Statistical Brief
No. 15 December 1994
Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System
of
NIGERIA
Johannes Roseboom
Nienke M. Beintema
Philip G. Pardey
E.O. Oyedipe
ISNAR INDICATOR SERIES PROJECT: PHASE II
International Service for National Agricultural Research
with support from
the Government of Italy
and
Special Program for African Agricultural Research (SPAAR)
ISNAR INDICATOR SERIES PROJECT PHASE II
Decision making in the agricultural research policy area in either domestic, regional, or international
fora can only be aided by access to reliable and comprehensive data on these systems. It is for this
reason that ISNAR initiated its Indicator Series Project in 1986. The major objective of this project is
to collect, process, and analyze reliable and comprehensive time-series data on national agricultural
research systems (NARSs) throughout the world in order to identify and report on major trends and
emerging policy issues with regard to the development of NARSs. To this end a database has been
developed that contains time-series data on agricultural research expenditures and personnel for
more than 150 developing and developed countries. These data provide a quantitative basis for more
in-depth research policy studies by ISNAR and others.
During the first phase of the project (1986-91), the Indicator Series project team produced two major
publications published by Cambridge University Press, namely:
Pardey, P.G., and J. Roseboom. (1989) ISNAR Agricultural Research Indicator Series: A Global
Data Base on National Agricultural Research Systems, 547 pp.; and
Pardey, P.G., J. Roseboom, and J.R. Anderson, eds. (1991) Agricultural Research Policy:
International Quantitative Perspectives, 462 pp..
The first publication is a statistical reference volume that provides system-level data on agricultural
research personnel and expenditures for 154 countries. The second publication draws on the database
to report on the major policy dimensions of agricultural research, with a primary focus on
less-developed countries.
Phase II of the Indicator Series Project was initiated in 1992 and seeks to update the database and the
policy analyses that accompany it. New ISNAR survey data are being used in conjunction with a
large variety of published and “informal” reports in order to produce reliable as well as up-to-date
information and statistics about the NARSs.
The country-level data are being published in a series of NARS Statistical Briefs. These briefs
include more detailed descriptive information about the institutional structure of the NARS as well as
a more comprehensive set of statistics than were reported in the 1989 Indicator Series volume. It is
envisaged the country-level data will be assembled and analyzed in a series of regional research
reports.
These statistical briefs are not official ISNAR publications; they are not edited or reviewed by
ISNAR. The information and data presented have been collected and compiled with due care and all
reasonable efforts have been made to ensure their accuracy. Comments, corrections, and additions to
the material reported in this brief are welcomed. These briefs may be cited with due
acknowledgment.
ISNAR • P.O. Box 93375 • 2509 AJ The Hague, The Netherlands.
Tel: (31) (70) 349-6100 • Fax: (31) (70) 381-9677
Email: Internet: ISNAR@CGIAR.ORG
Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System
of
NIGERIA
Johannes Roseboom
Nienke M. Beintema
Philip G. Pardey
E.O. Oyedipe
ISNAR INDICATOR SERIES PROJECT: PHASE II
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. F.S. Idachaba for his assistance in estimating the full-time equivalent
university researchers. The authors are also grateful to Fionnuala Hawes for preparing the
graphics for this report and for general secretarial support to this project. Helpful comments and
assistance with data gathering were obtained from: Dr. S.A. Adetunji (IITA), Dr. E.A. Filani
(CRIN), Mr. G.O.B. Doala (FRIN), Prof. L.B. Olugbemi (IAR), Dr. J.A. Raji (IAR&T), Mr.
M.C. Ikwelle (LCRI), Dr. J. Arokoyo (NAERLS), Prof. L.O. Eduvie (NAPRI), Mr. M.B.
Sarumi (NCGRB), Dr. D.U. Ikejimba and Mrs. V.E.T. Ojehomon (NCRI), Dr. J.S.O. Ayeni
(NIFFR), Dr. D.O. Ataga (NIFOR), Mr. O. Adebara (NIHORT), Mr. J.G. Tobor (NIOMR), Mr.
G.A. Thompson (NITR), Dr. O.B. Arene (NRCRI), Mr. S.D. Agboola (NSPRI), Sanni A.
Omo-Ikerodah (RRIN), and Mrs. I.C. Akagu (PDI).

Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Agricultural Research Institutions 2
2.1 Historical Evolution 2
2.2 Present Structure 9
3. Statistics 9
3.1 Long-Term Development 16
3.2 Human Resources 17
3.3 Financial Resources 21
3.4 Research Focus 23
Bibliography 26
Appendix 1: Country background information 31
Appendix 2: Definitions and concepts 32
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes 34
Appendix 4: Addresses of the agricultural research institutes 43
Appendix 5: Researcher and research expenditure totals, 1961-91 46
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute, 1961-91 52
Acronyms
ARCN Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria NIFOR National Institute for Oil Palm
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Research
Agricultural Research NIHORT National Horticultural Research
CRIN Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Institute
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization NIOMR Nigerian Institute for Oceanography
FMST Federal Ministry of Science and and Marine Research
Technology NITR National Institute for
FROM Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Trypanosomiasis Research
FTE Full-Time Equivalent NSPRI National Stored Products Research
IAR Institute for Agricultural Research Institute
IAR&T Institute of Agricultural Research and NSTDA National Science and Technology
Training Development Agency
ISNAR International Service for National NRCRI National Root Crops Research
Agricultural Research Institute
KLRI Kainji Lake Research Institute NVRI National Veterinary Research
LCRI Lake Chad Research Institute Institute
LERIN Leather Research Institute of Nigeria PDI Products Development Institute
NACAR National Advisory Committee on RRIN Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria
Agricultural Research WACRI West African Cocoa Research
NCGRB National Centre for Genetic Research and Institute
Biotechnology WAFRI West African Fisheries Research
NAERLS National Agricultural Extension-Research Institute
Liaison Service WAIFOR West African Institute for Oil Palm
NAPRI National Animal Production Research Research
Institute WAIFRR West African Institute for Rice
NARS National Agricultural Research System Research
NCRI National Cereals Research Institute WAIRO West African Inter-territorial
NCST Nigerian Council for Science and Research Organization
Technology WAITR West African Institute for
NIFFR National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Trypanosomiasis Research
Research WASPRU West African Stored Products
Research Unit
1. Introduction
The primary purpose of this brief is to provide statistical and institutional details on the
development and current status of the public agricultural research system in Nigeria. This
information has been collected and presented in a systematic way in order to inform and thereby
improve research policy formulation with regard to the Nigerian NARS. Most importantly,
these data are assembled and reported in a way that makes them directly comparable with the
data presented in the other country briefs in this series. And because institutions take time to
develop and there are often considerable lags in the agricultural research process, it is necessary
for many analytical and policy purposes to have access to longer-run series of data.
NARSs vary markedly in their institutional structure and these institutional aspects can have a
substantial and direct effect on their research performance. To provide a basis for analysis and
cross-country, over-time comparisons, the various research agencies in a country have been
grouped into five general categories; government, semi-public, private, academic, and
supranational. A description of these categories is provided in table 1.
Table 1: Institutional Categories
Category Description Examples
Government Agencies directly administered by government. Research department within a ministry
Semi-public Agencies not directly controlled by government and Research institute under a commodity
with no explicit profit making objective. board
Private Agencies whose primary activity is the production of Agricultural machinery or chemical
goods and services for profit. company
Academic Agencies that combine university-level education with Faculty of agriculture
research.
Supranational Agencies whose mandate covers more than one country. CGIAR institutes
Note: Adapted from OECD (1981).
The concept of a NARS used throughout this report includes only those institutes that can be
classified as government, semi-public, and academic agencies. Where it is useful to do so,
private and supranational research agencies have been discussed, but for reasons of
comparability they are not included in the NARS data reported here. More detailed information
on the definitions and concepts used in this brief is provided in appendix 2.
Section 2 provides a brief description of the institutional development and current structure of
the NARS. Section 3 presents a statistical overview of the longer-run investment trends in
agricultural research along with a more detailed look at contemporary investment orientations.
The appendices provide further descriptive details and present the basic research personnel and
expenditure data in disaggregated fashion. For general background information and statistics on
Nigeria we refer to appendix 1.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 1
2. Agricultural Research Institutions
2.1 Historical Evolution1
Pre-independence
The establishment of a botanical garden at Lagos in 1893 is commonly regarded as the
beginning of institutionalized agricultural research in Nigeria. This garden was part of a large
network of botanical gardens located throughout the British Empire, for which Kew Gardens
near London formed the metropolitan nucleus. Initially these botanical gardens concentrated on
the introduction of exotic crops but many of them eventually evolved into research experiment
stations as we know them today.
In 1899 a model farm was set up at Moor Plantation, Ibadan, to propagate rubber trees and foster
improved production practices among those engaged in agriculture. The Empire Cotton
Growing Corporation initiated cotton research at the farm in 1905 but abandoned it five years
later when the site was found unsuitable for cotton production.
A Forestry and Botanical (later Agricultural) Department was established at Lagos in 1903.
With the break-up of the Department of Forestry and Agriculture in 1910, Moor Plantation
became the headquarters of the Department of Agriculture for southern Nigeria.
The nucleus of a Department of Agriculture for northern Nigeria was established at Samaru in
1912. Following the amalgation of northern and southern Nigeria in 1914, a new Department of
Agriculture, incorporating the northern and southern departments, was formed in 1921. By this
time agricultural research was firmly vested in the mandate of the department. The number of
agricultural specialists gradually increased as did the number of experiment stations. Research
became increasingly sophisticated and switched from merely introducing exotic crops to plant
breeding, plant pathology, and so on. Nevertheless the emphasis continued to be on the
production problems faced by those producing export crops such as cotton, cocoa, rubber, and
oil palm.
The Forestry Department and the Veterinary Department (established in 1914 at Zaria) both
began programs of research around 1920. In 1924 a small veterinary laboratory was established
at Vom for the production of rinderpest serum and other vaccines. The headquarters of the
Veterinary Department were transferred from Zaria to Vom in 1948. Fisheries research was first
initiated in 1941 with the establishment of a Fisheries Development Branch by the Department
of Agriculture.
As an outcome of the West Africa Conferences held in 1927 and 1930, the colonial government
entities throughout British West Africa instituted research on oil palm and cocoa in order that
the local production of these crops remained viable in increasingly competitive international
markets. A Cocoa Research Station was established at Tafo in Ghana in 1938 and an Oil Palm
Research Station at Benin-City in Nigeria in 1939. Both stations, however, were administered
and financed by the departments of agriculture in the respective countries.
1 The material presented in this section draws largely from Consortium of the Study of Nigerian Rural
Development (1966), Obi (1980), Idachaba (1981 and 1989), Research Institutes Review Panel (1981), Okoro
and Onuaha (1985), UNESCO (1986), Yayock (1991), Adetunji (1991), and Obeya (1992).
2 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Although some interterritorial collaboration occurred prior to World War II, it was not until the
British government assumed a more active role in the development of its colonies after the war
that some significant interterritorial research initiatives got underway. This gave rise to a
marked increase in regionally coordinated agricultural research activities. In 1944 the Cocoa
Research Station in Ghana was transformed into the West African Cocoa Research Institute
(WACRI) and opened a sub-station in Nigeria in 1952. The Oil Palm Research Station in
Nigeria assumed interterritorial status in 1951 when it was renamed the West African Institute
for Oil Palm Research (WAIFOR). Both institutes were part of the British Commonwealth West
African Interterritorial Research Organization (WAIRO), an umbrella body for the regional
research activities in British West Africa. Other regional institutes that fell under the auspices of
WAIRO were: the West African Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (WAITR), established
in 1947 and officially opened at Kaduna in Nigeria in 1951; the West African Institute for Rice
(WAIFR), established in Sierra Leone in 1954; the West African Stored Products Research Unit
(WASPRU) at Lagos, which began operations as the West African Pest Infestation Survey in
1948; and the West African Fisheries Research Institute (WAFRI) established in Sierra Leone
in 1952.
Compared with parallel developments in British East Africa, the interterritorial collaboration in
British West Africa was judged much less successful. It, in fact, collapsed immediately
following the political independence of the member states and at this time the interterritorial
institutes were all nationalized.
Post-independence
With the regionalization of the country in 1954 and the adoption of a federal system of
government for Nigeria, an agricultural research division (or section) as well as a veterinary
division were established within each regional ministry of agriculture. In the Northern Region
the agricultural research division was headquartered at Samaru, in the Eastern Region at
Umudike, and in the Western Region at Moor Plantation, Ibadan. The research facilities at Moor
Plantation were divided between the Federal Department of Agricultural Research and the
research division of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Western Region. In addition, Federal
Departments of Agricultural Research, Forestry Research, and Veterinary Research were
separated from their parent departments and initially placed under the administration of the
Federal Ministry of Research and Information. In 1960 the administrative control of these
federal research departments was transferred to the Federal Ministry of Economic
Development. The 1954 constitution placed agricultural research on the so-called “concurrent
list,”2 while most other government tasks related to agriculture were placed under the
jurisdiction of the respective regional authorities (table 2). As a consequence, no federal
ministry of agriculture existed during the period 1954-66. Few provisions were made for the
coordination of federal and regional agricultural research activities.
2 The concurrent list identified those publicly provided functions that were to be dual responsibilities of the
federal and regional governments.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 3
Table 2: Major Legislation Affecting the Nigerian Agricultural Research System
Law/Decrees Year Provision Remarks
New Constitution 1954 Transformed the country into a federation Placed agricultural research
of three regions. In addition to the federal on the concurrent list.
research departments, the regional
ministries of agriculture established their
own research units.
Political independence 1960 Led to the collapse of the
interterritorial collaboration.
Nigerian Research Institutes Act 1964 Established CRIN, NIFOR, NITR, and Followed after the dissolution
RRIN. of the West African Research
Organization in 1962.
Nigerian Council for Science 1970 Established an umbrella organization to
and Technology Decree coordinate all research in the country.
Agricultural Research Council 1971 Established ARCN to coordinate all
of Nigeria Decree agricultural research.
Agricultural Research Institutes 1973 Vested power to establish agricultural Watershed in state-federal
Decree research and training institutes in federal funding of agricultural
commissioner for agriculture as well as to research. Destroyed all
take over any existing state research initiative for states to fund
stations. agricultural research.
Research Institutes 1975 Established an additional 10 federal Clear commodity mandate for
(Establishment) Order agricultural research institutes: NCRI, each institute.
NRCRI, NIHORT, FRIN, NVRI, NAPRI,
LERIN, LCRI, KLRI, and NIOMR.
1975 Establishment of federal control over IAR, NAERLS, and IAR&T
regional universities and their agricultural are given national mandates.
research institutes.
National Science and 1977 Established an executive agency to Repealed the 1973 decree,
Technology Development coordinate all research in Nigeria. All but vested power in the
Agency Decree research institutes established by the 1964 NSTDA commissioner to
and 1975 decrees brought under the aegis take control of any existing
of the NSTDA. federal or state research
establishment.
New Constitution of the Federal 1979 Kept research on the
Republic of Nigeria concur-rent list.
Federal Ministry of Science and 1979 Scrapped NSTDA. Created FMST.
Technology Act
Federal Ministry of Education, 1984 FMST was scrapped and merged with the Military suspended
Science and Technology Decree Federal Ministry of Education. constitution.
Federal Ministry of Science and 1985 Re-established FMST.
Technology Decree
1991 Establishment of a National Advisory NACAR established with the
Committee for Agricultural Research launching of the National
within the Agricultural Science Department Agricultural Research Project
of FMST. of the World Bank.
Federal Ministry of Agriculture 1992 Agricultural research institutes transferred For a short time in between
Decree to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture the institutes were placed
(FMA) after the dissolution of FMST. under NASENI.
1993 Announcement that FMA intends to Decision has yet to be
transform NACAR into an agricultural implemented.
research council.
Source: An adapted and updated version of table 1 from Idachaba (1989).
In the aftermath of the collapse of the interterritorial research collaboration in the early 1960s,
three national research institutes emerged as semi-autonomous operations each governed by a
board and cofinanced by the federal and respective regional governments. These institutes
included CRIN (cocoa), NIFOR (oil palm), and NITR (trypanosomiasis), which were
4 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
established under the Nigerian Research Institutes Act of 1964. A fourth interterritorial
institute, WASPRU, was transformed into NSPRI (stored products) and attached to the Ministry
of Trade in 1963.
Under the Nigerian Research Institutes Act provisions were also made for the establishment of a
Rubber Research Institute that would incorporate all the rubber research being done at that time
by the regional-government research institutes. As a result of the Civil War (1966-70), this
institute did not become operational until 1971.
In addition to the ministry-based research agencies and the (semi-)autonomous research
institutes, a third organizational structure for agricultural research was introduced in 1962 with
the establishment of the Institute for Agricultural Research within the Ahmadu Bello
University. This new university, modeled after the land-grant universities in the US, was
assigned a leadership role in the agricultural knowledge system of the Northern Region and
sought to develop an integrated program of teaching, research, and extension. The Research and
Specialist Division of the Ministry of Agriculture was transferred to the university and renamed
the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR). Responsibility for extension, however, remained
with the Ministry of Agriculture. To facilitate the link between research and extension, an
Extension-Research Liaison Section was set up within the Field Services Division of the
Ministry of Agriculture.
Following the outcome of a referendum, the Western Region was partitioned into a Western
Region and a Mid-Western Region in 1963. The Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
was similarly partitioned along with the Research Division.
In 1965 the Federal Departments of Agricultural Research, Forestry Research, and Veterinary
Research were transferred to the Federal Ministry of Natural Resources and Research, which
was renamed the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources in 1966.
In 1970, the Nigerian Council for Science and Technology (NCST) was established to advise on
all aspects of science and technology, to coordinate scientific research, and to promote scientific
activities.3 In the decree establishing NCST there was also provision for the establishment of
four research councils for agriculture, medicine, industry, and natural sciences. As a result, the
Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN) was established in 1971 to advise on policies
and priorities for research and training in the agricultural sciences, to ensure implementation of
Government policies in agricultural research and training, and to fund agricultural research.
In 1968 the four regional governments were partitioned into 12 state governments. Eight years
later, in 1976, these 12 states were further subdivided into 19 states, then into 21 states in 1987,
and partitioned again into 30 states in 1991 (Europa Publications 1992). As these state
governments became increasingly fragmented, and so too their administrative responsibilities,
there were eventually moves towards consolidating the responsibility for and the execution of
agricultural research within various federal government agencies and universities. A watershed
in this process of consolidation was the enactment of the Agricultural Research Institutes
Decree in 1973, which vested all power to establish institutes and conduct research and training
in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries in the federal commissioner for agriculture (table 2). This
decree more-or-less signaled the end of state-sponsored and executed research and the
3 An earlier attempt in 1966 to establish a Nigerian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (NCSIR) did
not materialize because of the Civil War.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 5
emergence of a federally based system. In the Northern Region IAR remained within the
Ahmadu Bello University and in 1968 absorbed the Extension-Research Liaison Section of the
former Ministry of Agriculture of the Northern Region. In the Western Region the Research and
Investigation Division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources was transformed
into the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), which in 1973 was integrated
into the University of Ife. In the Eastern Region the research station and agricultural school at
Umudike were integrated into the Agricultural Research and Training Station. After the Civil
War, the station passed to the Government of East Central State which did not have the financial
resources to maintain it. The facilities were subsequently transferred to the Federal Government
in 1972, at which time it became the Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station. In
1976 the station became the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI).
In 1975, the Research Institutes Establishment Order was enacted. This Order regulated the
reorganization of all crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries research in Nigeria into 14
semi-autonomous research institutes. The Federal Departments of Agricultural Research,
Forestry Research, and Veterinary Research ceased to exist as well as the research section of the
Federal Fisheries Department. The new institutes were primarily commodity oriented. Three
focused on food crops (NCRI, NRCRI, and NIHORT); four on tree crops (CRIN, RRIN,
NIFOR, and FRIN); four on livestock (NVRI, NAPRI, NITR, and LERIN); two on fisheries and
food crops (KLRI and LCRI); and one on fisheries (NIOMR). Four of the institutes (CRIN,
NIFOR, NITR, and RRIN) had been created by the Research Institutes Act of 1964; four were
converted from federal research departments (NCRI, NRCRI, FRIN, and NVRI); three from
research units of federal departments (LERIN, LCRI, and NIOMR); two from FAO projects
(KLRI and NIHORT); and one from the research arm of a university (NAPRI). All 14 institutes
were directly placed under ARCN. IAR, NAERLS, and IAR&T were not explicitly covered by
this order as they were based in regional universities. However, these universities were
transferred to the federal government in 1975 and IAR, NAERLS, and IAR&T were
subsequently placed under ARCN and given national mandates.
In 1976, the Products Development Agency (PRODA), which had initially been established by
the now defunct East Central State Government in 1971, was taken over by the Federal
Government when the East Central State was partitioned. Consequently PRODA was
transformed into a federal institute, renamed the Products Development Institute (PDI), and
brought under the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in 1977.
Until 1991, PDI’s mandate included the development of agricultural machinery and equipment.
More recently, however, its mandate has shifted so that now it focuses nearly exclusively on
industrial products.
Although the ARCN was a semi-autonomous entity it had dual responsibilities, first to the
Federal Ministry of Agriculture for its general activities, and second to the NCST for budgeting
and coordinating research in other fields of science and technology. This situation was
considered unsatisfactory. Consequently both NCST and the research councils were abolished
in early 1977 and replaced by the National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA), which assumed full control over the national research institutes. In 1979 NSTDA
was dissolved and replaced by the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology (FMST). In that
same year the new constitution formally kept industrial and agricultural research on the
concurrent list, although in practice agricultural research was completely within the federal
domain. In 1984 FMST merged with the Federal Ministry of Education to form the Federal
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, but was reestablished as a separate entity in
1985. With the start of the World Bank’s National Agricultural Research Project in 1991, a
6 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
National Advisory Committee for Agricultural Research (NACAR) was established within the
Agricultural Sciences Department of FMST. NACAR’s mandate is to strengthen linkages
between the respective agencies involved in agricultural research, such as ministries,
universities, agricultural development projects, the private sector, and farmers, in order to
enhance the coordination and strategic planning of agricultural research activities, and advise
FMST on national priorities for agricultural research and appropriate funding for different
institutes and sectors being served by the system (World Bank 1990).
In 1992 the FMST was abolished and the supervision of the federal agricultural research
institutes was transferred from FMST to the National Agency of Science and Engineering
Infrastructure (NASENI). Shortly thereafter NASENI was also abolished and national oversight
for the agricultural research institutes passed to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, while
oversight for FIIR, LERIN (now NRICT), NSPRI, and PDI passed to the Federal Ministry of
Industry. In April 1993 the Federal Ministry of Agriculture announced that it would re-establish
a National Agricultural Research Council, thus returning the agricultural research system, in
many respects, to the institutional structure that prevailed in the 1970s. To date, however, the
council has not been established and NACAR has continued to perform many of the tasks that
are envisaged for the council. Most recently, at the beginning of 1994, the FMST was
reestablished and the research entities of the Federal Ministry of Industry as well as NCGRB
were transferred back to FMST.
Since 1975 the number of federal agricultural research institutes has changed little. In 1986 the
National Centre for Genetic Resources Research and Biotechnology (NCGRB) was formed but
its structure and mandate are still to be formalized. With the reestablishment of FMST in 1994,
NCGRB moved back to this ministry. In 1987, as a result of restructuring the mandates of KLRI
and LCRI, inland fisheries research was brought together under one institute, the National
Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR). NIFFR took over the fisheries research
activities of both KLRI and LCRI, while LCRI assumed all crop research that was previously
conducted by both institutes. With the transfer of the research institutes to the Federal Ministry
of Agriculture and the Federal Ministry of Industry in 1992, the Leather Research Institute of
Nigeria (LERIN) was transformed into the National Research Institute for Chemical
Technology (NRICT) and no longer conducts research of direct relevance to agricultural
production. In addition, PDI is no longer involved in developing new machinery and equipment
technologies for agriculture.
The Academic Sector
Academic training in Nigeria has its origin in the establishment of a University College at
Ibadan in 1948. The college had a special relationship with the University of London wherein
the University of London was the formal degree-granting body, thereby helping to ensure that
the college maintained high teaching and testing standards. Teaching in agriculture, forestry,
and veterinary sciences began in 1949. In 1962, the University College became an independent
university and was renamed the University of Ibadan. The university included a Faculty of
Agriculture and Forestry and a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Soon after independence in 1960 four new universities were established. They were the
federally sponsored University of Lagos (1962), as well as the University of Nigeria (1960),
Ahmadu Bello University (1962), and the University of Ife (1962) (renamed Obafemi Awolowo
University in 1987), which were under the administrative responsibility of the governments of
the eastern, northern, and western region, respectively. The development of the three regional
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 7
universities was supported by USAID through contracts with Michigan State University,
Kansas State University, and the University of Wisconsin. These US universities set about
promoting an integration of agricultural research, extension, and teaching within the regional
universities along the lines of the US land-grant university structure. This approach was
effectively taken up only in the Northern Region where the research division of the Ministry of
Agriculture of Northern Nigeria was transferred to the Ahmadu Bello University as the Institute
for Agricultural Research (IAR). In the other two regions the land-grant approach initially
failed. But in 1973 a more integrated approach was adopted in the former western region when
the region’s agricultural research complex at Moor Plantation, Ibadan was integrated into the
University of Ife as the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T). From their
inception all three regional universities included a faculty of agriculture, while the University of
Lagos did not. In addition, a faculty of veterinary medicine was formed at Ahmadu Bello
University in 1965 and at the University of Nigeria in 1980.
In 1972 the University of Benin was established which included a Faculty of Agriculture. This
was followed by the creation of four new universities in 1975, namely the University of Calabar,
the University of Jos, the University of Maiduguri, and the University of Sokoto (renamed
Usman Danfodiyo University in 1988). Faculties of Agriculture were established at the
Universities of Calabar, Maiduguri, and Sokoto, while the University of Maiduiguri also
established a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and a Faculty of Food Science and Technology. In
1977 the Bayero University, the University of Ilorin, and the University of Port Hartcourt were
granted full university status. Among these three universities, only the University of Ilorin has a
Faculty of Agriculture, while the University of Port Hartcourt has a small Agricultural Research
and Development Institute.
In the late 1970s, when government revenues from oil increased sharply, plans were drawn up to
create an additional seven Federal Universities of Technology in an effort to provide a modern
scientific and technical education sector to foster the country’s continued development. Three
universities (namely, Bauchi, Makurdi, and Owerri) were commissioned in 1980 and admitted
their first students in 1981. The universities in Yola and Akure were commissioned in 1981
while the remaining two universities at Abeokuta and Minna, respectively, were established in
1983. These developments at the federal level were parallelled by similar developments at the
state level. Between 1980 and 1983, eight state universities were established in Rivers State,
Anambra State, Imo State, Bendel State, Ondo State, Ogun State, Lagos State, and Cross River
State. However, the rapid proliferation of universities was not matched by the financial
resources needed to support them as oil revenues began to dwindle. As a result, in 1984, the
federal government opted to restructure four of the seven Federal Universities of Technology
into university colleges and merge them with older, existing universities. In 1988, however, the
government restored full university status to these university colleges. The colleges at Abeokuta
and Makurdi were reconstituted as Universities of Agriculture. The University of Abuja was
also created in 1988 along with the Oyo State University of Technology (recently renamed
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology).
The creation of some new states in recent years, has led to further restructuring of the state
university system. In 1991 the University of Cross River State was taken over by the federal
government and turned into the University of Uyo, while the Anambra State University of
Technology was reconstituted as the Enugu State University of Science and Technology and the
Nnamdi Azikiwe University. Most recently, the Bendel State University was split into the Edo
State University at Ekpoma and the Delta State University at Abraka. Each of these new
universities apparently took over part of the former College of Agricultural and Natural
8 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Resources within the Bendel State University. In 1993 the University of Agriculture, Umudike
was established.
Of the 19 universities established since 1980, only two do not teach agricultural or related
sciences (namely, Ondo State University and Abuja University). There are now a total of 27
universities in Nigeria that include agricultural sciences in their mandate. Of these universities,
19 are funded by the federal government and eight by state governments. The four oldest
universities (University of Ibadan, University of Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello University, and
Obafemi Awolowo University) are still considered the principal educational institutions for the
agricultural sciences in the country and are responsible for almost all the postgraduate teaching
in agriculture. The faculty at these universities spend an average of 15% to 30% of their time on
research. At the other federal universities the corresponding figure ranges between 5% to 20%,
while at the state universities the share is between 0% to 10% (Idachaba 1994).
In addition to the research conducted by the faculties, colleges, and schools of agriculture and
veterinary medicine, there are also quite a number of other faculties that conduct some research
that is of relevance to agriculture, such as faculties of sciences (e.g., biology) and faculties of
social sciences (e.g., economics, rural sociology).
2.2 Present Structure
The structure of the national agricultural research system in 1992 is given in table 3. The
government component consists of a research center and 20 institutes. The centre (NCGRB) and
16 institutes are under the jurisdiction of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. The remaining
four institutes are under the Federal Ministry of Industry. Two of them (LERIN and PDI)
eventually moved out of agriculturally related research when brought under the direction of the
Federal Ministry of Industry in 1992.
All 20 institutes have a semi-autonomous status and their own governing board. These
governing boards consist of representatives of ministries, scientists, businessmen, and
prominent farmers. Four institutes (IAR, NAPRI, NAERLS, and IAR&T) have historically
strong links with a university and are located at or near a university campus. Collaboration
between institute staff and faculty is quite common, as are joint appointments. The university is
represented on the governing board of these institutes by its vice-chancellor. The organizational
structures of the various institutes are presented in appendix 3.
The academic component of the NARS is quite large and comprises 27 universities: 19 are
funded by the federal government and eight by state governments. Most of these universities
support a faculty, college, or school of agriculture. In addition, five of the universities have a
faculty of veterinary medicine and one has a college of agricultural and veterinary sciences.
In Nigeria there are no semi-public agricultural research agencies managed and financed by
commodity boards, farmer associations, and so on. Agricultural research in Nigeria is
predominantly a federal government activity. There is only limited involvement from the state
governments in agricultural research. By contrast, extension is predominantly the domain of the
state ministries of agriculture.
3. NARS Statistics
Questionnaire responses were received from CRIN, FRIN, IAR, IAR&T, LCRI, NAERLS,
NAPRI, NCGRB, NCRI, NIFFR, NIFOR, NIHORT, NIOMR, NITR, NRCRI, NSPRI, RRIN,
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 9
10 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Table 3: Overview of Present NARS Structure, 1991/92
Executing agency Staffed Number of researchers
Institutional research
category Supervising agency Name Acronym Research focus sitesa National Expats Total FTE
Government Federal Ministry of National Institute for Oil NIFOR oil palm, coconut, raphia, 12 (5) 50 0 50 50.0
Agriculture Palm Research date, and other palms
National Institute for NITR trypanosomiasis 2 (2) 31 0 31 31.0
Trypanosomiasis Research
Cocoa Research Institute of CRIN cocoa, kola, coffee, tea, and 7 (1) 20 0 20 20.0
Nigeria cashew
National Cereals Research NCRI rice, soyabean, beniseed, 7 (5) 61 0 61 61.0
Institute sugarcane, and farming
systems
National Root Crops NRCRI yam, cassava, Irish potato, 4 (4) 42 0 42 42.0
Research Institute sweet potato, cocoyam, and
ginger
National Horticultural NIHORT fruit and vegetables 3 (3) 41 2 43 43.0
Research Institute
Rubber Research Institute RRIN rubber 3 (2) 20 0 20 20.0
of Nigeria
Forest Research Institute of FRIN forestry 10 (10) 56 0 56 56.0
Nigeria
National Veterinary NVRI animal health 13 (na) 73 0 73 73.0
Research Institute
Lake Chad Research LCRI arable crops, in particular 8 (2) 18 0 18 18.0
Institute millet, wheat, and barley
Nigerian Institute for NIOMR marine and brackish water 2 (2) 60 0 60 60.0
Oceanography and Marine fisheries
Research
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 11
Table 3: Overview of Present NARS Structure, 1991/92 (contd.)
Executing agency Staffed Number of researchers
Institutional research
category Supervising agency Name Acronym Research focus sitesa National Expats Total FTE
Government Federal Ministry of National Institute for NIFFR freshwater fisheries 5 (3) 37 0 37 37.0
Agriculture Freshwater Fisheries
Research
Institute for Agricultural IAR arable crops 4 (4) 84 5 89 89.0
Research
National Agricultural NAERLS coordination of extension 6 (6) 43 0 43 21.5
Extension-Research Liaison services nation-wide
Service
National Animal Production NAPRI livestock 4 (2) 61 1 62 62.0
Research Institute
Institute of Agricultural IAR&T maize, jute, kenaf, 6 (1) 34 0 34 34.0
Research and Training soil/fertilizer use, and
farming systems
National Centre for Genetic NCGRB germplasm preservation and 1 (1) 2 0 2 2.0
Research and biotechnology
Biotechnologyh
Federal Ministry of National Stored Products NSPRI post-harvest 6 (6) 37 0 37 37.0
Industryh Research Institute
Products Development PDI or agricultural machinery and 3 (3) 41 0 41 20.5
Institute PRODA equipment prototypes f
Federal Institute of FIIR food processing 2 (na) 69 0 69 34.5
Industrial Research
Leather Research Institute of LERIN leather f 3 (na) 17 0 17 17.0
Nigeria g
Subtotal government institutes 112 (na) 897 8 905 828.5
12 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Table 3: Overview of Present NARS Structure, 1991/92 (contd.)
Executing agency Staffed Number of researchers
Institutional research
category Supervising agency Name Acronym Research focus sitesa National Expats Total FTE
Academich University of Ibadan Faculty of Agriculture and UIFAF crops, livestock, fisheries, 1 (1) 110 5 115 17.3
Forestry forestry, wildlife
Faculty of Veterinary UIFVM animal health 1 (1) 61 0 61 9.2
Medicine
Nigerian Institute of Social UINISER socio-economics 1 (1) 91 0 91 13.7
and Economic Research
Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Agriculture ABUFA crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 8.9 0.5 9.4 1.9
economics, sociology
Faculty of Veterinary ABUFVM animal health 1 (1) 61 0 61 15.3
Medicine
Department of Agricultural ABUDAE agricultural machinery 1 (1) 15 0 15 1.5
Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering
University of Nigeria Faculty of Agriculture UNFA crops, livestock, soils 1 (1) 44 0 44 6.6
Faculty of Veterinary UNFVM animal health 1 (1) 32 1 33 8.3
Medicine
Department of Agricultural UNDAE agricultural machinery 1 (1) 6 0 6 0.6
Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering
Centre for Rural UNCRDC socio-economics 1 (1) 3 0 3 0.3
Development and
Cooperatives
Institute for Development UNIDS socio-economics 1 (1) 5 0 5 0.5
Studies
Obafemi Awolowo Faculty of Agriculture OAUFA crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 64 1 65 6.5
Universityb socio-economics
University of Benin Faculty of Agriculture UBFA crops, livestock, fisheries, 1 (1) 28 0 28 1.4
forestry
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 13
Table 3: Overview of Present NARS Structure, 1991/92 (contd.)
Executing agency Staffed Number of researchers
Institutional research
category Supervising agency Name Acronym Research focus sitesa National Expats Total FTE
Academic Usmanu Danfodiyo Faculty of Agriculture UDUFA crops, livestock, forestry, 1 (1) 32 0 32 3.2
Universityc fisheries, soils, economics
Faculty of Veterinary UDUFVS animal health 1 (1) 23 0 23 2.3
Sciences
University of Maiduiguri Faculty of Agriculture UMFA crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 48 0 48 2.4
agricultural engineering
Faculty of Veterinary UMFVM animal health 1 (1) 38 2 40 6.0
Medicine
Faculty of Food Science UMFFST food and post-harvest 1 (1) 10 0 10 0.5
and Technology technology
University of Calabar Faculty of Agriculture UCFA crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 23 0 23 2.3
economics
Institute of Oceanography UCIO oceanography 1 (1) 17 2 19 1.9
University of Ilorin Faculty of Agriculture UIFA livestock, soils, farm 1 (1) 29 0 29 5.8
management,
socio-economics
Department of Agricultural UIDAE agricultural machinery 1 (1) 8 0 8 1.6
Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering
Sugar Research Institute UISRI sugarcane 1 (1) 8 0 8 8.0
University of Port Institute of Agricultural UPH-IAR socio-economics 1 (1) 3 0 3 0.3
Harcourt Research and Development D
Federal University of School of Agriculture and FUTA-SA crops, animal health, farm 1 (1) 32 0 32 1.6
Technology, Akure Agricultural Technology AT management, agr.
machinery, forestry,
fisheries, wildlife
14 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Table 3: Overview of Present NARS Structure, 1991/92 (contd.)
Executing agency Staffed Number of researchers
Institutional research
category Supervising agency Name Acronym Research focus sitesa National Expats Total FTE
Academic Federal University of School of Agriculture and FUTM- crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 25 0 25 2.5
Technology, Minna Agricultural Technology SAAT fisheries
Federal University of School of Agriculture and FUTO- crops, livestock, economics 1 (1) 33 0 33 3.3
Technology, Owerri Agricultural Technology SAAT
Federal University of School of Agriculture and FUTY- crops, livestock, forest-ry, 1 (1) 13 0 13 0.0
Technology, Yola Agricultural Technology SAAT farm management, soils,
economics, agr. engineering
University of Agriculture, idem UAA crops, livestock 1 (1) 66 3 69 3.5
Abeokuta
University of Agriculture, idem UAM crops, livestock 1 (1) 114 0 114 14.0
Makurdi
Bendel State Universityh College of Agricultural and BSU- crops, livestock 2 (2) 70 0 70 0.5
Natural Resources CANR
Ogun State University College of Agricultural OSUCAS crops, livestock, farm 1 (1) 25 0 25 0.0
Sciences management,
socio-economics
Rivers State University of Faculty of Agriculture RSUFA crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 47 0 47 9.4
S&T forestry, economics,
engineering, food
Rivers Institute of RSU-RIART crops, livestock 1 (1) 7 0 7 7.0
Agricultural Research and
Training
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa School of Agriculture ATBUT-SA crops, livestock 1 (1) 22 0 22 2.2
University of Technologyd
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 15
Table 3: Overview of Present NARS Structure, 1991/92 (contd.)
Executing agency Staffed Number of researchers
Institutional research
category Supervising agency Name Acronym Research focus sitesa National Expats Total FTE
Academic Enugu State University of Faculty of Agricultural ESUT-FAS crops, livestock, soils, 1 (1) 23 1 24 2.4
Technologye Sciences aquaculture, economics,
engineering, food
Imo State University Agriculture and Veterinary ISAVMC animal health 1 (1) 28 0 28 1.4
Medicine College
Nnamdi Azikwe University Faculty of Applied NAUFABS biology, biochemistry 1 (1) 25 0 25 1.3
Biological Sciences
Ladoke Akintola Faculty of Agriculture LAUTFA crops, livestock 1 (1) 5 0 5 0.3
University of Technology
University of Uyo Faculty of Agriculture UUFA crops, livestock, forestry, 1 (1) 53 1 54 2.7
economics
Subtotal academic institutes 41 (41) 1355.9 16.5 1372.4 169.0
Total 153 (na) 2252.9 24.5 2277.4 997.5
Source: 0999 and 1000.
Note: Most of the university data in this table pertain to 1991, and 1992 for the government sector. There are several recent changes that are not reflected in this table: (a) FMST was reestablished in
1994 and regained oversight responsibility to the research agencies previously under the Federal Ministry of Industry as well as NCGRB; (b) NITR seems to have moved from the Federal Ministry of
Agriculture to the Federal Ministry of Health; (c) Bendel State University was split into two universities: the Edo State University at Ekpoma and the Delta State University at Abraka; and (d) The
University of Agriculture, Umudike was established in 1993.
a Staffed with researchers and/or technicians. Bracketed sites are staffed with researchers.
b Formerly University of Ife.
c Formerly University of Sokoto.
d Originally established as the Federal University of Technology, Bauchi.
e Preceded by the Anambra State University of Technology. In 1991 partitioned into the Enugu State University of Science & Technology and the Nnamdi Azikiwe University.
f Research focus refers to the pre-1992 situation. In 1992 the mandate of this institute was redirected towards industrial research.
g Renamed National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NRICT) in 1992.
h See note.
and PDI and combined with data and information from the sources cited at the conclusion of this
brief. More detailed institutional data are provided in appendices 5 and 6. We treated most of the
government institutes listed in table 4 as if they are engaged only in agricultural research. The
exceptions were FIIR and PDI which were presumed to direct only half their total resources to
agricultural research and NAERLS which was taken to allocate 70% of its resources to
agricultural research during 1976-88 and 50% during 1989-91. In 1992 the mandates of PDI and
LERIN (and probably also FIIR) were directed exclusively towards industrial research. Data for
these institutes have still been included for 1992 on the presumption that the mandate change
did not immediately affect the content of the ongoing research programs but will do so in later
years. For the academic organizations, faculty counts were converted to full-time equivalent
researchers using prorating factors kindly supplied by Prof. Idachaba.
The expenditure data presented in this brief are based as much as possible on the actual
expenditures as reported by the various institutes. However, institutes underestimate the degree
of donor funding if they only have information about such support that is channeled through
their accounting system. Most importantly they often underreport or fail to report the salaries
and supplements paid directly to expatriate researchers. To correct for this problem in the
Nigerian data, we constructed an implicit cost series for expatriate researchers (see appendix 2)
and where necessary added this to the expenditures reported by the various institutes. Since no
research expenditure data for the universities were available, the expenditure estimates were
constructed by multiplying the FTE university researcher figure by the average
expenditure-per-researcher estimate for those researchers working in the government agencies
on the presumption that spending per scientist was similar for both groups of institutes.
3.1 Long-Term Development
Compared with most other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the development of the Nigerian
NARS during the past 30 years has been particularly uneven (table 4). The system experienced
periods of rapid expansion but also periods of contraction. Taking expenditure per researcher as
an indicator, Nigeria compares favorably with other African NARS in the early 1960s. Since
then, however, real expenditures per researcher have steadily declined and are now less than a
quarter of what they were three decades earlier. This is reflected in the sharp contrast between
the average annual rate of growth of researchers (7.2%) and the corresponding rate of growth in
research expenditures (1.6%).
The intensity of Nigeria’s agricultural research effort in terms of the number of researchers per
million farmers and research expenditures as a percentage of AgGDP were both below the
corresponding regional averages during the 1960s, above the regional average during the 1970s,
and about average during the early 1980s. Since then Nigeria’s research intensity ratios declined
dramatically; particularly expenditures as a percentage of AgGDP which declined by fourfold
from 0.8% in 1981 to 0.2% in 1991. It is presently below the intensity which prevailed in the
early 1960s. The recent decline in this intensity ratio is due in part to the significant recovery of
the agricultural sector that occurred during the late-1980s following two decades of poor
performance. This recovery took place in the context of a structural adjustment program that
formally went into effect in 1986. Under this program local agricultural prices were
significantly increased while at the same time imports of major staples (e.g., maize, rice, and
wheat) were prohibited (Nwosu 1992).
The development of the Nigerian NARS to a large extent parallels developments regarding the
country’s oil sector and the government resources that derive from these oil revenues. Total
16 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
agricultural research expenditures peaked in 1977 and again in 1981, but have since declined
sharply (see appendix 5 for annual expenditure data). The decline in government oil revenues
affected all government activities, although agricultural research appears to have fared worse
than other activities. Agricultural research expenditures as a percentage of total government
expenditures (World Tables 1993) declined from a 1975-78 average of 0.91% to 0.67% for the
years 1984-87. In fact the 1984-87 average masks a steady decline in this ratio from 0.92% in
1984 to 0.36% in 1987. The increase in government expenditures that occurred throughout the
latter half of the 1980s largely by-passed agricultural research. It is only in very recent years that
additional financial resources have been made available to agricultural research under the
auspices of the National Agricultural Research Project. This seven year project, involving
World Bank funds, has a budget of 104 million US dollars and was initiated in 1991.
Table 4: NARS Researcher and Expenditure Series, 1961-91
growth
1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1986-90 1991 1992 ratea
%
Researchers (FTEs) 167 278 480 868 1009 955 1013 998 7.2
Expenditures (millions 1985 47.6 64.2 97.6 146.0 119.7 68.0 66.0 61.6 1.6
Naira per year)
Expenditures (millions 1985 62.6 84.5 128.5 192.3 157.6 89.6 86.9 81.2 1.6
PPP dollars per year)
Expenditures per researcher 370 308 266 225 157 94 86 81 -5.2
(thousands 1985 PPP dollars
per year)
Number of farmers (millions) 14.2 16.0 18.1 20.7 23.2 25.5 27.1 27.6 2.4
Researchers per million 11.7 17.4 26.3 41.8 43.6 37.4 37.4 36.1 4.7
farmers
AgGDP (millions 1985 PPP 33.0 30.4 38.2 37.1 31.8 40.6 46.1 48.0 0.9
dollars)
Expenditures as a % of 0.23 0.35 0.45 0.66 0.53 0.23 0.19 0.18 -0.2
AgGDP
Source: See appendices 5 and 6.
a Least squares growth rate for the period 1961-91.
For information about “PPP dollars” see appendix 2.
3.2 Human Resources
Degree and Nationality Status of Researchers
Table 5 presents a long-run overview of developments concerning the country’s agricultural
research staff. After a rapid expansion of research staff during the 1960s and 1970s, research
personnel numbers stagnated throughout the 1980s. These system-wide totals mask a
substantial decline in the research staff working at the government institutes that occurred
during the latter half of the 1980s. The 15% decline in government sector researchers since 1983
reflects the severe financial difficulties these research institutes experienced throughout this
period. It was given added impetus by the establishment of many new faculties and colleges of
agriculture during the 1980s which attracted the better trained research staff away from the
government research institutes (Okoro and Onuoha 1985). This shift of personnel to the
academic sector seriously curtailed research activities as most faculty spend only a small
proportion of their time on research (currently the average is estimated at 12%).
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 17
Table 5: Educational and Nationality Status of Researchers
Institutional Researcher
category status 1961-65 1966-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1986-90 1991 1992
(full-time equivalents)
Governmenta Nationals
PhD 3.6 29.1 82.6 227.9 378.9 238.7 239.8 234.3
MSc 8.4 54.2 116.3 293.3 433.2 443.8 486.5 437.5
BSc 43.7 90.1 177.2 247.9 88.6 136.6 114.0 113.3
Subtotal 55.7 173.4 376.0 769.0 900.7 819.1 840.3 820.3
Expatriates 104.2 84.5 63.6 36.9 13.9 13.2 8.7 8.2
Total 160.0 257.9 439.6 805.9 914.6 832.2 849.0 828.5
Academica Nationals
PhD 1.4 4.4 15.6 32.5 54.6 66.3 82.7 84.4
MSc 1.2 4.7 11.3 18.4 29.4 47.0 72.2 75.0
BSc 0.3 2.0 3.7 3.6 5.1 5.4 6.7 7.2
Subtotal 3.0 11.1 30.6 54.6 89.1 118.7 161.5 166.6
Expatriates 4.0 9.5 9.3 7.6 5.6 4.5 2.3 2.4
Total 7.0 20.6 39.9 62.1 94.7 123.2 163.8 169.0
Total Nationals
PhD 5.0 33.5 98.2 260.4 433.5 305.1 322.5 318.7
MSc 9.6 59.0 127.6 311.7 462.6 490.8 558.7 512.4
BSc 44.1 92.1 180.8 251.5 93.7 142.0 120.7 120.6
Subtotal 58.7 184.6 406.6 823.6 989.8 937.8 1001.8 987.0
Expatriates 108.2 93.9 72.9 44.5 19.5 17.7 10.9 10.6
Total 166.9 278.5 479.5 868.1 1009.3 955.5 1012.8 997.5
Source: See appendix 6.
Note: The degree status for researchers working in the government sector was estimated on the basis of sample data. For the
periods 1961-65, 1966-70, 1971-75, 1976-80, 1981-85, 1986-90, 1991, and 1992 the coverage of the sample was, respectively,
29%, 75%, 90%, 41%, 40%, 98%, 94%, and 98% of the corresponding national researcher totals. The 1981-85 estimates fall
outside the longer-run trend. This may in part reflect the relatively small sample size used to construct this estimate but may also
be representative of actual developments at that time. Estimates of the degree status of university faculty were based on a fairly
complete sample.
a Include the same institutes, or their predecessors, as reported in table 3.
Although a large number of universities, faculties, and departments engage in some agricultural
research, the average size of each entity, when measured in full-time equivalents, is quite small.
In 1992, out of the 40 academic entities identified, 27 had less than 5 full-time equivalent
researchers (see table 3).
Compared with most other African countries, Nigeria moved rather rapidly to nationalize its
agricultural research staff after independence. The percentage of expatriates declined from 65%
in the first half of the 1960s to 34% by the second half of that decade. This trend continued
throughout the 1970s and by the early 1980s the percentage of expatriate researchers was
negligible, less than 2%. This is one of the lowest such percentages, if not the lowest, in
sub-Saharan Africa. Government research agencies employ relatively fewer expatriate
18 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
researchers than the academic institutions. Based on count data rather than full-time equivalent
estimates, the overwhelming majority of the expatriate researchers work in the universities.
The frequently found pattern in developing countries that nationalized their agricultural
research staff after independence is an initially large intake of researchers at the BSc level
followed by a gradual increase in the number of researchers trained to the postgraduate level. In
this regard Nigeria is no exception. But compared with most other African countries, the growth
in research personnel with postgraduate training was quite rapid. By the mid-1970s more than
half the national researchers held a postgraduate degree and by 1992 this share had reached
84%. There are few other African countries with such well-qualified agricultural researchers.
Table 5 also shows that the university researchers have historically been better qualified than
their counterparts working in the government institutes. In 1992, 29% of the researchers
working in the government institutes held a PhD compared with 51% at the universities.
Gender
During the years 1986-91, an average of 13% of the researchers at the government institutes
were women and only 6% at the universities. This percentage varies widely across the
government institutes, ranging from 0% at NCGRB to 37% at NIOMR. There are three other
institutes in which more than a quarter of their research staff are female, namely NIHORT,
NITR, and NSPRI. The highest such percentage among the universities is 25% at the Faculty of
Applied Biological Sciences of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University. In most instances, however,
females account for less than 10% of the total faculty within a university. Since 1986 the
percentage of female agricultural researchers has increased marginally for both government
institutes and the relevant faculties within the universities.
Staffing Composition
Table 6 details the large variation in the composition of each institute’s total permanent staff.
The total number of support staff per researcher ranges from 3.5 at NIHORT to nearly 10 times
that number at NIFOR. NIFOR engages in a significant amount of income-generating activities,
such as plant propagation and nursery sales, and palm oil and palm wine production for which
large numbers of support staff are employed. Across all the institutes, the total number of
support staff per researcher averaged 12.3 during the period 1986-90 and 12.5 during the years
1991-92. The number of technicians per researcher varied around an average of 2.1. CRIN has
an exceptionally high number of technicians, about 13 technicians per researcher. NIOMR
reports the lowest such number, about half a technician per researcher.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 19
Table 6: Staffing Structure
CRIN FRIN IAR IAR&T LCRI
Staff category ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
(number of personnel)
Research 27 22 67 59 89 87 40 36 15 18
Support
Technical 278 275 152 103 85 91 27 30 69 90
Administrative 104 111 130 109 30 34 8 10 86 110
Other 147 140 351 365 550 529 426 511 63 87
Subtotal 529 526 633 576 666 654 461 550 218 287
Total 556 548 700 635 755 741 501 586 233 305
NCGRB NAERLS NAPRI NCRI NIFFR
Staff category ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
(number of personnel)
Research 4 2 20 27 48 61 50 62 37 37
Support
Technical 6 6 16 20 32 53 181 175 79 79
Administrative 46 46 20 19 9 17 63 78 7 7
Other 14 12 111 128 397 453 526 519 264 264
Subtotal 66 64 147 167 437 522 770 772 350 350
Total 70 66 167 194 485 583 821 833 387 387
NIFOR NIHORT NIOMR NITR NRCRI
Staff category ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
(number of personnel)
Research 62 54 42 42 49 57 34 30 47 44
Support
Technical 103 129 86 96 21 30 40 46 100 86
Administrative 127 122 33 42 72 73 72 77 112 104
Other 1587 1504 9 10 204 195 314 381 343 322
Subtotal 1818 1754 127 148 298 298 426 503 555 512
Total 1880 1808 170 190 347 355 460 533 602 555
NSPRI PDI RRIN Sample total
Staff category ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
(number of personnel)
Research 33 38 23 22 20 22 707 714
Support
Technical 17 50 63 59 80 88 1434 1503
Administrative 11 18 46 38 40 49 1018 1062
Other 339 318 184 204 422 410 6251 6349
Subtotal 367 386 294 301 542 547 8703 8914
Total 399 423 317 323 562 568 9411 9629
Source: 0999.
Note: No information was available on the staff structure for FIIR, LERIN, and NVRI.
20 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
3.3 Financial Resources
Expenditures
Table 7 identifies agricultural research expenditures by institutional category. Institutes that
originated from or are now closely linked to universities, such as IAR, NAPRI, NAERLS, and
IAR&T, have been reported as government institutes throughout the whole period.
Table 7: Agricultural Research Expenditures
Institutional
category ‘61-65 ‘71-75 ‘81-85 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
(millions 1985 PPP dollars per year)
Government 59.919 117.805 143.317 95.604 72.102 81.424 70.149 71.054 72.850 67.451
Academic 2.701 10.711 14.254 13.450 10.069 12.142 10.831 11.099 14.052 13.718
Total 62.620 128.516 157.571 109.055 82.171 93.566 80.981 82.154 86.902 81.169
Source: See appendix 6.
Over time the universities increased their share of total agricultural research expenditures from
1.8% in 1961 to 16.9% in 1992. This represents a significant increase in the relative size of the
academic sector in agricultural research. In addition, if those government research institutes
with close university ties were classified as academic institutes, the “academic sector” share
would be nearly 30% of the total. But, as noted earlier, the research activities performed within
the academic sector are spread rather thinly across a large number of universities, faculties, and
departments.
Factor Mix
Table 8 identifies various cost categories and reveals markedly different and changing cost
structures across the institutes. Although it is difficult to detect any general pattern, the share of
capital expenditures was often substantially lower in the most recent years compared with the
1976-80 period. This seems to be a consequence of the dramatic decline in total agricultural
research expenditures in the latter half of the 1980s. A relative decline in the share of operating
expenditures vis-à-vis salaries can also be detected for most of the institutes during the 1980s.
This reflects the common tendency in public-sector agencies to make initial cost cuts in areas
other than salaries when budgets begin to decline. In 1992, for example, total agricultural
research expenditures declined by more than 6% in real terms. In that same year the share of
personnel expenditures in total expenditures jumped to 63%, after hovering around 50% for
most of the 1986-91 period, with a corresponding decline in both operating and capital
expenditure shares.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 21
Table 8: Expenditures by Cost Category (percentages)
CRIN FIIR FRIN IAR
P O C P O C P O C P O C
1964-66 na na 48.5 70.2 29.8 0.0 34.5 18.7 46.8 39.6 35.1 25.3
1976-80 56.9 21.6 21.5 25.7 26.5 47.8 29.3 33.8 36.9 na na 20.9
1986-90 74.7 24.9 0.4 na na na 6.6 22.9 20.5 64.3 35.7 0.0
1991-92 81.5 17.9 0.5 na na na na na na 70.3 29.7 0.0
IAR&T NCRI NIFFR NIFOR
P O C P O C P O C P O C
1964-66 47.9 52.1 0.0 56.6 41.3 2.1 na na na 26.6 64.4 9.0
1976-80 na na 40.8 na na na na na 65.0 39.8 48.9 11.2
1986-90 10.0 60.0 30.0 85.5 11.9 0.4 48.1 38.3 13.5 53.2 28.7 18.1
1991-92 10.0 60.0 30.0 88.4 7.9 1.0 37.8 37.9 24.3 57.3 20.0 22.8
NITR NRCRI NSPRI NVRI
P O C P O C P O C P O C
1964-66 60.1 39.9 0.0 50.3 43.1 6.6 65.9 20.6 13.5 52.2 41.1 6.7
1976-80 na na na 26.0 34.6 39.4 36.5 31.6 31.9 na na 55.8
1986-90 na na na 49.5 36.1 14.4 46.3 31.1 22.6 na na na
1991-92 na na na 60.8 31.5 7.7 37.6 19.8 42.5 na na na
LCRI LERIN NCGRB NAERLS
P O C P O C P O C P O C
1976-80 na na 51.3 24.3 25.4 50.3 - - - 63.9 2.6 33.5
1986-90 38.3 41.2 20.6 na na na 21.8 43.3 35.9 69.5 8.6 21.9
1991-92 40.5 22.8 36.8 na na na 23.8 76.2 0.0 58.2 16.6 25.3
NAPRI NIHORT NIOMR PDI
P O C P O C P O C P O C
1976-80 46.2 15.2 38.5 27.5 17.8 54.8 na na na na na 41.8
1986-90 37.9 49.6 12.4 56.0 31.9 12.1 44.2 45.7 10.1 47.2 17.2 35.6
1991-92 55.7 32.5 11.8 57.3 20.0 22.8 41.5 48.9 9.6 54.4 11.2 34.4
Legend: P = personnel expenditures; O = operating expenditures; and C = capital expenditures.
Source: 0268, 0617, and 0999.
Source of Funds
Table 9 identifies the major sources of funding for most of the government research institutes.
For all institutes, by far the most important source of support is from general government funds,
followed by income earned through sales of produce and services. Nearly all institutes report
income from sales, which represent considerable sources of income for institutes working on
plantation crops such as NIFOR and RRIN. On average, sales currently account for about 8% of
the funds made available for research in the government institutes.
22 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Table 9: Source of Funding (percentages)
Source of CRIN FRIN IAR IAR&T LCRI
funding ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
Government 96.1 97.3 74.8 88.0 60.8 67.7 99.7 99.6 98.4 91.4
Sales 3.9 2.7 6.2 2.2 6.5 7.7 0.3 0.4 7.4 2.1
Donors 0.0 0.0 19.0 9.9 32.7 24.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 6.5
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source of NAERLS NAPRI NCGRB NCRI NIFFR
funding ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
Government 96.4 96.3 84.0 95.3 66.1 100.0 84.0 91.1 77.6 85.1
Sales 0.1 0.5 16.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.3 16.5 4.3
Donors 3.4 3.2 0.0 0.0 33.9 0.0 10.3 2.2 5.8 10.6
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.5 0.0 0.0
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source of NIFOR NIHORT NIOMR NRCRI NSPRI
funding ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
Government 69.3 67.9 87.0 94.5 77.6 87.2 92.8 99.0 97.9
Sales 29.5 24.1 13.0 5.5 5.5 11.8 6.6 1.0 2.1
Donors 0.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 16.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.0
Other 0.8 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source of RRIN PDI Average
funding ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92 ‘86-90 ‘91-92
Government 80.8 83.5 77.4 96.1 80.1 87.1
Sales 19.2 16.5 11.7 3.9 10.8 8.1
Donors 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 2.6
Other 0.0 0.0 10.9 0.0 1.6 2.3
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: 0999.
Donor funds are a relative minor source of support for most of the institutes. The weighted
average across the 17 institutes for which information was available was 7.5% in 1986-90 and a
lowly 2.6% in 1991-92. The small donor component corresponds with the low number of
expatriate researchers working at the government research institutes (table 5). The National
Agricultural Research Project, which began in 1991, will inject additional resources into the
NARS but in any one year is unlikely to account for more than 10-15% of total funds presuming
these funds add to rather than substituting for existing commitments to research.
3.4 Research Focus
Table 10 provides an overview of the research orientation of the Nigerian NARS in 1991. The
FTE research staff were first classified into crops, livestock, forestry, and fisheries categories.
When it was not possible to allocate staff to one of these broad commodity areas they were
classified into the remaining categories.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 23
Table 10: Research Focus, 1991
Natural Agr. Post- Socio-
Institute Crops Livestock Forestry Fisheries resources engineering harvest economics Other
( researchers)
NIFOR 58.0
NITR 28.0
CRIN 24.0
NCRI 62.0
NRCRI 45.0
NIHORT 40.0
RRIN 23.0
FRIN 61.0
NVRI 73.0
LCRI 18.0
NIOMR 53.0
NIFFR 37.0
IAR 85.0
NAERLS 7.2 6.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 3.5 2.1 7.7
NAPRI 59.0
IAR&T 34.8 2.2
NCGRB 2.0
NSPRI 38.0
PDI 11.5 11.5
FIIR 34.5
LERIN 17.0
Subtotal 397.0 168.5 62.6 91.6 1.5 15.0 103.1 0.0 9.7
Universities 35.5 66.6 6.4 2.9 5.7 10.1 2.1 28.6 6.1
Total
FTE 432.5 235.1 69.0 94.5 7.2 25.1 105.2 28.6 15.8
Share (%) 42.7 23.2 6.8 9.3 0.7 2.5 10.4 2.8 1.6
Note: The “natural resources,” “agricultural engineering,” “post-harvest,” “socio-economics,” and “other” categories include
research that could not otherwise be allocated to a specific commodity or commodity group. The natural resource category
refers to unallocatable soils, land use, and water research.
A large majority of the researchers (43%) focus on crop research. Among these crop researchers
about 13-14% conduct research on either cereals, root crops, or legumes and oilseeds. The four
commodities that receive most research attention are oil palm (8.8%), rice (6.8%), rubber
(5.9%), and sugarcane (4.4%). Although cocoa has its own research institute, no more than
1.6% of the crop researchers work on this commodity as most of the research done at CRIN
focuses on other commodities such as coffee, tea, cashew, and kola.
Livestock, forestry, and fishery are the primary focus of 23.2%, 6.8%, and 9.3% of the
researchers, respectively. More than half the livestock research concerns itself with animal
health problems. A relatively large proportion of the livestock research, but only a small
proportion of the fisheries research, is conducted at the universities.
24 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
In 1991 post-harvest research was carried out by four government institutes that together
represent about 10% of the country’s FTE research capacity. With the reorganization of the
federal research system in 1992 several of these institutes were given new mandates which no
longer relate to agriculture.
Except for the post-harvest research category, the remaining research categories each account
for a small share of the national total because most government research institutes have a strong
commodity orientation. For example, soil research is conducted by each of the commodity
research institutes rather than being carried out by a separate soil research institute as in some
other countries. Hence the natural resources research capacity reported here is smaller than in
fact is the case. The same is true for socio-economic research.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 25
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0922 Hilmi, H.A. World Compendium of Forestry National Agricultural Research Strategy Plan
and Forest Products Research Institutions. for Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria, 1993.
Rome: FAO, 1986. 1430 Abulu, G.I. “Improving the Effectiveness of
0923 Obi, J.C. “Agricultural Research System in Ni- Agricultural Research Management: The Case
geria.” In Organizational Trends in National of Nigeria.” In Proceedings of the National
Research Management: A Global Overview, Agricultural Research Project (NARP) Work-
edited by P.D. Pages and J.D. , jr., pp.67-71. shop on National Agricultural Research Strat-
1980. egy Plan for Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria, 1993.
0924 CGIAR Task Force on sub-Saharan Africa. 1431 Okigbo, B.N. “The Agricultural Research Pol-
“Study on Maize and Cassava Research Needs icies, Objectives and Priorities: A Critical Re-
in Coastal West Africa, Report on Nigeria.” view.” In Proceedings of the National
1988. Mimeo. Agricultural Research Project (NARP) Work-
1038 Biraimah, K. “Nigeria.” In International shop on National Agricultural Research Strat-
Higher Education, An Encyclopedia, edited by egy Plan for Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria, 1993.
P.G. Altbach. Chicago: St James Press, 1991. 1432 Ojo, M.O., E.D. Balogun, and G.O.
1124 Europa Publications Limited. The World of Evbuomwan. “Sustaining Agricultural Pro-
Learning 1992. London: Europa Publications duction in a Deregulated Economy.” Central
Limited, 1992. Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Re-
1291 Odegbaro, O.A. “A Case Study on the Public view Vol. 31, No. 2 (n.d.): 71-85.
Funding of Agricultural Research in Nigeria.” 1433 Ukpong, G.E. “Some Strategies for the Devel-
Paper presented at the FAO/SPAAR Expert opment of Nigeria’s Agricultural Sector in the
Consultation on Funding Agricultural Re- 1990s.” Central Bank of Nigeria Economic
search in Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, and Financial Review Vol. 31, No. 2 (n.d.):
6-8 July 1993. 86-109.
1296 Schweitzer, G.E. “Planning and Conducting 1434 World Bank. Staff Appraisal Report Federal
Federally Funded Scientific Research in Nige- Republic of Nigeria. National Agricultural Re-
ria.” Public Administration and Development search Project. Washington, D.C.: World
Vol. 6, No. 2 (1986): 175-186. Bank, June 1990.
1297 Obeya, A.O. “Revitalization of the Nigerian 1438 Ishola, S.A. “Agricultural Research Funding.”
Agricultural Research System: Issues and Op- In Proceedings of the National Agricultural
tions.” Paper presented at the Regional Work- Research Project (NARP) Workshop on Na-
shop on Revitalizing African Agricultural tional Agricultural Research Strategy Plan for
Research: An Initiative for the Humid and Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria, 1993.
Sub-Humid Zones of Western and Central Af- 1439 Makinde, O. “Human Resources Development
rica, SPAAR, Abuja, Nigeria, 5-9 October for Improving the Efficiency and Effective-
1992. ness of the Agricultural Research System in
1299 Yayock, J.Y. “State of Nigeria’s Agricultural Nigeria: Looking Beyond Training.” In Pro-
Research System.” In Proceedings of a ceedings of the National Agricultural Re-
CODRI/ISNAR International Workshop on search Project (NARP) Workshop on National
Agricultural Management held at Ilorin, Nige- Agricultural Research Strategy Plan for Nige-
ria, 18-22 February 1991. The Hague: ria. Zaria, Nigeria, 1993.
ISNAR, 1991. 1440 Nuru, S. “Current Agricultural Research Ac-
1300 Adetunji, S.A. “Agricultural Research Policy tivities and Research Gaps in Nigeria.” In Pro-
in Nigeria.” In Proceedings of a /ISNAR Inter- ceedings of the National Agricultural
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Management held at Ilorin, Nigeria 18-22 tional Agricultural Research Strategy Plan for
February 1991. The Hague: ISNAR, 1991. Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria, 1993.
1388 International Society for Horticultural Science
(ISHS). Horticultural Research International.
Directory of Horticultural Research Institutes
30 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 1: Country background information
Annual growth rates (1981-90)a
GDP: 2.4%
GDP per capita: -0.6%
NORTH
WESTERN KANO AgGDP: 4.6%
NORTH
CENTRAL Trade (values reported in current dollars)
NORTH EASTERN
Net surplus total trade (1991): 405 million dollars
Net surplus agricultural trade (1991): -63 million dol-
KWARA BENUE PLATEAU lars
WESTERN Percentage of agricultural imports in total imports:
Lagos 10.4%
t Percentage of agricultural exports in total exports:
LAGOS SOUTH EASTERN 2.1%
MID WESTERN
Major import commodities (1991)b: fishery products
(19%), bovine cattle (17%), refined sugar (16%), rice
RIVERS (9%), wheat flour (8%) and dry milk (6%).
EAST CENTRAL Major export commodities (19991): cocoa beans
(71%), copra cakes (10%), fishery products (6%), co-
coa butter (5%).
Agriculture
Agricultural land (1990): 72.3 million ha
Geography Annual growth rate (1981-90)a: 0.3%
Percentage arable: 41.2%
Area: 92.4 million ha Percentage permanent crop: 3.5%
Location: Eastern end of the broad sweep of the West Percentage permanent pastures: 55.3%
African coastline, bordered to the south by the Gulf of Percentage irrigated arable and permanent cropland:
Guinea, to the north by Niger, by Cameroon to the east 2.7%
and Benin to the west.
Economically active agricultural population (1991):
Agroecological features: relatively high temperatures 27.1 million
throughout the year; annual rainfall ranges from 380 cm Annual growth rate (1981-90)a: 2.0%
in places near the coast to 65 cm in the northeast; Percentage in total economically active population:
heavily leached, reddish brown, sandy soils in the south 64.4%
and light or moderately leached, yellowish brown,
sandy soils in the northern parts; vegetation shows clear Fertilizer use per ha arable land (1990): 12.4 kg
east-west zonation; mangrove and rainforests in the Annual growth rate (1981-90)a: 6.3%
south, occupying about 20% of the country; grasslands
of various types occupy the rest. Major crops (in order of importance): yams, cassava,
paddy rice, groundnuts, sorghum, millets.
Population
Total (1991): 99.0 million
Annual growth rate (1981-90)a: 3.0%
Literacy (1990): 50.7%
Life expectancy (1991): 52 years
Economy (values reported in 1985 PPP dollars)
Gross Domestic Product (1991): 125,623 million dol-
lars
Per capita GDP (1991): 1,269 dollars Sources: Europa Publications (1992), FAO (1993), and
World Bank (1992).
Agricultural GDP (1991): 46,148 million dollars a Least squares growth rate.
Share of agriculture in GDP (1991): 36.7% bBracketed percentages represent value share of the respec-
tive total.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 31
Appendix 2: Definitions and concepts
NARS tasks other than agricultural research. In the latter case
an estimate was made of the time spent on agricultural
The construction of quantitative and internationally research. No adjustments were made, however, for va-
comparable expenditure, personnel, and related mea- cation or sick leave nor for time spent on administra-
sures of a national agricultural research system (NARS) tion, meetings, travel or other activities that form part of
requires a precise idea of what, in fact, is being mea- the normal duties required to support a research en-
sured. Since the term NARS is subject to a variety of in- deavor. Following this line of reasoning, professional
terpretations, it is necessary to define rather precisely staff in management positions were classified as re-
the NARS concept used here. Our approach adheres, searchers.
wherever possible and appropriate, to the internation-
ally accepted statistical procedures and definitions de- The degree status of researchers is determined on the
veloped by the OECD and UNESCO for compiling following basis: 3-4 years full-time university educa-
R&D statistics (OECD 1981 and UNESCO 1984). For tion (BSc), 5-6 years (MSc), and more than 6 years plus
statistical purposes a NARS is defined in terms of the doctorate thesis (PhD).
following characteristics:
Expatriate Researcher Costs
(a) National. The concept of a “national” system used
in this report refers to domestically targeted research Many expatriate researchers working on do-
activities funded and/or executed by the public sector of nor-supported projects in NARSs are paid their salaries
a particular country. A relatively broad concept of the and living expenses directly by the donor agency. All
public sector is taken to include government, (or some substantial fraction) of these costs do not get
semi-public and academic research institutes. How- included in the financial reports of the agricultural re-
ever, private, for-profit research as well as the research search organizations. To calculate these implicit costs
activities of supranational research agencies that are not we took the average cost per researcher in 1985 to be
executed through national institutes are excluded. Also 120,000 “1985 PPP dollars” and backcast this figure
excluded is research undertaken by short-term develop- using the rate of change in real personnel costs per FTE
ment projects. researcher in the US state agricultural experiment sta-
tion system. This extrapolation procedure makes the as-
(b) Agricultural. Agricultural research, as defined here, sumption that the personnel-cost trend for US
includes crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries re- researchers is a reasonable proxy of the trend in real
search, as well as research on agricultural inputs, the costs of internationally recruited staff working in
natural resource base, and socio-economic aspects of NARSs. Unless otherwise stated, FTE expatriate re-
primary agricultural production. It excludes, where searchers were costed at $80,000 “1985 PPP dollars”
possible, research concerning the off-farm storage and per researcher for the 1961-65 period, $85,000 per re-
processing of agricultural products, commonly referred searcher for 1966-70, $90,000 per researcher for
to as post-harvest research and food-processing re- 1971-75, $110,000 per researcher for 1976-80, and
search. This delineation corresponds with the national $120,000 per researcher for 1981-91.
accounts definition of the agricultural sector.
Deflators and Exchange Rates
(c) Research. Research is often performed in conjunc-
tion with other activities such as extension, education, All expenditure figures were first compiled in current
and production. To the extent possible, research activi- local currency units (appendix 5). In order to facilitate
ties (in terms of expenditures and staff) are differenti- comparisons over time and across countries these fig-
ated from these other activities. However, if ures are deflated with a local GDP deflator to base year
non-research activities were an integral part of an insti- 1985, and then converted to a common currency (US
tute’s research activities, and accounted for less than dollars) using the 1985 purchasing power parity (PPP)
20% of the resources of the institute, it was expedient to over GDP. PPPs are synthetic exchange rates that at-
classify all the activities of the institute as being re- tempt to reflect the purchasing power of a country’s
search-related. currency. The PPPs used here are derived from the
Penn World Table (Mark 5) which is based on the
Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) benchmark studies of the International Comparison
Project (Summers and Heston 1991). For additional in-
A full-time equivalent researcher year is taken to be a formation on currency conversion methods in this con-
person who holds a full-time position as a researcher text see Pardey, Roseboom, and Craig (1992).
during the whole year. Adjustments to full-time equiva-
lents have only been made when: (a) a research position
was part-time; (b) a research position was not filled for
the whole year; or (c) if the position explicitly involved
32 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Nomenclature for tables in text
A zero indicates an actual observation of zero, a dash
indicates that an observation is not relevant (due to in-
stitutional mergers, closures and so on), while “na” in-
dicates an observation that is not available.
In the text we note any marked deviations from these
data compilation norms and include points of clarifica-
tion if warranted.
On 1 January 1973 the Naira, equal to one-half the Ni-
gerian Pound, was introduced.
Until 1980 the fiscal year ran from April to March. As
of 1980 the fiscal year corresponds to the calender year.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 33
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes1
National Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR)
Board of Governors
Office of the Director
Extension & On-Farm Administrative Research Services Plantations Production
Adaptive Research Department Department Department Department Department
Department
Central Analytical Laboratory
Oil Palm Coconut Palm Raphia Palm Date Palm End Use
Programme Programme Programme Programme Programme
National Institute of Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR)
Board of Governors Administrative Division
Office of the Director Finance & Supplies Division
Library, Documentation &
Publication Division
Entomology/ Pathology/ Veterinary & Biochemistry &
Parasitology Epidemiology & Livestock Studies Chemotherapy
Division Statistics Division Division Division
1 The organigrams presented have been modified to improve their clarity. Service divisions such as supplies,
accounts, and maintenance & repair are often excluded.
34 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Agricultural Engineering Division
Agricultural Economics Division
Agronomy Division
Biochemistry Division
Chemistry Division
Computer Division
Entomology Division
Physiology Division
Plant Breeding Division
Plant Pathology Division
Statistics Division
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)
Governing Board
Office of the Director
Central Services Unit Research Unit Finance & Administration Unit
Plant Soil & Economics & Agronomy Plant Entomology
Pathology Chemistry Statistics Division Breeding Division
Division Division Division Division
Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR)
Board of Governors University Council
Vice Chancellor
Office of the Director Support Services Units
Deptuy Director Deputy Director stations
Extension Research research programmes
Agricultural
Soil Agronomy Agricultural Crop Plant Economics Animal
Science Department Engineering Protection Science & Rural Science
Department Department Department Department Sociology Department
Department
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 35
Cocoa Programme
Coffee Programme
Cashew Programme
Kola Programme
Tea Programme
Crop Utilization Programme
E&P Programme
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)
Board of Governors
School of Agriculture Office of the Director Support Services Units
Administration Root Crops Tuber Crops FSR & Planning &
Department Department Department Extension Development
Department Department
National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT)
Board of Governors
Office of the Director Support Services Units
Assistant Director Assistant Director
Vegetable Citrus Fruits Extension-Research Research
Improvement Improvement Improvement Liaison & Training Support
Programme Programme Programme Programme Programme
Vegetable Citrus Fruits
Division Division Division
Crop Protection Division
Agricultural Economics Division
Chemistry & Utilization Division
Engineering Division
Genetic Resources Division
36 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Cassava Programme
Ginger Programme
Sweet Potato Programme
Other Root Crops Programme
Yam Programme
Irish Potato Programme
Cocoyam Programme
Other Tuber Crops Programme
Farming Systems Programme
Liaison & Training Programme
Subject Matter Specialist Programme
Research Divisions
Sub- and Out-stations
Manpower Development
Special Projects
Records, Monitoring & Evaluation
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN)
Board of Governors
Office of the Director Support Services Units
Planning Agricultural Industrial
Administrative Mechanization/
Division Sciences Sciences
Division Building
Section Section Division
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN)
Governing Board
Office of the Director
Research Programmes Support Services
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 37
Tree Crop Production, Improvement,
& Forest Conservation Agronomy Division
Forest Products Plant Breeding Division
Shelterbelt & Savanna Forestry Soils/Plant Nutrition Division
Education plus Extension-Research Plant Pathology/Microbiology Division
Liaison
Physiology/Latex Experiment Division
Farming Systems Division
Agricultural Extension-Research Liaison
Service Division
Socio-economics and Statistics Division
Oil Extraction Laboratory
Library Division
Rubber Testing Laboratory
Administration
Accounts
Estate & Maintenance
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI)
Governing Board Administrative Division
Accounts
Internal Audit
Office of the Director Estate Management
Assistant Director Assistant Director
Research Agricultural Extension-Research
Liaison Services
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR)
Board of Trustees
Office of the Director Internal Audit
Administrative Fisheries Marine Geology Oceanography Fish Technology, Technical
and Finance Resources and Geophysics Division Economics and Services
Division Division Division Extension Division Division
African Regional
Aquaculture Centre
38 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Wheat & Barley Research Programme
Millet Research Programme
Farming Systems Research Programme
Laboratory Services
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR)
Board of Trustees
Office of the Director Support Services Units
Agricultural Fish Fish Socio-Economic and Limnology Hydrology
Programme Technology Biology Extension Services Programme Programme
Programme Programme Programme
National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI)
Board of Governors
Office of the Director Support Services Units
Agricultural
Extension- Planning/ Outstation &
Research Collaborative Administrative
Research Budgeting Division Research Division
Liaison Services Division
Division
Division
Rice Oil-Seeds Sugarcane Farming Farm Agricultural
Research Research Research Systems Management Engineering and
Programme Programme Programme Research Research Mechanization
Programme Programme Unit
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 39
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI)
Board of Governors University Council
Finance Officer
Office of the Director Internal Auditor
Secretary
Deputy Director Service Units
Assistant Director Assistant Director
(Research) (Extension and Linkages)
Programme Leaders
Committee
Research Programmes
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T)
40 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Animal Reproduction
Small Ruminants
Forage & Crop Residue
Beef
Dairy
Poultry
Swine
Livestock Systems (On-Station)
Rabbitary
Artificial Insemination
Livestock Extension Research
Unit
Livestock Systems OFAR
Publication and Information
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)
Products Development Institute (PDI)
Director
Internal Audit
National Agricultural Extension-Research Liaison Service (NAERLS)
Board of Governors University Council
Office of the Director
Crop & Forestry Agricultural Engineering Food Technology
Technology & Irrigation Technology & Rural Home Farm Broadcast Planning &
Transfer Programme Transfer Programme Evaluation
Economics
Livestock & Fisheries Farm Management on &
Technology Transfer & Cooperative Extension & Publicati
Programme rogramme Rural Youth Publicity
P
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 41
Primary Power Equipment R&D Division
Special Purpose Production Machinery
R&D Division
Electrical Power Equipment R&D Division
Production Division
Materials and Energy Technology Division
Industrial Promotion, Information and
Documentation Division
Personnel Management and Administration
Division
Finance and Supply Division
Appendix 3: Organizational charts of the agricultural research institutes (contd.)2
National Centre for Genetic Research and Biotechnology (NACGRB)
Board of Trustees
Office of the Director
Genetic Resources Conservation Genetic Engineering and Validation and Registration
and Utilization Division Biotechnology Division of Crop Varieties and
Livestock Breeds Division
National Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI)
Board of Governors
Office of the Director Internal Audit
Administration Accounts Research & Library &
Extension Information
Entomology Microbiology Chemistry/ Engineering Extension-Research
Laboratory Laboratory Biochemistry Laboratory Liaison Service
Laboratory
2 No organigrams were obtained for FIIR, LERIN, and NVRI.
42 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 4: Addresses of the agricultural research institutes
National Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine
M.B. 1030 Research (NIOMR)
Benin City Victoria Island
Edo State P.M.B. 12727
Lagos
National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research
(NITR) Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR)
P.M.B. 2077 Ahmadu Bello University
Kaduna P.M.B. 1044
Zaria
Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) Kaduna State
P.M.B. 5244
Idi-Ayunre National Agricultural Extension & Research Liaison
Idaban Services (NAERLS)
Oyo State Ahmadu Bello University
P.M.B. 1067
National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) Zaria
Badeggi Kaduna State
P.M.B. 8
Bida National Animal Production Research Institute
Niger State (NAPRI)
Ahmadu Bello University
National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) P.M.B. 1096
P.M.B. 7006 Zaria
Umudike - Umuahia Kaduna State
Imo State
Institute of Agricultural Research & Training (IAR&T)
National Institute for Horticultural Research Moor Plantation
(NIHORT) P.M.B. 5029
P.M.B. 5432 Idaban
Idi-Ishin Oyo State
Jericho Reservation Area
Ibadan National Centre for Genetic Research and
Oyo State Biotechnology (NCGRB)
Moor Plantation
Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN) P.M.B. 5382
P.M.B. 1049 Ibadan
Benin-City Oyo State
Edo State
National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research
Forest Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) (NIFFR)
P.M.B. 5054 P.M.B. 6006
Forestry Hill New Bussa
Jericho Niger State
Ibadan
Oyo State Products Development Institute (PDI)
Emene Industrial Layout
National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) P.O. Box 609
Vom, via Jos Enugu
Plateau State Enugu State
Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI) National Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI)
P.M.B. 1293 10 Offa Road
Maiduguri P.M.B. 1489
Borno State Ilorin
Kwara State
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 43
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Faculty of Agriculture
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Sugar Research Institute
Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Ilorin
Faculty of Technology P.M.B. 1515
Department of Wood Engineering, Faculty of Ilorin
Technology
Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research Faculty of Agriculture
(NISER) University of Benin
University of Idaban P.M.B. 1154
Idaban Benin City
Faculty of Agriculture School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Technology, Akure
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of P.M.B. 704
Engineering Akure
Ahmadu Bello University Ondo State
Zaria
School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture School of Environmental Technology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Technology, Minna
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of P.M.B. 65
Engineering Minna
Economic Development Institute
Centre for Rural Development and Cooperatives School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
University of Nigeria Federal University of Technology, Owerri
Nsukka P.M.B. 1526
Enugu State Owerri
Imo State
Faculty of Agriculture
Obafemi Awolowo University School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
Ile-Ife Federal University of Technology, Yola:
P.M.B. 2076
Faculty of Agriculture Yola
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Food Science and Technology College of Agricultural and Natural Resources
North-East Centre for Arid Zone Studies Bendel State University
University of Maiduguri P.M.B. 14
P.M.B. 1069 Ekpoma
Maiduguru
Borno State College of Agricultural Sciences
Ogun State University
Faculty of Agriculture P.M.B. 2002
Rivers Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ago-Iwoye
(RIART)
Rivers State University of Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture
P.M.B. 5080 Faculty of Sciences
Port Hacourt Institute of Oceanography
University of Calabar
Faculty of Agriculture P.M.B. 1115
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Calabar
P.M.B. 2346
Sokoto Institute of Agricultural Research and Development
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Environmental Sciences P.M.B. 5323
University of Jos Port Harcourt
P.M.B. 2084 Rivers State
Jos
44 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
P.M.B. 2240 College of Applied Natural and Social Sciences
Abeokuta Nnamdi Azikiwe University
Ogun State P.M.B. 5025
Awka
University of Agriculture, Makurdi
P.M.B. 2373 Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine College
Makurdi Imo State University
Benue State P.M.B. 2000
Okigwe
School of Agriculture Imo State
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University of Technology
P.M.B. 0248 Faculty of Agriculture
Bauchi University of Uyo
Bauchi State P.M.B. 1017
Uyo
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Akwa Ibom State
College  of Agricultural Sciences
Enugu State University of Technology
P.M.B. 53
Abakaliki
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 45
46 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 5a: Researcher totals government institutes, 1961-91
Total Number of FTE Researchers
Category Name institute 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Government CRIN 7.5 8.2 9.0 19.5 30.0 27.0 25.5 24.0 23.0 22.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 30.3 36.7
FFS 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.0 11.0 15.0 17.0 18.5 20.0
FIIR 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 7.7 6.8 6.0 9.0 11.5 13.5 15.5 13.5 15.0 16.5
FRIN 12.7 15.0 17.3 19.7 22.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 32.0 24.0 35.0 44.0 45.0 65.0 66.0 67.0
IAR 34.8 41.2 33.8 26.4 33.8 33.4 33.0 38.0 42.9 46.2 49.5 70.1 90.8 93.2 95.7 107.2
IAR&T 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 21.3 25.7 30.0 20.0 2.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 41.0 24.0 39.0
LCRI 3.0
LERIN 7.0
NACGRB
NAERLS 7.0 8.4
NAPRI 25.0
NCRI 15.0 17.0 19.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 29.0 43.0 46.7 50.3 54.0 63.7 73.3 83.0 108.3 133.7
NIFFR 1.0 3.4 5.8 8.2 10.6 13.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 13.3 11.7
NIFOR 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 14.0 19.0 23.0 25.0 26.0 31.5 37.0 42.5
NIHORT 20.0 23.4
NIOMR 12.0 14.0
NITR 7.0 7.0 7.0 12.0 17.0 13.0 11.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 19.7 21.3
NRCRI 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 28.0 28.8 29.5 30.2 31.0 30.0 35.0 27.5 20.0 29.5 39.0
NSPRI 4.5 4.8 5.0 6.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 11.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
NVRI 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 17.0 15.0 13.0 13.0 21.0 17.0 18.3 19.7 21.0 50.0 60.0
PDI 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.5
RRIN 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 4.0 10.7 17.3
Subtotal government 133.5 150.8 152.2 166.6 196.8 219.8 236.2 258.0 273.4 302.0 337.0 399.1 434.0 469.2 558.8 693.2
Subtotal universities 2.4 5.1 6.2 8.1 13.0 15.2 17.3 20.6 24.0 25.9 27.4 33.2 39.1 46.2 53.7 56.4
TOTAL 136.0 155.8 158.4 174.7 209.9 235.0 253.5 278.6 297.4 328.0 364.4 432.4 473.1 515.4 612.5 749.6
Source 908 653 1000 268; 286 286 1000 285; 634 532; 1000 154 154; 279 154 431 244 1000 61; 95
1000 1000 1000 154
912
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 47
Appendix 5a: Researcher totals government institutes, 1961-91 (contd.)
Total Number of FTE Researchers
Category Name institute 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Government CRIN 43.0 45.0 47.0 45.0 42.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 25.5 23.0 29.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 24.0 20.0
FFS
FIIR 18.0 20.8 23.7 26.5 27.1 27.6 28.2 28.8 29.4 29.9 30.5 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5
FRIN 57.0 65.7 74.3 83.0 86.0 86.0 85.0 80.0 78.0 75.0 73.0 67.0 63.0 58.0 61.0 56.0
IAR 94.0 93.6 93.2 91.2 89.1 103.5 118.0 113.4 108.9 100.0 87.0 86.0 89.0 83.0 85.0 89.0
IAR&T 37.0 37.5 38.0 48.0 38.0 40.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 34.0 41.0 44.0 40.0 40.0 37.0 34.0
LCRI 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 20.0 16.7 13.3 10.0 12.0 17.0 17.0 18.0 18.0 18.0
LERIN 7.0 10.3 13.7 17.0 14.0 18.0 19.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
NACGRB 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
NAERLS 9.8 9.8 9.8 13.0 16.1 20.0 23.8 22.4 21.0 15.4 15.4 20.3 15.5 32.5 31.5 21.5
NAPRI 30.0 35.7 41.3 47.0 48.5 50.0 55.5 61.0 57.5 54.0 57.0 38.0 41.0 51.0 59.0 62.0
NCRI 159.0 152.5 146.0 127.0 112.0 104.5 97.0 77.0 62.0 48.0 45.0 46.0 51.0 62.0 62.0 61.0
NIFFR 10.0 14.3 18.7 23.0 28.0 27.0 34.0 34.0 35.5 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0
NIFOR 48.0 54.7 61.3 68.0 74.0 71.0 69.0 56.0 65.0 68.0 62.0 64.0 58.0 59.0 58.0 50.0
NIHORT 26.8 30.2 33.6 37.0 38.3 39.7 41.0 42.0 21.0 27.0 34.0 45.0 53.0 53.0 40.0 43.0
NIOMR 33.0 37.3 41.7 46.0 34.0 42.0 51.0 64.0 57.5 51.0 50.0 47.0 48.0 50.0 53.0 60.0
NITR 23.0 28.7 34.3 40.0 29.0 35.0 43.0 44.0 40.5 37.0 38.0 36.0 30.0 30.0 28.0 31.0
NRCRI 55.0 60.0 64.0 65.0 55.0 75.0 75.0 62.0 49.0 45.0 63.0 43.0 44.0 42.0 45.0 42.0
NSPRI 13.0 14.7 16.3 18.0 19.3 20.7 22.0 23.3 24.7 26.0 30.0 34.0 35.0 39.0 38.0 37.0
NVRI 57.0 57.0 57.0 57.0 66.0 82.0 93.0 95.0 88.3 81.7 75.0 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0
PDI 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.5 10.6 12.7 14.8 16.8 18.9 21.0 18.5 25.5 25.5 25.0 23.0 20.5
RRIN 24.0 19.7 15.3 11.0 13.0 15.0 15.2 15.5 15.8 16.0 20.0 18.0 22.0 22.0 23.0 20.0
Subtotal government 772.4 815.5 857.5 891.1 870.0 931.6 971.5 934.0 865.8 820.0 838.4 823.3 823.5 856.0 849.0 828.5
Subtotal universities 57.9 62.2 66.6 67.6 74.3 80.6 98.9 105.1 114.4 115.4 117.1 122.8 127.2 133.7 163.8 169.0
TOTAL 830.3 877.7 924.2 958.7 944.3 1012.3 1070.4 1039.1 980.2 935.4 955.5 946.1 950.6 989.7 1012.8 997.6
Source 61; 157 61 61 86; 162 86 27 17; 86 86 86; 919 925 911 911 917 999 999 999
243 1000 242; 617 1000 86 162 918 922 999 999 999 999
1000 909; 910 1000 1000 1000
1309
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated.
48 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 5a: Researcher totals academic institutes, 1961-91
Total Number of FTE Researchers
Category Institute 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Academic UIFAF 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.7 4.2 4.0 3.9 5.2 6.6 7.4 8.2 9.2 10.0 11.8 13.5 13.4
UIFVM 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.3 5.2 6.0
UINISER 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.1 6.8 5.7
ABUFA 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.4
ABUFVM 1.8 2.5 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.7 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.7
ABUDAE 0.4 0.6
UNFA 1.5 2.0 2.6 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.3 7.5 8.0
UNFVM 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.8 4.0 4.9
UNDAE 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4
UNIDS 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
UNCRDC
OAUFA 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.8 2.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.6 4.7
UBFA
UDUFA
UDUFVS
UMFA
UMFVM
UMFFST
UCFA
UCIO
UIFA
UIDAE
UISRI
UPHIARD
FUTASAAT
FUTMSAAT
FUTOSAAT
FUTYSAAT
UAA
UAM
BSUCANR
OSUCAS
RSUFA
RSURIART
ATBUTSA
Subtotal academic 2.4 5.1 6.2 8.1 13.0 15.2 17.3 20.6 24.0 25.9 27.4 33.2 39.1 46.2 53.7 56.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 912
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 49
Appendix 5a: Researcher totals academic institutes, 1961-91 (contd.)
Total Number of FTE Researchers
Category Name institute 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Academic UIFAF 13.4 14.6 15.9 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.9 17.4 18.9 18.8 18.6 18.4 17.8 17.6 17.2 17.2
UIFVM 6.8 8.0 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 10.1 10.6 10.4 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.2 9.2
UINISER 4.6 5.8 6.9 8.0 9.1 10.2 11.3 12.4 13.5 13.5 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6
ABUFA 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.4 1.9
ABUFVM 9.6 10.4 11.2 11.0 10.8 11.5 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.3 12.1 11.8 13.8 13.0 15.2 15.2
ABUDAE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.5
UNFA 8.6 7.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 7.0 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.6
UNFVM 5.8 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 7.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.5 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.2 8.2
UNDAE 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6
UNIDS 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
UNCRDC 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
OAUFA 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.7 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.5
UBFA 1.8 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.4
UDUFA 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.2
UDUFVS 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.3
UMFA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.4
UMFVM 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.5 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.0
UMFFST 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5
UCFA 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3
UCIO 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9
UIFA 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.4 4.0 5.8
UIDAE 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.6
UISRI 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.0 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.0
UPHIARD 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
FUTASAAT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.6
FUTMSAAT 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.0 1.8 2.5 2.5
FUTOSAAT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 3.3
FUTYSAAT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
UAA 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.4
UAM 0.8 2.0 3.2 4.4 5.6 9.8 14.0 14.0
BSUCANR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
OSUCAS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RSUFA 2.7 3.6 4.6 5.4 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.0 9.4 9.4
RSURIART 8.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0
ATBUTSA 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 2.2 2.2
ESUTFAS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.4
NAUFABS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.2
ISAVMC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.3 2.6 1.4 1.4
LAUTFA 0.0 0.2 0.2
UUFA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.7
Subtotal academic 57.9 62.2 66.6 67.6 74.3 80.6 98.9 105.1 114.4 115.4 117.1 122.8 127.2 133.7 163.8 169.0
Source 1000 1000 162 1000 1000 890 999 999 999 999 999 999; 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000 1016
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated.
50 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 5b: Expenditure totals, 1961-91
Total Agricultural Research Expenditures Currency: million Nairas
Category Name institute 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Government CRIN 0.115 0.134 0.141 0.392 1.006 1.116 0.933 0.804 0.713 0.909 0.785 0.866 0.934 1.403 3.593 2.601
FFS 0.081 0.107 0.124 0.161 0.170 0.186 0.171 0.160 0.139 0.188 0.135 0.223 0.262 0.408
FIIR 0.066 0.075 0.078 0.086 0.093 0.116 0.105 0.098 0.092 0.215 0.295 0.377 0.460 0.595 0.824 1.066
FRIN 0.241 0.301 0.337 0.391 0.442 0.785 0.720 0.681 0.770 0.763 0.994 1.026 0.934 2.584 3.962 5.526
IAR 0.505 1.581 1.255 1.001 1.340 1.260 1.150 1.272 1.410 2.167 2.280 3.205 4.015 5.549 6.407 7.743
IAR&T 0.163 0.211 0.241 0.284 0.347 0.383 0.440 0.514 0.349 0.650 0.801 0.972 1.133 1.651 1.155 2.117
LCRI 0.450
LERIN 0.996
NACGRB
NAERLS 0.450 0.488
NAPRI 2.932
NCRI 0.535 0.641 0.693 0.634 0.607 0.652 0.600 0.575 0.561 0.796 0.820 1.396 1.819 2.988 4.713 6.679
NIFFR 0.014 0.037 0.056 0.076 0.100 0.132 0.183 0.266 0.469 0.991 1.354 1.424
NIFOR 0.473 0.285 0.240 0.304 0.493 0.421 0.440 0.503 0.905 1.048 1.806 1.584 3.007 1.386 3.093 4.428
NIHORT 1.737 2.749
NIOMR 0.787 1.028
NITR 0.115 0.121 0.117 0.206 0.294 0.316 0.310 0.299 0.352 0.662 0.832 1.026 1.190 1.903 2.765 2.080
NRCRI 0.290 0.326 0.456 0.607 0.900 0.998 0.950 0.944 0.958 1.419 1.449 1.500 1.183 1.203 2.085 3.054
NSPRI 0.069 0.078 0.079 0.105 0.131 0.137 0.124 0.117 0.190 0.207 0.271 0.264 0.278 0.578 0.768 0.957
NVRI 0.348 0.381 0.382 0.403 0.421 0.512 0.355 0.278 0.254 0.535 0.704 1.421 1.543 2.328 6.574 6.179
PDI 0.085 0.060 0.238 0.280 0.452 0.607 0.761
RRIN 0.078 0.076 0.116 0.118 0.138 0.135 0.132 0.128 0.189 0.164 0.379 0.385 0.417 1.500 3.600
Government subtotal 3.002 4.320 4.221 4.689 6.375 7.058 6.488 6.453 6.920 9.965 11.577 14.742 17.893 24.438 42.374 56.858
Subtotal universities 0.055 0.146 0.173 0.228 0.422 0.487 0.475 0.516 0.607 0.855 0.940 1.227 1.611 2.406 4.072 4.623
Total (current Nairas) 3.057 4.466 4.394 4.917 6.797 7.544 6.964 6.969 7.526 10.820 12.518 15.970 19.504 26.844 46.446 61.481
GDP Deflator 9.5 10.1 9.8 10.0 10.1 11.4 11.0 11.1 11.5 17.2 17.9 18.9 19.4 28.0 33.9 38.7
Total (1985 Nairas) 32.008 44.235 44.955 49.228 67.330 66.328 63.315 62.763 65.727 62.770 69.918 84.695 100.282 95.882 137.177 158.998
Total (1985 PPP$) 42.151 58.252 59.201 64.828 88.667 87.347 83.379 82.652 86.555 82.661 92.074 111.534 132.060 126.266 180.647 209.383
Source 904 904 904 268 268 155; 268 904 904 904 154 154 154 431 904 167 155; 167
904 589 904 589 904 904 617 617
904 904 904 904
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 51
Appendix 5b: Expenditure totals, 1961-91
Total Agricultural Research Expenditures Currency: million Nairas
Category Name institute 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Government CRIN 4.350 3.718 3.246 3.237 3.000 3.400 3.000 3.620 3.775 3.688 3.534 5.565 5.771 6.565 8.674 10.511
FFS
FIIR 0.902 1.773 1.870 1.936 1.911 1.741 1.762 1.700 1.400 1.600 1.400 2.745 4.078 4.784 5.402 8.123
FRIN 3.814 4.917 5.211 5.609 5.207 3.271 3.301 5.717 3.961 4.004 6.704 7.364 10.245 10.506 11.333 14.069
IAR 8.986 4.674 6.306 8.606 10.919 8.639 9.031 5.044 6.245 6.790 5.552 5.726 8.597 10.248 11.143 16.376
IAR&T 5.640 2.158 4.132 5.279 4.000 3.700 2.600 4.482 6.181 7.022 7.070 7.070 7.107 7.660 7.687 10.216
LCRI 1.988 2.254 2.026 2.370 4.000 4.530 2.765 2.680 2.231 2.842 2.714 3.702 5.078 6.161 8.261 8.165
LERIN 1.229 1.545 2.140 2.587 3.000 2.150 1.500 1.561 1.624 1.612 2.408 2.926 4.346 5.099 5.758 8.659
NACGRB 0.940 1.271 0.834 0.670 0.420 0.420 0.420
NAERLS 0.921 0.966 1.037 0.836 1.487 1.722 1.558 1.548 1.354 0.795 0.664 2.539 1.947 2.399 2.672 2.822
NAPRI 1.306 1.526 2.103 3.078 4.128 4.093 5.036 2.363 3.564 4.635 5.018 5.374 5.566 9.891 9.645 13.036
NCRI 13.200 5.900 8.000 6.400 11.860 10.190 10.480 8.040 5.446 3.193 3.768 3.472 5.304 6.849 5.849 15.618
NIFFR 3.304 1.408 2.862 3.601 4.247 3.663 4.596 4.373 3.695 2.730 3.032 4.644 4.907 11.426 11.621 18.774
NIFOR 4.910 5.458 3.906 5.171 10.358 9.363 9.169 8.041 6.607 5.330 5.723 9.447 17.788 16.686 24.665 32.286
NIHORT 3.017 1.785 2.223 1.947 3.051 4.124 4.473 4.299 3.647 3.775 4.111 6.558 6.769 7.533 8.766 14.487
NIOMR 2.763 2.980 2.150 3.048 4.000 4.800 3.800 3.722 3.148 2.404 3.937 5.740 8.511 8.116 9.404 13.414
NITR 3.125 2.319 1.194 2.503 4.000 3.500 3.000 3.100 3.800 3.200 3.500 5.307 6.571 7.709 8.124 13.526
NRCRI 3.147 5.791 5.247 10.058 11.047 8.103 9.783 5.015 5.419 6.119 7.081 11.034 12.006 12.774 16.560 19.517
NSPRI 0.973 1.208 2.834 3.690 4.500 4.550 3.000 3.167 2.897 2.417 2.415 5.097 5.181 8.271 10.138 11.752
NVRI 6.010 4.468 2.962 3.669 5.000 5.550 3.000 5.900 3.800 4.200 5.760 6.812 10.121 11.874 13.407 20.162
PDI 2.137 0.848 1.008 1.924 2.053 2.058 2.350 2.648 2.668 2.561 2.764 3.647 6.188 6.142 6.995 10.079
PRIN 1.100 2.450 2.260 2.133 3.000 3.255 3.500 3.445 2.912 2.199 2.727 5.758 5.783 8.268 8.420 11.010
Government subtotal (LCU) 72.824 58.145 62.717 77.684 100.767 92.401 87.703 80.464 74.376 72.058 81.150 111.362 142.531 169.383 196.088 273.023
Subtotal universities 5.458 4.436 4.873 5.895 8.607 7.997 8.932 9.057 9.828 10.138 11.333 16.606 22.007 26.459 37.822 55.527
Total (current Nairas) 78.282 62.581 67.590 83.579 109.374 100.398 96.636 89.521 84.203 82.196 92.483 127.969 164.538 195.842 233.910 328.550
GDP Deflator 42.8 48.7 54.3 61.9 68.0 70.2 82.6 96.1 100.0 99.3 148.2 180.1 267.6 313.9 354.5 533.0
Total (1985 Nairas) 182.974 128.533 124.579 134.979 160.877 143.065 116.959 93.163 84.203 82.812 62.398 71.051 61.494 62.384 65.990 61.637
Total (1985 PPP$) 240.957 169.264 164.057 177.753 211.858 188.401 154.023 122.686 110.887 109.054 82.171 93.566 80.981 82.154 86.902 81.169
Source 61 61 61 61 61; 167 61; 167 61; 167 61; 911 911 911 911 999 917 999 999 999
167 167 167 617 920 920 920 920 920 999 999 1309 999
617 617 617 1309 1309 1309 1309 1309 1309 1309 1309
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated. Since no reliable expenditure data were obtained from the universities, the university research expenditures were constructed by multiplying
the numbers of FTE university researchers with the average expenditure-per-researcher figures of the government research institutes.
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute
Institute: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 4 6.5 9 9.7 10.3 11 12.3 13.7 15
MSc 0 1.5 3 4.0 5.0 6 5.7 5.3 5
BSc 18 13.5 9 7.0 5.0 3 3.3 3.7 4
Subtotal 1.5 2.2 3.0 13.5 24 22 21.5 21 20.7 20.3 20 21.3 22.7 24 30.3 36.7
Expatriates 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6 5 3.5 2 1.7 1.3 1 0.7 0.3 0 0.0 0.0
Total 7.5 8.2 9 19.5 30 27 25.5 24 23.0 22.0 21 22.0 23.0 24 30.3 36.7
Source 653 268 286 285 279 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 11 7 7 7 7 7 10
MSc 12 22 20 20 20 17 10
BSc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subtotal 43 45.0 47.0 45 42 32 30 28 25.5 23 29 27 27 27 24 20
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 43 45.0 47.0 45 42 32 30 28 25.5 23 29 27 27 27 24 20
Source 157 617 86 86 86 86 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: Federal Institute of Industrial Research (FIIR)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 10
MSc 8
BSc 9
Subtotal 27
Expatriates 0
Total 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17 15.3 13.7 12 18 23 27 31 27 30.0 33.0
6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 7.7 6.8 6.0 9.0 11.5 13.5 15.5 13.5 15.0 16.5
Source 268 532 154 154 154 431 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 12
MSc 44
BSc 13
Subtotal 69
Expatriates 0
Total 36 41.7 47.3 53 54.1 55.3 56.4 57.6 58.7 59.9 61 69 69.0 69.0 69.0 69.0
18.0 20.8 23.7 26.5 27.1 27.6 28.2 28.8 29.4 29.9 30.5 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5
Source 157 617 911 911
Institute: Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0.0 0 2
MSc 1 2.5 4 12
BSc 8 9.0 10 44
Subtotal 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8 9 12.0 15 21.7 14.3 26.0 35.7 37.3 58 59.0 60
Expatriates 8.7 10.0 11.3 12.7 14 15 13.0 11 10.3 9.7 9.0 8.3 7.7 7 7.0 7
Total 12.7 15.0 17.3 19.7 22 24 25.0 26 32 24 35 44 45 65 66.0 67
Source 268 286 285 532 154 154 154 431 244 154
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 15 12 12 14 19 16 16 13
MSc 13 43 52 45 39 39 43 42
BSc 36 20 9 8 5 3 2 1
Subtotal 51 60.3 69.7 79.0 82.7 83.3 83.0 78.7 77.3 75 73 67 63 58 61 56
Expatriates 6 5.3 4.7 4.0 3.3 2.7 2.0 1.3 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 57 65.7 74.3 83 86 86 85 80 78 75 73 67 63 58 61 56
Source 243 86 86 86 86 86 922 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Note: Italicized figures represent data that is either constructed or interpolated.
52 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0.8 0 0.0 0 0.8 1.6 2.5 3.3 9.1 14.8 19.0 23.1 28.9
MSc 0.8 1.6 1.2 0.8 2.1 3.3 4.5 5.8 12.0 18.2 20.2 22.3 24.8
BSc 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.7 6.6 7.0 7.4 8.2 9.1 9.9
Subtotal 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 3.7 5.8 10.7 15.7 28.0 40.4 47.4 54.4 63.5
Expatriates 34.8 40.2 31.8 23.9 32.2 31.8 31.4 34.2 37.1 35.5 33.8 42.1 50.3 45.8 41.2 43.7
Total 34.8 41.2 33.8 26.4 33.8 33.4 33.0 38.0 42.9 46.2 49.5 70.1 90.8 93.2 95.7 107.2
Source 908 653 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 912
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 34.6 37.1 39.6 46.2 52.8 58.2 63.5 61.9 60.2 46 46 43 44 41 42 42
MSc 23.1 27.2 31.4 23.9 16.5 24.3 32.2 35.5 38.8 25 26 25 31 27 26 28
BSc 1.6 2.9 4.1 7.8 11.6 12.0 12.4 8.7 5.0 14 9 12 9 11 12 14
Subtotal 59.4 67.2 75.1 78.0 80.9 94.5 108.1 106.0 104.0 85 81 80 84 79 80 84
Expatriates 34.6 26.4 18.2 13.2 8.2 9.1 9.9 7.4 5.0 15 6 6 5 4 5 5
Total 94.0 93.6 93.2 91.2 89.1 103.5 118.0 113.4 108.9 100 87 86 89 83 85 89
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (&T)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 2 2.7 3.3 4 19 13
MSc 2 6.3 10.7 15 16 9
BSc 3 4.7 6.3 8 4 1
Subtotal 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 7 13.7 20.3 27 17.4 22.8 28.2 33.6 39 40 23 38.0
Expatriates 8.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10 7.7 5.3 3 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.4 1 1 1 1.0
Total 9.0 11.0 13 15.0 17 21.3 25.7 30 20 25.0 30.0 35.0 40 41 24 39
Source 653 286 285 532 1000 244 1000 95
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 27 32 30 28 29.0 30 25 28 31 29 24 24 26
MSc 10 15 8 8 7.5 7 8 11 11 11 10 5 3
BSc 1 1 0 1 0.5 0 1 2 2 0 6 8 5
Subtotal 37.0 37.5 38 48 38 40.0 37 37.0 37 34 41 44 40 40 37 34
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 37 37.5 38 48 38 40 37 37.0 37 34 41 44 40 40 37 34
Source 157 1000 909 1000 27 1000 1000 999 999 999 1000 999 999 999
Institute: Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 3.0
Expatriates 0.0
Total 3
Source 95
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 0 1 1 1 2 2 2
MSc 10 11 11 11 11 11 11
BSc 0 0 5 5 5 5 5
Subtotal 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 20.0 16.7 13.3 10 12 17 17 18 18 18
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 20.0 20.0 20.0 20 30 30 20 16.7 13.3 10 12 17 17 18 18 18
Source 157 162 86 86 17 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 53
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Leather Research Institute of Nigeria (LERIN)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 7.0
Expatriates 0.0
Total 7.0
Source
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 7.0 10.3 13.7 17.0 14.0 18.0 19.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 7 10.3 13.7 17 14 18 19 17 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
Source 157 617 86 86 86 86
Institute: National Agricultural Extension-Research Liaison Service (NAERLS)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 1.0
MSc 6 7.5
BSc 4 3.0
Subtotal 10 11.5
Expatriates 0 0.5
Total 10 12.0
7.0 8.4
Source 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 1.5 1 2.0 3 4.0 5 5.5 6 9 9 9 8 8 7 8
MSc 9 10.0 11 11.5 12 13.5 15 14.5 14 8 8 13 13 28 32 21
BSc 2 1.5 1 3.5 6 8.5 11 9.5 8 5 5 6 9 28 23 14
Subtotal 13 13.0 13 17.0 21 26.0 31 29.5 28 22 22 28 30 64 62 43
Expatriates 1 1.0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2.5 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
Total 14 14.0 14 18.5 23 28.5 34 32.0 30 22 22 29 31 65 63 43
9.8 9.8 9.8 13.0 16.1 20.0 23.8 22.4 21.0 15.4 15.4 20.3 15.5 32.5 31.5 21.5
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 24.0
Expatriates 1.0
Total 25
Source 95
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 17 17 17 18 18 18 21
MSc 28 33 16 18 28 37 37
BSc 4 4 4 4 4 3 3
Subtotal 29.0 34.7 40.3 46.0 47.5 49.0 54.5 60 54.5 49 54 37 40 50 58 61
Expatriates 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 3.0 5 3 1 1 1 1 1
Total 30 35.7 41.3 47 48.5 50 55.5 61 57.5 54 57 38 41 51 59 62
Source 157 162 27 86 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
54 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 2 1 3.0 5 6.0 7.0 8 10.7 13.3 16
MSc 4 5 9.0 13 13.7 14.3 15 18.3 21.7 25
5 1 11.0 21 23.0 25.0 27 30.7 34.3 38
Subtotal 5.0 7.0 9.0 10.0 11 7 23.0 39 42.7 46.3 50 59.7 69.3 79 105.7 132.3
Expatriates 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.0 5 8 6.0 4 4.0 4.0 4 4.0 4.0 4 2.7 1.3
Total 15.0 17.0 19 17.0 16 15 29.0 43 46.7 50.3 54 63.7 73.3 83 108.3 133.7
Source 653 286 268 285 279 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 25 12 9 11 11 15 15 15 14
MSc 59 45 33 27 28 28 38 41 36
BSc 13 3 5 6 7 8 9 6 11
Subtotal 159 152.5 146 127 112 104.5 97 77 60 47 44 46 51 62 62 61
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Total 159 152.5 146 127 112 104.5 97 77 62 48 45 46 51 62 62 61
Source 157 61 61 61 162 61 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) (formerly KLRI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0 0.0 0.0
MSc 0 8 7.3 6.7
BSc 0 7 6.0 5.0
Subtotal 0 2.4 4.8 7.2 9.6 12.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 15 13.3 11.7
Expatriates 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0.0 0.0
Total 1 3.4 5.8 8.2 10.6 13 12 13 14.0 15 13.3 11.7
Source 268 154 154 154 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 0 1.3 2.7 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
MSc 6 6.3 6.7 7 16 16 22 22 22 22 22
BSc 4 6.7 9.3 12 16 16 10 10 10 10 10
Subtotal 10 14.3 18.7 23 28 27 34 34 35.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 10 14.3 18.7 23 28 27 34 34 35.5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
Source 243 242 86 86 86 86 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: National Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1
MSc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 4
BSc 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 4
Subtotal 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 6 7.5 9 14.0 19.0 23.0 25.0 26.0 31.5 37 42.5
Expatriates 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5 3 1.5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 11.0 10.0 9 8.0 7 9 9.0 9 14.0 19 23 25 26 31.5 37 42.5
Source 653 286 268 285 154 154 154 431
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 22 24 27 32 32 31 28 30 27
MSc 32 38 38 29 30 26 29 26 20
BSc 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 3
Subtotal 48 54.7 61.3 68 74 71 69 56 65 68 62 64 58 59 58 50
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 48 54.7 61.3 68 74 71 69 56 65 68 62 64 58 59 58 50
Source 157 162 86 86 86 918 919 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 55
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: National Institute for Horticultural Research (NIHORT)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 20.0 23.4
Expatriates 0.0 0.0
Total 20.0 23.4
Source
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 13 5 7 7 7 9 8 8 8
MSc 16 12 14 18 29 36 37 26 30
BSc 8 4 4 7 7 6 6 4 3
Subtotal 26.8 30.2 33.6 37 38.3 39.7 41.0 42 21 25 32 43 51 51 38 41
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Total 26.8 30.2 33.6 37 38.3 39.7 41 42 21 27 34 45 53 53 40 43
Source 1309 17 86 86 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 12.0 14.0
Expatriates 0.0 0.0
Total 12.0 14.0
Source
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 7 7 8 7 10 11 11
MSc 37 37 34 35 38 40 42
BSc 7 6 5 6 2 2 7
Subtotal 33.0 37.3 41.7 46.0 34.0 42.0 51.0 64.0 57.5 51 50 47 48 50 53 60
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 33 37.3 41.7 46 34 42 51 64 57.5 51 50 47 48 50 53 60
Source 157 162 86 86 86 86 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 3 4
MSc 2 7
BSc 2 7
Subtotal 0.0 0.7 1.4 7.1 12.9 9.6 8.3 7 7.3 8.7 15.0 17.3 17.7 18 19.7 21.3
Expatriates 7.0 6.3 5.6 4.9 4.1 3.4 2.7 2 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.3 0 0.0 0.0
Total 7.0 7.0 7 12.0 17 13 11.0 9 9 10 16 18 18.0 18 19.7 21.3
Source 653 268 268 285 532 154 154 154 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 13 6 6 6 5 5 5 5
MSc 15 16 15 12 17 16 16
BSc 15 16 15 13 8 7 10
Subtotal 23.0 28.7 34.3 40.0 29.0 35.0 43 44.0 40.0 36 38 36 30 30 28 31
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 23 28.7 34.3 40 29 35 43 44 40.5 37 38 36 30 30 28 31
Source 157 162 86 86 162 86 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
56 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 1 2 2
MSc 2 4 2
BSc 5 24 16
Subtotal 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8 18 21.2 24.5 27.8 31 30 35 27.5 20 29.5 39
Expatriates 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 10 7.5 5.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0
Total 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10 28 28.8 29.5 30.2 31 30 35 27.5 20 29.5 39
Source 286 268 532 285 154 244 61
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 21 19 19 19 19 18 21
MSc 22 29 21 22 20 25 19
BSc 2 15 3 3 3 2 2
Subtotal 55.0 60.0 64.0 65.0 55.0 75.0 75.0 62.0 49.0 45 63 43 44 42 45 42
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 55 60 64 65 55 75 75 62 49 45 63 43 44 42 45 42
Source 61 61 61 86 86 86 86 86 86 925 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute ()
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
MSc 0 1 2 2.0 2.0
BSc 2 6 9 9.0 9.0
Subtotal 0.5 0.8 1.0 2.5 4 4 3.0 2 6.7 4.3 7 8.3 7.7 11 11.0 11.0
Expatriates 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4 4 4.5 5 4.3 3.7 3 2.7 2.3 2 2.0 2.0
Total 4.5 4.8 5 6.5 8 8 7.5 7 11 8 10 11 10 13 13.0 13.0
Source 653 268 268 634 532 154 279 154 431 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 0 5 6 6
MSc 2 18 27 29
BSc 9 3 2 2
Subtotal 11 13.3 15.7 18 19.3 20.7 22.0 23.3 24.7 26 30.0 34 35 39 38.0 37
Expatriates 2 1.3 0.7 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 13 14.7 16.3 18 19.3 20.7 22.0 23.3 24.7 26 30.0 34 35 39 38.0 37
Source 243 86 925 911 917 ?? 999
Institute: National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 1 0.5 0 0 1.0 2.0 3
MSc 3 3.0 3 10 9.3 8.7 8
BSc 5 4.0 3 5 5.7 6.3 7
Subtotal 2.0 3.5 5.0 6.5 8 9 7.5 6 7.7 17.3 15 16.0 17.0 18 50.0 60.0
Expatriates 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8 8 7.5 7 5.3 3.7 2 2.3 2.7 3 0.0 0.0
Total 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16 17 15.0 13 13 21 17 18.3 19.7 21 50.0 60
Source 268 286 285 532 154 279 244 95
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 5 9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
MSc 29 46 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0
BSc 23 18 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0
Subtotal 57 57.0 57.0 57 66.0 82.0 93.0 95.0 88.3 81.7 75.0 73 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 57 57.0 57.0 57 66 82 93 95 88.3 81.7 75 73 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0
Source 157 242 86 86 86 86 911 911
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 57
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Project Development Institute (PDI)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD
MSc
BSc
Subtotal 13.0 12.0 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 13 12 13 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0
6.5 6.0 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.5
Source 154 154 154
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
MSc 6 6 9 12 14 22 22
BSc 34 30 41 38 35 23 18
Subtotal 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 21.2 25.3 29.5 33.7 37.8 42 37 51 51 50 46 41
Expatriates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 15.5 16.0 16.5 17 21.2 25.3 29.5 33.7 37.8 42 37 51 51 50 46 41
7.8 8.0 8.2 8.5 10.6 12.7 14.8 16.8 18.9 21.0 18.5 25.5 25.5 25.0 23.0 20.5
Source 617 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 1 1
MSc 1 0
BSc 3 3
Subtotal 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3 4 5 5.0 5.0 4 10.7 17.3
Expatriates 1.0 1.0 2.0 2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 2 2 2.0 1.0 0 0.0 0.0
Total 2.0 2.0 3.0 3 3.5 4.0 4.5 5 6 7 7 6 4 10.7 17.3
Source 268 532 154 279 154 431 244
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 6 5.5 5 5.2 5.5 5.8 6 7 7 6 6 5 5
MSc 5 7.5 10 9.5 9.0 8.5 8 11 10 15 15 18 15
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 2 1 1 1 0 0
Subtotal 24 19.7 15.3 11 13.0 15 15.2 15.5 15.8 16 20 18 22 22 23 20
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 24 19.7 15.3 11 13.0 15 15.2 15.5 15.8 16 20 18 22 22 23 20
Source 157 242 910 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
Institute: Federal Fisheries Service (FFS)
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0.0 0.0 0 0
MSc 0 0.0 0.0 0 2
BSc 6 6.7 7.3 8 18
Subtotal 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6 6.7 7.3 8 8.3 9.7 14.0 16.3 18.2 20
Expatriates 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 2.0 2.0 2 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.3 0
Total 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8 8.7 9.3 10 10 11 15 17 18.5 20
Source 286 285 532 154 154 154 244
Institute: National Center  for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRB)
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
MSc 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
BSc 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Subtotal 3 3 3 3 3 2 2
Expatriates 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Total 4 4 4 3 3 2 2
Source 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
58 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 3.0 3 3.0 3 9 8.0 7 11.5 16 20.5 25 29.0 33 44.5 56 60.0
MSc 0 0 1.0 2 4 4.5 5 9.0 13 13.0 13 11.5 10 9.0 8 6.0
BSc 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 2 4.0 6 4.5 3 4.0 5 7.0 9 8.0
Subtotal 3.0 3 4.0 5 13 13.5 14 24.5 35 38.0 41 44.5 48 60.5 73 74.0
Expatriates 7.0 8 10.5 13 15 13.5 12 10.5 9 11.5 14 16.5 19 18.0 17 15.5
Total 10.0 11 14.5 18 28 27.0 26 35.0 44 49.5 55 61.0 67 78.5 90 89.5
FTE Researchers 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.7 4.2 4.0 3.9 5.2 6.6 7.4 8.2 9.2 10.0 11.8 13.5 13.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 64 70.0 76 80.0 84 83.0 82 87.0 92 91.7 91.3 91 94 92.0 90 90.0
MSc 4 6.5 9 10.5 12 13.0 14 16.5 19 19.7 20.3 21 17 17.5 18 18.0
BSc 7 6.5 6 4.0 2 1.5 1 1.5 2 2.0 2.0 2 3 2.5 2 2.0
Subtotal 75 83.0 91 94.5 98 97.5 97 105.0 113 113.3 113.7 114 114 112.0 110 110.0
Expatriates 14 14.5 15 12.0 9 9.0 9 11.0 13 11.7 10.3 9 5 5.0 5 5.0
Total 89 97.5 106 106.5 107 106.5 106 116.0 126 125.0 124.0 123 119 117.0 115 115.0
FTE Researchers 13.4 14.6 15.9 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.9 17.4 18.9 18.8 18.6 18.4 17.8 17.6 17.2 17.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2 2 4 6 7 8 11.5
MSc 0 0 0 0 1.5 3 3.5 4 7.5 11 16 21 21.5
BSc 1 2 1.5 1 2.0 3 3.5 4 2.5 1 1.5 2 1.5
Subtotal 1 2 2.0 2 5.0 8 9.0 10 14.0 18 24.5 31 34.5
Expatriates 4 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5.5
Total — — — 5 6 5.5 5 7.5 10 12 14 18 22 28.5 35 40.0
FTE Researchers 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.3 5.2 6.0
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 15 17.0 19 16.5 14 16.0 18 21.5 25 24.7 24.3 24 41 38.5 36 36.0
MSc 22 28.5 35 41.0 47 46.0 45 45.0 45 43.3 41.7 40 24 24.5 25 25.0
BSc 1 1.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 38 46.5 55 58.0 61 62.0 63 66.5 70 68.0 66.0 64 65 63.0 61 61.0
Expatriates 7 6.5 6 3.5 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.3 1.7 2 1 0.5 0 0.0
Total 45 53.0 61 61.5 62 63.0 64 67.5 71 69.3 67.7 66 66 63.5 61 61.0
FTE Researchers 6.8 8.0 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.6 10.1 10.6 10.4 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.2 9.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), University of Ibadan
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0.0 0 0.3 0.7 1 1.5 2 3.5 5 5.0 5 12.5 20 26.0 32 28.5
MSc 1.3 2 2.3 2.7 3 3 3 3.5 4 5.5 7 9.0 11 9.0 7 4.5
BSc 1.0 1 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0.5 1 2.0 3 2.0 1 2.0 3 2.5
Subtotal 2.3 3 3.3 3.7 4 4.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 23.5 32 37.0 42 35.5
Expatriates 4.0 4 4.3 4.7 5 7 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 5.5 4 3.5 3 2.5
Total 6.3 7 7.7 8.3 9 11.5 14 16.0 18 20.0 22 29.0 36 40.5 45 38.0
FTE Researchers 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.1 6.8 5.7
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 25
MSc 2
BSc 2
Subtotal 29
Expatriates 2
Total 31 38.4 45.8 53.1 60.5 67.9 75.2 82.6 90 90.2 90.3 90.5 90.7 90.8 91 91.0
FTE Researchers 4.6 5.8 6.9 8.0 9.1 10.2 11.3 12.4 13.5 13.5 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6
Source 1000 890 1016
Note: Italicized figures represent data that are either constructed or interpolated.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 59
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0.5 1 0 0.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.9 3.2 4.0 4.9 2.1
MSc 0 0.0 0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.2 2.5 3.8 4.3 4.7 5.2
BSc 0 0.0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 6.1
Subtotal 0 0.5 1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.2 2.3 3.3 5.9 8.6 10.1 11.6 13.5
Expatriates 2 2.0 2 6.8 6.7 6.6 7.3 7.9 7.5 7.2 8.9 10.7 9.7 8.8 9.3
Total 2 2.5 3 7.2 7.1 7.0 8.0 9.1 9.8 10.5 14.9 19.2 19.8 20.3 22.8
FTE Researchers 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 912
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 7.4 7.9 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.3 13.5 13.1 12.8 9.5 12.4 7.5 7.4 7.9 4.4 4.4
MSc 4.9 5.8 6.6 5.1 3.5 5.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 5.2 7.0 4.4 5.2 5.2 2.8 3.0
BSc 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.0 2.9 2.4 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.5
Subtotal 12.6 14.3 15.9 16.5 17.2 20.0 22.9 22.5 22.0 17.6 21.8 14.0 14.2 15.2 8.5 8.9
Expatriates 7.4 5.6 3.8 2.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.6 1.0 3.1 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5
Total 20.0 19.9 19.8 19.3 18.9 22.0 25.0 24.1 23.1 20.7 23.4 15.0 15.0 16.0 9.0 9.4
FTE Researchers 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.3 1.9
Source 1000 1000 162 1000 1000 1000 999/ 999/ 999/ 999/ 999/ 999/ 999/
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 1.0 1 3.0 5 11.5
MSc 0 1.5 3 6.0 9 14.5 20 20.5 21 23.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.5
Subtotal 0 1.5 3 7.0 11 16.5 22 24.5 27 35.0
Expatriates 9 11.0 13 13.0 13 12.0 11 11.5 12 8.5
Total — — — — — — 9 12.5 16 20.0 24 28.5 33 36.0 39 43.5
FTE Researchers 1.8 2.5 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.7 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.7
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 18 19.0 20 21.0 22 22.5 23 23.0 23 24.0 25.0 26 26 24.0 22 22.0
MSc 25 29.0 33 31.5 30 32.5 35 36.0 37 35.0 33.0 31 40 37.5 35 35.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 1.0 1.0 1 1 2.5 4 4.0
Subtotal 43 48.0 53 52.5 52 55.0 58 59.5 61 60.0 59.0 58 67 64.0 61 61.0
Expatriates 5 4.0 3 2.5 2 2.5 3 2.5 2 1.7 1.3 1 2 1.0 0 0.0
Total 48 52.0 56 55.0 54 57.5 61 62.0 63 61.7 60.3 59 69 65.0 61 61.0
FTE Researchers 9.6 10.4 11.2 11.0 10.8 11.5 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.3 12.1 11.8 13.8 13.0 15.2 15.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0.5
MSc 0 1.5
BSc 1 1.0
Subtotal 1 3.0
Expatriates 3 2.5
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4 5.5
FTE Researchers 0.4 0.6
Source 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 1 2.0 3 5.0 7 7.5 8 4.5 1 1.0 1.0 1 3 3.5 4 4.0
MSc 3 2.5 2 3.5 5 5.0 5 4.5 4 4.3 4.7 5 3 6.0 9 9.0
BSc 1 1.5 2 1.5 1 2.0 3 3.0 3 2.0 1.0 0 0 1.0 2 2.0
Subtotal 5 6.0 7 10.0 13 14.5 16 12.0 8 7.3 6.7 6 6 10.5 15 15.0
Expatriates 2 2.0 2 1.5 1 1.0 1 1.5 2 2.0 2.0 2 3 1.5 0 0.0
Total 7 8.0 9 11.5 14 15.5 17 13.5 10 9.3 8.7 8 9 12.0 15 15.0
FTE Researchers 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.5
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
60 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 3 4.0 5 7 7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7 11.0 15 21.0 27 30.0
MSc 2 2.0 2 3 3 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.2 7 6.5 6 6.5 7 9.0
BSc 1 0.5 0 0 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 7.0 11 11.5 12 12.0
Subtotal 6 6.5 7 10 10 11.4 12.8 14.2 15.6 17 24.5 32 39.0 46 51.0
Expatriates 4 7.0 10 5 10 8.4 6.8 5.2 3.6 2 2.0 2 3.0 4 2.5
Total 10 13.5 17 15 20 19.8 19.6 19.4 19.2 19 26.5 34 42.0 50 53.5
FTE Researchers 1.5 2.0 2.6 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.3 7.5 8.0
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 33 34.0 35 37.0 39 42.5 46 46.5 47 46.3 45.7 45 42 40.0 38 38.0
MSc 11 8.0 5 4.5 4 4.0 4 4.5 5 5.0 5.0 5 7 6.5 6 6.0
BSc 12 6.0 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Subtotal 56 48.0 40 41.5 43 47.0 51 51.5 52 51.3 50.7 50 49 46.5 44 44.0
Expatriates 1 1.5 2 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 49.5 42 42.5 43 47.0 51 51.5 52 51.3 50.7 50 49 46.5 44 44.0
FTE Researchers 8.5 7.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 7.0 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.6
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 2.0 3 4.0
MSc 3 3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 2.5 3 6.0 9 10.5
BSc 3 3 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.4 1 2.0 3 1.5 0 2.0
Subtotal 6 6 5.4 4.8 4.2 3.6 3 5.0 7 9.5 12 16.5
Expatriates 3 3 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 0 0.5 1 4.5 8 8.0
Total — — — — 9 9 7.8 6.6 5.4 4.2 3 5.5 8 14.0 20 24.5
FTE Researchers 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.8 4.0 4.9
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 5 7.0 9 9.5 10 11.0 12 13.0 14 13.0 12.0 11 13 12.5 12 12.0
MSc 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 17.0 20 20.5 21 20.3 19.7 19 18 19.0 20 20.0
BSc 4 4.5 5 4.0 3 2.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 21 24.0 27 27.0 27 30.0 33 34.0 35 33.3 31.7 30 31 31.5 32 32.0
Expatriates 8 8.0 8 6.5 5 5.5 6 5.5 5 4.3 3.7 3 2 1.5 1 1.0
Total 29 32.0 35 33.5 32 35.5 39 39.5 40 37.7 35.3 33 33 33.0 33 33.0
FTE Researchers 5.8 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 7.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.5 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.2 8.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.0 1 1.5 2 2.5
MSc 2 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0
BSc 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.0 4 3.0
Subtotal 2 2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 2.0 2 4.5 7 6.5
Expatriates 1 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.5
Total — — — — 3 3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 2.5 3 5.0 7 7.0
FTE Researchers 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 3 3.5 4 3.5 3 4.0 5 5.0 5 5.3 5.7 6 6 6.0 6 6.0
MSc 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.3 0.7 1 0 0.0 0 0.0
BSc 2 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 4.5 5 5.0 5 5.7 6.3 7 6 6.0 6 6.0
Expatriates 1 1.0 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.0 1 0.7 0.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 6.5 6 5.0 4 5.0 6 6.0 6 6.3 6.7 7 6 6.0 6 6.0
FTE Researchers 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 61
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 3 2 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 1 1.5 2 3.0 4 3.5
MSc 1 1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 2.5
BSc 0 3 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 4 6 5.2 4.6 4.0 3.9 2 2.0 2 3.5 5 6.0
Expatriates 6 9 7.2 5.9 4.9 4.0 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.0
Total — — — — 10 15 12.4 10.4 8.9 7.9 2 2.5 3 4.0 5 6.0
FTE Researchers 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 3 3.0 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 4.5 4 3.3 2.7 2 3 3.0 3 3.0
MSc 4 3.0 2 1.5 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.7 2.3 3 2 2.0 2 2.0
BSc 0 0.5 1 1.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 7 6.5 6 6.0 6 6.0 6 5.5 5 5.0 5.0 5 5 5.0 5 5.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 7 6.5 6 6.0 6 6.0 6 5.5 5 5.0 5.0 5 5 5.0 5 5.0
FTE Researchers 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Former Economic Development Institute (until 1984 or 1985).
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolo University
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Nationals
PhD 2 1.0 0 0 1.5 3 3.5 4 10.5 17 19.0 21 29.0 37 37.5
MSc 3 3.0 3 2 3.5 5 7.5 10 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.0 6 6.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 2.5 5 2.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 5 4.0 3 2 5.0 8 13.5 19 22.5 26 27.5 29 36.0 43 43.5
Expatriates 1 1.0 1 1 5.5 10 13.5 17 13.5 10 9.0 8 5.5 3 3.5
Total 6 5.0 4 3 10.5 18 27.0 36 36.0 36 36.5 37 41.5 46 47.0
FTE Researchers 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.8 2.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.6 4.7
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 38 40.5 43 44.5 46 46.0 46 49.5 53 51.5 50 48.5 47 46.0 45 45.0
MSc 6 8.5 11 8.0 5 6.0 7 12.5 18 17.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 44 49.0 54 52.5 51 52.5 54 62.5 71 69.0 67 66.0 65 64.5 64 64.0
Expatriates 4 3.0 2 3.0 4 4.0 4 4.5 5 5.0 5 3.5 2 1.5 1 1.0
Total 48 52.0 56 55.5 55 56.5 58 67.0 76 74.0 72 69.5 67 66.0 65 65.0
FTE Researchers 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.7 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.5
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Former University of Ife.
Institute: Centre for Rural Development and Cooperatives, University of Nigeria
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 1 1 1.0 1 1.0
MSc 2 1 1.0 1 1.0
BSc 0 1 1.0 1 1.0
Subtotal 3 3 3.0 3 3.0
Expatriates 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 3 3 3.0 3 3.0
FTE Researchers 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Source 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 12 14 13.5 13 13.0
MSc 6 6 10.5 15 15.0
BSc 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 18 20 24.0 28 28.0
Expatriates 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 18 20 24.0 28 28.0
FTE Researchers 1.8 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.4
Source 1000 1000 1000
62 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, Uamanu Danfodiyo University
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 1 1.3 1.7 2 5.0 8 8.5 9 8.7 8.3 8 5 5.3 5.7 6
MSc 0 0.7 1.3 2 3.5 5 6.0 7 9.0 11.0 13 13 14.3 15.7 17
BSc 0 1.0 2.0 3 2.5 2 3.5 5 6.0 7.0 8 4 5.7 7.3 9
Subtotal 1 3.0 5.0 7 11.0 15 18.0 21 23.7 26.3 29 22 25.3 28.7 32
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — 1 3.0 5.0 7 11.5 16 18.5 21 23.7 26.3 29 22 25.3 28.7 32
FTE Researchers 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Former University of Sokoto (until 1988)
Institute: Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Danfodiyo University
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 6 4.3 2.7 1 1 1.7 2.3 3
MSc 7 8.0 9.0 10 12 14.7 17.3 20
BSc 5 3.3 1.7 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Subtotal 18 15.7 13.3 11 13 16.3 19.7 23
Expatriates 1 0.7 0.3 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — — — — — — — — 19 16.3 13.7 11 13 16.3 19.7 23
FTE Researchers 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.3
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Former University of Sokoto (until 1988)
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 9 12.0 15 17.5 20 20.5 21 23.0 25 27.0 29 29.0 29 29.0
MSc 0 2.0 4 3.0 2 1.5 1 7.0 13 15.0 17 17.5 18 18.0
BSc 0 1.0 2 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 1.0 1 1.0
Subtotal 9 15.0 21 21.5 22 22.0 22 30.0 38 42.5 47 47.5 48 48.0
Expatriates 3 4.5 6 8.0 10 6.0 2 1.0 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.0
Total 12 19.5 27 29.5 32 28.0 24 31.0 38 43.0 48 48.0 48 48.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 2.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 11 10.0 9 9.5 10 8.5 7 7.5 8 8.0
MSc 6 6.0 6 11.5 17 21.5 26 28.0 30 30.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 17 16.0 15 21.0 27 30.0 33 35.5 38 38.0
Expatriates 1 2.0 3 2.5 2 2.0 2 2.0 2 2.0
Total — — — — — — 18 18.0 18 23.5 29 32.0 35 37.5 40 40.0
FTE Researchers 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.5 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.0
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 0 1.5 3 2.0 1 3.0 5 5.5 6 5.5 5 5.0
MSc 2 1.0 0 0.0 0 1.5 3 3.0 3 4.0 5 5.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 2 2.5 3 2.0 1 4.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.0
Expatriates 3 3.0 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — 5 5.5 6 4.5 3 6.0 9 9.0 9 9.5 10 10.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Food Science and Technology in 1979 part of Faculty of Agriculture
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 63
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 1 4.0 7 8.3 9.7 11 12 12.3 12.7 13
MSc 0 1.5 3 3.7 4.3 5 7 7.7 8.3 9
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.3 0.7 1
Subtotal 1 5.5 10 12.0 14.0 16 19 20.3 21.7 23
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — — — — — — 1 5.5 10 12.0 14.0 16 19 20.3 21.7 23
FTE Researchers 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Institute of Oceanography, University of Calabar
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 2.0 2.0 2 2 2.3 2.7 3
MSc 3 4.0 5.0 6 7 8.0 9.0 10
BSc 0 1.3 2.7 4 5 4.7 4.3 4
Subtotal 5 7.3 9.7 12 14 15.0 16.0 17
Expatriates 2 2.3 2.7 3 3 2.7 2.3 2
Total — — — — — — — — 7 9.7 12.3 15 17 17.7 18.3 19
FTE Researchers 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 5 7.0 9 10.3 11.7 13 12 13.7 15.3 17
MSc 0 2.5 5 6.0 7.0 8 8 9.0 10.0 11
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 1.0 1.0 1
Subtotal 5 9.5 14 16.3 18.7 21 21 23.7 26.3 29
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — — — — — — 5 9.5 14 16.3 18.7 21 21 23.7 26.3 29
FTE Researchers 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.4 4.0 5.8
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ilorin
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 3.0 4 4.0 4.0 4 4 3.7 3.3 3
MSc 0 1.0 2 2.3 2.7 3 3 3.7 4.3 5
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.7 0.3 0
Subtotal 2 4.0 6 6.3 6.7 7 8 8.0 8.0 8
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — — — — — — 2 4.0 6 6.3 6.7 7 8 8.0 8.0 8
FTE Researchers 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.6
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Sugar Research Institute, University of Ilorin
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 3.0 4 4.0 4 4.0 4.0 4 3 3.0 3.0 3
MSc 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 1.3 1.7 2 2 2.3 2.7 3
BSc 1 1.0 1 1.5 2 2.0 2.0 2 2 2.0 2.0 2
Subtotal 3 4.0 5 6.0 7 7.3 7.7 8 7 7.3 7.7 8
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — — — — 3 4.0 5 6.0 7 7.3 7.7 8 7 7.3 7.7 8
FTE Researchers 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.0 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.0
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, University of Port Harcourt
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 3 3 3.0 3.0 3
MSc 1 1 0.7 0.3 0
BSc 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Subtotal 4 4 3.7 3.3 3
Expatriates 1 0 0.0 0.0 0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 5 4 3.7 3.3 3
FTE Researchers 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
Source 1000 1000 1000
64 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akurde
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 13 15.7 18.3 21 22 21.0 20 20.0
MSc 6 6.7 7.3 8 8 10.0 12 12.0
BSc 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 19 22.3 25.7 29 30 31.0 32 32.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — N/A N/A N/A N/A 19 22.3 25.7 29 30 31.0 32 32.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 1.6 1.6
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 3 5 6.0 7 7.0
MSc 4 5 11.0 17 17.0
BSc 0 0 0.5 1 1.0
Subtotal 7 10 17.5 25 25.0
Expatriates 2 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 9 10 17.5 25 25.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0.9 1.0 1.8 2.5 2.5
Source 1000 1000 1000
Institute: School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 4 6.5 9 9.7 10.3 11 12 14.5 17 17.0
MSc 0 2.0 4 4.7 5.3 6 10 13.0 16 16.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 4 8.5 13 14.3 15.7 17 22 27.5 33 33.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — N/A N/A N/A 4 8.5 13 14.3 15.7 17 22 27.5 33 33.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 3.3 3.3
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Yola
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 0 2.0 4 4.0
MSc 1 1.0 1 1.0
BSc 4 6.0 8 8.0
Subtotal 5 9.0 13 13.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 5 9.0 13 13.0
FTE Researchers 0 0.0 0 0.0
Source 1000 1000
Institute: University of Agriculture, Abeokuto
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 38 38.0
MSc 28 28.0
BSc 0 0.0
Subtotal 66 66.0
Expatriates 3 3.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 40 51 60.0 69 69.0
FTE Researchers 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.4
Source 1000 1000 1000
Institute: University of Agriculture, Makurdi
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 7
MSc 2
BSc 0
Subtotal 9
Expatriates 1
Total 10 24.5 39.0 53.5 68 91.0 114 114.
0
FTE Researchers 0.8 2.0 3.2 4.4 5.6 9.8 14.0 14.0
Source 1000 1000 1000
Note: Established in 1988 out of the former Faculty of Agriculture of University of Jos.
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 65
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Bendel State University
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 20 19.3 18.7 18 22 21.5 21 21.0
MSc 14 19.3 24.7 30 45 47.0 49 49.0
BSc 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 34 38.7 43.3 48 67 68.5 70 70.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — 34 38.7 43.3 48 67 68.5 70 70.0
FTE Researchers 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Includes Depts. Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Mathematical Sciences and Physics. Dept. of Agriculture from 1989 onwards. FTE
adjusted for % of Dept. of Agriculture of total staff
Institute: College of Agricultural Sciences, Ogun State University
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 8 11.3 14.7 18 16 14.5 13 13.0
MSc 9 11.3 13.7 16 12 12.0 12 12.0
BSc 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 17 22.7 28.3 34 28 26.5 25 25.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — N/A N/A N/A 17 22.7 28.3 34 28 26.5 25 25.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University of Science and Technology
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 11 17.5 24 27.0 30 27.3 24.7 22 21 21.0 21 21.0
MSc 10 11.5 13 19.0 25 26.0 27.0 28 30 27.5 25 25.0
BSc 6 5.5 5 4.0 3 3.3 3.7 4 3 2.0 1 1.0
Subtotal 27 34.5 42 50.0 58 56.7 55.3 54 54 50.5 47 47.0
Expatriates 0 2.0 4 4.5 5 3.3 1.7 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — 27 36.5 46 54.5 63 60.0 57.0 54 54 50.5 47 47.0
FTE Researchers 2.7 3.6 4.6 5.4 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.1 9.4 9.4
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Rivers Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Rivers State University of Science and Technology
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 5 4.5 4 3.7 3.3 3 3 3.5 4 4.0
MSc 0 0.0 0 1.0 2.0 3 3 3.0 3 3.0
BSc 3 2.0 1 0.7 0.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 8 6.5 5 5.3 5.7 6 6 6.5 7 7.0
Expatriates 0 0.5 1 0.7 0.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — 8 7.0 6 6.0 6.0 6 6 6.5 7 7.0
FTE Researchers 8.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Institute: School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University of Technology
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 9 8.0 7 8.0 9.0 10 10 10.0 10 10.0
MSc 1 1.0 1 1.7 2.3 3 3 7.5 12 12.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 10 9.0 8 9.7 11.3 13 13 17.5 22 22.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — 10 9.0 8 9.7 11.3 13 13 17.5 22 22.0
FTE Researchers 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 2.2 2.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Data includes farm
66 Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria
Appendix 6: Research staff development by institute (contd.)
Institute: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Enugu State University of Technology
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 9 9 8.5 8 8.0
MSc 14 15 15.0 15 15.0
BSc 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 23 24 23.5 23 23.0
Expatriates 1 1 1.0 1 1.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 24 25 24.5 24 24.0
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.4 2.4
Source 1000 1000 1000
Note: Established in 1991 out of the headquarters and the Abakaliki and Enugu campuses of the Anambra State University of Technology.
Institute: Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikwe University
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 7 8.0 9 9.3 9.7 10 11 13.0 15 15.0
MSc 4 5.5 7 7.0 7.0 7 6 8.0 10 10.0
BSc 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 11 13.5 16 16.3 16.7 17 17 21.0 25 25.0
Expatriates 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — 11 13.5 16 16.3 16.7 17 17 21.0 25 25.0
FTE Researchers 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 1.2 1.2
Source 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Note: Established in 1991 out of the Awke and Nnewi campuses of the Anambra State University of Technology. Faculty moved from Enugu campus to
Awka campus in 1986/88.
Institute: Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine College, Imo State University
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 5 5 6.0 7 7.0
MSc 3 18 19.5 21 21.0
BSc 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Subtotal 8 23 25.5 28 28.0
Expatriates 0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 8 23 25.5 28 28.0
FTE Researchers 0.8 2.3 2.6 1.4 1.4
Source 1000 1000 1000
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 3 3.0
MSc 1 1.0
BSc 1 1.0
Subtotal 5 5.0
Expatriates 0 0.0
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — NA 5 5.0
FTE Researchers 0 0.2 0.2
Source 1000
Note: Established in 1991 and took over the programme of the disfunct University of Cross River State. Former Oyo State University of Technology.
Institute: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Nationals
PhD 2 8 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14
MSc 0 16 19.3 22.7 26.0 29.3 32.7 36
BSc 0 1 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 3
Subtotal 2 25 29.7 34.3 39.0 43.7 48.3 53
Expatriates 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1
Total — — — — — — — — 2 25 29.8 34.7 39.5 44.3 49.2 54
FTE Researchers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 2.7
Source 1000 1000 1000
Note: Established in 1991 and took over the programme of the disfunct University of Cross River State excluding zoology and fisheries
Statistical Brief No. 15: Nigeria 67

Other statistical briefs published in this series are:
1. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Rwanda, September 1993, by J.
Roseboom and P.G. Pardey.
2.* Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Niger, September 1993, by V. Mazzucato
and S. Ly.
3. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Malawi, September 1993, by J. Roseboom
and P.G. Pardey.
4. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Botswana, September 1993, by J.
Roseboom and P.G. Pardey.
5. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Kenya, November 1993, by J. Roseboom
and P.G. Pardey.
6. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Colombia, December 1993, by C.A.
Falconi and P.G. Pardey.
7. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Ethiopia, April 1994, by J. Roseboom, N.
Beintema, and P.G. Pardey.
8. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Ghana, April 1994, by J. Roseboom and
P.G. Pardey.
9.* Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Burkina Faso, April 1994, by V.
Mazzucato.
10.* Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Senegal, April 1994, by V. Mazzucato and
M.E.H. Ly.
11.* Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Mali, April 1994, by V. Mazzucato.
12.* Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Madagascar, June 1994, by J. Roseboom
and P.G. Pardey.
13. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Namibia, September 1994, by N.M.
Beintema, P.G. Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
14. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Cape Verde, December 1994, by N.M.
Beintema, P.G. Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
15. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Nigeria, December 1994, by J. Roseboom,
N.M. Beintema, P.G. Pardey, and E.O. Oyedipe.
16.* Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Côte d’Ivoire, December 1994, by J.
Roseboom and P.G. Pardey.
17. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Mauritius, January 1995, by N.M.
Beintema, P.G. Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
18. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Lesotho, January 1995, by N.M.
Beintema, P.G. Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
19. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Swaziland, February 1995, by N.M.
Beintema, P.G. Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
20. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Zimbabwe, March 1995, by J. Roseboom,
P.G. Pardey, N.M. Beintema, and G.D. Mudimu.
21. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Zambia, August 1995, by J. Roseboom
and P.G. Pardey.
22. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Sudan, August 1995, by N.M Beintema,
P.G. Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
23. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of South Africa, September 1995, by J.
Roseboom, P.G. Pardey, H. Satorius von Bach, and J. van Zyl.
24. Statistical Brief on the National Agricultural Research System of Togo, May 1996, by N.M. Beintema, P.G.
Pardey, and J. Roseboom.
* Also available in French.