2011 ANNUALREPORT Sustainable agriculture for food and nutrition security CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 SUSTAINABILITY Landscapes for People, Food & Nature 3 Traditional Diversity to Reduce Pest and Disease Damage 4 Sustaining Resources in African Forests 4 NUTRITION Grand Challenges Explorations 7 Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition 8 2011-2021 Nutrition Strategy Launched 8 LIVELIHOODS Traditional Crops Back to Market 11 A Taste of Success for Cocoa 12 Improving Livelihoods on Farm 13 CONSERVATION Guatemalan Atlas of Crop Wild Relatives 15 Marking 10 years of the International Treaty 16 Slash-and-burn Effects on Diversity 16 TOOLS & CAPACITY BUILDING 18 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS 22 FINANCE REPORT 2011 24 PARTNERSHIPS FOR CHANGE 26 SUPPORTERS 28 BOARD OF TRUSTEES 30 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES 32 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 36 THE YEAR AHEAD 37 Download this report at: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/AR11 FOREWORD OUR OFFICES AROUND THE WORLD This past year represented a turning point for agricultural biodiversity, with increasing recognition of its value to help provide a food secure future in a sustainable way. • Major programme and regional offices Following the International Year of Biodiversity in 2010, we celebrated the launch • Other regional offices of the UN Decade on Biodiversity (2011-2021). This year also saw the initiation of the preparation for the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development, a key step in laying the foundation for the next set of Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, CGIAR, a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future, completed its reform process in 2011 and formulated 15 CGIAR Research Programs to implement its Strategy and Results Framework. Our organization played an active role in the formulation of nine programmes and contributed its expertise and long experience to ensure that the role of agricultural biodiversity in achieving the CGIAR system-level outcomes was appropriately reflected in these new research programs. These key influencing events in 2011, along with the increasing realization worldwide Heverlee, Belgium that past models of agricultural intensification are not sustainable, have prompted Montpellier, France Tashkent, Uzbekistan us to revisit our own mission and develop a more sharply focused strategy that Beijing, China will guide us during the decade to come. Working with our partners and donors, Bioversity HQ, Rome, Italy we have developed a new set of strategic priorities and a new research agenda to help achieve our vision of a world in which smallholder farming communities New Delhi, India in developing countries are thriving and sustainable. As a result, we also revisited Turrialba, Costa Rica Cotonou, Benin Los Baños, Philippines our structure and created five distinct and innovative research programmes. These ensure that Bioversity International is an excellent investment and world-class Kampala, Uganda Serdang, Malaysia partner for supporters and users of our knowledge and research. Cali, Colombia Yaounde, Cameroon Nairobi, Kenya Bujumbura, Burundi While our strategy development was in progress, we continued to make important research strides in using and conserving agricultural biodiversity for livelihoods, sustainability and nutrition. Working with smallholder farmers and partners, our scientists provide novel research ideas and practical solutions. Throughout the pages of this report, you will find examples of Bioversity International’s work with partners and stakeholders from Africa to Asia to the Americas. As we reflect on the year and what lies ahead, it is clear that biodiversity is a critical entry point to a host of issues that need solutions. Agricultural biodiversity has the potential to benefit millions and complement other approaches to agriculture. It can play a central role in meeting global challenges and transform agricultural systems, but it has too often and for too long been neglected by research and development agendas. This must change, as agricultural biodiversity is a powerful resource to help our world. We encourage you to read this report and to share it widely. With your help and engagement, we can make a lasting impact in research to achieve better nutrition, improve smallholders’ livelihoods and enhance agricultural sustainability while conserving the plant genetic diversity upon which they depend. Thank you for your continued support of our efforts. Emile Frison Paul Zuckerman 1 Director General Board Chair SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY Landscapes for A new approach is required to reduce, or reverse, the negative impacts of our food production systems on the environment, which are contributing to land degradation, pollution and the loss of biodiversity People, Food & Nature and ecosystem services on which we all depend. “A landscape is a human construct. Many of the 2 billion smallholders who live in developing countries are adversely affected by climate It is not nature as it was handed to us but the result of interaction between change—drought, erratic weather and increased outbreaks of crop pests and diseases. Through people and nature. We have worked on our work with these farmers, research partners and conservation agencies, Bioversity International many individual crops, looking at how contributes to global understanding about the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity. This they contribute traits and resilience to resource can increase the productivity, resilience and sustainability of small-scale food production agriculture, but increasingly we see that systems and has potential for development. a lot of the value comes when these elements of biodiversity are inserted into a landscape,” says Bioversity International Highlights from 2011 include a global effort to support scaled-up approaches to sustainability, Senior Scientist Pablo Eyzaguirre. research on using agricultural biodiversity to minimize pest and disease damage, and work with local communities in the forests of Mozambique. Finding solutions that simultaneously meet the challenges of biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, food security and poverty reduction is no easy task. A clear example is trying to find synergies between conservation and food production needs. A landscape approach is one that tries to address these different types of demands at the same time. Smallholder farmers, policymakers, food companies, conservation agencies and grassroots organizations are already adopting innovative integrated approaches, although on a small scale. So far these have received little recognition from policymakers or investors, but a 3-year multi-stakeholder collaboration to scale up sustainable rural development, launched in 2011, hopes to change this. The 'Landscapes for People, Food and Nature Initiative' will support the scaling up of sustainable landscape management approaches in over 60 biodiversity hotspots. Partners representing over 120 organizations, including policymakers, donors, NGOs, farmers, research centres and conservation agencies, are tasked with gathering evidence and making this knowledge widely accessible to policymakers. Bioversity International is a co-organizer of this initiative led by Ecoagriculture Partners. Multidisciplinary teams have already started work to synthesize current evidence as part of the partnership’s global review: a set of key questions whose answers are critical for setting the standards for agriculture in the 21st century. 3 For example, what is the contribution SUSTAINABILITY of varieties grown and the area planted species that are important to them, to see with each variety. These two crops are if the use of the trees is placing them under significant to Ugandan farmers—banana threat and if sustainable alternatives are of ecologically intensifying agricultural and the common bean are the most needed. systems to food and ecosystem service important sources of carbohydrates in production? Can we produce more food Uganda, with more than 7 million people About 40,000 people live in the reserve with less, by focusing on intensifying depending on them for daily meals. using trees for many purposes: fuel ecological processes rather than relying wood for home cooking and charcoal largely on external inputs, such as “The project showed that using diversity can production for sale, food, medicine, timber chemicals and excessive water use? help minimize risk. For example, farmers in for construction and sale, material for Can we make agricultural systems Uganda who grow diverse sets of varieties carving cultural objects, fishing rods, and multifunctional—producing both food and of bananas and common beans lose less talismans. People here live in poverty— ecosystem services? of their harvest when the incidence of the on average they earn about US$ 35 per pest or disease is high. But, having enough year—and depend on the trees for food diversity in a farmer's production system is and income, especially at times of food Traditional Diversity not enough on its own. Success depends shortage when they eat the fruit and edible on farmers and the farming community leaves. Trees are also a source of honey, the having the knowledge and leadership sale of which is the main source of income to Reduce Pest and capacity to evaluate the benefits that using for many people. Yet the practices that this diversity gives to them. This, in turn, people use, for example, cutting trees for Disease Damage means that local, national and international honey collection, are placing the resources agencies take an active role in strengthening that they need under threat. Pests and diseases cause an estimated local institutions to enable farmers to take 27% worldwide loss to annual harvests, a greater role in the management of their The first year’s fieldwork consisted of a loss that can have devastating impacts genetic resources,” says Devra Jarvis, conducting interviews in communities on income and food for poor smallholder Senior Scientist at Bioversity International. in the reserve to understand people’s farming households. dependence on and their use of forest resources. One resource available to smallholder farmers to minimize the risk of pest and Sustaining Resources “The second year of the project saw more disease damage is the use of different focus on ecological studies following up on varieties of a crop, planted together. Funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), in African Forests the previous year’s surveys of how people used the forests. We saw the impacts of a 3-year Bioversity International project The Niassa National Reserve extends over honey hunting and illegal logging, and in China, Ecuador, Morocco and Uganda 42,000 km2 along the Mozambique border that current practices are unsustainable. shows that growing a mix of varieties of with Tanzania, and includes one of the The next step will focus on honey hunting, a crop can decrease farmers’ chances least disturbed areas of Africa’s deciduous working with people in the communities to of losing entire harvests. This is because Miombo woodlands. It was established identify and test more sustainable collection different varieties offer different resistance to protect wildlife and also includes methods,” says Judy Loo, Senior Scientist levels to outbreaks, rather than relying on populations of a number of the world’s at Bioversity International. a few high-yielding yet more genetically threatened tree species. The final stage of the project will be to work uniform modern varieties. It is also a with the people living in the reserve to help sustainable and affordable alternative to A Bioversity International project, expensive chemical inputs. 'Sustaining forest resources for people them develop more sustainable practices, and the environment in the Niassa to produce recommendations for reserve Two of the six crops studied in the global National Reserve in Mozambique' is managers that will help them balance the project, banana and the common bean, studying the relationship between the need for wildlife habitat conservation with were evaluated in terms of the number people living in the reserve and the tree those of the local people, and to share this model widely. 5 NUTRITION NUTRITION Grand Chal lenges Hunger is a worldwide problem, which, together with nutrient deficiencies known as 'hidden hunger', Explorations undermines the growth, development, health and productivity of over 2 billion people. Our agricultural systems collectively produce enough staple food for everyone at the moment, in aggregate, but The Grand Challenges Explorations is access to nutritious food remains a challenge for many. The predicted world population increase to an initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to enable researchers 9 billion by 2050 is set to increase demand on these systems which are already being pushed to the worldwide to test unorthodox ideas that boundaries of sustainability and placing our ecosystems under extreme pressure. address persistent global health and development challenges. Bioversity International’s Nutrition Strategy was launched in 2011 to further understand how using agricultural biodiversity within smallholder farming systems can contribute to food security and Bioversity International, in collaboration with Save the Children UK, is undertaking nutrition. During the year, Bioversity International started two nutrition initiatives to gather robust an innovative global health project evidence of the value of agricultural biodiversity for nutrition and health and further explore its links through this initiative: ‘The role of wild to livelihoods. and underutilized foods in daily costs of diets in Baringo, Kenya’. This project focuses on reaching “a clearer understanding of the role of wild and underutilized foods in helping to deliver a nutritionally adequate diet—at the same time reducing its cost. This will enable researchers and policymakers to develop accessible and local food-based solutions to malnutrition in mothers and 6 to 24-month-old children,” says Federico Mattei, Research Support Officer, Nutrition and Marketing Diversity Programme, who will be involved in carrying out the research with local partners. The use of a 'Cost of Diet' tool, which calculates the minimum amount of money a household will have to spend to meet their full nutritional requirements using locally available foods, means “we will be able to model the impact these foods could have on the affordability of a nutritious diet,” explains Alex Rees, Head of Hunger Reduction, Save the Children UK. As a part of this project, diets with and without foods from wild species and Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS), will be modelled to determine the nutritional and cost benefits of these foods to assist in the design of programme interventions aimed at improving diet quality and contributing to a reduction in child stunting. NUS are plant and animal species that are used 6 traditionally for food, fibre, fodder, oil or medicinal properties, but have not yet been adopted by large-scale agriculture. 7 NUTRITION Biodiversity for 2011-2021 Food and Nutrition Nutrition Strategy In 2011, a new 5-year global project, Launched ‘Biodiversity for food and nutrition’ was successfully approved to start in 2012. “Good nutrition must be one of the major fats and sugars. Some of these changes goals of agriculture and production systems, are adversely affecting people’s health and Funded by the Global Environment Facility requiring a combination of agricultural, nutrition, as well as the environment, and (GEF), the US$ 35-million project will health, fortification and supplementation are not sustainable in the long term. provide evidence of the nutritional value strategies. While promoting household of agricultural biodiversity and its role in production, Bioversity International is The strategy has four objectives that fall promoting healthy diets and strengthening concentrating its efforts to understand into two broader categories: research and livelihoods in the four countries leading the and promote access to and availability of evidence, and development and policy. project: Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey. nutritious and diverse foods,” says Bruce Bioversity International is coordinating the Cogill, Programme Leader, Nutrition and Objective 1: To strengthen the empirical project with implementation support from Marketing Diversity. evidence of agricultural biodiversity’s role the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), for nutrition and health. the Food and Agriculture Organization of This year, Bioversity launched a 10-year the UN (FAO) and a significant number of nutrition strategy which promotes the Objective 2: To ensure that the production international partners. use of agricultural biodiversity within food of more nutritious foods through commercial production systems to provide nutritionally- pathways reflects agriculturally biodiverse The project aims to use this evidence rich food sources that contribute to dietary practices and cultural and consumer to influence policies, development diversity and to better nutrition and health. practices. programmes and markets that support This builds on research of the past few years the conservation and sustainable use of that has focused on the role and impact of Objective 3: To determine best practices agricultural biodiversity. Part of the project traditional foods on dietary diversity and and delivery systems of agricultural will be to develop tools, knowledge and livelihoods. biodiversity in nutrition and health best practices to mobilize and mainstream development programmes. the use of nutritionally-rich biodiversity The Nutrition and Marketing Diversity and scale up its use for food and nutrition Programme will build evidence about how Objective 4: To mainstream the role of in development, value chains and local the benefits derived from growing and using agricultural biodiversity into public health community initiatives. agriculturally biodiverse foods can benefit and nutrition policy and practice by sharing people’s livelihoods and ecosystems. evidence and providing local solutions. “It is increasingly recognized at an Bioversity International is focusing its work international level that there are important on smallholder farming communities— links between biodiversity, food and comprising 70% of the world’s poorest 1.4 nutrition, yet research in this area remains billion people—in low and middle income fragmented and uncoordinated. Bioversity countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Central International’s involvement in a project of America and South Asia. Within these this nature is critical as the world’s foremost countries, like in many other countries research-for-development organization around the world, people’s diets have working in the field of mobilizing biodiversity changed, moving away from traditional, for food and nutrition,” says Danny Hunter, local and diverse foods to eating more Bioversity International Project Leader. cereal-based staples and energy-dense 9 LIVELIHOODS LIVELIHOODS Traditional Crops For smallholder farmers and rural communities, agricultural biodiversity is a resource within reach that can help increase income and income stability. Diversified farming systems and sustainable Back to Market small-scale forestry offer opportunities to provide a more regular income and enhanced food security across seasons and between years. Within these communities, women play an important but often 2011 marks the end of a 10-year research effort funded by the International Fund unrecognized role in producing, gathering, processing and marketing food. for Agricultural Development (IFAD), to empower poor rural communities in Bioversity International is working to make markets accessible to the rural poor by expanding Asia and Latin America by strengthening the focus beyond main commodity crops and developing innovative ‘farm to fork’ interventions. their identity, income opportunities and Bioversity International works in partnership with agencies, community groups and the private sector nutritional security through the improved use and marketing of Neglected and to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Our research in 2011 addressed production, Underutilized Species (NUS). NUS are marketing technologies and policies needed to ensure the equitable participation of the poor in new traditional crops that are often better markets of diverse products. Here are some highlights. adapted to grow in marginal areas, with little need for irrigation, pesticides and fertilizers, but have fallen outside mainstream agricultural research and development. “Thanks to this project, we now have the evidence that these species are a key asset to support poor farming communities,” says Stefano Padulosi, Senior Scientist at Bioversity International. In India, Bioversity International and partners worked with 200 farming families to revive the cultivation of minor millets. As a result, Indian small millet growers increased their yields by 70% and their income by 30%. Women farmers integrated millets into innovative snack foods, which have reached urban markets and are now consumed in schools. Selling those foods to boost household incomes and the entrepreneurial skills acquired were also key for the empowerment and self- esteem of the women involved. In Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, the cultivation of traditional grains, such as cañihua, amaranth and some neglected varieties of quinoa, was being abandoned because of poor economic competitiveness in markets. The interventions varied from developing new varieties of cañihua to providing prototypes of machines that drastically reduce processing times—from 6 hours to 7 minutes to process 12 kg of quinoa. By improving production, processing and marketing, these crops are now back in the farmers’ fields offering new income opportunities. 11 LIVELIHOODS Improving Livelihoods on Farm “We have to act at different levels. We smallholder farmers through the diversity of “Our research shows that properly designed have to conserve these species, create beans cultivated, to the skill of the farmers, interventions for conserving diversity on networks and infrastructure and build and to the differences in taste produced farms can benefit both biodiversity and the capacity so that farmers and communities from different growing conditions. farmers who conserve it,” says Elisabetta can take advantage of cultivating NUS. Gotor, Impact Assessment Specialist at Creating an enabling policy environment, In 2011, 'Cocoa of Excellence' received Bioversity International. Supported by both at a national and international level, and analyzed 119 samples of cocoa beans the McKnight Foundation, 'Assessing is necessary to deploy the economic from 22 countries—50 of which were the success of on-farm conservation potential of these species for the poor. Last selected and processed into chocolate— projects in delivering conservation and but not least we need champions, people to be evaluated by a jury of professionals livelihood outcomes: identifying best spreading the message,” added Padulosi. and connoisseurs who then assigned 12 practices and decision support tools' is 'Cocoa of Excellence' awards. In addition, a research project that analyses six on- Building on this experience, Bioversity a second jury met during the Salon du farm conservation projects carried out International is beginning a new project Chocolat, Paris and gave four awards to by research organizations, NGOs and funded by IFAD to investigate the use farmers from Malaysia, Costa Rica, Ecuador development agencies in Peru, Ecuador of NUS in increasing the adaptation and and Cameroon. and Bolivia. resilience of production systems in the face of climate change. These events provide opportunities to Many projects have been, and continue establish links between cocoa growers and to be, implemented worldwide to support A taste of success professionals in the chocolate industry. on-farm conservation of agricultural For example, at the Salon du Chocolat, biodiversity. The challenge of these one chocolate manufacturer met with the projects is to identify, design and for Cocoa country representative of a farmer that implement interventions that make the had provided a nominated cocoa sample conservation of crop diversity compatible resulting in a business link between the with improved livelihoods and well-being Cocoa is a vital source of income for some farmer and the manufacturer. among the farmers who conserve it. The 6 million smallholder farmers in West aim is to maintain diversity while also Africa, Latin America and Asia. Compared Cocoa is starting to get more attention in reducing poverty. with coffee, wine or tobacco, cocoa is countries that produce it. In Peru, national still a low-value industrial commodity, competitions are now organized every year “One of the aims of this study is to fill but demand for fine-flavour, added-value and there are trained specialists in the the gap of systematic evaluation of the cocoa is steadily increasing. sensory evaluation of cocoa beans, liqueurs success of on-farm conservation projects and chocolates. Brazil is organizing its first in producing outcomes that maintain crop Bioversity International is one of the Chocolate and Cocoa Show in Salvador, diversity on farm and at the same time lead organizations behind 'Cocoa of Bahia, in 2012. create livelihood benefits for farmers,” Excellence', an initiative funded by the says Mauricio Bellon, Principal Scientist at Common Fund for Commodities (CFC), “The development of cocoa as a high-value Bioversity International. via the International Cocoa Organisation crop and commodity has great potential (ICCO), Mars Inc., the World Cocoa for smallholder farmers, particularly in This research is also a very important tool Foundation and Barry Callebaut. The West Africa, Latin America and Asia,” says for donors, policymakers and practitioners project aims to link cocoa growers with Stephan Weise, Deputy Director General who need to have the conceptual and chocolate makers and in the process give of Research at Bioversity International. methodological tools to assess the success recognition to the contribution made by “We are looking at ways to expand those of their projects and the lessons learned, possibilities.” and hence their investments. 13 CONSERVATION CONSERVATION Guatemalan Atlas The increasing loss of plant genetic resources, including those of crops, their wild relatives, and of Crop Wild Relatives trees, has irreversible global implications. Genetic resources are critical to ensure the ability of future generations to adapt and enhance agriculture as needed. For almost 40 years, Bioversity The Atlas of Guatemalan Crop Wild International has been at the forefront of global efforts to collect, conserve and use agricultural Relatives (Atlas Guatemalteco de Parientes Silvestres de las Plantas biodiversity. Our new strategy includes two complementary conservation approaches: ex situ Cultivadas) is a new web resource to (conservation of seeds in long-term storage facilities) and in situ (conservation of plants on farms facilitate the conservation and use of wild and in the wild), with greater emphasis on the less researched area, in situ conservation. plant species that are related to cultivated crops. In 2011, we marked many conservation milestones, including the 10-year anniversary of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, a new atlas of crop Crop wild relatives are increasingly wild relatives and new research on forest genetic resources. important to agriculture because they contain beneficial traits needed for breeding improved varieties that can be hardier, more productive, more nutritious, more disease and drought resistant, and better adapted to climate change. Guatemala, in the heart of Mesoamerica, is one of the world’s most important centres of plant domestication and agricultural origin and, consequently, an area with an abundance of crop wild relatives. Launched in 2011, the atlas is the result of nearly a decade of extensive collaboration between Bioversity International and partners. It provides detailed information about 105 species or subspecies of wild Guatemalan plants, chosen for this study because of their economic, cultural and nutritional importance. Through an interactive Google Earth® interface, users can consult maps that show the known distribution and potential range of each plant included in the study, based on climate and the locations where they were collected. Additional maps display areas of high species richness and diversity to assist conservation efforts. The maps draw upon a database of 2,593 records of scientific specimens conserved in numerous national and international institutions. “We are pleased that the Ministry of the Environment of Guatemala has made plans to immediately use the atlas to document the presence of crop wild relatives within their system of protected areas,” says Marleni Ramirez, Regional Director, Bioversity International Americas Office. The atlas, and supporting database, is a resource for those who want to learn 15 CONSERVATION CGIAR has played an important role The research began in 1996, when 24 throughout the negotiations of the Treaty, half-hectare clearances were created in providing technical input and acting as the forest using three different methods: one of the key resources for accessing eight were clear-felled which means all the about and promote the conservation and genetic biodiversity. CGIAR genebanks host trees were cut down and left on site with use of the many unique and often threatened around 50% of the materials currently in the their stumps remaining in the ground; eight crop wild relatives in Guatemala, including multilateral system of access and benefit were cleared by bulldozers that uprooted plant breeders, conservationists, students sharing, including a wide diversity of local the trees and pushed them to the side; and teachers. and traditional varieties, crop wild relatives, while eight were cleared by slash and burn. as well as neglected and underutilized The researchers then planted seeds and Marking 10 years of crops. These materials are available through seedlings of mahogany, the most valuable the Treaty’s Standard Material Transfer timber species, to see how they would fare. Agreement (SMTA), and more than 8,000 samples are exchanged every week. "Slash and burn was best for mahogany,” the International Treaty says Snook, “but what was really interesting, The Treaty was adopted by the Food and when we went back more than a decade An international event marked 10 years of Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) later, was to find that more than 100 tree the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Conference in November 2001 and came species had regenerated in the plots— Resources for Food and Agriculture, a into force in 2004. many of them commercially valuable.” powerful legal instrument that defines the legal status and conditions for pooling, exchanging and conserving plant genetic resources for food and agriculture between Slash-and-burn The study revealed clear differences between treatments. In clear-felled plots, valuable hardwoods occupied less than countries. Without it, the costs and negotiations on a case-by-case basis to Effects on Diversity 30% of the plots, while on plots cleared by machine or by slash and burn, 60% of the access plant genetic resources would be trees were commercially valuable. Between extremely difficult, and in many cases, Slash-and-burn agriculture is a traditional the machined and burned plots, the largest impossible. way to prepare agricultural fields by 10% of trees were significantly bigger on felling trees which are then allowed to the slash and burn plots. Plant genetic resources are important, dry before being burned. This practice is as they are the raw materials needed by often perceived as an enemy of forests, The differences were not hard to explain. farmers, scientists and breeders to help but according to Laura Snook, Programme Trees on clear-felled plots sprouted from achieve food security in the face of climate Leader, Forest Genetic Resources, the trunks and roots left behind, quickly change, land and water scarcity, and an Bioversity International, it can favour the resulting in a closed canopy, favouring increasing population. Since its adoption, regeneration of dozens of valuable tropical species that can tolerate shade. Trees that the Treaty has been ratified by 127 timber tree species. result from resprouting stumps or roots are countries and includes at least 1.5 million typically multi-stemmed, so even timber plant samples of 64 crops and forages. “Banning the use of fire, which many species are unlikely to provide quality logs. governments are doing in the name of At the 2011 anniversary event, Bioversity protecting the environment, can reduce “Many valuable timber trees require International Director General Emile Frison options for maintaining a diverse, valuable sunlight to regenerate—they don’t survive called for greater collaboration between and sustainable resource,” says Snook. in the small gaps produced by timber countries and international organizations to This conclusion is based on many years harvesting or in the clear-felled plots ensure that as much plant genetic diversity of work in Quintana Roo, Mexico, where because they are quickly overshadowed,” as possible is conserved and equitably used over 100 local communities manage says Snook. “Slash-and-burn treatments by the global community in pursuit of food 800,000 ha of the largest tropical forest in mimic the effects of hurricanes and security and environmental sustainability. Mesoamerica for harvesting timber. lightning strikes. Burning not only controls competition, but releases nutrients that stimulate plant growth." 17 TOOLS & CAPACITY BUILDING highlights Bioversity International’s work results 2ND GLOBAL NEW PRE-BREEDING to food security, nutrition, livelihoods, in knowledge that can shift policies, environmental sustainability and climate transform agricultural practices AGRIKNOWLEDGE E-LEARNING COURSE change. Yet according to consultations and open possibilities for income, SHAREFAIR with universities in 2009 and 2010, ‘Pre-breeding for effective use of agricultural biodiversity education courses improved nutrition and sustainable plant genetic resources’, an online are rare or non-existent and there is a need Bioversity International was one of the farming practices for poor rural learning course, was released this year to integrate such knowledge into curricula. co-organizers of a 4-day agricultural communities. We develop knowledge to strengthen capacity at the interface knowledge sharefair in Rome in between germplasm conservation and its products, tools, capacity and good The new guide, Teaching Agrobiodiversity: September 2011. This event was a forum use in plant breeding. A Curriculum Guide for Higher Education, practices with farmers, local and to share success stories, knowledge, is a tool to support this integration, national governments, development experience and innovations on information Pre-breeding is a necessary first step in designed to be flexible to fit into a range and communication technologies workers, trainers and academia. using biodiversity arising from crop wild of institutional settings. It also suggests and processes relating to agriculture, relatives and other unimproved materials suitable entry points for quickly integrating climate change, food security and rural to broaden the range of heritable genetic UNDERSTANDING THE aspects of agricultural biodiversity into development. variations available to generate new crop existing courses. The guide discusses key INTERNATIONAL TREATY varieties that have increased yields yet rely issues in agricultural biodiversity education Over 160 presenters from 70 countries less on external inputs. and presents a curriculum framework with took part in the sharefair and many more ‘Plant Genetic Resources and Food 14 topics central to agricultural biodiversity followed events live online. In addition to Security—Stakeholders’ Perspectives on This free online course, jointly sponsored processes, conservation and management. live webcasts of many sessions, which were the International Treaty on Plant Genetic by Bioversity International, the Food and Each topic is briefly introduced along with watched by around 4,500 people, there was Resources for Food and Agriculture’ is Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), key learning points, suggested contents, a a very successful social media campaign an essential guide to understand the way and the Global Crop Diversity Trust, using bibliography and a list of internet resources. with a strong focus on Twitter—tweets using international policy affects food security. the platform of the Global Partnership the event hashtag #SFROME reached over Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity A free PDF was made available this year, 200,000 people. Participants examined how The book, jointly published by the Food and Building, was designed to strengthen with distribution of hard copies to key to ensure better communication to share Agricultural Organization of the UN (FAO), skills among plant breeders, germplasm stakeholders including university partners knowledge and found innovative ways to Bioversity International and Earthscan, curators, university staff and students, field planned for early 2012. bring that knowledge to farmers. gives a comprehensive overview of the technicians and extension agents. negotiations and implementation of the Bioversity International participated in Treaty and explains the different interests By the end of 2011, over 5,000 people several sessions including a demonstration CROP TRAITS TOOL and views at stake between all players in had registered for the course, with more of an e-learning course for pre-breeding, requesting the free CD. GOES ONLINE the global food chain. a look at the GENESYS Gateway to Genetic Resources, a talk on using traditional crops The Crop Ontology Tool is an online This is the latest in the Earthscan- for sustainable livelihoods and an opportunity A CURRICULUM GUIDE resource that enables anyone to browse and Bioversity International book series ‘Issues to taste quinoa cake, as well as contributing download information regarding crop traits. in Agricultural Biodiversity’, which reviews articles to the sharefair social reporting blog FOR HIGHER EDUCATION current knowledge around topical issues in and daily event newsletter. Emile Frison This online tool is very useful for breeders, agricultural biodiversity, identifying gaps in gave an opening speech with the President In recent years, research has yielded farmers and scientists when searching for our knowledge base, synthesizing lessons of the International Fund for Agricultural a rapidly growing knowledge base on crop trait information. It can be used to learned and proposing future research and Development (IFAD), Kanayo F. Nwanze. how agricultural biodiversity is linked search for information regarding specific 19 development actions. TOOLS & CAPACITY BUILDING highlights plant traits. For example, when researching CONTRIBUTING TO identifying which species are most at risk publications on genetic resources, and the trait ‘height’ of cassava, the tool and where there are gaps in collections. links to the Musa Germplasm Information provides not only a detailed explanation FOOD SECURITY AND This vital information helps us tackle global System (MGIS) which includes accessions that relates to the specific query, but also any other relevant information that relates SUSTAINABILITY IN A challenges such as food security and data and climatic maps. climate change. to the trait. The Crop Ontology Tool was CHANGING WORLD developed as a collective activity between The Training Manual On Spatial Analysis A HOT PROSPECT FOR CGIAR members and their partners, with In July 2011, the Platform for Of Plant Diversity and Distribution which Bioversity International leading the project. Agrobiodiversity Research (PAR) was published in 2010, has so far been SMALLHOLDER FARMERS By the end of 2011, 49 users, who also facilitated an expert workshop on climate downloaded by over 2,000 people, and was act as curators, were already registered change and genetic resources for food made available in Spanish this year. A French In 2011, Bioversity International and and regularly uploading content. Further and agriculture. 'Contributing to food version will also be published in 2012. partners reached the half-way point on a development is planned for 2012. project, ‘Rescuing and promoting native security and sustainability in a changing chilies in their centre of origin’. This world' was organized by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN (FAO) MUSANET—A COMMUNITY project is looking at how to increase the MANAGING PLANT incomes of smallholders through the use Commission on Genetic Resources for OF EXPERTS of chili (Capsicum) diversity. Chili is a crop GENETIC RESOURCE Food and Agriculture. The workshop cultivated by farmers for thousands of explored different challenges that confront INFORMATION The Global Musa Genetic Resources years in the Americas, used as a spice, a agriculture and the options that exist or Network, or ‘MusaNet’ for short, was vegetable and for medicinal purposes. could be developed to help feed the world, launched in 2011. MusaNet, coordinated 'GRIN-Global' is a project that provides the cope with climate change and improve the by Bioversity International, is a global Highlights of the project so far include world’s crop genebanks with a powerful, impact of agriculture on the environment. collaborative framework and a partnership new technologies, manuals and guidelines flexible, easy-to-use global plant genetic of key stakeholders, to safeguard Musa regarding the harvest and post-harvest resource information management system. The event took place prior to the 13th genetic resources and promote their use operations of Capsicum, as well as Session of the Commission, in which around the world. increases in the number of accessions held Improving the capability of genebanks to PAR also participated. PAR is hosted by in genebanks in Peru and Bolivia, making provide data to a global accession-level Bioversity International, which also provides Membership is based on expertise, with 62 up the largest and most diverse national information system will make it easier the secretariat, and is made possible with members already having joined, representing collections ever assembled. The huge to assess the status of the world's plant support from the Christensen Fund. the scientific research community, variation in biochemical attributes mirrors genetic resources and to identify priority government representatives, educational the accession level diversity—and has needs for their conservation. It will also allow genebanks to make use of a generic SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF institutions and development agencies. led to interest from chili processors and Regional research networks and other key exporters in those countries. web portal, GENESYS, which offers users online access to collections and an online PLANT DIVERSITY AND initiatives such as ProMusa and the Global Musa Genomic Consortium (GMGC) are also ordering system, compliant with the DISTRIBUTION represented in the expert committee. International Treaty’s Multilateral System (MLS) and Standard Material Transfer Spatial analysis helps to gather information MusaNet is an online resource with member Agreement (SMTA). about plant diversity in specific geographical discussion forums and workspaces for locations around the world. This information the different critical thematic areas, e.g. During 2011, GRIN-Global training was about the status of plant species and evaluation, diversity, information and delivered to people from more than 35 their patterns of distribution enables the conservation, the latest Musa news and 21 genebanks around the world. setting of priority areas for conservation by PROJECT highlights USING TRADITIONAL The study investigated how climate In its first year, Bioversity International deal better with unpredictable weather change might affect the environments of worked mostly with women’s farmer patterns, and stimulate diverse diets that VARIETIES ON FARM Mexican maize farmers in four different groups, extension workers and local deliver better nutrition and health. agroecological zones, and then analysed genebank managers on growing locally “There are good reasons to embed the where farmers currently source their available seeds in different test sites and Moreover, the paper puts special emphasis continued use of traditional varieties into seeds. It was discovered that over 90% getting feedback from farmers on crop on adopting a cross-sectoral approach development and improvement strategies of seeds in the study groups came performance. In Ethiopia, more than 100 to reassessing the role of agricultural designed to improve the well-being of from within a 10km radius of farmers’ women farmers took part in selecting 25 biodiversity in sustainable food production. some of the world’s poorest communities,” communities and from areas of less than out of 100 shortlisted varieties of durum concluded a newly published paper. 'An 50m of difference in altitude. wheat, varieties that were then distributed Heuristic Framework for Identifying among communities to be sown for a PAYMENT FOR Multiple Ways of Supporting the These results showed that farmers second year of evaluation. AGROBIODIVERSITY Conservation and Use of Traditional already have access to predicted novel Crop Varieties within the Agricultural maize environments within the traditional The next phase will look into better CONSERVATION SERVICES Production System' brings together spatial scope of their seed systems, understanding local seed systems and (PACS) available knowledge about the conservation suggesting that these systems may be improving policies to ensure farmer access and use of traditional crop varieties on farm. able to provide farmers with landraces to seeds held in genebanks. The PACS project conducted pilot suitable to agroecological conditions studies in Bolivia, Peru and India to better This comprehensive analysis is packaged in under predicted climate change, with the a way to better understand how traditional exception of farmers in the highlands, VALUING AGRICULTURAL understand the effectiveness of rewarding farmers for the provision of conservation varieties can support the production who might need help in coping with more BIODIVERSITY services that benefit broader society. strategies of rural communities and small- extreme climatic changes. scale farming. Areas covered include on- 'Agricultural biodiversity is essential for Many of the ecological services provided farm traditional crop diversity and access This approach has great potential to a sustainable improvement in food and by agricultural biodiversity are not well to that diversity, ways to improve the use of be applied in other countries in need of nutrition security', a paper published in reflected in market prices, which may result diversity, as well as benefits derived from customized solutions for climate change 2011 by Bioversity International Director in farmers favouring more commercially- its use including market and non-market adaptation. General Emile Frison and co-authors in the oriented, less diverse production systems. based actions and incentives. open-access journal Sustainability, asserts As part of an exploration of incentive SEEDS FOR NEEDS GIVING the essential role of agricultural biodiversity mechanisms, Bioversity International TRADITIONAL SEED in sustainably improving food and nutrition developed and tested Payment for OPTIONS TO FARMERS security. Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes SYSTEMS TACKLE focused on agricultural biodiversity. CLIMATE CHANGE 'Seeds for Needs', a project currently Previously viewed as being useful solely Assessment of different types of rewards being carried out in Ethiopia and Papua for trait selection in scientific breeding (e.g. in-kind rewards paid at community New Guinea, has made significant steps programmes, the paper reveals evidence A pioneering study by Bioversity levels) and of competitive tenders was towards empowering local women and that suggests diversity not only increases International and partners has introduced carried out to determine the most cost- increasing their options for climate change farm productivity, but also increases the a new approach to finding solutions for efficient strategies to conserve priority adaptation. The project combines modern resistance of farming systems to shocks. climate change adaptation by integrating endangered species while also improving GIS technologies and the preferences of Agricultural biodiversity has been proven the predicted climatic shifts of a region farmer livelihoods. local farmers, to identify seed solutions that to help maintain and increase soil fertility, with its traditional seed systems. will help these farmers cope in the future. mitigate the impacts of pests and diseases, 23 FINANCE REPORT 2011 BREAKDOWN OF BREAKDOWN OF DONOR REVENUE TOTAL EXPENDITURE MESSAGE FROM TOP 20 DONORS 40 40 Gerard O’Donoghue IN THE YEAR 2011 US$ 36.9 million US$ 36.2 million Director, Corporate Services $ 0.95 million 2.6% $ 6.5 million $ 13.5 million 18% Bioversity International faced the past year of 37.5% global financial insecurity with confidence, launching its new strategy and research CGIAR Fund1 13,492 30 30 agenda in the midst of this situation and Belgium 3,550 $ 29.7 million 82% continuing to manage its finances carefully. European Commission 3,370 As a result, our organization remains strong UNEP-GEF2 1,912 and in solid financial condition. Revenue in 2011 amounted to US$ 36.9 million against Germany 1,715 expenditures of US$ 36.2 million resulting Netherlands 1,619 in an operating surplus of US$ 0.7 million. 20 $ 21.5 million 20 European Countries 980 59.8% CFC3 955 We have taken many steps to secure our financial future, including increasing Australia 869 our reserves, reducing expenditures, IFAD4 866 reorganizing our staff and increasing our Global Crop Diversity Trust 865 private donor fundraising efforts. But we continue to need support in order to meet Austria 669 10 10 the goals we have set to help improve the Uganda 580 lives of smallholder farmers in developing World Bank 543 countries. Ireland 528 Fortunately, new attention at the highest The Christensen Fund 424 levels is being given to issues that affect FAO5 263 0 0 smallholder farmers. Food security is at the The McKnight Foundation 253 top of the global agenda. But the growing 2011 2011 The Bill & Melinda Gates 188 concern is to find sustainable solutions— Foundation not just feeding an expected 9 billion people over the next decades, but feeding Japan 163 CGIAR Consortium (Fund Council) Programme-related expenditure them sustainably. There is hope for the Total (US$ ’000) 33,804 future, and agricultural biodiversity holds Governments Management & general overheads great promise if it can be scaled up and out. Our work can significantly expand with Foundations 1 The CGIAR Multidonor Fund (World Bank as your support. Trustee) As a CGIAR Consortium member, 2 United Nations Environment Programme- RISK MANAGEMENT The Board has adopted a risk management Bioversity International is part of the Global Environment Facility policy that has been communicated to all largest international publicly funded research group. This year, CGIAR has Bioversity International’s Board of Trustees has staff together with a detailed management 3 Common Fund for Commodities redeveloped its research portfolio into 15 responsibility for ensuring that an appropriate guideline. The policy includes a framework by distinct CGIAR Research Programs with risk management system is in place that which Bioversity International’s management 4 International Fund for Agricultural Development enables management to identify and take identifies, evaluates and prioritizes risks stronger emphasis on research results and outcomes. Our organization is an integral 5 steps to mitigate significant risks to the and opportunities across the organization; The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN achievement of the organization’s objectives. develops risk mitigation strategies that part and partner of nine of these research balance benefits with costs; monitors the programs. By involving us in a majority of CGIAR research, our partners have placed Risk mitigation strategies are ongoing at implementation of these strategies; and Bioversity International and include the reports on results, in conjunction with finance high value on our work. This collaboration bodes well for the future and it means that implementation of systems of internal control and administration staff and internal audit, we have our finger on the pulse of a wide which, by their nature, are designed to manage semi-annually to a Task Group of the Board array of issues. rather than eliminate risk. The organization and annually to the full Board. also endeavours to manage risk by ensuring As we move through 2012, our organization that the appropriate infrastructure, controls, The Board is satisfied that Bioversity systems and people are in place throughout International has adopted and implements a has a clear sense of direction for the future. We invite you to get involved with us. Bioversity International. comprehensive risk management system. 25 PARTNERSHIPS FOR CHANGE AN INVESTMENT IN THE STRONG FINANCIAL FUTURE MANAGEMENT Bioversity International relies entirely on Financial and administrative management support from donors to undertake and for Bioversity International is governed by champion world-class research with and for the CGIAR Financial Guideline Series, a poor farming communities. We are proud to series of financial management and policy use that support in the most effective way practices issued out of the World Bank and possible. In all our work, our aim is to ensure approved by all of the members of CGIAR. that investment establishes knowledge that leads to approaches and tools that are self- Bioversity International has a strong system sustaining, and that influence and shape of internal controls which are regularly the decisions of policymakers. reviewed and audited. We have designed WORKING WITH a Risk Management Framework which • All our work is funded through voluntary enables Bioversity International's Board PARTNERS contributions by donors. of Trustees to put in place firm controls for managing key risks. One distinct key contribution from • 82% of our expenditure was allocated partnerships is bringing together actors to research-for-development and who would not usually find ways to work critical services that directly support LOOKING AHEAD together, to deliver science and create that research agenda. new knowledge about the use and Over the next 10 years, Bioversity conservation of agricultural biodiversity. • Bioversity International is a member International aims to increase its real-term Another contribution to partners is the of the CGIAR Consortium, the world's investment in research-for-development leveraging capacity we have—connecting largest publicly funded research body. by more than 50% to US$ 62 million per knowledge and science of global scope to annum by 2021. This will enable us to direct local action, and vice versa. We are able • For every US$ 1 invested in CGIAR, at and support research efforts to potentially to see the big picture of sustainability, food least US$ 9 worth of additional food is improve the lives of 320 million people who security and poverty and, by working with produced in developing countries. live in the regions where we plan to work. rural communities, we are able to use this knowledge to find solutions and to ensure • Spending on agricultural research This ambition will only be realized with they can be scaled up and out. offers rates of return of about 40% donor support; as a non-profit organization higher than any other development we want to engage more donors than ever Another indicator of our value is the positive investment. before in a critically important agenda—and feedback we receive from our partners and ensure a food and nutrition secure future donors—a wide range of stakeholders with • We do not run our own laboratories; for millions of poor smallholder farmers, whom we develop long-term associations. instead, we work through national and and an environmentally sustainable future We learn from partners, depend upon regional partners, building up capacity for us all. their insights and knowledge, and work as and making donor investment work equals with them to create lasting change. harder. Our commitment is to work with donors as partners in change, together making Most importantly, the value Bioversity • We create dynamic coalitions of donors significant contributions to global goals on International brings to initiatives is to leverage funds, expertise and sustainable food security and development demonstrated through the rural communities networks across different disciplines. and the conservation of agricultural and smallholder farmers around the world biodiversity. who are providing for their families in innovative ways, becoming community leaders and advocates, and using their knowledge from farm to fork. These are the true champions of agricultural biodiversity. Bioversity International is registered as a 501(c) (3) non-profit organization in the US. Bioversity International (UK) is a Registered UK Charity No. 1131854. 27 SUPPORTERS para el Desarrollo Sostenible; Karnataka State; India; IFAD Dhamar SLASH-AND-BURN EFFECTS ON Arequipa (AEDES); Asociación de Development Project; Yemen; Yemeni DIVERSITY Agroindustriales de Granos Andinos Government; McKnight Foundation de la Región Puno (ASAIGA); Instituto Bolivia; Tourism Company Visozial; Partners Nacional de Investigación Agraria Bolivia; SDC-Switzerland. Raimondo Capitanio We sincerely thank all of our TRADITIONAL DIVERSITY TO for Nutrition and Health Estación Experimental Andenes; Patricia Negreros-Castillo Cusco (INIA-Cusco); Instituto Nacional A TASTE OF SUCCESS FOR supporters and partners. This REDUCE PEST AND DISEASE Crops for the Future (CFF) Organizacion de Ejidos Productores de Investigación Agraria Estación COCOA Forestales de la Zona Maya (OEPFZM) list represents a sample of the DAMAGE Earth Institute (Columbia University) Experimental Illpa; Puno (INIA-Puno); World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) many supporters involved with Partners Instituto de Innovación Tecnológica y Partners Ejidos of Cafetal/Limones, Naranjal World Food Programme (WFP) Promoción del Desarrollo (PIWANDES); Poniente and Xpichil the projects highlighted in this Cocoa Research Unit (Trinidad and National Agricultural Research World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) Universidad Nacional del Altiplano-Puno The owners of Rancho Grande, formerly Tobago) annual report. We have made Organization, (NARO), Entebbe, Uganda (UNA); Universidad Nacional de San the late Don Antonio Uh and his family, Centre de Coopération Internationale an effort to recognize as many Donors LIVELIHOODS Agustín-Arequipa (UNAS). now Alfonso Arguelles and Felipe Sanchez en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) Donors as possible on these pages and UN Environment Programme (UNEP) India—University of Agricultural Sciences Event International United States Department of Agriculture regret we have not been able to The Global Environment Facility (GEF) TRADITIONAL CROPS BACK TO Bangalore; University of Agricultural Barry Callebaut (USDA) mention every supporter in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the MARKET Sciences Dharwad. Belcolade Biodiversity Support Program (World space allowed. UN (FAO) Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy Swiss Agency for Development and Implementing agencies (2001-2006) Cocoa Producers Alliance (COPAL) Nepal—Local Initiative for Biodiversity; and the World Resources Institute, Cooperation World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) Bolivia—PROINPA; Ecuador—INIAP Research and Development (LI-BIRD). with funding from the US Agency for SUSTAINABILITY (Ministry of Agriculture); Peru—CIRNMA Atlanta Chocolates International Development) SUSTAINING RESOURCES IN (Ministry of Agriculture); Egypt—DRC Implementing agencies (2007-2010) Donors US Department of Education AFRICAN FORESTS (Ministry of Agriculture and Land LANDSCAPES FOR PEOPLE, Bolivia—PROINPA; Ecuador—INIAP Duke University Reclamation); Yemen—AREA (Ministry Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) FOOD & NATURE Partners (Ministry of Agriculture); Peru—CIRNMA The Rockefeller Foundation Mexico of Agriculture and Irrigation); India —MS (Ministry of Agriculture); Yemen—AREA International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) Mars Inc Iowa State University Partners The National Agricultural Research Swaminathan Research Foundation; (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation); Barry Callebaut Center for International Forestry Institute Nepal—NARC (Nepal Agricultural India—MS Swaminathan Research Conservation International Research (CIFOR) The University Eduardo Mondlane and Research Council). Foundation. Belcolade Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Caterpillar Inc the Reserve management Agriculture and Innovation National partners (2001-2006) Atlanta Chocolates National Partners (2007-2010) The Society for the Management and Ecoagriculture Partners Development of the Niassa Reserve Bolivia—Centro de Investigaciones Bolivia—CACH-OECAS; La Paz on IMPROVING LIVELIHOODS ON Food and Agriculture Organization of the The University of Natural Resources and Fitoecogenéticas Pairumani (CIFP); Foot; ITA-UMRPSX; Laboratorio de FARM UN (FAO) Applied Life Sciences, Vienna SUKA Sumaj Kausay (Vida Buena); Análisis y Servicios de Asesoramiento en International Fund for Agricultural Unidad Académica Campesina de Alimentos (LAYSAA). Partners Development (IFAD) Donors Tiahunacu (UACT); Facultad de Fundación PROINPA UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Austrian Development Agency Agronomía de la Universidad Mayor Peru—Instituto Nacional de Investigación Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones de San Andrés (UMSA); Empresa UN University Institute of Advanced Agraria Estación Experimental Andenes, Agropecuarias (INIAP) Procesadora de Productos Naturales Studies (UNU-IAS) Cusco (INIA-Cusco); Instituto Nacional 4 Arroyos; Laboratorio de Análisis y Union de Organizaciones Campesinas World Agroforestry Centre NUTRITION de Investigación Agraria Estación Servicios de Asesoramiento en Alimentos de Cotacachi (UNORCAC) World Resources Institute Experimental Illpa, Puno (INIA-Puno). Practical Action (ITDG) Peru GRAND CHALLENGES (LAYSAA); Empresa Procesadora de Donors EXPLORATIONS Cereales Andina s.r.l. India—GBPUA&T; Ranichauri; University Donors Aid for Africa of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore; Partners Ecuador—Centro Experimental y McKnight Foundation Climate Change, Agriculture and Food University of Agricultural Sciences de Producción Salache (CEYPSA); Security (CCAFS), a CGIAR Research Save the Children UK Dharwad. Disco Compacto (CD); Centro de Program CONSERVATION Donors Investigación Agrícola Local (CIAL); Conservation International Estación Experimental Santa Catalina Italy—Associazione per la Solidarietà e la EcoAgriculture partners Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation GUATEMALAN ATLAS OF CROP (EESC); GTZ: Cooperación Alemana; Cooperazione Internazionale (UCODEP); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Instituto Superior Agropecuario Simón Movimondo. WILD RELATIVES BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND Hitz Family Foundation Rodríguez (ITSASR); Proyecto de NUTRITION Partners International Fund for Agricultural Resistencia Duradera de la Zona Yemen—Sana'a University Faculty of Development (IFAD) Partners/Donors Andina (PREDUZA); Empresa de Agriculture; Aden University Faculty United States Department of Agriculture/ Exportaciones (PROVEFRUT); Sistema of Agriculture; Al-Rahamah farmers TerrAfrica Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ The Global Environment Facility (GEF) de Información Geográfica (SIG); charity association; Al-Hidayah Farmer ARS) The Food and Agriculture Organization of Brazil Associazione per la Solidarietà e la cooperative. the UN (FAO) International Center for Tropical Kenya Cooperazione Internazionale (UCODEP); Agriculture (CIAT) The Global Environment Facility (GEF) Donors Sri Lanka Unión de Organizaciones Campesinas University of San Carlos in Guatemala The Rockefeller Foundation de Cotacachi (UNORCAC); Universidad Turkey International Fund for Agricultural (FAUSAC) UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC); Universidad Development (IFAD) UN Environment Programme (UNEP) World Agroforestry Centre Técnica del Norte (UTN); Unidad de Peru (STC-CGIAR Grant); McGill Food and Agriculture Organization of the Donors World Food Programme (WFP) Validación y Transferencia de Tecnología University Canada; GIZ (CIM UN (FAO) World Resources Institute (UVTT). Programme); Alianza Cambio Andino United States Department of Agriculture/ CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture Peru—Asociación Especializada Programme; ALTAGRO Project; Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS). 29 BIOVERSITY INTERNATIONAL Lady Malloch-Brown is an independent humanitarian affairs consultant based in London, active on the Boards of many organizations. She was Vice Chair of the Refugees BOARD OF TRUSTEES International Board for 12 years and has been an active supporter since 1986, when she worked at the Sawyer Miller Group, a New York-based strategic and political consulting firm. She is also a co-founder of the Washington Circle, an outreach group targeted at women who are interested in humanitarian affairs, with groups in Washington DC, New York, Wyoming, Illinois and Massachusetts. Lady Malloch-Brown holds a BA in Political Science from Denison Paul Zuckerman (BOARD CHAIR) retired from full-time investment banking in 1998. University and a Masters in International Affairs from the School of International and Public His expertise is in finance and agricultural economics and he spent 6 years as a Senior Affairs at Columbia University in New York. Economist at the World Bank. Before that he was a Research Associate at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria. He is presently on the board of a number of Shivaji Pandey was born and raised in India, and gained his MS and PhD in Plant Breeding international companies including ArcelorMittal Ltd in Brazil and Mexico; JM Financial Ltd and Plant Genetics from the University of Wisconsin, USA. He is familiar with the CGIAR, having and TechMahindra Ltd in India; and a number of BlackRock Hedge Funds. He was Chairman been Director of the Maize Program and Director of the African Livelihoods Program at the of the Intermediate Technology Group (1990-95) and is presently Treasurer of The Art Fund International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico, and has been at FAO in the UK. in Rome since 2005. He is currently Director of the Plant Production and Protection Division at FAO. The division works on crop production and quality to enhance food security and livelihoods, especially among the rural poor. It is also the focus for participation in international treaties and agreements to do with agricultural biodiversity and food security. In January 2012, Peter Hazell (VICE CHAIR) has devoted most of his career to research and advisory work Pandey retires from FAO. on policy issues related to agricultural development. Initially trained as an agriculturalist in the UK, he completed his PhD in agricultural economics at Cornell University in 1970 and Cristián Samper is the Director of the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian then followed a distinguished research career in international agricultural development at Institution in Washington DC. He is responsible for managing the largest natural history collection the World Bank and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). His widely cited in the world (126 million specimens and artefacts), overseeing scientific staff who produce more publications include works on the impact of technological change on growth and poverty than 500 research publications each year and hosting more than 6 million visitors annually. He reduction; the appropriate role of agricultural insurance in developing countries; and the role chaired the scientific advisory body of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, leading the of agriculture and small farms in economic development. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment study. He has published and lectured extensively around the world on conservation biology and science policy, and is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences of Colombia and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. In August 2012, Samper will become the president and CEO of the Wildlife Conservation Society. Jeremy Burdon is an evolutionary biologist whose research encompasses problems involving pathogens of agricultural crops, using fungi as biological control agents for Luis Téllez holds a BA in Economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de Mexico controlling invasive weeds and understanding the complexities of the interplay of parasitic (ITAM) and a PhD in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is and symbiotic interactions in natural systems. He has been Chief of the Division of Plant currently Chairman of the Board and CEO of the Mexican Stock Exchange and has served Industry of the CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, since 2003, and serves on the at the highest levels in the Mexican government, including a period as Deputy Secretary of Executive Committee of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative. Agriculture. Téllez drafted the law that allows communal land holders to turn their ownership to full property rights, which also clearly defined full propriety rights to Mexican rural lands, and was responsible for negotiating the agricultural sector in NAFTA. Emile Frison became Director General of Bioversity International, and an ex officio member Luigi Monti was the Government of Italy’s representative on Bioversity International’s Board. Monti left the Bioversity of the Board, in 2003. He first joined Bioversity International in 1987 to coordinate research International Board of Trustees in March 2011. on aspects of plant health in genebank collections; he was responsible for guidelines on the safe movement of living samples that are still widely used today. Before becoming Director General of Bioversity International he served as Regional Director for Europe and Director of UK BOARD OF TRUSTEES the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP), where he gave added impetus to research on this neglected crop. Bioversity International created a UK registered charity in October 2008 to increase awareness and support for its research agenda and activities. One of its principal objectives is the advancement and promotion of research into the conservation and use of agricultural biodiversity. Bioversity International (UK) is governed by an independent Board of Trustees: • Lady Malloch-Brown (CHAIR), Independent Humanitarian Affairs Consultant Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju is currently the Director of Research at the University at the Africa Institute of South Africa in Pretoria. She understands first hand the importance • Jacqueline de Chollet, Founder/Director, Veerni Project of Bioversity International’s work. She trained in Nigeria in plant breeding, plant pathology, • Emile Frison, Director General, Bioversity International virology and agronomy. As a researcher in Nigeria, she bred improved groundnut varieties for West Africa before moving into research management with international organizations, • Judith Portrait, Partner, Portrait Solicitors in Association with SNR Denton UK LLP (until March 2012) including USAID and other CGIAR centres. From 2002 to 2008 she was responsible for three research institutions at the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa before moving to • Simon Weil, Partner of Bircham Dyson Bell LLP the University of Venda as Director of Research. • Paul Zuckerman, CEO, Zuckerman and Associates LLC 31 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES Adéoti, R; Alain R; Dansi, A; Ahohuendo, Bourdeix, R; Johnson, V; Baudouin, L; De Leonardis, W; De Santis, C; Fichera, African Journal of Agricultural Research Mountain Research and Development BC; Santoni, S; Beulé, T et al. 2011. Tuia, VS; Kete, T; Planes, S et al. 2011. G; Torrisi, A; Padulosi, S. 2011. Seed 6(27):5891-5904. 31(1):16-26. Assessment of genetic diversity among Polymotu: A new concept of island- morphobiometry of wild and cultivated accessions of two traditional leafy based germplasm bank based on an taxa of Phaseolus L. (Fabaceae). Indian Fanzo, J. 2011. IFPRI`s 2020 conference González-Arnao, MT; Engelmann, vegetables (Acmella uliginosa (L.) and old Polynesian practice. Ogasawara Journal of Plant Genetic Resources on leveraging agriculture for improving F. 2011. Current development and Justicia tenella (Nees) consumed in Research 37:33-51. 24(3):257-264. nutrition and health: keeping the application of plant cryopreservation in Benin using amplified fragment length momentum and translating ideas into Latin America and the Caribbean. Acta polymorphism (AFLP) markers. African Burchi, F; Fanzo, J; Frison, E. 2011. DeClerck, FA; Fanzo, J; Palm, action. Food Security 3(2): p. 263-265. Horticulturae 908:447-451. Journal of Biotechnology 10(15):2811- The role of food and nutrition system C; Remans, R. 2011. Ecological 2819. approaches in tackling hidden hunger. approaches to human nutrition. Food Fanzo, JC; Pronyk, PM. 2011. A review Guo, Y; Li, Y; Huang, Y; Jarvis, D; Sato, International Journal of Environmental and Nutrition Bulletin 32(1):S41-S50. of global progress toward the Millennium K; Kato, K et al. 2011. Genetic diversity Arango, RE; Togawa, RC; Carpentier, Research and Public Health 8:358-373. Development Goal 1 Hunger Target. analysis of hulless barley from Shangri- SC; Roux, N; Hekkert, BL; Kema, GHJ Dheda Djailo, B; Nzawele, BD; Roux, N; Food and Nutrition Bulletin 32(2):144- la region revealed by SSR and AFLP et al. 2011. Genome-wide BAC-end Carpentier, SC; Panis, B; Renaut, J; Ngezahayo, F; Vigheri, N; DeLanghe, 158. markers. Genetic Resources and Crop sequencing of Musa acuminata DH Samyn, B; Vertommen, A; Vanhove, E; et al. 2011. Musa collection and Evolution On-line first: DOI:10.1007/ Pahang reveals further insights into the AC; Swennen, R; Sergeant K. 2011. The characterization work in Central and Fki, L; Bouaziz, N; Sahnoun, N; s10722-011-9783-5. genome organization of banana. Tree use of 2D-electrophoresis and de novo Eastern DR Congo: a chronological Swennen, R; Drir, N; Panis B. 2011. Palm Genetics & Genomes 7(5):933-940. sequencing to characterize inter- and overview. Acta Horticulturae 897:87-94. cryobanking. Cryo Letters 32(6):451- Gupta, D; Taylor, WJ; Inder, P; Phan, intra-cultivar protein polymorphisms 462. HTT; Ellwood, SR; Mathur, PN et al. Bajracharya, J; Brown, AHD; Joshi, BK; in an alloploid crop. Phytochemistry Dita, MA; Waalwijk, C; Paiva, LV; Souza 2011. Integration of EST-SSR markers Panday, D; Baniya, B. 2011. Traditional 72:1243-1250. MT Jr; Kema, GHJ. 2011. A greenhouse Fki, L; Sahnoun, N; Bouaziz, N; of Medicago truncatula into intraspecific seed management and genetic bioassay for the Fusarium oxysporum Bouattour, O; Guarbaya, M; Saidi, linkage map of lentil and identification of diversity in barley varieties in high-hill Channelière, S; Van den Houwe, I; f. sp. cubense x ‘Grand Naine’ (Musa, MN et al. 2011. Cryopreservation of QTL conferring resistance to ascochyta agro-ecosystems of Nepal. Genetic Arnaud, E; Horry, JP, Ruas, M; Roux, AAA, Cavendish subgroup) interaction. date palm highly regenerable tissues blight at seedling and pod stages. Resources and Crop Evolution:1-10. N. 2011. Standardized procedure for Acta Horticulturae 897:377-380. using vitrification procedures. Acta Molecular Biology 30(1):429-439. Musa germplasm characterization. Acta Horticulturae 908:219-226. Barraco, G; Sylvestre, I; Engelmann, Horticulturae 897:113-121. Dzikiti, S; Verreynne, JS; Stuckens, J; Guzmán, E; Bradai, F; Panis, B; Sánchez- F. 2011.Comparing encapsulation- Strever, A; Verstraete, WW; Swennen, Ford-Lloyd, BV; Schmidt, M; Armstrong, Romero, C. 2011. Cryopreservation of dehydration and droplet-vitrification Christelová, P; Valárik, M; Hřibová, E; R et al. 2011. Seasonal variation in SJ; Barazani, O;Engels, J; Hadas, avocado embryogenic cultures. Acta for cryopreservation of sugarcane Van den Houwe, I; Channelière, S; Roux, canopy reflectance and its application R et al. 2011. Crop wild relatives - Horticulturae 908:215-226. (Saccharum spp.) shoot tips. Scientia N et al. 2011. A platform for efficient to determine the water status and water undervalued, underutilized and under Horticulturae 130(1):320-324. genotyping in Musa using microsatellite use by citrus trees in the Western Cape, threat? BioScience 61(7):559-565. Haglund, E; Ndjeunga, J; Snook, markers. AoB Plants Special issue South Africa. Agricultural and Forest L; Pasternak, D. 2011. Dry land tree Barraco, G; Sylvestre, I; Iapichino, G; plr024:1-14. Meteorology 151:1035-1044. Frison, E; Cherfas, J; Hodgkin, T. 2011. management for improved household Engelmann, F. 2011. Cryopreservation Agricultural biodiversity is essential for livelihoods: farmer managed natural of Limonium serotinum apical meristems Christensen, S.; Von Bothmer, R; Ekesa, B; Blomme, G; Garming, H. a sustainable improvement in food and regeneration in Niger. Journal of from in vitro plantlets using droplet- Poulsen, G; Maggioni, L; Phillip, 2011. Dietary diversity and nutritional nutrition security. Sustainability 3:238- Environmental Management 92(7):1696- vitrification. Scientia Horticulturae M; Andersen, BAet al. 2011. AFLP status of pre-school children from 253. 1705. 130(1):309-313. analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale Musa-dependent households in Gitega (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (Burundi) and Butembo (Democratic Fungo, R; Pillay, M. 2011. ß-Carotene Henry, IM; Carpentier, SC; Pampurova, Bellon, M; Hellin, J. 2011. Planting (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and Republic of Congo). African Journal content of selected banana genotypes S; Van Hoylandt, A; Panis, B; Swennen, hybrids, keeping landraces: agricultural wild populations in Europe. Euphytica of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and from Uganda. African Journal of R. 2011. Structure and regulation of modernization and tradition among 58(5):657-666. Development 11(4):15. Biotechnology 10(28):5423-5430. the Asr gene family in banana. Planta small-scale maize farmers in Chiapas, 234(4):785-798. Mexico. World Development 39(8):1434- Condello, E; Caboni, E; André, E; Piette, Engelmann, F. 2011. Encapsulation- Gámez-Pastrana, R; González-Arnao, 1443. B; Druart, P; Swennen, R; Panis, B. dehydration for cryopreservation: past, MT; Martínez-Ocampo, Y; Engelmann, Hermanto, C; Sutanto, A; Jumjunidang; 2011. Cryopreservation of apple in vitro present and future. Acta Horticulturae F. 2011. Thermal events in calcium Edison, HS; Daniells, JW; O’Neill, WT Bellon, MR; Hodson, D; Hellin, J. 2011. axillary buds using droplet-vitrification. 908:165-171. alginate beads during encapsulation- et al. 2011. Incidence and distribution Assessing the vulnerability of traditional Cryo Letters 32(2):175-185. dehydration and encapsulation- of Fusarium wilt disease of banana in maize seed systems in Mexcio to climate Engelmann, F. 2011. Use of vitrification protocols. Acta Horticulturae Indonesia. Acta Horticulturae 897:313- change. Proceedings of the National Damiano, C; Caboni, E; Frattarelli, A; biotechnologies for the conservation of 908:47-54. 322. Academy of Science of the United Condello, E; Arias, M; Engelmann, plant biodiversity. In Vitro Cellular and States of America 108(33):13432- F. 2011.Cryopreservation of fruit Development Biology - Plant 47(1):5-16. Garming, H; Guardia, S; Pocasangre, L; Herradura, LE; Lobres, MaA; De Waele, 13437. tree species through encapsulation- Staver, C. 2011. Farmers’ community D; Davide, RG; Van den Bergh, I. 2011. dehydration at the CRA – Fruit Research Etèka, CA; Ahohuendo, BC; Dansi, entreprise for marketing organic Host response of Southeast Asian Bhag Mal; Rao, VR; Sthapit, B; Sajise, Centre of Rome. Acta Horticulturae A; Assogba-Komlan, F; Vodouhè, bananas from Alto Beni, Bolivia: Impacts Musa genotypes to Radopholus similis. P. 2011. Conservation and sustainable 908:187-190. R; Ahoton, LE et al. 2011. Diversity, and threats. Enterprise Development International Journal of Nematology use of tropical fruit species diversity: cultural practices and domestication of and Microfinance 22(3):210-224. 21:225-233. Bioversity’s efforts in Asia, the Pacific Davey, MW; Van den Bergh, I; Roux, N. Sesamum radiatum Thonn. ex Hornem and Oceania. Indian Journal of Plant 2011. Vitamin A biofortification in Musa: and Justicia tenella (Nees) T., two Giuliani, A; Van Oudenhoven, F; Jarvis, DI; Hodgkin, T; Sthapit, BR; Genetic Resources 24(1):1-22. status, bottlenecks and prospects. Acta neglected and underutilized traditional Mubalieva, S. 2011. Agricultural Fadda, C; Lopez-Noriega, I. 2011. An Horticulturae 897:169-177. leafy vegetables consumed in Benin. biodiversity in the Tajik Pamirs. heuristic framework for identifying 33 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES multiple ways of supporting the host reaction to Fusarium oxysporum (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl.) Stuckens, J, Dzikiti, S; Verstraeten, Journal of Proteomics 74(8):1165-1181. conservation and use of traditional f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 and in vitro buds using vitrification-based WW; Verreynne, S; Swennen, R; Coppin, crop varieties within the agricultural agronomic performance of somaclonal techniques. Cryo Letters 32(2): 99-110. P. 2011. Physiological interpretation Vodouhè, R; Dansi, A; Avohou, HT; production system. Critical Reviews in variant ‘GCTCV-119’ (AAA, Cavendish) of a hyperspectral time series in a Kpèki, B; Azihou, F. 2011. Plant Plant Sciences 30(1-2):125-176. and ‘Grand naine’ (AAA, Cavendish) in Panis, B; Piette, B; André, E; Van citrus orchard. Agricultural and Forest domestication and its contributions to in commercial farms in the Philippines. den Houwe, I; Swennen, R. 2011. Meteorology 151:1002-1015. situ conservation of genetic resources in Jogo, W; Karamura, E; Kubiriba, J; Acta Horticulturae 897:399-402. Droplet vitrification: the first generic Benin. International Journal of Biodiversity Tinzaara, W; Rietveld, A; Onyango, M; cryopreservation protocol for organized Stuckens, J; Swennen, R; Coppin, P; and Conservation 3 (2):40-56. Odongo, M. 2011. Farmers’ awareness Narloch, U; Pascual, U; Drucker, AG. plant tissues? Acta Horticulturae Dzikiti, S; Verreynne, S; Verstraeten, and application of banana Xanthomonas 2011. Cost-effectiveness targeting 908:157-164. WW. 2011. Extracting physiological Vos, C; Claerhout, S; Mkandawire, R; wilt control options: The case of Uganda under multiple conservation goals and info from a hyperspectral time series Panis, B; De Waele, D; Elsen A. 2011. and Kenya. Journal of Development and equity considerations in the Andes . Pascual, U; Narloch, U; Nordhagen, of a citrus orchard. Acta Horticulturae Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce Agricultural Economics 3 (11):561-571. Environmental Conservation 38:417-42. S; Drucker, AG. 2011. The economics 919:11-18. root-knot nematode penetration of agrobiodiversity conservation for through altered root exudation of their Karamura, D; Kiggundu, A; Karamura, Narloch, U; Drucker, AG; Pascual, U. food security under climate change. Swennen, R; Carpentier, SC; Henry, host. Plant and Soil 354(1-2):335-345. E. 2011. The complementarity of 2011. Payments for agrobiodiversity Economia Agraria y Recursos Naturales IM; Vertommen, A; Van den Houwe, farmers’ and botanical descriptors conservation services for sustained 11(1):191-220. I; Kovacs, G et al. 2011. From Vujovic, T; Sylvestre, I; Ruzic, D; of the East African Highland banana on-farm utilization of plant and fundamental research discoveries to Engelmann, F. 2011. Droplet-vitrification cultivars (Musa, AAA). Acta Horticulturae animal genetic resources. Ecological Pereira, LC; Ngoh Newilah, GB; applications for banana improvement. of apical shoot tips of Rubus fruticosus 897:107-112. Economics 70(11):1837–1845. Davey, MW; Van den Bergh, I. 2011. Acta Horticulturae 897:47-53. L. and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Scientia Validation of rapid (colour-based) pre- Horticulturae 130(1):222-228. Kim, HH; Lee, YG; Shin, DJ; Ko, HC; Gwag, Niyongere, C; Ateka, E; Losenge, T; screening techniques for analysis of fruit Tinzaara, W; Gold, CS; Dicke, M; Van JG; Cho, EG et al. 2011.Development of Blomme G; Lepoint, P. 2011. Screening provitamin A contents in banana (Musa Huis, A; Ragama, PE. 2011. Effect of Xu, CX; Li, YN; Deng, XF; Chen, HB; alternative plant vitrification solutions Musa genotypes for Banana bunchy spp.). Acta Horticulturae 897:161-168. age, female mating status and density Panis, B. 2011. Ultrastructural changes in droplet-vitrification procedures. Acta top virus resistance in Burundi. Acta on the banana weevil response to in suspension cultures of banana (Musa Horticulturae 908:181-186. Horticulturae 897:439-447. Pocasangre, LE; Ploetz, RC; Molina, AB; aggregation pheromone. African Crop spp. AAA) during cryopreservation by Perez Vicente, L. 2011. Raising awareness Science Journal 19(2):105-116. vitrification. Acta Horticulturae 908:73-81. Lamoureux, D; Sorokin, A; Lefevre, I; Nolivos, I; Van Biesen, L; Swennen, R. of the threat of Fusarium wilt tropical race Alexanian, S; Eyzaguirre, P; Hausman, J. 2011.Modelling an intensive banana 4 in Latin America and the Caribbean. Trognitz, B; Scheldeman, X; Hansel- Yin, Z; Feng, C; Wang, B; Wang, Q; 2011. Investigation of genetic diversity cropping system in Ecuador using a Acta Horticulturae 897:331-337. Hohl, K; Kuant, A; Grebe, H; Hermann, Engelmann, F; Lambardi, M et al. in Russian collections of raspberry Bayesian Network. Acta Horticulturae M. 2011. Genetic population structure 2011. Cryotherapy of shoot tips: a and blue honeysuckle. Plant Genetic 919:89-98. Remans, R; Flynn, DFB; De Clerck, of cacao plantings within a young newly emerging technique for efficient Resources 9(2):202-205. F; Diru, W; Fanzo, J; Gaynor, K et al. production area in Nicaragua. PLoS one elimination of plant pathogens. Acta O’Neill, WT; Pattison, AB; Daniells, 2011. Assessing nutritional diversity of 6(1): e16056. Horticulturae 908:373-384. Lee, YG; Popova, E; Cui, HY; Kim, HH; JW; Hermanto, C; Molina A. 2011. cropping systems in African villages. Park, SU; Bae, CH et al. 2011. Improved Vegetative compatibility group analysis PLoS one 6(6): e21235. Ureta, C; Martínez-Meyer, E; Perales cryopreservation of chrysanthemum of Indonesian Fusarium oxysporum f. HR; Álvarez-Buylla, ER. 2011. Projecting (Chrysanthemum morifolium) using sp. cubense isolates. Acta Horticulturae Remmerie, N; De Vijlder, T; Valkenborg, the effects of climate change on the droplet-vitrification. Cryo Letters 897:345-351. D; Laukens, K; Smets, K; Vreeken, J distribution of maize races and their 32(6):487-497. et al. 2011. Unraveling tobacco BY-2 wild relatives in Mexico. Global Change Onyango, M; Karamura, D; Keeley, protein complexes with BN PAGE/ Biology 18(3):1073-1082. Lemawork, S; Azerefegne, F; Alemu,T; S; Manshardt, R; Haymer, D. 2011. LC-MS/MS and clustering methods. Addis, T; Blomme, G. 2011. Evaluation Morphological characterisation of East Journal of Proteomics 74(8):1201-1217. van Etten, J. 2011. Crowdsourcing crop of entomopathogenic fungi against African AAB and AA dessert bananas improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: a Cataenococcus ensete [Williams (Musa spp.). Acta Horticulturae Renaut, J; Svensson, B; Jorrin-Novo, proposal for a scalable and inclusive and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: 897:95-105. JV; Panis, B. 2011. Plant proteomics in approach to food security. IDS Bulletin Pseudococcidae)] on enset. Crop Europe - COST action FAO603. Journal 42(4):102–110. Protection 30(4):401-404. Osorio-Saenz, A; Mascorro-Gallardo, J; of Proteomics 74:1161-1164. del Rocio Valle-Sandoval, M; González- Van Oudenhoven, FJW; Mijatovic, D; Maharjan SK; Sigdel, ER; Sthapit, BR; Arnao, M; Engelmann, F. 2011. Genetically Ribeiro, LR; Amorim, EP; Cordeiro, Eyzaguirre, PB. 2011. Social-ecological Regmi, BR. 2011. Tharu community’s engineered trehalose accumulation ZJM; de Oliveira e Silva, S; Dita, indicators of resilience in agrarian and perception on climate changes and improves cryopreservation tolerance MA. 2011. Discrimination of banana natural landscapes. Management of their adaptive initiations to withstand of chrysanthemum (Dendrathema genotypes for Fusarium wilt resistance Environmental Quality: An International its impacts in Western Terai of Nepal. grandiflorum Kitham.) shoot-tips. in the greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae Journal 22 (2):154-173. International Journal of the Physical CryoLetters 32(6): p. 477-486. 897:381-385. Sciences 6(2):035-042. Vertommen, A; Møller, ALB; Cordewener, Ozudogru, EA; Kirdok, E; Kaya, E; Roux, N; Rouard, M; Huang, XL; Smith, JH; Swennen, R; Panis, B; Finnie, C et Mokoumbi, YD; Sie, M; Vodouhe, Capuana, M; De Carlo, A; Engelmann, M. 2011. Opportunities for bridging the al. 2011. A workflow for peptide-based R; N’dri, B; Toulou, B; Ogunpayo, F. 2011. Medium-term conservation gap between genomics and genetic proteomics in a poorly sequenced plant: SA; Ahanchede, A. 2011. Assessing of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens improvement in Musa spp. Acta a case study on the plasma membrane phenotypic diversity of interspecific (D. Don.) Endl.) in vitro shoot cultures Horticulturae 897:509-515. proteome of banana. Journal of rice varieties using agro-morphological and encapsulated buds. Scientia Proteomics 74(8):1218-1229. characterization. Journal of Plant Horticulturae 127(3):431-435. Sajini, KK; Karun, A; Amarnath, CH; Breeding and Crop Science 3(5):74-86. Engelmann, F. 2011. Cryopreservation Vertommen, A; Panis, B; Swennen, Ozudogru, EA; Kirdok, E; Kaya, E; of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) zygotic R; Carpentier, SC. 2011. Challenges Molina, AB; Fabregar, EG; Soquita, RO; Capuana, M; Benelli, C; Engelmann, embryos by vitrification. Cryo Letters and solutions for the identification of Sinohin, VGO. 2011. Comparison of F. 2011. Cryopreservation of redwood 32(4):317-328. membrane proteins in non-model plants. 35 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS THE YEAR AHEAD • Alercia, A. 2011. Key characterization and 2012 GOALS FIND BIOVERSITY evaluation descriptors: Methodologies for the assessment of 22 crops. Bioversity International has many goals INTERNATIONAL AT Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. to expand research in agricultural and THESE 2012 EVENTS • Benson, EE; Harding, K; Debouck, D; tree biodiversity in the next 12 months Dumet, D, Escobar, R; Mafla, G; Panis, B; including: • International Day for Biological Panta, A, Tay, D, van den Houwe, I; Roux, Diversity—22 May N. 2011. Refinement and standardization • Appointments of Programme Leaders of storage procedures for clonal crops. • Rio+20: UN Conference on Global Public Goods Phase 2: Part I. • Launch of 10-year Strategic Priorities Sustainable Development—20-22 Project landscape and general status and Research Agenda June in Rio, Brazil of clonal crop in vitro conservation technologies. System-wide Genetic • Collaboration with CGIAR centers in nine • IUCN World Conservation Resources Programme, Rome, Italy. of the new CGIAR Research Programs Congress—6-15 September in Jeju, Korea • Bioversity International nutrition • Collaboration with the new CGIAR strategy 2011-2021. Bioversity CEO, to be announced in 2012 • Sustainable diets—a dicussion and International, Rome, Italy. debate hosted by Bioversity UK Board • Participation in the International Forum of Trustees, 8 October, London • Fanzo, J; Holmes, M; Junega, P; for Landscapes for People, Food and Musinguzi, E; Smith, IF; Ekesa, B; Nature, Nairobi, March 2012 Bergamini, N. 2011. Improving nutrition • Convention on Biological Diversity, with agricultural biodiversity. Bioversity 11th meeting of the Conference of the • Participation in the World Nutrition International, Italy. Parties—8-19 October in Hyderabad, Congress in Rio and launch of new India funded project • Frison, C; Lopez, F; Alcazar, JE. 2011. Plant Genetic Resources and Food • Committee on Food Security—15-20 • Release of research tools, books, and Security – Stakeholder Perspectives October in Rome on the International Treaty on Plant In: Yadav, SS; Redden, R; Hatfield, JL; papers from Bioversity Interntaional Genetic Resources for Food and Lotze-Campen, H; Hall, A; editors. Crop experts • World Food Day—16 October in Agriculture. Bioversity International, and adaptation to climate change. John Wiley Rome the Food and Agriculture Organization of & Sons, Chichester, UK. pp. 507-521. • Increased partnerships and collaboration the United Nations (FAO) with Earthscan, • Global Conference on Agricultural • Rudebjer, P; Van Schagen, B; Chakeredza, London, UK. • Significant collaboration with Rome- S; Njoroge, K; Kamau, H; Baena, M. Research for Development—29 based UN agencies FAO, IFAD and • Fungo, R. 2011. An Analysis of The 2011. Teaching agrobiodiversity for October-1 November in Punta del WFP on project and initiatives Nutrition Situation, Agroecosystems food and agriculture: a curriculum Este, Uruguay and Food Systems Of West and Central guide for higher education. Bioversity • Launch of Bioversity International Africa – A Landscape Analysis Of The International, Rome, Italy. • Feeding the World (The Fellows website Economist)—15-16 November in West And Central African Region. • The impact of diversity field forums: Johannesburg, South Africa Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. • Research output from newly funded improving farmer management of research projects millet and sorghum in Mali - Case • Premio Daniel Carasso Award • Guarino L, Ramanatha Rao V, Goldberg E, editors. 2011. Collecting Plant Genetic studies from the Genetic Resources Ceremony—26-27 November in Diversity: Technical Guidelines - 2011 Policy Initiative. Bioversity International, • Celebration of the International Day for Madrid Update Rome, Italy. Biological Diversity . Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. • Doha Climate Change • van Oudenhoven, F. 2011. Roots of • Continued initiatives celebrating the Conference—26 November-7 our people—Fruit trees and their UN Decade on Biodiversity • Maundu, P; Morimoto, Y; Towett, E; December in Doha, Qatar custodians in Kyrgyzstan and Ombonya JA; Obel-Lawson, E. 2011. Tajikistan. Bioversity International, • Preparation for the International Year of Mboga za Watu wa Pwani – Kilifi Rome, Italy. Quinoa in 2013 Utamaduni Conservation Group. Bioversity International and International Fund for • Wale, E; Drucker, AG; Zander, KK. 2011. Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome, Italy. The economics of managing crop diversity on-farm. Earthscan, London, UK. • Padulosi, S; Heywood, V; Hunter, D; Jarvis, A. 2011. Chapter 26: Underutilized species and climate change: current status and outlook. 37 ESTABLISHMENT AGREEMENT The international status of Bioversity International is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by December 2011, had been signed by the Governments of: Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Nepal, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. CREDITS Director General Emile Frison Head of Communications Kirsten Khire Writing and Editing by Nora Capozio, Samantha Collins, Kirsten Khire, Marta Millere and Camilla Zanzanaini Special thanks to Jeremy Cherfas, Vincent Johnson and David Williams Design and Layout by Nora Capozio and Camilla Zanzanaini Photo credits Bioversity International Cover: Bhuwon Sthapit; p 1 Bhuwon Sthapit; p 2-3 Barbara Vinceti; p 4 Akwesi Atta-Krah; p 5 Laura Snook; p 6-7 Samantha Collins; p 8 Shawn Landersz; p 9 Bhuwon Sthapit; p 10-11 Bhuwon Sthapit; p 12 Bhuwon Sthapit; p 13 Elisabetta Gotor; p 14-15 Andreas Melikyan; p 16 Shawn Landersz; p 17 Laura Snook; p 18-19 Andy Jarvis; p 20-21 Shawn Landersz; p 22-23 Tsega Wolday; p 27 Bhuwon Sthapit; p 30-31 Barbara Vinceti; p 33 Bhuwon Sthapit; p 35 Enoch Achigan. 2011 ANNUALREPORT Sustainable agriculture for food and nutrition security Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food secure future. Bioversity International is registered as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in the US. Bioversity International (UK) is a Registered UK Charity No. 1131854. © Bioversity International 2012 Bioversity Headquarters Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese, (Fiumicino) Rome, Italy www.bioversityinternational.org Tel. (39) 06 61181 Fax. (39) 06 61979661 Email: bioversity@cgiar.org ISBN: 978-92-9043-921-9