, and define roles within NUS food systems. The workshop identified five key priority crops: sweet potatoes, finger millet, Moringa, Bambara groundnuts, and Jute mallow.Participants emphasized the importance of selecting crops with traits such as pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, high nutritional value, and marketability. These traits are critical for enhancing food security, improving nutrition, and ensuring the resilience and sustainability of local food systems. The collaborative efforts of stakeholders aimed to strengthen NUS integration into Tanzania’s agricultural value chains and promote their broader adoption. The BOLDER project will focus on conserving, characterizing, and evaluating Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) while enhancing their integration into sustainable agri-food systems and building the capacity of farmers and researchers. Key activities will include the development of climate-resilient NUS crop varieties, strengthening stakeholder engagement, supporting Gene Banks, promoting market development, and fostering policy support to create an enabling environment for NUS. Collaboration among stakeholders will be crucial for the project's success. The initiative will demonstrate the potential for collective action in strengthening the role of resilient, underutilized crops within local food systems. By aligning stakeholder priorities, researchers, policymakers, and community leaders will develop targeted strategies to promote these crops, addressing future challenges related to food security, malnutrition, and sustainable livelihoods in Tanzanian communities. The prioritized NUS crops will provide transformative opportunities to enhance livelihoods, build resilience, and secure food systems in the face of climate change. Through the implementation of the BOLDER project’s recommendations, Tanzania will contribute to the establishment of resilient, multi-functional agri-food systems that support diverse diets, improve nutrition, and empower communities across Africa. 1 Background The Building Opportunities for Lesser-known Diversity in Edible Resources (BOLDER) initiative, newly introduced as Work Package 7 within the Biodiversity for Opportunities, Livelihoods and Development (BOLD) project, represents an exciting step towards improving nutrition security in West and East Africa. This effort is focused on the value of nutritious, underutilized crops that are naturally resilient to climate change and environmentally sustainable. The project emphasizes that a heavy reliance on just a few staple crops can heighten the risk of micronutrient deficiencies and negatively affect the resilience of food systems. By expanding the diversity of crops grown and consumed, BOLDER aims to create food systems that are both diverse and sustainable. Central to BOLDER’s mission is the promotion of Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS)—plant species often marginalized by mainstream agricultural research, breeding, and policy, despite their potential benefits. This initiative prioritizes NUS in Uganda, Tanzania, Benin, and Ghana, focusing on boosting national gene banks’ technical capacities to conduct gap analyses and organize targeted collecting missions. Furthermore, BOLDER will evaluate selected NUS for cultivation and resilience to climate change. The project also includes innovative methodologies to analyze NUS value chains within local food systems, utilizing participatory approaches to ensure solutions are relevant and widely applicable. Through these initiatives, BOLDER seeks to build resilient, multi-functional agri-food systems that support diverse diets, enhance nutrition, and empower communities across Africa. The purpose of the workshop was to conduct stakeholder consultations across selected countries— Tanzania, Uganda, Benin, and Ghana—to foster collaboration and insights on strengthening the role of underutilized, resilient crops within local food systems. These consultations brought together a diverse array of 55 stakeholders, including farmers and farmer groups, representatives from ministries responsible for health, agriculture, and nutrition, as well as research breeding programs, academia, government officials, international organizations, NGOs, community groups, private sector representatives, national gene banks and consultants, to share ideas and expertise, fostering collaboration to address common challenges. Through these varied perspectives, the workshop aimed to gather valuable input that would shape strategies for promoting nutritious, underutilized crops in sustainable and resilient food systems, addressing the unique needs and opportunities identified in each country 1.1 Workshop objectives By Dr. Gloria Otieno – Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (ABC) The objectives of the workshop included: i) Identify and prioritize a list of four NUS crops for conservation and further research with stakeholders in a participatory manner ii) To develop a comprehensive list of stakeholders in the NUS food systems taking into consideration conservation, seed production, breeding and variety development, food production and value chains and policy. iii) To identify stakeholder roles and functions within the NUS food systems iv) To have an overview of current existing NUS research, breeding value chains development or food systems issues being implemented by stakeholders v) To identify areas of synergy and collaboration in the NUS food systems Research and Development (R&D) in each country. 1.2 Workshop Methodology The workshop employed a comprehensive, two-day consultative approach to achieve its objectives. On the first day, stakeholders delivered presentations showcasing existing projects related to Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS). This was followed by a stakeholder mapping exercise, which aimed to clearly delineate the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder within the NUS food systems. The exercise facilitated a thorough understanding of the stakeholder landscape and fostered collaboration. On the second day, participants engaged in a NUS prioritization exercise, which enabled them to identify and agree upon the four NUS crop species to focus on, along with their prioritized traits. This exercise ensured that the stakeholders' collective expertise informed the selection process, ultimately guiding the direction of future NUS initiatives. 1.3 Workshop participants and facilitators The workshop brought together a diverse group of 55 seed system actors and stakeholders, with participants representing: Academic/Research Institutions: Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, University of Dar ES Salaam, and The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Government Agencies: Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute, and Liwale District Council, International Organizations: IITA, World Vegetable Center, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Crop Trust, and ECHO-East Africa, Non-Governmental Organizations: SWISSAID Tanzania, Tanzania Alliance for Biodiversity, CARITAS, Envirocare, and Participatory Ecological and Land Use Management, Community-Based Organizations: MVIWAARUSHA and UMAWGU, Private Sector: Syova seed and Norges Vel, Consultants: Agro-ecology consultant and Other: IDP – Tanzania. The sessions were facilitated by Nora Castaneda and Juna Thimnu from Crop Trust, with additional support from co-facilitators from Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT and WorldVeg. Table 1. Workshop Participants Description S/N STAKEHOLDER CATEGORY NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS 1 Farmers 2 2 Academic/Research Institutions 13 3 Government Agencies 13 4 International Organizations 15 5 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 5 6 Community-Based Organizations 3 7 Private Sector 4 TOTAL 54 The full list of participants is available in Annex 1 of this report. The workshop presentations are available on this link: BOLDER TZ Presentations The workshop pictures are available through this link: - https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjBUoQK 2 Welcome Remarks By Mr. Laurence Mapunda (The National Plant Genetic Resources) Mr. Laurence Mapunda of The National Plant Genetic Resources, under the Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticide Authority (TPHPA), kicked off the BOLDER meeting with a warm welcome. Speaking on behalf of the Curator and the Ministry of Agriculture, he acknowledged the significance of the gathering, focused on addressing challenges related to Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS). Mr. Mapunda outlined the National Gene Bank's mission to preserve traditional crops, including NUS, and stressed the need for expert engagement in thorough analysis. He was encouraged by the diverse representation of organizations and looked forward to fruitful discussions and meaningful outcomes. By Dr. Nora Castaneda (Crop Trust) - Facilitator Dr. Nora Castaneda, facilitator and representative of the Crop Trust, warmly welcomed participants to the gathering. Originally from Colombia, South America, Dr. Castaneda shared her affiliation with Crop Trust, an international organization headquartered in Germany. She previewed her upcoming presentation, promising to delve into her work with Crop Trust and the BOLDER project. Dr. Castaneda expressed delight at the diverse assembly of stakeholders https://cgiar-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/r/personal/g_otieno_cgiar_org/Documents/Documents/BOLDER%20TZ%20Presentations/BOLDER%20TZ%20Presentations?csf=1&web=1&e=406VVq https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjBUoQK united by their interest in Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS). She extended her appreciation to The National Gene Bank, The World Vegetable Center, and The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (ABC) for collaboratively organizing the event, setting the stage for productive discussions. By Ms. Colleta Nduguru (The World Vegetable Center) – Host and co-facilitator Ms. Colleta Nduguru, newly appointed representative and co-facilitator of the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), warmly welcomed participants to the gathering. As a Tanzanian national with a background in economics and agriculture, Ms. Nduguru expressed her enthusiasm for joining the WorldVeg team just two weeks prior and being part of this significant meeting. She highlighted the uniqueness of the gathering, emphasizing WorldVeg's interest in traditional vegetables, many of which are nearing extinction, and its alignment with Tanzania's national priorities. Ms. Nduguru encouraged participants to explore the Gene Bank facility and adjacent fields, inviting them to share their observations and feedback to enhance the facility's operations. With that, she extended a hearty welcome and wished participants a productive and successful deliberation. By Dr. Gloria Otieno (The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT) – Co-facilitator Dr. Gloria Otieno, co-facilitator from the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, delivered warm welcome remarks, extending gratitude to Tanzanian colleagues from the National Gene Bank and World Vegetable Center for their invaluable support in providing the facility and assisting with workshop organization. Emphasizing the collaborative nature of the gathering, Dr. Otieno assured participants that the workshop would be highly participatory, fostering collective input to identify suitable NUS crops for future implementation. She contextualized the current research phase, focusing on data collection, crop prioritization, and assessing the availability of genetic materials in Gene Banks. Dr. Otieno highlighted that the actual project implementation would commence in a year, and one of the workshop's key objectives was to identify potential partners for future engagement, laying the groundwork for successful collaboration. 3 BOLDER Initiative project – objectives and components By Dr. Nora Castaneda - Crop Trust Dr. Nora Castaneda from Crop Trust presented the BOLDER Initiative, highlighting the Crop Trust's mission to conserve crop diversity for global food and nutrition security. Crop diversity, comprising traditional farmer varieties, is disappearing rapidly due to climate change. To address this, Crop Trust aims to ensure global conservation and availability of crop diversity. Founded in 2004, Crop Trust partners with the International Plant Treaty, supports the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, and has a 20-year track record of connecting farmers and researchers with diverse seeds. Key achievements include: • Long-term grants and partnerships • $100 million diversity endowment fund • 4,500+ seed samples collected • $50 million for gene bank platforms • 4.3 million gene bank samples made publicly available Crop Trust collaborates with 150+ organizations in 48 countries, including Tanzania Gene Bank. The $20 million BOLDER project, funded by Norway, will run from 2024-2030 in Benin, Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania, led by Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, World Vegetable Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 3.1 Project goal and outputs. The BOLDER initiative aims to improve nutrition security in West and East Africa by promoting the use and value of nutritious, underused, climate-resilient, and environmentally friendly crops. Key project outputs include: • Secure conservation, characterization, and evaluation of Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS), making them accessible to breeders, researchers, and farmers. • Enhanced use and value of NUS within sustainable agri-food systems. • Improved support for NUS use among farmers and researchers through capacity building and supportive policies focused on use and conservation. Dr. Nora Castaneda outlined the BOLDER project's 2024 activities, which commenced with stakeholder meetings in each country to determine priority crops, desired traits, and potential crop improvement strategies. Subsequent activities include gene bank conservation, participatory germplasm evaluations with farmers, and in-depth analyses of value chains and agri-food systems. These interconnected initiatives will inform and support the project's mission to promote nutritious, climate-resilient, and environmentally friendly crops in West and East Africa The discussion, led by Dr. Nora Castaneda, revolved around the strategic selection of Neglected and Underutilized species (NUS) crops, with a focus on choosing four priority crops per country to maximize impact. These crops will be drawn from six categories: cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, root tubers and bananas, and nuts and seeds. Participants were invited to provide feedback via QR codes, suggesting additional NUS crops if necessary. Emphasizing the workshop's participatory nature, Dr. Castaneda assured that all issues would be documented for further action. Additionally, she clarified the Svalbard Global Seed Vault's role as a secure duplication mechanism, where organizations retain control over stored seeds, with National Gene Banks and universities already utilizing this service under the BOLD program, ensuring the preservation of crop diversity 4 Crowd sourced Citizen-science Approach for Participatory Evaluation and Selection By Mr. Stephen Angudubo – Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT This innovative method involves engaging numerous farmers in data collection through small-scale experiments and observations. By leveraging the power of many, this approach enables the testing of crop varieties under local production conditions, understanding end-user preferences, and enhancing variety diffusion among farmers. The approach utilizes the Triadic Comparison of Technologies (TRICOT) methodology, where farmers and end-users act as citizen scientists, observing and experimenting with three technologies each. This data is then analysed using ClimMob statistical models to identify top-performing technologies. The benefits of this approach extend to informing adoption, sales, genetic gain, breeding priorities, and product profiles. Key lessons learned from this approach highlight the importance of co-ownership for success, with ongoing efforts to enhance ownership and expand beyond ranking. Plans focus on Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) crops, including capacity building for professionals, developing crop-specific protocols, continuing software development, and establishing new partnerships across crops. During the Q&A session, concerns about data privacy on the ClimMob platform were addressed by Stephen Angudubo. He assured that project users maintain control over their data, with technical support accessible only upon explicit permission in case of issues. Stephen also revealed ongoing efforts to establish data sharing protocols, ensuring robust security measures. Additionally, he highlighted the platform's growing adoption by breeding programs and invited interested parties to explore the ClimMob website and YouTube channel for further information, demonstrating the platform's credibility and potential for facilitating collaborative crop research. 5 Existing NUS projects and Programmes in Tanzania 5.1 NUS conservation and Utilization in Tanzania By Dr. William Hamisy - TPHPA-NPGRC Dr. William Hamisy from TPHPA-NPGRC highlighted Tanzania's rich plant diversity, comprising approximately 10,000 species utilized for food, fodder, medicine, and crop improvement. Despite research and policies focusing primarily on major crops, traditional communities continue to cultivate Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS). The National https://climmob.net/blog/ https://www.youtube.com/@climmobchannel7117 Plant Genetic Resources Centre (NPGRC), established in 1991, aims to promote conservation. To date, NPGRC has collected and conserved around 10,000 accessions, with 67% being NUS or crop wild relatives. Of these, 2,237 accessions have been characterized and 2,824 distributed to researchers and breeders. Dr. William Hamisy, highlighted past projects hosted by NPGRC which have significantly contributed to NUS conservation, including initiatives on underutilized vegetables, BAMLINK, on-farm conservation of priority NUCs in Southern Tanzania, and seed diversity conservation under the CSBs in Karatu. The centre has also promoted on-farm conservation through farmer-led seed systems and organized seed fairs in collaboration with stakeholders. Dr. Hamisy emphasized that Tanzania's diverse plant species are vital for local communities, contributing to nutrition and climate change adaptation. These efforts underscore the importance of preserving and utilizing NUS to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural practices. The presentation sparked lively discussion, with participants raising concerns and questions. These included the omission of dioscorea yam species, a crucial Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS), and whether the 2004 baseline survey captured reasons for farmers' neglect of NUS crops. Additionally, attendees inquired about conservation standards for wild fruits, vital for wildlife, and the consideration of farmers' traditional knowledge regarding indigenous varieties. Dr. William Hamisy addressed these concerns, noting that some farmers acknowledged the availability of NUS varieties, albeit grown by few individuals. He emphasized the need for in-situ forest protection, citing environmental degradation and the adaptive capacity of plants. Acknowledging the survey's outdatedness, Dr. Hamisy recognized that NUS classification may have changed over 20 years. He assured that farmers' indigenous knowledge is integral to conservation efforts and efforts are underway to integrate this knowledge into practices. 5.2 The status of NUS breeding in Southeastern Tanzania By Dr. John Jasper Tenga – TARI Mtwara The Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), established in 2016, aims to strengthen agricultural research nationwide, with a mandate to conduct, regulate, promote, and coordinate research activities. TARI's nine research centers and eight sub-centers, strategically located across agro-ecological zones, focus on various crops. At TARI Naliendele, research priorities include cashew, sesame, groundnuts, Bambara groundnuts, and finger millet. Through collaborative research, TARI Naliendele has made significant strides in NUS breeding, releasing six Bambara groundnut and three finger millet varieties. Additionally, 59 germplasm lines are being maintained and evaluated for desirable traits. Partnerships with SwissAid have facilitated the collection of local Bambara groundnut (20) and finger millet (23) varieties, establishment of Mother and Baby trials, and participatory variety selection. Moving forward, TARI plans to expand its research activities to other NUS crops. Dr. Tenga expressed gratitude to SwissAid for financial support and acknowledged the vital role of Local Government Authorities and farmers in the research process. The discussion delved into the nutritional attributes of NUS and their preservation during breeding. Dr. John Jasper Tenga clarified that Bambara groundnuts, rich in proteins, fats, and amino acids, and finger millet, abundant in carbohydrates and iron, collectively provide a balanced diet. He assured participants that breeders prioritize maintaining these nutritional values during the breeding process. Furthermore, Dr. Tenga emphasized the importance of community involvement, explaining that seeds are returned to the original farmer communities or collectors, ensuring the preservation of genetic diversity and cultural heritage. 5.3 Mainstreaming African traditional vegetables into national agrifood systems in sub-Saharan Africa By Dr. Soningbe N’Danikou – World Vegetable Center With over 1,000 vegetable species globally, efforts are needed to promote conservation, utilization, and policy support. A key recommendation is investing in Gene Bank infrastructure, as currently, only one sub-Saharan African country has a functioning Gene Bank, conserving merely 62% of selected African vegetables. To address this, the World Vegetable Center has developed a rescue plan for African vegetable biodiversity. This plan involves rescuing and conserving vegetable diversity, developing integrated seed systems, conducting innovative research, networking, enhancing human resource capacity, and raising awareness. WorldVeg Tanzania serves as Africa's vegetable Gene Bank, housing over 6,000 accessions and distributing 3,687 seed samples to researchers, breeders, and farmers through seed kits and seed samples over the past decade. Utilizing the TRICOT approach, WorldVeg collaborates with farmers to identify preferred traits, guiding breeders in developing tailored materials. Successful school programs and ongoing research on five NUS crops across four countries further support this initiative. To enhance traditional vegetable production and consumption, Dr. N'Danikou recommended creating an enabling environment through policy formulation, leveraging African vegetable germplasm in R&D programs, and adopting a market-oriented approach. The discussion centered on the complexities of farmer seed registration and commercialization in Tanzania, particularly in relation to the Seed Act. Dr. Soningbe N'Danikou highlighted that the Act does not recognize local seed varieties, restricting farmers from commercializing their produce, despite being allowed to grow them. To commercialize, farmers must undergo a certification process. Notably, two farmers have attempted registration, with one successful case and another pending. The Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute (TOSCI) has established procedures for registering farmer seeds to prevent adulterated products in the market. Participants were encouraged to collaborate with TOSCI to facilitate farmer seed registration, bridging the gap between local seed production and formal commercialization. 5.4 Neglected and Underutilized Crops (NUC) and Community seedbanks By Ms. Gladness Brush Martin – SWISSAID Tanzania The Consumption of Resilient Orphaned crops and Products for Healthier Diets (CROPS4HD) project aims to enhance rural communities' livelihoods, food security, and nutrition through sustainable NUC utilization, conservation, agro- ecological practices, and climate change adaptation. SWISSAID collaborates with partners, including TARI, TAVIO, and WorldVeg, to integrate 14 identified NUS species into farming systems using PUSH (training farmers, research) and PULL (market linkages) approaches. These NUS species, rich in micronutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamin A, have significant potential to contribute to Tanzania's national food system. Notable achievements include raising awareness about Bambara beans, developing 12 innovative NUS-based food products, creating NUS profiles and cookbooks, and promoting research activities. Key lessons learned emphasize investing in research, policy, and innovation for resilient and sustainable food systems. SWISSAID has established 11 farmer-led Community Seed Banks (CSBs), each with a management committee, seed exchange mechanism, quality control, and cost-sharing arrangements. Despite challenges like limited resources, low seed volume, and market constraints, CSBs require financial, technical, and material support, including linkages to National Gene Banks. Gladness concluded by stressing the importance of conserving agrobiodiversity through informed food choices, strengthening farm-level resilience, and promoting NUS conservation. The discussion centred on Community Seed Banks (CSBs) and related policies, with a participant highlighting the practicality of seed demonstration plots over storage buildings. Gladness Brush Martin from SWISSAID Tanzania shared lessons learned, noting that offering free space can hinder CSB independence. Instead, their model provides free training on establishing CSBs, empowering farmers to initiate the process with minimal resources and shared responsibilities. Regarding farmer seed registration, Gladness announced an upcoming protocol developed in collaboration with TOSCI and TARI. Additionally, SWISSAID plans to conduct a seed diversity assessment to understand available seed diversity and quantity, informing a sustainability plan. The role of media in disseminating vital information to farmers was also acknowledged, underscoring the importance of multi-faceted support for CSBs. 6 Stakeholder Mapping The stakeholder mapping exercise involved three main steps: i. First the workshop participants were classified into different categories based on the NUS food and seed system functions covered in Table 2. below. Table 2. NUS food and seed system functions and stakeholder categories NUS FOOD AND SEED SYSTEM FUNCTIONS STAKEHOLDER CATEGORIES AND THEIR ROLES NUS BIODIVERSITY USE AND MANAGEMENT CONSERVATION RESEARCH AND BREEDING SEED SYSTEMS CROP PRODUCTION NUS FOOD SYSTEMS VALUE ADDITION & PROCESSING MARKETING CONSUMPTION CROSS CUTTING KNOWLEDGE VALIDATION, POLICY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION Farmers and local communities – are primary custodians of NUS and conserve them in-situ and on-farm Genebanks – conserve NUS ex-situ Researchers and breeders – evaluation, breeding and development of new technologies and innovation they also provide scientific knowledge Private sector including restaurants and chefs– invest in value chains and market development, seed sector Non-Governmental organizations – capacity development, value addition, policy advocacy, consumer awareness Knowledge management organizations, Government agencies – formulate policies, laws and regulations and provide funding Media – consumer awareness and knowledge dissemination The end-result was 5 main groups classified as below Stakeholder groups and facilitators 1. NUS biodiversity uses and management - farmers and local communities (Gloria Otieno - ABC and N’Danikou Sognigbé - WorldVeg) 2. NUS biodiversity uses and management – Gene Banks, researchers, breeders and seed sector (Olaniyi Oyatomi - IITA and Abdul Shango - WorldVeg) 3. NUS food systems - human health and nutrition + NGOs (Daudi Mubiru - ABC, Nora Castaneda – Crop Trust) 4. NUS food systems - private sector (value addition, marketing, consumption) (Juana Thimnu – Crop Trust, Anastasia Wahome - ABC) 5. Cross-cutting: policy formulation and implementations, capacity development, communication + NGOs (Stephen Angudubo - ABC and William Hamisy - TPHPA) ii. The stakeholders were then asked to work in their groups to identify other stakeholders that they work with and summarize them in a table based on the above-mentioned categories and functions. See the stakeholder mapping table template in Annex 3. iii. Using a flip chart, participants classified stakeholders according to the interest and capacity to influence using the following matrix: All the stakeholders listed in the ‘high interest’ and ‘high influence’ categories are then listed separately with their contact information as these are the stakeholders that are critical for the success of the project. 6.1 Stakeholder Mapping: The Human Health and Nutrition Group The Human Health and Nutrition stakeholder mapping identified a diverse array of organizations, each playing a vital role in promoting nutrition and health outcomes in Tanzania. Private sector entities, including Tanya Company, Three Sisters, TAHA, SIDO, Camartec, and Intermech, contribute significantly to food processing, production, and capacity building landscape. Specifically, they process nutrient-dense foods, produce and export horticultural produce, fabricate food processing machines, and build capacity for local entrepreneurs. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as Catholic Relief Services, Rikolto, Recoda, Counsenuth, CARE, Kolping Society of Tanzania, GAIN, and WFP prioritize farmer capacity building, community mobilization, seed system support, nutrition advocacy, and emergency food assistance. These NGOs work tirelessly to enhance farmers' skills, promote community-led initiatives, develop robust seed systems, advocate for nutrition policies, and provide critical food assistance during emergencies. National research organizations – TARI, TFNC, CGIAR CIAT, IITA, and CIP – drive research, breeding, and capacity building in biofortification and seed systems. Their groundbreaking work focuses on developing nutrient-rich crop varieties, improving seed quality, and strengthening farmer field schools. Additionally, they conduct critical research on nutrition and health, enforce regulatory standards, and promote nutritional materials. Universities, including SUA, NM-AIST, MUHAS, UDOM, and UDSM, provide critical training, research, and consultancy services. They offer specialized training programs in nutrition, public health, and value addition, fostering innovation and capacity building. Furthermore, these institutions conduct pivotal research, provide consultancy services, and engage in policy analysis and advocacy. Consumer groups, comprising Under 5 years groups and Women of Reproductive Age, address nutritional assessment, feeding practices, and women's empowerment. These groups focus on improving nutrition outcomes for vulnerable populations, promoting optimal feeding practices, and enhancing women's roles in food production and processing. Government agencies, notably the Ministry of Health (MOA) and Local Government, play a crucial role in formulating policies, enforcing regulations, and monitoring nutrition programs. They develop national strategies, guidelines, and standards, ensuring a coordinated approach to nutrition and health. Lastly, National Food Reserve Agents ensure food security during emergencies by storing and distributing food, planning emergency responses, and maintaining food reserves. For a comprehensive overview of stakeholders and their specific roles as mapped by the Human Health and Nutrition Group, please refer to the detailed table in the Annex 4 section. 6.2 Stakeholder Mapping : Gene banks, researchers, breeders and seed sector Actors Gene Banks, Breeders, and Researchers identified several organizations they collaborate with conserve, conduct research, and development of Plant Genetic Resources. This collective effort aims to preserve crop diversity, improve agricultural productivity, and ensure food security. Private sector entities, including the Tanzanian Seed Trade Association (TASTA) and the Tanzania Horticultural Association (TAHA), coordinate the seed trade and horticultural crop sectors, facilitating the distribution of high- quality seeds, promoting best practices, and advocating for industry development. Producer organizations like the Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA) focus on seed production, multiplication, and distribution, ensuring the availability of quality seeds for farmers. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as the IDP, World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), ECHO, PELUM, and SWISSAID prioritize community-led initiatives. These initiatives include establishing Community Seed Banks to preserve local crop diversity, promoting on-farm conservation to protect Genetic Resources, and conserving seeds through seed banking. Additionally, PELUM promotes the use of NUS to enhance crop diversity and resilience. National research organizations, comprising the Tanzanian Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (ABC), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), ST A K EH O LD ER IN T ER ES T STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE Rikolto, MUHAS, University of Dar es Salaam, NM-AIST, SUA, UDOM, Tanya company, Three sisters, TFNC, Kolping society of Tanzania, Counsemuth, Women of reproductive age Save the children, UNICEF, WorldVeg, Crop Trust, TAHA, Ministry of health, Ministry of agriculture – department of nutrition and food security, TARI, WFP, RECODA, IITA, CIP, CIAT, GAIN, PMO Intermech SIDO Local government Children under 5 years Camartec CARE Catholic Relief Services National food reserve agents Figure 1. Influence Vs. Interest Chart for the Human Health and Nutrition Group drive research and conservation efforts. They develop climate-resilient and disease-resistant crop varieties, conserve Genetic Resources, and build capacity for farmers. Universities, including Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), University of Dodoma (UDOM), University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), and Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), provide critical research, training, and capacity building. They advance crop science, genetics, and breeding research, develop skilled professionals, and enhance institutional capacity. Consumer groups, comprising Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL), Serena Breweries Limited (SBL), AZAM, and MeTL, engage in food processing and crop utilization. They create value-added products, promoting efficient use of Genetic Resources. Government agencies, notably the Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA), Tanzanian Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority (TPHPA), and Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute (TOSCI), regulate and oversee research, conservation, and management of Genetic Resources. They guide scientific inquiry, protect Genetic Resources, and ensure effective use. Furthermore, institutions like ECHO, Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA), Tanzania Wildlife Authority (TAWA), Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Tanzania Forest Research Institute (TAFORI), Tanzania Forest Service (TFS), and TPHPA conserve and conduct research on Plant Genetic Resources. They preserve seeds, plants, and tissues through ex situ conservation, protect Genetic Resources in natural habitats through in situ conservation, and advance understanding of Genetic Resources through research. For a detailed Stakeholder Mapping Matrix for the Gene bank, Breeders and Researchers Group, refer to a detailed Table in Annex 6. Below. ST A K EH O LD ER IN T ER ES T STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE TPHPA, TOSCI, TANAPA, TAWA, TAWIRI, TAFORI, TFSSUA, NM-AIST, UDSM, UDOM, MUHAS, MUST, COSTECH, MoA (PBRU), TAMISEMI, TARI, IDP, WORLDVEG, ECHO, PELUM, IITA, SWISSAID, ABC/CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IRRI Figure 2. Influence Vs. Interest Chart for Gene banks, breeders and Researchers Group 6.3 Stakeholder Mapping: Private sector actors The private sector plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainable agriculture and robust seed systems in Tanzania, with various stakeholders contributing to this endeavour. Organizations like Caritas Tanzania and other Dioceses are at the forefront of organic farming, indigenous seed promotion, and seed bank development, enhancing crop diversity and resilience. TASTA serves as a vital link between government and private seed services, facilitating collaboration and coordination. Eco and Organic Co. Ltd specializes in seed production, supply, import, and export, ensuring the availability of high-quality seeds. The Tanzania Horticultural Association (TAHA) advocates for the growth of horticultural products, promoting sector development and expansion. Producer organizations, including Seed Co, ZAM Seed, KIBO Seed, BAYER, ADVANTA, and WESTERN SEED, operate as seed producers and suppliers, providing essential inputs for farmers. These organizations contribute significantly to the country's seed sector, enhancing food security and agricultural productivity. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) like Mkulima Mbunifu create awareness on best agricultural practices, publish informative materials, and offer farmer advisories, empowering farmers with critical knowledge. Semi Cao, ECHO, and MVIWA Arusha provide additional farmer advisories, while SAT promotes organic farming and training, enhancing farmers' skills. EAIS supplies seed and organic farming inputs, and TOAM promotes organic farming certification, ensuring environmental sustainability. Research institutions, including the Tanzanian Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), drive agricultural research and seed production, developing climate-resilient crop varieties. Universities like Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) offer agricultural education, training, and seed production, cultivating the next generation of agricultural professionals. Consumer groups, comprising farmer groups, benefit directly from these initiatives, accessing improved seeds, training, and advisory services. Government agencies, such as the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), District Officers, Extension officers, and Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA), provide critical services, including farmer advisories, regulation, policy development, training, and seed production and supply. TARI also conducts agricultural research and produces seeds, further supporting the sector. For a comprehensive overview of stakeholders and their specific roles, please refer to the detailed table in the Annex 8 section. ST A K EH O LD ER IN T ER ES T STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE ECHO Yes ECO & Organic Co. Ltd Word Veg Mviwa Arusha Mkulima Mbunifu TAHA TARI Ministry of Agriculture District Agriculture Officers TOAM Figure 3. Influence Vs. Interest Chart for Private Sector Group 6.4 Stakeholder Mapping: Cross-cutting Group The Cross-cutting stakeholder group plays a vital role in promoting sustainable agriculture, robust seed systems, and agroecological practices in Tanzania. Private sector entities, including, MESULA organic shop, IAM Organic shop, SAT Holistic group, Biofertilizer enterprises, Chanzi, E-Market M-KILIMO, Muzele Restaurant, Finedrop Restaurant and seed companies dealing in Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) seeds, contribute significantly to the sector. They are involved in roles such as: trading organic produce, training farmers on organic farming, and operating restaurants serving Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) food products. Others trade organic inputs and produce, support out-growers in spice production, market spices for export, supply NUS seeds, provide agronomic advice, and produce biofertilizers. Additionally, some process waste into animal feeds and fertilizers, link farmers with buyers through digital platforms, and sell NUS food products, ultimately enhancing the organic and NUS value chain. Producer organizations, such as SHIWAKUTA (Tanzania National Farmers Federation), MVIWA Farmers Association, and Tanganyika Farmers Association (TFA), serve as crucial links between farmer associations, protecting farmers' rights, providing training, and advocating for government programs that benefit farmers. These organizations also facilitate market linkages, support small-scale entrepreneurs, and promote informal seed sales and exchange. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)/Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) – including TABIO, PELUM-Tanzania, ENVIRO-CARE, Sustainable Agriculture Tanzania, IDP, SWISSAID, MVIWATA, ANSA, ESSAF, ECHO, and Mukulima Mbunifa – prioritize advocacy, training, crop research, environmental conservation, seed policy, and nutrition. They promote sustainable agriculture practices, support Community Seed Banks, and enhance farmers' capacity to adapt to climate change. National Research Organizations, comprising TARI, TAFORI, NPGRC, TALIRI, and CGIARs like the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, WorldVeg, IITA, ICRAF, and CIMMYT, drive research and dissemination of cutting-edge technologies, innovations, and management practices. Their work focuses on crop improvement, conservation of Genetic Resources, and development of climate-resilient crop varieties. Universities, including Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), University of Dar es Salaam, and Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NMU), provide comprehensive agricultural education, training, research on NUS, seed production, outreach, and incubation hubs. These institutions cultivate the next generation of agricultural professionals and support innovation in the sector. Government agencies, such as TOSCI, Agriculture Seed Agency (ASA), TPHPA, and Local Government agencies, regulate seed business, ensure quality assurance, provide farmer advisory services, and conduct plant health and quality control. They enforce regulatory standards, support seed certification, and promote environmentally friendly farming practices. For a comprehensive overview of stakeholders and their specific roles, please refer to the detailed table in the Annex 10 section. 6.5 Stakeholder Mapping: Farmers and Local Communities’ Group The Farmers and Local Communities' group collaborates with stakeholders dedicated to advancing sustainable agriculture and enhancing livelihoods in Tanzania. Private sector entities, including TBL, I Am Organic, Hatari Lodge, TAHA Fresh, KIBO Seeds, SAT Holistic, EA Seed, VEG Seed, and East West Seed, play a crucial role in promoting sustainable agriculture practices. They engage in contract farming, purchase products directly from farmers, sell vegetable seeds, and produce seeds for local conservation and exchange, thereby supporting local economic development. Producer Organizations, such as Farmer Organizations, SHIWAKUTA, ESAFF, and MVIWAARUSHA, serve as vital links between farmers, markets, and policy makers. They focus on advocacy, capacity building, seed conservation, value addition, and market linkages, empowering farmers to improve their productivity and income. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) – including SWISSAID, IDP, TABIO, NORGES VEL, PELUM, ENVIROCARE, RIKOLTO, RECODA, WE EFFECT, SJS, SAT, WODSTA, TOAM, FLORESTA, FARM RADIO, MC DONALD, Action Aid, INADES, TAHA, TRIAS, Slow Food, and CARITAS – provide essential support to farmers and local communities. They offer capacity building, advocacy, knowledge management, financing, resource mobilization, consumer awareness, and support for value addition, enhancing farmers' resilience and competitiveness. National Research Organizations, comprising TARI, CGIARs like WorldVeg, FIBL, ABC, ILRI, Africa Rice, IITA, and African Biodiversity Network, drive cutting-edge research, innovations, and policy formulation. These institutions develop and disseminate climate-resilient crop varieties, improve agricultural productivity, and inform policy decisions. ST A K EH O LD ER IN T ER ES T STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE NGOS, Farmers’ Organisations, Restaurants, CSOs, SUA, USDM, KISAMO, LGAs Universities M-KILIMO (E-markets) TARI, TOSCI LGAs, ABC/ CGIAR TABIO, IDP SUA ASA SWISSAID NGOs – SHIWAKUTA LGAs Farmers MOA TAFORI TALIRI Private seed companies TOSCI LGA -Extension Services Farmer Media Political leaders Research Institutions Private seed companies Media houses TOSCI Figure 4. Influence Vs. Interest Chart for the Cross-cutting Group Universities contribute to breeding, dissemination of knowledge, and capacity building, cultivating the next generation of agricultural professionals and innovators. Government Agencies, including TOSCI, ASA, NPGRC, TPHPA, MOA, TBS, and LGAs, regulate, conserve, and ensure quality assurance of agricultural products and Genetic Resources. They enforce regulatory standards, support seed certification, and promote environmentally friendly farming practices. For a comprehensive overview of stakeholders and their specific roles, please refer to the detailed table in the Annex 12 section. ST A K EH O LD ER IN T ER ES T STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE Farmers and Farmer Organisations, NORGES VEL, ENVIROCARE, Hotels, Schools NPGRC, WorldVeg, SWISSAID, TABIO, I AM ORGANIC, ABC, Crop Trust, TARI- Tengeru, TARI-Naliendele, FiBL, CSBs, MVIWAARUSHA, Slow Food Seed companies TOSCI MoA Universities Other TARIs TBS Figure 5. Influence Vs Interest Chart for Farmers and Local Communities 7 NUS and Trait Prioritization Group Exercise The second day of the workshop entailed a NUS prioritization exercise to determine the four/five NUS crop species of focus within each country and their prioritized traits. The NUS prioritization exercise involved preparing a master list comprising 186 Neglected and Underutilised Crops to guide the crop prioritization exercise with the meeting participants. This list was obtained from the 150 crops identified during Phase 1 of the prioritization exercise of the Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS) (https://www.state.gov/the-vision-for-adapted-crops-and-soils/), 99 species of the African Orphan Crops Consortium (https://africanorphancrops.org/), 97 species of FAO’s compendium of forgotten foods in Africa (https://www.fao.org/family-farming/detail/en/c/1681304/), 50 species prioritized in van Zonneveld et al., 2023 and 21 crops NUS community. Table 3. Table summarising the crop category and number of crops Crop Category Number of crops Crop Category Number of crops Crop Category Number of crops Vegetables 49 Nuts, seeds and oilseeds 19 Legumes 14 Fruits 71 Cereals 14 Roots and tubers 11 Participants engaged in a process to redefine and clarify the concept of "Neglected and Underutilized Species" (NUS), including identifying crops that do not qualify as NUS. They were encouraged to list crops that, by consensus, should not be considered NUS. To guide the discussion, participants considered key questions such as: • Is this crop widely consumed in the country, but still lacking in research? • Is there a dedicated breeding or agronomy program in the country focusing on this crop? These guiding questions helped participants distinguish NUS from other crops and form a clearer, shared understanding of which species align with NUS criteria. Participants were then tasked with prioritizing selected NUS crops within major crop categories: fruits, vegetables, cereals, roots and tubers, legumes and nuts, and seeds and oilseeds. The crops were selected based on the following criteria: 1. Climate Adaptability: Potential to adapt to climate change, including resilience to high temperatures, long dry spells, low precipitation, and arid conditions. 2. Nutritional Value: Contribution to improving nutrition and health. 3. Cultural Acceptance: The extent to which the crop is part of local diets and traditional food practices. 4. Local Market Potential: Opportunities for market expansion and demand growth within the country. These criteria ensured a comprehensive approach to selecting crops that could sustainably enhance local food systems and contribute to resilience. 7.1 Prioritised NUS and the rationale for their selection The Tanzania team strategically identified four Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) crops as top priorities, recognizing their exceptional resilience, nutritional value, cultural significance, and market potential. These crops hold immense promise for enhancing food security, nutrition, and climate resilience in Tanzania. Moringa takes the lead, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to dry and hot environments, boasting an impressive nutritional profile rich in protein, vitamins A and C, and high iron levels. Its medicinal properties and significant local market demand for derived products, such as powder and oil, further solidify its position. Sweet potato ranks second, showcasing resilience during dry periods and thriving in rainy seasons. Its notable nutritional value, including fiber, vitamin A, and essential minerals, complements its social significance in Mwanza, where dried sweet potato serves as a vital food source during shortages. Finger millet and Bambara groundnut share third and fourth priority, respectively, due to their adaptability to hot environments, impressive nutritional profiles, and robust local market demand. While finger millet's nutritional value is tempered by anti-nutritional factors, processing mitigates these effects, and its social significance in local brew production underscores its importance. Bambara groundnut's adaptability to dry conditions, high protein content, and significance in flour and groundnut production make it an attractive crop. Both finger millet and Bambara groundnut exhibit high local market potential, with demand influenced by seasonal fluctuations and festivals for finger millet. The market demand for these crops is driven by their versatility in various products, including flour, brew, and snacks. By prioritizing these NUS crops, the Tanzania team aims to leverage their unique strengths to: • Enhance food security through climate-resilient crops • Improve nutrition with nutrient-rich food sources • Boost local economies through robust market demand • Preserve cultural heritage through traditional crop promotion • Support sustainable agriculture practices These prioritized NUS crops offer a transformative opportunity to improve livelihoods, foster resilience, and ensure a food-secure future for Tanzania. A comprehensive table outlining the prioritized NUS and the justification for their selection is provided in the table in Annex 13 7.2 Trait Prioritization for the Four NUS Stakeholder groups in Tanzania, including Human Health and Nutrition, Farmers and Local Communities, Cross-cutting, Gene banks, Breeders and Researchers, and Private Sector, prioritized traits for four Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) crops: Moringa, Sweet Potatoes, Finger Millet, and Bambara Groundnuts. The goal is to enhance these crops' potential for improved nutrition, food security, climate resilience, and market value. Key priorities across crops and stakeholder groups included: • Resistance to pests and diseases • Drought tolerance and adaptability • Nutritional value • Early maturity • Yield parameters Specific priorities varied by crop: • Moringa: oil content, larger leaves, canopy size, and diversified uses • Sweet Potatoes: high vitamin A quality, biofortified purple varieties, root tuber flesh color, diversified recipes and acceptability • Finger Millet: low anti-nutrient content, panicle size, seed color, marketability and disease resistance • Bambara Groundnuts: high yield, remove anti-nutritional factors, fast cooking, marketability and resistance to wilting Stakeholder-Specific Priorities: • Human Health and Nutrition Group: focused on nutritional value and nutrient content • Farmers and Local Communities Group: prioritized food and nutrition security, adaptability and early maturity • Gene banks, Breeders and Researchers Group: emphasized early maturity, nutrient content and yield traits • Cross cutting Group: focused on adaptability and yield, pests and disease resistance and early maturity These priorities reflect the diverse needs and goals of different stakeholders, from improving human health and nutrition to enhancing crop resilience and improved productivity. By understanding these priorities, researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders can develop targeted strategies to improve these NUS crops, enhancing food security, nutrition, and livelihoods for communities in Tanzania. For detailed information on Trait Prioritization, please refer to the table in the Annex 14 8 Closing remarks By Dr. Soningbe N'Danikou - WorldVeg Dr. Soningbe N'Danikou of WorldVeg delivered the closing remarks, expressing heartfelt gratitude to the team for their enthusiastic participation. He confidently declared that the workshop had successfully achieved its objectives, yielding valuable outputs that would significantly contribute to the BOLDER project. Dr. N'Danikou urged the Gene Banks involved in the project to initiate preparations for its commencement. In conclusion, he extended warm wishes to all participants for a safe and pleasant journey back to their respective homes, bringing the productive workshop to a successful close. By Mr. Mujuni S. Kabululu - TPHPA In his closing address, Mr. Mujuni S. Kabululu, representing TPHPA and the Government of Tanzania, extended sincere appreciation to the team for their diligent efforts in prioritizing strategic crops, including sweet potatoes, finger millet, Moringa, and Bambara groundnuts. He lauded the BOLDER project as a flagship initiative and expressed optimism regarding future stakeholder engagement. Prior to declaring the workshop's closure, Mr. Kabululu respectfully requested the facilitation team to circulate all presentations among participants, facilitating broader knowledge sharing and project continuity. 9 Annexes 9.1 Annex 1: Workshop Participants No Name Organisation Email 1 George Muhamba Tryphone Sokoine University of Agriculture 2 Gladness Brush Martin SWISSAID Tanzania 3 Zahra Said Majili Sokoine University of Agriculture 4 Elibaraka Joseph TPHPA 5 Joel Meliyo TARI 6 Aloyce Kundy TPHPA - NPGRC 7 Abdul Shango WorldVeg 8 Davie Manongi TABIO 9 Shazil K. Metta Liwale District Council 10 Benadetha K. Birahi Liwale District Council 11 Joyce E. Mosile MOA 12 Gloria Otieno ABC 13 Richard Masindika MVIWAARUSHA 14 Rose Machange UMAWGU 15 Sesilia Jeremia Norges Vel 16 Adolf G. Saria TOSCI 17 Soningbe n'danikou WorldVeg 18 Donati Alex senzia PELUM 19 Euphrasia Shayo Envirocare 20 Anastasia Wahome ABC 21 Filemon Elisante Agro-ecology consultant 22 Richard Mbunda UDSM 23 Pricilla Marimo ABC 24 Daudi Mubiru M. ABC 25 Stephen Angudubo ABC 26 Zakeo Bundala TPHPA 27 Regina Kapinga IITA 28 Ind Mapenda TPHPA-NPGRC 29 Salim A Ngoma MOA 30 Menley Kihwele TARI 31 Joseph Hella SUA 32 Gloria Kapakala TPHPA - NPGRC 33 Eutropia V. Tairo 34 John Tenga TARI 35 William Hamisy TPHPA-NPGRC 36 Charles Bonaventure ECHO-EA 37 Moureen Awori ABC 38 Julia de Buyn WorldVeg 39 Juana Thimnu Crop Trust 40 Emmanuel Laswai TARI Tengeru 41 Joseph Adonia TARI Tengeru 42 Clara Mollay NM - AIST 43 Emmanuel David Katamba TARI - Tengeru 44 Oyatomi, Olaniyi IITA 45 Titus Theophil Syova seed 46 Eliud Letungaa MVIWAARUSHA 47 Fr. Deo Mgumia CARITAS - Dioces of Same 48 Emmanuel Kasembe IDP - Tanzania 49 Andekelile Mwamahonje TARI-Makutupora 50 Aminiel Bethel Norges Vel 51 Mujuni S. Kabululu TPHPA 52 Lazaro Tango ABC 53 Emmanuel Kahumba SUA 54 Nora Castaneda-Alvarez Crop Trust 55 Laurence Mapunda The National Plant Genetic Resources Center 9.2 Annex 2: Agenda DAY 1 Time Activity Responsibility 8:00-9:00 Arrivals, Registration, Introductions 9:00 to 9:30 AM Welcome Remarks Colleta Nduguru – World Vegetable Center Samson Poneja – Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9:30-9:45 AM Workshop Objectives and Agenda Gloria Otieno – Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (ABC) 9:45-10:30 AM BOLDER Initiative project – objectives and components Crowd sourced Citizen-science Approach for Participatory Evaluation and Selection Nora Castaneda Crop Trust Stephen Angudubo – Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT 10:30 -10:45AM Q&A on Bolder project ALL 10:45-11:15AM TEA BREAK 11:30-12.45 PM Existing Nus projects and Programmes in the country 1. NUS conservation and Utilization in Tanzania 2. NUS development and breeding: Finger millet and Bambara Nuts 3. Mainstreaming Neglected vegetables into national agrifood systems in sub-Saharan Africa 4. NUS and Community seedbanks: Experiences from SWISSAID Willy Hamisi - NPGRC Tanzania John Jasper Tenga – TARI Mtwara Tanzania Soningbe N’Danikou – World Vegetable Center – Arusha Tanzania Gladness Brush Martin – SWISSAID Tanzania 12:45 – 13:00 Q&A and Discussions: Administer the online Survey – QR Code; Tanzania survey: https://forms.gle/1vURGxsrvwK6Qcjt7 ALL 13:00-14:00PM LUNCH 14:00- 14:15PM Ice breaker – dividing participants into groups Stakeholder mapping - objectives and methodology and instructions for participants Nora Castaneda/Gloria Otieno https://forms.gle/1vURGxsrvwK6Qcjt7 14:15 – 15.00PM Group exercises to map stakeholders and their functions All + Organizers 15.00 – 15.30PM Plenary -session reporting back ALL 15:30-16:00 PM Summary day 1 Results of the survey ( new crops to be added and the crops perceived as the most important) Gloria Otieno – Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT Juana Thimnu 16:00PM TEA BREAK AND DEPARTURE DAY 2 8:00-9:00 Arrivals and registration 9:00 to 9:30AM NUS prioritization – guidelines and methodology (and instructions for participants) Nora Castaneda /Juana Thimnu– Crop Trust 9:30-10. 45 AM NUS prioritization exercise – Group work ALL 10:45-11:15AM TEA BREAK 11:15-11:12:15PM Plenary and discussions on NUS prioritization 13:00-14:00PM LUNCH 14.00-15.00 PM Continue trait prioritization Stakeholder Maps (draft) (10 mins) Final List of Prioritized NUS ( 10 mins) Gloria Otieno – ABC Nora Castaneda – Crop Trust 15.00 – 16.00PM Next Steps Nora Castaneda 4:00PM TEA BREAK AND DEPARTURE 9.3 Annex 3: Stake holder Mapping template Stakeholder Local (Name) National Regional organizations and global Main roles/functions Private sector Producer organizations NGOs SWISSAID, Slow Food National Research organizations CGIARs ICRISAT ABC, World Veg, IITA, ICARDA, CIMMYT Universities Consumer groups Government AGENCIES Conservation and management of genetic resources Policy 9.4 Annex 4: Stakeholder for the Human Health and Nutrition Group Stakeholder Local National Regional International Main roles/functions Private sector Tanya company Food processors. Rice, cooking oil, nutrient dense flour, noodles Three sisters Process oil TAHA Produce, pack and export horticultural produce SIDO Capacity building of local entrepreneurs, fabrication of food processing machines Camartec Capacity building of local entrepreneurs, fabrication of food processing machines Intermech Capacity building of local entrepreneurs, fabrication of food processing machines NGOs Catholic Relief Services Farmers capacity building, community mobilization, seed system support, resource mobilization Rikolto Farmers capacity building, community mobilization, seed system support, resource mobilization, standards, production, food environment Recoda Seed systems, capacity building, community mobilization, support associations, cooking demonstrations Counsenuth Seed systems, nutritional counselling, community mobilization, value addition CARE Support communications, capacity building, resource mobilization, support farmers associations Kolping society of Tanzania Support communications, capacity building, resource mobilization, support farmers associations, gender equality GAIN Support nutrition, advocacy policy, biofortification, resource mobilization, research, gender equality WFP School feeding program, procurement, community mobilization, food assistance (humanitarian work during crisis) National research organizations TARI Breeding, seed system, farmer field schools, support health and nutrition, seed production, capacity building (biofortification) TFNC Research on nutrition and health, capacity building, enforce regulatory standards on nutrition, dietary guidelines, advocacy and promotion of nutritional materials Stakeholder Local National Regional International Main roles/functions CGIAR CIAT Biofortification (beans), research and development, capacity buidling, funding IITA Biofortification (cassava, banana), support seed systems, research and development, funding, capacity building (laboratories) CIP Biofortification (sweet potato), support seed systems, capacity building, funding Universities SUA Training and research nutrition, value addition, consultancy, innovation NM-AIST Training and research nutrition, value addition, innovation MUHAS Training on public health, capacity building, outreach, consultants UDOM Training on public health, capacity building, outreach, consultants UDSM Political economy, food security, food sovereignity, gender Consumer groups Under 5 years groups Nutritional assessment, feeding interventions, nutrition assessment Women of reproductive age Feeding practices, antenatal and postnatal care, food production and processing, WASH, women empowerment Government agencies Ministry of health (MOA) Policy formulation, enforcing laws and regulations, monitoring and evaluation of nutritional and health programs, planning and budgeting of nutritional activities, national strategy of nutrition, preparation of guidelines, national nutrition survey, national nutritional and health services MAO - department of food and nutrition security Food and nutrition assessment, enforce laws and regulations, formulation and implementation of policies Local government Enforcing laws and regulations, farmers mobilization, budgeting of nutritional programs, monitoring and evaluation, care practices National food reserve agents Support food, emergencies 9.5 Annex 5: Stakeholder Contacts for the Human Health and Nutrition Group Full name Email Organization Job title Notes Save the children Tuzie Edwin tedwin@unicef.org UNICEF Patrick Codjia pcodija@unicef.org UNICEF Jackline Mkindi TAHA Nema Joshua Ministry of health Unit director (?) Kategano MOA - department of food and nutritional security Acting director Josephine Mganga jnganga@recoda.or.tz Recoda Deborah Esau deborah.esau@wfp.org WFP Dr. Bwana Thomas TARI Director General Joan Msuya jmsuya@gainhealth.org GAIN Senior research associate Abigael Mourwa PMO Kwame Hongero CIP Seed systems specialist +255 689 457 461 Julia de Bruyn julia.debruyn@worldveg.org WorldVeg Scientist healthy diets Regina Kapinga r.kapinga@cgiar.org IITA Seed systems (other specialties) Gloria Otieno g.otieno@cgiar.org Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT Scientist GR, Seed Systems and Food Security Policy mailto:tedwin@unicef.org mailto:pcodija@unicef.org mailto:jnganga@recoda.or.tz mailto:deborah.esau@wfp.org mailto:jmsuya@gainhealth.org mailto:julia.debruyn@worldveg.org mailto:r.kapinga@cgiar.org mailto:g.otieno@cgiar.org 9.6 Annex 6: Stakeholder Mapping for the Gene banks, researchers, breeders and seed sector Group Stakeholder Local National Regional International Main roles/functions Private sector TASTA Seed Trade Association coordinating private seed companies TAHA Coordination of the horticultural crops sector Producer organizations TARI Seed multiplication ASA Seed production NGOs IDP IDP Community seed banks, on-farm conservation WorldVeg Seed banking (Conservation/research) ECHO Seed banking PELUM Use/utilization of NUS, promote ecological land use anagement SWISSAID National research organizations TARI Research/Conservation ABC Research/Conservation CIMMYT Research/Conservation ICRISAT Research/Conservation IITA Research/Conservation Universities MUHAS Research/Training SUA Research/Training NM-AIST Research/Training UDOM Research/Training UDSM Research/Training MUST Research/Training Consumer groups TBL Producer/Processor SBL Producer/Processor AZAM Producer/Processor MeTL Producer/Processor Stakeholder Local National Regional International Main roles/functions Government agencies ASA Regulatory Agency/Research TARI Regulatory Agency/Research TPHPA Regulatory Agency/Research TOSCI Regulatory Agency/Research Conservation and management of genetic resources ECHO PGR Conservation/Research TANAPA PGR Conservation/Research TAWA PGR Conservation/Research TAWIRI PGR Conservation/Research TAFORI PGR Conservation/Research TFS PGR Conservation/Research TPHPA PGR Conservation/Research 9.7 Annex 7: Stakeholder contacts for Genebanks, Breeders and Researchers Group Full name Email Organization Job title Notes Dr. Thomas Bwana dg@tari.go.tz Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Director General (DG) +255 713 200 652 Prof. Joseph Ndunguru dg@tphpa.go.tz Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority (TPHPA) DG +255 788 251 429 Donati Alex Senzia senzia@pelumtanzania.or.tz PELUM Tanzania Country Coordinator +255 754 686 677 Twalib Njohole Twalib.njohole@kilimo.go.tz Plant Breeders’ Rights Unit (PBRU), MOA Registrar +255 782 146 447 Prof. Lugano Kusiluka vc@udom.ac.tz University of Dodoma (UDOM) Vice Chancellor (VC) +255 026 231 0003 Prof. Maulilio Kipanyula vc@nm-aist.ac.tz / maulilio.kipanyula@nm-aist.ac.tz Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) VC Prof. Dosantos Silayo mpingo@tfs.go.tz TFS Conservation Commission +255 784 402 162 Charles Bonaventure cbonaventure@echonet.org ECHO Technical Advisor Erwin Kinsey ekinsey@echonet.org ECHO Director Jackline Mkindi jackie.mkindi@taha.or.tz Tanzania Horticulture Association (TAHA) Chief Executive Officer +255 27 254 4568 mailto:dg@tari.go.tz mailto:Twalib.njohole@kilimo.go.tz mailto:vc@udom.ac.tz mailto:vc@nm-aist.ac.tz mailto:cbonaventure@echonet.org mailto:jackie.mkindi@taha.or.tz Dr. Sognigbé N'Danikou sognigbe.ndanikou@worldveg.org WorldVeg Scientist, Traditional Vegetables Conservation and Utilization +255 756 903 825 Regina Kapinga r.kapinga@cgiar.org IITA Seed systems (other specialities) Gloria Otieno g.otieno@cgiar.org CIAT Ayesiga Buberwa ayesiga.buberwa@tz.ilesdepaix.org iles de paix (IDP) Director Tanzania Prof. Aloys Mvuma vc@mustnet.ac.tz Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) VC +255 754 255 085 9.8 Annex 8: Stakeholder Mapping for the Private Sector Actors’ Group Stakeholder Local National Regional and global Main roles/functions Private sector Caritas Tanzania and other Dioceses Organic farming, Promotion of indigenous seeds, Seed bank development TASTA Link to government and private seed services Yes Eco and Organic Co. Ltd Seed producer, Seed supplier, Import and export TAHA Advocate for growth of horticulture products Producer organizations Seed Co Seed suppliers ZAM Seed Seed producer, Seed supplier KIBO Seed Seed producer, Seed supplier BAYER Seed producer, Seed supplier, Import and export of seeds ADVANTA Seed producer, Seed supplier, Import and export of seeds WESTERN SEED Seed producer, Seed supplier NGOs Mkulima Mbunifu Mkulima Mbunifu Awareness creation, Publication of agriculture related information Semi Cao ECHO MVIWA Arusha Farmer advisories SAT Organic farming, training EAIS Seed and organic farming inputs TOAM Promoting organic farming, Organic farming Certification Research organizations TARI Agricultural research Seed production mailto:r.kapinga@cgiar.org mailto:g.otieno@cgiar.org mailto:ayesiga.buberwa@tz.ilesdepaix.org mailto:vc@mustnet.ac.tz 9.9 Annex 9: Stakeholder Contacts for the Private Sector Group Full name Email Organization Job title Notes Avith Thophile avitius@yahoo.com yesgroup.tanzania@gmail.com Yes ECO & Organic Co. Ltd Director 0768 852 190 Elica Mkulima Mbunifu 0716 128 020 Mviwa Arusha Loveness TAHA O767 415 227 TARI IITA World Veg Seed production Universities SUA Agricultural education & training, Seed production Consumer groups Farmer groups Government Agencies MoA Farmer advisory, Regulation, Policy, Training District Officers & Extension officers Farmer advisory services ASA Seed production and supply TARI Agricultural Research, Seed producer Policy MOA Regulation and policy, Training, Farmer advisories DAO’s office mailto:avitius@yahoo.com mailto:yesgroup.tanzania@gmail.com 9.10 Annex 10: Stakeholder Mapping for the Cross-cutting Group Stakeholder Local National Regional and global Main roles/functions Private Sector NB: Adolf Saria, IDP to provide names of seed companies MESULA organic shop Trading in organic produce, Training farmer on organic farming IAM Organic shop Operates restaurant for NUS food products, Trading in organic inputs and produce SAT Holistic group Trading organic inputs and produce, Supports out growers in spice production Marketing of spices, including export Seed Companies dealing in NUS seeds Supply NUS seeds Provide agronomic advice on NUS Biofertilizer Enterprises Production and marketing of biofertilizer Chanzi Processing waste into animal feeds and fertilizers E-Market M-KILIMO Link farmers and buyers Muzele Restaurant Sell NUS food products Finedrop Restaurant Sell NUS food products Producer Organizations SHIWAKUTA (Tanzania National Farmers Federation Link up all producer/ farmer association, Protect farmers’ rights, Policy and advocacy MVIWA Farmers Association Training of farmers, Advocacy, Support SMES, Informal seed sales and exchange Tanganyika Farmers Association (TFA) Training of farmers, Advocacy for government programs, Selling farm inputs, Market linkage NGOs/ CSOs TABIO Advocacy, Training, Crop research (NUS), Promote environmental-friendly farming practices PELUM - Tanzania Advocacy for land rights, Training, Seed policy and nutrition, Environmental awareness and conservation ENVIRO-CARE Biocultural interventions for environmental conservation, Training, Support community seed banks, Seed policy and nutrition Sustainable Agriculture Tanzania Training, Conserving traditional seeds, Capacity building on agro -ecological practices Stakeholder Local National Regional and global Main roles/functions IDP Support local organizations in agroecological practices, Support farmer- managed seed initiatives, Support agri-food value chains, Support promotion, exhibitions and platforms for sharing information on agroecology SWISSAID Support local organizations in agroecological practices, Support farmer- managed seed initiatives, Support agri-food value chains, Support promotion, exhibitions and platforms for sharing information on agroecology MVIWATA Training on community seed banaks ANSA Advocacy and policy dialogue ESSAF Advocacy and policy dialogue ECHO Training, Advocacy, Conservation – Community seed banks FARM RADIO Support communication on seeds, Awareness creation, Training using radio Mukulima Mbunifa Awareness creation through mass media, Training using magazines National Research Organizations TARI Conduct research and dissemination on technologies, innovations and management practices, Seed production (basic and certified) TAFORI Conduct research on forest and edible trees NPGRC Conservation of genetic resources, Training/ capacity building TALIRI Research on animal feeds, Production of feeds CGIARs ABC Research based solutions on agriculture, environment and nutrition WorldVeg Seed production IITA Research on Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS) ICRAF Research trees, forests and agroforestry landscapes CIMMYT Research on Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS) Universities SUA Agricultural education & training, Research on NUS, Seed production Outreach, Incubation hubs University of Dar es salaam Policy advocacy, Outreach, Research on policy framework, Capacity building – education and training NMU Crop research on NUS, Seed production, Capacity building, Outreach 9.11 Annex 11: Stakeholder Contacts for the Cross-cutting Group Full name Email Organization Job title Notes Emmanuel Kasembe Emmanuel.kasembe IDP-Tanzania Technical Advisor Adolf Saria adolfsaria@gmail.com adolf.saria@tosci.go.tz TOSCI Head - NPT David N. Manongi Davidmanongi000@gmail.com TABIO Seed Expert Research and Advocacy Richard Mbunda mbunda@gmail.com UDSM Researcher Benadetha K. Birah benadethacute@gmail.com LGA Extension Officer Shazil K. Metta mettashazil@gmail.com LGA Extension Officer Joseph P. Hella jhella@sua.ac.tz SUA - Morogoro Professor - Economics Pricilla Marimo pmarimo@vt.edu Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT Consultant 9.12 Annex 12: Stakeholder Mapping for the Farmers and Local Communities Group Stakeholder Local National Regional Main roles/functions Private sector TBL Buy products from farmers I am Organic Contract farming Hatari Lodge Tourist Hotel TAHA Fresh Buy and export KIBO seeds Sell vegetable seeds Stakeholder Local National Regional and global Main roles/functions Government Agencies TOSCI Regulation of seed business, Quality assurance, Seed/ variety registration and certification, Training and awareness creation Agriculture Seed Agency (ASA) Farmer advisory services, Seed production and marketing, Support seed out growers (contract farming TPHPA Plant health and quality control, Pest management and control Local government agency -Extension Training and advisory services mailto:adolfsaria@gmail.com mailto:adolf.saria@tosci.go.tz mailto:Davidmanongi000@gmail.com mailto:mbunda@gmail.com mailto:benadethacute@gmail.com mailto:jhella@sua.ac.tz mailto:pmarimo@vt.edu Stakeholder Local National Regional Main roles/functions SAT Holistic Comp Capacity building and value addition EA seed VEG Seed East West Seed MVIWAARUSHA Produce seeds, conserve and exchange local seeds Producer Organizations Farmer Organizations Advocacy and capacity building SHIWAKUTA Conserve seed, Value addition ESAFF Advocacy, capacity building, market linkages, value addition (member organisations) NGOs SWISSAID Capacity building, IDP Advocacy TABIO Knowledge management NORGES VEL Support for value addition PELUM Market linkages (input and output) ENVIROCARE RIKOLTO Financing/ Resource mobilisation RECODA Linkage to credit WE EFFECT Consumer awareness SJS R4D SAT WODSTA Consumer awareness TOAM FLORESTA FARM RADIO MC DONALD Organic Action Aid INADES TAHA TRIAS Slow Food Stakeholder Local National Regional Main roles/functions CARITAS National Research Organizations TARIs Research and Innovations, Advocacy Universities Breeding, dissemination of knowledge CGIARs WorldVeg FIBL ABC ILRI Africa Rice IITA African Biodiversity Network Research and policy Government Agencies TOSCI Regulations ASA Conservation NPGRC Policy formulation TPHPA MOA Quality assurance TBS Capacity building Conservation of PGR NPGRC Conservation in and ex situ WorldVeg PVS CSBs Pre-breeding TARIs Breeding Policy MOA Policy and Regulations Ministry of Environment EALA Parliament LGAs 9.13 Annex 13: A matrix of prioritised NUS and the rationale for their selection Prioritized Crops Climate change adaptability Nutritional value Cultural acceptance Local market potential Evaluation/All parameters? Moringa – 1st priority Adaptable to dry and hot environments. Protein, vitamin A and C. High iron content (IQ children). Seed can cause diarrhea. Has phytates and tannins. Used as fodder. Medicinal. Grown in the country. Local market demand for products derived from moringa (fresh leaves not sold in the market) Sweet potato – 2nd Priority Planted during the rainy season, may survive during the dry season. Yes (fiber, vitamin A -orange fleshed sweet potato-, minerals) Grown in the country (everywhere). Social significance: Mwanza uses dried sweet potato during shortage of food periods. Local market demand, not associate to a specific festival or season. Yes Finger millet – 3rd Priority Doesn't grow in the off- season, grows in hot environments Known for nutritional value, has anti-nutritional factors (some varieties have tannins - binds iron. Tannins removed through processing) Grown in the country. Has social significance (local brew). No taboos associated Strong market demand. Demand based on season and festivals. High value market. Many buyers Same level of preference with Bambara groundnuts Bambara groundnut – 4th Priority Not grown in the off-season. Adaptable to dry and hot environments. Grows under limited water availability. Known for its nutritional value (protein). Some anti-nutritional factors (tannins, removed through processing) Grown in the country. Social significance: flour, groundnuts (various uses). High local market potential. Yes – Same level of preference with finger millet Other Crops Prioritized Crops Climate change adaptability Nutritional value Cultural acceptance Local market potential Evaluation/All parameters? Jute mallow Can be found growing in the wild. Dry season crop Protein, calcium, vitamin A, iron Grown in the country. Medicine against constipation. High market demand in some parts of the country. High seed demand (e.g. 600kg one user contacting WorldVeg's genebank) Yes Amaranth grain Grown in the off-season. Protein, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, calories, fiber. Grown in the country (everywhere). Strong local market demand. Yes Amaranth leave Grown in the off-season. Protein, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, calories, fiber. Few species can have anti-nutritional factors (considerable oxalytes content) Grown in the country (everywhere). Strong local market demand. Yes African rice Doesn't grow in the off- season, Carbohydrates. Low nutritional value Not common in the country Unknown Sesame Not grown in the off-season. Known for nutritional value (iron, zinc, fat, dietary fiber, low cholesterol) No taboo associated to the crop. Grown in the country. No special social significance associated. Male dominated crop. High local market potential. Strategic crop for men. Cape gooseberry Grows in high-altitude areas (water available during the off-season) Rich in vitamin C, minerals Eaten as kids, mostly known in the mountains Profitable (known by people from the mountain). Weak local market demand Tamarind Adaptable to climate change (grows in dry areas) Iron, vitamins Grown in the country (everywhere). Strong local demand. Yes (but Moringa is preferred) Green grams/Mung bean Not grown in the off-season. Iron, proteins Grown in the country. No special social significance. No taboo associated to the crop. High local market potential. Demand not based on season or festival Prioritized Crops Climate change adaptability Nutritional value Cultural acceptance Local market potential Evaluation/All parameters? Macadamia Grown off-season (tree). Grows in hot and dry environments Vitamin C, protein, minerals Grown in the country. No special social significance. No taboo associated to the crop. Not a local crop No local market demand (needs promotion) Taro Needs a lot of water Dietary fiber, iron, vitamins, carbohydrates Grown in the country. No special significance associated. Strong local demand. 9.14 Annex 14: A matrix of prioritized traits of the four priority crops for each stakeholder category Order of priority/ Rank Moringa - Preferred Traits Human Health and Nutrition Group Farmers and Local Communities Cross-cutting Group Gene banks, Breeders and Researchers Group Private Sector Group 1st Resistance to pests and diseases Early maturity Oil content Nutrient content 2nd Drought tolerance Varieties with larger leaves Adaptability to environment Early maturity 3rd Nutritional value Nutrition Quality Canopy Size 4th Widespread availability in the country (Plasticity) Drought Resistance Seed yield Drumstick size 5th High yield Resistance to pests and diseases Resistance to diseases Leaf size 6th Diversified uses (multipurpose) Resistance to pests Sweet Potatoes - Preferred Traits Rank Human Health and Nutrition Group Farmers and Local Communities Cross-cutting Group Gene banks, Breeders and Researchers Group Private Sector Group 1st Resistance to diseases High Vit A Quality Nutrient content 2nd Diversified recipies Nutrition - Yield Insect Disease Resistance 3rd Yield Ease of processing Resistance to pests Root tuber flesh colour 4th Nutritional value Drought tolerant Early maturity Early maturity 5th Biofortify purple varieties Drought tolerance Root tuber size 6th Acceptability Resistance to diseases Finger Millet - Preferred Traits Rank Human Health and Nutrition Group Farmers and Local Communities Cross-cutting Group Gene banks, Breeders and Researchers Group Private Sector Group 1st Drought tolerance Varieties with low anti nutrient content Marketability (MKT) Early maturity 2nd Nutritional value Early maturity Quality (QLT) Insect resistance 3rd Resistance to diseases Nutrition Yield (YD) Panicle size 4th Acceptability Drought tolerant Early maturity (EM) Nutrient content 5th Early maturity Drought tolerance (DT) Seed Color 6th Disease resistance (RD) 7th Pest resistance (RP) Bambara Groundnuts - Preferred Traits Rank Human Health and Nutrition Group Farmers and Local Communities Cross-cutting Group Gene banks, Breeders and Researchers Group Private Sector Group 1st High yield Resistance to diseases Marketability (MKT) Nutrient content 2nd Nutritional value Resistance to post harvest pests Quality (QLT) Pest and diseases 3rd Drought tolerance Early maturity Yield (YD) Early maturity 4th Remove anti-nutritional factors Nutrition content Early maturity (EM) Grain yield 5th Acceptability Drought resistance Drought tolerance (DT) Fast cooking 6th Resistance to wilting 9.15 Annex 15: The list of crops Participants selected from Crop group Common name (English) Crop group Common name (English) Crop group Common name (English) Fruits Bitter-berry Vegetables Okra Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Vegetable tallow tree Fruits Turkey berry Vegetables Aibika, Sunset Muskmallow, Sunset Hibiscus Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Allanblackia Fruits Cooking banana Vegetables Onion Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Cashew Fruits Bananas Vegetables Prostrate Pigweed Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Groundnut Fruits Bananas Vegetables Smooth Amaranth, Slim Amaranth Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Aizen, Nabedega Fruits Indian fig Vegetables Spiny Amaranth, Spiny Pigweed Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Canarium nut, Ramy nut Fruits Prickly pear Vegetables Amaranth/Joseph's coat Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Safflower Fruits Baobab Vegetables Slender Amaranth, Green Amaranth Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Coconut Fruits African pepper Vegetables Vine spinach, Ceylon spinach, Malabar spinach Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Sickle Senna Fruits Pineapple Vegetables Blackjack Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Cumin Fruits Custard Apple Vegetables Boscia Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Bottle Gourd, Calabash Fruits Wild Custard Apple Vegetables Ethiopia Mustard Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Flax Fruits Sugar Apple, Sweetsop Vegetables Celosia Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Macadamia Fruits Breadfruit Vegetables Silver spinach Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Groundnut tree Fruits Jack Tree Vegetables Spiderplant Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Sesame Fruits Balanites Vegetables Ivy Gourd, Scarlet Gourd Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Shea Fruits Papaya Vegetables Jute mallow Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Chestnut Fruits Carissa Vegetables Yoruban bologi Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Tigernut Fruits White sapote Vegetables Pumpkin Nuts, seeds and oilseeds Chia Fruits Carob, locust bean Vegetables Pumpkin Cereals Love