CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
A MANUAL FOR FARMERS AND EXTENSION
WORKERS IN AFRICA
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International Institute of Rural
Reconstruction
Africa Regional Centre, PO Box 66873, Nairobi, Kenya. Email
admin@iirr-africa.org, internet www.iirr.org
The International Institute of Rural Reconstruction is a non-profit,
non-governmental organization that aims to improve the quality
of lives of the rural poor in developing countries through rural
reconstruction: a sustainable, integrated, people-centred develop-
ment strategy generated through practical field experiences. Based
in the Philippines, IIRR has regional offices in Africa (located in
Nairobi), Latin America (Quito) and Asia (Silang, the Philippines).
IIRR’s Africa office is committed to strengthening the institutional
capacity of partner organizations through knowledge generation,
acquisition and sharing.
African Conservation Tillage Network
Zimbabwe office: No. 9 Balmoral Road, Borrowdale, Harare, Zim-
babwe. Email actnetwork@africaonline.co.zw, internet
www.act.org.zw
Kenya office: PO Box 14733 00800, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya.
Email actnairobi@wananchi.com
The African Conservation Tillage Network promotes the sharing
of information and experiences and facilitates the adaptation and
adoption of conservation agriculture principles and practices in
Africa. ACT is a Pan-African, international association, involving
private, public and non-government sectors, and including farm-
ers, input and machinery manufacturers and suppliers, research-
ers and extensionists, with an active conviction to promote, sup-
port and apply conservation agriculture to ensure viable and sus-
tainable agriculture productivity while minimizing or reversing
the environmental degradation that is devastating the continent.
Membership is open to any individuals or groups committed to
the development and promotion of conservation farming/tillage
technologies for smallholder farmers in Africa.
Published 2005 by the International Institute of Rural Reconstruc-
tion and the African Conservation Tillage Network
Printed in Kenya by Majestic Printing Works Ltd.
P.O. Box 42466-00100 Nairobi Kenya.
Correct citation
IIRR and ACT. 2005. Conservation agriculture: A manual for farmers
and extension workers in Africa. International Institute of Rural Re-
construction, Nairobi; African Conservation Tillage Network,
Harare.
ISBN 9966-9705-9-2
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Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xvii
List of contributors xviii
1 What is conservation agriculture? 1
Why start using conservation agriculture? 5
How conservation agriculture works in different types of farms 6
Different situations 10
Conventional vs conservation 10
Effects of conventional farming and conservation agriculture 13
History of conservation agriculture 19
Conservation agriculture in Africa 20
Challenges for conservation agriculture 22
2 Converting to conservation agriculture 25
Three stages 26
Questions to ask 28
Where to find answers in this book 30
What are the risks? 33
3 Field preparation and planting 35
Before starting conservation agriculture 36
Planting basins 41
Planting spots 47
Ripping and planting 47
Controlling weeds and the cover crop before planting 51
Planting methods 51
Using the right amount of seed and fertilizer 55
4 Keeping the soil healthy 63
What makes soils hungry and sick? 64
Organic matter 67
Making the soil healthy again 68
Keeping the soil healthy 70
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5 Soil cover 81
Cover crops 83
Mulch 97
Challenges for maintaining soil cover 100
6 Crops and cropping systems 103
Crop rotation 106
Converting a cropping system to conservation agriculture 110
Challenges in cropping systems 113
7 Controlling weeds 115
How to manage weeds 116
Managing weeds with soil cover and crops 117
Weeding by hand or with equipment 119
Herbicides 120
When and how to weed 123
Challenges in managing weeds 124
Using the right amount of herbicide 124
Using herbicides correctly 126
Using herbicides safely 127
Care of sprayers 127
8 Conserving soil and water 129
Soil conservation techniques 130
Conserving water 137
9 Livestock 145
Feeding animals 147
Sources of feed 147
Protecting your fields 150
Work animals 151
10 Harvesting, marketing and input supplies 155
Harvesting 156
Storage 157
Processing and marketing 157
Inputs 158
Obtaining inputs 162
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11 Should you adopt conservation agriculture? 167
How can conservation agriculture benefit me? 168
How does conservation agriculture benefit other people? 169
How much yield does conservation agriculture produce? 169
How much does conservation agriculture cost? 170
Is conservation agriculture profitable? 177
Is conservation agriculture worthwhile? 178
How much work is conservation agriculture? 180
When is the work needed? 180
12 Conservation agriculture and people 185
Women and men 186
Cultural beliefs 190
HIV/AIDS 193
Farmers with disabilities 195
Young people 196
13 Encouraging adaptation and adoption 199
Adapting conservation agriculture 200
Ways to promote conservation agriculture 204
Training 205
Extension 209
Demonstrations 209
Farmer field schools 210
Schools and churches 213
Farmer champions 214
Farmer-to-farmer extension 215
Farmers’ organizations 215
Other ways to share experiences 215
Farming as a business 217
Multiple stakeholder partnerships 218
Small-scale entrepreneurs and private business 220
Policy support 220
14 Resources 223
Contributors’ profiles 224
Resource organizations and websites 238
Equipment manufacturers 245
Resource materials 247
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Foreword
Over the last couple of decades, conservation agriculture has gained increas-
ing interest worldwide as well as in Africa. This approach to farming is very
attractive for African farmers: it boosts yields, saves labour and money, and
conserves the soil and the environment. It appeals to all categories of farmers
– from small-scale subsistence farmers to high-tech commercial producers. It
can be used in all climates and on all soils where it is possible to grow crops.
And it appeals to the general public and to national leaders as a policy to
promote and approve.
Conservation agriculture contributes significantly to meet three of the Millen-
nium Development Goals.
MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Conservation agricul-
ture helps farmers produce more food – for themselves and for the market.
It helps stabilize yields, especially during drought. It uses less labour and
fewer expensive inputs than conventional agriculture.
MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Conservation agriculture
produces a healthy, productive soil, halts erosion, reduces river pollution,
increases the amount of organic matter in the soil, and takes CO2 out of the
atmosphere.
MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development Conservation
agriculture is a global movement. It brings development agencies, the pri-
vate sector, civil society, research institutions, local organizations and farm-
ers together to contribute to the other MDGs.
Conservation agriculture also fits in well with two of the major NEPAD (New
Partnership for Africa’s Development) sectoral priorities: agriculture and the
environment.
This book explains why conservation agriculture has such promise. It shows
how farmers and extension workers can do it.
This book is the result of an initiative by a group of people from various insti-
tutions across Africa and throughout the world. This group includes farmers
and researchers, extension workers and policy makers, governments, non-gov-
ernment organizations and the private sector. A unique alliance for a uniquely
promising approach.
They have drawn on their own knowledge, on the work of their organiza-
tions, and on the successes of hundreds of thousands of farmers through Af-
rica. They have put all these experiences together into this guide: the first
manual on conservation agriculture covering the whole of Africa.
The method used to create this book – a “writeshop” involving more than 90
contributors – is highly appreciated. It shows an impressive will by a large
group from many different countries, from different walks of life, and with
highly different specializations and interests, to come together and produce a
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product that all agree upon. The feeling of joint ownership will help the mes-
sage of conservation agriculture spread much more quickly than if a single
person had attempted to write this book alone.
It is a special joy to see that the two areas of agriculture and communication
have joined hands in a common understanding that a written manual is of
little use if its messages are not communicated wide and far.
It is our hope that this book will be distributed widely, and will be read by
many. More important, we urge readers to put to use the information it con-
tains. While the book is intended especially for extension workers and other
agricultural service providers, we would also recommend that students in
schools and universities read it. So should many farmers, and those who rep-
resent our peoples in various forums on agriculture and food security.
Finally, we want to recognize the international aspect of conservation agricul-
ture. This book is “African”. But it reaches even further out. It will be a major
input into the World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, to be held in Nai-
robi in October 2005 under a NEPAD arrangement and with the African Con-
servation Tillage Network. This congress marks a new beginning for a conti-
nent with an increasing will to get together to influence global policies and
decision making.
We thank all involved in producing and distributing this book, and those
charged with transforming its messages into practical use. Most of all, though,
we hope that our farmers will be able to use conservation agriculture to bring
prosperity to their families and for their societies.
Hon. Kipruto arap Kirwa
Minister of Agriculture and
Livestock Development
Republic of Kenya
Nairobi, August 2005
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Preface
Over 60% of Africans depend on some form of farming for their sustenance
and livelihoods. Agriculture remains vital for the continent’s development and
economic growth. So the recent stagnation or decline in farm productivity in
in many parts of Africa is a major concern. For many communities and coun-
tries, this has translated into chronic food insecurity and growing poverty.
Households and communities are increasingly vulnerable, as their only resource
– their land – can no longer sustain them.
Africa is witnessing severe degradation to its farmlands. Much of this degra-
dation can be attributed to common, but exploitative, farming practices –
ploughing that destroys the soil structure and degrades organic matter, burn-
ing or removing crop residues, monocropping, and so on.
Soil and water management practices that sustain and enhance the produc-
tivity of arable soils are a must for Africa. They are a vital part of the long-term
solution to food insecurity and poverty.
Conservation agriculture aims to overcome these problems. It consists of three
simple principles – disturb the soil as little as possible, keep the soil covered, and
mix and rotate crops. These principles can be put into practice in many differ-
ent ways. Farmers throughout Africa, and throughout the world, are begin-
ning to adopt them; they have seen their yields rise, their soil gain in fertility,
and their labour needs fall.
But conservation agriculture must be promoted actively if it is to be spread
rapidly. Grassroot players (farmers, extension workers, input suppliers, etc…)
often lack information on what to do and where to do it. This manual aims to
fill this gap.
This manual
This manual tries to do the following:
It explains what conservation agriculture is, and why it is important.
It describes how to use conservation agriculture principles in the field.
It highlights the issues and challenges that farmers and extension person-
nel may encounter when they adopt and adapt conservation agriculture.
It suggests ways to adapt and disseminate this approach.
It gives examples of experiences with conservation agriculture in real life.
This manual is part of a larger effort to develop and promote conservation
agriculture in Africa and worldwide. It is designed to reflect the experiences
and views of many conservation agriculture practitioners (farmers, research-
ers and support organizations) to respond to the looming hunger and environ-
mental degradation in sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to enhance knowledge and
awareness on conservation agriculture and promote the adoption and adap-
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tation of this approach throughout Africa. It is the first truly Africa-wide manual
on conservation agriculture.
African farmers face a bewildering variety of conditions: highland and low-
land, tropical and temperate, high and low rainfall, rich and poor soils, large
and small farms. They grow a huge range of crops. Some farmers are commer-
cially oriented; others eat everything they grow. It is impossible for one book to
cover all the different variations.
Fortunately, this is not necessary. Conservation agriculture is not a single set
of techniques – there is no one “best practice”. Rather, its three principles can
be applied in different ways in different situations. This book outlines these
principles (on page 3), then shows how to adapt them to suit the particular set
of circumstances that you – the farmer or extension worker – face. It is up to
you to decide on what is best for you. Innovate, test and adapt the techniques
in this book, and encourage your friends and neighbours to do the same.
The manual also reflects the character of conservation agriculture – holistic
and multi-disciplinary. It also describes how conservation agriculture relates
to other key areas that farmers are concerned with: socio-economic issues,
culture and traditions, marketing, and livestock.
This manual is intended primarily for Africa’s farmers and extension workers:
the people who stand to benefit directly from conservation agriculture. It is
written in simple language so it is easy to understand, and easy to translate
into local languages. Many of the illustrations can be enlarged or adapted for
use on posters or training materials.
The book should also prove useful for others interested in conservation agri-
culture: agricultural researchers and policymakers, NGO staff, trainers, teach-
ers and students. It should serve as a comprehensive resource on conservation
agriculture in Africa and worldwide.
How this manual was prepared
The initial idea for this manual came from a meeting in Zambia, when over 40
researchers and field practitioners from Africa met to prepare for the Second
World Congress on Conservation Agriculture (held in Brazil in 2003). The large
number of papers and posters gathered for this meeting formed a rich poten-
tial basis for a comprehensive manual on conservation agriculture in Africa.
The International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) developed the con-
cept of a manual further, and discussed the idea with RELMA, ICRAF’s Re-
gional Land Management Unit. RELMA provided a start-up fund. FAO, CTA
and IFAD also provided valuable financial support. The resulting manual was
to be ready for the third World Congress, held in Nairobi in October 2005.
A small consultative group of key stakeholders was formed into a steering
committee, which decided that IIRR and the African Conservation Tillage
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Network (ACT) be the lead agencies. IIRR was designated as manager and
overall project coordinator.
A group of key stakeholders met in November 2004 in Nairobi to generate a set
of themes and topics for the manual. The same group identified various prom-
ising practices and suggested organizations that practised conservation agri-
culture, as well as resource persons and individuals who might generate case
materials and manuscripts on various topics. IIRR then invited them to pre-
pare manuscripts on the selected topics and to present them at a “writeshop”.
The Karen writeshop
The writeshop (an intensive, 2-week workshop) was held in Karen, near Nai-
robi, on 18–29 April 2005. The contributors brought their manuscripts with
them, along with other printed materials, photographs and conservation agri-
culture equipment. In all, some 60 farmers, extension staff, scientists and prac-
titioners from 14 African countries, as well as from Brazil and Europe, partici-
pated. Another 30 contributors were unable to attend the writeshop but sub-
mitted manuscripts for discussion by the participants.
The writeshop began with a series of presentations by participants on various
aspects of conservation agriculture. The participants were then divided into a
number of groups, each focusing on a specific theme, such as “land prepara-
tion” or “economics”. These groups were asked to write a draft chapter on
their theme, based on the manuscripts that had been prepared for the write-
shop and their own knowledge and experience. Each group prepared a draft
chapter, which they presented to the plenary.
The other participants commented on the drafts, asked questions, and sug-
gested additions or changes. The individual groups then revised their drafts.
A team of editors assisted with drafting and revising the text, and artists drew
illustrations to accompany it.
The groups presented their revised drafts to the plenary a second time, along
with the illustrations, and the other participants were able to make further
suggestions. The editors and artists again helped revise the text and illustra-
tions. By the end of the writeshop, the groups had completed drafts for each of
the chapters in the book you are holding.
The groups were fairly fluid: individual participants were able to move from
group to group, so contributing to the detailed drafting of more than one chapter.
Throughout the writeshop, participants wrote about their specific experiences
with conservation agriculture. These cases appear in boxes in the text. They
provide valuable examples of how conservation agriculture works in practice.
After the writeshop, considerable restructuring and rewriting were necessary
to eliminate overlap among the various chapters and to ensure the style was
clear and consistent. This was done by the chief editor, who also commis-
sioned new artwork to fill in gaps.
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Through this process, the initial manuscripts were revised substantially or were
completely rewritten. The information they contained was selected, sifted, and
combined with ideas from other sources, and was distributed throughout the
manual. A single section in the book may contain information provided by
many different participants. This means it is not possible to label a particular
chapter or section as the work of a particular participant. The “authors” of
the manual are thus the contributors listed on page xviii: both those who at-
tended the writeshop and those who provided manuscripts.
Writeshop advantages
The sequence described above is an adaptation of the writeshop approach
pioneered by IIRR at its headquarters in the Philippines. IIRR-Africa has used
this approach to produce extension and information materials on a wide range
of subjects.
Writeshops have several advantages over conventional methods of producing
a publication. They speed up the production process, taking full advantage of
the participants’ expertise. The process of writing, getting comments, revising
and illustrating takes place at the same time, considerably shortening the of-
ten-difficult process of writing, editing and publishing. A large number of par-
ticipants contribute to each topic: in effect, the writeshop provides an oppor-
tunity for technical peer review by a large number of reviewers, as well as
pretesting for understandability and field relevance by a group of the intended
readers.
In addition, writeshops bring together a large number of people from various
institutions and walks of life, each with different perspectives and expertise.
They are an excellent training and networking opportunity, with individuals
learning about each other’s work and exchanging ideas and experiences that
will be of value for them when they return home. It is hoped that the relation-
ships and networks forged during the writeshop will continue long into the
future.
Structure of this book
This book is divided into 14 chapters.
Chapter 1, What is conservation agriculture?, explains the principles of conser-
vation agriculture, and describes the benefits it can bring to farmers who adopt
it. It compares conservation agriculture with conventional farming practices,
and tells readers what to expect in the first few years after they adopt it. It also
briefly describes the history of the approach in Africa and worldwide, and
outlines some challenges facing its rapid spread.
Chapter 2, Converting to conservation agriculture, guides readers through the
challenges of starting out with this new approach to farming. It lists some
questions farmers should ask, and describes how to find the answers.
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Chapter 3, Field preparation and planting, describes how to prepare a field for
conservation agriculture, various ways of planting crops, and how to work
out how much seed and fertilizer to use.
Chapter 4, Keeping the soil healthy, introduces the concept of soil health – which
depends on the amount of organic matter in the soil. It shows how to tell
whether your soil is sick, and what to do to nurse it back to health.
Chapter 5, Soil cover, discusses the importance of keeping the soil covered, and
the two main ways of doing so: using cover crops and mulch. It especially
addresses a major problem that many farmers face when they first adopt con-
servation agriculture: the choice of a cover crop and how to obtain seeds.
Chapter 6, Crops and cropping systems, discusses various types of cropping
systems (intercropping, sequential cropping, and so on), the benefits of crop
rotation, and factors to consider when choosing which crops to grow.
Chapter 7, Controlling weeds, discusses the vital topic of how to control the
weeds that will take over the fields unless the farmer manages them properly.
It describes various ways to control them: by maintaining soil cover, by me-
chanical weeding, or using herbicides. It gives special attention to using the
right amount of herbicides, in a correct and safe way.
Chapter 8, Conserving soil and water, describes various soil and water conser-
vation technologies that can be combined with conservation agriculture.
Chapter 9, Livestock, covers three issues relating to livestock and conservation
agriculture: feeding animals, protecting fields from livestock, and training ani-
mals to pull conservation agriculture equipment.
Chapter 10, Harvesting, marketing and input supplies, addresses issues that farm-
ers are likely to encounter in harvesting, storing, processing and marketing
their produce, and in obtaining inputs and credit for their conservation agri-
culture operation.
Chapter 11 is entitled Should you adopt conservation agriculture? It poses (and
answers) some questions that farmers may have about conservation agricul-
ture before they adopt it: How does it benefit me? How much does it cost? Is it
profitable?, and so on. For each question, it shows how farmers can work out
the answers themselves so they can make an informed decision on what to do.
Chapter 12, Conservation agriculture and people, explores the social and cul-
tural dimensions of this approach. It looks at five areas: the roles of women
and men, cultural beliefs, HIV/AIDS, farmers with disabilities, and young
people.
Chapter 13, Encouraging adaptation and adoption, is aimed primarily at exten-
sion workers, researchers and policymakers. It suggests various ways to test
and adapt particular conservation agriculture practices in a participatory way
with groups of farmers. It also provides ideas on how to promote conservation
agriculture through various extension approaches.
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Chapter 14, Resources, includes the profiles and contact details of the con-
tributors, a list of resource organizations and websites, manufacturers of con-
servation agriculture equipment, and publications with further information
on this approach.
Throughout the manual, boxes describe how farmers, projects and research
institutions have applied conservation agriculture. These cases are drawn from
the experiences of the manual’s contributors, who represent a wide range of
countries and farming conditions from throughout Africa. For further details
on the individual experiences, please contact the individuals and organiza-
tions listed on page xviii (see addresses in Chapter 14).
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Acknowledgements
The writeshop and production of this manual were supported by grants from:
Cordaid
Catholic Organization for Relief and Development
Aid, PO Box 16440, 2500 BK The Hague,
The Netherlands
European Union
Sincere thanks also to:
The writeshop participants and staff: see the List of participants (page xiv)
and Participants’ profiles (page 238).
The staff of IIRR’s Africa Regional Centre and Acacia Consultants, Cordaid
regional and headquarters staff, and I/C Consult.
The many other, unnamed local people, extension workers, researchers,
government and NGO staff, whose knowledge and experiences are reflect-
ed in this book.
The management and staff of the Agricultural Finance Corporation Train-
ing Centre, where the writeshop to produce this book was held.
The following FAO programmes and projects contributed funds:
Piloting Conservation Agriculture to Improve Livelihoods and Food Secu-
rity for Smallholder Farmers in Kenya.
Promotion of Conservation Agriculture in Eritrea.
Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Develop-
ment in Southern and Eastern Africa (CA-SARD). This project operates in
Kenya and Tanzania and is funded by the German government.
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List of contributors
For further information and contact details, see Chapter 14.
Botswana Trade and Investment Program for a
Competitive Export Economy (TIPCEE)
Sanitas Philip Boahen
Gosta “Gus” I Nilsson University of Science and Technology,
Kumasi
Cameroon Kofi Boa*
Emmanuel Bobobee*
CIRAD/ESA Project, Cameroon
Krishna Naudin* Kenya
ESA-SODECOTON/IRAD Project
Oumarou Balarabe Bayer East Africa Ltd.
Vasey Mwaja*
Côte d’Ivoire Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable
Agriculture in Rural Development (CA-
Agence Nationale d’Appui au SARD)
Développement Rural Thomas Apina
Gnamitche Anne Djedjro Ep Noriel Charles Mwanda
Nomel Paul Wamai Mwangi
Daniel Glounaho* Philip Mwangi
Kennedy Otieno
Eritrea Farmer, Kikapu Farmer Field School
Bernice M Kamotho
Ministry of Agriculture Farmer, Kusa Community Development
Bekurestision Habte Ghebremdhin* Society
Okech John Odingo
Ethiopia Farmer, Nanyuki
Alemaya University Stanley Muriuki
Heluf Gebrekidan* International Maize and Wheat
B.B. Mishra* Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Ethiopian Agricultural Research Fred Kanampiu
Organisation (EARO) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
Melesse Temesgen (KARI)
Eva Gacheru
Ghana Violet Gathaara
Jedidah Maina
Food and Agriculture Organization of the Joseph Gichane Mureithi*
United Nations (FAO) Hottensiah Mwangi
Ambrose Nzabi*
John Ashburner
Kenya Network for Draught Animal
Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Technology (KENDAT)
Kumasi Pascal Kaumbutho
Patrick Akowua* Joseph Mutua
Kenya Soil Survey
Patrick Gicheru*
* Did not attend writeshop
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Ministry of Agriculture Farmer, Ujamaa Farmer Field School
Kithinji Mutunga* Renatha Patrick Allay
National School Feeding Council LAMP-Babati
Edwyn Odeny Odhiambo Elley Simon Mbise
Triple W Engineering Ltd. Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Barney Muckle Security
University of Nairobi Rajabu Ngoma Mtunze
Elijah K. Biamah* Fares E. Mahuha*
Ayub Gitau Research, Community and
Charles K K Gachene Organizational Development
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Association (RECODA)
Anja Boye Catherine Maguzu*
Soren Damgaard-Larsen Dominick E. Ringo*
Qureish Noordin Selian Agricultural Research Institute
Alex Oduor Wilfred Mariki
Marietha Owenya
Lesotho Soil Conservation and Agroforestry
Lesotho Evangelical Church Programme (SCAPA)
Joseph Mwalley
August Basson
Motipi Ranthimo Uganda
Madagascar Agricultural Engineering and Applied
CIRAD Technology Research Institute
Olivier Husson* Wilfred Richard Odogola
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry
South Africa and Fisheries
Alex Lwakuba*
Agricultural Resource Consultants National Agricultural Advisory Services
James (Jim) Findlay Anthony Nyakuni
Technical Cooperation Programme on
Sudan Conservation Agriculture (TCP-CA)
Paul Nyende
Agricultural and Technology Research
Corporation
Osman Alfadni Zambia
Agriculture Support Programme
Swaziland Roy Musonda Chiti*
CLUSA
COSPE Cholwe Chiposwa
Ndumiso Masimula University of Zambia
Tanzania Gelson Tembo
Agricultural Research Institute Ukiriguru Zimbabwe
Fidelis Kaihura African Conservation Tillage Network
Agricultural Research Institute, Uyole (ACT)
Saidi Mkomwa Martin Bwalya
Farmer, Eotulelo Farmer Field School Agriway
Thomas Loronyo Brian Oldreive*
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO) Steering
Susan Minae committee
Hastt Zimbabwe Josef Kienzle, FAO
Makoto Mautsa John Ashburner, FAO
University of Zimbabwe Bernard Triomphe, CIRAD
Edward Chuma Martin Bwalya, ACT
Pascal Kaumbutho, KENDAT
Outside Africa Soren Damgaard-Larsen, RELMA in
ICRAF
CIRAD, France Isaac Bekalo, IIRR
Bernard Triomphe
Cornell University, USA Writeshop staff
Peter R. Hobbs* Desktop publishing
Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil Nyotumba Bonaventure
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado Kithinji Kiruja
Food and Agriculture Organization of the Benson Maina Mwangi
United Nations (FAO), Italy Paul Mundy
Josef Kienzle Editing
Independent Consultant, UK Mohammed Duba
Brian Sims Sospeter Gatobu
International Food Policy Research Kimunya Mugo
Paul Mundy
Institute, USA Aileen Ogolla
Steven Haggblade* Bob Wagner
Michigan State University, USA Facilitation
Cynthia Donovan* Isaac Bekalo
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rahab W N Njoroge
Rural Development, Kosovo Illustrations
Walter de Oliveira* Elijah Njoroge Njenga
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural Benjamin Ojwang
University, Denmark Alfred Ombati
Adrian Bolliger* Secretarial, finance and logistics
Senior Technical Consultant, Germany Gabriel Bakhwenya
Kurt Steiner Ada Chibole
Eva Dossche
Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Eunice Juma
Cecilia Ruben Grace Kinyanjui
Johan Rockström* Stanley Liuva
Swedish University of Agriculture, Rahab W N Njoroge
Sweden Writeshop management
Carl-Fredrik von Essen* Isaac Bekalo
Jens Nolin* Eva Dossche
University of Agriculture, Norway Paul Mundy
Jens B. Aune* Rahab W N Njoroge
University of Tennessee, USA
John E. Morrison, Jr*
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Netherlands
William Critchley
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14
Resources
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Contributors’ profiles
Contributors who attended Thomas Apina
the writeshop FAO Volunteer, Agricultural Engineer,
Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable
Agriculture in Rural Development (CA-
Osman Alfadni SARD)
Head, Land and Water Research Section, c/o Francis Apina, Kenya Utalii College, PO Box
Agricultural and Technology Research 31052-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 722
Corporation 940789, fax +254 720 557500, email
PO Box 429, Alobeid 51111, Sudan. Tel. +249 611 apina99@yahoo.com
823000, 912 477486, 611 832000, email Thomas holds a BSc in agricultural engineer-
alfadniosman@yahoo.com ing. He is currently working with FAO as a
Osman holds a PhD in soil science, land and volunteer in the CA-SARD project.
water management. He has been a consultant
for the Food and Agriculture Organization of John Ashburner
the United Nations (FAO), the Special Pro-
gramme for Food Security (SPFS), the Interna- Senior Agricultural Engineer, FAO Regional
tional Fund for Agriculture Development’s Office for Africa
Northern Kordofan Rural Development Pro- PO Box 1628, Accra, Ghana, Tel. +233 21
gramme (IFAD-NK), and on water harvesting 7010930 ext 3135, 675000 ext 3135, fax +233 21
for smallholder farmers. 7010943, email john.ashburner@fao.org
Renatha Patrick Allay John is a British agricultural engineer with a
PhD in agricultural engineering. He has
Farmer worked overseas for nearly 40 years in South
America, Africa and Asia, with much of his
Rhotia Mission, PO Box 66, Karatu, Arusha, work focused on conservation agriculture. He
Tanzania. Tel. +255 27 744 956519 initially worked with ODA (now the UK De-
Renatha has been practising conservation ag- partment for International Development), and
riculture since 2002, growing maize, beans and freelanced for 12 years. He is now working
lablab. Her mother (Maria Erro, see page2) be- with the Food and Agriculture Organization
longs to Ujamaa Farmer Field School. of the United Nations.
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado Gabriel Bakhwenya
Soil Scientist and Professor, Federal Univer- Secretariat in-charge, IIRR
sity of Santa Maria PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
Antero Correa Barnos 655 Apto 602, RS CEP 20 444 2610, fax +254 20 444 8814, email
97119-900, Santa Maria, Brazil. Tel. +55 55 220 gabriel@iirr-africa.org
8916, +55 55 221 2350, email
tamado@smail.ufsm.br Oumarou Balarabe
Telmo is an agronomist with a PhD in soil sci- Regional Officer, Conservation Agriculture
ence with a focus on soil conservation. He spe- Research and Extension Programme, ESA-
cializes in no-till farming, cover crops, soil SODECOTON/IRAD Project
carbon, and soil quality.
PO Box 302, Garoua, Cameroon. Tel. +237 991
6473, +237 793 7145, email obalarabe@yahoo.fr
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14 Resources
Oumarou holds an Ingenieur Agronome Di- Philip holds a BSc and MPhil in agronomy and
ploma (equivalent to an MSc) in agricultural agricultural economics, and a postgraduate
sciences from the University of Dischang, Cam- diploma in agricultural research for develop-
eroon. He has worked for 1 year in the cotton ment from Wageningen, Netherlands. He
sector with RESOCOT-CIRAD on performance worked with a GTZ project in Ghana for 6 years,
evaluation in Central and Western Africa. He then as a freelance consultant for GTZ and FAO
has worked for 3 years on conservation agri- until 2005. He specializes in participatory ex-
culture research and extension programmes on tension methods, agronomy and farming sys-
cotton-based farming systems in northern tems development, cover crops and conserva-
Cameroon. tion agriculture, agricultural economics, moni-
toring and evaluation, and project appraisal
August Basson and planning.
Pastor and Trainer, Lesotho Evangelical Anja Boye
Church
Tebellong Qachas Nek 608, Lesotho, or PO Box Associate Soil Scientist, Improved Fallows,
252, Matatiele, 4730, South Africa. Tel. +27 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
83658340, +266 58883670, email PO Box 2389, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 722
aabasson@yebo.co.za, internet 878029, 20 631344-53, 722 747093, 57 2021918,
www.tebellong.givengain.org email anja@swiftkisumu.com
August studied theology at Stellenbosch Uni- Anja holds an MSc in physical geography from
versity and has been pastoring with the Le- the University of Copenhagen. She worked as
sotho Evangelical Church for at least 12 years. a DANIDA Associate Scientist at ICRAF in
He has been training farmers on conservation 2002–4, and has also done consultancy work
agriculture since 2002. for IRD/ICRAF and research for ICRAF. She is
planning to study soil conservation for her
Isaac Bekalo PhD. Her work has focused mainly on legumes
and no-tillage in soil conservation, with spe-
Regional Director for Africa, International cial attention to runoff and soil erosion. She
Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) has tested crop rotations with legumes in west-
ern Kenya.
PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
20 444 2610, 444 0991, fax +254 20 444 8814,
email admin@iirr-africa.org, internet Martin Bwalya
www.iirr.org Coordinator, African Conservation Tillage
Isaac holds a PhD in organizational develop- Network
ment and planning. His experience includes
teaching, NGO training, curriculum design and 9 Balmoral Road, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
organizational development. He has provided Tel. +263 4 882107, 885596, email
consultancy services on strategic planning, mbwalya@africaonline.co.zw
participatory monitoring and evaluation, Martin holds an MSc in agricultural engineer-
project design and proposal writing. He spe- ing and mechanization management. He has
cializes in participatory development ap- for many years been involved in on-farm ag-
proaches and organizational development. ricultural development programmes, such as
the development of animal-powered imple-
Philip Boahen ments, training of farmers and staff, and the
development of agricultural information ma-
Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist, terials related to sustainable/conservation
Agricultural Economics and Agronomy agriculture. He now focuses on development,
synthesis, and dissemination of information
Trade and Investment Program for a Competitive on conservation agriculture, facilitation of on-
Export Economy (TIPCEE), PMB CT 330, Accra, farm experiments, and group learning and
Ghana. Tel. +233 21 775350, mobile +233 24 training in conservation agriculture.
4254891, email philipboahen@yahoo.co.uk,
pboahen@tipceeghana.org
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Conservation Agriculture
Cholwe Chiposwa editor of his organization’s magazine. He pre-
viously worked as a development advisor in
District Coordinator, Forestry, CLUSA, northern Zambia and a consultant on agricul-
Zambia tural development projects, relief, pharmacies,
Private Bag 307 RW, Lusaka, Zambia. Tel. +260 1 drugs and rural development. He has also
235747/8, +260 01 235745, +260 1 235749 email worked for the Red Cross in Ethiopia and Su-
rgbpadmm@zamnet.zm dan, on rural development in semi-desert ar-
eas of Sudan, and on a watershed development
Cholwe holds a diploma in forestry and programme in India. He now focuses on net-
worked for the Zambia National Service for 3 working for conservation agriculture in Af-
years. She has worked with CLUSA since 1999. rica and throughout the world.
Edward Chuma Eva Dossche
Lecturer, Dept. of Soil Science, University of Capacity Building and Training Unit, IIRR-
Zimbabwe Africa
PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4 339107, +263 91 23504, 20 444 2610, +254 20 444 0991, fax +254 20 444
fax +263 4 333407, email 8814, email eva@iirr-africa.org,
chuma@africaonline.co.zw dosscheeva@mail.be, internet www.iirr.org
Edward has graduate training in soil science, Eva has an MSc in agricultural development
soil and water management, and postgradu- from the University of Gent, Belgium. Before
ate training on participatory innovation de- joining IIRR she worked in farmer extension
velopment. and sustainable agriculture in Rwanda.
William Critchley Mohammed Duba
Lecturer, Research and Development Journalist/Development Worker
Specialist, and Coordinator, Resource
Development Unit, Vrije Universiteit PO Box 11517, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20
Amsterdam 721386942, email mohamed_duba@yahoo.com
De Boelelaan 1105-2G, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Mohammed holds a BEd in English language
Netherlands. Tel. +31 20 59 89090, fax +31 20 59 and literature from Moi University, Eldoret.
89095, email wrs.critchley@dienst.vu.nl, internet He previously worked with the International
www.cis.vu.nl Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) as man-
ager of the Pastoralist Education Project for
William has 30 years’ experience on soil and the Horn of Africa, and for ActionAid as policy
water conservation research and development. research coordinator for northeast Kenya. He
He was based in Kenya for 13 years, South Af- has also worked with the British Broadcasting
rica for 2 years and is now at the Vrije Univer- Corporation (BBC) and the Standard Media
siteit in Amsterdam. He has a bachelor’s in Group as a reporter covering events and per-
agriculture and a PhD in soil and water con- sonalities in Africa. He currently provides con-
servation. His work now includes project back- sulting services to IIRR.
stopping, evaluation, writing and teaching.
James (Jim) Findlay
Soren Damgaard-Larsen
Consultant, Agricultural Resource Consult-
Development Advisor, RELMA in ICRAF ants
World Agroforestry Centre , PO Box 30677, PO Box 3474, Parklands 2121, South Africa. Tel.
Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224408, +27 486 2254, +27 486 2274, email
+254 20 7224401, email s.damgaard- agrecon@pixie.co.za
larsen@cgiar.org, internet www.relma.org
Jim has a DSc in economics entomology from
Soren has worked as an agricultural researcher Pretoria University. He worked at the Plant
on soils, nutrients and micro-elements, and is Protection Research Institute on pesticide re-
228
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14 Resources
search and was a technical advisor on crop pro- PO Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
tection products. He spent 20 years in industry 20 4444 1659, +254 20 4443 9260, +254 20 722
(Elanco, Monsanto) as director of research and 678482, email karipsp@skyweb.co.ke
as managing director. For the last 10 years he
has been a consultant specializing in conser- Violet holds a bachelor’s degree in agriculture
vation agriculture projects in many African and human ecology extension from Egerton
countries. He is also closely involved in the University. Her work experience spans over
registration of crop protection products in a 26 years, including 6 years in extension. She
number of African countries, and in the devel- has been in charge of home economics and
opment of legislation covering such products. rural youth programmes in several districts in
In addition, he manages the Plant Science Con- Kenya. She is currently working with the
sultants Association in South Africa. Kenya Agricultural Research Institute as a
socio-economist. She is a founder member of
the Kenya Professional Association of Women
Charles Gachene in Agriculture and Environment (KEPAWAE).
Senior Lecturer and Chairman, Dept. of Soil
Science, University of Nairobi Sospeter Gatobu
PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 722 Communication Officer, International
649033, +254 20 631634, 631643, email Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)
ckkgachene@africaonline.co.ke PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
Gachene holds a BSc and MSc from the Univer- 20 444 2610, +254 20 444 0991, fax +254 20 444
sity of Nairobi, and a PhD in soil science from 8814, email sospeter@iirr-africa.org,
the Swedish University of Agricultural Science. soskaai@yahoo.com, internet www.iirr.org
He worked with the Kenya Soil Survey of the
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute before Sospeter holds an MA in communication from
joining the university. He has over 25 years of Daystar University, Nairobi, and a BEd degree
experience on soil and water management. His in education, Kiswahili and English. He has
interests are soil erosion and productivity, over 15 years of experience as a high school
green manure and legume crops for soil fertil- teacher and in managing public relations, re-
ity improvement and erosion control. He also source mobilization and development pro-
helps supervise the Legume Research Network grammes. He is currently IIRR–Africa’s com-
Project. munication officer.
Eva Gacheru Ayub Gitau
Research Officer and Weed Scientist, Kenya Lecturer, Dept. of Environment and
Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Biosystems Engineering, University of
Nairobi
Agroforestry Research Centre, Maseno, PO Box
25199, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 57 351163/4, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 722
+254 722 328864, email evagacheru@yahoo.com 878029, +254 20 631344-53, email
gitauan@yahoo.co.uk
Eva has an MSc in weed science from Missis-
sippi State University, and a BSc in agriculture Ayub specializes on agricultural mechanisa-
from the University of Nairobi, Kenya. She tion and soil tillage in Kenya and Africa. He
has 10 years’ experience working with farm- studied power requirements for different ani-
ers on soil fertility in agroforestry systems, mal-drawn tillage equipment in Machakos dis-
participatory soil fertility improvement and trict in Kenya for his MSc, and mechanical be-
weed control, with special focus on managing haviour of hard-setting soils in semi-arid ar-
Striga, a parasitic weed. eas for his PhD. He has taught and researched
on various tillage systems for more than 10
years at the University of Nairobi.
Violet Gathaara
Agriculture and Human Ecology, Kenya
Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) –
National Agricultural Research Laboratories
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Conservation Agriculture
Fidelis Kaihura PO Box 2859-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
722 308331, fax +254 20 6766939, email
Senior Agricultural Research Officer, kaumbuthos@wananchi.com, internet
Agricultural Research Institute Ukiriguru www.atnesa.org/kendat/
PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania. Tel. +255 28 Pascal is a rural development consultant spe-
2500325, +255 744 273849, email cializing in animal traction development. He
kaihura@mwanza-online.com works with KENDAT, and is national project
Kaihura holds an MSc in agriculture (soil sci- coordinator on conservation agriculture for
ence) from Sokoine University of Agriculture, sustainable agriculture and rural development.
Morogoro, Tanzania. He has worked for 25
years in agricultural research and develop- Josef Kienzle
ment, with a focus on soil and water manage-
ment. He has also worked on soil erosion as- Agricultural Engineer, Food and Agriculture
sessment and control. Since 1994 he has worked Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
on agricultural biodiversity and rural liveli- Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00100, Italy.
hood improvement. He has contributed to par- Tel. +39 06 57052612, fax +39 06 57056798,
ticipatory technology development and dis- email josef.kienzle@fao.org, internet www.fao.org
semination methods. At present he is a resource
person for FAO in soil productivity improve- Josef holds a master’s in agricultural engineer-
ment farm field schools in Tanzania. ing and a postgraduate degree in advanced ag-
ricultural development. He is also a skilled
Bernice Kamotho mechanic. He has worked in the Agricultural
Support Systems Division of FAO since 1996.
Farmer His main areas of work are field-level farm
power and mechanization, and labour-saving
PO Box 444, Njoro, Nakuru, Kenya. Tel. +254 735 technologies with a focus on vulnerable house-
133 875, +254 722 884795 holds, gender and conservation agriculture. He
Bernice has been practising conservation agri- currently backstops FAO pilot projects on con-
culture on her 1 ha farm for 2 years. She grows servation agriculture in Tanzania, Kenya and
wheat, maize and lablab, and is a member of Uganda. He also works with CIRAD, RELMA
the Kikapu Farmer Field School. She also keeps and the African Conservation Tillage Network
livestock and grows trees. on case studies for conservation agriculture
initiatives in Africa.
Fred Kanampiu Kithinji Kiruja
Agronomist, International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Colorscapes Media
PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 PO Box 4845-00506, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
722 4600, 722 4605, 722 4601, email 721 220079, email kkiruja@yahoo.com
f.kanampiu@cgiar.org, internet www.cimmyt.org Kithinji is a consultant designer with a BA in
Kanampiu holds a PhD in soil science from design from the University of Nairobi. He has
Oklahoma State University. Before joining a wide experience in the design and produc-
CIMMYT, he worked on agricultural extension tion of information materials and has worked
and research in Kenya. He has conducted par- on various IIRR publications. He has also pro-
ticipatory adaptive research in weed manage- duced materials for various NGOs, govern-
ment, soil fertility management and conser- ment departments and the private sector.
vation agriculture, aiming to enhance small-
scale farm productivity. Thomas Loronyo
Pascal Kaumbutho Farmer
Selian Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box
Executive Coordinator, Kenya Network for 6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 744 337015
Draught Animal Technology (KENDAT)
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14 Resources
Thomas has been farming using conservation Ndumiso Masimula
agriculture since 1998. He grows maize, beans
and lablab. He was initiated into the practice Field Coordinator, Conservation Agricul-
by the Regional Land Management Unit ture, COSPE
(RELMA and the Soil Conservation and Agro- Box 489, Simunye, Swaziland. Tel. +268 55
forestry Programme (SCAPA). He belongs to 16123, +268 61 31570, email
the Eotulelo Farmer Field School in Arumeru cospe.swaziland@realnet.co.sz
District, which practises conservation agricul-
ture with support from FAO. Ndumiso worked for 4 years as natural re-
sources coordinator for the Shemula Trust, a
Jedidah Maina community organization in Swaziland. He
currently works as conservation agriculture
Senior Research Officer,  Kenya Agricultural coordinator at the community level.
Research Institute/National Agricultural
Research Laboratories Bancy Mati
PO Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 Professor, Soil and Water Engineering,
20 444 4251/2/4, 722 374886, fax 444 439260, JKUAT
email jedidahmaina@yahoo.com
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and
Jedidah holds a PhD in weed science from the Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi 00200, Kenya. Tel.
University of Reading and an MSc in agronomy +254 722 638872, 67 52029, fax +254 67 52164,
from the University of Nairobi. She has worked email mati@africaonline.co.ke, internet
as a researcher in crop protection and weed www.jkuat.ac.ke
science since 1983. From 1997 she has been in-
volved in participatory weed management Bancy holds a PhD in rural land use and geo-
with smallholder farmers, mainly in the use graphic information systems (GIS). She has
of cover crops and herbicides in maize and long experience in research, consultancy and
coffee. training, working on rainwater harvesting,
water supply and management, irrigation, soil
Wilfred Mariki conservation, project planning and priority
setting using GIS. She is active in networking
National Facilitator, Conservation Agricul- and has published extensively.
ture for Sustainable Agriculture in Rural
Development, Selian Agricultural Research Makoto Mautsa
Institute
Research and Development Manager, Hastt
PO Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 27 250 Zimbabwe
5675, +255 27 250 5212, +255 27 2505211,
mobile 0748 403921, 0749 888563, email 18 Galloway Rd., Norton, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 62
wlmariki@yahoon.com, wmariki@sari.co.tz 3355/8, +263 91 287719, fax +263 62 2317, email
mmautsa@hastt.co.zw
Mariki holds a bachelor’s in agriculture from
the University of Manitoba, and a diploma in Makoto holds a BSc in farm machinery design
farm management from the University of Sas- from the University of Applied Sciences, Co-
katchewan. He is currently the national facili- logne, and a postgraduate certificate in the same
tator of the FAO project “Conservation Agri- field from the Japan International Coopera-
culture for Sustainable Agriculture in Rural De- tion Agency, Tsukuba. He has over 10 years of
velopment” in Tanzania. He has over 10 years experience in the development of agricultural
of research experience in reduced tillage, and equipment for smallholder farmers. He spe-
6 years on soil cover crops in conservation cializes in the design of agricultural equipment
agriculture in northern Tanzania. He is also a and machinery. He was involved in the devel-
part-time consultant on case studies for FAO opment of the Haka ripper planter and the
and IFAD in East Africa. Haka hand jab planter for conservation agri-
culture (both made by Hastt Zimbabwe).
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Conservation Agriculture
Elley Simon Mbise c/o Agricultural Machinery Section, PO Box
9071, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Tel. +255 22
Agromechanization Officer, LAMP-Babati 2862003, 2862077, +255 744 687156, email
Agriculture Office, PO Box 537 or 335, Babati, ngoma57@yahoo.com, mtunze@hotmail.com
Tanzania. Tel. +255 22 286 2003, +256 744 Mtunze holds a BSc from Sokoine University
687156, fax +255 22 286 2077, email of Agriculture, and an MSc from the Univer-
elleymbise@yahoo.com, taretombise@excite.com sity of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. He has
Mbise holds a diploma in agromechanization worked with the Ministry of Agriculture for
and a certificate in agro-vet. He has worked as 25 years in the Mechanization Project for In-
an agricultural mechanization officer for about creasing Food Production, the Vehicle and Trac-
17 years. He has also worked in Babati District tor Rehabilitation Project, and as officer-in-
with LAMP on the use of animal- and tractor- charge of animal traction, agro-processing and
drawn implements in conservation agricul- renewable energy technologies.
ture. He is introducing cover crops and pro-
motes investment on animal-drawn imple- Barney Muckle
ments such as rippers and knife-rollers.
Director, Triple W Engineering Ltd.
Susan Minae PO Box 176, Naro Moru 10105, Kenya. Tel. +254
62 62255, fax c/o +254 62 62272, email
Farming Systems Development Officer, muckletb@africaonline.co.ke
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Subregional Office for Barney holds a BSc in agriculture and an MSc
Southern and East Africa (FAO-SAFR) in agricultural engineering. He worked with
FAO for 12 years as a chief engineer and project
PO Box 3730, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4 manager. He has been a small-scale farmer in
791407, 253655, 700724, email Kenya for 20 years. He has designed animal-
susan.minae@fao.org, internet www.fao.org drawn equipment for conservation agriculture
Susan is a farming systems development of- for 12 years. He trains artisans how to make
ficer with the FAO. She has over 20 years of this equipment, and has also worked as a con-
experience in development in the region. sultant for the Kenya Agricultural Research
Institute, FAO and other organizations.
Saidi Mkomwa Kimunya Mugo
Head, Agricultural Engineering Research
Programme, Agricultural Research Institute, Development Communication Officer,
Uyole RELMA in ICRAF
PO Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania. Tel. +255 2525 PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254
10062, 10363, email smkomwa@yahoo.co.uk 20 7224419, +254 722 811743, +254 20 7224401,
email k.mugo@cgiar.org, internet www.relma.org
Saidi holds a BSc in engineering from the Uni-
versity of Dar-es-Salaam and a master’s in ag- Kimunya has worked in development since
ricultural engineering from the University of 1997 with GTZ, the Swedish International De-
Guelph, Canada. He has over 20 years of expe- velopment Agency (SIDA), and the Interna-
rience in training, research and development tional Centre for Research in Agroforestry
of animal traction and tractor power technolo- (ICRAF). He has also consulted for various
gies. He focuses on evaluation and develop- organizations. His background is in horticul-
ment of animal traction-based conservation ture, and he is currently finalizing his MA in
tillage implements with small-scale farmers. mass communication at the Centre for Mass
Communication Research, University of
Leicester. His work focuses on facilitating com-
Rajabu Ngoma Mtunze munication for development, producing and
Agricultural Engineer, Ministry of Agricul- disseminating well-targeted communication
ture and Food Security products, and monitoring the efficiency and
impact of communication for development.
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14 Resources
Paul Mundy Joseph Mwalley
Independent consultant in development Agromechanization Officer, Soil Conserva-
communication tion and Agroforestry Programme (SCAPA),
Weizenfeld 4, 51467 Bergisch Gladbach, Ger- Arusha Regional Coordination Unit
many. Tel. +49 2202 932921, fax +49 2202 PO Box 3163, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 27
932922, email paul@mamud.com, internet 4685, 744 293219, email mbegwe@yahoo.com
www.mamud.com Mwalley specializes in conservation tillage
Paul is a British consultant in development and agriculture extension. He is currently con-
communication. He holds a PhD in journalism servation agriculture coordinator with SCAPA
and mass communications from the Univer- for the Arusha region. He has been involved
sity of Wisconsin-Madison. He specializes in in conservation agriculture since 1998 in col-
easy-to-understand extension materials, devel- laboration with RELMA.
oped through intensive writeshops like the one
used to produce this manual. He also provides
consultancy services in various aspects of de- Charles Mwanda
velopment communication. He has worked Assistant Project Coordinator, Conservation
extensively in Southeast Asia, South Asia and Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture in
Africa. Rural Development (CA-SARD), Ministry
of Agriculture
Stanley Muriuki PO Box 30028, Nairobi GPO 00100, Kenya. Tel.
Farmer +254 20 2729535, 4451391, email
mwanda@actnairobi.com
PO Box 205, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. Tel. +254
724 83 77 61, c/o +254 62 62255, 62272, email Mwanda holds an MA in business and admin-
muckletb@africaonline.co.ke istration, and a BSc in agricultural engineer-
ing. He has worked on development issues for
Stanley is a farmer and trainer on draft animal over 25 years, five of them on conservation
technology. Has over 8 years of experience agriculture. He is experienced on the use of
with RELMA, the Conservation Agriculture for various participatory methodologies in agri-
Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Development cultural extension.
project, Cordaid, KEFRI and WWW Engineer-
ing. He also mobilizes farmers on the conser-
vation agriculture practices he himself uses. Benson Maina Mwangi
Designer, Schoolnet Computer Services
Joseph Mutua PO Box 10958-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
Technical Director, Kenya Network for 20 2736388, 2736391, mobile +254 733 785 309,
Draught Animal Technology (KENDAT) fax +254 20 2728507, email info@schoolnett.com,
bmmwangi@yahoo.com, internet
PO Box 2859-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 www.schoolnett.com
6766939, 66 33026, 722 718785, fax +254 20
6766939, email mmutua@wananchi.com, internet Benson is a freelance publication and web de-
www.atnesa.org/kendat/ signer. He has been involved in several
writeshops with IIRR and its various partners
Joseph holds a PhD in agricultural engineer- since 2000. He has interests in database design,
ing from Silsoe College, Cranfield University, development and management.
UK. He has worked as a researcher in tillage
and the adaptation of tools and equipment for
over 18 years. He currently promotes conser- Hottensiah Mwangi
vation agriculture through farm-based re- Agronomist and Researcher, Crop Protection
search and extension, business, marketing and Programme, Kenya Agricultural Research
rural transport. Institute/National Agricultural Research
Laboratories
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Conservation Agriculture
PO Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 Hamisi holds an MSc in natural resource man-
20 4444255, 4443926, mobile 0722 323957, fax agement from Cranfield University, UK, and
+254 20 4443926, email a BSc in general agriculture at Sokoine Uni-
hottensiah@wananchi.com versity of Agriculture. He worked as an agri-
Hottensiah holds an MSc in crop protection cultural extension officer for the Anglican
from the University of Bristol, UK, and a BSc Church of Tanzania for 4 years. His current
in agriculture from the University of Nairobi. work with FAO involves coordinating farmer
She has worked for 18 years in KARI as a weed field school programmes in Kenya. He is in-
scientist, and for 8 years with the Kenya Con- volved in farmer training and provision of
servation Tillage Initiative and farming com- extension services to smallholder farmers, as
munities in arid and semi-arid areas. She has well as project planning and support.
extensive experience on conservation agricul-
ture in East, Central and South Africa, as well Gosta “Gus” Nilsson
as in Brazil. She is vice-chair and founder mem-
ber of Professional Association Women in Managing Director, Sanitas
Agriculture and Environment (KEPAWAE). Gaborone, Botswana. Tel. +267 3952538,
3907143, email gus@sanitas.co.ke
Paul Wamai Mwangi Originally from Sweden, Gus has a PhD in plant
Project District Coordinator, Conservation pathology and has worked as a horticulturist
Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture in in various countries since 1944. He specializes
Rural Development project (CA-SARD) in nursery crops and dryland farming.
Nairobi 2859-00200, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 445
1391, 072 2327095, email paulwamai@yahoo.com Elijah Njoroge Njenga
Paul holds a certificate in conservation agri- Development Artist, Prowess Plus Designs
culture from ACT, and a diploma in informa- PO Box 3784, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel.
tion technology from Strathmore College, +254 724 762306, email prowessplus@yahoo.com
Nairobi. He has 4 years of experience in con-
servation agriculture and community devel- Elijah trained as a graphic designer and has
opment work. worked as a development artist with several
organizations, including the Intermediate Tech-
nology Development Group, ActionAid,
Philip Mwangi ABANTU, KHRC, and the International Insti-
Field Technician, Conservation Agriculture tute of Rural Reconstruction. He has also
for Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Devel- worked with the schoolbook publishers
opment project (CA-SARD) Macmillan and Kenya Literature Bureau.
PO Box 74849-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
20 4451394, 4451391, 4440942, email Rahab Njoroge
mwangik@yahoo.com, mwangi@actnairobi.com Strategic Capacity Building Outreach
Philip holds a BSc in agriculture from the Uni- Manager, IIRR Africa
versity of Nairobi. He is currently working as PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
a field technician with the CA-SARD project. 20 444 2610, 4440991, fax +254 20 444 8814,
email rahab@iirr-africa.org, internet www.iirr.org
Hamisi Dulla Mzoba Rahab has 15 years of facilitation, training and
Community Based Education Officer, Food management experience in business and de-
and Agriculture Organization of the United velopment. She has been Principal of SATTC
Nations College in Mahe, Seychelles, and coordinator
of the ActionAid-Kenya Inter-Development
PO Box 30470, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 Centre in Kisumu. She holds a BSc in business
20 2725069, 2725357, fax +254 20 2727384, management from Florida International Uni-
2725788, email hmzoba@faonairobi.or.ke versity, a diploma in sales and marketing, and
an advanced certificate in adult learning.
234
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14 Resources
Gnamitche Anne Djedjro Ep Paul Nyende
Noriel Nomel Consultant, Land Management, Food and
Community Development Officer, Agence Agriculture Organization of the United
Nationale d’Appui au Développement Rural Nations, Technical Cooperation Programme
on Conservation Agriculture (TCP-CA)
BP V183, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire. Tel. +225 20 Project, Uganda
21 0564, email a.nomel@anader.or.ci,
momelanne@hotmail.com Tel. +256 77 495950, email pvnyende@yahoo.com,
pnyende@africa2000network.org
Anne holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical
engineering and an MSc in industrial engineer- Paul holds an MSc in soil science and a BSc in
ing from the State University of New York, agriculture. He has previously worked with
Buffalo. She has worked for 15 years in food the International Centre for Tropical Agricul-
research and development in a government/ ture as a research associate in Uganda and as a
private-sector institute. For the past 5 years programme coordinator with the Africa 2000
she has been working with the National Com- Network. He is now a consultant on land man-
munity Development and Land Tenure Pro- agement for a project piloting conservation
gramme. agriculture in Uganda.
Qureish Noordin Edwyn Odeny Odhiambo
Development Facilitator, World Agro- Executive Director, National School Feeding
forestry Centre (ICRAF) Council of Kenya
PO Box 2389, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 57 Box 49772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254 20
2021918, 2021456, fax 2021234, email 608960, email nsfck@yahoo.com,
q.noordin@cgiar.org, internet kyf73@hotmail.com
www.worldagroforestrycentre.org Odhiambo holds a BSc in agricultural econom-
Noordin has an MPhil in tropical forest soils. ics from Egerton University. He worked as a
He has 12 years of experience in community- volunteer team leader for the Kenya Youth
based extension services and participatory ap- Foundation in charge of agriculture, food se-
proaches. He is currently working with ICRAF curity and sustainable natural resource man-
as a development facilitator specializing in agement, then joined the Kenya Freedom from
partnerships and scaling up. Hunger Council as development officer for
food security, water and sanitation. In Febru-
ary 2005 he became executive director of the
Anthony Nyakuni National School Feeding Council of Kenya.
Extension Advisor, National Agricultural
Advisory Services (NAADS) Secretariat Okech John Odingo
Plot 39A Lumumba Avenue, Mukwasi House, Farmer, Kusa Community Development
Box 2 5235, Kampala, Uganda. Tel. +256 41 Society
345065, mobile 77874126, +256 41 347843, email
anyakuni@yahoo.com PO Box 110, Pap Onditi, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel.
+254 733 341496
Nyakuni holds a bachelor’s in agriculture and
has extensive field experience in soil and wa- Okech is a retired education officer. He has
ter management, agroforestry, sustainable worked with many development projects and
land management and participatory extension is a member of various voluntary organiza-
approaches. Since 2003 he has facilitated the tions. He takes a keen interest in farming ini-
integration of land management issues into tiatives.
NAADS. He has written books on extension
approaches and land resources. Wilfred Richard Odogola
Director, Agricultural Engineering Research,
Agricultural Engineering and Applied
Technology Research Institute
235
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Conservation Agriculture
PO Box 7144, Kampala, Uganda. Tel. +256 77 Benjamin Ojwang
220010, 041 566161, email aetri@starcom.co.ug
Illustrator and Graphic Designer
Odogola holds an MSc in agricultural engi-
neering from the Agricultural Mechanization PO Box 2290 KNH, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 720
and Electrification University, Rousse, Bul- 346983, email bennieojwang@yahoo.com
garia. He has 30 years of experience as a lec- Benjamin has a BA in design from the Univer-
turer and researcher on agricultural engineer- sity of Nairobi. He has worked as a designer
ing with the National Agricultural Research for Longman Kenya, East Africa Educational
Organisation (NARO) of Uganda. He has Publishers, and University of Nairobi Press.
worked with projects funded by the Ugandan He produces freehand and computer-generated
government, the World Bank, SIDA, DFID and scientific and technical art for publications.
other donors. Besides specializing in farm
power and mechanization, he has 8 years of
experience in post-harvest and rural energy Alfred Ombati
systems, and in water for agricultural produc-
tion. He has been involved in conservation Artist
agriculture since 2000. PO Box 64427-00600, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
723 350628, 721 420806, email
Alex Raymond Oduor aholiabsart@yahoo.com
Alfred is a freelance artist. He has worked for
Information Officer, Global Water Partner- EPZ (Ancheneyer), and has developed story
ship Associated Programme, RELMA in books for Ribena and Panadol. He is currently
ICRAF working with Cover Concept Ltd. as an illus-
World Agroforestry Centre , PO Box 30677, trator, as well as with IIRR. He does fine art,
Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224424, paintings, murals, portraits, book illustrations
7224000, fax +254 20 7224401, email and comics.
a.oduor@cgiar.org, internet www.searnet.org
Alex holds as MSc in water and environmental Kennedy Otieno
resources engineering from the UNESCO-IHE
Institute of Water Education in Delft, Nether- Farmer Field School Facilitator and Exten-
lands. As a research technologist with the sionist, Conservation Agriculture for
Swedish Agency for Research Co-operation Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Develop-
with Developing Countries (SAREC), he was ment project (CA-SARD)
in charge of the Steepland Research Station and PO Box 3, Siaya, Kenya. Tel. +254 721 735629,
the Soil and Water Laboratories of the Depart- email elizabethopole@yahoo.com
ment of Agricultural Engineering, University
of Nairobi between 1990 and 1998. He also Kennedy has been promoting conservation
served as a soil and water conservation officer agriculture in western Kenya since 1995. He
with the Ministry of Agriculture, Machakos learned farmer field school and conservation
District, Kenya, from 1984 to 1990. agriculture methods with FAO and FITCA(K).
He has promoted conservation agriculture as
a volunteer and has worked with various com-
Aileen Ogolla munity organizations on food security and the
environment. He is currently studying indig-
Communication and Administrator Officer, enous practices and cover crops.
World Agroforestry Centre
PO Box 30677-00100, United Nations Avenue, Marietha Owenya
Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224000 ext. 4108,
fax +254 20 7224001, email a.ogolla@cgiar.org, Principal Agricultural Field Officer I, Selian
internet www.worldagroforestrycentre.org Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)
Aileen holds an MA in communication. Before PO Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 744
joining the World Agroforestry Centre, she 829544, 272 503146, email
worked as a public relations officer and as a mariethaowenya@yahoo.co.uk
communications specialist with IIRR.
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14 Resources
Marietha works with SARI on on-farm socio- ment, on-farm testing and evaluation, and com-
economics and agronomy research. She is also munal manufacture and distribution. He is now
assistant national facilitator on conservation using his experience to enhance conservation
agriculture for sustainable development with agriculture technology in sub-Saharan Africa.
an FAO-supported project covering 30 farmer
field schools in Tanzania. Kurt Steiner
Motipi Ranthimo Independent Consultant in Land Manage-
ment
Pastor and Trainer in Conservation Agricul-
ture, Lesotho Evangelical Church Goethestr. 7, 69250 Schonau, Germany. Tel. +49
6228 8457, email kurtsteiner@t-online.de
Tsoelike LEC, PO Box Tsoelike 612, Qachas Nek,
Lesotho. Tel. +266 588 83670 Kurt has worked on agricultural research in
Africa since 1970, first in plant pathology and
Motipi studied theology at the Morija Semi- then plant breeding. Since 1980, he has worked
nary of the Lesotho Evangelical Church. He on smallholder farming systems, promoting
has been pastoring at Tsoelike Lesotho Evan- intercropping in West and East Africa. He has
gelical Church for the last 7 years. He has been introduced on-farm experimentation in re-
practising conservation agriculture for 3 years search and development projects in various
with support from FAO. countries. He has promoted sustainable soil
management and conservation tillage through-
Cecilia Ruben out the continent. He is co-founder of the Afri-
can Conservation Tillage Network.
Programme Development Manager, Stock-
holm Environment Institute (SEI) Gelson Tembo
Box 2142, 10314 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel. +46 8
412 1416, fax +46 8 723 0348, email Lecturer/Research Consultant, Department
cecilia.ruben@sei.se, internet www.sei.se, of Agricultural Economics and Extension
www.ecosanres.org Education, University of Zambia
Cecilia has an MSc in urban planning from PO Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia. Tel. +260
Columbia University, New York, and a Fil 1 295419, 97 445494, email tembogel@zamnet.zm
kand in cultural geography and political sci- Gelson holds a PhD in agricultural economics
ence from Stockholm University. She has been and statistics from Oklahoma State University
involved in international environment re- and a bachelor of agricultural sciences from
search and development cooperation since the University of Zambia. He has worked for
1971. Her work with the Stockholm Environ- the Dutch-funded Farming Systems Research
mental Institute focuses on policy development Team-Western Province project, and as an ag-
for sustainability, and especially on ecologi- ricultural economist for the Zambian govern-
cal sanitation. ment. He has conducted research on econom-
ics in Zambia and the USA, and has been in-
Brian Sims volved in various regional and international
missions, including for the United Nations,
Independent Consultant on Small Farm NEPAD, FAO and the African Conservation
Mechanization, Engineering for Develop- Tillage Network. He is currently part of a team
ment of designing a collaborative masters pro-
gramme in agricultural and applied econom-
3 Bourneside, Bedford, MK41 7EG, UK. Tel. +44 ics, involving 16 African universities.
1234 271699, 7966 155738, email
briangsims@aol.com
Melesse Temesgen
Brian has 30 years of experience of smallholder
farm mechanization development, especially Researcher, Agricultural Engineer, Ethiopian
in Latin America. He has focused on needs as- Agricultural Research Organization
sessment, participatory technology develop-
237
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Conservation Agriculture
PO Box 954, Nazareth, Ethiopia. Tel. +251 9 Other contributors
253409, +251 2 110566, fax +251 2 110566, email
melesse@ethionet.et The following contributed manuscripts but did
Melesse holds a BSc from Alemaya University not attend the writeshop.
and an MSc in agricultural engineering from
Newcastle University in the UK. He has been Patrick Akowua
researcher in Ethiopia for 16 years and is cur-
rently studying for his PhD on conservation Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Kumasi,
tillage in the Netherlands. Ghana. Email akowua963@yahoo.com
Jens Aune
Bernard Triomphe
University of Agriculture, Norway. Email
Researcher, Conservation Agriculture and jens.aune@umb.no, jensan@umb.no
Participatory Approaches, CIRAD
TA 60115, Av Agropolis 34398, Montpellier Elijah Biamah
Cedex 5, France. Tel. +33 4 67615614, fax +33 4
67614415, email bernard.triomphe@cirad.fr, Department of Environmental and Bio-systems
internet www.cirad.fr Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Email
biamahek@yahoo.com
Bernard is an agronomist with 20 years’ expe-
rience in farming and cropping systems re- Kofi Boa
search. During the past 15 years he has been
combining his interest in participatory ap- University of Science and Technology, Kumasi,
proaches with sustainable agriculture, conser- Ghana. Email kboa55@yahoo.co.uk
vation agriculture and cover crops, with direct
field experience in Latin America, and more Emmanuel Bobobee
recently in Africa.
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Bob Wagner University of Science and Technology, Kumasi,
Ghana
Editor
PO Box 76406, Nairobi 00580, Kenya. Tel. +254 Adrian Bolliger
20 2725297, email bobolink@iconnect.co.ke Department of Agricultural Sciences, Royal
Bob earned his MSc in dryland natural resource Veterinary and Agricultural University,
management with the Institute for Desert Re- Denmark. Email amb@kvl.dk
search, University of Beersheba, Israel. As re-
gional coordinator for the Arid Lands Infor- Roy Musonda Chiti
mation Network (1993 to 1999), he produced
the well-known Baobab magazine. Since then, Agriculture Support Programme, Zambia. Email
he has worked as a freelance writer and editor rmchiti@msn.com, chipaspftl@zamtel.zm
for several international organizations, with a
focus on documenting sustainable natural re- Cynthia Donovan
source management projects and practices. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan
State University, USA. Email donovanc@msu.edu
Carl-Fredrik von Essen
Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of
Agriculture, Sweden
Heluf Gebrekidan
Alemaya University, Ethiopia. Email
helufgebrekidan@yahoo.com
238
14resources.pmd 238 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM
14 Resources
Bekurestision Habte Joseph Gichane Mureithi
Ghebremdhin Legume Research Network Project, Kenya
Ministry of Agriculture, Eritrea. Email Agricultural Research Institute, Kenya. Email
bekuretsionh@moa.gov.er jmureithi@africaonline.co.ke
Patrick Gicheru Kithinji Mutunga
Kenya Soil Survey, Kenya. Email Soil and Water Conservation Branch, Ministry of
kss@iconnect.co.ke Agriculture, Kenya. Email
k.mutunga@nalep.co.ke
Daniel Glounaho Vasey Mwaja
Agence Nationale d’Appui au Développement
Rural, Côte d’Ivoire. Email Bayer East Africa Ltd., Kenya. Email
d.glounaho@anader.or.ci vmwaja@bayerea.com
Steven Haggblade Krishna Naudin
International Food Policy Research Institute, CIRAD/ESA Project, Cameroon. Email
USA. Email s.haggblade@cgiar.org naudin@cirad.fr, krishna.naudin@sodecoton.cm
Peter Hobbs Jens Nolin
Cornell University, USA. Email Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of
ph14@cornell.edu Agriculture, Sweden
Olivier Husson Ambrose Nzabi
CIRAD, Madagascar. Email gsdm.@wanadoo.mg, KARI, Kisii, Kenya
olivier.husson@cirad.fr
Brian Oldreive
Alex Lwakuba Agriway, Zimbabwe. Email
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and agriway@mweb.co.zw, brian@farming-gods-
Fisheries, Uganda. Email psmaaif@infocom.co.ug way.org
or alwakuba@yahoo.com
Walter de Oliveira
Catherine Maguzu Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural
RECODA, Tanzania. Email recodatz@yahoo.co.uk Development, Kosovo. Email deoliveiraw@sass-
iak.org, wde_oliveira@yahoo.com
Fares Mahuha Dominick Ringo
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security,
Tanzania RECODA, Tanzania. Email recodatz@yahoo.co.uk
B.B. Mishra Johan Rockström
Alemaya University, Ethiopia. Email Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden. Email
bbm_soil_2003@yahoo.com, bbm_soil@freemail.et Johan.Rockstrom@sei.se
John E. Morrison, Jr
University of Tennessee, USA. Email
morrison@mounet.com
239
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Conservation Agriculture
Resource organizations and websites
Africa-wide Regional Land Management Unit
(RELMA in ICRAF)
Africa Conservation Tillage World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF House, UN
(ACT) Network Avenue, PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Tel. +254 20 524400, 524418, fax +254 20
Zimbabwe office: No. 9 Balmoral Road, 524401, 524001, email relma@cgiar.org, internet
Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4 www.relma.org
882107, fax +263 4 885596, email
actnetwork@africaonline.co.zw, internet Supports small-scale farm production manage-
www.act.org.zw. Contact: Martin Bwalya, ment (including conservation agriculture), ca-
Coordinator pacity building, information and documenta-
tion, gender, environmental concerns, poverty
Kenya office: PO Box 14733 00800, Westlands, reduction and efforts to combat HIV/AIDS.
Nairobi, Kenya. Email actnairobi@wananchi.com
Promotes and facilitates sharing of informa- Winrock International
tion and experiences on conservation farming
principles and practices in Africa. ONFARM, BP E 457, Bamako, Mali. Tel. +223
293880, fax +223 292281, email
Animal Traction Network for nhanssens@winrock-mali.org, internet
www.winrock.org. Contact: Neils Hanssens, West
Eastern and Southern Africa Africa Coordinator
(ATNESA) Conservation Tillage Project (Senegal, Mali
www.atnesa.org and Cote d’Ivoire); On-Farm Agriculture Re-
sources Management (ONFARM) Program
Access to over 700 documents, many of rel-
evance to conservation agriculture.
CropLife Africa Middle East Burkina Faso
www.croplifeafrica.org Institut de l’environnement et de
Represents manufacturers and distributors of recherches agricoles (INERA)
crop protection products (pesticides), seeds and
biotechnology products in Africa and the Mid- Station de Koudougou, BP 10 Koudougou,
dle East. Burkina Faso. Tel. +226 5044 65 10, 76 59 06 40,
email altbarro@yahoo.fr. Contact: Albert Barro
Ecoport Station de Farako-ba, 01 BP 910, Bobo-Dioulasso
01, Burkina Faso. Tel. +226 70264719,  email
http://ecoport.org soul_oueder@hotmail.com, osilamana@yahoo.fr.
An important database for conservation agri- Contact: Souleymane Ouédraogo
culture practitioners and others.
Green Water Harvesting Network
Contact: Maimbo Malesu, m.malesu@cgiar.org
Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia.
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14 Resources
Cameroon Ethiopia
Bimbia Bonadikombo Natural Mekelle University
Resource Management Council Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box
(BBNRMC) 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Tel. +251 4 41 09
69, 40 75 00, fax +251 4 41 09 69. Contact:
Tel. +237 935 62 50, email kjerry87@yahoo.com. Fisseha Meresa, fishmere@yahoo.com,
Contact: Jerome Bekoh Keji fishmere@mu.edu.et
Cotton Development Company Adaptation of maresha ploughs.
(SODECOTON)
PO Box 302, Garoua, Cameroon. Tel. +237 983 Ghana
3881, email projet.esa@sodecoton.cn. Contact:
Abdoulaye Abou Abba, Head officer, Soil
Management Division Ministry of Food and Agriculture,
Soil conservation and water harvesting project Crop Services Directorate
monitored by Sodecoton and implementing
field activities, training on soil conservation, PO Box M 37, Accra, Ghana. Tel. +233 21
water harvesting and implementation of con- 665066, email cropserv@ghana.com Contact: J.K.
servation agriculture. Poku
Conservation agriculture included in work
Institute of Agricultural Research programme.
for Development (IRAD)
PO Box 33, Maroua, Cameroon. Tel. +237 292640,
fax +237 292640. Contact: Oin Noé Guinea
National research institute which works on
conservation agriculture. Centre de Recherches
Agronomique de Bordo (CRAB)
IRAG, BP 352, Kankan, Guinée. Tel. +224 11 58 42
Chad 76, email kourouma_makan@yahoo.fr. Contact:
Makan Kourouma
Institut Tchadien de Recherche
Agronomique pour le
Développement (ITRAD) Kenya
Programme Gestion des Ressources Naturelles, Consortium for Scaling up
ITRAD, BP5400, NDjaména, Chad. Tel. +235
520073, email itrad@intnet.td Contact: Michel Options for Increased Farm
Naitormbaide, tel. +235 29 87 66, email Productivity in Western Kenya
naitormbaide_michel@yahoo.fr, (COSOFAP)
damienhh@yahoo.fr.
PO Box 25199, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 057
351163/64, fax +254 057 2021234, email
icrafksm@cgiar.org, internet www.ugunja.org/
cosofap/
Training and provision of starter seeds for
cover crops and fertilizer trees.
241
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Conservation Agriculture
International Maize and Wheat National School Feeding
Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Council of Kenya
PO Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi PO Box 49772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254
Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224600/05, fax +254 20 20 608960, email nsfck@yahoo.com
7224601, internet www.cimmyt.org. Contact:
Fred Kanampiu, fkanampiu@cgiar.org Community-based school feeding programme
involves training and facilitating schools and
The project “Conservation agriculture promo- communities around them to produce food
tion in smallholder agriculture” is imple- towards school feeding, implemented in
mented in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Maragwa, Bondo and Thika districts. Conser-
Tanzania. It promotes farmer-to-farmer adop- vation agriculture components introduced in
tion of proven conservation agriculture tech- Maragwa District.
nologies and practices.
Triple W Engineering Ltd.
Kenya Agriculture Research
Institute (KARI) PO Box 176, Naro Moru 10105, Kenya. Tel. +254
62 62255, fax +254 62 62272. Contact: T.B.
PO Box 57811, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 2 Muckle, muckle@africaonline.co.ke
583301–20, email jwwamuongo@kari.org. Design and development of hand/animal-
Contact: Jane Wamuongo or Joseph Mutua drawn conservation agriculture equipment for
Operating within the Kenya Conservation Till- oxen, donkeys and camels. All equipment can
age Initiative (KCTI) in Kenya’s subtropical be made by artisans with simple facilities us-
and semi-arid environments. ing locally available raw materials. Training
of artisans, production of manuals, and design
of light equipment suitable for women and
Kenya Network for Draught young people.
Animal Technology (KENDAT)
PO Box 2859, 00200, City Square, Nairobi,
Kenya. Tel./fax+254 20 6766939, email Madagascar
kendat@africaonline.co.ke, internet
www.atnesa.org/kendat/ Contact: Pascal
Kaumbutho Groupement Semis Direct
Partner (with the Ministry of Agriculture, Madagascar
RELMA, KARI, and the University of Nairobi) BP 6039, Ambanidia, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
in the Kenya Conservation Tillage Initiative. Tel. +261 20 22 27 627, email gsdm@wanadoo.mg,
Pilot trials of conservation agriculture, train- internet www.cirad.mg/fr/scv.php,
ing of farmers and animals, training in han- www.agroecologie.cirad.fr
dling equipment, field-days, key-stakeholder
exposure and media campaigns, and manufac-
ture and marketing of conservation tillage
equipment. South Africa
Kenya Youth Foundation Agricultural Resource
PO Box 1894,00200 Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 Consultants
550278, email kyf3@hotmail.com,
kenya@youthlink.org. Contact: Bernard Luta PO Box 3474, Parklands 2121, South Africa. Tel.
+27 486 2254, +27 486 2274, email
Rural Youth Livelihood Programme in agrecon@pixie.co.za. Contact: Jim Findlay
Nyando District, Nyanza Province, involves
training of youths on sustainable agriculture, Expertise in conservation agriculture through-
income generation, and support services to the out Africa, and in registration and legislation
agricultural sector in Nyando. of crop protection products.
242
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14 Resources
Department of Agriculture, Farmers in eastern South Africa who meet regu-
Western Cape larly with one another, universities, research-
ers, advisers and manufacturers to promote
Tel. +27 21 808 5340, fax +27 21 808 5370, email conservation agriculture.
andrer@elsenburg.com. Contact: Andre Roux
Agricultural research, advisory services and
planter modification, especially for farmers Tanzania
who grow wheat and vegetables using conser-
vation agriculture in Western Cape.
Agricultural Research Institute
Grain Crops Institute Uyole
Agricultural Research Council of South Africa PO Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania. Tel. +255 25
(ARC-GCI), Private Bag X 9029, 2510062, 2510363, fax +255 25 2510065, email
Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa. Tel. +27 33 uyole@ud.co.tz, internet www.drd.mafs.go.tz.
3559410, fax +27 33 3559518, email Contact: Saidi Mkomwa, Team Leader
rmfowler@iafrica.com. Contact: Richard Fowler Seed supply and advisory services (pests, dis-
Promotion and advice on adoption of conser- eases and management) of cover crops. Train-
vation agriculture in southern Africa. ing services on conservation agriculture equip-
ment and practices.
Institute for Soil, Climate & Water
Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Agricultural Research Council of South Africa
(ARC-ISCW), Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Security
Africa. Tel. +27 12 310 2500, fax  +27 12 323 PO Box 4192, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Tel. +255
1157, email DjBeukes@arc.agric.za   or 22 2862003, +255 744 373395, fax +255 22
Hjsmith@arc.agric.za. Contact:  Danie Beukes or 2862077, 2862003. Contact: R.M. Shetto,
Hendrik Smith Assistant Director, mshetto@yahoo.co.uk
Research and advice on principles and prac- Technical training services for farmers, farmer-
tices of conservation agriculture and the es- farmer trainers and extension agents in mecha-
tablishment of action research-based conser- nization, including conservation agriculture.
vation agriculture projects, especially among Facilitation of mechanization input supply
small-scale and emerging farmers. through policy adjustments, credit guarantees
for farmers, stockists and manufacturers. Net-
Small Grains Institute working of stakeholders and dissemination of
information on conservation agriculture and
Agricultural Research Council of South Africa general agricultural mechanization.
(ARC-SGI), Bethlehem, Free State Province,
South Africa. Tel. +27 58 307 3400, fax +27 58
307 3519, email KilianW@arc.agric.za  or Selian Agricultural Research
TolmayJ@arc.agric.za. Contact:   Willem Killian or Institute (SARI)
John Tolmay PO Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 27250
Research and advice on practice of conserva- 3883, fax +255 27 250 3971, mobile +255 748
tion agriculture, especially by dryland wheat 403921, email wlmariki@sari.co.tz,
farmers. wlmariki@yahoo.com, internet
www.drd.mafs.go.tz/northern.htm. Contact: Ali
No-Till Club of KwaZulu-Natal Bwana or Wilfred Mariki (CA-SARD Facilitator)
Cover crop seed supply and advisory services
PO Box 1052, Howick 3290, South Africa. Tel. (pests diseases and management) of cover
+27 33 239 1807, fax  +27 33 330 6981, email crops. Training and advice on conservation ag-
robin.d@absamail.co.za. Contact: Robin Denny riculture equipment and practices; advice on
extension methodologies such as farmer field
schools and farmer-to-farmer exchange visits.
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Conservation Agriculture
Uganda The conservation farming unit has been de-
veloping and promoting the adoption of the
conservation tillage and conservation agricul-
Agricultural Engineering and ture technologies with small scale farmers
Applied Technology Research through training; publication of materials to
Institute be used, trials and field days.
PO Box 7144, Kampala, Uganda. Tel. +256 41 Golden Valley Agriculture
566161, +256 77 220010, email
aeatri@starcom.co.ug Research Trust
Research and adaptation of conservation agri- PO Box 50834, Lusaka, Zambia. Tel. +260 1
culture, with focus on conservation agriculture 265455, fax +260 1 264781, email
equipment. Training on conservation agricul- paagaard@zamnet.zm. Contact: Peter Aagaard,
ture for farmers, extensionists and rural arti- Research trials on conservation farming and
sans. Links with private sector manufacturers conservation agriculture.
and academia.
National Agricultural Advisory
Services (NAADS) Zimbabwe
NAADS Secretariat, Plot 39A, Lumumba Agricultural Research and
Avenue, PO Box 25235, Kampala, Uganda. Tel.
+256 41 345065, +256 77874126, fax +256 41 Extension Services (AREX)
347843 PO Box 8117, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel.
+263 4 707311/794601, fax. +263 4 730525
National Agricultural Research Research and extension services on a national
Organization (NARO) scale. Previously known as AGRITEX.
PO Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda. Tel. +256 041
320512 University of Zimbabwe
Coordination of research on conservation ag- Dept. of Soil Science, PO Box MP 167, Mount
riculture, including cover crops, tools and im- Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4 339191,
plements, soil and water management and fer- email chuma@africaonline.co.zw, Contact: Edward
tility issues. Chuma
Zambia Outside Africa
Agriculture Support Programme Alternative Farming Systems
(ASP) Information Center
PO Box 510091, Chipata, Zambia. Tel. +260 62 www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/
21284, 21379, email scafe@zamnet.zm,
scafeast@zamnet.zm. Contact: R.K. Shula Provides access to information on alternative
cropping systems, including conservation ag-
riculture.
Conservation Farming Unit,
Zambia National Farmers Union
PO Box 30395, Lusaka, Zambia. Tel. +260 1
210112, 264781, 265455, fax +260 1 264781,
Contact: Dutch Gibson, email gibcoll@zamnet.zm
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14 Resources
Confederation of American Cornell University-CIIFAD
Associations for the Production http://mulch.mannlib.cornell.edu/CAwebsite/
of Sustainable Agriculture Useful information and resources related to
(CAAPAS) conservation agriculture.
Email sdrob@idi.com.ar, internet
www.caapas.org. Contact: Roberto A. Peiretti, Cover Crops International
President Clearinghouse (CIDICCO)
Center for Cover Crops http://cidicco.hn/newcidiccoenglish/
Information and Seed Exchange
in Africa (CIEPCA) CropLife International
143 Avenue Louise, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
http://ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu/mba_project/ Tel. +32 2 542 04 10, fax +32 2 542 04 19, email
CIEPCA/home.html croplife@croplife.org, internet www.croplife.org
Centre de coopération Global federation representing the plant sci-
ence industry. It represents a network of re-
Internationale en Recherche gional and national associations in over 90
Agronomique pour le countries and is led by companies such as
Développement (CIRAD) BASF, Bayer CropScience, Dow AgroSciences,
DuPont, FMC, Monsanto, Sumitomo and
TA 74/09, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Syngenta.
Cedex 5, France. Email agroeco@cirad.fr, internet
http://agroecologie.cirad.fr (French), http:// European Conservation
agroecologie.cirad.fr/index.php?rubrique
=accueil&langue=en (English). Contact: Agriculture Federation (ECAF)
Christine Casino CIFA Alameda del Obispo, Avda Menéndez Pidal,
For Eastern and Southern Africa: c/o ICRAF, UN s/n, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain. Tel./fax
Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, +34 957 760797, email
Kenya. Tel. +254 20 722 46 52. Contact: Denis conservation.agriculture@ecaf.org, internet
Depommier, denis.depommier@cgiar.org www.ecaf.org
For West Africa: 5, Av. Kennedy, 01 BP 596,
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Tel. +226 50 30 70 Federação Brasileira de Plantio
70. Contact: Jacques Pages, Direto na Palha
Jacques.pages@cirad.fr
Rua 7 de Setembro, 800 - sala – 201, CEP 84.010-
Development of conservation agriculture- 350, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Tel./fax +55 42
based cropping systems and rotations. Envi- 223 9107, email febrapdp@uol.com.br, internet
ronmental and socioeconomic impact of con- www.febrapdp.org.br
servation agriculture systems. Participatory in-
novation development. Case studies on con-
servation agriculture adaptation and adoption. Food and Agriculture
Training of researchers and extension officers. Organization of the United
Partnerships with donors, national institutions Nations (FAO)
and private sector to develop and implement
pilot conservation agriculture projects and pro- Farm Power and Equipment Group, Conservation
grammes. Agriculture, Viale Delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome
00100, Italy. Tel. +39 06 57053334, 57052612,
email agst-mail@fao.org, internet www.fao.org/ag/
ags/subjects/en/farmpower, www.fao.org/ag/ags/
AGSE/Main.htm,
245
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Conservation Agriculture
Intensifying crop production with conservation Third World Congress (Nairobi, 2005):
agriculture, www.fao.org/ag/ags/AGSE/agse_e/ www.act.org.zw/congress/index.htm
general/CONT1.htm Major international conference on conserva-
Land and water development division, tion agriculture, held every 2 years. Papers
www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/prtcons.stm available online.
Supports and promotes conservation agricul-
ture worldwide. FAO’s “Telefood programme” World Overview of Conservation
provides small grants to farmers groups that Approaches and Technologies
could be used for cover crop seeds or imple-
ments for conservation agriculture. For more (WOCAT)
information, contact your FAO country office. www.wocat.net, email wocat@giub.unibe.ch
German Agency for Technical Database on soil and water conservation, in-
cluding examples of conservation agriculture.
Cooperation (GTZ)
PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany. Tel.
+49 6196 790, internet, www.gtz.de/conserva-
tion-tillage
Agriculture sector support and food security
programmes.
Land Resources Management,
World Bank
http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/
11ByDocName/
TopicsLandResourcesManagement
LEISA
PO Box 64, 3830 AB Leusden, Netherlands. Email
ileia@ileia.nl, website www.leisa.info
Magazine on low external input and sustain-
able agriculture
LEXSYS: Legume Expert
SYStem
www.iita.org/research/lexsys.htm.
Cover crop database has information on leg-
umes, agroecological zones, plant characteris-
tics, etc.
World Congress on
Conservation Agriculture
First World Congress (Madrid, 2001):
www.ecaf.org/Congress/Latest_news.htm
Second World Congress (Iguaçu, Brazil, 2003):
www.febrapdp.org.br/event.htm
246
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14 Resources
Equipment manufacturers
Many of these manufacturers also provide Triton Máquinas Agrícolas Ltda
training and advice on conservation agricul-
ture equipment Rua Dois Irmãos 263, Centro, Caixa Postal 31,
CEP 89.609-000, Luzerna, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Tel./fax +55 49 523 1144, email
triton@tritonmaquinas.com.br, internet
Brazil www.tritonmaquinas.com.br
See also www.fao.org/ag/AGS/agse/planters.htm
Fitarelli Máquinas Agrícolas Kenya
Ltda.
Lolli
Rua Etelvino Pes. 30, Bairro Industrial, Aratiba,
RS, CEP 9970-000, Brazil. Tel./fax +55 54 376 PO Box 63514-00619, Outer Ring Road, next to
1198, email fitarelli@fitarelli.com.br, internet Hardi, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel +254 20 860782,
www.fitarelli.com.br 802060, fax +254 20 860260
IADEL Máquinas e Implementos Sametract
Ltda Bambur Road, Industrial Area, Nairobi. Tel. +254
Rua Dona Ana 883, Centro Dona Emma, Santa 20 533081, 533446, 537019, fax +254 20 551475
Catarina, CEP 89155-000, Brazil. Fax +55 47 364
042 Techno Plast
Indústria Knapik Nairobi. Tel. +254 20 551771
Rua Pref. Alfredo Metzler, 480, Bairro Santa Rosa Triple W Engineering Ltd
CEP 89400-000, Brazil. Tel. +55 42 522 1819, fax
42 522 2789, email knapik@knapik.com.br, PO Box 176, Naro Moru 10105, Kenya. Tel. +254
internet www.knapik.com.br 62 62255, fax +254 62 62272. Contact: T.B.
Muckle, muckle@africaonline.co.ke
Jahnel Indústria e Comércio de See description under Resource organizations and
Implementos Agrícolas Ltda. websites
Rua Benjamin Constant 636, Cuna Porã, Santa
Catarina, CEP 89890-000, Brazil. Tel. +55 49 646
0587, email jahnel@cpnet.com.br South Africa
Máquinas Agrícolas Jacto SA Afritrac Ltd
Rua Dr. Luiz Miranda 1650, PO Box 35, 17580- South Africa. Tel. +27 11 918 5983 fax +27 11
000 Pompéia, SP, Brazil. Tel. +55 14 3405 2100, 918 0310, email mike@afritrac.co.za, internet
fax + 55 14 3452 1306, email jacto@jacto.com.br, www.afritrac.co.za. Contact: Mike McMaster
internet www.jacto.com.br
Manufacturers and distributors of “Mealie
Knapsack sprayers adapted to hand-pulled Brand” animal and tractor-drawn planters and
machines. other equipment suited for use by small scale
conservation agriculture farmers.
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Conservation Agriculture
Northmec/CSE Zambia
PO Box 851, Isando 1600, South Africa. Tel. +27
11 974 2501, 82 896 5236, fax +27 11 392 2889, Zamwipe
email stefs@northmec.co.za, internet
www.cse.co.za. Contact: Steph Strydom c/o Fedex, Nangwenya Road, Rhodes Park,
Lusaka, Zambia, or PO Box 44, Fringilla, Lusaka,
South African representatives of Case, Baldan, Zambia. Tel. +260 1 264281, +260 1 230112,
Fitarelli, Jacto and other locally manufactured email zamwipe@zamnet.zm, gibcoll@zamnet.zm.
and imported agricultural machinery for con- Contact: Dutch Gibson
servation agriculture farmers, large and small.
Tanzania Zimbabwe
Nandra Engineering Works Mealie Brand
39 Steelworks Road, Steeldale, PO Box 1059,
Nguvu Kazi Area, Sukari Road, PO Box 304, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 9 887989,
Moshi, Tanzania. Tel. +255 27 51542, fax +255 27 880667 or 71363/4/5, fax 71365. General
50575, email nandra@eoltz.com. Contact: Frank information: mdsec@zimplow.co.zw, sales:
Alfred Lesiriam (Managing Director) sales@zimplow.co.zw, internet
Animal-drawn rippers and subsoilers, spare www.zimplow.co.zw
parts for rippers and tractors, piloting the
manufacture of hand jab-planters and no-till- Hastt
age equipment. Also maize mills, hullers,
grain storage tanks, cookers, water tanks. PO Box 2356, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4
620321–7, fax +263 4 620371. Enquiries:
SEAZ Agricultural Equipment Ltd enquiries@hastt.co.zw, sales: sales@hastt.co.zw,
internet www.hastt.co.zw
PO Box 2607, Mbeya, Tanzania. Tel. +255 744 Equipment development, manufacture and
399599, fax +255 25 2502121, email supply for conservation agriculture. Manufac-
seaz@yahoo.co.uk. Contact: Vasimbile Sinde tures and supplies rippers and planters for
minimum and zero tillage. Product range cov-
ers tractor-mounted, animal-drawn and hand-
Uganda operated equipment.
Soroti Agricultural Implements
and Machinery Manufacturing
Company (SAIMMCO)
Cementry Road, Soroti, Uganda. Tel. +256 45
61361, fax +256 45 61361, email
saimmco.soroti@alam-group.com, internet
www.alam-group.com/saimmco.html
Manufactures tools and implements for agri-
cultural production and processing. Particu-
larly strong in the manufacture of draft ani-
mal power implements. Participated in the
field introduction of conservation agriculture
in Uganda, and makes implements such as in-
cluding rippers, subsoilers, no-till planter and
manually operated sprayers.
248
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14 Resources
Resource materials
The following websites have a wide range of Publications
information and downloadable documents on
conservation agriculture. See the Organizations African Conservation Tillage Network.
and websites section above for more informa- Information series. www.act.org.zw/
tion: infoseries.html
ACT, www.act.org.zw Series covers various aspects of conserva-
ATNESA, www.atnesa.org tion agriculture.
CIRAD, http://agroecologie.cirad.fr Ashburner, J., T. Friedrich and J. Benites.
2002. Opportunities and constraints for
FAO, www.fao.org/ag/ags/AGSE/ conservation agriculture in Africa. LEISA
Main.htm 18(3):13–14.
GTZ, www.gtz.de/conservation-tillage Bishop-Sambrook, C., J. Kienzle, W. Mariki,
Relma in ICRAF, www.relma.org M. Owenya and F. Ribeiro. 2004. Conser-
vation agriculture as a labour saving practice
for vulnerable households. Study report.
IFAD and FAO, Rome, Italy. 80 pp.
CD-ROMs www.fao.org/ag/ags/programmes/en/
enhance/FAO_IFAD_CA_Tanzania.pdf
CropLife International. 2004. Conservation Study of reduced tillage practices and
technologies for sustainable agriculture. CD- cover crops for households under labour
ROM. CropLife International, Brussels. stress in Babati and Karatu Districts in
Obtainable from Keith Jones, Northern Tanzania.
keith@croplife.org
Buckles, D. , A. Etèka, O. Osiname, M.
Presentations from a workshop at the Galiba and N. Galiano (eds). 1998. Cover
2004 International Weed Science Con- crops in West Africa: Contributing to
gress in South Africa. Presentations from sustainable agriculture/Plantes de couverture
FAO, the World Bank, the Kenya Agricul- en Afrique de l’Ouest: Une contribution à
tural Research Institute, the International l’agriculture durable. International Devel-
Crops Research Institute for the Semi- opment Research Centre, International
Arid Tropics; Sasakawa Global 2000, as Institute of Tropical Agriculture and
well as Bayer CropScience, Monsanto, Sasakawa Global 2000. http://
Dow AgroSciences, and several others. web.idrc.ca/en/ev-9393-201-1-
FAO. 2004. Conservation of natural resources for DO_TOPIC.html
sustainable agriculture: training modules. Calegari, A., J. Ashburner, and R. Fowler.
Land and Water Digital Media Series no. 2005. Conservation agriculture in Africa.
27, FAO, Rome. ISBN 9988-627-04-1. FAO, Rome, Italy.
CD-ROM with training materials. 98p. (in press)
Introduction to conservation agriculture; CIDICCO, IITA, and Judson College. 2002.
modules on soil, agronomy, mechaniza- Food and feed from mucuna: Current uses
tion, pest control, economics, etc.). Useful and the way forward. Proceedings of an
for training. international workshop. CIDICCO (Interna-
tional Cover Crops Clearinghouse),
CIEPCA (Center for Information and
Seed Exchange in Africa)-IITA (Interna-
tional Institute of Tropical Agriculture),
and World Hunger Research
249
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Conservation Agriculture
Center, Judson College. www.cidicco.hn/ Good academic synthesis of conservation
newcidiccoenglish/ agriculture.
food_and_feed_from_mucuna.htm FAO. 2000. Manual on integrated soil
Conservation Farming Unit. 1997. Conserva- management and conservation practices.
tion farming handbook for small holders in FAO Land and Water Bulletin 8, FAO,
Regions I & II. Conservation Farming Rome.
Unit, FAO, Lusaka. www.fao.org/ag/
AGS/AGSE/agse_e/3ero/cases1c.htm FAO. 2001. Conservation agriculture: Case
studies in Latin America and Africa. FAO
Critchley, W., K. Siegert and C. Chapman. Soils Bulletin 78. ISBN 92-5-104625-5. FAO,
1991. Water harvesting techniques: A manual Rome. 69p.
for the design and construction of water
harvesting schemes for plant production. FAO. 2004. Pesticide safety and application
FAO, Rome. www.fao.org/docrep/ equipment: Sprayer operator pocket book.
U3160E/u3160e07.htm Agricultural and Food Engineering
Technology Service, FAO, Rome.
CropLife International. 2005 (forthcoming).
Conservation technologies and the plant Groupement Semis Direct Madagascar.
science industry: Managing natural resources Undated. Le semis direct sur couverture
sustainably. CropLife International, végétale permanente: Enjeux et potential pour
Brussels. une agriculture durable à Madagascar.
Groupement Semis Direct Madagascar,
Case studies from around the world Antananarivo.
showing how the plant science industry
is increasing its emphasis on conserva- Haggblade, S. and G.. Tembo. 2003. Conser-
tion technologies. Draft at vation farming in Zambia. IFPRI and
www.croplife.org/conservationtech MSU, EPTD discussion paper 108, Washing-
ton DC.
Dobson, H., G. Matthews, T. Wiles, and P.
Baleguel Nkot. 2004. Pesticide safety and Case study of conservation agriculture in
application equipment, sprayer operator pocket Zambia.
book. FAO, Rome. Hercilio de Freitas, V. 2000. Soil manage-
Training and reference pocket book, ment and conservation for small farms:
available in English, French and Spanish. Strategies and methods of introduction,
technologies and equipment. Experiences
Dobson, H., G. Matthews, T. Wiles, and P. from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Baleguel Nkot. 2004. Hints on pesticide use, FAO Soils Bulletin 77, FAO, Rome.
Hints on spraying, calibration of LK sprayers.
Set of three posters. Yaounde Inititative, Jonsson, L.-O., E. Mawenya and J.
FAO, Rome. Rockström. Conservation tillage I:
Management practices for animal-drawn
Posters with pictograms and simple text systems in Tanzania, Working Paper 16.
to assist in sprayer training. Useful for RELMA, 2003.
sprayer training and as a reminder for
participants. Jonsson, L-O. Conservation tillage II:
Handling and care of drought animals
Ekboir, J., K. Boa, and A.A. Dankyi. 2002. under Tanzanian conditions, Working
Impact of no-till technologies in Ghana. Paper 17. RELMA, 2003.
Economic Program Paper 02-01, CIMMYT,
Mexico DF. Landers, J. 2001. Zero tillage development in
tropical Brazil: The story of a successful
Case study of conservation agriculture in NGO activity. FAO Agricultural Services
Ghana. Bulletin 147. ISBN 92-5-104672-7. FAO,
Erenstein, O. 2003. Smallholder conservation Rome. 144p.
farming in the tropics and sub-tropics: A Liniger, H.P., and W. Critchley (forthcoming
guide to the development and dissemina- 2005). Local responses to global land
tion of mulching with crop residues and degradation: Exchange of knowledge for
cover crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Sustainable Land Management Centre for
Environment 100:17–37.
250
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14 Resources
Development and Environment (CDE), Technical manual on soil and water
United Nations Environment Programme conservation.
(UNEP). Van der Merwe, G.M.E., R.O. Barnard, and
Global overview book with over 30 case D.J. Pretorius. 2004. Overview of conserva-
studies. tion approaches and technologies in South
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Africa. Department of Agriculture and
2000. Tanzania soil fertility initiative. Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria.
Ministry of Agriculture and Coopera- ZNFU. 2003. Conservation farming in Zambia.
tives, Tanzania. ISBN 9982-52-005-9. ZNFU, Lusaka,
Discussion on soil fertility and related Zambia. 46p.
policy issues. ZNFU CFU. 2002. Defeating weeds with the
Mutunga, K., and W. Critchley. 2001. Zamwipe. Zambia National Farmers’
Farmers’ initiatives in land husbandry. Union, Conservation Farming Unit,
Regional Land Management Unit Lusaka.
(RELMA), Nairobi. How to use the Zamwipe weed wiper to
Farmers’ innovations in sustainable control weeds.
agriculture.
Naudin, K., and B. Oumarou. 2002–04.
Raports de synthese campagne. ESA/ Videos
SODECOTON, Garoua Cameroun.
Annual report of activities. Critchley, W. 1991. Looking after our land.
International Institute for Environment
Pieri, C., G. Evers, J. Landers, P. O’Connell, and Development, Oxford and London.
and E. Terry. 2002. No-till farming for Book and video comparing soil and
sustainable rural development. Agricul- water conservation in West and East
ture & Rural Development Paper, IBRD, Africa.
Washington, DC. 65p.
Monsanto Central Africa Inc. Growing
Pieri, C., G. Evers, J. Landers, P. O’Connell, together: Conservation tillage in Africa.
and E. Terry. 2002. A road map from Video on how partnerships are providing
conventional to no-till farming. Agricul- solutions needed to empower small-scale
ture & Rural Development Paper, IBRD, farmer.
Washington, DC. 20p.
Seguy, L., S. Bouzinac, and A.C. Maronezzi.
2001. Systèmes de culture et dynamique de la
matière organique. CIRAD-CA, Agronorte
Pesquisas, Groupe Maeda, ONG TAFA/
FOFIFA/ANAE. http://
agroecologie.cirad.fr/pdf/dosscv.pdf
Shaxson, F. 1999. New concepts and ap-
proaches to land management in the
tropics with emphasis on steeplands.
FAO Soils Bulletin 75. ISBN 92-5-104318-1.
FAO, Rome. 125p.
Shaxson, F. and R. Barber. 2003. Optimizing
soil moisture for plant production: The
significance of soil porosity. FAO Soils
Bulletin 79, FAO, Rome.
Thomas, D. 1997. Soil and water conservation
manual for Kenya. Ministry of Agriculture,
Nairobi.
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