Output 5: Strengthened institutional, organizational and collaborative capacity of NARS and sub-regional networks in Africa and Latin America Activity 5.1 Strengthened capacity of NARS: increasing the knowledge and skills of scientists and staff from NARIs, NGOs and Rural Service Providers Highlights: • In Latin America, two PhD candidates and one MSc candidates received their degrees, while in Africa two PhD and three MSc degrees to scientists working the bean project. • In Africa a total of 408 persons attended courses or workshops, for a total of 1497 person- days of training. • Participatory plant breeding was strengthened regionally with a course in Kenya attended by 22 scientists from the region, including four from SABRN • Former IPM farmer groups in central Malawi have now taken up seed production as a business. • Interaction between breeders in Africa and headquarters increased this year, with training in headquarters in marker assisted selection and with seed shipments renewed from Africa to Colombia, leading to closer integration of the breeding programs in Latin America and Africa. • The ECABREN program assistant acquired skills in participatory monitoring and evaluation systems to support national bean programs • 28 Biophysical scientists, NGOs partners, and technicians from Northern Tanzania were exposed to Participatory M&E organized by PABRA/ECABREN • ECABREN partners in Tanzania and Uganda acquired knowledge in seed systems and distribution channels • Two researchers from ISABU and Centre Technique Horticole d’Antananarivo, Madagascar developed knowledge and skills during training in production of promotional materials carried out at ATDT/ISAR project. • Farmers and researchers in northern Tanzania select and name nine new marketable bean lines with tolerance to bean stem maggot and angular leaf spot after four years of participatory selection. Seed bulking by farmer groups and broader evaluation of new bean lines initiated. • A compilation on participatory breeding experiences across crops, countries and regions of Africa was completed. 291 5.1.1 Degree and non-degree training in Latin America PhD candidates: • Andrea Frei, ETH, Switzerland, completed her thesis on resistance to Thrips palmi in beans (C. Cardona, M. Blair, S. Dorn, H. Gu). • Oscar Vizgarra, an Argentine PhD candidate continues writing his thesis, involving a statistical analysis of multi-locational trials carried out over a 15 year period in the north- west of Argentina (S. Beebe). • Oscar Checa, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, completed his studies on the inheritance of climbing ability in common bean and the importance of genotype x environment interaction in this trait (M. Blair). • Ivan Ochoa, Pennsylvania State University, USA is finishing his thesis on genetic mapping to understand the inheritance and mechanisms of low phosphorous tolerance in common bean and the role of adventitious rooting in adaptation to low phosphorous stress (collaboration M. Blair with J. Lynch). • Enrique Bravo from the Universidad del Valle continues his research on the molecular characterization of the NL4 strain of bean common mosaic virus (F. Morales). MSc candidates: • Juan Miguel Bueno, Universidad del Valle, completed his thesis on sampling methods for whiteflies on beans and snap beans (C. Cardona). • Orlando Chaveco, a Cuban MSc student continues to carry out a physiological analysis of lines derived from the cross of DOR 364 x BAT 477, the latter of which has expressed resistance to multiple abiotic stresses. The study will reveal the physiological relationship between resistances to low P, nitrogen and drought stress (S. Beebe). • Maria Antonia Henríquez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, continues her MSc thesis on “Use of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) to understand the interaction of bean genotypes and Phaeoisariopsis griseola” (G. Mahuku). • Juan Manuel Díaz, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira is working on evaluation of genetic diversity in Andean accessions of the common bean core collection using microsatellites (M. Blair). • Lucy Díaz, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira is working on evaluation of genetic diversity in Mesoamerican accessions of the common bean core collection using microsatellites (M. Blair). • Wilfredo Pantoja, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, is working on evaluation of genetic diversity in Tepary bean accessions (M. Blair). • León Darío Vélez, Universidad Nacional de Bogota, Colombia is studying the inheritance of intercropping ability between common bean and maize (M. Blair). Pregraduate students: • Gina Viviana Caldas, Universidad del Valle completed her studies on tannin QTL mapping (M. Blair). • Maria Fernanda Montenegro, Universidad Nacional completed her thesis on the effect of insecticides on natural enemies of whiteflies (C. Cardona). • Sergio Prieto, Universidad Nacional, completed his thesis on molecular markers for arcelin (M. Blair and C. Cardona). 292 • Mónica Navia, Universidad del Valle completed her work on “Elucidation of the infection process of common bean by Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot disease” (G. Mahuku). • Henry Lozano, Universidad Nacional, completed his studies on “Inheritance of mineral content in advanced backcross population of common bean using the Wild QTL approach” (M. Blair). • Sandra Jimena Valencia, Universidad Nacional, initiated studies on “Sub-lethal effects of antibiosis on the demography of Zabrotes subfasciatus and Acanthoscelides obtectus, storage pests of beans” (C. Cardona). • Lorena Cortés, Universidad del Valle, is working on “Effect of different sources of green manure to manage root rot pathogens of common bean (P. vulgaris)” (G. Mahuku). • Yenni Lorena López Galvis, Universidad Nacional, is working on “Evaluation of common bean genotypes Phaseolus vulgaris L. for drought tolerance under greenhouse conditions” (I. Rao). • Lina María Rodríguez, Microbiol. Univ. de los Andes, Colombia, initiated studies on “Geminivirus resistance markers” (M. Blair). Visiting Researchers: • Gloria Santana, CORPOICA, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia (Sept 2003). Training in molecular marker techniques and indirect selection for BCMV resistance, at CIAT. • Andrea Frei, ETH, Switzerland, (February 2004). Preparation of a publication on quantitative trait loci involved in resistance to the leaf-feeding insect, Thrips palmi in common bean. • Carlos César Caula, Cuban Institute of Biotechnology, (to March 2004). Training in microsatellite mapping, marker assisted selection and gene tagging. • Hernan Campos, Univ. San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia (to April 2004). Training in population evaluation and crop physiology. • Kattia Delgado, Instituto Peruano de Leguminosas / PROMENESTRAS / PROMPEX, Chiclayo, Peru (April - May 2004). Training in Andean bean breeding and marker assisted selection. • Dennis Flores, Instituto Peruano de Leguminosas / PROMENESTRAS / PROMPEX, Chiclayo, Peru (July – Sept 2004). Training in Andean bean breeding. • Andrea Dávila, Centro Fitoecogénetico Pairumaní, (August-December 2004). Univ. San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Training on evaluation of genetic diversity in Bolivian accessions of common bean. • Luz Nayibe Garzón, Universidad Nacional de Bogotá, Colombia, (Sept – Dec 2004). Training on development of molecular markers for anthracnose resistance in common bean. • Paul Kimani, CIAT-Kenya/ University of Nairobi (August 2004). Specialization in marker assisted selection. • Rowland Chirwa, CIAT-Malawi (August 2004). Specialization in marker assisted selection. • Tereza Cristina Olivieras Borba, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Univ. Federal Goias (Sept – Nov 2004). Development of fluorescent microsatellites for common bean. • Orlando Chaveco, Cuban Ministry of Agriculture (October 2004). Training in Andean bean breeding and physiology. 293 • Carmenza Muñoz, University of Lyon (October – November 2004). Preparation of a publication on genetic diversity of tepary bean. • Gloria Iriarte, CENICAFE (short visits). Preparation of a publication on advanced backcross method in common bean. Courses: Date Title Duration Total No. No. Women No. of No. of (days) participants participants CIAT/Network NARS instructors instructors Oct. 17, 2003 The B biotype in 1 25 3 3 - the Cauca Valley Nov 20-22, 3 27 2 3 6 2003 Dec 16, 2003 The B biotype in 1 25 nd 3 - the Cauca Valley Jan 29, 2004 The B biotype in 1 110 nd 1 - the Cauca Valley Apr 10, 2004 The B biotype in 1 35? nd 1 - the Cauca Valley May 5, 2004 Whiteflies and 1 76 ~15 3 - their control (field day) Jun 4, 2004 Pests of beans and 1 60 nd 1 - their control Jul 27, 2004 Sampling methods 3 275 nd 2 - for whiteflies Aug 5, 2004 The B biotype B in 1 197 nd 1 - the Cauca Valley Workshop at CIAT Headquarters on “Common Bean and Brachiaria Improvement for Acids Soils” This workshop was held at CIAT headquarters, Cali, Colombia during 25 to 26 February, 2004 to review and discuss research progress made by different partners participating in the special project funded by BNZ-GTZ, entitled “An integrated approach for genetic improvement of aluminum resistance of crops on low-fertility soils”. Workshop at CIAT Headquarters to review results of Rhizobium-bean simbiosis project A second Workshop with the attention of nine participants from Cuba, México, Belgium and Colombia was held at CIAT Headquarters, Cali Colombia during November 14-17, 2003 to review the results of the project “Integration of biofertilisation in bean cultivation by optimizing the use of the Rhizobium-bean symbiosis”. In this workshop a review was made to the research advances in the relation plant-Rhizobium not only for field trials but also for lab trials. 294 5.1.2 Degree and non-degree training in Africa Rationale: New knowledge and tools can facilitate and improve efficiency and effectiveness of our partners. For example, molecular tools can facilitate more precise and rapid identification of genotypes carrying certain desirable genes and the characterization of pathogens and their variation. The use of the PPB approach has been credited for its consideration of the user perspective and orientation and the reduction of the period it takes to breed a variety by almost half in some cases. A start has been made in training within the networks, but many national program partners have yet to acquire such skills and apply these new tools and approaches. Some of the PABRA countries hardly have functional multi-disciplinary teams in place. For example many of the SABRN countries have only one scientist working on all aspects of beans and sometimes, including other legumes. Many of those available are young scientists with only a BSc. degree. Thus there is need for higher-level training in the region, as well as to groom others to take up more responsibilities of network activities from CIAT. The SABRN network through its Pan African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) continued to provide support for students who are training at Ms. degree level. CIAT-SABRN is also supervising thesis research for students sponsored by Rockefeller Foundation, and sponsored by Bean-Cowpea CRSP PhD candidates: • Geoffrey Tusiime PhD, Makerere University, has completed a degree and thesis titled “Variation and detection of fusarium solani f. Sp. phaseoli and quantification of soil inoculum in common bean fields”. • Julius Mukalazi, PhD, Makerere University, has completed a degree and thesis titled “Pathogen variation and quantification of Pythium species in bean fields in Uganda”. • Virgina Gichuru, PhD, Makerere Universit, continues study on “Characterization and pathogenicity of Pythium isolates on crops, which are intercrops of beans in South Western Uganda” • Otsyula Reuben PhD, Makerere continues study on “Study of inheritance and development of root rot (Pythium) resistant varieties using marker assisted selection in common beans”. • Claire Mukankuzi PhD, University of Kwa Zulu-Natal continues study on “Breeding beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) for resistance to Fusarium root rot (Fusarium solani f.sp phaseoli) and large seed size in Uganda”. • Geofrey Kananji, PhD, University of Natal, South Africa continues study on “Improvement of dry bean resistance to bruchid in Malawi”. MSc candidates: • Kennedy Muimui, MSc, University of Nairobi, Kenya, has completed a degree and thesis titled Inheritance of resistance to common bacteria blight and selection for multiple resistance to rust and angular leaf spot in yellow and navy bean genotypes. 295 • Annet Namayanja, MSc, Makerere University, has completed a degree and thesis titled “Inheritance and marker assisted selection for angular leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) resistance in common bean”. • Lianda Mauyo, MSc, Moi University, has completed a degree and thesis titled “Cross- border bean marketing patterns in the border districts of Kenya and Uganda”. • Walter Ocimati MSc, Makerere University continues study on “Effects of management options for Pythium root rots on selected crops grown in association with beans in southwest Uganda”. • Simon Bereng, MSc, University of Free State, South Africa continues study on “Screening bean germplasm for low P tolerance under acidic soils with and without lime application in Lesotho”. • Barthlomew Y. E. Chatayika, MSc, University of Malawi (Bunda College of Agriculture) continues study on “Mode of inheritance for angular leafspot and common bacterial blight resistance in common bean”. • Mathias Zulu, MSc, University of Zambia continues study on “Pathogenicity identification, severity and distribution of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in northern, luapula and northwestern provinces of Zambia”. • Augustine Musoni, MSc, University of Nairobi continues study on “Inheritance of fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli) and selection for multiple disease resistant and marketable climbing bean varieties”. • David R. Macharia, MSc, University of Nairobi continues study on “Transfer of angular leaf spot, anthracnose and tolerance to low soil fertility in red mottled and red kidney beans”. • Lunjalu, J.O., MSc, University of Nairobi continues study on “Effects of cooking on nutritional value of high iron and zinc beans”. • Mark Korir, MSc, Moi University continues study on “Bean marketing along the Tanzania-Kenya border”. • Kibyego, Michael, MSc, Moi University continues study on “Bean marketing in Nairobi and its environs”. • Ngongo Mulangwa from INERA started his degree training program for the ‘Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies’ or MSc at the Institut des Sciences Agronomiques, Yangambi, DR Congo. • Sophia Komba, MSc, continues study on “Socio-economic benefits and impact of IPDM technologies to farming communities in Hai district, northern Tanzania”. • Frida Bengtsson and Jennifer Joy West, MSc, Agricultural University of Norway, continue study on “Seed Relief, HIV/AIDs and Agro-Biodiversity; a case study from MBere District, Kenya”. 296 Courses and workshops: Date Title Duration Total No. No. Women No. of No. of (days) participants participants CIAT/ECABREN NARS instructors instructors Oct 25, Training on Partnerships in the 1 9 3 1 0 2003 aspect of seed production for researchers, Arusha, Tanzania Dec 8- Meeting with stakeholders at 4 70 18 1 2 12, 2003 Mpigi, Wakiso, Masindi and Apac (Uganda) Mar 2-3, Bridging the gap between 2 40 2004 relief and development: Best practices in seed stress 1 situations Mar 8- Seed Aid and Germplasm 2 11 1 1 12, 2004 Restoration in Disaster Situations: Synthesis of Lessons: launch meeting Mar 18- Workshop on decentralized 2 30 5 2 2 19, 2004 seed systems in East Zambia Ap 13- Regional planning and steering 6 38 10 1 2 17, 2004 committee meetings, Nairobi, Kenya Apr 18- Participatory Plant 5 22 3 3 24, 2004 Breeding:Country-specific Workplan Formulation and Basic Skill-building Apr 26- Community based seed 4 30 - 2 5 30, 2004 production of improved open pollinated varieties in Arusha Tanzania in collaboration with ICRISAT, CIMMYT, IITA and SADC Seed Security Network May 6-7, Participatory Monitoring & 2 28 9 2 0 2004 Evaluation skills, Arusha, Tanzania May 13- Climbing bean project 2 37 14 1 3 14, 2004 Stakeholders meeting in NZ, Moshi, Tanzania May 26- Training/Demonstration for 2 21 11 0 3 27, 2004 stakeholders on bean recipes, Tengeru, Tanzania May 28- National workshop for 3 20 5 2 7 30, 2004 Kenya Bean Research Team Jun 1-2, Seed production, distribution & 2 19 6 0 4 2004 marketing to SARI bean Programme and its stakeholders, Arusha, TZ Jun 9 – Bean Seed Dissemination 2 28 0 10, 2004 Workshop Jun 9- Ethiopian workshop for 2 30 0 1 4 10, 2004 Stakeholders in Bean Research Development 297 Courses and workshops: Date Title Duration Total No. No. Women No. of No. of (days) participants participants CIAT/ECABREN NARS instructors instructors Jun 15- Workshop on decentralized 2 26 6 1 3 16, 2004 seed systems for CARITAS Rwanda projects Jun 21- Proposal writing retreat, 6 10 2 0 0 26, 2004 Arusha, Tanzania Jun 27- Seed Aid and Germplasm 5 18 2 1 Jul 2, Restoration in Disaster 2004 Situations: Synthesis of Lessons: case analysis Aug 16- Review workshop on 2 28 5 1 2 17, 2004 decentralized seed systems in northern Tanzania Sep 10, Climbing bean project- 1 32 6 0 2 2004 Stakeholders meeting in western zone, Bukoba, Tanzania Sep 27- Community based seed 3 25 6 2 5 29, 2004 production of improved open pollinated varieties in Maputo –Mozambique in collaboration with ICRISAT, CIMMYT, IITA and SADC Seed security network Sep 27- ECABREN Regional variety 3 11 2 0 0 30, 2004 selection & proposal development meeting in Nairobi Oct 5, Workshop on decentralized 1 24 5 2 2 2004 seed systems for Swaziland sector seed stakeholders Oct 7, Workshop on decentralized 1 8 3 2 2 2004 seed systems for Lesotho seed sector stakeholders 5.1.3 Trips and attendance of Headquarters staff at meetings The Bean Project Manager made the following trips: • September-October, 2003, Nairobi. Biofortification Organizational Workshop. • September-October, 2003, Berne, Switzerland and UK. Visit to donors. • April, 2004, El Salvador. Annual meeting of PCCMCA. The Mesoamerican bean breeder visited the following countries: • October, 2003, USA. BIC Biennial meeting in California • November, 2003, Nicaragua. Attend workshop on participatory breeding for drought tolerance. • January, 2004, Nicaragua. Revise harvest of drought trials and plan follow up. 298 • March, 2004, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique. Plant breeder’s conference in South Africa and field tour of SABRN. • May, 2004, Rome. Planning workshop for End User project of HarvestPlus. • May, 2004, Kenya. Discussions on planning of bean bioefficacy trial. • August, 2004, Nicaragua. Field visit to review progress on drought project and consultation on INTA-CIAT collaboration. • October, 2004, UK and Denmark. Workshop on in vitro methods for estimating bioavailability of minerals in humans. The Andean breeder/germplasm specialist visited the following countries: • January 8-15, 2004, San Diego, California, USA. Plant & Animal Genome Conference – co-organized Generation Challenge Program markers meeting. • January 29-31, Medellin, Colombia. Visit to field experiments and plan for collaborative activities with CORPOICA. • March 14-18, 2004, Durban, South Africa. South African Plant Breeding Association Meeting –presented a poster on marker assisted selection and met with colleagues from Eastern and Southern Africa regions. • March 19-31, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe. Coordination on breeding objectives in the region and evaluation of nurseries. • April 24-29, 2004, Universidad Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico. Seminar presentation and coordination with UNAM team on generation of EST sequences for common bean. • June 8-10, 2004, Sacramento and University of California – Davis, California, USA. USAID-Linkage program conference and coordination with bean research colleagues at UC-Davis. • June 12-18, 2004, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Presented paper at the Phaseomics III conference and met with colleagues to discuss progress on TILLING / mutagenesis. • June 20-25, 2004, Instituto Agronomico del Mediterraneo, Zaragoza, Spain. Attend the Genotyping Workshop of the Generation Challenge Program. • July 1-5, 2004, Bolivia. Attend “Congreso Nacional de Productores de Frejol,” coordinate with PRONALAG and present Biofortification activities to Bolivian bean producers organization. • September 12-17, 2004, EMBRAPA–Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Arroz e Feijāo, Brazil. Coordination with plant breeding and genetics units, presenting two seminars on the Generation and Harvest Plus challenge programs. • September 21-24, 2004, University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia. Attend Generation Challenge Program annual meeting. The bean entomologist: • November, 2003, Texcoco, Mexico. Evaluate Apion nurseries. • March, 2004, Chota, Ecuador. Visit whitefly management trials. • May, 2004, Beijing, China. Attend International Plant Protection Congress. 299 The bean virologist: • February 2004, El Salvador and Yucatan, Mexico. Tropical Whitefly Project. The plant nutritionist: • January 5-9, 2004, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan. International Symposium on Frontier Research to Improve Crop productivity on Acid Soils • January 9-17, 2004, JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Japan. To review the on-going collaborative research on nitrification inhibition in Brachiaria humidicola. • February 1-4, 2004, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. To review progress in aluminum resistance research supported by BMZ-GTZ. • March 16-18, 2004, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. International Workshop on “Adaptation to Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Biological Diversity” • April 18-21, 2004, San Salvador, El Salvador. PCCMCA (Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano para el Mejoramiento de Cultivos y Animales). • 31 July-5 August, 2004, Sendai, Japan. International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (PSILPH). • August 6-8, 2004, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan. International Symposium on Al Stress Research in Plants: Present Status and New Directions for Future. • July 5-9, 2004, Agropolis, Montpellier, France. Generation Challenge Program Workshop on Phenotyping and Water Deficit. The bean pathologist: • July 11-16, 2004, Kampala, Uganda. Discussion on the workplan to implement molecular techniques for detection of Pythium species that cause bean root rots. Meetings and Workshops: The bean project manager: • Annual meeting of PCCMCA. El Salvador • Biofortification Workshop in Nairobi • Planning workshop for End User project of HarvestPlus in Rome • Workshop on in vitro methods for estimating bioavailability on minerals in humans in UK and Denmark The Mesoamerican bean breeder visited the following countries: • BIC Biennial meeting in California, USA • Workshop on participatory breeding for drought tolerance in Nicaragua • Plant breeder’s conference in South Africa • Discussions on planning of bean bioefficacy trial in Kenya The bean entomologist: • International Plant Protection Congress. Beijing, China. 300 The plant nutritionist: • International Symposium on Frontier Research to Improve Crop productivity on Acid Soils held at Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan. • 6th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (PSILPH) held from 31 July to 5 August, 2004 by the Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sendai, Japan. • International Symposium on “Al Stress Research in Plants: Present Status and New Directions for Future”. Satellite Symposium of the 6th PSILPH in Sendai. Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan. 7 August, 2004. • Generation Challenge Program Workshop on Phenotyping and Water Deficit held at Agropolis, Montpellier, France (5-9 July, 2004). • International Workshop on Adaptation to Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Biological Diversity” held at Turrialba, Costa Rica. March 16-18, 2004. The Pathologist Research Assistant: • Workshop to train technicians (65) on the agronomic management of snap and dry beans and integrated disease management, held in Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia. June 4, 2004. • Workshop to train technicians (110) on the agronomic management of snap and dry beans and integrated disease management, held in Bogotá, Colombia. June 24-25, 2004. • Workshop to train technicians (110) on the agronomic management of snap and dry beans and integrated disease management, held in Pitalito, Huila, Colombia. July 30, 2004. Awards • The "Hernan Alcaraz Viecco 2004" award was given to Isaura Rodríguez, Héctor Morales, Juan M. Bueno and César Cardona, for the best paper presented during the XXXI Congress of the Entomological Society of Colombia, SOCOLEN in Bogota, CO., entitled “El biotipo B de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) adquiere mayor importancia en el Valle del Cauca” • S. Beebe received the Meritorious Service Award from the Bean Improvement Cooperative at its annual meeting in Sacramento, California, October 2003. 5.1.4 Trips and attendance of African staff at meetings The Plant Pathologist/PABRA Coordinator made the following trips: • October 17 – 21, 2003, Ethiopia. Join the SDC-PABRA representative in visiting PABRA partners, and visit bean program activities. • October 25- 29, 2003, Malawi. Attend SABRN steering committee. • October 30 –Nov 2, 2003, Zambia. Visit thesis research of Mathias Zulu in Lusaka • November 8-12, 2003, Rwanda. ISAR planning meeting to develop research projects to support IPM and biotechnology activities. • January 14-17, 2004, Rwanda. Planning meeting with ISAR. • January 26–30, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Attend a stakeholders meeting on Bioscience facility. 301 • February 23-25, 2004, Embu, Kenya. Attend Annual Meeting on Conservation and sustainable management of below ground biodiversity. • April 13-17, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Attend ECABREN Steering Committee. • April 20 – 24, 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Attend a PPB a skill building training workshop. • May 4 – 7, 2004, Rome, Italy. Attend end-user meeting of Harvest plus. • May 10 – 13, 2004, Pretoria, S. Africa. Participate development of a proposal under the challenge program on agriculture and health led by SIMA-IWMI. • May 19 – 21, 2004, Bilene, Mozambique. Attend PABRA Steering Committee. • May 31- June 2, 2004, Jinja, Uganda. Participate in CIAT Africa staff meeting. • June 2-4, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Support national partners in developing a proposal for support under ASARECA Competitive Grant System on biotechnology. • July 5 – 9, 2004, Addis, Ethiopia. To participate in a workshop to build capacity in biotechnology. • September 21, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Join the DG of CIAT in a meeting with the Rockefeller Foundation. • September 24, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Join the DG of CIAT in a meeting with the University of Nairobi. • September 26 – 29, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Support and participate in the development of three CNs by ECABREN members for the ASARECA Competitive Grant System. • October 10 – 13, 2004, Rwanda. Technical backstop visit to ISAR Bean program. • October 14-15, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Participate with CIAT-TSBF to develop a full proposal for submission to Belgium. The East African breeder maintained the following travel schedule: • January 12-15, 2004, Kampala, Uganda. Visit NAARI bean program and develop work plans. • January 15-17, 2004, Rubona, Rwanda. Developing work plans for ISAR and INERA bean programs and visit HarvestPlus material and meeting with ATDT manager. • February 12-15, 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Planning meeting with KARI-Kakamega. • February 22-28, 2004, Cali, Colombia. To attend acid soils Workshop. • March 15-21, 2004, South Africa. Present a paper at breeders meeting in Durban and visit ARC bean program. • March 21-25 October 14-15, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Participate with CIAT-TSBF to develop a full proposal for submission to Belgium., 2004, Harare, Zimbabwe. Visit bean program in Zimbabwe. • March 25-30, 2004, Lilongwe, Malawi. Visit bean program in Malawi and Mozambique. • April 12-17, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Regional Steering Committee meeting for ECABREN. • April 17-25, 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. PABRA PPB training workshop. • May 10-13, 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Adoption study seminar and visit trial sites. • May 26-30, 2004, Nakuru, Kenya. National bean meeting. • June 22-27, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. Visti SARI bean program and ECABREN proposal writing. • July 14-21, 2004, Kinshasa, Mvuazi, DR Congo. Visit INERA bean program in Western DR Congo. 302 • July 27-28, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. Developing ECABREN work plans. • July 29 -August 1, 2004, ISAR, Rwanda. Student supervision and meeting with ATDT/ISAR manager. • August 12 -September 19, 2004, Cali, Colombia. Marker assisted breeding training. • September 26 -October 2, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Regional Variety selection and development of concept notes. • October 14-15, 2004, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. TSBF proposal writing. • October 17-25, 2004, Melkassa, Awassa and Alemaya, Ethiopia. Visit Ethiopian bean programs. The SABRN coordinator/Breeder made the following trips: • February 16-21, 2004, Lesotho, South Africa. Supervise Ms. Student thesis research. • February 22-29, 2004, Maputo, Mozambique. Participate in Harmonizing seed Regulations. • March 8-11, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Participate in the Relief Seed Strategy meeting. • March 14-21, 2004, Durban, South Africa. Participate in the Southern Africa Plant Breeders Association. • March 21-25, 2004, Harare, Zimbabwe. Provide breeding support to Zimbabwe national program. • April 25-29, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. Attend CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IITA and SSSN joint workshop on seed multiplication of OPV and self-pollinated crops. • May 18-21, 2004, Bilene, Mozambique to attend PABRA Steering Committee Meeting. • June 21-26, 2004, Maputo, Mozambique to provide support to Mozambique NARS together with the ERI team. • July 6-9, 2004, Maseru, Lesotho. Follow up on progress for MSc. Student research. • July 11-17, 2004, Chokwe, Mozambique to conduct a participatory variety selection with farmers. • July 20-24, 2004, Northern Mozambique. Explore potential bean production environments in the northern part of the country with Mozambican scientists, and establish contacts with possible partners and collaborators in participatory research and seed production. • August 16-18, 2004, Dedza, Malawi. Organize bean IPM farmers to start bean seed multiplication. • August 15-September 15, 2004, Cali, Colombia. Visit CIAT headquarters to sharpen skills in use of molecular tools in plant breeding. • September 26-29, 2004, Maputo, Mozambique. Attend CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IITA and SSSN joint workshop on seed multiplication of OPV and self-pollinated crops. The ECABREN coordinator made the following trips: • November 3, 2003, HAI district, Tanzani. Visit R4D activities with CIAT DG. • November 14, 2003, Katumani, Kenya. Meeting with KARI staff on strengthening coordination of national bean program. • February 11-14, 2004, Bukavu, DR Congo. Discuss wider impact strategy with INERA scientists and development partners 303 • February 16-18, 2004, Kampala, Uganda. Visit CIAT Africa and attend NARI Planning meeting for Participatory M&E of Bean Research & Development in Uganda. • February 22-24, 2004, Rwanda. Discuss bean research for development activities with ISAR scientists. • February 24-27, 2004, Bujumbura, Burundi. Meet and discuss bean research and development activities with ISABU partners. • March 23, 2004, Hai district, Tanzania. Visit IDPM Project sites with DFID Crop Protection Programme (CPP) Managers. • March 24-April 4, 2004, Embu, Kenya. Attend P M&E training course. • August 9-13, 2004, Lushoto/Hai/Arumeru districts of Northern Tanzania. Monitoring & Evaluation of Farm Africa/ECABREN - Climbing bean project. • August 25-30, 2004, Ethiopia. Monitoring and orientation of ECABREN projects & activities at Melkasa and Awasa Research centers. The Monitoring and Evaluation expert made the following trips: • February 16, 2004, Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Center-Kampala, Uganda. Launching Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation in National Research and Development Institutions. • March 15-16, 2004, Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Center- Kampala,Uganda. Working sessions with project officers on PM&E. • March 24, 2004, Embu, Kenya. Workshop on Strengthening Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation in R&D Institutions. • April 12, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Launching PM&E in ECABREN, ECABREN Steering Committee • April 6, 2004, Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Center-Kampala, Uganda. Strategic meeting for PM&E in bean research projects. • May 6, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. Launching PM&E for R&D in Selian Agricultural Research Institute. • September 21, 2004, Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Center-Kampala, Uganda. Meeting with National Bean Program Coordinator to develop work plan for PM&E in bean Program. The Africa & Agrobiodiversity Program Senior Scientist made the following trips: • March 1-3, 2004, Oslo, Norway. Noragric-USAID/Care Norway-funded Seed Security/Seed Aid project: presentation of project results and awareness raising among Nordic donors • March 9-12, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya (Catholic Relief Service Offices). IDRC-funded Seed Aid and Germplasm Restoration Project: Launch meeting. • April 18-24, 2004, Kakamega, Kenya (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute). Participatory Plant Breeding Training Course: East, Central and Southern Africa Regions • May 31-June 2, 2004, Kampala Uganda. CIAT/Africa Staff Meeting. • June 27-July 2, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. IDRC-funded Seed Aid and Germplasm Restoration Project: Restoration: 25 case analysis. • July 25-28, 2004, Ottawa, Canada, Commission on Biological Diversity. Consultation with CBD on Seed Aid and Seed Security- for vulnerable farmers. 304 • September 13-17, 2004, Kampala, Uganda. HarvestPlus: Reaching Enduser Coordinator Interviews. Meetings and Workshops: The SABRN coordinator/Breeder: • March 8-11, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. The Relief Seed Strategy meeting • April 25-29, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IITA and SSSN joint workshop on seed multiplication of OPV and self-pollinated crops. • May 18-21, 2004, Bilene, Mozambique. PABRA Steering Committee Meeting. • September 26-29, 2004, Maputo, Mozambique. CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IITA and SSSN joint workshop on seed multiplication of OPV and self-pollinated crops. The ECABREN coordinator: • October 6-15, 2003, Nairobi, Kenya. Course on Project planning and EDF procedures organized by MDF in cooperation with ASARECA • October 16-18, 2003, Nairobi, Kenya. 27th ASARECA Committee of Directors’ meeting • April 13-17, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. ECABREN Regional Planning & Steering Committee meetings • April 21 -22, 2004, Entebbe, Uganda. ASARECA/REDSO Financial Management Training workshop • May 6-7, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. Training workshop on Participatory M&E systems • May 19-22, 2004, Bilene, Mozambique. PABRA Annual Steering Committee Meeting • May 24-27, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. ASARECA-Competitive Grant System Pre-Inception Planning Workshop • May 31-June 2, 2004, Njinja, Uganda. CIAT Africa Staff Retreat • June 21-26, 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. ECABREN Proposals Development Retreat • July 5-9, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. ASARECA-CGS Inception Call Planning and Writing Workshop • September 7-10, 2004, Entebbe, Uganda. REDSO-CGS Meeting and Call Writing • September 25-26, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. ERI-PRIAM meeting for CN development • September 27 – 30, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. ECABREN Variety Selection and Planning Meeting The Africa & Agrobiodiversity Program Senior Scientist: • March 2-3, 2004. Bridging the gap between relief and development: Best practices in seed stress situations. • March 8-12, 2004. Seed aid and germplasm restoration in disaster situations: Synthesis of lessons: launch meeting. • April 18-24, 2004. Participatory Plant Breeding: Country-specific workplan formulation and basic skill-building. • June 27-July2, 2004. Seed aid and germplasm Restoration in disaster situations: Synthesis of lessons: case analysis. • May 5-7, 2004. Reaching EndUsers in HarvestPlus: Coordination and workplan meeting. 305 Conclusions: Many of the national program partners, especially in SABRN, are young scientists with only BSc. Degree, and the network is trying hard to provide them with higher-level training. All of them have made good progress on their thesis research, and one has submitted it for review. Further progress has been made in collaboration on seed issues with other networks run by other future harvest centers (CIMMYT, ICRISAT, and IITA) in the SADC region to sensitize stakeholders in Mozambique and Tanzania. In addition the future harvest centers in the SADC region together with the SSSN have finalized the seed regulations in the region to facilitate regional movement of seed. 5.1.5 Participatory Plant Breeding in Africa Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) continues to be an effective vehicle for developing and screening new varieties with farmers. NARSs in the southern and east/central African networks, have institutionalized the approach within their regional logframes and two sites in particular, Southern Ethiopia and Rwanda, use PPB as their routine approach to variety development. One particular milestone this year bears mention, the first Africa-wide compilation of PPB and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement (PPGRE) experiences. These proceedings emerged from an Africa-wide symposium on Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement (PPGRE) held in Ivory Coast, May 2001. It brought together work from 19 countries, covering 13 crops, (Table 131), and, despite the relative newness of the work, embraced an impressive range of different experimental approaches. Table 131. Africa-Wide PPB/PPGRE Proceedings Geographic focus Crop focus Benin Pearl millet Democratic Republic of Congo Barley Eritrea Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Ethiopia Maize The Gambia Rice (upland and irrigated) Ghana Sweet potato Ivory Coast Banana Kenya Sorghum Malawi Cowpea Mali Cassava Morocco Yam Mozambique Indigenous vegetables Niger Cotton Senegal Sierra Leone Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Zimbabwe Total 19 13 crops 306 The proceedings were published bilingually during 2004 (English/French) and represent a close collaboration between CIAT/PRGA and CIRAD (Montpelier).. They have several unique features ! Linking of PPB and PGR themes PPB work in Africa has mainly focused on the goal of moving new varieties and at improving production gains. However, particularly in African subsistence context, encouraging a greater diversity of intra-species variety use could potentially render increased stability in the heterogeneous and marginal production systems. On-farm plant genetic resource work in Africa, for its part, continues to be filtered though a “conservation” or, at best, a “conservation and use” lens. Relatively few initiatives to date emphasize dynamic varietal diversity enhancement (adding value to local materials or broadening the scope of local material use) or specifically program support for dynamic farmer- based processes—such as support for farmer plant breeding or evolutionary seed management practices. The proceedings include a small but growing number of programs that suggest how the PGR and PPB goals can be practically united—on the ground. ! Bringing farmer breeders and farmer collaborators directly into the debate The proceedings include reports directly from farmers and farmer-breeders. One set of reports, drawn from those who normally collaborate in PPB projects, give farmer assessments of “what it means to work together with research institutes in plant breeding work”. The other type of farmer report, from a Benin yam farmer, describes the technical nuances and processes of his own yam domestication. This process has been little documented although such domestication is critical for advancing yam evolution in West African region. ! Broadening theme discussion beyond breeding per se—to ancillary services concerns To be effective, and to achieve institutionalization, PPB has to draw beyond insights and methods of breeding per se and address key “ancillary concerns”. Two of these more prominent concerns, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and Seed Production for PPB are reported within this synthetic volume. The IPR issues as well as more general access and benefit sharing are becoming increasingly important in PPB work in the African region (and have been integrated as elements in CIAT’s PPB training work). Ethiopia is just about to release several PPB–generated varieties— with the variety release committee officially recognizing that “the varieties were uniquely developed through participatory approaches.” 307 5.1.6 Tanzanian farmers’ perspectives on participatory breeding: selecting new bean varieties tolerant to bean stem maggot and angular leaf spot Rationale: Most case studies in participatory plant breeding have reported on involvement of farmers in selection from fixed or nearly fixed lines (Weltzien, et al, 2003). This is also true of beans (Mbikayi and Bakunzi, 2004; Kapapa, 2004; Dauro et al, 2004). This approach has been referred to as participatory variety selection (PVS). Ceccareli et al (2000) suggested participatory plant breeding per se should refer to involvement of farmers when the amount of genetic variation is at its maximum, normally at F2 generation. Consequently, little is known about the ability of farmers to recognize and select within a variable population. Dauro et al (2004) noted that although farmers were keen to participate in evaluation and selection, they had difficulty rejecting inferior lines and tended to select a larger number of lines than they could possibly evaluate in their home plots. In Alemaya, Ethiopia, after participating in a breeding trial for three years, farmers decided the number of lines they could accommodate in future participatory bean breeding trials for effective selection was 6 to 8 lines for women farmers with small plots, and 10-15 lines for resource rich farmers with larger plots and resources to hire additional labor (CIAT, 2002). The regional bean program has been integrating participatory selection in its formal-led breeding activities to facilitate both formal release of new varieties and rapid access of new varieties through informal seed production. In this report, we highlight selection of new bean varieties tolerant to bean stem maggot and angular leaf spot from segregating populations in northern Tanzania. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to determine the ability of farmers to recognize and select within a variable population at Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), near Arusha, Tanzania (Ngulu et al, 2004; CIAT 2002). Farmers selected from six populations segregating for resistance to bean stem maggot (BSM) and nine segregating for angular leaf spot (ALS). The BSM populations were generated from crosses among seven contrasting parental lines (G3844, ZPV 292, EMP 81, G2005, Lyamungu 85, Canadian Wonder and Dore de Kirundo). The ALS populations originated from crosses among seven parents (UBR (92)25, LB2878, ZAA84044, LB 842-1, LB2465, 2702/2 and A409). Hybridization and advancement of the segregating populations to F4 was conducted at the station, mainly to increase seed. Both BSM and ALS populations were also segregating for seed color and size, growth habit and other agronomic characters. Farmers and breeders made single plant selections and used them to establish progeny rows in their plots. Farmers finally selected and named bean lines that performed well in their fields. The 15 participating farmers were divided into user groups based on their preferences (Table 132) 308 Table 132. Socio-economic characteristics and variety preferences of user groups participating in bean selection at Selian, Arusha, Tanzania. User group Varietal preferences Socio-economic characteristics I. Subsistence small – Early maturing, fast cooking, Main farmer is a woman above 18 years of age, scale bean farmers low flatulence, tasty grain, keeps cultivates beans mainly for home consumption on < well over night, high yielding, 1 acre of land, land preparation by oxen or hand hoe, small seeded, cream and red belongs to the low middle and poor wealth categories colored II. Semi-subsistence small Tolerance to poor soils, Farmer may be a man or a woman above 18 years of – scale bean farmers resistance to storage pest, early age producing beans on household and/or personal maturity, possible to intercrop, plots for both subsistence and sale, cultivates beans brown and red color, resistance on < 3 acre, land preparation by oxen or hand hoe, to shattering belongs to low middle and poor wealth categories III. Market oriented High yielding, tasty grain, red Farmer is typically a man, rarely a woman who farmers and brown color, large seed produces beans mainly for sale on 3-15 acres on types average, land preparation by oxen or tractor, may use chemicals to control field pests, belongs to middle to high wealth categories Results and Discussion: Results showed that market oriented farmers were disenchanted with the small quantities of seed of the segregating populations. They declined to plant and manage the populations in their fields. Only a few participated during selection. Yield, seed color and taste were important to all groups. Overall, yield and seed color accounted for 28% and 27% of the criteria used by farmer-selectors and farmer evaluators. Pod load, disease resistance, drought and seed size each accounted for 5% to 9%; the other 10 criteria accounted for less than 4% each. Cream seed was by far the most popular color (30% of selections) followed by pink, red kidney and brown-maroon. Small and medium seeded materials accounted for 82% of the selections. Marketability was important to the market oriented and semi-subsistence groups in the final evaluations. Thirty-two lines were selected from the BSM population and 13 from ALS population in 2001, after four years selection (Ngulu et al, 2002). Seed of these lines was increased and final evaluations conducted in 2002 and 2003 by all farmer groups including traders and urban consumers. Six BSM and three ALS lines were finally selected. The selections were mainly based on seed color and seed size. There was a tendency to select lines with characteristics similar to commercial/local varieties. Market oriented farmers tended to select fewer lines compared to subsistence/semi subsistence farmers. The farmer evaluators were very proud of their selections. They named the lines after the name of their village (Makiba) and used acronyms derived from farmer selectors’ and researchers’ names. The names of the nine lines were: Neema, Makiba, Heriipo, Siliwima, Hujuti, Ushindi, Kiimarisho, Tulizana and Hamadi. Characteristics of these lines are shown in Table 133. The nine lines were also entered into advanced yield testing to determine other potential areas to which they may be adapted and to generate additional data required for formal release. At the same time, farmers started multiplication and informal seed dissemination for the nine new varieties. 309 Table 133. Names and characteristics of nine bean lines selected by farmers from segregating populations in Selian, Arusha, Tanzania. Line Source population Reasons why it was selected by farmers name Heriipo ZPV292 x Lyamungu 85 High yielding, early maturing, resistant to bean stem maggot, good taste, large seeds and red mottled grain Kiilarisho ZPV292 x Lyamungu 85 Early maturing, high yielding, large purple seeds, good taste and resistant to bean stem maggot. Siliwima ZPV 292 x Lyamungu 85 High yielding, early maturity, resistant to bean stem maggot, good taste, large purple seeds. Tulizana ZPV292 x Lyamungu 85 Early maturing, high yields, resistant to bean stem maggot, large purple seeds and good taste. Hamad ZPV202 x Lyamungu 85 Early maturing, high yields, resistant to bean stem maggot and red mottled (calima) grain type. Makiba UBR(92)25 x LB2465 High yielding, resistant to angular leaf spot, small seed size, climbing growth habit and cream-speckled (mulatinho). Hujuti ZPV 292 x Canadian Early maturing, high yielding, resistant to bean stem maggot, large Wonder khaki seeds. Ushindi UBR{92}25 x LB2465 High yielding, resistant to angular leaf spot, small brown-maroon seeds, semi-climbing growth habit. Neema LB842 –1 x LB2878 Good yield, resistant to angular leaf spot, small red seeds and climbing growth habit. Contributors: Paul Kimani, Festo Ngulu, S.O. Kweka and J. Musaki Collaborators: SARI bean program Progress towards achieving output milestones: • Progress is underway with students training at Ms. Degree level. • Further progress has been made in collaboration on seed issues with other networks run by other Future Harvest centers (CIMMYT, ICRISAT, and IITA) in the SADC region. • Farmers participating in promotion of bean IPM activities, have greatly been empowered to demand other services from different stakeholders. Now they are adventuring into bean seed production as a business. • Proceedings of a workshop to review participatory plant breeding across Africa was compiled: Participatory Plant Breeding and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement: An Africa-wide Exchange of Experiences. 310 Activity 5.2 Collaborative projects developed and executed with NARS and regional networks Highlights: • The Swiss government extended its commitment to support the PABRA research network until 2007 • A system of competitive grants under the auspices of ASARECA is operational and CIAT is participating in project development • A long term (6 year) project was approved by the Canadian government to improve Latin American crops for nutritional value, under CIAT’s leadership • The CIAT bean team is participating in two CGIAR Challenge Programs 5.2.1 Special projects developed in Africa Title Donor Comments Funding Total amount period Assisting disaster-affected and USAID 2002-2004 US$ 305,000 chronically-stressed communities in East and Central Africa: Focus on small farmer seed systems. Supporting improved nutrition, CIDA To support PABRA 2003-2008 US $ 4,458,513 food security and community empowerment for poverty alleviation Seed aid and germplasm IDRC 2003-2005 US $ 126,000 restoration in disaster situations: Synthesis of lessons learned and promotion of more effective practices Climbing bean & agroforestry FARM-AFRICA Bilateral project 2004-2006 UK£59,997 interventions MATF East and Central Africa Bean USAID/REDSO Coordination , 2004-2006 $490,000 Research Network capacity building & backstopping funds 311 Special projects developed in Africa cont’d … Title Donor Comments Funding Total amount period Supporting improved nutrition, SDC To support PABRA. 2004-2007 US $2,000,000 food security and community Proposal approved empowerment for poverty and funds available alleviation as of October Application of marker assisted USAID/ through For support of NARS 2004-2007 US $ 150,000 selection (MAS) for the ASARECA in Kenya, Uganda improvement of bean common Competitive and Rwanda. MAS to mosaic necrotic virus Grant System be conducted at resistance in common bean Kawanda lab. (Phaseolus vulgaris Proposal selected. Increasing food security and RF Approved to 2005-2008 US $ 300,000 rural incomes in Eastern, commence in 2005 Central and Southern Africa through genetic improvement of bush and climbing beans Bean root rot disease DFID Bilateral project with 2005-2006 UK £ 70,443 management in Uganda Uganda. Under review for one year extension Promotion of Integrated Pest DFID Under review for one 2005-2006 UK £ 81,550 Management (IPM) Strategies year extension for of Major Insect Pests and partners (Tanzania, Diseases of Phaseolus Beans Kenya, Uganda, in Hillsides Systems in Rwanda, Malawi) Eastern, Central and Southern and CIAT Africa 5.2.1.1 Regional research subprojects under SABRN The SABRN activities are financed through PABRA, with funding from CIDA-Canada, SDC- Swiss and DFID (UK). Table 134 shows the list of sub-project activities that were carried out by NARS partners in 2003-04, in their contribution to the PABRA framework. 312 Table 134. Contribution of NARS partners within SABRN to selected PABRA research and development outputs. Output Activity Country Budget $ 1.1 Five improved bean varieties rich in micronutrients (Fe, Zn, or protein) and ten varieties tolerant to two or more major biotic and abiotic stresses 1.2.1 Continue to generate segregating bean populations for resistance South Africa 7,500 to major diseases and tolerance to major pests and low soil fertility and moisture stresses (South Africa (ALS & CBB), Malawi (low soil fertility and BSM). South Africa for ALS and CBB. Mozambique 800 1.2.2. Evaluate lines and varieties developed for low soil fertility and Zambia 800 moisture stress in potential BILFA and BIWADA with NARIS Swaziland 800 partners, including farmer participatory approaches (PPB). BILFA in Zimbabwe 800 six countries in SABRN x $800 each) Tanzania 800 D R Congo 800 Lesotho 800 1.4.1. Continue to support NARS partners in breeding for specific Malawi 4,400 market classes (Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Mozambique 2,000 Zimbabwe). Zambia 2,000 Malawi includes ALS, CBB, BSM, aphids and low soil fertility. Zimbabwe 2,500 South Africa 4,100 Tanzania 3,000 1.2. Ten new environmentally friendly options developed for managing soil productivity (fertility), and bean pests and diseases 2.1.1 (a). On-farm trials to verify with farmers and promote elite Tanzania 2,000 bean lines with multiple disease resistance D.R Congo 2,000 2.1.1 (b). Use botanical insecticide on bean leaf beetle (Ootheca) Tanzania 2,000 using IPM approach 2.1.1 (c). Test ISFM options with farmers in D R Congo, Malawi, Malawi 2,000 Mozambique, Swaziland, S/H Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe (7 Mozambique 2,000 Countries x $2,000 each) Zambia 2,000 Swaziland 2,000 Zimbabwe 2,000 Tanzania 2,000 D R Congo 2,000 Lesotho 2,000 1.3. Increased access to 10 new and 50 existing technologies by at least 2 million households (1.5 million by year 4). 3.1.1. Dissemination of new bean varieties and improved Malawi 1,000 production technologies through strategic alliances with NGOs in Mozambique 3,000 SABRN: Zimbabwe, D R Congo, Malawi, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zambia 3,000 Tanzania and Zambia (7 Countries x $3,000 each) Swaziland 3,000 Zimbabwe 2,330 3.1.3. Dissemination of new bean varieties and improved Tanzania 1,500 production technologies through strategic alliances with NGOs in D R Congo 3,000 SABRN Lesotho 3,000 313 Table 134. cont’d Output Activity Country Budget $ 3.1 Increased knowledge and skills of scientists and staff from NARIs, NGOs and rural service providers to effectively address clients’ needs 6.1.2. Produce articles for policy makers Tanzania 1,000 6.2.1. Support NARS to produce articles for policy makers in both Mozambique 500 networks (2 countries in each network) Zambia 500 6.3.1. Enhance partnerships between NARIS and other stakeholders Mozambique 1,500 that support community interventions to institute farmer Zambia 1500 participatory research (PRIAM) activities three new sites within ECABREN (Tanzania, D R Congo and Madagascar), and Mozambique and Zambia in SABRN 6.4.1. Support NARS partners to conduct seminars and develop Malawi 1,000 publications targeting development partners in 4 countries in each Mozambique 1,000 network (including participation in field days) Zambia 1,000 Tanzania 1,000 D R Congo 1,000 Lesotho 1,000 3.2: Strengthened intra-and inter-network collaboration both within and outside of networks 8.1.1 Impact assessment of improved bean varieties that have been Malawi 20,000 widely disseminated in Malawi 5.2.1.2 Regional research for development activities for ECABREN During the period from October 2003 to September 2004, the ECABREN supported research- for-development activities prioritized and ranked by the stakeholders during a priority setting exercise. Moreover, breeding programs on major bean market classes continued to be managed by the lead countries as in the past. The main R4D activities implemented by the network partners to achieve ECABREN objectives are shown in Table 135. In April 2004, the network reviewed the priority setting and defined three main bean products. The implementation of the new research agenda should start once proposals are funded, but certain activities should continue to be supported with other sources of funds. 314 Table 135. Activities implemented in ECABREN for year 2003-2004. ECABREN Goal: Enhanced sustainable agricultural productivity, value added and competitiveness of bean sector for increasing food security and income of rural and urban poor in ECA Strategic Objective: Demand driven bean-based technologies and innovations utilized Research and Development Activities • Select, test and disseminate marketable bean varieties of bush and climbing beans that improve food and health and address the region’s local and export markets • Develop, select and disseminate drought tolerant varieties • Package and disseminate effective integrated management options for the major pests and diseases of marketable bean varieties. • Test and disseminate improved agronomic practices for the management of soil and water for increased and lower-cost production of marketable bean varieties • Refine and distribute post-harvest technologies, to add value and expand bean markets. • Work with multiple partners to improve the availability and accessibility of good quality seed of improved and preferred marketable bean varieties. • Work with partners to make promotional materials and information more widely available in member countries for increased use of bean based technologies • Strengthen human and physical capacity of partners to innovate and to undertake research and development activities in their institutions Projects submitted • Improving competitiveness of snap beans for domestic and export markets, CN submitted to ASARECA-CGS • Improving snap bean competitiveness for domestic and export markets, CN submitted to ASARECA-CGS • Enhanced utilization of nutrient rich beans for improved nutrition and income in ECA, Full proposal to ASARECA/USAID-REDSO sub-grant Consultancies: These consultancies seek to encourage implementing organizations to reflect on seed aid and seed security issues: • Towards More Effective and Sustainable Seed Relief” Proceedings Donor: FAO. Total budget: US 3,600 over 2 months (August/Sept, 2004) • Agro-biodiversity and Seed Relief: leaflet. Donor: GTZ. Total budget: US 1,500 315 5.2.2 Projects developed in Latin America Special Collaborative projects at Headquarters Title Donor Comments Funding Total period amount Characterization of South American genotypes of European CIAT sub- 2001-2004 831,261 bean for optimal use of light under abiotic stress Commission / contracted by euros Univ. of Chile U. Chile Integration of bio-fertilization in bean cultivation by K.U. Leuven, 2001-2005 4,002.000 optimizing the use of the Rhizobium-bean Belgium B. francs symbiosis Andean climbing bean improvement for the Andean IICA/BID/ 2002-2005 US 125,000 Zone FONTAGRO Mejoramiento de la nutrición humana en IICA/BID/ Pending 2004-2007 US 350,000 comunidades pobres de América Latina FONTAGRO disbursement utilizando maiz (QPM) y frijol común of funds biofortificados con micronutrientes Increasing bean and maize agrobiodiversity as an ECOFONDO/ 2003-2006 US 8,823 approach for improving production systems, food FIDAR, security and nutrition in Nariño, Colombia Colombia Obtención de nuevas variedaes de frijol común con Universidad 2004-2007 US 8,235 atributos de rendimiento y potencial para nuevos Nacional de mercados, utilizando selección convencional y Colombia asistida por marcadores moleculares An integrated approach for genetic improvement of GTZ, Germany 2001-2004 690,244 aluminum resistance of crops on low-fertility acid euros soils Bean genomics for improved drought tolerance in BMZ, Germany Supports 2003-2006 US 740,000 Latin America drought work in Nicaragua Desarrollo de la producción y comercialización de Instituto Peruano de 2003-2004 US 15,000 leguminosas alimenticias en el Perú Leguminosas de Grano, IPL, Peru PROMPEX-CIAT Bean Project (Peru) SDC, Switzerland 2002-2004 US 30,000 Technical assistance to PRONALAG team (Bolivia) SDC, Switzerland 2002-2004 US 30,000 Improved beans for Africa and Latin America DFID, UK Restricted core 2004 US 260,586 Tropical Whitefly IPM Project DFID, UK Extension 2001-2004 US 90,000 expected in 2005 A coordinated effort to mark and map important USAID, United 2000-2004 US 15,000 genes in common bean: Universities of California, States Cornell, Michigan State, North Dakota, and Puerto Rico Genotyping, molecular marker development and Generation 2004 US 266,000 QTL analysis of common bean Challenge Program 316 Projects at Headquarters (continued).... Title Donor Comments Funding Total period amount Breeding staple crops for improved micronutrient USAID, United 2002-2004 US 400,000 value (for biofortification research) States Biofortified Crops for Improved Human Nutrition – World Bank Under 2003-2008 US 3000,000 Harvest Plus Challenge Program DANIDA, Harvest Plus Denmark Gates Foundation, USA Combating Hidden Hunger in Latin America: CIDA Complements 2004-2010 US1,254,400 Biofortified Crops with Improved Vitamin A, Harvest Plus Essential Minerals and Quality Protein Projects submitted • A full proposal on “Improving drought tolerance of grain legumes: Comparative physiological and genetic approaches to develop tools and methods for genetic enhancement” for CGIAR Challenge Program on Generation with CIAT as a lead center. Total budget: US$892,080 over 3 years. • A full proposal on “Realizing the benefits of underutilized legumes: Improving and diversifying production and enhancing soil quality in semiarid to sub-humid regions of Latin America” for INCO-DEV program of the European Commission with ETH, Switzerland as a lead institution. Total budget: Euros 2 million over 3 years. • A proposal on “Gene flow analysis for environmental safety in the tropics” for BMZ. Total budget: 1.2 million Euros over 3 years (2005-2007). • A proposal on “Increasing Food Security and Rural Incomes in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa through Genetic Improvement of Bush and Climbing Beans” was submitted to Rockefeller. Total budget: US$ 300,000 over 3 years (2005-2007). Approved. • A proposal on “Iniciativa Peruana de Rhizobiología : Fijación biológica de nitrógeno para el establecimiento de sistemas agrícolas sustentables y el progreso de los pequeños productores del Perú” submitted to IDRC. Total budget: CAN$ 999 625 over 5 years. Rejected. • A proposal on “Obtención de nuevas variedades de fríjol común con atributos de rendimiento y potencial para nuevos mercados, utilizando selección convencional y asistida por marcadores moleculares” submitted to COLCIENCIAS by Universidad Nacional with CIAT. Total budget: Col$ 22,000,000 over three years (2004-2007). 317 • Generation Challenge Program: “Genotyping, molecular marker development and QTL analysis of common bean” US$ 266,000. • A proposal on “Utilización de hierro y zinc en modelo animal y respuesta clínica al consumo habitual de fríjol de alta densidad mineral en mujeres y niños” submitted to COLCIENCIAS by Universidad del Valle with CIAT. Approved. Concept notes prepared • A concept note on “Enhancing the resilience of production systems in the Great Lakes region: a strategy to revitalize agriculture through the integration of natural resource management and marketing opportunities” was submitted to the Belgian government. • A concept note on “Improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the Great Lakes region: Overcoming major production constraints in bean-based cropping systems to assure food security and to enhance income generation” was submitted to DGDC, Belgium. Total budget: 1,355 million Euros over 5 years (2005-2009). • A concept note on “Light, water and stomata: gene targets for multiple abiotic stress tolerance” for CGIAR Challenge Program on Generation with CIAT as a lead center. Total budget: US$99,710 over 1 year (not approved for full proposal development). • A concept note on “Improving the resilience of crop/livestock farming systems to enhance food security and income generation in SADC (South African Development Cooperation) countries” with European Commission funds. This is awaiting the call for proposals. • A concept note on “Improving rural livelihoods in Rwanda: Promoting integrated crop, disease, and pest management (ICDPM) strategies for intensification and diversification of agricultural systems” was submitted as a bilateral project for Belgium. Total budget: 3 million Euros over 3 years (2005-2007). • A concept note on “Empowering farming communities in rural Colombia: Informed decision-making regarding the use of pesticides in snap bean production” was submitted to IDRC – RoKOS. Total budget: Can$ 120,000 over 18 months. • An idea on “Doubly green beans: Sustainable income generation for smallholder Colombian and Ecuadorian snap bean farmers with an environmentally clean product for local markets” is being consulted with CFC. Total budget: 2 million Euros over 4 years. Progress towards achieving output milestones: • CIAT is actively supporting the evolving research structure in eastern Africa as led by ASARECA, through technical input and through the development of projects with national partners. 318 Activity 5.3 Strengthen international collaboration through networks (Intra- and inter- network collaboration) and/or bi-lateral relations Highlights: • Four Future Harvest Centers (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, and IITA) together with SSSN organized teamed up to sensitize various stakeholders on sustainable ways to produce and distribute seed of OPV and self-pollinated crop in Tanzania and Mozambique. • Stakeholders selected in production to consumption chain defined three bean products for ECABREN research portfolio. These were beans for food and health; canning beans for domestic and export markets; snap bean and dry beans (white and sugar beans) for domestic, regional and international markets. 5.3.1 International cooperation under the CIDA-funded biofortification project for Latin America In 2004 CIDA and CIAT signed a contract to extend the work on biofortification to Latin America, thus filling a gap in the HarvestPlus Challenge Program. With regards to beans, the objectives of this project continue to be increased levels of iron and zinc through five broad activities: 1. Develop populations and lines for Honduras (red seeded), Guatemala (black seeded), Haiti (large red mottled), Brazil and Bolivia (cream striped) in conjunction with local breeders. 2. With populations that have been pre-selected for high mineral potential, select improved lines with organized farmer groups and local research committees. 3. Compile sets of elite lines for international distribution: red seeded to El Salvador and Nicaragua; black seeded to southern Mexico and Cuba; large red mottled to Andean countries. In years past improved genotypes were circulated widely in Latin America through a system of international trials, and more recently, the PROFRIJOL network in Central America carried out this function on a regional level. This activity will be revived to deliver improved lines to national research institutions, to farmer groups, and to NGOs in countries outside of the primary focus countries. 4. Inform and educate the health sector and NGOs about the biofortification strategy, with an eye to diffusion of improved varieties. 5. Produce and promote improved seed through the agency of NGOs in the Central American and Caribbean regions. In September, 2004 a workshop was held to initiate the project, with the attendance of bean researchers from Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, Brazil and the United States. Colleagues from Venezuela and Colombia who will participate in a related FONTAGRO-funded project were also 319 present to assure coordination. Eventually, when products are available, it is expected that a broader representation of Latin American partners will become involved. This project represents a rare opportunity to revive international cooperation in Latin America, as was previously carried out under regional projects in Central America and the Andean Zone. 5.3.2 Enhance regional coordination and effectiveness within and between CORAF, ECABREN and SABRN The PABRA annual steering committee meeting was held in Bilene, Mozambique in May 2004 with the participation of most of the consortium of PABRA donor representatives (CIDA, SDC, USAID, DFID), bean networks coordinators (ECABREN and SABRN) and their steering committee chairmen and CIAT. The meeting, which was officially opened and closed by the director of INIA and deputy Minister of Agriculture of Mozambique reviewed progress, and discussed new initiatives and annual work plans. The ECABREN coordination unit hired an agricultural economist as program assistant to reinforce monitoring and evaluation of socio- economic activities in the network. New and on-going initiatives were catalyzed at PABRA level to take advantage of economies of scale and comparative advantage of bean networks, partners and/or CIAT to foster linkages and enhance collaboration. These included implementation of the wider impact strategy (development and sharing of promotional materials, seed increase and dissemination); training and establishing of PM&E under PABRA; planning, training and execution of the Impact Assessment studies; harmonization of ECABREN and SABRN breeding strategies; application of Marker Assisted Selection using the Kawanda facilities; information exchanges and visits by pan-Africa working group resources persons (PRIAM, BILFA and IPM); bean biofortification initiatives (with support from CIAT headquarters); and enhancement of PPB skills and development of an action plan. A CIAT Africa website was launched with a PABRA sub-site. The ECABREN, SABRN and PABRA coordinators jointly reviewed progress of PABRA work plan and activities on a regular basis. The PABRA coordinator participated in SABRN and ECABREN steering committee meetings and was a resource person in ECABREN project development and technical meetings. Contacts were initiated with IRAD in Cameroon for bean program scientists to participate in ECABRENs’ regional planning meetings in April and July 2004. This was meant to give them exposure to issues, constraints and procedures for priority setting and also create contacts and profession links with colleagues in eastern Africa. It was anticipated that this would create a focus from which a West Africa (CORAF) research team would network other players in the region. ECABREN through its INERA partner in M’vuazi, D.R. Congo sent bean germplasm to CORAF countries including Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, and Cameroon as these areas have similar ecologies. Germplasm was also sent to Cameroon by the ECABREN regional breeder. In addition, on PABRA request, a breeder from INERA bean program in D.R. Congo (who sent the germplasm to West Africa) and a CIAT staff (Enabling Rural Innovation) visited Cameroon and met some of the bean scientists in an effort to better understand research issues and activities and to plan future interactions. 320 5.3.3 Enhance partnerships within the networks (including broadening steering committee membership, more alliances between NARS, NGOs and CBOs) A new alliance has been developed between Concern Worldwide and CIAT-SABRN to provide backstopping to Concern Worldwide in Malawi with bean-based technologies and seed multiplication. Concern Worldwide is funding the operations. The ECABREN coordination unit continued with its strategy of inviting active partners in the bean production-to-consumption chain to its regional planning meeting, including representatives of farmers, CBOs, national and regional organizations collaborating with member countries in the ASARECA region. In addition, the network strengthened alliances by signing memorandum of understanding (MOU) with three donor-funded NGOs operating in northern Tanzania to join in the implementation of R4D activities, especially in a Farm-Africa-ECABREN funded project on dissemination and promotion of climbing bean and agroforestry interventions in northern and south-western Tanzania. ECABREN also motivated Sokoine University of Agriculture (Food department) and Lagrotech Seed Company in Kenya to be involved actively in the implementation of various aspects of newly defined network projects such as bean for food and health. 5.3.4 Implementing priority setting recommendations for achieving research for development impact in ECABREN member countries Rationale: The ECABREN strategic objective aims at increasing utilization of demand driven bean-based technologies and innovations. Achieving this objective contributes to ASARECA’s strategic objective which emphasizes enhanced agricultural productivity, value-added and competitiveness of the regional agricultural system as a means towards realizing increased economic growth and improved social welfare in East and Central Africa. To fully integrate the ECABREN research and development agenda into ASARECA’s consolidated conceptual framework (CCF) and that of Pan-African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA), a review of priority setting recommendations was needed to contribute to achieving institutional goals. Methodology: The Regional Planning and Steering Committee meetings gathered 38 stakeholders representing actors in the bean production-to-consumption continuum. The group reviewed the 11 sub-themes that were ranked and prioritized last year (see IP-1 2003 Report). Through brain-storming, the stakeholders discovered the diversity of common bean uses and potential of various market classes grown in the region. Production, post-harvest, processing, marketing, consumption, and policy factors that affect important bean markets classes were analyzed. Important bean products were defined that could lead to achieving network and partners’ goals; expected results and R4D activities for each product were identified, discussed and agreed by the stakeholders for facilitating the development of project proposals. Results and Discussion: The three main bean products agreed included beans for food and health; navy beans or canning white pea bean for domestic and export markets; snap bean and dry beans (large white and sugar beans) for export markets. The later project was thereafter separated in two distinct projects including snap bean and sugar & large white beans. 321 Bean for food and health was considered as the major project on which the bean network should concentrate. Due to their numerous health benefits, dry beans are not only known as a source of micronutrients and protein, but also a source of other major nutrients and components including fiber whose role in preventing health related problems is being recognized worldwide. Therefore, network partners ranked ‘Bean for food and health project’ as high priority (50%), followed by navy beans (26%) and finally snap bean & large white and sugar beans project (24%). The beans for food and health project has been developed and submitted for approval by the ASARECA- technical support group (TSG) of CGS for two-year funding by USAID/REDSO; whereas concept notes on snap bean and navy bean projects were developed and submitted to ASARECA-CGS through calls addressed to all NARS in the ASARECA region. The following are the projects and research aspects that should be addressed in the next three year starting October 2004 (depending on availability of funds). Project 1: Enhanced utilization of nutrient rich beans for improved nutrition and income • Identification and promotion of existing and new nutrient rich bush and climbing beans; • Characterization of sustainable integrated nutrient, disease and pest management options that enhance nutrient density in existing and new bean germplasm of various market classes; • Development and promotion of acceptable post-harvest and value adding packaging; • Dissemination and promotion of nutrient rich beans and relevant improved agronomic practices. Project 2: Improving navy beans for competitive local and export markets • Identification and characterization of domestic and export market for navy beans, and improvement of linkage among market actors; • Development, identification and adaptation of appropriate navy bean populations and varieties; • Development, testing and adaptation of integrated disease, pest, soil nutrient and water management options for navy beans; • Testing and adaptation of post-harvest value addition technologies for navy beans; • Dissemination and promotion of pre-and post harvest technologies. Project 3: Improving competitiveness of snap bean for domestic and export markets • Characterization of potential snap bean regional and international export markets and identification of opportunities; • Identification and adaptation of snap bean varieties that meet domestic and export quality characteristics; • Development of improved production options for export snap bean; • Development and promotion of post-harvest options for snap bean; • Organization/facilitation of producers, traders, and other strategic partners to disseminate and promote snap bean technologies for ensuring growth in volume and quality of snap bean export. 322 Project 4: Improving competitiveness of white and sugar beans for export markets • Research and development areas are similar to snap bean project. Contributor: M. Pyndji, S. Kasambala and P. Kimani Collaborators: PABRA, ASARECA MEAPU, NARIs, NGOs, CBOs, Farmers and Private sector 5.3.5 Catalyze development of a regional seed support team in collaboration with other Future Harvest Centers and the SADC Seed Security Network Between April-September 2004, four Future Harvest Centers (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, and IITA) together with SSSN teamed up to sensitize various stakeholders on sustainable ways to produce and distribute seed of OPV and self-pollinated crops in Tanzania and Mozambique. This involved stakeholders from various institutions including NGOs, CBOs and farmers’ associations, to strengthen partnerships and collaboration. Progress towards achieving output milestones: • The Regional Steering Committee of Eastern and Central Africa Bean Research Network (ECABREN) ranked bean for food and health project as higher research priority in efforts to improve nutrition and health of rural and urban poor communities through increased consumption of nutrient rich beans in ASARECA region. 323 Publications: Book Chapters Amede, T., E. Amézquita, J. Ashby, M. Ayarza, E. Barrios, A. Bationo, S. Beebe, A. Bellotti, M. Blair, R. Delve, S. Fujisaka, R. Howeler, N. Johnson, S. Kaaria, S. Kelemu, P. Kerridge, R. Kirkby, C. Lascano, R. Lefroy, G. Mahuku, H. Murwira, T. Obertur, D. Pachico, M. Peters, J. Ramisch, I. Rao, M. Rondon, P. Sanginga, M. Swift and B. Vanlauwe. 2004. Biological nitrogen fixation: A key input to integrated soil fertility management in the tropics. In: R. Serraj (ed.) Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Prospects for enhanced application in tropical agriculture. Raju Primlani for Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, p. 113-143. Blair. M.W., S. Beebe, M. Grusak, J. Tohme, I. Rao. 2003. Development of genetic and genomic tools to study nutritional quality and aluminum tolerance in common bean. In: Summaries of legume genomics projects from around the globe. Community resources for crops and models. Legume Genomics. Special issue, G. Stacey, K Vendenbosch (eds.). Plant Physiology 131: 862-863. Broughton W.J., G. Hernandez, M.W. Blair, P. Gepts, J. Vanderleyden. 2003. The Phaseomics International Consortium. In: Summaries of legume genomics projects from around the globe. Community resources for crops and models. Legume Genomics. Special issue, G. Stacey, K Vendenbosch (eds.). Plant Physiology 131: 860-862. Cardona, C. 2004. Common beans – Latin America. In: Hodges R.J. and G. Farrell, (eds). Crop Post-harvest: Science and Technology Volume 2: Durables. Blackwell Science Ltd. London. ISBN 0632057238. Crouch, J.H., H.K. Buhariwalla, M.W. Blair, E. Mace, J. Balaji, R. Serraj. 2004. Biotechnology- based contributions to enhancing legume productivity in resource-poor areas. In: Serraj R. (ed.) Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Prospects for Enhanced Application in Tropical Agriculture. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi, India. Kimani, P.M., R. Buruchara and L. Sperling. 2004. Participatory plant breeding: Case of common bean improvement in East and Central Africa (Chapter submitted to editor). Mahuku, G.S. 2004. Angular leaf spot. In: Compendia of Bean Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN. (in press). Morales, F.J. 2004. Detection, diagnosis and identification of plant viruses based on physical, biochemical and biological properties. In: Handbook of Plant Virology. The Howarth Press, Inc. N.Y. Morales, F.J. 2004. Bean viruses. In: Compendia of Bean Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN. (in press). 324 Morales, F.J. 2004. Common bean viruses. In: Plant virus diseases of major food crops in developing countries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. (in press). Morales, F.J. 2005. Natural resistance mechanisms to viruses in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In: Natural Resistance to Plant Viruses. G. Loebenstein and J.P. Carr (eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands (submitted). Rao, I.M. 2004. Minerals: function. In: A. S. Raghavendra (ed.). Crop Physiology. The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, USA (in review). Rychter, A.M. and I.M. Rao. 2004. Role of phosphorus in photosynthetic carbon metabolism. In: M. Pessarakli (ed.). Handbook of Photosynthesis. 2nd Edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (in press). Refereed and non-refereed Journals Aggarwal, Vas D., M.A. Pastor-Corrales, R. Chirwa, R. Buruchara. 2004. Andean beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to the angular leaf spot pathogen (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) in southern and eastern Africa. Euphytica. 136:201-210 Anderson, P.K., A.A. Cunningham, N.G. Patel, F.J. Morales, P.R. Epstein, and P. Daszak. 2004. Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 1-10. Asfaw, A.D. Dauro and P.M. Kimani. 2004. Improving genetic diversity of common bean in farmer’s fields in Southern Ethiopia. (submitted). Asfaw, A. and P. M. Kimani. 2004. Genetic analyses of some metric traits in small-seeded bean line crosses. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47: 295-296. Blair M.W., F. Pedraza, H.F. Buendia, E. Gaitán-Solís, S. Beebe, P. Gepts, J. Tohme. 2004. Development of a genome-wide anchored microsatellite map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47:71-73. Blair, M.W., O. Checa, S, Beebe. 2004. Yield components measured in a climbing x bush bean RIL population. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47:297-298. Blair, M.W., M.C. Giraldo, H.F. Buendia, E. Tovar, A.F. Guerrero. 2004. Evaluation of microsatellite diversity in common bean parental surveys. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47:187-188. Blair, M.W., F. Pedraza, H.F. Buendia, E. Gaitán-Solís, S. Beebe, P. Gepts, J. Tohme. 2003. Development of a genome-wide anchored microsatellite map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Theor Appl Genet 107: 1362-1374. 325 Checa, O, M.W. Blair, S. Beebe. 2004. Genotypic variation in climbing ability traits in a common bean RIL population. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47: 301-302. Durán, L.A., M.W. Blair, M.C. Giraldo, R. Machiavelli, E. Prophete, J.C. Nin, J.S. Beaver. 2004. Morphological and molecular characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces from the Caribbean. Crop Sci. (accepted) Frei, A., J. M. Bueno, J. Díaz-Montaño, H. Gu, C. Cardona, and S. Dorn. 2004. Tolerance as a mechanism of resistance to Thrips palmi in beans. Entomol. Experim. et Appl. 112: 73-80. Frei, A., M. W. Blair, C. Cardona, S. E. Beebe, H. Gu, and S. Dorn. 2004. QTL mapping of resistance to Thrips palmi in common beans. Crop Sci. (accepted). Frei, A., H. Gu, J. M. Bueno, C. Cardona, and S. Dorn. 2003. Antixenosis and antibiosis of common beans to Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 1577- 1584. Gomez, O.J., M.W. Blair, B.E. Frankow-Lindberg, U. Gullberg. 2004. Molecular and phenotypic diversity of common bean landraces from Nicaragua. Crop Sci. 44: 1412-1418. Henriquez, M.A., G. Mahuku, J.E. Muñoz, G. Castellanos, C. Jara. 2004. Determinaciones de la diversidad genética del agente causal de la mancha angular del fríjol, Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares. (ASCOLFI Newsletter). Ishitani, M., I. Rao, P. Wenzl, S. Beebe and J. Tohme. 2004. Integration of genomics approach with traditional breeding towards improving abiotic stress adaptation: drought and aluminum toxicity as case studies. Field Crops Res. 90: (in press). Kang M.S., V.D. Aggarwal and R.M. Chirwa. 2004. Adaptability and stability of bean cultivars as determined via Kang’s yield-stability statistic and GGE biplot analysis. Submitted to Euphytica, September 2004. Kelemu, S., G. Mahuku, M. Fregene, D. Pachico, N. Johnson, L. Calvert, I. Rao, R. Buruchara, T. Amede, P. Kimani, R. Kirkby, S. Kaaria, and K. Ampofo. 2003. Harmonizing the agricultural biotechnology debate for the benefit of African farmers. Afr. J. Biotech. 2: 394- 416. Kimani, P.M., I. Wagara and M. Blair. 2004. Selection of climbing bean lines tolerant to common bacterial wilt, bean common mosaic virus and web blight. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47:309-310. Kimani, P.M. and S. Beebe. 2004. Screening for drought tolerance in Eastern Africa. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47: 311-312. Liao H, X. Yan, G. Rubio, S. Beebe, M.W. Blair, J.P. Lynch. 2004. Basal root gravitropism and phosphorus acquisition efficiency in common bean. Functional Plant Biology 31:959-970. 326 Mahuku, G., C. Montoya, M.A. Henríquez, C. Jara, H. Teran, S, Beebe. 2004. Inheritance and characterization of the angular leaf spot resistance gene in the common bean accession, G 10474 and identification of an AFLP marker linked to the resistance gene. Crop Sci. 44: 1817- 1824. Mahuku, G.S. 2004. A simple extraction method suitable for PCR-based analysis of plant, fungal, and bacterial DNA. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 22: 71-81. Mahuku, G.S. and J.J. Riascos. 2004. Virulence and molecular diversity within Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates from Andean and Mesoamerican bean varieties and regions. European Journal of Plant Pathology 110: 253-263. Manzano, M.R., J. van Lenteren, and C. Cardona. 2003. Comportamiento de búsqueda de Amitus fuscipennis (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae): Tiempo de permanencia en la planta hospedera y actividad de búsqueda. Rev. Colombiana Entomol. 29(2): 221-226 Mbikayi, N and P.M. Kimani. 2004. Participatory selection of yellow, brown, sugar and tan bean market classes in Eastern Congo. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 47: 305-306. Mukalazi, J. E. Adipala, R. Buruchara, J. Carder, F. Opio, Pettitt and N.J Spence. Quantification of Pythium species pathogenic to beans and the impact of organic amendments on soil pathogen populations in Uganda (submitted). Mukalazi, J. E. Adipala, R. Buruchara, J. Carder, F. Opio, Pettitt and N.J Spence. Variation, identification and detection of Pythium species associated with bean root rot disease in Uganda (submitted). Muñoz, L.C., M.W. Blair, M.C. Duque, W. Roca, J. Tohme. 2004. Level of introgression in inter-specific (Phaseolus vulgaris x P. acutifolius) congruity-backcross lines. Crop Sci. 44: 637-645. Murray, J. D., T. E. Michaels, K. P. Pauls, C. Cardona, and A. W. Schaafsma. 2004. Yield and insect injury in leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris and Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore) infested dry beans in Ontario and Colombia. Canadian J. of Plant Science 84: 891-900. Namayanja, A., R. Buruchara, P. Rubaihayo, G. Mahuku, P. Kimani, S. Mayanja and H. Eyedu. 2004. Inheritance of resistance to angular leaf spot in cultivars Mexico 54 and BAT 322. (submitted to African Crop Science J). Namayanja, A., R. Buruchara, G. Mahuku, Mayanja , P. Rubaihayo, P. M. Kimani, and H. Eyedu. 2004. Validating the utility of the angular leaf spot resistance markers for marker- assisted selection outside the original mapping population (submitted). Otsyula, R., R. Buruchara, P. Rubaiyo. 2003. Genetic mode of resistance in bean genotype MLB 49-89A to Pythium root rot. Ann. Rep. Bean Improvement Cooperative 46:219-220. 327 Riascos, J.H., G. Mahuku, and H. Cárdenas. 2004. Diversidad genética del agente causal de la antracnosis del fríjol común (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) (ASCOLFI News letter). Rodríguez, I., H. Morales, J. M. Bueno, and C. Cardona. 2004. El biotipo B de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) adquiere mayor importancia en el Valle del Cauca. Rev. Colombiana de Entomología Vol 30 (accepted). Santana, G.E., M.W. Blair, F. Morales, G. Mahuku, C, Jara, C. Castaño. 2004. Uso de técnicas clásicas y avanzadas para identificar genotipos de frijol resistentes a antracnosis y mosaico común. Fitotecnia Colombiana (accepted). Tusiime , G., R.A. Buruchara, J. Carder, N. Spence, F. Opio and E. Adipala. 2004. Genetic variation in Fusarium solani isolated from beans and soil associated with Fusarium root rot disease in southwestern Uganda (submitted). Tusiime, G., R.A. Buruchara, E. Adipala, J. Carder, N. Spence, and F. Opio. 2004. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) derived primers detects Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in common beans (submitted). Yan X, H. Liao, S. Beebe, M.W. Blair, J.P. Lynch. 2004. Molecular mapping of QTLs associated with root hairs and acid exudation as related to phosphorus uptake in common bean. Plant and Soil (accepted). Workshop and Conference Amane M. and R.M. Chirwa. 2004. Good production practices for quality bean seed in Mozambique. A paper presented at a seed workshop organized by Future Harvest centers (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT and IITA) and the SADC Seed Security Network, for stakeholders in community-based seed production of OPV and self-pollinated crops, held in Maputo, Mozambique, September 2004. Blair, M.W., G. Iriarte. 2003. Ampliación de la base genética del fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivado. 1o Congreso Venezolano de Mejoramiento Genético y Biotecnología Agrícola. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. October, 15-17, 2003. Blair, M.W., F. Pedraza, H.F. Buendia, E. Gaitán-Solís, S, Beebe, P. Gepts, J. Tohme. 2003. Development of a genome-wide anchored microsatellite map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Paper presented at Bean Improvement Cooperative Meeting, Sacramento, California. October 26-30, 2003. Blair, M.W. 2003. Options for increasing iron content in bean: USAID funded Bean Biofortification Project and CGIAR HarvestPlus Challenge Program. 3rd Annual Conference: USAID-African Partnership in Biotechnology. Ibadan, Nigeria. November 17-19, 2003. Blair, M.W., J. Tomkins. 2004. Bean genomics. SLO / USAID linkage program conference. Davis, California, USA. June 8-10, 2004. 328 Bueno, J. M., C. Cardona, P. Chacón. 2004. Fenología, desarrollo de métodos de muestreo y distribución espacial de Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) en habichuela y fríjol. p. 29 In: Resúmenes XXXI Congreso Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología, Bogotá, Julio 28-30, 2004. Buruchara, R., R. Otsyula, P Kimani and F. Opio. 2004. Resistance in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Pythium root rot caused by Pythium spp. South African Plant Breeding Workshop, 17-18 March 2004, Durban, South Africa. Cardona, C. 2004. Tendencias actuales y futuras en el manejo de insectos plaga de importancia agrícola. pp. 38-44 In: Memorias I Seminario Internacional y II Nacional de Control Biológico de Plagas y Enfermedades de los Cultivos. Abril, 2004. Escuela Politécnica del Ejército, Quito, Ecuador. Grusak, M.A., C.L. Burgetti, S.J.B. Knewtson, A.F. Lopéz-Milláni, D.R. Ellisi, C.M. Li, V.M. Musetti, M.W. Blair. 2004. Novel approaches to improve legume seed mineral nutrition. Presented paper AEP/ICLGGII. Henríquez, M.A., G. Mahuku, M. Navia. 2004. Cebadores específicos para la detección y diferenciación de Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli y Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli var fuscans en el fríjol común. . XXV Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Fitopatología y Ciencias afines (ASCOLFI), Agosto 11-13 de 2004, CIAT, Palmira. Hernandez, G, M. Ramírez, M.W. Blair, M. Lara, L. Blanco, M. Muñoz, S, Barazesh, E. Verdoorn, M. Graham, C.P. Vance. 2003. Comparative analysis of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodule, root, pod and leaf expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries: a platform for “Phaseomics” research. Presented paper AEP/ICLGGII. Jara, C., G. Castellanos, J.B. Cuasquer, G. Mahuku. 2004. Determinación de la variabilidad patogénica en diferentes cepas de Xanthomonas capestris pv. phaseoli y Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli var fuscans en 56 genotipos de fríjol común. XXV Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Fitopatología y Ciencias afines (ASCOLFI) , Agosto 11-13 de 2004, CIAT, Palmira. Kimani, P., L. Lubanga, G. Rachier, V. Ruganzu, A. Namayanja. S. Beebe and I. Rao. 2004. Screening and participatory evaluation of germplasm for aluminium resistance in low fertility acid soils in East and Central Africa. Acid Soils Workshop, 25-27 February, 2004, CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Kimani, P.M., M. Pyndji., R. Chirwa, J.C. Rubyogo and R. Buruchara 2004. A strategy for creating wider impact for bean in Africa. National Bean Workshop, 25-29 May 2004, Nakuru, Kenya. Kimani, P.M. 2004. Creating wider impact for bean in Africa: Case study of Kenya. National Bean Workshop, 25-29 May 2004, Nakuru, Kenya. 329 Kimani, P.M. 2004. Rationale for working with farmers. Participatory breeding workshop, 17-25 May 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Pan African Bean Research Alliance, Kampala, Uganda. Kimani, P.M. 2004. Analysis of quantitative data in participatory breeding experiments. Participatory breeding workshop, 17-25 May 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Pan African Bean Research Alliance, Kampala, Uganda. Kimani, P.M. 2004. Germplasm issues in participatory bean breeding in Africa. Participatory breeding workshop, 17-25 May 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Pan African Bean Research Alliance, Kampala, Uganda. Kimani, P.M. 2004. New orientation of the East and Central Africa bean research network breeding program. Participatory breeding workshop, 17-25 May 2004, Kakamega, Kenya. Pan African Bean Research Alliance, Kampala, Uganda. Lubanga, L., P.M. Kimani, G. Rachier and V. Ruganza. 2004. Progress in bean improvement for low soil fertility in Africa. Acid Soils Workshop, 25-27 February, 2004, CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Madata C. and R.M. Chirwa. 2004. Good production practices for quality bean seed in Tanzania. A Paper presented at a Seed Workshop organized by Future Harvest centers (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT and IITA) and the SADC Seed Security Network, for stakeholders in community-based seed production of OPV and self-pollinated crops, held in Arusha, Tanzania April 2004. Montoya, C., G. Mahuku, M.A. Henríquez, C. Jara. 2004. Identificación de marcadores moleculares ligados a genes de resistencia a mancha angular de fríjol. . XXV Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Fitopatología y Ciencias afines (ASCOLFI), Agosto 11-13 de 2004, CIAT, Palmira. Muthoni, R. 2004. Development of the PABRA performance framework. Presentations at the ECABREN, Steering Committee Meeting, 14th April 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. Muthoni, R. 2004. Establishing the PABRA monitoring and evaluation framework. 2003 – 2008. Paper presented to the PABRA Steering Committee in Beline,Mozambique. Muthoni, R. 2004. Establishing the PABRA performance framework. Presentations at the PABRA SC Meeting. 20th May 2004, Beline, Mozambique. Muthoni R, and R. Buruchara. Establishing participatory monitoring and evaluation in PABRA. 3rd June 2004, Jinja, Uganda. Muthoni.R and S. Kaaria. 2004. Establishing participatory monitoring and evaluation in NARs. Presentation during the launching PM&E for R&D in Tanzania, 7th May. 2004, Arusha, Tanzania. 330 Navia, M., G. Mahuku, J.A. Arroyave. 2004. Evaluación del proceso de infección de Phaeoisariopsis griseola en interacciones compartibles e incompatibles con el fríjol común, Phaseolus vulgaris. XXV Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Fitopatología y Ciencias afines (ASCOLFI) , Agosto 11-13 de 2004, CIAT, Palmira. Ortiz, R. and R. Buruchara. 2004. The role of agricultural biotechnology in crop production and improvement in the developing world. 2004. Workshop on capacity building in agricultural biotechnology for improved productivity and livelihoods in Ethiopia. July 5–8 Addis, Ethiopia. Pyndji, M.M. 2003. Report on ECABREN priority setting process. Presented to ASARECA 27th CD meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 16-18 October. Pyndji, M.M. 2004. ECABREN conceptual framework. Presented at the Regional Planning & Steering Committee meetings. Nairobi, Kenya, April 13-17. Pyndji, M.M. 2004. ECABREN conceptual framework in relation with PABRA framework. Presented to Participatory M&E systems workshop at Selian ARI, Arusha, Tanzania. Pyndji, M.M. 2004. ECABREN Annual progress report. Presented to the PABRA Steering Committee held in Bilene, Mozambique, May 19-21 Pyndji, M.M. 2004. ECABREN and suggested topics for competitive grant system. Presented at ASARECA-CGS Inception Call Planning and Writing Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya. Rubyogo, J.C. and R.M. Chirwa. 2004. Business skill development for small-scale seed producers with reference to decentralized bean seed business enterprise. A paper presented at a Seed Workshop organized by Future Harvest Center (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRSISAT and IITA) and the SADC Seed Security Network for stakeholders in community based seed production of improved open pollinated varieties held in Arusha, Tanzania. April 2004. Rubyogo, J.C. and R.M. Chirwa. 2004. Business skill development for small-scale seed producers with reference to decentralized bean seed business enterprise. A paper presented at a Seed Workshop organized by Future Harvest Center (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRSISAT and IIITA) and the SADC Seed Security Network for stakeholders in community based seed production of improved open pollinated varieties held in Maputo Mozambique September 2004 Rubyogo, J.C., T. Remington, and R. Jones. 2004. Seed systems for reaching a broad range of users, quickly and efficiently. A paper presented at a workshop organized by HarvestPlus Challenge Programme of Future HarvestPlus Centre for stakeholders interested in engaging and reaching end –users more efficiently. W/shop held at IPGRI Headquarters Rome, May 2004. 331 Rubyogo, J.C. 2004. Decentralized seed systems: required support services and opportunities in Africa. Presentation made at workshops organized by seed sector stakeholders in PABRA countries: Kenya- Nakuru (28-30/5/04), Rwanda –Kigali (12/6/04), Ethiopia-Melkassa (9- 10/6/04), Northern Tanzania –Arusha (17/08/04), Swaziland –Melkerns (6/10/04) and Lesotho –Maseru (8/10/04). Sperling, L. 2004. Germplasm restoration in Rwanda? Analysis and Lessons Learned. Presentation at the Workshop “Seed Aid and Germplasm Restoration in Disaster Situations: Synthesis of Lessons Learned and Promotion of More Effective Practices” Sperling, L. 2004. Germplasm restoration(?) in the Cagayan Valley, the Phillipines: IRRI/PhilRice. Presentation at the Workshop “Seed Aid and Germplasm Restoration in Disaster Situations: Synthesis of Lessons Learned and Promotion of More Effective Practices” Sperling, L. 2004. Cassava Mosaic Disease and Seed Aid: NARO/Uganda. Presentation at the Workshop “Seed Aid and Germplasm Restoration in Disaster Situations: Synthesis of Lessons Learned and Promotion of More Effective Practices” Sperling, L. 2004. Seed aid: lessons in the making. Presentation at the Workshop “Bridging the gap between relief and development: Best practices in seed stress situations” Sperling, L. 2004. Assessment of seed system and seed needs in emergencies. Presentation at the Workshop “Bridging the gap between relief and development: Best practices in seed stress situations” Proceedings, Posters, Abstracts and Others Amede, T., P. Kimani, W.Ronno, L. Lubanga and N. Mbikayi. 2004. Coping with drought: Strategies to improve genetic adaptation of common bean in drought prone areas of Africa. CIAT Occasional Publication Series No. 38. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Asrat, A. and R. Buruchara. 2004. Climbing beans: Another opportunity for Ethiopia. Poster. Blair, M.W., H.F. Buendia, M. Castaño, G.E. Santana, F. Morales. 2004. Adaptation and use of SCAR markers for BCNMV resistance (bc-3 and dominant I genes) in an Andean bean breeding program. Poster presented at the South African Plant Breeding Conference, Durban, South Africa. March 14-18, 2004. Blair, M.W. 2004. Progress in genetic mapping of microsatellite markers for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Abstract presented at Phaseomics III, Geneva, Switzerland. June 13-15, 2004. 332 Broughton, W.J., Y.Y. Aung, M.W. Blair, G. Hernandez, C.E. Pankhurst. 2004. Variation in Rhizobium host-specificity in various Phaseolus accessions. Abstract presented at Phaseomics III, Geneva, Switzerland. June 13-15, 2004. Buruchara, R. 2004. Bean root rot damage (in English, Rukiga, & Rufumbira). Buruchara, R.A., R.A. Kirkby, H. Gridley and P.M. Kimani. 2004. Decentralized and participatory breeding strategies for bean in Africa: Evolution and potential. In: Sperling, L, J. Lancon and M. Loosevelt (eds.). Participatory Plant Breeding and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement. An Africa-wide exchange of experiences. WARDA/CIRAD/PRGA. CGIAR Program for Participatory Research and Gender Analysis, Cali, Colombia Kimani, P.M., H.Gridley, R. Buruchara and R. Kirkby. 2004. Decentralized and participatory breeding strategy for beans in Africa: its role and potential for institutionalization. In: Sperling, L, J. Lancon and M. Loosevelt (Eds). Participatory Plant Breeding and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement. An Africa-wide Exchange of Experiences. WARDA/CIRAD/ PRGA. CGIAR Program for Participatory Research and Gender Analysis, Cali, Colombia. Michelsen, H., A. Mbabu, B. Lemega, I. Minde, P. Mukishi, S. Ferris, D. Mukhebi, C. Ngichabe, B.W. Khizzah. 2004. Priority setting within networks: Experiences from East and Central Africa. ISNAR Briefing Paper 72. 12 pp. Pankhurst, C.E., M.W. Blair, W.J. Broughton. 2004. TILLING in beans. Abstract presented at Phaseomics III, Geneva, Switzerland. June 13-15, 2004. Ramirez M, G. Hernandez, M.W. Blair, M. Lara, L. Blanco, M. Muñoz, S. Barazesh, E. Verdoorn, M. Graham, C.P. Vance. 2004. Comparative analyses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) expressed sequence tag libraries. Abstract presented at Phaseomics III, Geneva, Switzerland. June 13-15, 2004. Rangel, A. F., M. Mobin, I. M. Rao and W. Horst. 2004. Aluminum-induced callose formation is not a suitable parameter for assessing genotypic differences in aluminum resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (PSILPH) held in Sendai, Japan from 31 July to 5 August, 2004. Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sendai, Japan, pp. 264-265. Rao, I. M., S. Beebe, J. Ricaurte, H. Teran and S. Singh. 2004. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes tolerant to aluminum-toxic soils in the tropics. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (PSILPH) held in Sendai, Japan from 31 July to 5 August, 2004. Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sendai, Japan, pp. 272-273. Sperling, L., J. Lancon, and M, Loosvelt. 2004. Participatory Plant Breeding and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement. An Africa-wide exchange of experiences (Sélection participative et gestion participative des ressources génétiques en Afrique: Échange 333 d’expériences ). Proceedings of a workshop held on M’Be, Ivory Coast. May 7-10, 2001. Cali Colombia: PRGA (425 pages). Sperling, L, T. Osborn and D. Cooper. 2004. Toward more effective and sustainable seed relief. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (130 pages). Sperling, L. 2004. “En cas de catastrophe, les semences locales sont disponibles, mais souvent inaccessibles”. La Revue Durable, 12: Septembre-Octobre 2004. 26-27 (written anonymously). Rubyogo, J.C., L. Sperling and T. Remington. 2004. Seed Systems and Seed Relief: an Annotated Bibliography. Rubyogo, J.C. 2004. Ethiopian partnership for improving farmers’ access to quality seed of preferred new varieties of bean. Teshale A. and R. Buruchara. 2004. New bean varieties for Ethiopia. Extension Bulletins & Brochures Buruchara, R.A. and E. Minja. 2004. Scaling-up of bean integrated pest and disease management technologies. Minja, E.M., H.A. Mziray, and S.P. Kasanbaka. 2004. Report on field day for IPDM farmer groups in Shari Village, Hai District, Northern Tanzania, March 2004, CIAT, Arusha, Tanzania, 13pp. [English] [Booklet for distribution to Village Information Centres in bean growing areas in eastern, central and southern Africa]. Minja, E.M., C.S. Madata, E. Ulicky, D. Kabungo, W, Mushobozi, N. Lyimo, A, Temu, A. Mbwaga, and H.A. Mziray. 2004. Report on visit by CPP programme managers to bean IPDM project sites in Tanzania, March 2004, CIAT Arusha, Tanzania, 53pp. [English] [Booklet for distribution to Village Information Centres in bean growing areas in eastern, central and southern Africa]. Minja, E.M., F. Opio, M. Ugen, and H.A Mziray. 2004. Visit by NARO and CIAT scientists to Bushenyi and Kabale bean IPDM sites in western and south western Uganda. June 2004, CIAT Arusha, Tanzania, 24pp. [English] [Booklet for distribution to Village Information Centres in bean growing areas in eastern, central and southern Africa]. Mukishi, P. 2004. Panda mbegu bora (1000 copies printed and distributed). Climbing bean posters (50 copies printed and distributed). Mukishi, P. 2004. Bean dishes (English & Swahili), Tanzania (2010 copies printed and distributed). 334 Mukishi, P. 2004. Mapishi mbali mbali ya maharage, Tanzania (2138 copies printed and distributed). Mukishi, P. 2004. Kilimo bora cha maharage kamba, Tanzania (1910 copies printed and distributed). Mukishi, P. 2004. La culture du haricot volubile sous-bananeraie, DR Congo (1000 copies printed and distributed). Mukishi, P. 2004. Kilimo bora cha maharage, Tanzania (1156 copies printed and distributed). Mviha, P., N. Sangole, L. Soko, H. Chidaya, H. Mlenga, E. Minja, H. Mziray, and E. Ngallo. 2004. Report on visit by Kasungu farmers to Bembeke EPA in Dedza district. Malawi, 17 p. [English] [Booklet for distribution to Village Information Centres in bean growing areas in eastern, central and southern Africa]. Mviha, P., H. Mlenga, B. Chibambo, E. Minja, and H. Mziray. 2003. Report on Bembeke bean IPDM stakeholders’ Workshop, November 2003, Dedza, Malawi, 22 p. [English] [Booklet for distribution to Village Information Centres in bean growing areas in eastern, central and southern Africa]. Editorial contributions Mahuku, G. Reviewer for Agronomy Journal and European journal of Plant Pathology. Minja, E.M. Editor for booklets distributed to Village Information Centres in bean growing areas in eastern, central and southern Africa. Pyndji, M. Review and editing of promotional materials: brochures, leaflets and catalogue from Tanzania and RD Congo. Sperling, L. Editor for Proceedings of a workshop held on M’Be, Ivory Coast and for a paper for Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 335 Donors Belgium: Belgian Administration for Development Cooperation (BADC) European Commission (EC) Canada: Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) International Development Research Center (IDRC) Chile: Universidad de Chile Colombia: CORPOICA/Ministerio de Agricultura (MAG) CORPOICA/COLCIENCIAS Universidad Nacional de Colombia ECOFONDO Denmark: Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) Germany: Bundes Ministerium Für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Israel: The Volcani Center Peru: Government of Peru (Ministry of Agriculture) Instituto Peruano de Leguminosas de Grano, IPL Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zentrum – Zentrum für Internationale Landwirtshaft (ETHZ-ZIL) Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) United Kingdom: Department for International Development (DFID) USA Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA) Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Fondo Regional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (FONTAGRO) Gates Foundation Rockefeller Foundation United States Agency for International Development (USAID) World Bank 336 Contracts BID/IICA Project approved by FONTAGRO CORPOICA, C.I. La Selva, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. COSUDE-PROMPEX CIAT Bean Project, Peru. COSUDE-PRONALAG Technical Assistance, Bolivia. FIDAR INIAP - CORPOINIAP, Ecuador. Ministerio de Agricultura - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria (INIA), Peru. UDENAR - Universidad de Nariño, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pasto, Colombia. Universidad Nacional de Colombia Partners Collaborating with Headquarters Ing. Oscar Vizgarra, EEA “Obispo Colombres”, Tucumán, Argentina. Dr. Teresa Fowles, University of Adelaide, Australia. Dr. Robin Graham, University of Adelaide, Australia. Dr. Alain Goossens, University of Gent, Belgium. Dr. Carla Snoeck, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Ellen Luyten, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Jean-Pierre Busogoro, Agricultural University of Gembloux, Belgium. Dr. Jozef Vanderleyden, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Roseline Remans, Centrum voor Microbiele, Belgium. Ing. Hernán Campos, CIF “La Violeta”, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Ing. Ruddy Meneses Arce, CIF “La Violeta”, Cochabamba, Bolivia Ing. Juan Ortubé, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrícolas “El Vallecito”, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ing. Carlos Rivadeneira, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ing. Tito Anzoategui, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrícolas “El Vallecito”, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ing. Teresa Avila, Centro Fitoecogenetico Pariumani, Bolivia. Dr. Gonzalo Avila, Centro Fitoecogenetico Pariumani, Bolivia. Dr. Maria Jose. Peloso, EMBRAPA-Centro Nacional de Pequisa Arroz e Feijao, Brazil Dr. Rosana Brondani, EMBRAPA-Centro Nacional de Pequisa Arroz e Feijao, Brazil Dr. Murillo Lobo Junior, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Brazil. Dr. Patrice Dion, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Dr. Andre Levesque, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Art Schaafsma, University of Guelph, Canada. Prof. Manuel Pinto, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. Dr. Shumin Wang, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Dr. Ana Julia Colmenares Dulcey, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia Dr. Beatriz Gracian, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Dr. Cecilia de la Plata, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Dr. Alberto Pradilla, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Dr. Oscar Checa, University of Nariño, Pasto, Colombia. Dr. Pascal Leterme, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. Dr. Gustavo Ligarreto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. Dr. Aristóbulo López, CORPOICA, Tibaitatá, Colombia. Ing. José Restrepo, FIDAR - Cali, Colombia. Dr. Mario Lobo, CORPOICA, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. Blga. Gloria Esperanza Santana, CORPOICA, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. Ing. Carlos Manuel Araya, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica. Dr. Helga Blanco Metzler, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 337 Ing. Juan Carlos Hernández, MAG, Costa Rica Ing. Rodolfo Araya, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Ing. Benito Faure, EE “Liliana Dimitrova”, Ministry of Agriculture, La Habana, Cuba. Ing. Juan German Hernandez, EE “La Renee”, Instituto de Suelos, MINAG, Quivican, Cuba. Ing. Orlando Chaveco, ETIAH, Holguín, Cuba. Ing. Julio César Nin, SEA-CIAS, San Juan de la Maguana, Dominican Republic. Ing. Eduardo Peralta, INIAP, Ecuador. Ing. Carlos Monar, INIAP, Ecuador. Ing. Carlos Atilio Perez, CENTA, El Salvador. Dr. Jean Jacques Drevon, INRA, Montpellier, France. Prof. E. Wellmann, University of Freiburg, Germany. Prof. Walter Horst, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. Ing. Julio César Villatoro, ICTA, Guatemala, Guatemala. Dr. Guillermo Galvez, Project Haiti-CIAT. Ing. Mousson Finnegan, ORE, Camp Perrin, Haiti. Ing. Eliassaint Magloire, ORE, Camp Perrin, Haiti. Ing. Levael Eugene, USAID-PADF Project, Haiti. Ing. Emmanuel H. Prophète, CRDA, Ministry of Agriculture, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Ing. Danilo Escoto, DICTA, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Dr. Juan Carlos Rosas, EAP (Zamorano), Honduras. Dr. Moshe Lapidot, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. Dr. Jorge Acosta, INIFAP, Texcoco, Edo. Mexico, México. Ing. Javier Cumpian Gutierrez, Veracruz, México. Dr. Raul Diaz Plazas, INIFAP, Mérida, Yucatán, México. Dr. Ramón Garza, INIFAP, Texcoco, México. Ing. Ernesto Lopez, INIFAP, Veracruz, México. Dr. Gina Hernández, Universidad Autónoma de México, México. Dr. María Esperanza Martínez, UNAM, México. Ing. Aurelio Llano, INTA/CNIA, Managua, Nicaragua. Ing. Dionisio Saenz, INPRHU, Nicaragua. Ing. MSc. Julio Molina, INTA, Estelí, Nicaragua. Ing. Norman Alfaro Castellón, CIPRES, Nicaragua. Ing. Rodolfo Valdivia, INTA, Nicaragua. Prof. Bal Ram Singh, Agric. Univ. of Norway, Aas, Norway. Ing. Edwin Lorenzo, IDIAP, David, Chiriquí, Panama. Ing. Angel Valladolid, INIA, Lima, Peru. Ing. Mirihan Gamarra, INIA, Lima, Peru. Dr. James Beaver, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Dr. Deidre Fourie, ARC-Grain Crops Research Institute, South Africa. Dr. Bill Broughton, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Clive E. Pankhurst, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Prof. Silvia Dorn, ETH University Zurich, Switzerland. Dr. Emmanuel Frossard, ETH University Zurich, Switzerland. Dr. Astrid Oberson, ETH University Zurich, Switzerland. Eng. Joseph Ndunguru, Plant Protection Division, Tanzania. Dr. Howarth Bouis, HarvestPlus, IFPRI, Washington D.C. Dr. Penelope Nestel, Harvestplus, Wageningen, The Netherlands Dr Nicola Spence, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK Dr. Bonnie McClafferty, HarvestPlus, IFPRI, Washington D.C., USA Dr Ross Welch, USDA, Cornell University campus, USA Dr Ray Glahn, USDA, Cornell University campus, USA 338 Dr. Theresa Fulton, Cornell University, USA Dr. Steve Kresovich, Cornell University, USA Dr. Peter Graham, University of Minnesota, USA. Dr. James D. Kelly, Michigan State University, USA. Dr. Jonathan Lynch, Pennsylvania State University, USA. Dr. Rod Wing, Clemson University, USA. Dr. Jeff Tomkins, Clemson University Genomics Institute, USA. Ing. María Elena Morros, INIA, Estado de Lara, Venezuela. Institutional Partners in Africa: National Research and Extension Programs: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan, Madagascar, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Leshoto, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Swaziland, Angola, Zambia. Universities: University of Malawi (Bunda College of Agriculture), University of Nairobi, Makerere University, Moi University, University of Alemaya, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), University of Swaziland, University of Zimbabwe. NGO: World Vision International -WVI (DRC, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Angola, Rwanda, Uganda); Concern Universal –CU (Malawi); Plan International, (Malawi, Zambia); Harvest Help (Malawi, Zambia); CARE International (Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda); Concern World Wide (Malawi, Mozambique); Canadian Physician for Relief and Development (CPAR), Malawi; Small Holding Coffee Trust Funds, Malawi; Lutheran World Foundation (Zambia); Participatory Ecological Land Use and Management (PELUM), Lesotho; US Canada (Lesotho); Catholic Relief Services, Resource, Farm-Africa, Tanzania; Save the Children, Action Aid, Adventist Development and Relief Agency –ADRA (Tanzania); Agric. Development Trusts in Mbeya, Tanzania; PLAN International, Malawi;Lay Volunteers International Agency and Christian Council of Tanzania; Rural Farm Alternative Organization, Kenya; National Seed Company (DRC); Association des Producterus de Semences de Katanga (APSK), (DRC); PRODEL (DRC); Mbozi, Ileje and Isangati Consortium/foundation (MIICO), Southern Tanzania; VECO ( Tanzania); Zimbabwe Farmers’ Union (Zimbabwe). Africare (Uganda), CARE (Uganda, Rwanda). CBOs: in more than 14 countries. Regional Institutions: ASARECA, Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR), CORAF. Private Sector: Pristine Seeds and Progeny Seeds (Zimbabwe); PANNAR (South Africa), Horemans Seed Companies (Zambia) and Umlimi Lokhomile Seed Co (Swaziland), Lagrotech Seed Co (Kenya), CTHA (Madagascar), Dodoma Transport Agency Ltd-Masware Farm Seed Co (Tanzania). Europe Institutions: Horticultural Research International (HRI)(UK), NRI (UK), Central Science Laboratory (UK), Agri-Food and Food Canada (Canada). Other CGIAR centers and programs: AHI, ICRISAT, IPGRI, WARDA, IRRI, CIMMYT. Others: The MEDIAE Company, Tanzania, FAIDA-MALI, Tanzania, Himo Environment Management Trust (HEM), Tanzania. 339 List of NARS and Collaborating Partners in Africa Salvador Miguel, Instituto de Investigacao Agronomica, Luanda, Angola Lubobo Kanyenga, INERA/Station de Kipopo, D.R. Congo Simon Moima, Agricultural Research Department, Lesotho Charles Kapapa, Chitedze Research Station, Malawi Manuel Amane, INIA, Maputo, Mozambique Andries Liebenberg, ARC Grain Crops Institute, South Africa Zodwa Mamba, Malkerns Research Station, Swaziland Catherine Madata, Agricultural Research Institute, Tanzania Kennedy Muimui, Misamfu Regional Research Centre, Zambia Godwil Makunde, Crop Breeding Institute, Zimbabwe David Karanja, KARI, Machakos, Kenya Michael Ugen, NAARI, NARO, Namalonge Festus Ngulu, SARI, Arusha, Tanzania Mbikayi, Nkoko, INERA, PNL, Mulungu, DRC Lunze Lubanga, INERA, PNL, Mulungu, DRC Dismas Nsengiyumva, ISABU, Bujumbura, Burundi Teshale Assefa, EARO-NARC, Melkassa, Ethiopia Herimihamina Andriamazaoro, DRA, FOFIFA, Madagascar Augustin Musoni, ISAR, Rubona, Butare, Rwanda Elsadig S. Mohamed, Wad Medani, Sudan 340 Project Staff List Senior staff Beebe, Stephen, PhD, Breeder, Geneticist, Bean Project Manager Blair, Matthew, PhD, Germplasm Characterization Specialist/Bean Breeder Buruchara, Robin, PhD, Plant Pathologist/PABRA Coordinator (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Cardona, César, PhD, Entomologist Chirwa, Rowland, PhD, Plant Breeder/SABRN Coordinator (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Kimani, Paul, PhD, Plant Breeder for ECABREN (University of Nairobi/CIAT) (stationed in Nairobi, Kenya) Mahuku, George, PhD, Plant Pathologist Minja, Eliaineny, PhD, IPM specialist (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) Morales, Francisco, PhD, Virologist Muthoni, Rachel, BSc, MPA, Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist, (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Pyndji, Mukishi, PhD, Plant Pathologist, ECABREN Coordinator (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) Rao, Idupulapati, PhD, Plant Nutritionist/Physiologist Rubyogo, Jean Claude, BSc., Seed System Specialist (stationed in Malawi) Sperling, Louise, PhD, Social Scientist, (stationed in Rome, Italy) Administrative staff Administrative staff gives support to all CIAT Africa staff at each location regardless of the project they belong to Amuza Babi, Driver/Mechanic (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Baguma Athanasio, Driver/Administrative Assistant (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Gamba, Abdalla, Security Guard (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) Giraldo, Isabel Cristina, Economist, Administrative Assistant, CIAT-Bean Project Manager Kauwa, Anthony, Driver/Mechanic (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Laizer, Emeseiki, Security Guard (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) Mawanda, Limani, Office Assistant (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Nassozi, Sarah, A.C.I.S., Regional Finance and Administration Officer (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Ndolwa, Miraji, Driver/mechanic (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) Ngondo, Ella, Secretary/Administrator (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Shirima, Julita, Messenger/cleaner (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) Tibalikwana, Mabel, Administrative Secretary (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Travas, Betty, Administrative Assistant (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) David M. Ndungu, Driver/Research technician (stationed in Nairobi, Kenya) Research associates and assistants Buah, Stephen, BSc, Research Assistant, Pathology/Biotechnology Lab (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Buendía, Héctor Fabio, Ing. Agr., Germplasm Characterization Lab. Bueno, Juan Miguel, Ing. Agr., Entomology Cajiao, César, Ing. Agr., Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Castaño, Mauricio, Ing. Agr., Virology Research Unit Cortés, María Luisa, Ing. Agr., MSc, Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Giraldo, Martha Cecilia, Biol., Germplasm Characterization Lab. Grajales, Miguel Angel, Agric., Tech., Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Henríquez, María Antonia, Ing. Agr., Phytopathology Jara, Carlos Eduardo, Ing. Agr., Phytopathology Kasambala, Sindi, MSc, Agric Econ., ECABREN Program assistant (stationed in Arusha, Tanzania) 341 Macharia, David R., BSc, Breeding, University of Nairobi/CIAT) (stationed in Nairobi, Kenya) Manrique, Germán, Ing. Agr., Plant Nutrition Mayanja, Stephen, BSc, Research Assistant, Biotechnology Lab. (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) *Montoya, Carmenza, Ing. Agr., Phytopathology Mukankusi, Clare, MSc, Research Assistant, Pathology (study leave in S. Africa) Muñoz, Claritza, Biol., Entomology/Germplasm Characterization Lab. Mziray, Hendry, (stationed at Arusha, Tanzania) Polanía, José Arnulfo, Ing. Agr. Plant Nutrition Ricaurte, José Jaumer, Ing. Agr. Plant Nutrition Rodríguez, Isaura, Ing. Agr., Entomology Sangole, Noel, ERI (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Ssekamatte, Allen, Bsc, Research Assistant, Biotechnology Lab. (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Suleiman, Sebuliba, Field Assistant, Breeding (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Tovar, Eduardo, Biol., Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Wagura, Joseph, Research Assistant (stationed in Nairobi, Kenya) Secretaries Arenas, Beatriz, Entomology Ngalo, Eva, (stationed at Arusha, Tanzania) Zamorano, Patricia, Breeding/Germplasm Characterization, Pathology Technicians Acam, Catherine, Dip., Research Technician, Breeding (stationed in Kampala, Uganda) Astudillo, Carolina, Germplasm Characterization Lab. Castellanos, Guillermo, Pathology Cerón, Carlos Alberto, Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Cuasquer, Juan Bosco, Pathology Díaz, Orlando, Entomology Gómez, Ivan, Germplasm Characterization Hoyos, Agobardo, Germplasm Characterization Joaqui, Orlando, Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Mwase, Archangel, Technician – Breeding (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Maseko, MacFord, Technician – Breeding (stationed in Lilongwe, Malawi) Morales, Héctor, Entomology Ortíz, Guillermo, Germplasm Characterization *Pantoja, Wilfredo, Germplasm Characterization Lab Valor, Jose Flower, Entomology Vargas, Luis Alberto, Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Zuleta, Jesús María, Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Trainees Campos, Hernan, Univ. San Simon – Cochabamba, Bolivia, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Caula, Carlos Cesar, Cuban Institute of Biotechnology, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Chaveco, Orlando, Cuban Ministry of Agriculture, in in Germplasm Charact. Lab Chirwa Rowland, Ph.D, CIAT-Malawi, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Dávila, Andrea, Biol., Centro Ficoecogenetico Pairumaní, Bolivia, in Germplasm Charact. Lab De Oliveira Borba, Tereza Cristina, Food Eng., EMBRAPA-CNPAF Univ. Federal de Goiás, Brazil, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Delgado, Kattia, Instituto Peruano de Leguminosas/PROMENESTRAS/PROMPEX, Chiclayo, Peru, in Germplasm Charact. Lab 342 Flores, Dennis, Instituto Peruano de Leguminosas/PROMENESTRAS/PROMPEX, Chiclayo, Peru, in Gemplasm Charact. Lab Frei, Andrea, ETH, Switzerland, in Germplasm Characterization Lab Garzón Gutiérrez, Luz Nayibe, Biol. Univ. Nacional de Colombia, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Iriarte, Gloria, CENICAFE, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Kimani, Paul, Ph.D, CIAT-Kenya/Univ. of Nairobi, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Muñoz, Ligia Carmenza, University of Lyon, France, in Germplasm Charact. Lab Santana, Gloria, Ing. Agr. CORPOICA-Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia, in Germplasm Charact. Lab PhD Students and MSc Thesis Bengtsson, Frida, MSc, Agricultural University of Norway Bereng, Simon, MSc, Agronomy. University of Free State, South Africa Bravo, Enrique, PhD, Universidad del Valle, Virology Bueno, Juan Miguel, MSc, Universidad del Valle, Entomology (completed) Castañeda, Diana, MSc, Universidad Nacional, Entomology (completed) Chatayika, Barthlomew Y.E., MSc. University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture Chaveco, Orlando, MSc, Ministerio de Agricultura, Cuba Checa, Oscar, PhD, Univ. Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Germplasm Character. Lab (completed) Díaz, Juan Manuel, MSc, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Germplasm Character. Lab Díaz, Lucy Milena, MSc, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Germplasm Character. Lab Frei, Andrea, PhD, ETH, Switzerland, Entomology (completed) Gichuru, Virginia, PhD, Makerere University, Uganda Henríquez, Maria Antonia, MSc, Univ. Nacional, Phytopathology Jennifer Joy West, MSc, Agricultural University of Norway Kananji, Geoffrey, PhD, Plant Breeding, Univ. of Natal, South Africa Kibyego, Michael, MSc Agric. Marketing, Moi University Komba, Sophia, MSc, IPDM in Hai district, northern Tanzania Korir, Mark, MSc Agric Marketing, Moi University Lunjalu, J.O., MSc, University of Nairobi, Kenya Macharia, David R., MSc, University of Nairobi, Kenya Mauyo, Lianda, MSc Agric Marketing, Moi University (completed) Muimui, Kennedy MSc Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Nairobi, Kenya (completed) Mukalazi, Julius, PhD, Makerere University, Uganda (completed) Mukankuzi, Claire, PhD, Breeding / Pathology University of Natal, South Africa Musoni, Augustine, MSc Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Nairobi, Kenya Namayanja, Annet, MSc Plant Breeding, Makerere University, Uganda (completed) Ngongo Mulangwa, MSc, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques, Yangambi, DR Congo Ochoa, Ivan, PhD, Pennsylvania State University, USA, Germplasm Characterization Lab Ocimati, Walter, MSc, Makerere University, Uganda Otsyula, Reuben, PhD, Plant Breeding, Makerere University, Uganda Pantoja, Wilfredo, MSc, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Germplasm Charact. Lab Tusiimi, Geoffrey, PhD, Makerere University, Uganda (completed) Vélez, León Darío, MSc, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Germplasm Charact. Lab Vizgarra, Oscar, PhD, Universidad de Tucumán, Argentina, Mesoamerican Bean Genetics Zulu, Mathias, MSc, Plant Breeding, University of Zambia Pregraduate Thesis Students Caldas, Gina, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, Germplasm Charact. Lab (completed) Cortés Lorena, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, Phytopathology 343 López, Yenni Lorena, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Plant Nutrition Lozano, Henry, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Germplasm Charact. Lab (completed) Montenegro, María Fernanda, Universidad Nacional, Palmira, Colombia, Entomology (completed) Navia, Mónica, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, Phytopathology (completed) Prieto, Sergio, Univ. Nacional Palmira, Colombia, Entomol. and Germplasm Charact. Lab (completed) Rodríguez, Lina María, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Germplasm Charact. Lab Valencia, Sandra Jimena, Universidad Nacional Palmira, Colombia, Entomology Practical Training Guerrero, Alberto Fabio, Universidad Javeriana, Colombia, Beangenes and Oracle Databases in Andean Bean Genetics. *Left in 2004 344 Acronyms and Abbreviations used ACTA Asociación Colombiana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AFLP Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism AHI African Highlands Ecoregional Programme (led by ICRAF) ARC/GCRI Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Research Institute, South Africa ASA American Society of Agronomy ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa ATDT Agricultural Technology Development and Transfer Project AU Alemaya University, Etiopía BGMV Bean Golden Mosaic Virus BGYMV Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus CARE (International NGO in Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda) CBOs Community Based Organizations CG Consultative Group CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CGS Competitive Grant System CIAL Comité de Investigación Agrícola Local CIAT Center for International Tropical Agriculture CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CIPRES Centro de Investigación y Promoción de Desarrollo Rural y Social CMAD Community Mobilization Against Desertification COLCIENCIAS Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco José de Caldas” CORAF/ WECARD Conférence des Responsables de Recherche Agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre/West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development CORFOCIAL Corporación para el Fomento de los Comités de Investigación Agrícola Local CORPOICA Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria COSUDE Cooperación Suiza para el Desarrollo CRSP Collaborative Research Support Project CRS Catholic Relief Services CSSA Crop Science Society of America CU Concern Universal, Malawi DANIDA The Danish Agency for Development Assistance DAO District Agricultural Office DARTS Department of Agricultural Research and Technical Services, MoA, Malawi DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DR Congo Democratic Republic of Congo 345 DRD Directorate of Research and Development EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization ECA East and Central Africa ECABREN Eastern and Central Africa Bean Research Network EEA Estación Experimental Agrícola EMBRAPA Empresa Brasilera de Pesquisa Agropecuaria ESA East and Southern Africa ETIAH Estación Territorial de Investigaciones Agropecuarias de Holguín FA Farm Africa FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FENALCE Federación Nacional de cultivadores de Cereales FIDAR Fundación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Agrícola FONTAGRO Fondo Regional de Tecnología Agropecuaria FOFIFA Centre National de la Recherche Appliqué au Développement Rural, Madagascar HAAS Harbin Agricultural Academy of Sciences HEM Himo Environmental Management Trust HRI Horticultural Research Institute (UK) IACR Rothamsted (UK) IBFA Ikulwe Bean Farmers Association (Uganda) ICIPE Centre for Research in Agro-Forestry ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics IDRC International Development Research Center IITA-SARRNET International Institute for Tropical Agriculture - Southern Africa Regional Root Crops Research Network INERA Institut National des Etudes sur la Recherche Agronomique, DR Congo INIA Instituto Natiocional de Investigacao Agronomica (Mozambique) INM Intergrated Nutrient Management INRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomique INTA Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia en Tecnología Agropecuaria, Costa Rica INPRHU Instituto de Promoción Humana IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute IPM Integrated Pest Management IPRA Investigación Participativa en Agricultura/ Participatory Research in Agriculture of CIAT ISAR Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda ITA Instituto Técnico Agrícola KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute MAC Medium Altitude Climbers MAFP Ministério de Agricultura, Florestas e Pescas (República Democrática de Timor-Leste) MAS Marker Assisted Selection MIP Manejo Integrado de Plagas/Integrated Pest Management MoA Ministry of Agriculture MU Makerere University, Uganda 346 NAARI Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute NARI National Agricultural Research Institute NARO National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda NARS National Agricultural Research Systems NBPGR National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources NEPAD The New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NRI Natural Resources Institute (UK) OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance OPV Open Pollinated Variety PABRA Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance PCCMCA Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano para el Mejoramiento de Cultivos Alimenticios PPB Participatory Plant Breeding PRGA Participatory Research and Gender Analysis PROFRIZA Proyecto Regional de Frijol para la Zona Andina PROMPEX Comisión para la Promoción de Exportaciones PRONALAG Programa Nacional de Leguminosas Alimenticias REDSO/ESA Regional Economic Development Services Office for East and Southern Africa RF The Rockefeller Foundation SABRN SADC Bean Research Network SACCAR Southern African Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training SADC Southern Africa Development Council SARBEN Southern Africa Regional Bean Evaluation Nursery SARBYT Southern Africa Regional Bean Yield Trial SARI Selian Agricultural Research Institute SDC Swiss Development Cooperation SENA Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENASEM Service National des Semences SGRP Systemwide Genetic Resources Programme SSSA Seed System Security Assessment SSSN SADC Seed Security Network TSG Technical Support Group UAGRM Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno UMATA Unidad Municipal de Asistencia Técnica Agropecuaria UN United Nations USAID United States Agency for International Development VICARIBE Vivero Caribeño de grano Andino VIVA Vivero Internacional de Volubles Andinos WV World Vision 347