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11131豆豆iika、內，uul rk fL f卜hL1
、
nu r1
、
1986 囊。v1ew
Farm1ng Sy8~em8 and look Phoaphate 
IFDC/CIAT 3-P輛轟轟-011 叫
Prosra聽I且 ternalCIAT 
Projeot General ot v Phaae 
.. 
FBRTILIZ軍RSPHOSP器.A.TEUTIL1ZAT10幫 OFBFFICIEHT 
(一A 叫心 • 
/ 
\L e fli'",: 
SUB-TROP1CS 轟萬DTROPICS TH囂OF SOILS ACID 1N 
{f iJ九月下去CA
627 ,1 日
法懿
PROJ當CT
Jl BPO Jl T 
P器OSPHAT囂
ANHU .A.L 
IFDC/CIAT 
1 警車7January 
• 
TROPIC轟L.A. GRICULT草RADE 
C010觀bia
INTERNACION轟L
Ca11 , 
CENTJl O 
• 
Table ot Co器t.en t.8
Page 
草草TlI ODUCTIO輯. • .. " " " • ,. " • • • • " • • • • • • • ,. • • • • ,. • ,. • • • • • • • •• 1 
B且CICGROU蠶D • • • • • • • .'. • • • • • • • ,. • ,. • • ,. • • • • ,. • • • • " " • • .. ,. • •• 2 
F章。JEC宮 ACTI曹1Tt!S...".........."."..".""""."..". "每
Po t.en t.1al U8e ot Dome8 t.10 P Re8erves......... • 
孟gronom1o and Eoon。輯10 Eva1祖at1on............ 8 
揖e8earoh 1n t.he 8001a1 801en088..............25 
La t. 1n Aaerloan Ph08pha t. e Network.............30 
轟PP IUiDII 1 
• 
PIOGRESS REPORT 1986 
Fara1n轟 Sy8telll8 and 章。ok Pho8phate 
(IFDC/CI轟實) 3-P-車跑-01' 為
Teobn1oal and Eo岱益。11110 Opt1o聽聽 。f Pho8phate心 Rook
Ut 1l 1攝像 t10n for Andean Zone 主gr10祖 lture
I IfT IODUCTIOJl 
Th1a projeot , apon8ored by ~DRC of Cana垂a龜， 1a de .s1 s;ned 
to aeek ae龜囂 a of br1ns1ng1nd1車@誼。盟， 祖臨d 祖嘻嘻1t18d pbosphate 
rook8 to 1"a 1"1I6r8 1n the .1d-. and h1gb-altlt雄de trop108 of 
tbe AndeanBeglon. 
Durlng tbe reporti轟轟 per10d 00司，ered hy tb1a pro革re .s 8
report (Hovember 1 , 1985 to October 3 亨， 1986) the lIIa!n 
ellpba .s1a of researcb wa8 plaoed 0自 tbe 1mprovement of tbe 
a革ronom10 eftect1vene8囂。f .s everal phosphate rocks 1"ro瓢
depoa1ta looated 1n C01olllb1a , Mex10o ，囂。祖ador ， Peru aDd 
B011v1a. Fert111zer management pract1ces , rock phoaphate 
觀1xturea w1th a01d1f,.1ng products and w1th organ10 mater1a1s 
read11y ava11ab1e to farller蟬， a祖d 1n主er躍。d1ate 1'ert111zer 
prod誼。t忍， were te .s ted • 
主.study re1~ted to tbe overa11 fert111zer market 
81tuat10n 1n Co1omb1a was oont1草ued. Tb1s. study s;1ve8 
e盟pha.s is to tbe ana1ys1 .s of po110y opt1ons ava1主ab1e to 
C010器bian au毛boritles to prollote tbe use 0 1" do血est10 pbos-
pba乞e reserve翁， as 朧。ans 01" reducing tbe 1mport b111. 
The so01010雇主。 a1 .s色ud1e緣， wh1cb eva1uate and ana1yze 
the aoceptab111ty and adopt10髓。1" pbo .spba主e rook an益。l' new 
1"er乞111 1:er8 by 8111a主 1 Andean 1"ar盟er8 wa穆 a180 cont1nued. 
2 
B蟲CKG IlOU草B
Il es祖lt80bta1ned by the IFDC/CIAT Phosphorus Projeot 1n 
the pas色 have 8hown the importanoe of tbe water a器d oitrate 
801ub111ty of pbosphate f'ert111zera. Thi8 801ub111ty 18 
oruo1al for obtain1ng a rea80nable respon5e to phosphor泣8 in 
a0118 of the Andea且草one. For 色h18 reaso盟， praot10es and 
produots 當h10h prol處。怠。 妒。aot10n8 tend1ng 乞 o 1norease the 
Bolub111ty of P 1n phospha色。 rooks are of para盟。草揖t 1臨por­
taooe. 
且ooordi聽聽 to so01oeoonom10 research oonduoted by 色he
project , the method (Plaoed 01" broadoa晶 te垂) and the t1mlng 
(at plan乞 1ng ， 15 days before planting 0 1" 30 垂 ays before 
planting) of appl1oation of ground phosphate rock as fert11-
izer 0 1" a8 a 50il a咽。目位ment are 11起portan t f'actorβ i且有701ved
10 the 七he a哇。ption by small f'armers. Eval祖a毛主ons of prol昆18-
ing ph05phate rook 揖anagement practioea and of re單 1d祖al
eff'eota were oond越C毛 ed dur1ng this report1ng peri。這.
The 1de器t1ficat10n of po11oy optiona wh10h can promote 
the use 01' do鐘est10 phospbate rock deposits has been one o f' 
the major ob jeot1 ve緣。f thia projeot during the pre絡。nt
phase. Colomb1a 1s been used a8 a oase example to perform ao 
analys1s of the fert111zer Bec七 0 1". Throu革h the analys1s o f' 
the performa詣。e of the f'ert111zer sector ao壘。f :f'ert111zer 
p01101e筒 agronomio ， eoonom1o and eng1neer1ng oon晶 i七10n8
祖nder wh10h grou轟轟 phosphate rook a室主d/or partially 
aoidulated phospha七e rook are oompeti乞1ve alte伊拉龜乞 ives to 
imported ph05phate fert111zer souroe怒 t are being 1益。nt1f1ed.
It 18 expected that this kind of atudy Vill shed 11ght for 
主he overall develop臨ent of phosphate reaouroes o :f' the 
develop1ng countrie露， 8pec1ally for the An垂 ean oountries. 
• 
• 
. 
主
Sho祖1d tllle and budget 0。髓atra1誼ta per血1t 1t , a11l11ar b祖t
1e.. detal1ed atud1ea v111 be oond祖oted 1n Eouado妒，器。l1v1a
a揖d Peru • 
'1'b1. report oovera aot1v1t1ea oarr1ed out dur1ng tbe 
seoond orop aeaa。租。t 1985 and the t1rst orop aea擇。n of 1986 
1n Colollb1a. Inrorlllat1on troll exper11lenta oarr1ed out 111 
Co級ta R10龜，縣eX100 and Bo11v1a are a1ao 1noluded here. 
P祖r1ng M.a :r 1 警車6 ， the aeoond vorkahop of the 
Lat1naller10an Phoaphate Rook 蠶etvork oollaborator8 當as held 
主且 直垃草色。 Eouador. 'fhe vork8hop vaa organized in o011abor祖國!
t10n v1th the "Illat1tut。軍a揖10nal 噓e In可vest1ga010nea
A在ropeouar1as" (I蠶IAP) of Eouador. At th1學習。rkahop 0011龜bo­
ratora trolll C010團bia. Eouador. Peru , Bol1 v1a. Kex100 a臨d
Costa R10a preaented - an垂 d180祖88e垂 the re.s毛主 lts of the1r 
phoapba色 e rocik reaearoh. 轟1ao. dur1轟轟 tb1a vorkshop plalle 
1'01' tuture vork were prepared. A th1rd and t1na1 work8hop 
(S Ylllpo81u團) 18 p1a臨ned 1"0 1' Sep色。 IIIber 1987 , to be hel謹 at
CI轟T 蠶eadQuarterl響， 1n Ca11 ，告。lOllb1a • 
持P章OJECT ACTI亨ITIES 1985-1986 
Th1s seo 七 10n of tbe repor乞 presen色 s 這是esoript1on of 
work and/or pre11m1nary t1nd1ngs obta1器@這 under tbe d1tter鵬
ent work act1v1t1es of the projeot. Tbougb , 1t enoompasses 
fo蛙r seot10草怠， as f0110w轟 I (1) Poten t1a1 Use of Domest1c P 
80urces , (2) Agrooo終 10 and 囂。。車。m10 Eva1誼at10阻， (3) 章。searob
10 主be 8001a1 801eooe8 , and (Ii) Latlnιmerlasn Phospha色e
Roak Iietwork. 
PO色ent1s1 Use of Domest1c P Reserves 
車n objeotive ot the ourrent pbase ot this projeo乞. 18 a 
study direote垂怠。 1dent1ty tbe pote盟毛主 a1 U8e of 疇。阻est10 P 
reserves. Thls s tudy g1 ves emphas1s 色。 government po11cie8 
wh1oh. 1t 1甜p1e盟entèd ， wi11 promote the use of do祖@翁 t10
pho8pba色。 rook reserve怨.主1so. th1s s 乞udy 18 suppose位益。
i是 ent1fy the oond1t10nz琴， 祖nder wh10b the 位eve10p臨終nt of tbe 
dome終t1c reserve8 1縫 a feas1b1e alternat1ve. Th1s con在 1t10ns
relate to the fert111zer market. fert111zer supply , nsture 
ot phosphate reserves a揖 d the ava11ab111七 Y ot raw mater1als 
for the 輯anufacture of fert111揖ers. The study w111 be 
comple毛ed dur1ng 色he f1rs 毛 semester of 1 事 87. 工 t 1s 立ntended
to be a oase study , vh10h wl11 serve as a 盟。這 61 to oond垃 ct
翁 lml1sr stu吾 1es 1n other oountr1es of the 直ndeao zone and/or 
develop1草草 oountr1es witb pbospbate reserves. A BU還mary of 
50me of the f1n是1ngs of th1s report appesr below. 
Present (19 惡 5) p^O~ oon給毛主觀pt10n 1誼 Colomb1a 1s s t a 2-5 
level of sbout 警告， 000 ton忍， wh1ch ara use哇 pr1mar11 y 00 
potatoes (.\0章). aoftee (1 2事) , 終明轟er oane (1 0實) and r10e 
(8事). Of tb18 tota1 , tbe ooulltry 18 Il OW produc1n囂。n1y
, 
• 
• 
5 
12 ，昏昏白 色。盟a (霉 .000 ot bas10 a1ag. a誼d 喔 ， 000 ot phosphate 
roolc) ，當1th the rema1nder ot abou色 78 ， 000 tona belng 1觀port­
ed. Ph08phate 1mporta are made 1110轟 tly ln tbe tor祖 ot ra‘e 
lIIaterla1皂， suob a8: phosphate roolc , KAP , DAP 龜nd pbospbor10 
a01壘. wh10b are U8e by HO贅。KE寰。S and ABOCOL. tbe 1ar轟eat
tert111zer 揖anutaoturer8 ot the oountry. tor the produot10n 
ot 聲PI gradea. Tbea8 two tert111zer produoer蟬. are operat1ng 
re1at1ve1y 01d p1ant8 a色 about 95J 01 告轟paolty. DAP 1a a1ao 
主mported tor 區se as tert111zer tor d1reo色 app110a毛主on.
Curren乞 leve1 01 ph08phate ll11por 色壘， a Jllount to a fore1gn 
ezohange equ1va1e揖t ot 訂S $28 11111110n/year CIF va1ue. 
Tbe oon8晦JIIpt10n ot PftO~ ln the oountry haa 1noreased at 2-5 
零星 。ompou祖垂ed annua1 rate ot 3.5J/year durl揖g the past 15 
years. Projeotlons lIIa垂@草p to the year 2000 , 1nd10ate tba色
use 01 P_O_ then 當111 be about 155 ,000 to器a/year. Present1y 2-5 
七here are no pla草s tor any s1g血1t10ant exp儀器 81011 1n the 
phosphate tertl11器er produotlon oapa01ty ot 色he 00祖ntry.
Th1s 圈。ans that to supp1y the oountry orop緣， need念， 1mporta 
11'111 have to 1norease year after year , oOllsequent1y the 
lore1gn exobange needed • 
C010盟b1a pos穆esaea severa1 phoaphate rook depos 愉
1t縛， 100ated 1n the oentra1 part 01 the oountry. w1th some 01 
thelll very c10se to phoaphate OO[UI也觀p 色10n centera. 01' a11 
k囂。wn depos1t趟， Hu111龜. Sard1nata , Pesoa and Iza have re-
oe1ved oona1dera忌 1e attent10n and a色祖dy by the governl龜ent
an是 by pr1vate oompa聽1ea. Pre忽 ent1y the Hu11a a揖d the 
Sard1nata phoaphate rocka are be1ng exp101te是 1n a relat1ve-
主y ama11 aoa1e , and the phoaphate rook 1學 be1ng used by 
farmers tor d1r4擾。 t app11oatlon. 50 tar ，器。lle 01 the depos1ts 
stl主矗1e是 ln tbe Coulltry bave ahown to have enough reserves 
and/or good qua11ty rook to s 綠stal誼 a major phosphate 
已f'ert111zer oOlllp1e%. Koreover. the preaent P205 a草pp1y and 
de紡車路謹 struoture 0 1' the 00單單 try oa118 f'or a sma11 to lIled1um 
s1ze pbosphate 1ndustry , ,to oomp1ement the prese且 t produo-
t10n oapaoity. It 18 e8t1mated that a pbosphate p1ant witb a 
oapa01乞y 0 1' abou色 50 ， 000 to 6 容 .000 tons/year of P205' w111 
be e囂。ugb to 忽 a乞 isfy the 00誼ntry needs unt11 the yea 1' 2000. 
Tbe a喜ronomio and eoo囂。mio evaluat10話給 of d1ffe 1'ent P 
souroe囂， oarr1ed 0盟t a8 ao t1 v1 色 1es w1th1n 色b18 prOjeot. have 
i晶磊 10ated tbat severa1 of domestio phospbate rook8 and the 
same rocks p攏rt1a11)' aoidu1ated wi主h su1 1'誼ric a01d , bave 
耳。 od agronolllio potential 1揖色he oountry. It has bee蠶食bown
tbat orop response to grou草益 pbosphate rook8 and to partie1-
1y e01du1ated ph08pha. te rooks ()I盈且， 1n 80詞e 80118 and for 
50甜e orops , be a8 goo卓 e8 TSP or any other 801ub1e P 8ouroe. 
Tb 1s 1忽詣。1'e ao f'or tbe part1a11y aoid誼1ated rocks than for 
the ground rooks. It ha5 been noted w1th inter、 e8 主 that tbes8 
two P sour08S are a 1'easib1e alternat1ve 色。 1mpo1' ted pbos伽
ph總 tea. As pa1' t of thls study , areas of 色he oountry wil1 be 
1dentified where tbese two p 1'oduots ofter the best pote且，
t1a1. 
The 蕊anutaotureand use 01'在round ph08phate rock and of 
partia11y ac1d盟主君主色 ed rOCk8 18 part10誼1a1' 1y attraot1ve to 
C010mb1an gove1'n臨ent authorit1ea , 1n view ot the quan七主ty
and qua11ty of known 1' ese 1've縛. and 10 v1ew of the phosphate 
血a 1'ket 81ze. It 1s est1ma毛ed tbat phosphate rooka t1' o融
Hui1a , Iza and Peaoa , and e1主he 1' one ot tbese rock終 pa 1' t1a1-
1y acidu1ated oa囂. 1n the ~ho 1' t ter輯， 1'ep1ace il重ports ot DAP 
fo1' d1 1'eot I主pp1ioat1on. Tb1終是Ihou1d be enough to austa1n a 
te 1' t111ze 1' tactory w1th oapac1ty to process about 5 白， 000
ton8/year , dur1n惡 the 1n1t1a1 yeara of operat1on. 
• 
7 
A 4etailed ana1yaia 01 the tert111zer 摺arket 器80tor 1. 
be1ng oon4uote疇. g1v1ng 8觀pbas111 色。 prellent lerti11zer 
p01101ell. Tbe a1m 01 tb1怠， 811a1y818 18 tb8 ident1/ioat10n of 
government p01101ea wb10h , 1t 1盟plemented ， w111 promote tbe 
eff101e聽色 dev810pment ot the pbollphat8 reserve8 of the 
oountr:y. 80 tar tbe ana1181揖 done ba8 been oonduo1ve 色。乞he
1den t1 f10!‘t10n ot govern路ent p01i01e8 related to pro哇雄。乞 10且，
pri01n旱， market1n霉， taxea/aub轟1d1ea 8揖聶 re8earoh/exten秒10囂，
wh10b are oonduo1ve to 益he deve10pme轟t 01 th8 疇。me8t10 P 
re8ervell. 
fhe preaent tert111zer pr101ng 揖tr雄。t祖re ot tbe oountry 
and the governmel1 t po1101e8 afteoting 1t , p1ay an 1mporta揖S
r01e 1n tb8 developmen色 of th8 dOI龍88t10 tert111zer 1ndu8tr:y. 
1n tbi8 11 tUdY' a揖 8n81y818 01 ourrent fert111zer pr10ea and 
a IItat18t10a1 e8t1臨et10n 01 tert111zer , demand 81a8t101t188 
ha8 been 益。ne to eva1uate tbe lea81b111ty and p088ible 
111paot ot government 8uba1d1el學/車axe8. Pre11m1nary re8u1t8 
1nd10àte tbat the phoaphate (色h18 18 a工ao true for n1trogen 
and potaab) lert111 臨翁l' del陸and 1a very 1ne1a8t10 , 80 a態色。
1'8蠶疇。l' any 8ubs1d1es 01 11tt1e 11處paot on dema揖d. Farmer. 1n 
C010mb1a seem to 瞳ake tbe1r lertl11za t10聽 d801810揖s g1 v1ng 
lIore 1盟portanoe to orop pr101n草， 1 1'1' 1墓at10n and aoreage than 
O聽 tbe prlae of fert111zers a10ne. 
8 
車I<:ron。盟10 a聽d E疇。nO圖10 Eva1uatio且
Th1怨怨eot10n ot the report presents a pre1im1nary 
an81Y818 of the sta色18t10a1 8nd 800囂。m10 8n81ys18 ot exper1騙
錢ent8 00且是uote位 by the projeot i盟 C 位10mb18 dur1ng th18 
report1ng per10d. Re8祖 1t8 tro臨 exper1盟ent8 oond這oted 1n 
B011 v1a. Mex100 and Costa R10a are presented 1揖 Appe器d1x 1 
Resu1t8 ot the prel1釀1nary atat1揖 t10a1 8na1y81a , the 
agrono盟主o 1nterpretat1on ot resu1t8 8nd tbe eoono貓10
evalua. t 主on ot data ge盟erated by projeot exper1me揖t8 ， are 
、 祖 sed 1n the tormu1at10囂 and p1an揖1n囂 。t t祖色祖re projeot 
aot1 v1t1es , needed to aooomp11sh the overa11 objeot :l. ves ot 
the projeot. 
Besor :l.pt10n ot 囂xper1單ent忽
Dur1ng th1s report :l.ng per10d , a tota1 ot 33 exper1ments 
were oond單位ted 1n 色hree 揖gro-011m8t1o zones of the Co1omb1an 
且ndeB. Tab1e 1 presents sum鎧ary 1ntorma. t :l.。誼 about the 
exper :l.ments oonduoted dur :l.ng th1s report :l. ng per10d. Of the 
乞ota1 of 3 章， 19 exper1men乞8 were 00器duo色@垂 W主th potatoes. 11 
w:l.th beanB , and 3 w1色h ma1ze. 
To obta :l.n 80e01f10 1盟for雖at10n re1ated to the objeo-
t :l. veB of the projeot , tield exper1ment8 當ere d :l. v :l.ded 1nto 6 
d1ftere室主 t type8 , as to1lows: • 
plaoement 終ethod莓~ Tb1s type of exper :l.ment was u8ed to 
00觀pare and 單easure tbe efteot on orop produot10n or 
two app11oat10蠶 methods , namely 1n 81益結 plaoement and 
broadoa8t1n囂， or d1tterent P 80証?α。8.
、，
. ‘ 
• 
會
2. Tlmlng ot 且pp11oat10n~ Th1e t :rpe ot e草per1眉@且t wall 祖lI ed
to oompare an矗 measure the etteot on orop prod臨otion ot 
tert111zer appllcation t1聾in皂， namel 1' at pla聽ting (A P) , 
15 day8 betore planti揖g (BP) an謹 30 da1'器 BP. ot ditter-
en色 P BO詣roe8 • 
3. ~011 且揖endl囂。nt8"- Thi8 type ot e :x:per1ment waa uaed to 
串串輯pare and 盟ea8ure the ettect ot 8011 amendmenta (L11廳。
and Bu11a Phoepbate 章。ok) 甜n orop produot10鹽. and tbe1r 
ette白色 to the add1t10n ot d1tterent P eouroes. 
l!. P Souroee~ Thi8 t7pe ot exper1ment wae 祖8ed to oompare 
龜nd meaaure orop response to dittere草t P lIources. 
5. 轟c1d祖lat10n Methoda"- Thi8 type ot experlme盟t was. uaed 
to oompare and measure orop response 色。 d1ttere揖 t P 
50盟rcell. 8peo1t1cal1y to 001聾pare Hu11a pbospbate rook 
a01dulated and granulated at IFDC pilot Plant us1盟軍
8tandard eng1neer1ng equlpl億ent and Hu11a pbosphate rook 
a01dula色。d at CU.T bel單位 quarters ， ue1雄g a slmple teob愉
Dology ‘,h1ch 00盟主d be po乞ent1a11y adopted by tarmers. 、
6. 証主革主延主念車~ Th1B type 0 1' exper1me臨急 was u5ed to oompare 
。 rop re5ponee to m1xtures 0 1' P sources and N source8 
w1th a01dity1ng produot8 (Sultur , 
w1th organ1c materia1s (Cb1cke揖
轟祖祖on1um S祖 1ta te) , 
單anure) and w1 乞h
GYPBum. W1th these e :x:perlments the ettect ot lnoubatl血革
tbe mixt臨re8 1'0 1' 30 位ays was 圈。 a8ured.
轟11 exper1ment8 had at least t習。 repl1catlons ， and up 
to tour. They were a11 located 1誰 farmerB f1eld8 , and 
con垂uoted u且der 010Be s祖perv1B1。訟。t projeot agrono盟1sts.
窟。ne ot the exper1mentB had 1rr1gat10器、tater ， theretore 
10 
depen垂ed ex01弩 slve1y on ralnta11 to obtaln thelr water 
requlrements. Exper11益。揖 ta ， oarr1e述。祖t 1n the depar色me誼 ta 01 
Boyaoa , 容也且dlna觀aroa and Har1盈o were oarr1ed out ‘11th the 
o011ahoratlon 01 the 貨主揖at1t祖色。 C010mbiano Agropeouario. 
{主C轟)， with 益。adquartera 1盟 T1ba1tata ， C010mb1a. 
Eesoription 01 K島色。r1a1a Teste垂.
Several P aouroe忌， w1th d1tterent s01誼bll 1ty leve1s 
were tested. The avera在e nutr1e誰t oontent of the P so草roes
te揖 te唾 and of otber fert111zer mater1a1s 阻sed 1n tbe exper1-
me盟主器 appears OD tab1e 2. For tbe P aouroe器， 色b1a tab1e a1so 
i盟oludes tbe respeot1ve ~ 01 water aoluble a器疇 。 f o1trate 
愁。1ub1e P. 
The Tr1ple Super Phoaphate (TSP) ，怎he Partia1ly 
真c1dulated Hu主 1a
Su1fa色 e (轟S) ， tbe 
Phosphate 竄。o k: (PAHPR) , the A鵲起on1um
Urea (U) and 色be Pota終路lum Cb10ri是e (KC1) , 
習ere used in granu1ar forl里， while the 蠶uila Phospbate Roo k: 
(HPll) , tbe Li毯。 (L) ， tbe Sulfur (8). and tbe Gypsu阻 (G) , 
were used 1n powder form. The Chlo k:en Kanure was use 1誰 1ts
"standard R oommercia主 form.
For experiments wbiob 1ncluded mixtures w1tb 1ncubated 
mater1a1縛. tbe m1xtures 留給re ba且是聽ade ， ‘lette是 and 1ef色 for 
incuba主 10誼 1n p1ast1o bags tor 30 days. 直f色。 r 1nouba tion 
tbey were sun-drled and gro祖nd belore application. 
Desoript10n 01 Experl盟ental Areas 
Tbe three regioDa where experlments were establi種hed
represent difterent a轟ro-o11mat1o zone翁. typ10al 01 the 
Latinamerioan 臨id 略a1t1tude (1500 1趣aa1 ， 1 章。C mean 鐵路 nua1
電
11 
• 
tß輯pera草草re. a揖d 1700 11塾 annual IIIßan 
b1g1草棚land trop1串串 (2起00 .to 3100 I單a151 ，
an且ua1 telllpßra t祖F蟬， and 800 to 1000 111111 
ta11). 
awn-haa bLψhgi
單
ar 
甜
c
aoz 
每
•• 
1
韓
、，誰iom att r  neu i
。
H
aEM F-z 
• Exper1mßnta1 s1te揖 near Pesoa是0 1' ln tbe depart單en色。f
Cauoa and Sa軍囂m1gd10 1器 the d&partamen忌。 de1 Va11e. were 
。bosen 怠。 represe草色 tbe 111d-a1t1tud& trop1015 , wb11e tbe 
experlmenta1 81tes 1n the departaments ot Har1器帶，
Cu揖dlnamaroa and Boyao龜. repr&sent the h1ghland trop1o轟.
Table 3 shows a 8U噩噩ary ot se1eoted ohem1oa1 propertles 
ot the 綠ntreated 8011 l5 amp1e8 trom eaoh exper1mental sl te. 
The s0118 ot Pe8oador an是 San Em1gd10 are ao1d (pH<5 .6). 
當1th ava11able P genera11y very low. W1th 150me exoeptions 
thßse I響。 1113 are 主ow 1n exohangeable Ca and Mg , but thß A1 
sat祖rat10n varle l5 troll ".6J to 8 每 .8J. The P tlxatlon 
oapaoity ot these 8011s i8 genera11y h18h (>S5J). 
The 1301115 ot 當8rlno arß 8180 aold but the A1 8at誼r8tion
18 very 10w and are rßla色革有7e1y high i器 exchangeablß Ca , Mg 
a器毒草. Available P i8 革enßr811y h1gh Ifnd the 80i1s P tixa-
色 lon capaolty is 1。當.
The 8011s i揖 expßrlmental 81te8 ln Boyaoa and 
Cundlna單aroa are aoid to neu主ra1 wlth high to low 轟1 8atura-
tlo路. Ca 1s relati vely high , but the Kg 00晶磊 ent i8 10當.
• Aval1able P oan be oonsldered 10冒t to ade運uate. The 8011 P 
1' ixat1o器 。apac1ty 孟德 hlgb ln thß 80118 wlth low aval1ablß P. 
Methodology 0 1' Analysls 
-
12 
The m綠色泣。垂 010gy used to oonduot 色he stat1器 t1c 龜1 and the 
eoo疇。m1c ana1ys1s 01' t益。 exper1menta1 data generated by tbe 
33 t1eld tr1al囂. oan be aummar1zed as 1'0110ws: 
stat1s t1 oal 且na1ys1!.. øegress10n analysis waa used to 
est1融ate response 1'unot10聽a 1'01" eaoh orop a駐哇 P souroe 
tested. 單esponse f臨單車tio轟轟 vere est1mated 1'0 1" eaoh 
app1101草t10n me乞hOQ (P1龜矗@ 龜噩噩 Broa垂 oast) and 1'01" each 
t1 1車主器g 01' app11catlo盟 lIIetho喔. The sem1-1ogarlthmlo 
拯岱益。1 01' the 1'01"單 Yi = a φ b 1 10g(X+O was u 傷。d 1n a11 
oa1l611. 
Exper1ments wlth m1xt組re揖 0 1' P souroes and 1'erti11軍erl島，
whiob were not des1gned to e器 t11盟ate responae 1'u草草t10n怠，
官ere ana1yzed us1ng analyll11島。l' var1anoe an垂色be D祖noan
test. 
EoonOI軍 10 Ana1ys1s. Tbe econom10 analya1s 01' crop 
resp嚨扭誨。 expe1" 1ments cons1sted 1n tbe dete 1"m1nat10n 0 1' 
opt1mum appl1oat1。且 rate胞 and of y1eld inore儷揖@器，
1noreaaes 1n net return怒 agronomlo eff101enoy 0 1' 
fertl1izer use , and tbe est1觀a 急10n 01' Value/Cost Rat10a 
(VCR) ，也t optimum app110atlo揖 rate怠. Crop and fertl1i 盟"
er prioe翁 uaed were those face是誰y the far攏。 r d組r1ng
m1社編?會 86. Theae prices are pre潑 ente益 。n tab1e 4. Sinoe 
p 孟HPR 1s present主y no色 ava11able 1n the market , for 1ta 
eoonomio evaluat10n 1t was aasumed to coat to the 
1'ar融er tbe aame as TSP per unlt 01' P. 
Fo1" the m1xtures exper1ments. a part1al budget1ng typ。
。f a081ys18 was per1'ormed. Tb1悠悠nalys1s oons18ted 1n 
the estl臨a t10n ot 1norea8e是囂。t returns (over 00揖trol
treatment) a蠶d the est1l11at10盤。t vc 衷· s. 
• 
、
13 
RESUL1'B 0' .l輝.lL宣BIS
Th1a aeot10n ot the report preae草ta the pre11m1nar7 
res蠶豆ts ot the 轟gronol臨10 and eco揖om10 eva1uatlon ot the 
experlmentà1 是ata. generated 1駐 tbree agroc11ma tlc re直10na
ot Colo軍bla. Rea這lta are preaented 轟r。隨p1ng tha experimenta 
b7 orop and/or reaearoh objeotlve. 
Ma1 囂e. P Souroea and P1aoement Methods. 
The reau1ts ot the regreaa10臨 ana1 ;y揖 1s tor two I揖a1ze
expar1單enta (PF1 囂2BB and P11838B) des1gned to meaaure the 
。F書)p reaponse to d1tterent P 轟扭扭roe轟 and app l1oat1o聽 meth翩
。da. appellra on table 5. .l graph1ca1 repreaentat10n ot the 
rasponse ourves 1s ahown 0揖 t1gurel當 1 and 2. 1'be oorres-
po轟轟lng acono盟i申 evaluat10n for these exper11單ants appears on 
table 6. 
Reau1ts ot the器e tvo exper1器ents 1揖d10ata tbat tha 
ma1ze 71e1ds obta1nad vitb T8P and P.lBPR p1aoad were h1gher 
tha揖 y1e1d 曲 obta1ned vben tbesa tvo produ01品 s were app11ed 
broadcasted. The ma1ze 7181d der1 曹ed trom the use ot TSP and 
PABPll vere a111111ar , w1th tbe 71a1d g1ven b7 P轟BPR be1ng 
h1gber tor 色1' 1 11. 1 PF1B28B 11.臨d tbe y1eld g1 ven b1 TSP be1ng 
h1gber for tr1a1 PF1B3SS. .la 1111' as BPR 1a oonoerna益， the 
ma1ze response to th1s pro是uot wss 10ver than tha reapon器。
色。空SP and P.l聽?里. S11ght11 h1ghar 71e1da vere obta1nad vhe揖
the pbospba毛e rock va鍍 app11ed broadcaated than when 主t was 
po1nt p1aced and 聽a1ze 71e1垂 s were- bet色er 1n the 8011 w1th 
10ver P 11xat10n oapao1 t7 than 1n the 8011 01 exper1me揖t
PF12SB (1'ab1e 3). F1nd1ngs 11' 0觀 the忽 e axper1men乞 s are 
oons1ste揖t and cont1rm resu1tll obtained dur1ng a prev10祖s
year ot this projeot. 
1 聲
The eoonoll10 evaluatlon 0 1' theae P souroe揖 and plaoe-
lIent 阻ethoda 1nd1oatea that hlgher lIIa1 囂。 J1eld lncreaae鐘，
h1gher net returna and h1gher agronolllo e 1'1'101en01e8 oan be 
ohta1ned wlth T5P and P 直HPR p01且也 plaoed rather than broad-
疇轟轟怠。d ， 轟缸謹 tbat tbeae two pro晶 uots have 、 an overall per1'or. 
聽聽器oe 蠶uoh better than HPR. The e祖t1l11a ted VC草 'a con f'1rlll the 
above atatemen色a. Theae reaul ta 1血dloa怠。色hat 11' f'armera 
are 墓。主轟轟 to oont10益。 聽a1ng the pol臨t p1aoed method to 
f'ert111ze the1r orops 1盈 ateep landl學 the beat alternat1ve 
u轟108 10081 rsao誼roea v1豆豆 be to u單e P轟P糞韓.
Beans. P 50祖roea. P180eme草 t Method 據點疇 '1'11單e 0 1' 轟pp110at10n.
Resu1ta 0 1' the regresa10揖 &蠶蠱lJ81s for 1'lve beana 
experlments (PF1S蠅， PF155 , PF13. PF2S1 轟 an甚 PF2S1SS).
dea1gned to evaluate bean respon揖 e to d1 1'ferent P sources , 
p1acement methods and t1111e 01' app11catlon , appear on tab主@
1. A 8rapbica1 representat10n 0 1' the dl 1'1'erent reaponse 
ourvea appeara on 1' lgurea 3 to 1. The oorrespondlng eoono取10
eva1u念tlon appeara on tab1e 8. 
Reaul毛 a 01' ezper1ment PF1S4 ahow that larger yle1da can 
be obta圭亞e哇 w1th app110a色 lon 0 1' '1'SP rather than HPR. Howev枷
er , resu1ts 01' thls experl揖en色 do not ahov dl 1'1'erenoes ln 
metho益。l' app110at10n for e1ther TSP or HPR. Resul色a 0 1' 
e主peri盟ent PF1S5 lnd10ate that a hlgher orop response can be 
obta1ned wlth TSP p01nt p1aoed rather than broadoaste莓，
官hl1e 1'or HPR the dlffere囂。ea 1n y1eld due to the app11oa-
tlon 函ethod are rather a酷暑是11. 轟8 1n the caae wlth exper1me器 t
PF1S且， the bean re8pO盟8e to TSP 18 1ar墨er than the respo揖8e
to HPR. The P flxat10D oapao1ty 01' theae tvo 8011s 1a 
l'elat1ve1y 10v (table 3) , but J A1 aaturatlon 18 h1惡her 1龍
PF1S5 than 1n PF1S題. Thua probab1y exp1a1oa why 蠶F蠶
' 
• 
1 事
1n p1aoed P帶車揖t幫&111t 曹benbetter 11 l1S;ht1)' pertorlled 
probab1)' 
env1ronment. 
BPR 。fp1aoelllen色
root bean蟬
Looa11 草ed
arou器讀
, 
oond1乞 10nll
PF1S5. 
a011 
exper111ent 
111proved 
waa wb孟obPF13 , exper111en魯w1tb 。bta1盟edRea祖1ta
appl1儡。rt1me and metbod翁app110at1on ev轟1uateto dea1gned . 
tbe 
BPR. 
g1vea 'l'SP that 8bow HP囂，龜車直PABPR TSP , ot oat1on 
and F且HP.Rb :y t0110智。這respona彎，orop overa11 b1gbest 
p1ant1n草at p1aoe卓po1nt app l1ed 曹be聾e 1'1'eoti ve lIoat 曹a8TSP 
1n app11ed wa8 T喜Ptbe 當b1!ln10ver were )'1e1d8 Crop 色1 l1e.
11011 The bro轟d oallted. va8 1t vhen 。rp1ant1誰E0 1' adva攏。。
(61 J). oap轟01色ytU:at1。且P b1gh ver:y 聽presented bere 
ot t111e 車nd
TSP. 
lIethod 
tor 。bta1ned
怠。re1轟ted
thoae 
PAHPR 
色。s1m11ar 
tor 。bta1ned
app l1oat10n 
囂esu1t8
vere 
8hov no d1d PF13 exper1通ent。onoerned.1s HPR a8 tar 轟S
the to attr1bute是be oan wh10h d1tterenoe串:y1e1d orop 1arge 
app110a t10n. the ot t1m1轟轟毛be色。0 1' app l1oa t1on 。rlIetbod 
tbe vben 。bta1nedvere y1e1ds orop better s l1gbtl :y However , 
ref1eoted 農esu1tst1me. p1ant1ng at broad oas ted vas BPR 
事10v the and s011 tbe ot oapao1ty t1xat10n 
主) • (Tab1e 
P b1gb the aga1n 
lI aturat10直Al 
TSP+HP蠶。r揖 lxturea PF2S1SS , a揖dPF2S1 轟exper1ments 
色。
In 
to oomparab1e souroe P a test 終nds1mu1轟章。use垂was 
。fterms) 黨(1n a囂。untsame 色beha毒made m1l藍色ureTbe F轟HPR.、
exper1ment8 two Tbese P轟提PR.a8 ? 801臨b1ec1trate and water 
p different to re8ponse bean8 eva1uate 怠。dealgned were r 
。bta1蠶edRe8祖 1t8praot1oe8. 
翁，智麗
n 
c 
o 
a---
4.a +-AHM 
n 
aLG'd e--勵、.. a nug nug a 。rtlme a且dlI our告。11
the produced TSP that PF2S1 直exper主ment!l1tb 
ot 盟主xt祖rethe by 1' 011。當發d1ncrease器，)'1e1d orop h1gbe8t 
app11岫ot ti揖1nga8 tar 轟aHPR. tbe b :y 1'l0811y a臨嘻TSP龜，蠶PR ，
b1gbeat tbe that 
ir)':呵 !ftj二、
8how 
-r 
exper1menta 
J 戶， τ ←鴨、 安咿
/戶/可
之\/LIJ
these oonoerned. 18 oatlon 
16 
orop y1elds oan be obta1ned apply1轟轟 T8P .t plan毛主ng time , 
P血tber than 1n ant101pa色10n ot planti揖g. Tbe P f'1xat10器
oapaoity 01' th1s 8011 1揖 r81祖tively 祖19h (60%). For the 
TSP+BPR m1xture and the BPR the t1me 01' app110at10n af1'eoted 
orop y1e1ds s11ght1y. Tbe m1xture gave b1gher y1elds wben 
app11ed at plant1ng t1me , wb11e the HPR gave better orop 
y1elda when app11ed 30 days before plant1ng. 
草草cper1ment PF2S18S oorreeponded to a 8eoood harvest 0 1' 
exper1men乞 aome 80祖r08a 曉龍d P levels 瞳8ed 1n exper1純ent
PF2S1 were app11e垂 to plot器 1n 8xper1men乞 PF2S1SS. Total P 
錢是 de垂 to the plante for tbe 器eo扭扭d exper1ment was do臨ble 01 
the P added tor exper1me器t PF2S1. 
Reaults 01' exper1ment PF2S1SS 1nd10ate that 乞 1me 0 1' 
. applioati。且 had a s11gbt 81'1'e也 t on orop response to TSP , b草色
1'or the TSP 呵~HPR 阻1xture and for the BPR , app110at1on 30 days 
prior to p1ant1ng produoed better y1e1ds. 工n tb1s exper1ment 
app110a t1 ons 0 1' BPR at plant1ng t1me d1d not produoe a晶Y
meaaurab工e y1e1d 1noresses. Probably y1elds obts1ned here 
were produoed by the res1dual e 1'1'eot 0 1' the HPR prev1ous1y 
app11e是 to 毛he 8011. 主髓 general , rsp gave the h1ghe紛 t y1e1ds 
1'o11owed by the TSP 呵，蠶PR 觀1xture app11ed 主 o days be 1'ore 
plant1ng. 主s 1n other exper1ments oon是ucted by tbe projeot. 
tbe orop reaponse to 蠶P蠶 was the 10‘lest. 
The econom10 Ðva1臨at10n of these exper1揖@器 ts 1盟d10a乞es
that TSP app11ed p01nt p1aoed at plant1ng t1me 草ave b1gber 
ne色 retur且， y1e1d 1noreases and agrono麗 10 e 1'1' 1a1enoy~ than 
TSP broadoasted or app11ed be1'ore p1a眉毛1ng and tba t p 轟HP罩，
TSP+PAHPR and HPR , under anyo1' the fert111zer management 
evaluated. PAHPR gave better y1e1d 1noreases and net returns 
vhen app11ed po1nt p1aoed st p1ant1ng t1me. BPR gave better 
呵，
• 
‘ 
• 
11 
1181看 主聽orease轟 轟轟d ne色 ret祖rns 當ben bro攝Il oaated. Tbe 
h11heat alro揖om10 ett101en01es and VCR'a oorresponded to 
TSP. t0110we這1>1 PABP蠹轟詛~ the '1'8PφHPR m1:xt單re. '1'be eoooo過10
eva1uat100 ot tbese t1ve exper1me揖t8 a1ao 1臨d10atea tbat the 
uae ot TSP. P1蠶F賞。l' tbe m1xture ot TSP+單P蠶 10 bean8 , 
app11ed u蟬1揖e; f'arlllera met攏。d (p01器t p1aoed) 1轟 protltab1e
轟轟d a 80und praot10e. Tbe 8allle 18 Dot tr祖e tor BPR , a100e 1t 
e;ave 10wer 11e1d8 aod tbe oet returoa obta1ned trol龍 1t8 uae 
were. lenera111. 1e88 tha器 ha1t ot those obta10ed w1th the 
o t.ber P 80祖roe8.
lIe aDl!I. P Souroe睡 a噩噩 8011 Amendmeota. 
Re8u1t轟 ot tbe relre融 8100 aoa1181a tor tour bea08 
exper1ment攝 (PF381S囂. PF3S28S , PF38再 a臨d PF3S_8S) , dea1goed 
to eva1祖ate bean re :s poose to d1 f'tereot P souroe8 and a011 
allleo益激enta ， appear 00 tab1e 9. A graph10al repre8entat10n o f' 
色be d1 f'f'erent re8pon8e 0盟rvea appear8 on t1gures 8 to 11. 
The oorre8pond1ng eoo詣。11110 eva1祖at :l. on appear8 on tab1e 10 • 
The8e exper :l.lIlenta re車 e :l. ved appl :l. ca t10聽怠 。t BPR , L:l.me 
and a 00聽b1na t :l.oo o f' 軍PR+L :l. llle. 主器 amouota e哩u1va1ent to 1 
too o f' produot per bs告 tarea. P10t8 wers the HPR+L:I.益。認:l.xture
va8 uaed , reoe1ved 500. )l: ga. o f' eaoh produot. 意:x:per :l.lIlent忽
PF3S1SS , PF38288 and PF3S轉SS reoe :l. vsd tbe a觀sodment app1 :1. oa-
t :l.on dur1臨1 the prev :l. ou8 plaot1ng 8e8800. For the eeoond 
p1ant1且囂 8e8800 (8S) tbe sams P doass 蕊aed f'or tbe 101 t181 
exper1menta vere reapp11ed.lo a11 exper1ments tbsrs 冒ere
oootr01 plot8. dS81goe這1;0 meas盟re tbe bean respoDae to P 
aouroe8. v1tbout tbe app11oat :l.on ot a揖@臨dmeots. The P 
aouroe8 tssted :1.盟 these exper :l.眉ent8 were: T8P , T8P+HPR (t。
a:l.臘驢 1ate PA臨F囂， a8 :1.0 exper :l.觀ente a忌。ve 祖entlo詣。d) and HPR. 
1 喜
Tbe TSP. tbe TSP+HPR 1I1xture a觀看 the BP糞 were reapp11ed 
p01nt p主aoed.
F 
Results obta1ned w1th experl11ent8 PF3S1SS and PF3S2SS 
1ndloate that HPR was the 8011 amendment wh草。h prod驢車ed the 
b1gheat y1eld :1誼韓rea8e ， .wh1主 e w:1th exper1ments PF3S4 an是
PF3S4SS , the 1argest y1e1d 1noreaaes were obtl晨 1囂。 d w1th the 
app11oatio誼。t HPR+L1囂。組1xture. 10 general a11 s011 a詣。nd­
誼ents applied 8erved to 1norel益串e 11e1是a over oontr01 p10t8. 
Probab11. appl1早atlon ot 蠶PR as s011 amendment 18 etfeotlve 
i揖 80118 當here exper1raen主 a PF3S1SS and PF32SS were 100ated. 
當b10h have a re1a色革可，e11 b1gh P f1xa t10益 。apaolty an卓 10習
ava11轟b1e P. For 80118 wltb b1gher P aval1ab1e (3.5 ppm Bray 
1) and hlgh 孟1 saturat10誼 a IlI1x色草re ot 聽P翼+L1me ooul是 be 
effeotlve. 
轟轟 tar 轟轟 tbe eva1祖atlon of orop response to dltfere器t
P souroes app11ed 當lth 01' wlthou主 8011 a單@盈盈ment 紹， exper1-
ments PF3S1SS and PF3S2SS 1nd1oate that TSP produoe這 h1gher
y1e1ds when a prev10us app11oat1on ot one ton/ha. of 11墨e
waa made. These s011s are h1gh 1n P f1xat:10囂。apaclty and 
probab1l 毛he 11me app11ed was helplng 血。t on1y to decrease 
色 he .11 saturat10囂 f bu色 a1so the P f1xat10n oapa01ty. Experl酬
ments PF3S社 and PF3S持SS 1ndloate tbat tbe h :1 ghest y :1 eld 
:1noreases 老，ere obtsl蠶ed tbrou在h tbe app11oat10n of TSP 
wlthout app1 :1 oat10n ot 8011 amend血ents. Tbe s011 bere wa8 
medium 1n .11 saturat10n a誰d re1at1vely 1011' 1n P t'1xat1on 
oapaoity. 
Tbs orop rssponse to the HPR+TSP m:1xture ln experlmsnt 
PF3S1SS wa8 the h :1ghe8t. wben 1t t0110wed app11oat10n ot 
11祖e a8 8011 amend晶。蠶怠. The resu1色 S ot expsriment8 PF3S2SS , 
PF3S雄 an垂 PF3S l!SS 1揖唔 10ate tbat tbe 1ar鑫est orop responses 
句，
. 
19 
to app110at10na ot tb1a 111xture were obta1ned wben app11ed 
w1 tbout any a011 allendllenta. Probab1y tbe amount ot HPR 
app11ed 1n tbe a1xture 前aa enougb to 00mpen8ate tor tbe 
agronom10 benet1t8 obta1ned wben 8011 amendmenta 當ere used 
tbe ~ 11 saturat10n 1n tbeae 8011a was re1at1ve1y 10w 1t 
oompare w1tb tbat ot 8011'ot exper1me且t PF3S1SS. (85事) • 
1a expeoted , HPR gave oon81atent1y b1gber y1e1d8 1且 a11
exper1menta wben 1t wa8 app11ed w1tbout any 8011 allendment8. 
Tbe taot tbat b1gber responses to P app110at10ns were , 
w1tb tew exoept10n8 , obta1ned 冒1tbout tbe use ot any 8011 
ame且dment8 18 exp1a1ned by tbe ta~t tbat wben 8011s amend-
ment8 are used , crop y1e1d 1且orease8 ao tbere 1s 1e8a room 
tor y1e1d 1norea8e8 due to tbe app110at10n ot tbe P souroe 
a10ne. However , Tota1 b1gber y1e1d oan be obta1ned by tbe 
oomb1ned use ot s011 ame且dment8 a且d P souroes. 
Tbe resu1ts of tbe eoonoll10 eva1uat10n 1nd10ate tbat 
tor exper1ments PF3S1SS and PF3S2SS , TSP app11ed w1tb 11me 
gave tbe b1gbe8t y1e1d 1norea8es , net re七urns ， agr。且。m10
ett101enoy and va1ue oost rat10s 11me wa8 app11ed bere wben 
tbe t1rst orop wa8 estab11sbed. For exper1ment PF3S峙， wbere 
a011 amendments were app11ed on1y 15days betore p1ant1ng , 
tbe m1xture ofHPR.TSP app11ed w1tbout 8011 amendment8 was 
tbe most eoonom10a11y ett101ent praot10e , wb11e tor experl-
ment PF3S4SS , tbe app11cat10n ot TSP 冒a8 tbe best praot1ce. 
1 deta11ed ana1ys1s ot tbese exper1ment8 , wb1cb 1nc1udea tbe 
agronom10 and econom10 eva1uat10n ot rea1dua1 etteota ot tbe 
d1tterent 8011 amendme且t8 u8ed , 1s tbe aubject ot atortb-
。 01l1ng paper. 
20 
Potato88. P 誨。uroe8.
Dur1ng th1s report1ng perio益. and a8 oan be noted 1n 
th1a report , aOm8 e聽phaa18 haa been g1ven to reaearob 01 • 
醋。祖r車 811 0揖 po乞atoe8. The ma1n r8aaOna lor th1a be1ng that 
pota怠。eI!I are a atap1e lood tor a 1arge peroentage of tÞe 
轟ndean pop草1at10盟. 1t 111 gr。當臨滅。8t1y by IIma11 tarmer忌. and 
1t 18 tÞe m08t 1mportant P 祖a1n轟 orop 1血色be 0。祖ntry.
Tab1e 11 pre8ent8 the re8祖1ta 01 tbe regreaa10n analy-
81a tor t1ve exper1ment器 v1th potatoe轟 (PF10R81 ， to PF10RS4 
and .F1281). Theae exper1menta were des1gned to evaluate 色be
responae ot po色atoea to d1fterent P 80祖roe8. H'R was not 0臨e
tbe s。單roes teated beoause prev10us exper1me單ts oonduoted by 
tbe projeot bad deterl重1ned a 1aok ot re8pOnSe 01 potatoea to 
app11cat10n囂。1 HPR. A grapbiOal representatio囂。1 tbe 
difterent response ourves appears on t1g祖res 12 to 16. Tbe 
eoonom1o evaluat10n 01 tbeae exper1menta appeara on table 
12. 
Tbe resu1ta obta1ned 習11th exper1ments PF10R81 to 
PF10R8著 ind10ate tbat h1gher potato y1e1da oan be obta1ned 
from tbe uae ot CM , to11owed by T8P .and finally bJ PAHPR. 
Tbese resu1ta are verJ oons1stent a臨ong exper11益ents. Potato 
re怒ponl學 e to 紹。luble P ill aignit10ant in aoi1a of exper1臨@器ta
s 1 , 82 and S草 wh10h presen書 s 10w ava11ab1e P and higb P 
lixat10n capao1ty. 主揖 s011 S揖 witb h1gh ava11ab1e P a草 d 10w 
P f1xat1o蠶 oapao1t7 ， oh~ck plots presented tbe b1惡best
potato y1e1d8 , and only responded to CM. 
Exper1臨ent .F1281 1nd1cates tha忌 h1gber 71e1ds oan be 
obta1ned w1th TSP , f01主owed bJ PJ.HPR , 13-26-06 and 11na117 
HPR. 
• 
• 
、
e 
21 
Res祖lts of the eoonol車10 evaluat10n 1nd1oate that T8P 
and CM are the P øouroes wh10h g1ve the b1gbest yle1d 
inoreases and net retur器 s ， wbi1e CM giveø the highe臨 t
agron。盟主o efflo1enoy and the hlghest va1ue coa 色 ratio發 • 
Beans a說d Maize. 轟oidulat10n Metbods. 
E其per1揖ent8 PF1 每81 w1th beans a且d PF1 峰82 w1 th maize , 
were designed to test the effeot1veness of d1tteren毛 F
source扇. øpeoitloa1ly to 001發pare BPR ao1du1ated and granu悔
lated at 1FDC's pl10t Plant using standar謹 granu1轟t10n
methodø , verø祖ø BPR acldu1ated at C1AT uø1ng a s1臨ple
teohno主ogy wbioh could potent1ally be adopted by tarmers 0 1' 
by a smal1 ooopera色1ve type 1ndustry. 
The HP囊 ac1dulated at C1AT , was prepared ut111 器1ng
readily avaUable ma ter1als: plast1c bucket囂 plastic
tunne1怠 a mlxing pOle , water , HPR an益 øu1tur1o a01d. The 
proced祖re uti1ized to ac1dulate 毛be rook 電ias a器 tollow絡=色。
25 kgs. ot BPR water was added unt11 s8turated (4 1ts) , then 
9 Kg 8u1fur1c aold (D 給 '.82 ， 90.05言 ).was 810wly added to the 
bottom of tbe bucket. 車s th1s mixture generates beat and 色be
water evaporates , water was a挂 ded as needed to keep the 
m1xture easy to st1r. Tbe proportion (1n 當e1ght) ot HPR t。
每u1fur1o 801d W8S 8忌。ut 70書怠。 30~. Onoe 811 the su1furlo 
8cld was 8是ded the p1ast1c buoket W8S closed , and the 
m1xture lns1de 1et to oure tor two weeks. 轟 fter that 1t was 
sun-dr1ed.and hand/絡hovel orushed wh11e lt waø 路 t111 h滋潤 ld.
。Then lt was oompletely drled at 每 O-C a盟d paoked. 1n tb1s 被祖y
about 60 kgs ot PAHPR were made to u 終 e 1器 the two tria1翁
bere d1scuøsed. 
When prepar1ng aoldu1ated rook uslng this 盟ethod 0 1' a 
ø1阻11ar 。血。 oaut1on haø to be exerolsed whe器 mak1ng the 
22 
phospbate rock-sulfur10 ac1d .1草草草妒。， s1noe fluor1dr10 ao1d , 
1n gaseous form 1s relea8ed 1揖忌。 the atl囂。sphere. Tb1s gas 18 
b1ghl ;r to%10 and when st1rr1ng tbe 雄主:x:ture 1n the b祖oket
tbeae ga醋。8 should be avo1ded. 
Table 13 presents the re8U主ts of the regress10n analy慟
S18 for exper1me器 ts PF1 1!S1 轟轟d PF111S2 de81gned to oompare 
these t 'll'O PAHP麓 's. and other P souroes. F1gures 17 and 18 
represent the respon器。 ourves obta1ned v1th the re在re轟轟10n
model紹，曹hl1e table 1 轉 presents the res祖lt轟 of the eoonom10 
evaluat10n. 
Result 器 01' the re鑫ress10n .‘nal ;rs1s lndloate that the 
F轟蠶P蠶 ao1dulated at CI轟T gave the h1ghest ;r1eld 1noreaae蟬 , 
fo11o 'll'ed b ;r TSP and the P轟HP軍 a01dulate是 at IFDC. Theae 
three 鐘書Iter1als 轟ave remarkably s1m11ar results. The orop 
response 'II'as al1ghtly h1墨her for the PABPR a01dulate垂 at
CI轟T tban for the PA蠶F蠶 at IFDC for reaso蠶 s not prese蠶tly
knovn. 
Rea祖lts ot 乞he eoonom10 eval祖at10n 1nd1oate that the 
app110at10n doses , net re色ur且 a ， ;r1eld 1norease怠 agrono盟主c
e 1'1'101enoy and value oost rat10s for the t 'll' O ac1哇ulated
rocks an謹 for tbe TSP ‘iere very a1m11al明， and al1 終uper10r to 
the untreated HPR. 
Exoer1ments 'II'1th M1x乞 ures.
One ot the objeot1ves 01' tb1s phaae ot the projeot has 
been tbe te揖 t1ng of p08s1ble phosphate rook ao1dulat1ng 
mater1als , vh10h Vhen s1觀ply m1xed w1th the rook lIIay 1盟­
oreaae the P ava11ab111ty to Crops. Dur1n草 th111 report1ng 
per1od. 聽1xtures of 益PR w1tb 5. 真5 ， Gypsu蟬. Urea and CM were 
• 
~ 
• 
.. 
是3
圓ade Ilnd te8t8d 0揖 beans a噩噩 potlltoes. 80揖e of 事he I龜1xt電u'e8
wh10h oonta1ned CH 嘗ere lnoubated for 30 4a7s to deterDl1ne 
-1t th1s prooedure would 1ncrea8e the 801當b111ty of the P 1n 
tbe rook. Tbe8e 1I1xtures were te8 ted 1n the a草rool1 Dlat1c
reg10揖 8 of Pe80a40r. 蠶ar1no Ilnd B07aOa/C臨揖d1揖aDlaro龜﹒
Table 1 藍色brougb 2會 pre8ent the 臨ea蠶 71eld8 for the 
色reatme揖ts te8ted. tbe re8ults of the D祖noan te8t (at 51). 
an矗 the result8. ot the econoDl10 ev龜luat10n ot the8e I撞1x­
ture8. The econolll1c eva1區Il t10n ot the8e 轟1xt祖re8 1器官 1udes
tbe est1祖at10n ot the 1noreaeed net ret曉rns (over contr01) , 
1norea8ed tert111zer 008t and the e8 色主器ate4 VC麓· 8 • 
• 
Prel11111nary 1nterpretat1o囂 。t the agronol雇主 c a揖d eCOnODl-
10 eva1uat1o攏。r the m1xtures te8ted. 1n謹 1cates that 毛he
be8t orop (potatoe8 and bean器) 11e1d揖 and econol單10 returns 
were obta1ned ‘11tb 1I1xture8 wh10b oonta1ned CK 0 1' TSP. 
M1xtures w1th one ot tbe8e two mater1a18 gave oon818tent11 
b1gher orop 11e1d8 than m1xturee of HP l! w1th otber mater1-
a18. 1t was observed tbat tbat tbe Ct吾 and TSP 1I1xtures were 
誼。st♀ etteot1ve 1n p1aoes wbere tbe crop y1eld8 ot tbe 
oontro1 p10t were re1at1ve1y 10w (le88 than 25 色。n/ha ot 
potatoe8). M1xtures wh10b oonta1ne4 18 a8 a souroe ot 
n1trogen (and S) ~here genera1ly better tban m1萬主之主 re 草 wbicb 
used Urea a8 n1trogen souroe • 
1n exper1醋。nt8 PF8RB1. PF8RB2 an謹 PF8RS3. 龜Ib1ch were 
de81gned to t88t the 8tfect ot 1囂。 ubat1且在 m1xture8 w1th C詞，
811轟轟t1y h1gber y18148 were obta1ned w1th the no盟-1ncubated
m1xture翁.
The I証dd1t10n of 8 and 1B to BPR d1桂 not caU8e any 
s1gn1f1cant y181d 1nor8aS8S 1n orop y1elds. 
2轟
The . hlghe8t VCR '8 vere oonll :l.8乞ently 轟:l. ven b;y m1草tures
嚀。揖 tll :l.n :l. ng Ct直. The J囂。re ~H :l.n a g :l. ven mlxt輯re ， the h :l.車bellt
the VCR. 
囂xper :l. men毛 8 PF6RS1 , PF6蠶S2 and PF6RS3 , were des1gned to 
血ell8雄re the re車主磕磕al etfeot ot these mlxt祖re8 on potatoea. 
Experlmenta PF6RS1 and PF6RS3 sbowed tha急 the resld當al
etteot 01'主beae m:l.xtures Wa8 qulte 10贅， and t 耐 obta主ned
aooeptable potato 1 :1.elds,‘ reapplloatlon :1. 11 nee禱 ed. In 
exper1J揖@揖t PF6RS霆， tbe mlxt當re 0 1' HPR and 轟S gave tbe 
hlghest 11e ld (1 6.3 t/ba.> , but 色he orop 11elds g :l. ven by 
o乞her m 1:ll:t臨res oontalnl誰g HPR werequl色e low , an是誼。t
轟:1.握自主1'loantly dlttÞrent trom the oontrol. 
Sum.盟arlz :l. ng ， the lnoubllt :l.on prooedures US8益Ilnd the 
ao :l.d 盟主龜t :l.ng m.aterlals used to prepare HPR m. 1草色祖res d :l.d not 
器。 e揖色。:l.mprove the agro囂。m.:l.o et1':l.o :l.enoy of the phoaphate 
rook. 
司雖
" 
• 
• 
• 
25 
軍esearoh ln the Soolal Solenoes 
Researoh. 0臨 tarl健-level pattern囂。t tertl11zer adoptlo雄
主n thls projeot has the objeotl有ra ot desorlb1轟轟 farlllex嗨，
車站rrent level ot teohnology lnto whlo扭 扭ew fertl11zers 
developed by the proJeot I轟ay be lntroduoed , and dlagnosing 
pote器tlal aooeptanoe by tarlllers ot 阻@當 produots and praotlo 個
es. This researoh Is oonduoted prl揖01pa111 b1 soolal 801enoe 
砂peo1al1st to aid projeot 8011 soientlsts ln the evaluatlon 
of agrono單io results tro盟。n-farlll testing ot naw tech囂。10車1.
工單 Colo訟bla ， tlel謹 work was 00且oentrated ln Boyaoa and 
ln Cauoa Dep轟rt懿每揖ts. A r祖pld dlagnostlo stu垂Y ot 
s盟a11-囂oale potato tar總ers ln Boyaoa was oonduote謹， wlth a 
tollow-up s臨rvey of 39 farlller皂， ln oonjunotlon wlth eo。囂。欄
1II1sts and an anthropologlst fro臨色he I臨stH祖to Colomblano 
Agropeou必1' 10 (IC轟) • 
Tbe rapld diagnostlc 翁 tudy to睡nd that ohem1cH益1 fer t11-
lzers are aPP11e謹 prl臨arl11 to potatoes , and rotations wlth 
otber orops are 峰til1zed by far鐘。1'8 to take advantage of 
resid祖al etteots of pot聶to tertl11zatlon (Table 30)100賞。r
far單ers use obemloal tertl11zers on potatoes , whl1e 35~ ot 
tarmers surveyed Þave trled ohemloal tertl11 蠶ers on 觀alze • 
Organ10 tertl11zers also have a role ln potato far血lng:
51~ of far祖er噶 had trled orga祖10 tertl11zers on potatoes. 
益蠶蠱 5 6$ on 祖alze.About 7位賢 。f farmers surveye是 reported 
usl點g oompo現 t on orops other than potatoes. 
T祖e prlnolpal produotlon oonstralnts on potatoes as 
peroelved by tarmers are tertl11zer costs and labor aval1-
abi l1ty. 著ith the exoep色主。n of the slllallest far盟er紗. potato 
e盟主 tlvatora vere 囂。re lnterested ln tertl1l蠶er e草perl l11ents
26 
tor potatoes tbat would allow tbel轟擊。 loorease produotlvlty. 
thao 1祖 re是祖 010g oosts. ~abor soar01ty 10 tbe s)'s 主em meaot 
that tarme l"a expressed 1e88 lotere穆 t 1臨輯1xturee of 
orgaD10-1norga010 tert111zers mlgbt potentla11y reduoe 
ooats "ot prod韓otlo血 • 1t these WOl且 1d requ1re 路ore labor tor 
preparat10n or app110at10n ot 器1xtures.
However. tarmers 1且 tbe Boyaoa potato糊based farm1n聶
哥 ste血 are experlmeot10惡 w1th tarmy矗rd man祖re 揖祖ppleme車ts to 
，:，he單10a1 tertl11zer器， to 1norease pro嘻揖告色1vlty. and reported 
tavorable results. 1n the tarl1lerl擊· eyes. tbe oblet 11mlt祖­
tlo揖s to thls tertl11揖at10誼壘Itrategy are the dltt10ultles 01 
Z草an臨re s協pp1y aod labor sbortages. Farl1ler轟 Were eXperl1單ent刪
lng w1tb other apProaobes to 10te詛s1ty10鑫主aod use: 
potato-pea 1誼 teroropplng has proven auooeast祖 1 aod 1s belng 
d1器aem1蠶ated tro器 tar l1ler-色。-tarmer 1n the reglon. A detal1 
report of these tl盟d10g8 wa8 prepared. 
A major oon01u諾100 ot tbe Boyaoa d1agnost10 stu謹y wae 
to reoomme島d eva1uat10n of experl單ental fertl11zers and 
thelr re揖 1dua1 etfeots w1th10 oommoo rotat10n systems 21100。
tbe overa11 00路色 -beneflt aoa1ys1s ot potato tertl11zatlo器 18 
peroe1ved by tarmers 10 the oontext ot rotat100s. 'otatoea 
are r1sky , due to prloe varlabl11ty , but are heavl1y tert11 酬
1zed; 囂。t 1088e8 0蠶皂be potato orop ln any glveo 8ea800 are 
8een a8 reooverab1e .1器 terms ot the be且ef1 ta of res1d ua1 
effeota for the overa11 tood produot1oo system v1a rota-
tlons. A 8eoood reoomme盟d"atlon wa8 to expand 00 farm tertl1-
lzer 色。stl且早 to lno1ude some of the .1nteroroppin在 patterns 
farmer8 are tryin暉. notab1y the potato-pea 1祖 terorop ﹒
Flel垂 re8earoh 1n 'e8oador , Colo電b1a has 1聽volved
preparatlon or a monograph onthe rar攝1ng syst。單 1n th1s 
• 
• 
. 
27 
昌11te wh10h aa been a 100瓏8 ot 0器 -tarm teat1n草 tor tb1a 
projeot a1noe 1981. The reaearoh dealgn tooussed on an 
analya1a of the relstlonah1p between 1聽tenslt10a毛主on ot land 
ua彎. tbrough tbe lntrod韓ot1on ot non-tradltlonal oropa s\孟oh
as beans and toma色oes wh10h are heavl1y fertl11ze益. and 
fam11Y struoture wh10b was to班nd to be an 1mporta器t var革"
編ble 1nflueno1ng tarmer reoeptlv1ty to lnnovat10ns. 
rhe st祖dy tlnds that tbe exten是ed ta攝11y struotura prov1de島
、 a 七ype of -satety-net- tor yo祖 ng tarmers , male and temale , 
當ho meet bsslo aubl警車每tenoe needs frolll 色be patr1monlal 
bold1ng where 0臨lt1vatlon ot trad1tlonal to。吾 orops
(oa轟終ava ， malze. plantal車終) and oash orops (pr1no1p轟117
oottee) 1s oonoentrate喔 enahl1ng tbe younger tarmers to 
take riaks w1 tb lnput.關lntensive new orops which they oult1卿
vate on sIDa11 holdings. 雪。r exa祖ple. Tab1e 31 111ustrates 
how farmer單 ln the 1n1tial stage of an e草tended tam11y bave 
been the 1揖novators w1th respeot to 1ntro謹u01ng 怠be tomato 
orop wh1告h re嘻祖1res beavy fert111zat10n to Pesoador. These 
are 70un揖 people ， e1tber unmarr1ed 01" 
l1v1ng w1th parents ，習ho 1nvest heav11y 
reoe路tly marr1ed , 
1祖 fert111zers. In 
cont l" aat , young people who have re位en 乞ly t"ormed a nuclear 
tam111 are relatlvely oonserv籠t1ve. and have as a group 
only pla草色 ed to揖atoes tor 1.5 years oompared w1th 5.2 year診
pla揖t1ng to臨atoea ot the1 1" oounterparts who have remalned 1n 
the extended fam11y. 81m11arly , parents ln the extended 
t"am11y ，單ature stage , are also oonservatlve wlth respeot to 
lnput use. 車揖ajor ooncluslon of th1s stud:r 1s that the 
def1nlt10n of reoommendat10n do綴a1ns tor on- t"arm testlng 
need to 00揖 a1der the 80010eoono聾10 t7pe of :f'a1l11 '1 structure 
as a var1able deter龜1n1ng reoeptlvlty to 1nnovat10ns suob as 
tert主 l1zer wh10h are land-augment1ng. 8 :11111arl '1, what have 
been ter誼ed -d1tfuslon doma1ns- 1n the tarll1ng systems 
28 
11teratur緣. tlla乞 1e tlle type of farmere to wIl101l reoomeoda-
t1008 8110盟主 d be exteoded through tra揖8fer programs , oa器
usefu11y be oons 乞ruoted 'li1tb respeot to fa經11y struoture 
var1ables. 
F1eld researob 1n Pesoa益。r has a180 1器、701ved prod 祖 ot10n
lf a v1deo-tape on the partl01pa毛or1 researoh 觀etbod010gy
eve10ped wl tb 揖d 謹 1t1o臨a1 s祖pport from the Ford Fo祖 odat1oll.
11m1ng 0揖 10位atlon w111 be vlrtua11y aomplete吐 by December , 
:;86 a且d the ed1ted tape w111 be ava11ab1e for d1stribut10蠶
by m1d-Maroh 1987. 
F1eld researah was a1so oond程。ted 1n 1盟babura Eouador. 
且 rap1d diagnost10 st誼dy was oonduo色。d. fo11owed up by a 
survey of 76 farmers 1n 00揖jUllot1oll w1色 h IN1AP. Th~ ma11l 
orops 10 the 11囂babura eystem are ma1ze , grown by 92事。f
far盟er怠， potatoes {62害。f farmer鳴" 011mb1ng beans (58~ of 
farmers) a器d bush beans (26賞。f far臨ers). 10 oon乞 rast to the 
Boyaoa sys 七em d1怠。ussed earller. 。聽1y 25害。f farmers use 
obem10a1 fert111zer誨 wh11e 83J of tbe farmers tert111ze 
organlo ter色111zers. Ma1ze 1s 色 he most 0。血mon1y tert111zed 
orop. w1tb potatoes seoond 10 1mportanoe. D1fferent souroes 
of organlo fert111zer 1n01u嘻 e farm yard 臨anure ， oh1oken 
ma器 ure ， and household ref祖 se (Tab1e 32). Fourteen peroe草色 。f
far盟ers actually made oompost. Tbe 1。當 rate of adoption of 
obem10al f'ert111zers 10 th1s system oannot be attributed to 
tradit10na11s臨:每6賞。f farmers ba晶 tr1ed improved orop 
var1eties and ~6 事 a180 ba垂 utilized ohemioa1 pest and 
d1sease control. Few farl進ers bow6ver , ba謹 receive桂 tecb揖 ioa1
assistaooe (18. 雄事) or agr1cultural ored1t (1 句%).
Tbe overa11 low rate of cbem1cal fertil1zer adoption was not 
evenly distributed acros扇 di t't'erent far臨 s1ze groups. As 
• 
. 
• 
• 
29 
Tab1e 33 111ustrate蟬， f'arms w1 th 1ess tban Jj ba串. bad 10w 
adopt1on rate息， and tarms w1tb over 50 bas. used no 母bem1ca1
1'ert111zer at a11 (a1thougb 毛b帶 血泊臨bèr ot oases 1n th1s 
stratum 1s so sma11 as to req祖1re oaut10揖 1n 1n terpret1ng 
th1s t1gure). 1n contrast bet軍~en 40 to 50 percent 0 1' 1'ar祖s
1n tbe s1ze oategor1e轟 between 每色。 50 hectarea翁 had adopted 
chem1oa1 1'ert111zers. 囂。看iever ， 1t 18 1混portant to note tbat 
th1s trend 1轟 reversed wlth respeot to the adopt1on 01' other 
色 eohn010g1e8. 1s Tab1e 3 每 111祖strate器. the very s 盟星星11
1'armers w1th 1 ha or 1es8 had a 80 percent adoptlo誰 rate 1'or 
var1et1es , exoeede蓮。且1y by the very 1arge 1'arms over 50 ha 
1n s1ze. 
Wh11e these da乞a a l'e 0揖1y 1n the 1n1t1al 8 乞ages 01' 
analysls. these pre11m1nary 1' 1車站re8 sugge8t that tbere may 
be 1mpol' tant soope 1'or lntroduc1ng 00轟 t-re噱誼。1ng 1'ert111zer 
tecbnology to s詛a11 1'arms (less tban 揖 ha 1聽 s1ze 1n th1s 
sal盈ple) where other new teohnoloεles have a1ready taken 0 1'1' • 
30 
Lat1n 蟲鶴。1'10an Pho穆 pbate Rook Hetwo 1'k 
The IFDC/CIAT/1DRC Pbospho 1'us P1'ojeot has been wo 1'k1ng 
終1noe 1977 w1tb bas10 tund1ng t 1'om IDRC ot Canada. The 
O亨e1'a11 objeo 毛主ve ot tbe p 1'oJeot bas been 乞be 1'ese a.1'ob fo :r 
a1te :rnat1ve uses ot 1nd1genou揖 phospba乞 e 1'ook (PR) fo 1' 
te 1't111ze 1' 祖se 1n A且dean agrlou1色揖re. Due 色。 tbe dlve 1's1ty 
ot PR oha1'aoterlst10器， s011s and o 1'opp1n革 systems wltbin tbe 
Andean 1' eg10盟 f a Lat1n 真絲e 1' 10an P蠶 Netwo 1'k was o1' eated to 
sta1' t oooperat1ve 1'eeea1'oh on the 翅ost pro聽1s1ng app1'oacbes 
of 1no 1'eas1ng 色be efteot1veness ot the 100a1 PRs. The 
蠶etwo 1'k was fo1'ma11y estab11she謹 1n Feb1'ua1'Y 1985 at a 
meet1n在 o 1'gan1zeó by 1FDC as pa 1' t ot the c祖r 1' ent Pbosphorue 
projeot aot1vit1es. Tbe I囂。 et1ng was he1d at C1轟T tao1l 1t1e串
1n Ca11 , C010mb1龜， wh10b host tbe Pbospborus projeot Team. 
51x 00祖ntr1es a 1'e p1' esent1y members of tbe Network: Bo11v1a , 
Co10mbl袋， Cos ta R1ca , 囂。uado 1'， Mex100 an嘻 Pe1'u. Co話聽t 1'1es
1n 色be netwo1'k a 1' e 1' epresen色 ed by 5011 501e器t1sts f1' ol單
Nat1ona1 轟g 1' 10草1tural Resea1'oh 1盟st1tutions.
Du1' 1ng tbe t1 1'st yea 1' of a車 t1vit1es ， pa1'tlolpat1ng 
lnst1tut10ns sent to IFDC hea嘻嘻日arters phosphate rock終 trom 
tbe1r countr1es. Tbe 忽e phosphate rocks a 1' e belng used 1n 乞be
produot10n of test fert11ize 1's mater1a1路， s 話 ob as pa 1' t1a11y 
aoldulated PR's (PAPR' 息) and to supp1y those 盟aterlals to 
network 揖embe 1's to 1' a.gronom1c 怠。stlng. Dur1ng 1958/8忌， tbe 
f0110w1ng materlals we 1' e recelved: two tons of Hu11a PR 
(Colomb1a) , 5 色。ns of Bayovar PR (Peru) , 2 tons of Napo PR 
(Ecuador) and 2 tons of Cap1盤。ta PR (Bo l1v1a). Dur1ng tb1s 
sa聽e period , tbe fo110wi聽車 test fert11izers we 1'e produced by 
tbe Fert111zer Teob揖 010gy D1v1s1on an是 sent to network 
part1c1pants: su1fu1' ic acid baaed Bui 1a P 且PR 個50事
(5轟B輛自F且PR-50事)， Bayovar 5且B-P轟F章-25J and 50 草， 幫apo
a 
• 
、-
和' 
'. 
. 
31 
SI.:B-PAPR齡25書 and 50事. and Cap1nota S轟轟-P轟P蠶-25' a點d 5白，.
Re8earoh witb tbese mater1a1a was 1n1t1氯ted 垂 ur1ng the 
aeoond seme8ter 01 1986. 
In1t1a1 aoU.v1t1es 01 tbe 賞。 twork part10ipant8 us1ng 
t'1ne11 gro睡nd Pl!'s d 祖ring tbe fir8t year were devo色 ed to 
researob 。且邀處聽agement praot10e8 to 1norea8e the effeot1可7e­
ne88 of tbe1r 100a1 PR8. Researob aoti v1t1e8 1no1uded: 1} 
time and method of app110at10n a8 1nf1uenoe謹 by 8011 proper-
t1es and or話p requ1rel蠶ent8; 2) 器攝e of PR a8 a 8011 amendme且t
001單plement w1th 801ub1e souroes; 3)m1xturea of PR w1tb 
materia18 8祖ob a8 organ1o 誰也nure8 to promote solubil1色y; 轉 3
2盟1xture8 01 the PR w1th otber fert111zer8 read11y 廳、F揖ilab1e
to tbe far趣。 r; and 5) ldent1f1oat10n of 事be I祖ost appropr1ate 
means of part1al a01du1at10n tor eaob ot tbe PR 80uroe8. 
5etwork part101pa揖ta oond誼。ted t1e1d reaearob 0囂。ne or 囂。re
ot the 1tems 118ted above. 
轟ttaobed to 主h1a report 18 Appen益主Z 主. wh10b prese揖t8
the pre1iminary re揖u1ta of 轟reenbo峰8e and t1e1d exper1ment揖
pre8ented by network part101pants of B01iv1a. Costa 110a and 
Mex100 duri轟轟 the 8eoo誼d meet1臨摹8 he1d 1揖 May 1986 1聽 Qu1to. 
Eoua位。r. Re8u1t8 obta1ned by IC1 I 。器。11 Program (Colomb1a 
net章lork part101pant) are presented and d1so臨8sed 1n th18 
report. Exper1髓。nts PF6SC1 to PF6SC 蝠. PF6s蠶 1 to PF6S叢3.
PF6RSl to PF6蠶5萬. PF8糞31 to PF8草草3. and PF10RS1 to PF10RS4. 
were oonduo色。d by IC鼻 '8 5011 Program Per80n囂。1.
Re8ult8 obta1ned 1n Colomb1a and Costa 110a oont1rmed 
tbat broadoa8t and 1noorporat1on (B&I) 1a tbe beat 臨ethod 0 1' 
applloat1。囂。f t1nely ground P囊，每 (GPR'8). In 80118 of h1gh 
P sorption oapa器1ty. wbere PI8 prese蠶t8 1'er1 10w agrono觀10
etteotl 1'ene88. 器真事-P1PI'8 oan be app11e喝 B&工 。r po1nt p1aoe謹
32 
(farmers method) w1th 00 ù1fference 1n orop re8pOn8e. Better 
agronom1o reau1ts were obta1ned wheo GP且給 were app11e這 30 or 
15 day轟 before pla器 t1ng tban at p1ant1ng t1me. App11oat10ns 
of GP章 '8 as a訟endmen乞 11 are abow1ng res1dua主 effeo 主 s tbat 
1norease y1e1d8 for 怎be aeoon垂 and tb1rd orops. Prom181ng 
resulta were obta1ned 1n Bo11v1a a聽這 Mex1co w1tb 溫1xture8 of 
p章 's w1th organ1c man揖re揖 and ammon1um su1ta七 e. Su1fur added 
tc P章，終桂1d not 1mproved the agronom1o effec色1ve器ess of the 
F 麓 '11 • 
聽ext year , network aot1v1t1e8 軍1111 oonoen色rate on f1eld 
test1ng , un益er d1fferent s0118 and oropp1ng systems ot the 
PAP囂 's produoe晶 a乞 IFDC h發聽是有uarters.
Prev10U8 exper1enoe ga1攏。d 1n Colo聽b1a 1nd10ate8 that 
PA produots oan perform 轟轟rono阻10a11y a8 well a8 801uble P 
fert111zer8 on a01挂 1nfert11e 80118. However , the use ot PA 
pro拉克10乞 8 oan be extended 色。 1e88 a01d or to neu tra1 1n f'er-
t11e s011結. Eoonom1c stud1e8 performed by the projeot 1n 
Co1omb1a 1nd10ates that produot1on and use of PRs and PAPR's 
18 a feas1b1e alternat1ve to s 區bllt1tute P 1mportat1onll to 
the Andea蠶 oountr1es.
• 
、
33 
Tab1e 賞。. 1 8um臨ry 01 草zper1闊的11 Colld臨的“ dur組& 1985 
(2nd 8e磁輔ter) 組d 吟86 (1的 S喘鴨"的
-帥----闕------爛----圈，輛._-------﹒岫﹒圖---酬-----酬，矗--...胸削闕._-咽帥----.. 伽----吋帥----瞋.顱--_.蟬，祖-_.岫-
Exper1m曲t Crop Lo翎tlon Depe.rta矗儡t P 80祖roea T髓ted
ID 
--棚.. 耐輛.-貓..._---_ ... 恥----阱------呵------------勵.國-----_.輛輛._---崎闢-------_.恤.國_.由_.帽-_.闕，周酬..闕，
a. 8e肌體terB. 1985 
PF182SS Ma1ze E1 Granad1110 Cauca '1'81，鼓P章， PAHP1I 
PF183SS 必a1ze E1 S叫orro C阻且ca TSP , BP贅， PA揖111
P118持 Beanll La LLanada Ca揖ca T81 , 結Pll ， P轟鼓P1I
PF185 Beana E18∞orro C峙。a '1'81 .即囂， PA單路
P12811 Bea帥 La 181ea1a C毆且ca T8P , BP麓， BP對+T81
P1381SS Beana La 181es1a Cauoa Amen甜的g
PF382SS Beana El Granad1110 Cauoa 真Z盟endments
PF381i Beans Dn. J誼11a Cauca AI!轎車垂ments
PF482 Beans E1 Granad111。 Cauca K1xturea 
lF681 lotatoea La 1&le81a C祖峙。a K1x色ures
PF6SCl PO綠色。臨 '1'au88 CI鵬roa 聽.1xt祖re器
PF6SC2 Potatoes Us總@ CI毆roa K1xt曉rea
PF68C3 Potatoes Fi.rav1toba C/lII8roa K1xturea 
PF68C持 P泌的。組 San Jorge CI鵬roa 聽ixture.!器
PF6sNl PO悅色。闆 1p1ales Harino K1xtures 
PF6SN2 Potatoes 虫草根err臨 聲ar1no 版1xtur.es
PF68N3 Potatoea 主訟油器 Nar1no K1xtures 
se扭曲ter A.明立全86
PF2S1SS Bea蠶8 La Iglesia Ca盟。a 設P 1I.'1'8P ， BP恥T8P
PF38總$ Beans D且. Ju11a Cauoa 主島發nd國割ots
PF61181 Potatoes '1'，甜醜 C/lII8roa Mixtures 
PF61182 Potatoes San Jorge C/maroa K1xtures 
PF6RS3 Potatoea Usme CI臨aroa Kixtures 
PF級別 Potatoea Ventaquemada Boyaαa K1xtures 
PF8llS2 Potato輔 8a揖 Jorge CI臨roa Kixtur臨
PF81183 Potat。間 Tausa CI臨roa Kixt誼res
PF10llS1 Potatoes 8ubaoboque C/I臨rca F孟HPR ， TSP , CH 
PF10RS2 Potatoes Usme-Olarte Boy毯。a PABP囂， T8P , CH 
PF10llS3 Potatoes Kotav1ta Boyaoa F轟BP章. T8P , CH 
PF10認為 Potatoell V111ap1nzon CI閣roa P轟BPR. T8P , CH 
PF1 2S1 Potatoes La Ig1es1a Ca誼oa BP1I, PAHP章， T8P 
PF13 Bean8 La單lIouela Cauca BP章. P轟琵PR ， TSP 
lF1481 Beans se且竄融18.d10 Va11.。 BPR , P且HP量， T8P 
lF1482 Ma1ze 8an Emigdio Va11e BP晨. PA益P頁， T8P 
陣----賴---------恥"且-.團..圖.-咱闕.._--﹒闕，帥-.回._---兩側--_.喝._.翩._.幽.-論..._--﹒翩..闕._.幽..動---------蚓愉..峙.-.國._.酬，司---帽棚..._--
3揖
雪紛主e 10.2 Jl祖trient co紛tent ot Prωuota T輔t“-
-旬..._-----圓.-陸樹.._--開._-佳"“._--... 開明.--信﹒間.._--------間-“‘削檢測----... 恥"枷._-_.. 恥----﹒‘-----_.. ‘﹒旬._.闕，翩翩._-~岫._--_.闕._----
Produot 車 l' E Ca "轟 s 
T。色aJ. 當S CS 
，國*--_.開戰前胸..輸._.圖.. 間._-.. ﹒闖關.. 國.._--_.輸.. 團酬--_.闕.._-----------帳苟...------姆"區-司國._-區，闕，甸回._---_.闕.._---------島----
…一……一…………H
H1'R 8 9.6 s 1.5 .011 28.1 .13 。時除草 (50事} 8 7.9 3.8 .7 .02 21.2 .08 8.4 
TSP 。 20.0 17.0 3.0 .03 13.6 .03 s ‘ CK 1.8-3.0 1.2-3.3 
-
1.1-2.9 .6-11.6 .5-1.1 
DAP 18 20.0 19.0 1.0 。 e 8 Lime 。 s 。 g 。 21.5 11. 1J G Urea 46 。 8 。 s 。 。 G 15 21 。 a 。 e s s 24.0 Gyp單獨 。 c 。 e 。 29.0 e 20.0 Sultur 。 。 e G 。 D 。 90.0 
----棚._.蟑螂帥--且，間-蟬，相岫-_.醋，闕----回國，嘟"酬，嘲.._--蟬，嘲蟬鳴----------... 吋刪.------咽帥，闢----.輸"帽----_.闕._-﹒-_.帥，酬，蠅---
• 
35 
Table 囂。. 3 Seleoted 8011 Cbaracter1st1os Cor BXper1m訟ts1 S1tes. 
---~闕------_.剛樹刪除棚._-蟬---_.闕._.闕，嘯，岫闕._-----_.閉---------﹒.._-_.棚.._--他----劍"岫嘲輛輛.. 帥---.... 宜-
軍海er1mωt F 
m (i! pH 卸﹒揖y 1 Ca 陶 K Al J Al Fb:at1on 
.盼---------倒輛輛..------------間..岫----﹒闢﹒---且嘯~----柵欄'--叫牌.“陸續，圖，珊.-闕，“._-且---... “------."團，，-----
句，
Sem!帥ter 島， 19草草
• PF1S2SS 8.11 每.雪 1.3 1 緯揖 0.9 0.6 1.5 3再 .5 58.0 
PF1S38S 1.5 事.每 1.5 O.每 0.2 0.1 3.每 80.雪 39.0 
PF1S每 9.5 5.1 3.1 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.7 53.0 揖7.0
PF155 7.6 見 .6 3.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 3.7 §趣，。 36.單
PF2S1A 7.9 5.6 1.0 2.9 0.7 。 .11 0.5 11.6 60.0 
PF351器器 7.7 5.1 1.4 O.每 0.1 0.1 3.2 8揖 .8 57.0 
PF3S2SS 8.1 5.2 2.6 1.7 。 .11 0.5 2.0 每每.1 55.0 
PF3S每 3.會 再 .8 3.5 1.7 0.6 0.2 2.7 52.8 31.0 
PFIIS2 5.雪 5.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.1 轉3.5 65.0 
、 PF651 7.9 5.2 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.3 81.9 66.0 
PF6SC1 22.5 聲 .7 (15) 1.1 。闢 2 0.3 每 .5 13.8 
PF紹給 13.會 5.1 (1壘} 聲 .3 0.5 O.雪 1.5 20.8 
PF6SC3 毒，會 5.9 (36) 10.11 0.3 0.3 
PF65C4 19.1 5.6 {會} 2.' 0.3 0.2 
PF6Slf1 4.3 章 .5 51.1 5.每 1.' 0.8 0.1 1.每 11.0 
PF65麗2 1.2 5.7 31.2 8.0 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.會
PF6S盟3 車 .6 5.1 3.8 惡 .3 1.3 1.0 0.2 2.3 21.0 
Sem聞ter A, 1986 
PF2S1SS 7.雪 5.6 1.0 2.9 0.7 O.揖 0.5 ".6 60.0 
PF3S4SS 3.9 11.8 3.5 1.7 0.6 0.2 2.7 52.8 31.0 
PF6RS1 22.5 11.7 <1 5.0) 1.1 0.2 0.3 每 .5 13.8 
PF6蠶52 19.1 5.6 (9.0) 2.1 。 .3 0.2 
PF草草S3 13.9 5.1 (1 揖 .0) 聲 .3 0.5 0.9 1.5 20.8 
PF8RS1 12.0 再 .4 20.2 0.6 0.1 0.11 5.5 事3.每 轟轟 .0
PF8RS2 16.1 !:i.控 1.5 2.8 0.3 0.2 1.5 31.9 67.0 
PF8RS3 23.7 5.6 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.6 每 .6 70.6 65.0 
PF10畏81 21.7 5.每 1.0 華 .0 1.0 1.0 1.7 18.2 69.0 
PFl0RS2 13.2 5.0 1.0 2.6 0.3 0.7 1.3 26.7 6持 .0
PF10RS3 1會 .5 4.6 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 7.趣 83.2 70.0 
PF10RS4 5.1 5.0 1會 .3 3.7 0.9 O.揖 0.7 12.2 惡 .0
a‘ PFl 2S1 7.8 5.3 1.控 1.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 3祖悔。 38.0 
PF13 12.8 每 .5 1.0 1.3 O.每 0.3 1.3 38.5 61.0 
PF14S1 7.5 再 .8 1.2 2.2 1.每 O.每 2.1 主每 .2 39.0 
PF14S2 車 .6 4.會 1.5 2.0 1.1 O.句 2.7 每3.5 3雪 .0
-圈圈，扭扭恥-..岫棋輪訓關._--~闕，棚-_.岫-~-----姆"翎闕，..國--_.國曲峰，牌，恥"牌------.帥-----﹒間岫國蹋輛-欄輛輛輛輛缸-----帽﹒闕----缸----.佩
Note :萬祖mbers 1且 parenthes1s = Ppp姐趾'ay II 
Table 聲。.聲"的111鵬F 祖d Crop 紡咐閉目aed tor 囂。∞咽10
Evaluat10趴 (Sep色棚:ber 1985) 
"……………一一…懈可……柵欄---一一一--…一….一…………一---
Ita區 Un1ts Prioe 
------關偷偷伽偏偏偏偏----﹒.-侖，偏偏偏騙--輛...馳"﹒劑"柵欄鵬偏偏-----------輛輛輛偷-酬-
?虫也
Beana $/11 120 
織主甜 $結S 32 
Potatoes $/11 20 
詣的111帥"
HPR 串/11 ot Pl'<訓iluot 12 
事/lg of P 125 
TSP 事111 ot Pro是uot 持。
$/lg ot P 200 
P轟餃單 $/11 ofP1'攝制色 16 
車/lg ot P 200 
Ch10ken Han誼re $/11 ot Produot 8 
$/1:車。t P 35巷
13-2且-06 事111 of P1'od祖的 5且
$/lg of P 350 
Urea 車f峙。fProd揖雄主 38 
鈴聲悔n1閥 Sultate $，肉。t Pr喝喝t 3位
Gypm抽 $/11 of Produot 5 
KCl $/lg of Prod姐的 3惡
SulfUr. $/lg of Produot 28 
…﹒備輛………一…一輛
36 
. 
• 
• 
. 
31 
'l'ab1e Ho.事 Ka1ze R輯ponse to Ditf'erent P 50韓roes and App110atlon 
秘eth04s.
………………一……一……一…一…--…一…--……一個…-…里海erl國倒t P 80祖rce Appli揖tlon RelD'臨1110n Coetti01甜" 草棚Sq.
ID Kethod Intercept b 車站1縛，
一一--------------一個，--一一一一一鯽，一…--……一…--柵欄
PF1S訟S TSP 做哈姆總sted D 181.且是.. .87 
TSP 約帥@矗 222.墨9"
F轟HPR Broa矗oast輯2 185.391111 
PAHPR P18000 281.每5"
智囊 Bro訟。asted 2惡 .42
第PR P1aoOO 22.17 
P1183SS TSP Bl'o祖ioast甜1 。 213.每31111 .83 
'l'SP P1aoOO 3車5.81..
F轟HPR 驗嚕adoasted 226.61" 
PAHPR P1aoOO 353.7511• 
HPR Bl'o甜10as色。d t揖9.06"
單PR P1aOM 115.67" 
﹒圓圓---_.枷輛輛，間--﹒闕._--.闕..----幢--_.恤酬._-輔坤---輛輛輛輛--幢幢嘲愉悅---酬._-帥--個爛爛蚣，國-----牌----岫耐.._--闕.-
.11 8ignitio置的 P <.01 
38 
'1'able 薯。. 6 11.揖ulte ot the 馳。naa10 AnalJ81a ot the R輯pon側 ot Ha1綠色。
P Sou:roes Rn!垂真學，pl1oat1on Ke泊。da
--岫......_-臨恤-闢---個唔..__.. 臨--剛-咱.._--_.輛輛._---蟬-------闕，開._-圖--﹒軒φ闕.-恥備闕------疇-------咽-----
Exper1續給t ~ _ ~ou:.~~~ 1 。pt1D11且 1110rel.8e8 111: 轟轟烈)11揖1110 V/C 
ID App. Keth. DOSe8 Yield 囂。t Retur鳴，學 Ett101enoy 1I.8t10 
--﹒‘四"回呵圖-----苟，徊-------_.岫-哺蟑螂樺樹---_... ﹒蟬酬，酬柵欄，棚.-‘融._-酬，咱..融融個._--~祠-閉...峙-珊._-----訟，闕，爛爛﹒輛._---.國﹒剛剛紗，岫
E囂。t P/ha 叢囂/ha 事/ha Kg/kg 
PF1S2SS TSP/BC 29.0 611.2 13153 21.1 3.主
'1'SP/PL 35.1 196.6 18360 22.3 3.6 
PABPII./BC 2雪 .1 628.11 1轉11車 21.2 3.每
PABP草IPL 每5.0 1011.6 252喜轟 23.8 3.8 
BPII./BC 1.3 56.耳 車雪5 1.8 2.0 
游PR/PL 5.1 38.5 522 6.8 1.7 
PF1器鈴S TSPI草C 聲3.1 1033.1 2持重11 23.6 3.8 
TSP/PL 61.1 15警車 .6 385莘莘 25.8 11.1 
、 PABPII./BC 36.3 車1揖 .0 181費3 22.韓 3.革
PABPII./PL 56.6 111釘 .7 3轉361 25.2 每 .0
BPII./BC 單單 .2 5112.8 12601 1轉 .2 3.6 
BPII./PL 2事.6 391.雪 88110 13.2 3.且
.-幢幢幢----_.置--問恤.__.__.岫酬--祖----摳，輛輛闕._----_.闕---臨-_.酬，嘲.-酬，相帽_.耐'.-間.-蠅軒..棚，嘲輛輛輛------_.神精闖關個-輛輛--.闕，
'BC忽必'08是值的。d
PL:Plaoed 
3會
Tab1e 賞。 .1 1le凶a 車制.pOlløe to DU't\甜甜t P SO\U'O甜甜d .l，ppl1輛“如
Methodll. 
.-.樺樹-_.酬..回..鍋.-酬..恥-..國帥.。酬----輛輛，闕._-酬...._--珊，頌-帽..勵--帽帥----酬-恤--酷----圈...---_ ... 恥棚"闕._---闕..恥--_.輸H旬，
E紗帽'lment P 80祖roe 轟Pr.~~~\on 118greaalon Coettlo1entB 車輛$電﹒
ID Metbod Intøroept b Yaluell 
--一…-…………… 、v --﹒蝴嚕--_.. 無------~帽，則祉，則壘-_.峰-蟬----闕，酬，瀰._.闡明輛輛帥.個“._.闕...
• PP1S4 TSP 做可adcas乞ed 101.每 189.8事.. .62 TSP P180祕 189.09.. 
BP糞 Bro泌曲a眉毛ed 109.1君..
務PR Plaoed 100.18" 
PP1S5 TSP Bro到oasted e 122.68" .62 
TSP P180B桂 18會.78"
臨時 BJ'oadoa的“ 每5.23"
BPR P主aoed 53.3轉..
PP13 TSP 路， 15 Day器 BP 67.5 232.31" .68 
TSP E攝C，直t Pl8D.t 1ng 2每7.87"
TSP PL, At Plantl必轟 261.17" 
PABPR 訟， 15 Daye BP 198.52.. 
PABPR 00 ，轟t Plant1ng 183.95" 
PABPR PL, At P1ant1ng 210.6雪..
BPR l!C, 15 Days BP 90.08" 
BPR 00 ，轟t P1值t1ng 1 言。 .28"
錢PR 恕. At P1ant:偏喜 83.3轉彎彎
PF2S1A 音容F At P1帕拉ng B 239.0會.. ,85 
TSP 30 Days BP 185.97" 
TSP司~BPlI At P1甜ti時 20雪 .111"
TSP+BPR 30 Day8 BP 190.01" 
激PR 車t P1a單t1ng 105.76" 
BPR 30 Days 激P 109.081t11 
PF2S1SS TSP At Pli臨tinε 723.5 108.40" .30 
TSP 30 Days 器P 109.10" 
. 
TSPφBPR At pl磁t1ng 76.10+ 
TSP+HPR 30 Days 股 100.10. 
蕊PR At P1ant車站 G 
BPR 30 Days BP 13.24 
γ……一…一……一…一一…一一…-一棚--一…一一………圓圓圓"…一一…一個輛輛輛
BP=Bef'ore P主antl揖直
110 
Table 賀。. 8 章辦ulta of the 囂。。詛叫“轟轟alys1a of the R揖ponS6 of Be部11 to 
P Souroes and App11oatlo蠶 Methωs
-----胡..._------_.闕._--咽..._---------帥.._----_.國.-﹒闕..削"司闕，翎酬------_.翩..輸'-'輸.胡訓~-_.鷗回...-----_.翩砂#耐*胡-----‘---恥"恥胡"雖-區，輸.
Experl阻甜的 F Sow-eef1 oEpOtiSu鷗u揖 Inoress8S 1n: 主gro臨的泌的 V/C 
ID App. Heth. Y1eld 草et Returna Effioienoy Ratio 
蟬-----_.圖開﹒圓圓司間._---------脹，關圓._-“"棚.--區-----脹--_.翩----------_.翩酬--------_.闕..擻_..前_.闕._--翩翩眸鴨-割肉祉.﹒---個國--_.幽.-
Kg/Ha Kg/Ba $/& Kg/K草
PF1S4 TSP/BC 113.9 899.2 85123 ?看書 峰 .7
TSP/PL 113.5 89趣 .1 8持668 7.9 每 .1
HPRlBC 10每 .8 501.6 持181 惡 持 .8 每 .1
HPR/PL 96.2 聲51.每 42811 4.8 每 .6
PF1S5 TSP/BC 13.6 521.每 轟8563 7.2 11.3 
TSP/PL 113.9 898.6 85060 1.9 每 .7
HPR/BC 每3.每 110.6 15040 3.9 3.8 
HPR/PL 51.2 209.會 18192 4.1 3.9 
PF13 TSP/BC , 15 HP 139.為 11111.0 10雪159 喜 .2 每 .9
TSP/BC , AP 1118.1 1239.9 11書。39 8.3 5.0 
TSP/PL ，車P 150.0 1308.3 126993 喜 .1 5.2 
PAHPR/跡， 15 BP 119.1 9轉8.9 90011耳 8.0 4.8 
PAHPR/BC , AP 110.11 865.3 8115會 1.8 峙 .1
P主HP蠶IPL ， AP 126.4 1019.6 91015 8.1 再 .8
HPR/BC. 15 HP 86.5 401.7 31每色。 每 .6 每 .5
HPRI此，直F 105.會 514.1 每8地6祖 每 .9 起 .1
HPRlPL，主P 50.0 326.0 29123 6.5 3.9 
PF281直 T8P/轟p 1轉3.5 1187.3 113188 8.3 5.0 
T8P/30 BP 111.6 876.8 82900 7.會 4.1 
TSP+BPR/AP 125.6 1012.1 事6326 8.1 4.8 
T8P+HPRI部紛 114.0 899.9 85185 7.9 每 .7
BPR/且P 101.5 488.6 且5947 起 .8 每 .6
BPR/30 BP 1。每 .1 507.每 4779每 4.8 每 .7
PF281SS T8P/AP 革5.0 每 52.6 斗1 主00 7.0 持 .2
T8P/30 BP 65.5 轉5嘉樂2 每 1651 7.0 且 .2
TSP+BPR/AP 45.7 290.8 25763 6.11 3.8 
T8PφHPR/30 BP 60.1 1109.9 37181 6.8 每 .1
BPR/AP e 
BPR/30 BP 12.7 33.7 2祖51 2.6 1.6 
，---袖...------恤--------恥--------_.關盼胡...__....啊，恥---盒，開._-通馳.-劫-咽闡'---'國缸..幽幽恥..恥論"‘-民--------賢---隘--_.圓圓._--.....幽..個.. 恥"闕，
AP=At p主義揖色1ng
起 1
Table 贅。 .9 Be組S 聲細pon鞠切 D1tterent P Souro甜帥d $011 Amend盟鐵"
--_ ... 吋..﹒捌----禪喇學﹒間._-酬崗-----_.酬---、酬，潮.._----------_.啊.__.團..樟棚廳，帥~----_.帥-_.世._-測.._--國..闕--_.國---
E海er1臨睡色 P Souroe 主澈。且是輯到臨t !!ß!:輔810n Coett1c1ents R-5唾﹒
ID Intercept b Values 
翻翻._-_.刪除.唔.._-_.關恥，關._.酬，咱..﹒.蟬，‘._---‘"陣--樹"枷---_.闕...風嚕.-喝闕._----------恥-----_.酬，曲...__.酬~----角..風.__.恤..悔訓"‘-
PF3S1SS 全SP Control G 1 韋鈺 .32" .88 
、 TSP+BPR COlI trol 182.7會..
BPR Control 95.1'. 
TSP HPR 認O.每7 131.82" 
TSP+BPR 諺PR 123.87" 
務PR BPR 5轟 .96
TSP L1盟@ 1雪1.3會 E2O29O 93.. 
TSP+BPR L1me 
-.32 1.. 
議PR L1me 車1.~2*
TSP 路路φL1鷗 18揖 .18 181.每O.空
TSPφBPR 錢PR司令L1me 158.79.. 
HPR 經PR+L1鵬 5雪 .58
PF3S2SS TSP Control 151.09 175.58" .90 
TSP+HPR Control 201.57" 
BPR Control 87.01. 
TSP IIPR 3為 1.33 110.115.. 
TSP+惡PR 錢PR 141.50.. 
IIPli BPR 50.11 
t紛 L1lI蟬 99.06 231.72" 
TSP司令草PR L1祖@ $會0.73"
當P囂 Lime 75. 趣。呵，
TSP BPRφL1臨 299.73 211.85" 
TSPφ抵PR 蠶PR+L1鞠 158.是喜..
錢PR HPR司~L1me 每 1.9句
----論-_.圓.-.略翎闕.. 翩.__...-.輸蟬，酬，已-.旬開制剛做_.關'-'闕..翩._.旬.__.棚"鴨..._-----_.個------.. ‘'翩..﹒---_....鷗._-_.. 恥...__ ... 旬.恥闌珊，看用.-崎伊拉.恥‘明白-
. 
轟 2
Table NO.9 付給t. ) 扭曲15 蠶描p。且帥 to D1f'f'el明t P So峰ro甜制d Sol1 
車mendments
.悟-_.間長﹒司._--.. 做---明.悍﹒間..霞，“盼苟闢帳--此，興..司咽._.司~-_.. “._--------翩翩..翩._-唔-.雖鴨---咱肉------恥-----四._--﹒闕，“"輸--------
E海er1祖關t P Souroe 真臨ndm組t 車略F甜s10n Coeffioients 草棚還建﹒
m Intercept b Valuee 
'暉_.姐....._-峭.._--蟬，棚.-轍..柵欄，帽.輛.._---蟬恥-訓.輸﹒僧._-關悔棚.._--珊._---訓..恥-------兩..枷岫融制制潮.國._-_ .. 腳爛爛，潮.嘲論，嘲﹒抽.._-.......蝕，盼輛輛輛輛輛.
1'F3S每 TS1' Co墨色E哈工 158.66 170.22" .93 
TSPφ.HPR Control 205.36** 
誼PR Control 會2.57+
TSP HPR 58揖.華3 62.7忌，
TSP+HP囂 HP囂 100.50** 
HP單 話PR 岳0.31呵，
TSP Lime 561.21 128.36*" 
TSP+HPR Li師 13局 .69111
HPR L1攝車 3居 .07
T8P 越F叢+Li鵬@ 706.97 是缸 .35+
TSP+HPR HPR司令L1me 57.113 
HPR HPR+Li鵬 10.13 
PF3S每ss TS1' Control 108.事會 27轟 .00" .會2
T81'+誼PR Co器trol 238.116" 
琵PR Control 152.84" 
TS1' HPR 607.90 106.69* 
TS1'φHPR HPR 1 。每 .2車學
HP冀 談PR 75.53 
TSP L1me 774.03 171.35" 
TSP+HPR Li鵬 1每6.88**
HPR L1I鞠 93.06+ 
T81' HP恥u臨 會1每 .87 100.78* 
TSP+茲PR 震1'R+L1me 72.每 1
HPR 誼PR+Li輯也 19.27 
-‘-輛-因..隘，幽~-_.訓..闕.. 勵._----------_.翩._-_...._...--祖師驗鼻闕，胡...__.闕~---_.翩傅-------酬.讀.-﹒陶-----四...娘..﹒...四._-_.棚，--
• 
轉3
Table No. 10 R揖祖lts of the 章。你也110 Analyså of 給e Response of Be組s to 
P S倒是roes and Sol1個eooments
爛爛.. 喃--旬，柵欄岫闕-.甜繪圖..蟬，國-...-_.國-.國-----前.曲._-----嘲...._-_.棚"闕._---酬._------.懈繭----_ .. 眸-.咀._...-_-_0“._-_ .. 桐._-_.酬，耐像個-
輩革per1輯出自t P Sour鋪/ Opt1泌ln Increas輯 in: 轟gronc融10 V/C 
ID Ame甜lØ1ent Ðoses Y1eld 囂e乞1Ie說1r司IlS 蠶f'f'101enoy 草at10
值爛._.‘_.岫_.轉--吋樺樹.. 儡圓圓_.嗯，輛蟬------_.棚"峙，由._-----_.闕._--_.帥-_.輔相關.. 爛._----﹒國.酬棚--圈.__.. 暉_.牌-輛輛輛國﹒闕.-珊御.__.關----峙，輛輛輛削帽，
勾結a Ig/Ba $1聽a Kg/Kg 
‘ 
PF3S1SS TSP/Control 75.6 5轟6.7 5。每每7 7.2 每 .3
TSP+HPRlCon乞rol 100.0 8111.6 81013 車，每 5.1 
BP義IControl 91.會 揖32.7 聲。每3每 為 .7 轟 .5
實SP/BP1I 79.1 576.1 53316 7.3 4. 每
TSP+BPR/BP蠶 ?每 .3 533.7 每量177 7.2 每 .3
BPR/HP草 52.6 218.0 195的 持 .1 每 .0
T8P/L1鷗 100.0 1056.9 107064 10.6 6.每
、 TSP+HPRlL1me 1位器，。 922.5 90695 9.2 5.5 BPR/L1訟。 76.0 353.6 32712 每 .5 揖.主
TSP/HPR+L1揖 100.0 635.11 80245 6.11 5.0 
TSP+H照/BPR+L1蜘 95.3 723.6 67773 7.6 持 .6
BPRlHPRφ.L1揖 57.2 2每1.1 21781 每 .2 每 .0
PF3S2SS TSP/control 100.0 皂白6.6 77029 8.1 持.會
TSP;i但PR/Control 100.0 955.9 94707 9.6 5.7 
寫P1I/Control 63.區 365.每 35195 每 .6 提.每
T8PI草PR 66.3 463.2 每2330 1.0 每 .2
TSP+HPR/BPR 車轉 .9 628.5 56轉36 1.每 峙.每
BPRI蠶PR 118.1 194.1 11278 聲 .0 3.9 
T8P/L1驅e 1位0.0 1067.1 108053 10.7 6.峰
TSP+HPR/L1盟e 100.0 676.3 車5幕。1 8.8 5.3 
BPR/L1鷗 72.每 322.雪 296會5 揖 .5 轟 .3
TSP/BPR+Li勵@ 10唱).0 會75.6 91013 會 .8 5. 會
TSP+HPR/BPR+L1鵬 95.2 723.0 67713 7.6 每 .6
BPR/BPR+Lime ljO.3 15每 .9 13561 3.8 3.7 
-胡--司..._--吋棚~---叫闕..__ ... 峰-_.圖.-‘"祉，“輸血_.間._-依油----_.闕.-.輸.._----醉，蟬..伽甸回._.ω.. 輸峙，關陸咽-_.胸旬削"'---"﹒.-團圓缸，恤金___4圈.._--------姐..闕~---﹒棚._-
Iê'、
尾聲
Tab1e 賞。. 10 (制的.) R蟬的.tð of the Eoon個10 Analys1s of the Response of 
Be8ll8 to P Souroes an垂 S011 轟me晶噩噩ents
-_.但----_.輸.._----_.髓..呵..闕..悔，勵._.因恥-----~酬...輸..輸..‘-------------_.輸...闕.. 圓圓曾祖----------徊，明，祖國.. 間，帥"悴...眼-臨----司..間'-
Exper1m間t P Souroel Opt1mun Inoreas8S in: 真grono臨10 V/C 
ID 轟me詛dment Dose器 I1e1d 單綠色蠶eturns Eff101enoy 草at10
-剛.._-----~峭.-棚--嘲..岫爛輛，翩翩岫輛輛_..申--_.. 眸﹒輛---呻輛輛，剛..酬._--------酬H樺樹，樹酬--蝠，他動_.﹒圖...繭..間，開._----酬，輛.-棚._.輛輛恥，輛輛祉，旬._---
Kg/Ha Kg/Ba $/Ha Kg/Ig 
PF3S4 TSP/CO揖trol 100.0 783.9 ?每067 7.8 l! .7 
TSP .. 錢PR/Con乞Z苟且 100.0 會每5.7 93持“ 9.5 5.7 
誰P蠶/COntrol 車車 .9 415.每 38737 每 .7 4.5 
TSP/紛章 轟事 .7 323.2 28喜51 6.5 3. 雪
TSP+股R/BPR 60.3 轉12.0 37378 起.單 每 .1
BPR/BPR 57.會 2每每 .8 22136 起 .2 每 .1
TSP/L1臨 77.0 557.6 51509 7.2 海 .3
TSP+BPRlL1鷗 80.8 591.6 54827 7.3 每 .4
聽PRlL1臨 3仇6 127.9 1101揖 3.1 3.5 
TSP/單PR+L1間 36.2 216.6 18752 6.0 3.6 
TSP+i珍R/BPR+L1路@ 3持 .5 203.3 17503 5.9 3.5 
話P蠶IHP蠶+L1臨 18.每 55.7 每386 3.0 2.9 
PF3S轉ss TSP/C∞抑。1 100.0 1261.喜 131每 18 12.嘉 7.6 
TSP+BPR/Contro1 100.0 1098.1 111778 11.0 6.6 
HPR/Control 100.0 703.9 71963 7.0 6.8 
TSPI虹PR 6且 .0 443.7 40445 6.9 4.2 
TSP+HPR/HPR 62.6 峙31.3 392句6 6.9 4.1 
聽PR/HPR 12.5 323.5 29762 4.5 4.3 
TSP!L11臨 100.0 816.7 78007 息 .2 峙 .9
TSP+HPRlLi揖e 88.1 657.8 61316 7.5 起 .5
誼PR/L1臨 §會 .3 每18.1 3雪001 每 .7 且 .5
TSP/HPR+L1me 60.5 轟 13.每 31516 益 .8 揖 .1
TSP+HPR/HPR+L1鵬 43.每 273.1 2聲色皂2 悉 .3 3.8 
BPR/BPR+L1曲 18.5 56.2 且每35 軍 .0 2.9 
-----由闕._-嘲..關.. 闕，‘.悔廟-------.圓圓---間，風---岫闢._------﹒闕._-_.闕..﹒.前胡.. 闕.-姐_..恥_.闕，棚"﹒---...--_.恥，過闕..恥.-盼帽..._---_.圈.._--_.幽.. 闕，欄，尊
聲言
Table .0.11 Potato臨 Resp個e to D1ffer側t p s紛紛C閣.
--輛輛，蟬帽._-----------咱酬，帽._----眼--------輛輛蟬，闕._---.. 祉，恤---_.國------割恤---
Experim睡乞 P Souroe 桶里r個s10n Coeft1oients R-sq. 
m Intel、oept b Va1錢。s
. .島-----_.闕._-國國..闕._--~倒~----.. ‘_.輸-----旬----雖_.國-----劍..翩.._--_.“a輸.._----.翩------
PF10RS1 TSP 18.76 2.50" .再8
• PABl'襄 1.67" 
CI是 2.5雪﹒
PF10RS2 TSP 9.89 3.12" .轉站
F轟蕊PR 2.5事..
CM 3.5尋..
. PF10攝S3 TSP 5.61 3.73" .77 
P車車F聾 3.00" 
C畫畫 聲 .3局..
PF10RSl! TSP 26.0龜 0.96 .11 
PA鈴E 0.80 
C鎧 1.97+ 
PF1部1 TSP 8.80 O.會3*' .41 
13-26-06 0.1揖
詛PR 0.03 
PAHPR 。 .28
-‘阱蠱-----_.闕，割，僧.關﹒-喝喝動---_.輸依-_.自--_.闕~-_ .. 旬，也---割闕._--懈----- ... 輾-.-_.國.-﹒棚..闕------司開._-
• 
46 
Table 贅。 .12 草棚惦記5 ot tbe Eoonomio 訟alys1a ot the Respose ot Potatoes to P 
Sourcel學
-_.國-----民-盼-.闡腫-雖.阱，胸._----姐..國--_.. ﹒峙-唱圖~----------重..間.-﹒圖.__.間..圈~----﹒開._-------司--_.. 闕，圖._-鴨..間也---_.翩翩-----
Experi揖自!lt P 80祖Z'oe Opt1D1ln Increa.se5 in: 轟轟ronom1o V!C 
ID DOSe5 Yield Net Returns Etf101e誼oy Rat10 
_.闕，賢，闕.._-----_.馳.. 關.-唱..闢.. 繭..阱---.闕..祉，愉.. 闕.. 翩.. 輸..脹，剛.. 翩峙塌翩.. 瞞自.. 胸'.'闕.. 翩.-棚-‘.._--_.間.._----_.個世間.‘.._-_.咽，‘回._.“.-.國凶_.圖.__.回回_.圓缺..帥-------
Ig!Ba Kg/Ha 事!Ba KgfKg 
PF10草草1 TSP 150.0 12.5 220532 83.5 8.持
F轟蠶P蠶 150.0 8.每 137355 事5.8 5.6 
CM 80.0 11.3 1985每5 141.9 息.0
PF10RS2 宮SP 150.0 15.6 28266每 10每 .2 10.每
PA蠶PR 150.0 13.0 22雪551 86.5 車.7
CM 喜0.0 15.5 281803 193.9 10.會
PF10RS3 TSP 150.0 18.7 3轉37事3 12每.嘉 12.5 
到草PR 150.0 15.0 270638 100.2 10.0 
CM 80.0 19.0 351915 237.7 13.每
PF10RS4 TSP 96.0 轉 .4 68年35 持5.6 每.革
P且即R 80.0 3.5 5每112 每3.單 轟.每
CM 80.0 8.6 1 壘起207 107. 學 華 .1
PF12S1 CM 52.2 3.7 54846 70.3 聲 .0
13輛26“06 8.1 0.3 4275 36.5 2.1 
HPR 0.0 
P且HPR 27.6 0.9 8501 33.2 3.3 
--酬.._------會._.闌珊岫峙.. 啃明姆.._-----因----_.圖..四._------_.. 阱.-恤--'國._--_...._-----_.. 帽---_.闕..-恥-風想--恥--------咱伽闕，兩鯽..關.
• 
• 
Table 詞。 .13 聾盟ults ot the 8tst1st1oal 轟nal)'s1s ot the 
Response of'滋a1ze 穗且d Beane to P SOUroe:擊，
Inol‘ldiDg P車HPR A01d泌的。d at 紋的輯d CIAT 
一…---…-----…--柵欄…一…一一-
Exper1國訟t P 8ouroe 
ID 
Eegress10n Coef'f'101ents 
Interoept b Values 
…………--……一…一一.翩翩一"一…一---
PF1481 
PF1每82
TSP 
HPR 
PAHP蠶 IFDC
F轟BPR CIAT 
TSP 
HP草
PAHPR IFDC 
PAHPBCI直T
60.82 
38.91 
一一…-一……--一…一一…一……一-
61.16" 
3息.3益，
§韓 .30"
11.09" 
10每.32"
20.02φ 
9每.會6"
101.每3"
草棚Sq.
.39 
.86 
每7
趕車
Table lio.1起 E曲ultB of 泌e Eoon個1110 AIIall's1B of 泌e RespOllse of Ha1閥 81泌
Beans to P Souroes , .Inolud1ng P必lPR Ac1dulat緩 at IFDC 紛d CIAT 
a闕.祖個~--_.阱._-齒--唱--樹---繭---割-_.“"愉.-司..._-.翩..雖剛..國間._-_.關----蝴闕._-﹒間._-但胡"闕，輸.. 鳴，齒..翩缸---攝嚕，息，回._.闕._---剛'--﹒闕，讀闕---"圖，團闕，費"闕._.繭'-'四E喝_.區"阱尊
Exper1珊紛色 P 8ouroe 。pt1斟囂 lnore卸綿1n: 轟gron叫n10 V/C 
ID Doses Y1eld 囂。t Retur噶矗 草ff101enol' Ratio 
-司_.闕"闕..“.__.圈~--_.削臨--.闕._.恥---_.圈，咀闕..恥-區--_.闕._----間._.伽..岫--_.闕---旬國._--_.岫.. 慨"--'輸._-恥訓"時-_.闕，咱闕，看...__.圖"關.-嘲-_.間，圖個且--‘闕"繭--
Kg/Ha Kg/Ba $/Ba 草草IKg
PF1每81 TSP 轉0.7 251.1 219吾吾 6.2 3.7 
封閉 36.8 138.3 11997 3.8 3.6 
PABPR 主持C 38.6 23揖.雪 2。每68 6.1 3.7 
P轟單PR ClAT 持2.7 2惡毒 .8 23踏車§ 6.3 3.8 
風 PFl每S是 T8P 62.6 句31.5 39266 6.9 4.1 
BPR 1會 .2 59.2 揖69雪 3.1 3.0 
PABPR 獄'DC 57.0 3喜3.3 3每671 吾 .7 旬，。
P!HPR CI轟T 6揖 .5 晶晶7.6 雄。815 是 .9 每 .2
"柵欄…一…愉…一﹒闢
聲音
Tab1e Ho. 15 R蟬的峙。t Exper1組團的 PF峙2，插銷睡，La I車1eB1a. 1985 B. 
恥Doan Y1e1d Treat圓圓ts1 Appl10at卸車 Inor臨5e 1n F Cost VCR 
Ke色b04 Het lIetlU可~B
，峙---楊輛----~輛輛愉._----棚"開--------酌，帥---_.闕._--酬..“._---_.輸--------帽，兩----------輸柵欄，輛輛-----輛輛國--'國-
I g/ba 150 Ig P/ha. $/ha $/ba 
、.
轟 2859 CH 轟S G P1祖oed 229萬01 53199 5. 會
A B 25會5 TSP CM AS 0 P1aoe喝 236613 每句307 6.3 
A 器 c 2550 TSP C終§ Plaoed 235667 3會惡53 6.9 
A B C 2531 CM 0 Plsoed 22再609 主惡毒31 5.6 
A B C 2揖聽會 游PR CH AS 0 Plaoed 2285踏雪 39651 6.8 
ABCD 2揖75 TSPCMSO Pl轟oed 是255衍 她雪73 6.5 
ABCDE 2轉。。 閱 SO Plaoed 囂。776會 轟9751 5.2 
CDEF 236每 BPR CM 0 Plaoed 218003 35197 7.2 
, C D B F 君主持3 BPRC認孟S 0 P1甜甜 1曹雪。29 39651 6.0 
C D 蠶 F 216且 錢PRCMSO Plaoed 可92883 36317 6.3 
C D E F 2101 結PR 叫 S 0 Plao揖 185323 36317 6.1 
DEF 2026 TSP S Plsoed 181160 31120 6.8 
EF 2011 認P章翱 G Plaoed 1756113 35197 6.0 
EF 1995 BPR CM G P1aoed 1731蠶豆 35191 5.9 
s F 1923 BPRC游車S G Plaoed 1革0629 3會651 5.1 
G B 155且 TSP G Plaoed 1草帽925 31075 5.0 
B 1 155每 單PR CM S G Plaoe聶 101683 36317 持 .0
H1 1壘。每 TSP AS G P1a昏倒 1021111 35529 3.9 
H 1 1305 TSP Plaoed 96120 33每S每950每0 壘，是噩 z 1283 TSP AS Plaoed 89026 3.6 
工 10撞見 TSP S G Plaoed 62605 3蠶?含5 2.9 
J 555 蕊PR 且S G P1soed 9903 26217 1.每
J 392 班PR S P1aoed -5248 21串8喜 0.8 
J 371 BPR S G P1S0E例d -88為3 22883 0.6 
d 3持7 般RAS Plaoed 酬13982 251 且2 O.轟
J 325 HPRG P1soed -132轟3 21763 0.4 
J 308 BP蠶 Plaoed -1 萬208 韋拉688 0.3 
J 25每 Control 23568 
r棚峙酬，一…………一……一……一……一…棚--輛輛…一……一……一……一…………一…
CM:Ch1cken Ma且lU'e ， 主s=轟紐血>n1u.m Sultate. G=G;vp綠給遷， TSP=Trip1e Super 
Phosphat糾紛R=Bu11a Phosphate R∞k ， S=Sulfur , U=Urea. 
50 
Table 110. 鴻章僻的ts or Experi蟬mt PF銘心扭扭扭轉， La 19le位a ， 1985 B 
---------……柵欄…"……--------可……勵……----一……………--一…----…………削他也
趴lncan Yleld Treat盟屆亞t轟 轟ppl1catlon lnore船e 1n F C。鈴 VCR
Method 麗的 Retume
"…------…"……---…------枷
FFFFFF 
Eumgnmw
帥
"RM
珍品密的鯽，
aen"
，“
nununuvnununununununu 
FuvnLVFLVFLvpunuFUFUPU-
食unubuRURusnunue
aAsaza--aaA.A.A-a 
Ig/ha 150 Ig P/ha. 
21152 役軍 CM G (1) Plaoed 
205結盟PR CM 轟s (1) Plaoed 
1鈴聲聲蠶PR CM S 位) P18ced 
177雄7 CM (1) Plaoed 
17每93 HPR C語 (1) Plaoed 
15286 HPR CM U (1) P主aoed
1~219 HPR(.50) TSP(.50) P180ω 
13799 HPR CM (1) B甜ded
12139 TSP AS Plaoed 
11揖屁股R(.75) TSP(.2的 Plaoed
9635 HPR AS Broadcasted 
9531 HPR S P1aoed 
紛紛 HPR P180e是
給斜 HPR P1齡必
?何5 HPR 給 P1aoe是
7188 HPR Band串通
5319 110 Fert1l1囂。r
1628 Control 
$/ba 
269507 
256388 
237522 
225070 
1嘗嘗302
155162 
1種295惡
125為22
91508 
89峙。6
507且也
5105每
3783每
3511轟
67社吾
吾曹雪是
$/ha 
47153 
48552 
轟§事18
23每90
每每 178
每每17車
350起2
每每178
揖揖892
3273揖
35580 
33186 
30386 
303惡毒
355喜色
30366 
G 
9698 
6.7 
6.3 
6.1 
10.6 
5.5 
轟 .5
5.1 
3.8 
3.0 
3.7 
2.時
2.5 
2.2 
2.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1 (1)=1no臨bated 30 days. 
51 
Table 囂。. 17 R個ults ot Exper1盟臨t PF6SC1 , Potato棚， T個峙， 1985 B 
閉.--區，周圍帳------------‘---吋-翎闕.. 翩..-恥-------個._.剛.叫開.._----_.. 做_.闕--------‘國._-_.開-------_.闕-甸--_.. 盼岫..._--
該1囂。an Y1eld Treat通轍霉。 .Appl1cat1on IIlore祖e 1n F Coat VCR 
3紛紛od 聾發t Returna 
‘ 
--_.闕，爛爛..-“﹒牌---------關..酬-----------翩闕._.酬---_.. 恥..帥，闕，關輛輛，訓._.蝠，旬._.岫..帥"輛“.._----坤._.酬，咱‘帥，輛輛輛輛闕，“闕._--苟且-.伸-會，駒，咱闕，
Ig/ha 150 Kg P/ha. $/ba $/h鼠
車 2每033 TSP 轟$ P1aoed .2每1聲6 351穿轟 13.1 
主 23333 BPR 儲轟S (1) Placed 每05666 3會益?每 11.2 
B 20200 HPR CM S (1) P1a轟ed 3每5峙。。 37是80 10.3 
B 19766 BPR CM (1) Pl轟oed 339520 車每每80 10.8 
B 18000 旅PR CM G (1) Plaoed 301513 37161 會 .1
B 11900 棚 (1) P1宜。ed 3228喜喜 137掌控 2每..
車 17533 BPR CM 0 (1) Placed 2雪轟串的 3每每 80 9.6 
、 c 書聲33 BPRC書f (1) Banded 112860 主每每80 峙 .3
D 3133 BPR 單 車組ded 11852 23每88 1.惡
D 2133 BPR Banded 12652 20688 1.6 
B 210日 經PR AS Plaoe進 67會喜 25882 1.3 
B 2633 寫PR AS Broa垂cal的“ 5每58 25882 1.2 
D 2100 單PR U Plaoed ωS 20688 1.0 
D 1800 BP竄 Plaoed -6008 2068島 .7 
b 1066 Control 9698 
-----_ ... 晦.臨__________________4繭~-_ ... 枷﹒闕，制_.翩.._----_.. ﹒哨酬._-也酬僻-----﹒闕，自---酬-------旬開._--------區，司.. 回-啪.塌糊..恥
• 
導，
52 
Table 囂。. 18 R甜瓜ta of Exper1m臨t PF倆位. 1'0論毛。帽. Ua輛. 1965 B 
哨-‘..._-----_.....闕~---...._.闕，棚_.闕._.關._------_.. 悔，胞胎.______w間...翩..輸.._-----_.關..闕..闕劍_..間，司..__.. “悔苟闕，兩伽郎_.圓圓._---鷗._.....闕..欄._----.闕，嘲_.闕，
Du聽器an Y1el垂 Treatm阻ts. Applic悅10D Z臨creaae 1n F Coat VCR 
Hetbod Net Retur.且a
----.酬，搏"恥----_.闕-翩._.棚---_.圖，‘-司---陣----_.團._---辭，輸._.棚"制---_ ... 阱-咽_.闕，胡闕~--_.開悴，闕.__.. 跡-種闕..圓白--_.闕._-_....槽..__.幽幽-.檔耐.-此----
E草Iha 150 ICg P/ha. $/ha $/ha 
轟 13666 HPR CH 轟S (I) Plsced 20每986 3961起 6.2 
主 12666 TSP 主S 1'1&串ed 189持66 351♀句 6.1I 
A B 12200 益F單 CH U (主} Plaoed 180860 3踏踏 60 6.2 
A B C 11600 BPR CH S (1) Placed 166060 37280 5.5 
車 c 嘗嘗00 BPR CH (1) PlaOe益 均每860 3每每串§ 1I .9 
c 雪700 BPR C滋 G (I) 紅鶴ed 127885 37每 55 峙.每
c 雪梅66 CH (主} Placed 1 轉6868 13792 11.6 
D 5666 結PR CH (1) Banded 50180 3每每80 2.5 
D E 3733 路PR 且S 恥的“ 20118 25862 1.6 
E 3000 BPR 蟲S Broad絨的“ 5轟58 25882 1.2 
E 2733 BPRS Plaoed 2512 23每88 1 .1 
囂 2633 BPRU P1&oed 3312 20688 1.2 
軍 2揖00 聽PR Plaoed -13超車 206息8 0.9 
E 23藍藍 HPR Ba蛤ded -2028 20688 
E ?每33 C∞trol 16962 96雪$
--_........“闕'-'翩---_.闕~-_.闕----------驗，闕~--------------_.闕.. 闕----------帽-翩翩.. 翩帳胡刪除------.闕.. 翩._.慨._-且--_.帥"團..._--_.胸.-
53 
Tab1e 110. 1會 Resulta of 囂海>er1111811 t PF紹旬， Potatoea , F1rav1toba , 1985 B 
_.闕.-﹒峙-恥-----_.酬.-酬.-欄酬棚--咱酬----瞞自坤--嘲眸_.峙，輸------輔相闕.-輛輛輛._---﹒--闕._-------_.帥，咱‘棚，闕..愉禪_.喃--_.陣---司禪喇'-岫._--闕，
Dunoan Y1e1d Treatm叫ts Appl1側記lon Inorease 10 F C冶st vc誰
Hetbod lIet Re訟1rDS
.‘ 
--------岫騏_.酬~-----_.. 做個缸"制制---------酬._.岫咽勵過-------﹒--棚._----.團-----間._-----闕._-艙，酬，輛輛._---闕，喝幽幽幽帥-讀岫
草草f盈a $/ba $/ba 
A 5日66 雪紛紛 P1aoed 60226 3109句 .2.9 
且 4966 BPR CM .IS (I) P1晶。“ 537轟6 35574 2.5 
B 持 100 BPR CM S (I) P1aoed 3雄720 37.280 1.9 
BC 3學33 CM (主} Plaoed 主揖868 137會控 3.5 
B C 主600 游PR CM 當 (I) P1觀。ed 27520 3每每80 1.8 
B C 主誨。。 游P糞儲(I) Plaoed 23520 3揖揖80 1.7 
c 3166 CM G (I) 到的“ 15885 37揖55 1 .每
E 183草 BPR CK (主} B級nded -7820 3均每80 0.8 
D E 1揖00 HPRS P1aoe嘻 -54車S 23488 0.8 
DEF 12串串 BPR 主$ Plaoed -11喜喜2 258息是 0.5 
EF 雪66 發F囂哥 P1aoed 113每8 20688 0.5 
軍 F 800 聽P車 P1aoed t再688 20688 0.3 
EF 800 草PR .IS Broadoasted 19882 25882 0.2 
E F 767 BPR Banded 酬153揖§ 20688 0.3 
F 500 c。且tro1 主02 969串
4酬，祉-.闕~-_.凶.嘲闕..關._.翩峙甸帥~--_.. 圖._.翩概a輸.._---------除-除胡"帳，闕.._---------_.翩帳----_.桐-趾e嘲..阱，輛闕..郎，翩盼論"蟬_.國._--‘..._-----‘-----斟樹._-
. 
54 
Table 葛o. 20 R開1產主t8 of Exper1獨鶴t PF6SC壘. PO悅to間，指戰犯rge ， 1985 B 
_.牌"帥，闕，“輛輛輛b繭.._--輛輛﹒恤，咱雌帥.. 輛-----.國---_.棚_.帥"牌_.司--‘回----_ .. 申輛輛---_.... 阱，圖，也_.時爛-.岫﹒繭-_.蟬，轉輛輛輛闕..闕._---'"同﹒--_.間，喝闕，輸樺樹闢-嘲-繭--_.因
該lDoan Ueld Treat訟輸油 Appl1儲泣。且 1norease 1n F Cost VCR 
越et益。d 聲et Retur且g
-------慨，“..概繭.-_...._--圓"悴，翩.__.傲._.酬，重﹒-----胸.棚"闕._-----..因.. 闕..闕-_.翩._--------.關--副帥--------幫----------楚--鵬樹"轍-
Kg/ha $/ha $/ha 
A 16300 TSP 轟$ Plaoe垂 262906 310雪起 9.5 
轟 E 15700 扭扭繳轟S (1) 叫做“ 2每2326 3會已7每 7.1 
B C 1 每300 HP器 C!毒草 (1) Plaoed 216720 37280 6.8 
C D 1360位 冤PR C.K U (1) Plaoed 205520 3每每80 7.0 
C D 13200 HPR CH (1) Plaoed 197520 3每每 80 6.7 
C D 12800 HPR CK G (1) Plaoe垂 1865每5 37455 6.0 
、 D 12300 CM (1) 似的“ 200208 137雪2 15.5 
E 5300 HPR 錦江) Ban蓮。d 3會520 3每每80 2.1 
F 3位。。 HPR AS Plaoed 是118 25882 1.1 
F 2733 寬PR U 悅的“ 1972 控告惡88 1 .1 
F 2700 HPR AS Broado臨ted -3882 25882 O.雪
F 2600 HPRS Plaoed -34串串 23488 0.9 
F 2每00 HPR Banded -轟益壽喜 20688 0.8 
F 2300 底PR Plaoed -6688 20688 。 .7
F 1600 Control 會惡98
--_.翩.-娘.._-遍開征祖師.. 筒.-.圈.._--幽._-跡，開"國...-_.闕._----_ ... 帽-.---‘--_.關慨胡_.關._..間-----姐---樹闕，陶.._--_.闕._-﹒闕.通_.輸"._.圖._-_.蚵恥---
﹒鞋，
55 
Table No. 21 R棚ulta ot Exper:l.幢幢t PF翁們. Potat。棚. lp:l.al蟬. 1985 B 
_.闕.-皆倒闕._.翩._---爛_.帽，恤-----酬，相闕._--旬國_.輛輛---_.蟬苟闕--團..._-------旬'-'帥，闕.._---串w﹒闕._--旬---“"闕，訓"他----嘲帥，圈._-----欄，剛----
Duncan Y:l.eld Tr關她臨色， Appl:l.個“叫 Inorease :I.Ð. F COII t VCR 
Method 麗的 Retùrnll
------輛﹒酬._---﹒國-.岫繭----咽，爛爛，輔.-﹒酬.-嘲..闕，楠._---酬揖酬楠.._-_.岫﹒闕._--_.闌珊闕._----﹒酬._---酬._-酬.. 輛輛翩翩._--‘國珊._----崎H獅H棚"
勾結a 串lha $/ha 
A 起7561 BPR(5OS) TSP紡線} Plaoed 127轉36 253均每 在 .0
A B 揖且708 富PR CM (1) Bro組織IIt 6 1.2每B 3踏踏80 2.8 
轟 s 每每228 BPR CM 器(I) P1aoed 每78聲。 38280 2.2 
1 B 每每018 BPR P1帥ed 61232 20688 4.0 
1 B 43256 TSP AS P1a。“ 29616 37064 1 .辜
真 B 始學78 .BPR(75事) TSP{訝，) P1綁到 366車撞 23036 2.6 
'、 轟 BC 每1雄事1 BPR 轟$ Bl可edcast 2828 27752 1.1 
1 B C 1I0687 BPR 磁 G (1) P1aoed 轉轉。600 55900 0.3 
1BC 持S揖08 13-26 ..06 P1aoed -3868轟 1I8埠。每 0.2 
轟 BC 軍事雪22 BPR C滋轟S (I) Plaoed 每1草草跑 祖15聲轟 0.0 
AB C 39922 C甜的rol 7928轉站 5596 0.0 
." ‘ 
A B C 392會7 BPR Bro祕鑄的帽3318車 20688 .0.6 
ABC 3雪020 BPR C崗位} P1aoed 棚52520 3每每80 -0 .5 
真 BC 39019 BPR P1aoed -387峙 20688 .0.9 
且 B C 387，句 2 CM (1) P1aoed 
-37392 13792 .1.7 
BC 36101 BPR AS P1&oed -，。每 172 27752 -2.8 
c 32978 BPRC滋哲 (1) P1aoed 翩173360 3每每80 "雄 .0
...關鯽，間._--訓-_.恥"嗎恥._---_.闕._---咱酬..-恥--圖'..闕.._---_.圖..區司闕._------胡_.國.__.鷗哼，倒跡，翩..輸-----_.. 跡，倒.._-_.. 脹..翩..酬"__0闕..-翩----_.. 時
.., • 
56 
Tab1e 聲。. 22 R關ults 01 Experim訟t PF的啦. P批發怠。帥，仇恨err轍. 1985 B 
加鵬總 Y1e泌 Treatm船ts Appli愉悅。n 1瞬間揖e in F Cost VCR 
S畫etbod 草et Returns 
Kg/ba $/ba. $/ha 
揖 63事o 13-2島-6 P主aoed 18265悉起B峰。為為 .8
4106每 BPR(50到 TSP(50J) Plaoed 11會196 2草3每每 8.1 
祕013 TSP 主S (1) P1aoed 1掉以156 31告“ 5.0 
轉3939 BP蠶 CM P1aoed 101560 3轉1180 11.1 
轟2756 滋PR(75直 )TSP紋路) P1肘ed 9531111 23036 5.1 
112235 BPR CM 益結) Plaoed 6的 16 圳叭聲 2.6 
圳951 HPR Broadoast 81592 20688 11.9 
軒761 BPR C紋韓紅) Plao“ 每2580 55900 1.8 
揖刊的 BPR P1aoed 66轉32 20688 揖 .2
相持36 BPR C滋 S (1) P1aoed 33100 382皂白 1.9 
39867 蠶PR CM (1) Bro磁oast 26120 3梅州。 1.8
3仙好 BPR AS P1帥。d 制約 21752 1.2 
38258 HPR S Plaoed 珍'32 24488 1 .2 
36831 Contro1 1311壘起 559忌 。 .0
36以8 HPR AS llroado且t 柵31532 27752 -0.1 
3的511 BPR P1aoed -623時 20688 -2.0 
33712 CM (工) Plaoed -762會2 13792 輸每 .5
330每9 BPR CH U (主) Plaoe疇 -11583惡持。076 -1.9 
們-unLW
們LvnuvpuvnLW
戶LwnwnuwnhwmLW
們hw
們uvpuvphvFU
發unuwRHRMm
跨過
#2#
智HNRUEHMEUM
驚UW2
日前買
MRuen
aa
鑫amaaaaaaaaaamaaaaaa--aaa--
偏袋
"maBOa-uaa
司令
.-
、甸
甸
i 
" 
~ 
57 
Table No. 23 車制ults of E勾神d!b臨 t PF6S悶， Potato纖弱，主翩翩. 1985 B 
-咽，恥---帥.岫._-‘-_.輔.圖，回-_.國植牌，回--_.峙，岫嘲._-------.. 祉，闕._-﹒闕，眉眼，輛輛，擻--_.. 帥_.帥，回._--帥，回-司---爛..._--~圈，岫伽備國咽---.-旬祖---~酬，楠，嘯-
D睡Iloan Yield Treat臨臨ts Appl1oat1on Inorease 10 F Cost YCa 
Hetho嘻 囂。t Re詢問S
-_.酬._----岫削._.壘..闡酬，址---﹒闕------‘帽._---.蟬，帥---....輛輛----*闕，兩輛輛._-_.. 壘，則祉，闌珊---~輛輛闕-----蟬，闢---咽._-----個._---~樁，酬，咱
K惡Iba $/ha $/ba 
蟲 為8788 TSP 轟3 Plaoed 51聲音20 3706持 15.0 
A B 111 每3會 C路(I) Pla。“ 391212 13792 2會 .8
真 BC 395揖5 草PR CM G (1) Plaoed 31122每 559色。 革 .7
A B C 392每2 BPR 翎 (1) 做'Oadoast 32巷58且 3每每80 10.6 
A 器 c 38費3會 BPR CM S (1) P1ao鉛 31672每 38280 事.轉
A B C 38每85 聲PR C懿單位} Plaoed 311萬聲有 3每每80 10.2 
轟 B C 365會1 BP畫衍。"給P{50事) P1aoed 282700 25344 12.每
ABCD 36212 BPR CM AS (1) Plaoed 258920 每 15每每 7.11 
BCD 草 33030 BPR CH (1) P1aoed 2023每每 3每每巷。 7.0 
B C D E 3287會 BPR(布的 TSP(詔書} Plaoed 210768 23036 10.每
BCD 蠶 P 29事2揖 聽PR AS Plaoed 146952 27752 6.5 
C D E F 26667 單PR Plaoed 郎的6 20688 5.6 
C D. E F 26祖3會 HPRAS Broadoa草色 77252 27752 4.0 
C D 囂 F 25事85 發PR Broadoast 75236 20688 每 .9
D E F 22每單晶 越PR S P主aoed 216 2年起88 1.2 
D E F 22438 13-26-6 Plaoed -23420 每S每04 0.6 
E F 20909 Control 祖 1258揖 55事§ 0.0 
F 167為2 BPR Plaoed 州10962句 20688 靜每 .0
過-.帥.剛-.圓﹒導_.輸---_.闕------_.關.__.勵，樹備祉，繭._---_.刪除a輸._-﹒圖，圖--輾-“-----胡_.翩---_.關.. 關依----祖闕.. 輸陸岫---喝喝..、.雖司..__ ... 恥--旬國.. 團轉-喝恥.-到闕，
58 
Table Ho. 2每 E闊的.ts of E海eri臨的 PF6RS1. Potato峙. T削峙. 1986 A 
-是--﹒闕，賢_.刪岫瞥_.個單姐回~------塵，闕，娘..側目幫..闕...圖.. 勵.-‘...__.因圖，--翩翩----------------_.. 鼠，恥..闕.. 關恥"“論.咽陶._--_.但~----樹---_ .. 缸-
E阻00訟誼 Yield Treat臨ots 轟ppli閣t10n 1norease in F Cost 
Metbod Net 囂eturns
.酬------_...---_.關國.__.自酸-_.圖~-_.開._-閉._.蚣-民-廳.-.翩._----_.圖.. 圓圓隘..關陣副闕._.“.. 關-----_.圈..-且看“..舟，闕.._--司..耐.__.國'..嘲.. “'-‘姆"
草草Iha $Iha $/ha 
A 367 聽PR Broadcast 334。 8 
且 333 HP蠶 Plaoed 2660 。且 333 蠶P糞 CM S (1) Plaoe是 -1峙。 2800 
且 333 撥單 CM AS (1) Pl攏。ed 學S 2602 
A 軍00 HPR AS Broad串ast -319聲 519每
主 300 HPR AS Placed -319起 519起
主 2的 HPRU Placed 13每g c 
主 267 臨PR C滋(1) Broadcast 13聲。 g 
車 233 單F蠶$ Placed 輛，21障。 2800 
A 233 HPR 翱 (1) Pla。“ 660 。h 200 Control 9698 
真 20位 HPR CH G (主} Placa這 -2975 2975 
車 200 TSP AS Placed -519每 519每
主 167 ωt (1) Plaoed 輛66。 G 
A 167 HPR CM U (1) Placed "悉的 。
--回闖闖由國.-且--看闕..且..‘"峙，輸帳樹"蟬，翩._---_.國._-_.闕.-.闕....---------_.闕.. 翩..棚"刪輸.._-_.間._-‘----‘a棚.-渴盼.__.酬._.呵._---單_.關..__.闕... 
、
59 
Table No. 25 E輔ults of 囂海er1111ωt PF6鋪車， Potato髓， s側 Jorge ， 1警車6 A 
-_.闕..帥，酬，聶哥闕.--_.樺樹.. 植樹闕._.間..圈--恥"闕.-驛鄉輸餌-----已_.峙，恤--喝闕.-劍-勵相國----岫棚"帽---﹒---酬，“闕-暉，圈._---------剛--軸心，神創---
Dunoan Y1eld Treat翩翩她 Appl1oat1on Inorease 1n F Cost 
蜘thod 詞。毛 Returns
唱團_.呵._.闕._.酬，闕._-圈_.闕闢闕_.帥，則恥----翩翩，棚..._-﹒岡圓----﹒圖._----區，間，闕..‘------恤-----------組帥"輛輛._---帽，棚..恥-
Kg/ha $/ha $/ha 
轟 16300 BPR 車S Ðroado阻t 話7806 51警鐘
車 B 12950 C挺 G (1) Plaoed 103025 2975 
A Ð 12350 錢P單 CH 且S (1) Plaoed 88806 5194 
A B 11600 BPR AS Ðroado麓的 73串串§ 5冒雪峰
車 B 11550 BPR 轟S Plaoed 72806 51雪每
Ð C 10650 C訟 (1) Plaoed 60000 。BC 9800 BPR CH (1) Plaoed 持3000 。BC 9650 單PRCH S (主} Plaoed 37200 2800 
BC 8800 BP囂 C道 U (1) Plaoed 蠶豆000 G 
B C 8750 聲P蠶 Plaoed 22000 。BC 8050 贊賞啞 Plsoed 8000 e 
ÐC 76草草 Contr可1 96g8 
B C 7霉。。 即R Banded 22000 。B C 7550 囂PR C滋 (1) Banded 21000 。c 6500 單P軍 s Plaoed -2800 2800 
.翩.._---~桐.. 關-----_.凶趾--蟬，闕.._- ... ‘---_ ... 曲唱.._-_.關酌_.國._-----馳"國制._-----翩翩._------_.輸船訕訕._-_....翩.. 闕，岫-----苟，盼竭闕.，關傳
60 
Table 10. 26 Results ot E海er1國訟色紛紛83 ， PO恰to錯， Us帥， 1986 轟
輛酬，岫---_.咽，珊~--"闕.. 酬，相關悼詞._--伸旬_.珊，輸闡明"恥----單---"刪除------_.翩"岫---_.國﹒刪除翱酬，制恤，岫_.國----_ ... 像個._--恤.-_----輛輛
以2缸。an Y1eld Treat扭曲tll .Appl1cat!on 1norease 1.11 F Cost 
He媳婦 輯et lleturns 
--_.“...單----_.闢-酬-------斟隘‘闕._-------"團-..闕，關恤-----_ .. 酬，嘲-----且--喝醉，嘟"闕.. 輛樹--_.圖祖國相帥，輛輛..愉輛輛蟬闕.. 國--
草草/ha $/ha $/ha 
真 6733 錢PR CH (1) Banded 踏踏6已§ D 
A 6233 錢PR Banded 3趣§益惡 G 
A 6200 股llS Plaoed 31200 2800 
B A 5733 HP糞翎 U (I) PlaoOO 是為660 o 
BA 5700 TSP 轟S PlaoOO 18806 519句
B 真 5500 法PR CH G (1) P1IIoOO 17025 2975 
BA 5300 縣PR U PlaoOO 1 吾吾岳母 G 
B 矗 52益? 股R C，滋 S (1) P1IIo酬d 125壘。 280。
B A 5000 HPR 轟S PlaoOO 特806 519持
B 轟 5000 HPR AS Broadoast .11 806 5194 
E 轟 每667 HPR CM (1) Plaoe益 33揖9 G 
B 轟 4600 HPR 泊的“ 2000 G 
B A 轟500 Contr帶之 會吾吾S
B A 為300 CM (主〉 Pl翩。d -峙。。。 。B 3567 錢PR CH AS (正} Plaoe嘻 訓23854 5194 
圖-鴨_.割闕---_.酬，唔~--_....﹒闕...關信...國...開恥﹒闕._--_.圖---厲---_.因._---﹒開._--... 蚣-------恥..翩.__.嗯...趟，眼，關輾胡"關----﹒----
61 
Table 揖o. 21 R制ulte of 軍海er1111蟬色 PF8RS1 ， Potato轍. v.輯ta-郤恥
鵬da 1986 A 
酬，甚----_.酬，胸-------圓._-----翩翩._----珊._-岫闕.-帽._------祠......--_.闕._-勵.-輛輛嚼，面..國祖國恤嘲.-阱_.闕..削.-叫“._-_.伽.圓圓t
以l110a且 室主eld Tre前踹nta Inoreaae 1且 F COat VCR 
軍et Returna 
--_.闕._-------_.帥--﹒轉---附庸-_.輛輛，厚，闕..翩，，---侖帥，則崎畔--------_.闕....-_.. 國._.爛柵欄，爛爛....----_.輛輛柵欄輾轉回..岫酬..
19/ha $Iha 串Iha
轟 33133 TSP 草 每50000 30000 16.0 
A B 31833 TSP AS 每位藍506 35每9起 12.5 
B C 26361 發PR CM 且S 30旬9章。 27750 12.0 
BC 26267 BPR CM 3061草草 2叫5每2 13.5 
B C 25每嘉? CM AS (1) 30每每06 1021每 30.6 
c 2每567 BPRC終必 2吾吾338 213純 10.會
c 23800 CM 轟翠 27106起 1027揖 27.每
c 23揖33 C麓 26693揖 7066 38.8 
c 16200 路PR CM (1) 101179喜 2且5聲2 5.3 
c 16133 BPR 踏車S (1) 1002事告 21750 4.6 
c 15800 CM (1) 1~214 10革已 11.是
c 15500 BPII C詞 S (1) 81998 213為2 11.囂
c 12900 第PII 再2652 20688 3.1 
c 9133 Control 969喜
_.輸._.闕._.開._--晦_.胡..._---_.闕.._---﹒酬....-_.. 值相闕..輸.._....間，曲"雖-----勵a創驗.障.區------_.闕..輸船-----------司..._--
62 
Table Ho. 28 E個ults of ~r1ment PF聽聽泊 I Potato峙. San Jorge 
1986 A 
"﹒恤祖國_.翩...關-------_.翩.. 闕.. 酬，已...時，國..-‘_..輸..曲._-_.酬.._-----迪----_.闕~------國..國間陣"棚.. 輸.別闕._----........咽陶.. 闕，岫帥.. 輸.
該車詣。an I1e主d Treatll揖nts lnarease 1n F Cost VCR 
J/et RetuMls 
-----鴨輔相關..輛_.雕刻-劃-------﹒酬，酬喝.._--嚕闕...爛.__.枷--..~岫._-哺牌"闕...四.-耳牌，但.. 酬爛爛._--唱--_.惘，岫蟬輛輛蟑爛爛._---珊.-
Kg/ha $/b.a $/b.a 
轟 18633 'l'SP U 273660 27000 11.1 
轟轟 15867 CM 轟S (1) 235066 1027每 23.9 
B 15267 CM 轟S 223066 1027趣 22.7 
B 15233 BPR CK AS (1) 20轉910 27750 書.每
B 14600 CK 21293每 7066 31.1 
E 1每567 BPRC組 19雄?警車 245每2 8.9 
B 1每500 BPR CK S 1 雪0658 訂單純 8.0 
B 13起67 滋P麓 C結 AS 16會590 27750 7.1 
B 13067 TSP AS 1538峰已 3549持 5.3 
E 12900 話PR CM (1) 161揖58 2且5島2 7.6 
E 12567 CK (1) 17227每 7066 25.4 
s 12每67 BPR C錢 S (1) 1持會會事8 27主持2 6.5 
c 每267 第PR .73轉8 20688 色 .6
c 3600 'l'翁Ist1go 9698 
-_.關峙-帳-概.嘲圖﹒嗯，間._-_.闕._.闕，規則.. 酬，看------刪闕，風翩翩闕.風﹒闕，唱“..看..揖闕.-頌._-胸前恥嘲.._----割伊拉-積帥.. 制"﹒恥闕._------_ ... 恥--_.闕.. 旬.翎闕.-﹒闕..勵
63 
Table 10. 29 Results of Ex開r1倒騰t PF8R旬. Pota'扭轉. Tausa 1986 A 
-------峙，帥------酬帥---------啊，吋.﹒翩翩翩..輛輛..__.刪除----------_... 他-悔--_.闕.__.闕，喝帥，嘲._-個---.圓._.帽，
llunoaD Y1eld Treat珊綠色車 1norease 1揖 F Cost VC謂
let Retums 
..酬._----_.區--﹒輛輛._----祖._-------國--'曲--ι圖----闕，省帥"酬..----_.帥.驗，帽，怕是胡------帽..繭，爛"輛柵欄.-區-
草草Iba $/ba $/ha 
a 13767 TSP AS 20718是 35且會每 6.8 
E 11061 TSP U 161680 27000 1.0 
B 10561 CM AS 168壘。6 1021揖 11.每
c 8聲。。 驗單 CMS 107998 273聲2 真.雪
c 8261 紛揖 CM 108138 2轉5112 5.每
C D 7900 CM AS (1) 115066 1021轟 12.2 
C D 1700 HPR CM 轟S 會3590 21750 跑 .11
C D 7500 HPR 緒 AS (1) 89590 27750 4.2 
C D 7100 CM (1) 1位227揖 7066 15.5 
CD 6967 撥單間〈工} 82138 2句5且2 趣 .3
C D 巷尾33 CK 8893每 7066 13.6 
b 5567 HP揖 CM S (1) 51338 27311是 3.1 
囂 1100 HPR -193118 20688 0.1 
黨 1633 Control 9698 
---團酬._---_.. 薩嘲--------酬--------..骸-_.闕~----...-甜.-岫闕._-----輔相闕--﹒..徊.-.輯..牌，峙，闕，“輛輛._-團.. 間.-
§轉
Table 囂。 .30 C儡臨nlyF甜甜 Crop Rotat1個s 1n tbe Boyaoa Potato-b帥ed
5yate置. ColO11b1a. 
一---翩翩……一輛酬柵欄
ROT孟1IOI CROP5 
.區翩翩~-_.國._.胸棍"闕，姆....._--_... 除_..翩峙---_.翩翩-'闕﹒圈.. 酬，‘--司..輸.咱刪除-----------_.國臨-..胸-----_ ... 除-障-------訓"關-----
轟. po七atoea (1) potatoea (1) potatoes (1) potatoes (1) 
B. wheat (1) pasturea (1) ma1ze/wheat wheat/barley 
C. JBa1品@ (1) JBa1拙Ita鴨(1) t a110w (1) potatoes (1) 
D. pota章。es (1) potatoes (t) potato揖 (1) wheat/barley 
---…………糊糊闕-----關僧"司一一……-----柵欄---一"…---…柵欄-----…-一﹒鷗柵欄…﹒
、 (1)= orop 1I8me零七er嘩
• 
• 
. 
65 
Tab1e 囂。 .31 Innovat1o單純 the '1'omato Crop 1n P鋪車甜01"， Co10泌妞，組
單e1ation to Farmer鳴曹 Pos1t1o單草n tbe Domestic Cy申1e a路進
Fa蠶11y Structure. 
翩翩棚---------_...-欄--棚-創.._---州-----僧"“-----恥------鵬----倫------欄--_ .. 偷偷“.._----
Domeat1o Cy睡1e and 
FlIIIIl1y Struoture 
直糊rage
Yea.rs 
Harr1ed 
轟vera器。 Year
Plant1ng To麓的。閻
W1th ferti l1zer 
"一一…一一……一…-一……一…-一一…一--…一……---叫一--偏偏糊----編輯﹒
Extended f IllllU ,.: 5.2 5.2 
1n1tia主 Stage
Nuolear ta融11y: 5.5 1.5 
, In1tal stage 
Nuo1ear fam11y: 13.8 2.每
站at臨re stage 
Exte點是“ faml1y: 28.每 1.2 
隨atur嚕Stage
驗"帥一……一……--
66 
Table 馳. 32 Use ot Organ1o Fert111zers' 1n Imbabura，囂。間dor.
，一--細細----…一一一…---一…，----輸輪船嚇一一一欄帽…-
Type ot Fert1l1細r 事 Far鵬I'S Us1ng 
…一--……----…--一……一--叫一一--糊糊糊---……一一……一……劍"
Farmyard M攝nure
Ch1串ken 訝lUIW"e
單明lsehold Retuse 
93.4 
52.6 
層7.每
-“.-一……一，………一一…一一一……﹒………一………棚"…-
• 
. 
67 
Tab1e 10. 3草 Adopt1咽。f 傀儡主。81 Fe~t111zer8 b7 F~路。t DUter組t S1zes , 
正攝babu.r龜. Ecua蠢。r.
……一個…………w…一………---…---…---……一……………
Far且 S1ze
"一一一…一一…一-
< 1 ha 
> 1 <為 ha
> Jj < 10 ha 
>10 < 50 ha 
> 50 ha 
一一…一一個----……一……一-
J Us1n轟鉗制llioal Fert1l1摺rs
20.0 
1每 .3
111.2 
50.0 
0.0 
68 
Tab1e 10. 34 Adopt1on ot 耳珊，祖1:'1etl欄組d 晶晶10a1 P輔t and Disease 
Contro1 by Fal'l圈 。t D1tferent S1zes. 主動abura ， Eωador. 
…一一一-....-_...-……-
Peroent Adopt1ng 
Far盟 S1ze Var1e t1es Cb甜祖10a1 C∞tro1 
-胡---司.._-_.闕..闕..糖，闕..峰，則恥-臨到.闢翩峙，翩阱，輸..闕._----旬壩，句..‘---"酬旬，闕.-鴨..輸勵--恥﹒蚵..闕._------蘭蘭帥，關勵翩翩概前刪除------------﹒圖.._--_ .. 騙-
事 事
< 1 ba 80.0 70.0 
> 可 〈轉 ba 116.11 32.1 
> 革< 10 ha 持1.2 52.9 
> 10 < 50 ha 33.3 58.3 
> 50 ba 1昏昏 .0 66.7 
一一一一一"………一一一一…………………一----………………--一一一……
. 
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