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Contents
Introductory Message 2
Research Highlights 4
Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of Agrobiodiversity 4
Conservation and Use of Tropical Genetic Resources 4
Bean Improvement for the Tropics 6
Improved Cassava for the Developing World 7
Improved Rice for Latin America and the Caribbean 9
Tropical Grasses and Legumes 10
Tropical Fruits 11
People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics 12
Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management 12
Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) 13
Rural Agroenterprise Development 15
Participatory Research Approaches 16
Spatial and Economic Analysis for Decision and Policy Support in Agriculture and the Environment 18
CIAT in the Regions 20
Regional Coordination—Africa 20
Regional Coordination—Asia 20
Regional Coordination—Central America and the Caribbean 22
Public–Private Partnerships and Agronatura Science Park 24
Latin American and Caribbean Consortium to Support Cassava Research and Development (CLAYUCA) 24
Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR) 26
Cooperation with Colombia 27
Challenge Programs and System-Wide Initiatives 28
HarvestPlus Challenge Program 28
Generation Challenge Program 29
Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP) 29
Water and Food Challenge Program 30
Tropical Whitefly IPM Project 31
Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA) 32
Amazon Eco-Regional Program 33
An Overview of CIAT 34
Donors 34
Mission 35
Project Portfolio 35
Financial Results 35
Board of Trustees 38
Who’s Who 39
CIAT around the World 42
Acronyms and Abbreviations 45
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CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
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CIAT Annual Report
2005-2006
1
CIAT Archive
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Introductory Message
CIAT is dedicated to using science to help the rural poor CIAT’s research is addressing issues that are neither trivial
improve their livelihoods. The programs highlighted in nor easy to solve. As a result, the Center continues to
this Annual Report show how CIAT scientists in pursue opportunities to enhance its effectiveness. As
collaboration with researchers, community groups, mentioned earlier, the past year provided unique
farmers, and other partners are seeking to make small- opportunities for reflection and forward planning by CIAT
scale agriculture more competitive, protect and improve staff and management. The Center benefited from four
local agroecosystems, while stimulating rural innovation concurrent external reviews that were commissioned in
and entrepreneurship. To achieve these objectives, CIAT May 2006. These reviews assessed CIAT’s major program
is reorganizing its research under two major themes— areas as well as the overall governance and management
Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of Agrobiodiversity of the Center. The review teams drew attention to the
and People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics—in high quality of both Center staff and the research that was
response to a series of external reviews. These changes in undertaken. In particular, the reviews noted CIAT’s
programming will continue the implementation of CIAT’s proven ability to integrate biophysical and social
Strategic Plan 2001–2010. scientists into teams dedicated to problem solving.
Among the more than 60 specific recommendations of the
Each theme addresses global challenges and presents teams, there were two substantive program
important opportunities to improve rural livelihoods. recommendations: the need to more tightly focus the
Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of Agrobiodiversity research program; and the desirability to attain greater
will evolve to focus on developing clearly defined public
goods by working closely with partners. It will seek to
share genetic resources with other research centers and
to develop and introduce, in collaboration with local
farmers, improved varieties of important tropical crops.
Its objectives are to strengthen international collections
of important genetic materials and to use these resources
to enhance the competitiveness and profitability of local
farm operations and achieve food security.
The People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics program
will provide an institutional focus on integrated
management of ecosystems in the tropics to attain food
security, economic productivity, and agroecosystem
stability. It will address the challenges related to land and
crop degradation caused by economic pressures and the
lack of appropriate knowledge and technical solutions. Its
objectives are to improve local decision-making, work
with rural communities to develop improved farming
practices that can be implemented on a wider scale, and
jointly exploit new market opportunities that foster
income generation and make technologies and markets
work to benefit the poor.
2
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
Joachim Voss
integration of the research program to deliver clearly and partners to identify and select a limited number of
identified products. Given the importance of these focal products. The identified products will then be
recommendations to future programming, as well as developed and tested with the target groups and
pressures created by declines in external funding, CIAT development stakeholders.
management has taken appropriate steps to further focus
and integrate its research agenda. A concentration on fewer, well selected, areas of high
potential benefit to the poor in the tropics will allow CIAT
Changes always represent significant challenges to staff; to achieve fresh vigor and greater impact. In our
however, they offer opportunities for CIAT to build on its experience, research focused on a well-defined
recognized strength in interdisciplinary research. The development outcome is one of the best ways to induce
coming year will witness the creation of a working effective interdisciplinary integration. Some of these
environment that will facilitate and enable truly products will be straightforward and rather obvious, such
interdisciplinary research. To achieve this transition, as working to improve beans, cassava, forages, and rice,
CIAT will evolve from a multi-project based organization within which we are already focusing on stress resistance,
into a targeted, product-based organization. These improved nutritional quality, and increased productivity.
products are expected to range from improved Other products will be more complex, such as the
germplasm to integrated management systems. CIAT is development of policies, institutions, and technologies
currently embarking on a participatory process with staff that can establish markets, especially for high-value
products, to benefit the poor.
The long-term plan is to have identified the products,
developed the research plans, and organized the research
teams by the end of this year for full implementation in
2007. In parallel, scientists will now belong to
“communities of practice” that represent their skill sets.
Particularly, social scientists will become embedded
within each interdisciplinary project.
Significant challenges lie ahead for CIAT’s staff and
partners. However, we are confident that our
rededication to collaborative multidisciplinary research
on clearly articulated products will allow us to continue
to enhance our reputation as a results-oriented, high-
quality organization. We look forward to meeting the
challenges that lie ahead.
Yves Savidan Joachim Voss
Board Chair Director General
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Research Highlights
Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of Agrobiodiversity
Goal: Conservation and Use of Tropical Genetic Resources
Contribute to www.ciat.cgiar.org/biotechnology/index.htm
diminishing the risk of
genetic collapse of crops Promote more efficient conservation and use of agrobiodiversity by developing novel technologies
by producing, for assessing the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated gene pools and conserving seeds and
preserving, genetic information; and broadening the genetic base of crops through research partnerships.
and disseminating
germplasm specifically International conservation standards United Nations (FAO) designated
adapted to multiple Good progress was made on upgrading collections for three commodity crops
biotic and abiotic the CGIAR1 genebanks at CIAT. Accessions (beans, cassava, and tropical forages)—a
stresses in of more than 10,000 beans and clear indication of continuing interest in
the tropics. 5,000 tropical forages were planted to the FAO collections. A new Web site was
increase the availability of seed and to also designed to make it easier for
Objective: replace aging seeds. The Genetic Internet users to consult the databases
Contribute to the Resources Unit (GRU) operates four field and request materials. To date, more
sustainable increase of stations in Colombia: Palmira, Quilichao, than 21,000 digital images have been
productivity and quality Popayán, and Tenerife. More than 10,000 taken of seeds, cassava-root sections,
of mandated and accessions were harvested, processed, forage plants, and herbarium vouchers to
other priority crops, and and dried; nearly 2,500 accessions were help users tailor their germplasm
to the conservation of secured in the long-term vault; and the requests. More than 80% of the entire
agrobiodiversity in viability of almost 5,000 seed accessions cassava collection has been tested and
tropical countries for the was tested. To date, about 12,000 seed certified against important viruses.
benefit of the poor. accessions of beans and forages have
been shipped to CIMMYT for backup, and Social relevance of conservation efforts
close to 1,200 accessions of cassava have After hurricane Katrina devastated
been shipped to CIP. The core cassava several areas of the Caribbean in August
collection (630 accessions) is presently 2005, GRU was able to help restore
conserved in liquid nitrogen to test the cassava clones in Cuba. A study was also
use of this method as a security backup of completed with the Colombian
the entire collection at the International Corporation for Agricultural Research
Network for the Improvement of Banana (CORPOICA) to determine the diversity
and Plantain (INIBAP). and redundancy in the national
collection of avocado in Colombia. To
International service to world agriculture help expand the cassava collection, while
In 2005, GRU distributed almost reducing costs of in vitro maintenance,
8,500 samples of accessions from the research was undertaken to track down
Food and Agriculture Organization of the duplicated accessions. At the request of
1.   A list of all acronyms and abbreviations is included at the end of this report.
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the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural local varieties were used to establish
Development (MADR), a protocol was breeding trials with the Department for
developed to conserve seeds of the peach Research and Development (DRD) at the
palm in liquid nitrogen. This method Chambezi experimental station, which is
may also be used for other palm species situated about 60 km northwest of Dar es
such as the African oil palm, which can Salaam. More than 20,000 crosses have
be used to produce biodiesel. been made, and it is expected that a total 1.
of 60,000 sexual seeds will be produced. GRU staff supervises research
International cooperation and capacity The seeds were planted in January 2006, by graduate students.
building and molecular markers will be used to 2.
Throughout the year, GRU staff identify disease- and pest-resistant In 2005, GRU distributed
continued their efforts to interact with genotypes for further trials. almost 8,500 samples of
peers. This work included lectures, accessions.
presentations, input into training Molecular analysis
courses, poster presentations, and Wild rice species are valuable genetic 3.
publications. In addition, GRU staff resources that can be used to broaden The core cassava collection.
supervised research by graduate the genetic base of cultivated rice. Two
students. rice samples collected in Salahondita and
Santa Rosa in Colombia were identified as
Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) tetraploids belonging to the species Oryza
Many African countries have latifolia. These tetraploid species are a
experienced low adoption rates of valuable genetic resource for genetic and
improved cassava genotypes produced breeding purposes. After several
by centralized breeding programs. For backcrosses to Oryza sativa, fertile plants
this reason, a decentralized breeding were recovered with introgressed traits
scheme was instituted in Tanzania that derived from the wild progenitor. Some
used MAS and participatory plant plants also had additional chromosomes.
breeding (PPB). The objective was to Polymorphic markers were identified
improve the pest and disease resistance that could be used to assess
of local, farmer-preferred varieties. introgressions from the wild progenitor.
Introductions of cassava from CIAT that Preliminary results showed that
had resistance to cassava mosaic disease O. latifolia is resistant to rice blast, rice
and to the cassava green mite were hoja blanca virus (RHBV), and Tagosodes
evaluated in the field, and 80 genotypes oryzicola (the vector of RHBV). This
were selected. Simultaneously, more finding is very important because new
than 50 local varieties were selected alleles are now available for further
from the Southern and Eastern zones of breeding work.
Tanzania. The CIAT introductions and
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Bean Improvement for the Tropics
www.ciat.cgiar.org/beans/index.htm
Increase bean productivity through improved cultivars and natural resource management
practices in partnership with national programs and regional networks.
1. Participatory plant breeding (PPB) were identified by the community of
The marketability (for both
domestic and export A monitoring tour by 14 scientists from Bukoba in collaboration with the
concerns) is increasingly national agricultural research centers National Agricultural Research
important, even for the (NARS) in eight countries was conducted Organisation (NARO).
poorest. in May 2005 to highlight trends and
accomplishments of the bean networks. The bean networks and ECABREN, in
More than half of the plant breeders in particular, are developing the capacity to
the Eastern and Central Africa Bean have farmer evaluations taken seriously
Research Network (ECABREN) and the as an input, and even a determining
Southern Africa Bean Research Network factor, in the official release of new
(SABRN) are using PPB approaches for varieties and in the introduction of PPB
variety selection and breeding. In the last varieties. The variety-preference criteria
3 years, the bean networks have been of different users groups (women, men,
successful in getting PPB-selected market-preferences, and home
varieties released through the formal consumption) are now well understood
agricultural systems. In Ethiopia, two across a range of agroecological zones
varieties were released by the Ethiopian and are being used to fine-tune formal
Agricultural Research Organization breeding programs. Although yield and
(EARO) [now called the Ethiopian disease resistance remain among the key
Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR)] decision-making criteria, three other
in 2003, and three more are in the criteria stand out across sites: early
pipeline. As well, two varieties from work maturity (linked to both drought escape
led by the Southern Agricultural and to “filling the hunger gap”) is
Research Institute (SARI) were released in perhaps first priority (ahead of absolute
2002, and two other varieties were yield) in moisture-stressed regions;
recommended for region-specific use. In marketability (for both domestic and
northern Tanzania, farming export concerns) is increasingly
communities, in collaboration with the important, even for the poorest; and
Selian Agricultural Research Institute cooking time (as well as taste) have risen in
(SARI), have selected nine new varieties importance as rural farmers move to
that will enter seed multiplication in supply town and urban markets, and as
2006. In Southern Uganda, two varieties fuelwood becomes harder to obtain.
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CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
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Improved Cassava for the Developing World
www.ciat.cgiar.org/yuca/inicio.htm
Improve cassava production and diversify its end uses by generating high-quality germplasm,
new tools, and knowledge that facilitate genetic improvement of cassava.
High-protein roots increases its value, and makes cassava 1.
During 2005, cassava clones were more competitive with maize. Discovery During 2005, cassava clones
were identified that had two
identified that had two to three times of this trait is expected to increase the to three times more crude
more crude protein in their roots possibility of collaboration between the protein in their roots.
(6%–8% dry weight basis compared with feed industry and the animal nutrition
the typical 2%–3%). This high-protein and crop-breeding research 2.
cassava will help improve the diet of communities. Inbreeding of cassava was
millions of people for whom cassava is a introduced, in part, to help
daily staple and also increase farm New starch quality mutants identify clones with useful
incomes through the production of For many years, the cassava-breeding recessive traits.
value-added cassava for livestock project at CIAT has gradually, but
nutrition. Because of the low protein consistently, shifted its attention to the
content of “normal” cassava, the feed production and identification of cassava
industry only pays 60%–70% of the price clones with high-value industrial uses.
of alternative sources of energy For the feed industry, identification of
(typically maize) for cassava root. The clones with increased nutritional value
use of high-protein cassava should allow was a key target. The starch industry has
the feed industry to use the same persistently requested clones with
formulations for their feeds (because no altered starch properties in their roots.
additional source of proteins will be Clones with molecules simpler than
required). In many tropical countries, starch are requested by initiatives to
maize is currently imported from produce ethanol fuels and bioplastics.
temperate regions. Therefore, it is Inbreeding of cassava was introduced, in
important to find local sources of energy part, to help identify clones with useful
for the feed industry. The high-protein recessive traits. During the past few
trait adds nutritional value to the root, years, thousands of partially inbred
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1
plants were grown and evaluated— accelerate the elimination of the wild
including several mutagenized donor parent genotype and help produce
populations. As a result, several mutants elite lines that have long shelf life.
have been identified that have either
markedly reduced or twice the normal Deployment of New World tropics germplasm
levels of amylose in their starch and very with resistance to cassava mosaic disease
1. distinctive amylograms (indicating (CMD) in Africa
An interspecific cross different pasting properties). The starch CMD has been rightly described as a
between Manihot esculenta and
M. walkerae produced a plant produced by these plants offers shifting, changing, constantly evolving
with roots that did not distinctive advantages for the starch enemy of cassava in Africa and of the
deteriorate even 3 weeks after industry. These discoveries are very 20 million households that depend on its
harvest. important, not only because they add starchy storage roots for livelihood. The
value (similar mutations in maize result disease is now known in the New World
in 30% increases in their market value), tropics. In a bid to accelerate the transfer
but because they prove that inbreeding of of useful variability from cassava’s center
cassava can help identify useful recessive of diversity in the New World tropics to
traits. Africa, resistance to CMD was bred into
elite parental gene pools at CIAT using
Overcoming the problem of postharvest MAS. This has led to the development of
physiological deterioration hundreds of clones having high starch
Cassava roots cannot be stored for more content, good adaptation to lowland
than 1 or 2 days after harvest because humid tropics and acid soils, good
postharvest physiological deterioration resistance to pests and diseases found in
implies high marketing costs and the New World tropics, and resistance to
significant losses between harvest and CMD. The clones that combine the best
consumption. An interspecific cross characteristics have been tested with
between Manihot esculenta and M. walkerae many African national programs. In
produced a plant with roots that did not Nigeria, through the National Root Crops
deteriorate even 3 weeks after harvest. Research Institute (NRCRI), three of
This interspecific cross has been back these clones have entered varietal
crossed to cassava. MAS is being used to prerelease regional trials.
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CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
Improved Rice for Latin America and the Caribbean
1
www.ciat.cgiar.org/riceweb/index1.htm
Improve the nutritional and economic well-being of rice growers and low-income consumers in
Latin America and the Caribbean through sustainable increases in rice production and
productivity.
1.
Varieties for small upland-rice producers Several potential quantitative trait loci Preliminary results showed
that wild rice accessions of
CIAT–CIRAD (French Agricultural Research have now been identified that have O. latifolia may be a source of
Centre for International Development) has resistance to both RHBV and T. orizicolus. resistance to rice blast, RHBV,
been conducting participatory rice and the planthopper vector
breeding in Nicaragua in collaboration Wild rice accessions from Colombia (Tagosodes orizicolus).
with the Nicaraguan Institute for Wild relatives of rice were collected in
Agricultural Technology (INTA) since 2002. Colombia. After identification and
These activities have involved local groups molecular characterization of these
of expert farmers and used appropriate species, they were shown to be Oryza
participatory breeding approaches and latifolia, a tetraploid species. After several
methods. The farmers are involved in the backcrosses to Oryza sativa, fertile plants
process of evaluating and selecting rice with introgressions from O. latifolia were
lines, and several varieties are about to be recovered. Preliminary results showed
released. that these wild rice accessions of
O. latifolia may be a source of resistance to
Durable resistance to rice blast rice blast, RHBV, and the planthopper
The genetic basis of durable resistance to vector (Tagosodes orizicolus).
rice blast in rice variety Llanos 5 is being
characterized in collaboration with Kansas Composite population improvement
State University. It has been discovered A collaborative project between CIRAD
that durable resistance in Llanos 5 results and CIAT concentrates on broadening the
from a combination of quantitative and genetic base of rice through composite
qualitative genes. Researchers now have a population improvement. This
much better understanding of what is improvement program uses a recurrent
required for a rice plant to remain selection process combined with
resistant to rice blast. conventional breeding methods. The first
commercial upland rice variety produced
Genetics of resistance to RHBV from population breeding was released
Research has determined that resistance by Bolivia in January 2006. In addition,
to RHBV is the result of a combination of some advanced lines are about to be
resistance to the virus and to the released as new varieties in several
planthopper vector (Tagosodes orizicolus). countries.
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Tropical Grasses and Legumes
www.ciat.cgiar.org/forrajes/index.htm
Optimize genetic diversity for multipurpose use, improve the livelihoods of poor rural  livestock
communities, and contribute to greater access by poor urban consumers to safe, high-quality
animal products by strengthening forage-based feeding systems and taking advantage of the
1. potential of forages to enhance natural resource management and provide environmental
Cratylia, a drought-resistant services.
legume of high nutritional
value to livestock.
Hybrids with multiple resistance to spittlebug Selection of Forages for the Tropics (SoFT)
2. Significant progress was made using a Forage research over the last 50 years
Tropical Forages, a powerful recurrent selection scheme to has identified many tropical grasses and
package, is now freely incorporate resistance to spittlebug into legumes that play a role in farming
available on the Internet Brachiaria spp. In 2004, varying levels of systems in developed and developing
(www.tropicalforages.info) resistance to Prosapia simulans (one of the countries. Information on the adaptation
and on CD-ROM. most important species affecting and use of these species resides in peer-
Brachiaria in Mexico) were reported in reviewed literature and research reports
34 apomictic hybrids. These hybrids had with limited distribution and, often most
been preselected in Mexico for good importantly, in the memories of forage
adaptation and desirable agronomic agronomists with decades of experience
characteristics. A series of replicated tests working with a wide range of forages in
was carried out in 2005 to evaluate the diverse farming systems. An inter-
resistance of these genotypes to Prosapia institutional [CIAT, Commonwealth
simulans and to four other major species Scientific and Industrial Research
of spittlebug in Colombia (Aeneolamia Organisation (CSIRO), Queensland
varia, A. reducta, Zulia carbonaria, and Department of Primary Industries (QDPI),
Mahanarva trifissa). Six apomictic hybrids ILRI, and the University of Hohenheim]
were selected for resistance to all five project funded by the Australian Centre
species of spittlebug. In 2005, almost for International Agricultural Research
600 new sexual hybrids were tested for (ACIAR) was setup to develop a
resistance to three spittlebug species knowledge system for the identification
(A. varia, A. reducta, and Z. carbonaria) and of forages suitable for specified niches
resistance levels were near 95% to all within smallholder farming systems in
three species. the tropics and subtropics. The database
provides information on the adaptation,
uses, and management of forage species,
cultivars, and elite accessions and allows
easy identification of best-bet species. It
10
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2 3
also includes a bibliography of more Grassland Congress in Ireland in June
than 6,000 references and abstracts on 2005. The database is now freely
forage diversity, management, and use; available on the Internet
global maps of climate adaptation for (www.tropicalforages.info) and on
each species; and a collection of CD-ROM. Since its release, there has been
photographs and images of different a steady increase in the number of visits
species. The application was officially to the Internet site—from less than 300 1.
released at the XXth International in June to almost 5,000 in October 2005. Lulo (Solanum quitoense) is an
important fruit crop for small
Andean farmers.
2.
Tropical Fruits Lulo is the main income source
 www.ciat.cgiar.org/tropical_fruits/index.htm for almost 15,000 families in
Colombia and Ecuador.
Use science, technology, and modern information technology to provide information and support
to partners in the public and private sector who promote production, processing, and marketing 3.
of tropical fruits by rural communities to increase wealth and improve their welfare. During 2005, CIAT multiplied
and distributed healthy elite
Lulo (Solanum quitoense) is an important these cloned materials created greater clones of lulo that had been
fruit crop for small Andean farmers. interest among farmers to continue with selected by farmers in
More than 12,000 ha are planted in further experimentation in their own Colombia.
Colombia and Ecuador, and lulo is the plots. The farmers could compare the
main income source for almost 15,000 performance of the cloned plants with
families. During 2005, CIAT multiplied the plants grown from seeds and see for
and distributed healthy elite clones of themselves the benefits of clonal
lulo that had been selected by farmers in propagation.
Colombia. The improved performance of
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People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics
Goal: Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management
Improve the innovative www.ciat.cgiar.org/ipm/index.htm
capacity of poor people
and communities in the Understand and improve crop and agroecosystem health in the tropics.
tropics to attain food
security, economic This project implements research to and angular leaf spot diseases were also
productivity, achieve four major outputs: to describe selected and will be distributed to several
agroecosystem stability, and analyze pest and disease complexes; countries for multi-location evaluations.
and improved human to develop pest-and-disease management Some lines have already been distributed
health and welfare while components and integrated pest to Kenya and Malawi. The economic
ensuring the provision of management (IPM) strategies; to threshold of white grub (Phyllophaga
global environmental strengthen the capacity of NARS to menetriesi) was defined for three crops
goods and services. design and execute IPM research and (maize, cassava, and beans). In addition, a
implementation; and to develop global methodology for mass rearing of white
Objective: IPM networks (Integrated Whitefly grub species was developed.
Contribute technical, Management Technology) and knowledge
institutional, and policy systems. Significant advances were made A collaborative mechanism was
innovations to improve in all four areas. established to help national partners
the management of integrate MAS in their breeding
tropical agroecosystems A number of molecular tools were programs. Cohesive and dynamic
that benefit poor developed for the diagnosis and detection farmer-research groups (300 groups that
communities and the of pests and pathogens of various crops. include more than 50,000 well-trained
local and global A biocidal protein identified from a farmers) have evolved at project sites in
environment by linking tropical forage legume (Clitoria ternatea) Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi.
market-based was found to be effective against diseases Farmer-to-farmer knowledge sharing has
approaches with natural of tomato under field conditions. The enhanced technology dissemination and
resource management. rice-blast-resistance genes present in adoption (60%–85% adoption rate) in
211 commercially grown Latin American several countries in Africa. In addition,
rice cultivars were identified. Nine expanded diffusion of technologies
groups of potential sources of continued within the Department for
complementary resistance genes were International Development (DFID)-
defined for use in a breeding program to funded project on Sustainable
develop commercial rice cultivars that Management of Whiteflies, and
combine desired agronomic traits and publication of the book Whitefly and
blast resistance. Several bean lines with Whitefly-borne Viruses in the Tropics:
multiple resistance to Pythium root rot Building a Knowledge Base for Global Action.
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Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF)
www.ciat.cgiar.org/tsbf_institute/index.htm
Develop and disseminate to clients strategic principles, concepts, methods, and management
options for protecting and improving the health and fertility of soils through manipulation of
biological processes and the efficient use of soil, water, and nutrient resources in tropical
agroecosystems. 1.
Farmer-to-farmer knowledge
Conservation and sustainable management of technologies and skills. Enset (Enset sharing has enhanced
technology dissemination and
below-ground biodiversity (CSM-BGBD) ventricosum) is a perennial herb with an adoption (60%–85% adoption
A partners’ meeting was held in Manaus, edible corm that supports about rate) in several countries in
Brazil, to present the results of the BGBD 13 million people in Ethiopia. A Africa.
inventories carried out in Brazil, Côte household survey, supported by field
d’Ivoire, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, measurements, was conducted from 2.
and Uganda. Also participating in this 2000 to 2002 with 24 representative The farmer-to-farmer
milestone meeting were mid-term farmers. The objective was to identify exchange has proven to be a
reviewers, technical advisors, steering production objectives and quantify dynamic mechanism of
committee members, and members of available land resources, cropping knowledge sharing and an
the project advisory committee. systems, crop yields, and market prices effective way to disseminate
Technical papers were presented on a to be able to develop models that would integrated soil-fertility
wide array of issues. The team of improve decision-making. Farmers management principles.
technical advisors concluded that the identified three major production
project had achieved success in agreeing objectives depending on their household
on appropriate standard methods and priorities, socioeconomic status, and
using them to assemble a unique and resource base: food security (producing
comprehensive dataset, a conclusion enough food from their farm); food
that was shared by the external security plus the ability to fulfill their
evaluators. Based on its mid-term financial needs; and solely generating
review, the external evaluators cash income, regardless of its effect on
recommended a second phase of this food production.
project, which was approved by the
Global Environment Facility (GEF) in Using an optimization model, it was
2006. possible to predict that enough could be
produced by reducing the land area
Improved decision-making in the Ethiopian allocated to sweet potato, coffee, wheat,
highlands and legumes by 11%, 45%, 22%, and 63%,
Food security in the Ethiopian highlands respectively, while increasing the land
is constrained by land degradation, land area of enset (from 9% to 17%) and kale
fragmentation, and limited access to (from 2.4% to 7.6%). To satisfy both food
13
11111
POeno tphlee  Ranodad A tgor oHeicgohs-yVsatleume s. .i.n the Tropics
•••••••••••••••
2
and cash demands, the proportions of already highly eutrophied. Previous
coffee, potato, beans, and enset would studies demonstrated that this
need to be increased by 30%, 15%, 8%, and alternative could reduce negative
1 3%, respectively, over the current land environmental impacts by about 50%
allocation. This shift would double annual while increasing net income and
cash income to about USD 140 per employment opportunities. Although
1. consumption unit. Sole interest to cash these improved practices could increase
Indigenous knowledge and income would be fulfilled by complete net incomes, it was suspected that the
farmers’ experimentation. replacement of cereals and root crops by farmers did not have sufficient cash to
2. coffee (80.2%) and teff (19.8%), which incorporate green manures in their crop
The combination of soil would generate about USD 230 per rotation. This project investigated
fertility and pest and disease consumption unit annually. A change whether restricted finances were
management approaches from the current production systems to constraining technological change.
provides a unique one based solely on food security could CONDESAN–GTZ worked with the
opportunity to exploit offer high-quality livestock feed; whereas, Regional Autonomous Corporation (CAR)
synergies allowing better a move to cash generation would offer to make sure that the necessary technical
control of these limitations to low-quality livestock feed (with about 84% assistance was available to implement
crop productivity. of the feed coming from coffee husks). the required practices. Two farmers’
Moreover, a shift from the current system associations were included in the
to food security would not affect the level partnership as direct beneficiaries of the
of soil erosion. However, a shift to the credits and also as intermediaries
other two scenarios would reduce soil between CONDESAN and the smallest
erosion by between 39% and 52%, mainly farmers, who do not belong to
due to expansion of the area planted to associations. These development actions
perennial crops. both promote technical changes and
create in situ research opportunities to
Implementing conservation-farming investigate the real constraints to
technology (Fuquene watershed, Colombia) sustainable soil use. This project will
Reduced tillage, rotations with green examine the biophysical impacts on both
manures, and direct drilling of seed are the soil and the lake, and the
the conservation-farming practices being socioeconomic benefits of the proposed
promoted by the Consortium for changes. If the results are positive, these
Sustainable Development in the Andean practices will become part of an
Ecoregion (CONDESAN), CIAT, and the environmental service payment scheme
German Agency for Technical Cooperation that is promoted by the project.
(GTZ) (as part of the Water and Food
Challenge Program—WFCP) to reduce the Farmer-validated management principles
deposition of sediments, nitrogen, and Twenty farmers from drought-prone
phosphorus in Fuquene Lake, which is areas of Nicaragua visited farmers who
14
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2
were practicing Quesungual slash and management (MIS) consortium. The
mulch agroforestry systems (QSMAS) on farmers were very excited about the
their farms in Honduras. The main positive benefits of the system and
objective of their visit was to learn from expressed their willingness to teach
farmers practicing improved other farmers from similar regions. This
management principles. Six months farmer-to-farmer exchange has proven
later, six farmers from Somotillo, to be a dynamic mechanism of 1.
Nicaragua, showed their own knowledge sharing and an effective way Plant to make cassava starch.
Quesungual plots to a group of to disseminate integrated soil-fertility 2.
researchers from the integrated soil management principles. Sugarcane processing in
Cauca, Colombia.
Rural Agroenterprise Development
www.ciat.cgiar.org/agroempresas/ingles/index.htm
Link small farmers to expanding markets so they can develop sustainable livelihoods in the rural
sector.
The Rural Agroenterprise Africa. These studies allowed RAeD to
Development (RAeD) project is investigate how to develop markets that
developing methods and tools, and link smallholders to supermarkets in
catalyzing new institutional Nicaragua and how to create markets for
arrangements, to make markets work ethnic minority groups in the uplands of
better for poor farmers. The research Lao PDR. In each location, common issues
agenda includes both action research were investigated: equity and
and strategic studies. Action research is governance in supply chains; market
undertaken with public- and private- performance; the sustainability of
sector partners within selected supply marketing institutions; and how
chains. These studies seek ways to business-support services and financial
increase the access and competitiveness services can be delivered to smallholders
of smallholders within dynamic markets. in a low-cost, sustainable manner.
In 2005, several market-chain studies Based on lessons from the action
were undertaken to explore “high value research, multi-site studies were
products” including: horticultural crops undertaken to evaluate emerging issues:
in Latin America; persimmon, cassava- the minimum social-capital needed for
starch, and livestock in Vietnam; and collective marketing; how to integrate
export beans, pigs, and potatoes in savings schemes into enterprise
15
People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics
•••••••••••••••
1 2
investments versus credit-based The project is also collaborating with
investments; ways to foster innovation regional centers, northern universities,
and experimentation in short-term the CGIAR, and NARS to support
business planning; how best to access and knowledge-sharing and capacity-building
use market information; and how to initiatives for marketing. In 2005, RAeD
design best practice guides that enable worked closely with the Global Forum on
1. service providers to help farmers engage Agricultural Research (GFAR)–CGIAR on
In 2005, several market-chain in both informal high-volume and more high-value marketing options for the
studies were undertaken to
explore “high value formalized high-value markets. poor; cohosted a conference with the
products”. International Water and Sanitation
The application and scaling up of best Centre (IRC) on developing learning
2. practices for enterprise development is alliances as a research tool; worked with
The RAeD project is being explored through partner-led the Technical Centre for Agricultural and
developing methods and innovation platforms, such as the Rural Cooperation (CTA) on prospects for
tools, and catalyzing new agroenterprise “Learning Alliance.” Such delivering new market information
institutional arrangements, to partnerships have expanded over the services and commodity exchanges into
make markets work better for past 5 years to more than 30 countries in Africa and the Caribbean; and
poor farmers. Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Partners collaborated with the Royal Tropical
are now able to test and compare best Institute (KIT) to publish a book on
practices in an interactive process that market-chain empowerment for farmers
allows learning of new marketing in Africa. All these efforts are being made
techniques, putting ideas in practice, and to foster market access, improve rural
reflection on outcomes. institutions, and raise rural incomes.
Participatory Research Approaches
www.ciat.cgiar.org/ipra/ing/index.htm
Test participatory approaches and analytical tools to incorporate local knowledge and the needs
of farmers.
Strengthening farmers’ organizations and Knowledge Sharing (CAIS) are
rural innovation systems monitoring their co-development efforts
The focus of this research has been on to better understand how to facilitate
finding how to merge knowledge in ways agricultural innovation. The researchers
that produce co-developed technologies. are seeking efficient ways to incorporate
CIAT and the Centers for Learning and local knowledge into the co-development
16
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2
of technologies, both those that have the four macro-regions, and more than
been tested by CAIS and those that have 40 experiences have been documented by
resulted from interactions between CIAT the national team of trainers. By working
and CAIS. with local grassroots organizations,
NGOs, and governmental organizations, a
Community-managed participatory database of information from the
monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) systems communities has been established to feed 1.
In Africa, PM&E systems are being tested into a central information system that In Africa, PM&E systems are
at the community and project levels with links the foundations in each macro- being tested at the community
partners in Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi. and project levels with
region. partners in Kenya, Uganda,
Most activities have focused on creating and Malawi.
a critical mass of research and Four new participatory methodologies
development (R&D) staff with skills and have been developed to actively involve 2.
experience in applying PM&E systems. the participating farmers in the Four new participatory
To achieve this objective, four training evaluation of the different phases of their methodologies have been
workshops were held for national projects. In addition, a national team of developed to actively involve
agricultural research institutes (NARIs) facilitators was created to disseminate the participating farmers in
in Malawi, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; the PM&E methodology in Bolivia, and the evaluation of the different
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) two diploma-granting courses on phases of their projects.
in the Southern Democratic Republic of participatory methodologies were
Congo; and representatives from organized with the Foundation for
collaborating projects in Eastern and Promotion and Research of Andean
Southern Africa. Efforts have also been Products (PROINPA) and the San Simón
made to identify local indicators of University (UMSS). More than 20
change and to establish baselines for the agreements and letters of intent have
pilot-learning sites. been signed between NGOs, community
groups, and the CIAT–FOCAM (Promoting
In Bolivia, the PM&E system has been Change) project to participate in PM&E
implemented in 50 projects in three of processes in Bolivia.
17
People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics
•••••••••••••••
1 2
Spatial and Economic Analysis for Decision and
Policy Support in Agriculture and the Environment
Land Use
1. http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/inicio.htm
The Homologue software Develop improved systems of natural resource management by using spatial information
defines the probability that regarding risks and opportunities at different scales.
any selected location in the
tropics will exhibit climatic
and soil conditions similar to A new software package was developed These relationships foster direct field
those of locations that are jointly with the Tropical Fruits Project to implementation of results from applied
known to have favorable help improve genetic-resource research that targets higher value crops
growing conditions for management. This Homologue software at environmental and market niches. In
specific crops. defines the probability that any selected addition, fundamental knowledge is
location in the tropics will exhibit being generated on the causal
2. climatic and soil conditions similar to relationships between the quality of
Geographic information can those of locations that are known to have high-value agricultural crops and their
be used to support supply- favorable growing conditions for specific growing environments.
chain management of high-
value agricultural products crops.
based on products quality. Geographic information can be used to
A practical risk-management tool for support supply-chain management of
drought insurance was also developed, high-value agricultural products based
implemented, and tested in collaboration on products quality. Projects are being
with the CIAT Rural Agroenterprise developed to commercially introduce
Development Project. The methodology these concepts. As well, the strategic use
integrates crop-growth modeling with of environmental information is being
climate simulation. The use of these improved. Topography information is
computer models was successfully now included, and greater emphasis is
demonstrated in case studies in Central being placed on generating timely
America and Southeast Asia. climate information.
The Diversification Agriculture Project The GEF project on reversing land
Alliance (DAPA) has built strong degradation has been initiated in the
relationships with other academic field. The first year will be used to
institutions, such as CIRAD, and complete assessments that will be used
importantly with private-sector partners. to develop a multi-year project.
18
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1
Impact Assessment
www.ciat.cgiar.org/impact/index.htm
Help planners to ensure that scarce resources are being used as efficiently as possible by
developing reliable information about the impact of research.
A participatory research project services. When applied to 1.
designed to improve the sustainability of agrosilvopastoral systems in the Plantation of cassava.
cassava systems in the uplands of Colombian Llanos, the incorporation of
Southeast Asia demonstrated high forestry for both forest products and
adoption rates of improved cassava carbon sequestration was found to be
varieties. Adoption of soil-conservation economically viable; however, its success
practices was lower, but still significant. depended on the capital intensity of the
In some cases, soil conservation operation. Environmental services are
contributed to yield increases and only viable for larger, richer farmers.
expansion of cassava area. This Policies that subsidize the establishment
expansion in area suggests that and maintenance of forests, or pre-pay
conservation practices are allowing carbon credits, would make
farmers to cultivate steeper, more environmental service options more
erosive land in a sustainable way. The pro-poor.
most significant finding was that farmer
participation had a large impact on yield Estimates of the potential benefits of
that was independent of the impact of biofortified beans in Central America and
higher levels of technology adoption. cassava in Brazil were compared with
Farmers who participated in the trials those of other biofortified crops. Even
had higher yields, not only because they under pessimistic assumptions, beans
were more likely to have adopted the and cassava generate positive returns.
new technologies, but because their However, compared with the results of
participation appears to have increased crops such as rice or wheat in populous
their human capital in ways that allowed countries such as India, they are less
them to better manage their farms. attractive from an economic point of
view. These results suggest that crop
A farm-level model was developed and strategies, especially target countries,
tested to analyze joint production of should be reevaluated.
agricultural products and environmental
19
People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics
••••••••••••••••
CIAT in the Regions
CIAT regional programs Regional Coordination—Africa
pursue progressive www.ciat.cgiar.org/africa/index.htm
research on technologies
and processes that help
rural communities build The competitive grants approach development of these MTPs. A searchable
sustainable livelihoods adopted for the Challenge Program is database of all projects, outputs, and
through competitive likely to produce mixed results in terms outcomes is nearing completion, and
agriculture, healthy of collaboration among CGIAR Centers in potential themes for integrated work are
agroecosystems, and Africa. However, the report of the Africa being revisited. In Eastern and Southern
rural innovation. The Task Force commissioned by the Science Africa, for example, these research
programs work closely Council provided fresh impetus for all themes are likely to be in the areas of
with national Centers to integrate their work. This integrated natural resource management
institutions, NGOs, and report provided a sound diagnosis of the (INRM), exploiting genetic diversity,
the private sector and real problems, while presenting a range information and knowledge, and post-
use participatory of possible solutions—from merging conflict rehabilitation of capacity for
methods to ensure that Centers to integrating programs. With research-for-development. When
rural people play an the formation of the Alliance Executive, considered with the new high-level
active role in devising the Centers and the Science Council Framework for African Agricultural
better ways to improve agreed to develop two mid-term plans Productivity, there is an opportunity for
crops, build rural (MTP) among the Centers working in the the Centers to engage in strong
agroenterprises, and Eastern and Southern, and in the West collaboration around a smaller number
manage soil fertility, and Central, subregions of Africa. ILRI of large projects.
pests, and plant diseases. and the Africa Rice Center are leading the
Regional Coordination—Asia
www.ciat.cgiar.org/asia/index.htm
Cassava In Asia, cassava has a bright future in
Two successful cassava projects are on- ethanol production as a substitute for
going in Asia. One, funded by ACIAR, fossil fuels, in industrial uses of starch,
aims to improve the cassava-production particularly waxy starch, and in the
systems in Indonesia and to establish animal-feed industry. A number of
improved systems in East Timor. The partner countries are interested in
second, funded by the Nippon developing cassava varieties that are
Foundation, works on improving on- better suited to these uses. CIAT is well
farm production and use of cassava in positioned to play an important role in
Lao PDR and Cambodia. these developments through the genetic
20
CCIAIATT A Annnnuuaal lR Reeppoortr t2 2000055-2-2000066
1
resources available in its germplasm improved village-based pig feeding
bank and its expertise in both traditional systems. Considerable potential exists to
and biotechnology-based plant breeding further develop R&D links in the forage 2
techniques. and livestock systems of countries in the
region.
Forages
Significant changes occurred during R&D support, agroenterprise development, 1.
2005 in the forage and livestock systems analysis, and new directions The report of the Africa Task
in the region. A project funded by the In collaboration with CIP, the Force commissioned by the
Science Council provided fresh
Australian Agency for International Participatory Research for Development impetus for all Centers to
Development (AusAID) on forages and in the Uplands (PRDU) project continues integrate their work.
livestock systems was completed in Lao to provide methodological and
PDR and produced significant impacts technological support to loan projects of 2.
both on the capacity of national staff and the International Fund for Agricultural Significant changes occurred
on farmers. A multi-country livestock Development (IFAD) in Lao PDR, during 2005 in the forage and
and livelihood systems project, funded Vietnam, and China. This type of project livestock systems in Asia.
by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), emphasizes the critical role CGIAR
also made significant impacts and Centers have in providing a link between
produced a cadre of regional forage R&D, although much work remains to
scientists. In 2005, CIAT and ILRI improve the flow of ideas from research
designed a loan project for the ADB and to development projects.
the Government of Lao PDR. In late 2005,
a new ADB-funded project was There is a great deal of interest in linking
established to build provincial and farmers to markets, and several CIAT
national capacity in readiness for the activities in the region are having impact
implementation of the loan project, in this area. A project funded by the
which should start in late 2006 or early Swiss Agency for Development and
2007. As well, a research for Cooperation (SDC) on small-scale
development project based on earlier agroenterprise development in the
research findings was approved to uplands of Lao PDR and Vietnam
develop technologies for greatly continues to show very interesting
21
CIAT in the Regions
••••••••••••••••
1 2
impacts. This is a new area of work for on subsistence agriculture. This work
most governments in the region. should link closely with activities
However, local governments appreciate undertaken in association with the Japan
the relatively immediate benefits that International Research Center for
results from an improved dialogue Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) on spatial
between all stakeholders in the market analysis and remote sensing of land-use
1. chain and a better understanding of the systems in complex farming systems in
Two successful cassava structure of the market chain. the uplands of Lao PDR.
projects are on-going in Asia.
2. In northern Lao PDR, a project funded by Additional activities are anticipated to
There is a great deal of the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) enhance regional collaboration in Asia,
interest in linking farmers to is analyzing the livelihood strategies, particularly the involvement of other
markets, and several CIAT market chains, associated risks, and the countries and donors. Expansion into
activities in Asia are having spatial arrangement of small-scale new areas of activity such as beans, fruit
impact in this area. agroenterprises. The project has led to an trees, and other high-value crops and
improved understanding of how poor into new countries in South, Southeast,
farmers can move out of systems based and East Asia also appears possible.
Regional Coordination—Central America and the Caribbean
Collaborative partnerships with national with INTA in Nicaragua intensified across
research institutions and ministries are several CIAT projects (e.g., Watershed
central to dissemination and applied Management, Forages, Rice, Sorghum,
research. However, greater reliance is Beans, Biofortification, Cassava, Tropical
also being placed on a growing network Soil Biology and Fertility). Additional
of partners ranging from worldwide effort will be made to obtain similar
NGOs, such as Catholic Relief Services levels of collaboration in Honduras,
(CRS), CARE, and the famine relief El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti,
organization OXFAM, to development although a good number of collaborative
agencies such as GTZ and Netherlands projects are now being implemented.
Development Organisation (SNV), and to
local municipalities such as San Dionisio, An outstanding example for partnership
Nicaragua, and Yorito, Honduras. Work work is the Learning Alliance. This
22
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2 3
activity triggered a process of mutual project development, management, and
learning and training, research, and monitoring are increasingly applied,
development with a series of research additional effort is needed to optimize
institutions, development partners, the process and the communication
and donors in Central America. It also channels.
allowed additional CIAT projects to use
the alliance as a platform to intensify Additional interactions with other 1.
their work with partners. The alliance CGIAR Centers are desirable. In 2006, Work with INTA in Nicaragua
has proven to be an effective “door there was an opportunity to collaborate intensified across several CIAT
projects.
opener” for new bilateral partnerships with The World Vegetable Center
and multilateral activities. (AVRDC), which is intensifying its work 2.
in Central America. In addition, A good number of
Throughout the region, universities collaboration with the Inter-American collaborative projects are now
continued to be our natural partners in Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture being implemented in Haiti.
research activities. But a growing (IICA) and the Tropical Agricultural
number of intensified partnerships Research and Higher Education Center 3.
with advanced research institutions (CATIE) is ongoing to develop several An outstanding example for
and universities in the North were also activities and proposals in different partnership work is the
developed to enhance North–South countries. To maintain and intensify Learning Alliance in Central
collaboration. At the heart of all partnerships in the region, plans are America.
collaborative work are partnerships underway to increase the number of
with farmers and farmer groups. CIAT projects that have staff placed
Although participatory instruments in within the region.
23
CIAT in the Regions
•••••••••••••••
Public–Private Partnerships and Agronatura Science Park
Public–private partnerships are playing industries are currently discussing the
an increasingly important role in feasibility of implementing similar
agrobiodiversity and agroecosystems. In mechanisms. Proper handling of
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) intellectual property rights will be an
the main sources for funding are important aspect of this work.
producer associations (private sector)
and civil society organizations. Contacts Agronatura is carrying out several
were made with African palm and cattle initiatives to increase CIAT’s role in
associations to promote replication of the Colombia. A group called “Amigos del
cooperative models illustrated by FLAR CIAT” promotes local application of CIAT
and CLAYUCA. Representatives of the discoveries and fosters enhanced
cacao, tropical flower, and plantain collaboration with the host country.
Latin American and Caribbean Consortium to Support Cassava
Research and Development (CLAYUCA)
www.clayuca.org
Help improve living standards and sustainable natural resource management in regions of LAC
where cassava plays an important role in agricultural production systems. Generate, transfer,
and exchange technologies, information, and scientific knowledge among public- and private-
sector institutions and farmer groups.
Technology package for cassava production cassava roots. CLAYUCA coordinated in
Technical assistance provided to a vitro shipment of improved cassava
commercial-scale cassava project in clones to Suriname, Peru, Mexico,
Nigeria, in collaboration with technical Nicaragua, and South Africa. As well,
personnel from the National Research CLAYUCA acted as a technology
Institute on Tropical Root Crops (INIVIT) clearinghouse for private-sector
in Cuba, was instrumental in obtaining companies in Nigeria and South Africa
yields of more than 30 t/ha. The first and helped them to import cassava-
harvest in Nicaragua of cassava clones planting machines purchased in Brazil.
introduced in vitro from CIAT, which were
hardened and grown with technical Technology package for producing refined
assistance from CLAYUCA and supervised cassava flour
by INTA, gave yields of between 40 and Important advances were made in the
50 t/ha for some of the clones, with high refinement process for cassava flour for
dry-matter content and good quality industrial uses and human consumption.
24
CCIIAATT  AAnnnnuuaall  RReeppoorrtt  22000055--22000066
1 2 3
From an initial processing capacity of in a short time. However, CLAYUCA
about 100 kg/h of dry cassava chips, and continues to evaluate the effect that the
using basically the same equipment, the small size of the planting material could
current capacity has been increased to have on yields. Preliminary results
about 350 kg/h. With minor changes in indicate that this effect may be
the design, it should be possible to negligible. If so, a radical change may be
increase the capacity to about 750 kg/h. possible in the multiplication of cassava 1.
CLAYUCA Web site.
planting material, especially when
Rapid multiplication of cassava planting farmers want to extensively plant a 2.
material promising new variety. Important advances were
An innovative method was developed to made in the refinement
rapidly multiply cassava planting Coordination of activities process for cassava flour for
material. The method uses 1-bud and South Africa and Nigeria are now industrial uses and human
2-bud mini-stakes grown using a members of CLAYUCA—in both cases consumption.
combination of field and greenhouse through a private company
growing periods. This technique was implementing cassava projects. CLAYUCA 3.
field tested at three different sites in staff conducted technical assistance Drying cassava starch.
Colombia, Nigeria, and South Africa with missions in both countries. In addition,
excellent results. The method is now a Costa Rica and Haiti became the seventh
proven strategy for producing and eight countries to join CLAYUCA.
significant amounts of planting material
25
Public–Private Partnerships and Agronatura Science Park
•••••••••••••••
1 2
Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR)
www.flar.org/inicio.htm
Meet the needs of partners for continuous innovations in irrigated rice production. Make rice
production more competitive, profitable, and efficient by employing environmentally friendly
crop-management practices, lowering prices to rice consumers, and strengthening the rice sector
1. in member countries. 
FLAR Web site.
2. In 2004, FLAR and CIAT made a tolerance of seedlings was developed and
Regional Workshop on commitment to collaborate on irrigated has been added to current screening
Integrated Crop Management rice in Latin America. This agreement was protocols. A cold chamber was
of Rice and Technology extended for 5 years in 2005, and the fund constructed to improve screening
Transfer. grew to 14 member countries. Peru capacity throughout the seed, seedling,
announced its intention to become the and reproductive stages. Trials in
fifteenth member before the end of 2006. countries of the Southern Cone have
shown an improvement in recently sent
Breeding is at the core of FLAR activities. material and good adaptation to these
The sub-program for the tropics has environments.
introduced improved materials to
member’s breeding programs for several FLAR activities in agronomy were
years, and new cultivars are now being increased during the last stages of a
registered and are in the seed- project funded by the Common Fund for
multiplication stage: one in Venezuela, Commodities (CFC) to improve yields of
one in Nicaragua, one in Guatemala, two irrigated rice in Venezuela and Brazil.
in Panama, and two in Costa Rica (one for Adoption of improved management not
irrigated and one for uplands). In only in these countries, but in Nicaragua,
Colombia, three FL advanced lines are Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Argentina,
undergoing final evaluation trials. showed that in farmers’ demonstration
plots, yields were increased by 1–3 t/ha
The sub-program for temperate rice with no cost increases. These results
started several years later and focuses on indicate the potential to increase the
increasing yield potential, better competitiveness of the rice sector and
agronomic traits, high quality, and cold demonstrate the effectiveness of farmer-
tolerance in different growing stages. A to-farmer methods for transferring good
new screening methodology for cold crop-management practices. FLAR will
26
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2
continue this project with its own funds instruments to manage rice-price
in 2006 extending it to all 14 member fluctuations in Latin America and the
countries. Caribbean. Use of these instruments will
help manage marketing and financial
A new project recently approved by CFC risks associated with trade liberalization
will focus on rice markets. It will provide and the extension of high-yielding rice
non-market and market-based technologies. 1.
Breeding is at the core of FLAR
activities.
2.
Cooperation with Colombia Farmer at a Colombian
savanna.
CIAT enjoys a very positive relationship agroenterprises, watersheds,
with its host country. Under the biotechnology, and land-use planning.
government’s new competitive approach
to the financing of agricultural research In addition, CIAT signed three
and rural development projects, CIAT cooperative agreements with the
raised USD 945,000 in 2005 through Colombian Ministry of Agriculture to
27 proposals that were developed in support research, development, and
alliance with national partners, both institutional strengthening. The total
from the public and the private sector: value of these agreements was
CORPOICA; the Colombian Institute for USD 3,450,000.
Rural Development (INCODER); the
Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Several CIAT scientists and professionals
Environmental Studies (IDEAM); the were invited to participate in the boards
Alexander von Humboldt Biological and executive and administrative
Resources Research Institute (IAvH); the committees of public institutions, such as
Foundation for Agricultural Research CORPOICA, The Francisco José de Caldas
and Development (FIDAR); the National Colombian Institute for the Development
Fund for the Promotion of Horticulture of Science and Technology
(ASOHOFRUCOL); and the Departmental (COLCIENCIAS), the Association of
Governments of Cauca and Valle del Farmers and Livestock Producers of
Cauca. These research proposals covered Valle, and ASOHOFRUCOL.
cassava, beans, tropical fruits,
27
Public–Private Partnerships and Agronatura Science Park
•••••••••••••••
Challenge Programs and System-Wide Initiatives
HarvestPlus Challenge Program
www.harvestplus.org
Reduce micronutrient malnutrition by harnessing the powers of agriculture and nutrition
research to breed nutrient-dense staple foods.
Co-convened by CIAT and IFPRI, the account for geographic differences in
HarvestPlus Challenge Program is health status, crop production and
breeding nutrient-dense staple foods and consumption, and other factors that vary
making them available to the within and between countries. Crop
undernourished. All plant breeding production and farming-systems
research and work to reach and engage information must also be reconciled with
end-users of biofortified crops is health status and poverty information.
coordinated at CIAT. Sixteen staple crops Geographic information is being used to
are being bred to be high in vitamin A, conduct spatial analysis of the data to
iron, and/or zinc. The reaching end-user address these problems and to support
component is working with CIP- breeder strategies that seek to reach end-
developed orange fleshed sweet potato to users.
build strong seed systems, ensure
markets, and understand the Further research is underway on the
complexities of creating demand for links between the HarvestPlus crops
biofortified crops. (maize, wheat, and rice), socioeconomic
conditions, and health conditions. The
Impact research is also being conducted project is carrying out a series of
by CIAT. The HarvestPlus team works on modeling efforts and will ultimately
geographic targeting to support the provide tools and data for refined
biofortification strategy. Standard decision-making throughout variety
impact-assessment methods often fail to development, testing, and dissemination.
28
CCIIAATT A Annnnuuaall R Reeppoorrtt 2 2000055--22000066
1
Generation Challenge Program
www.generationcp.org/index.php
Use plant genetic diversity, advanced genomic science, and comparative biology to develop tools
and technologies that enable plant breeders in the developing world to produce better crop
varieties for resource-poor farmers.
1.
Three large proposals were approved involves collaboration between Cornell CIAT, in partnership with the
African Highlands Initiative
during 2005. The first seeks to transfer University, the Institute of Research for (AHI) and the Rwandan
useful genes from wild relatives of Development (IRD) France, WARDA, Institute for Agricultural
cassava into elite progenitors. This EMBRAPA–CNPMF, and Fedearroz Sciences (ISAR), was selected
project is conducted in partnership with Colombia on exploitation of natural as the lead institution for the
the Brazilian Agricultural Research genetic variation in wild relatives of rice. Lake Kivu pilot learning site
Corporation (EMBRAPA) and the The third project attempts to identify the (PLS).
National Research Center for Cassava physiological and genetic traits that
and Tropical Fruits (CNPMF), the Crops make cassava one of the most drought-
Research Institute (CRI) Ghana, NRCRI tolerant crops. It involves EMBRAPA–
Nigeria, and the Namulonge Agricultural CNPMF, as lead institution, CIAT, IITA,
and Animal Production Research and Cornell University.
Institute (NAARI) Uganda. The second
Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP)
www.fara-africa.org/SSA%20CP.htm
Address the most significant constraints to reviving agriculture in Africa—failures of agricultural
markets, inappropriate policies, and natural resource degradation—by applying a new paradigm,
Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D).
Managed by the Forum for Agricultural theme of integrated agricultural research
Research in Africa (FARA), this multi- for development (IAR4D). 
stakeholder effort creates novel
partnerships with a wide range of R&D CIAT, in partnership with the African
partners (including CGIAR Centers, Highlands Initiative (AHI) and the
NARS, universities, NGOs, farmers’ Rwandan Institute for Agricultural
organizations, government institutions, Sciences (ISAR), was selected as the lead
and the private sector) around the broad institution for the Lake Kivu pilot
29
Challenge Programs and System-Wide Initiatives
•••••••••••••••
1
learning site (PLS). This site covers Central Africa (ASARECA), which has
contiguous areas of the Democratic management oversight for this PLS and
Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and FARA.
Uganda and includes densely populated
and fragile highland environments across Over the year, efforts have been made to
three countries at very different stages of develop partnerships of research teams
1. emergence from severe civil disruption. (task forces) to compete for funds
Water and Food Challenge As lead institution, CIAT provides and through a competitive grant system.
Program Web site. facilitates administrative and research CIAT won one of three competitive
support to approximately grants to lead a multi-institutional task
50 organizations that belong to the pilot force for a 3 year project on Wealth
learning team, and liaises closely with the creation through market access and rural
Association for Strengthening agroenterprise diversification in the Lake
Agricultural Research in Eastern and Kivu PLS.
Water and Food Challenge Program
www.waterandfood.org
Create research-based knowledge and methods for growing more food with less water. Develop a
transparent framework for setting targets and monitoring progress that recognizes that most
food demand will be met by improving the productivity of rainfed systems.
CIAT is the lead institution for resources management from a
coordination of Theme 2 in the Water and development perspective. The results of
Food Challenge Program (WFCP)—Water research on social-network analysis and
and People in Catchments. This the methodological tools that it
responsibility covers research, technical, encompasses were prepared to explore
scientific monitoring, and evaluation the relationships between the actors who
activities. As part of a comprehensive manage water resources and the
assessment, a paper was written on the biophysical conditions of two upper
main links between poverty, gender, and catchments in the tropics.
water management in agriculture and the
search for promising pathways to A CIAT scientist, seconded to the WFCP,
improve water management. In addition, is coordinating the activities of the basin
six papers were prepared for a special focal projects (BFPs). Ten strategic
issue of Water International on integrating research projects, with a collective
scales of analysis and action in water- budget of USD 8.5 million, are being
30
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2
developed in nine benchmark basins, University of California, Davis, and IRD,
plus the Niger basin. The purpose of the have been initiated for the Karkheh,
BFPs is to assess the current condition of Mekong, São Francisco, and Volta basins.
agricultural-water management within Competitive grant projects for the Andes,
the basins. This analysis, together with Indus–Ganges, Limpopo, Niger, Nile, and
assessments of opportunities and threats Yellow River basins are due to start in
to improvement, will determine how November. The BFPs include USD 900,000 1.
specific changes in water-management for an impact assessment project. This Tropical Whitefly IPM Project
systems can satisfy competing demands project is led by CIAT and includes Web site.
made by the food and other sectors. research that will lead to more formal 2.
Projects, led by IWMI, CSIRO, the benefit–cost analysis. The IPM package distributed
to small-scale farmers with the
improved germplasm
emphasizes the use of
Tropical Whitefly IPM Project minimum chemical inputs.
www.tropicalwhiteflyipmproject.cgiar.org
Improve the livelihoods of rural families through the effective management of whiteflies and
whitefly-transmitted viruses, which will result in increased crop production and reduced
environmental impact through the elimination of toxic insecticides.
This system-wide project continues to vectors of plant viruses of important
disseminate information on whitefly and food and industrial crops. Common bean
virus-disease management as well as varieties possessing resistance to
improved cassava, common bean, sweet whitefly-borne viruses are being
potato, and tomato germplasm in Asia, multiplied in Central America to provide
Africa, and Latin America, where these certified seed to small-scale farmers free
pests are endemic. Technical guidelines of charge. The IPM package distributed
have been distributed to agricultural to small-scale farmers with the
professionals and farmers on how to improved germplasm emphasizes the
manage whiteflies, which are pests and use of minimum chemical inputs.
31
Challenge Programs and System-Wide Initiatives
•••••••••••••••
1
Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA)
www.prgaprogram.org
Develop and promote methods and organizational approaches for gender-sensitive participatory
research on plant breeding and on management of crops and natural resources.
1. This program has successfully catalyzed the • the need to “build on the positive”—
PRGA Web site. generation of a sizeable body of research to learning from the positive experiences
assess the impact of participatory research of others to make technical and social
and gender analysis methodologies, and science research more focused on
culminated in several publications. The poverty reduction and social inclusion;
program is fueling a broad effort to • the realization that there is no “one
mainstream these findings into practice, way” of doing impact assessment of
notably with African NARIs. Efforts to participatory R&D; in particular,
increase peer-reviewed publication, PhD assessments that rely solely on
dissertation research, and e-learning quantitative techniques no longer work
initiatives with university partners have and integrated impact-assessment
had a positive effect on information methods must be applied;
dissemination. •· in many cases, the principles of impact
assessment—particularly integrated
Lessons learned impact assessment—are more easily
The PRGA program organized an impact- transferable than methods;
assessment workshop with CIMMYT to • including all types of stakeholders
discuss the measurement and interpretation (especially end-users and donors) in the
of the impact of participatory research and planning and conduct of impact
gender analysis. The goal was to provide an assessment contributes to learning and
all-too-rare forum for sharing of change;
experiences, learning, and discussion. As a • impact-assessors need time to reflect on
result, 25 empirical impact studies are now their results, rather than moving
available on the PRGA Web site, and a straight on to the next task; and
number of lessons have been documented. • effective communication of results is
These resources will provide input for both vital, as all too often impact results are
individual impact-assessors and R&D lost in the details of lengthy reports.
organizations, and affect stakeholders at all
levels—from farming communities, to R&D Mainstreaming Gender Analysis in African
agents, to donors. Agricultural Research
A PRGA project, begun in 2004 with
Some of the key lessons learned through the ASARECA, was designed to build capacity in
impact-assessment workshop included: gender analysis and mainstreaming in
32
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
1 2
African NARS. In the first year, learning additional training, the NARS
workshops and mentoring were representatives were able to analyze their
undertaken to develop capacities to institutional situations and to build work
conduct gender analysis, train others, and plans around their knowledge of the
apply concepts and skills to mainstream starting point (i.e., the status quo) and the
these methods. In 2005, a total of desirable end-point (i.e., mainstreamed
17 participants from NARS in eight gender sensitivity). In the long term, 1.
countries attended a workshop on mainstreaming of gender analysis is Amazon Eco-Regional Program
strategic planning for gender analysis and expected to help research better target Web site.
organizational change. After some poverty alleviation.
2.
Land degradation in the forest.
Amazon Eco-Regional Program
www.asb.cgiar.org/regions/amazon/ai.asp
Help prevent, reduce, and reverse land degradation by promoting policies and technologies for
sustainable land management in the region.
The establishment of an Amazon Initiative attracted representatives from more than
System-Wide Eco-Regional Program within 220 institutions. The objectives of these
the CGIAR structure was approved by the workshops included the dissemination of
Alliance Executive. A proposal to the the AI vision, identification of priorities,
Science Council was submitted in mid-2006 creation of an inventory of technologies,
to support research that focused on services, and products supplied in the
integrated socioenvironmental assessment, subregion, and an assessment of major gaps.
enhanced landscape management, natural As well, 11 thematic networks were formed,
resource governance, and collaborative and a training workshop was held for
monitoring and evaluation of research network facilitators in Lima, Peru.
development and outcomes. In addition,
the National Institute of Agricultural and In collaboration with Association of
Food Research and Technology (INIA) in Amazonian Universities (UNAMAZ),
Spain renewed its support for institutional students enrolled in Amazonian universities
development of the Amazon Initiative (AI), are supported through short-term
and the International Centre for Migration internships in research projects carried out
and Development (CIM) approved funds to in NARS and CGIAR Centers. In addition,
hire an environmental services expert. EMBRAPA has earmarked funds for use on
AI activities, and five major collaborative
Nine subregional workshops were carried proposals have been submitted for funding.
out in the six member countries and
33
Challenge Programs and System-Wide Initiatives
•••••••••••••••
An Overview of CIAT
The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) is France
a not-for-profit organization that conducts socially and French Agricultural Research Centre for International
environmentally progressive research aimed at reducing Development (CIRAD)
hunger and poverty and preserving natural resources in Institute of Research for Development (IRD)
developing countries. CIAT is one of the 15 centers funded Ministry of Foreign Affairs
mainly by the 64 countries, private foundations, and Germany
international organizations that make up the Consultative Federal Ministry of Cooperation and Economic
Development (BMZ)
Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Donors Italy
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
CIAT receives funds through the CGIAR or under specific Japan
projects from the countries and organizations listed Ministry of Foreign Affairs
below. We gratefully acknowledge their commitment and The Nippon Foundation
contributions. CIAT also receives funds for research and Latin American and Caribbean Consortium to Support Cassava
Research and Development (CLAYUCA)
development services provided under contract to a Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR)
growing number of institutional clients. Mexico
Grupo Papalotla
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Netherlands
Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern Catholic University of Leuven
and Central Africa (ASARECA) Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS)
Australia Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) New Zealand
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research New Zealand Agency for International Development
(ACIAR) (NZAID)
Austria Norway
Austrian Development Agency (ADA) Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)
Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF) Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Belgium OPEC Fund for International Development
General Administration for Cooperation in Development Peru
(AGCD) National Institute for Agricultural Extension and Research
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INIA)
Brazil Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology (FONTAGRO)
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Spain
Canada National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) Technology (INIA)
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Sweden
Colombia International Programme in the Chemical Sciences (IPICS)
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research of Uppsala University
(CORPOICA) Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)
Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Technology (COLCIENCIAS) (SIDA)
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) Switzerland
Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
European Commission (EC) Swiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH)
Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
34
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
United Kingdom People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics
Department for International Development (DFID)
Natural Resources Institute (NRI) Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF)
United States of America Rural Agroenterprise Development
The Rockefeller Foundation Participatory Research Approaches
United States Agency for International Development
(USAID) Spatial and Economic Analysis for Decision and
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Policy Support in Agriculture and the Environment
W.K. Kellogg Foundation
World Vision Financial Results
World Bank
The following tables show CIAT’s financial position and
Mission provide a statement of activities for the years 2004 and
2005.
To reduce hunger and poverty in the tropics through
collaborative research that improves agricultural CIAT projected a surplus of USD 0.3 million for 2005;
productivity and natural resource management. however, a continued decline in core contributions,
accelerated revaluation of the Colombian peso, additional
Project Portfolio expenditures incurred by implementing the carryover
policy, and difficulties in obtaining full cost recovery from
In response to a series of external reviews, CIAT has restricted projects created a deficit of USD 0.9 million for
organized its diverse project portfolio around two 2005. This left the financial indicators below the CGIAR
initiatives: Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of targets.
Agrobiodiversity; and People and Agroecosystems in the
Tropics. During 2006, CIAT initiated a reorganization based on a
new business plan approved by the Board of Trustees.
Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of This plan includes cuts of USD 2 million across the board
Agrobiodiversity and another USD 2 million in strategic cuts. It also
includes changes in the budgeting system. CIAT will move
Conservation and Use of Tropical Genetic Resources from cost-recovery to full-cost budgeting, which will
Bean Improvement for the Tropics require restricted projects to pay all associated costs,
Improved Cassava for the Developing World including personnel, research and technical support, and
Improved Rice for Latin America and the Caribbean indirect cost. The downsizing resulted in an additional
Tropical Grasses and Legumes USD 3 million for staff termination, which created a
Tropical Fruits deficit of USD 2 million in 2006. CIAT forsees surpluses of
USD 2.5 million in 2007 and USD 3 million in 2008. After
full implemented of the business plan by the end of 2008,
CIAT reserves will amount to USD 9 million, which will be
on target with CGIAR financial indicators.
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 35
An Overview of  CIAT
•••••••••••••••
CIAT Statement of Financial Position (thousand USD)
As of 31 December 2005 and 2004
2005 2004
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 14,559 11,197
Accounts receivable
Donors 7,181 6,011
Employees 357 259
Others 1,546 1,559
Inventories 348 334
Prepaid expenses 176 173
Total Current Assets 24,167 19,533
Non-Current Assets
Property, and equipment 10,021 10,093
Other assets 6 11
Total Non-Current Assets 10,027 10,104
Total Assets 34,194 29,637
Liabilities and Net Assets
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable
Donors 8,551 7,179
Employees 774 595
Others 3,417 3,098
Accruals and provisions 145 163
Support to partners Challenge Programs 3,620 852
Funds in trust 889 267
Total Current Liabilities 17,396 12,154
Non-Current Liabilities
Accruals and provisions 1,091 860
Others 514 536
Total Non-Current Liabilities 1,605 1,396
Total Liabilities 19,001 13,550
Net Assets
Undesignated 4,068 5,041
Designated 11,125 11,046
Total Net Assets 15,193 16,087
Total Liabilities and Net Assets 34,194 279,637
36
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
CIAT Statement of Activities (thousand USD)
For the years ended as of 31 December 2005 and 2004
Restricted
Unrestricted Temporary Challenge Total Total
Programs 2005 2004
Grants 10,981 25,182 4,053 40,216 36,008
Other revenues and support, net 1,248 - - 1,248 968
Total revenues, gains, and other support 12,229 25,182 4,053 41,464 36,976
Program related expenses 8,851 24,543 3,918 37,312 31,688
Management and general expenses 6,871 639 135 7,645 6,420
Other expenses 198 - - 198 358
Total expenses and losses, net before
indirect cost recovery 15,920 25,182 4,053 45,155 38,466
Indirect cost recovery (2,797) - - (2,797) (2,025)
Total expenses and losses, net 13,123 25,182 4,053 42,358 36,441
Net Surplus (Deficit) (894) - - (894) 535
Memorandum items:
Operating expenses by natural classification
Personnel costs 10,939 8,110 1,590 20,639 18,584
Supplies and services 34 8,931 1,467 10,432 8,840
Collaborators-Partnerships costs - 5,256 541 5,797 4,248
Operational travel 1,026 2,246 320 3,592 3,291
Depreciation of fixed assets 1,124 639 135 1,898 1,478
Total operating expenses, net 13,123 25,182 4,053 42,358 36,441
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 37
An Overview of  CIAT
•••••••••••••••
Board of Trustees
Yves Savidan (Chair), France Joachim Voss
Scientific Advisor and International Relations Officer, Director General
Life Sciences CIAT
Agropolis
Moisés Wasserman, Colombia
Mary Scholes (Vice-Chair), South Africa Rector
Professor National University
Department of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences
University of the Witwatersrand Claudio Wernli, Chile
Executive Director
Andrés Felipe Arias, Colombia Millennium Science Initiative
Minister of Agriculture Ministry of Planning and Cooperation
Louise Fortmann, USA Term ended in the reporting period:
Professor Natural Resource Sociology
Rudy Grah Chair in Forestry & Sustainable Development James W. Jones (Chair), USA
ESPM Division of Society and Environment Professor
University of California at Berkeley Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida
Kenneth Giller, UK
Professor Ramón Fayad (Acting), Colombia
Department of Plant Sciences Rector
Wageningen University, The Netherlands National University
Jenchyn Luh, USA Nobuyoshi Maeno, Japan
Chief Operation Officer Technical Advisor
C.M. Capital Corporation Japan Association for International Collaboration in
Agriculture and Forestry (JAICAF)
David Miron, USA
President Mandivamba Rukuni, South Africa
TDM Consultants Program Director
W.K. Kellogg Foundation
Oscar Rojas, Colombia
Executive Director Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka, Kenya
AlvarAlice Foundation Under-Secretary General and Executive Director
United Nations Centre for Human Settlement (UN-HABITAT)
Maria José Sampaio, Brazil
Researcher Barbara Valent, USA
Special Advisor for Policy Affairs University Distinguished Professor
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Department of Plant Pathology
Kansas State University
Armando Samper, Colombia
CIAT Board Chair Emeritus
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Philippines
Founder and Executive Director
Tebtebba Foundation
Arturo E. Vega, Colombia
Executive Director
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA)
38
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
Who’s Who*
Management Team Michael Peters, Forage Germplasm Specialist
Joachim Voss, Director General Wolfgang Pfeiffer, Breeding Coordinator, HarvestPlus
Jesús Cuéllar, Administrative Director Challenge Program
Juan Antonio Garafulic, Director of Finances** Joseph Tohme, Interim Leader, Agrobiodiversity Research for
Douglas Pachico, Director of Research Development Challenge
Luis Roberto Sanint, Director for Public-Private Partnerships Gilles Trouche, Rice Breeder, CIAT/CIRAD
and Agronatura Science Park Changhu Wang, Geneticist
Regional Coordination Ethiopia
Roger Kirkby, Agronomist and Coordinator for Sub-Saharan Ralph Roothaert, Forage Agronomist
Africa, Uganda
Rod Lefroy, Upland Systems Specialist and Coordinator for Kenya
Asia, Lao PDR Paul Kimani, Bean Breeder
Axel Schmidt, Agronomist and Coordinator for Central
America and the Caribbean, Nicaragua Malawi
Rowland Chirwa, Bean Breeder and Coordinator, SABRN
Enhancing and Sharing the Benefits of Agrobiodiversity Jean-Claude Rubyogo, Seed Systems Specialist
Bernardo Arias, Cassava Entomology
Stephen Beebe, Bean Breeder and Project Manager, Nicaragua
Bean Improvement for the Tropics Roger Urbina, Seed Systems Specialist
Mathew Blair, Bean Germplasm Specialist and Breeder
Lee Calvert, Virologist and Project Manager, Rice Nigeria
Improvement for Latin America and the Caribbean Emmanuel Okogbenin, Cassava Breeder
Hernán Ceballos, Cassava Breeder and Project Manager,
Cassava Improvement for the Developing World People and Agroecosystems in the Tropics
Daniel Debouck, Genetic Resources Specialist and Head, Elizabeth Alvarez, Plant Pathologist
Genetic Resources Unit Edgar Amézquita, Soil Physicist
Claudia Patricia Florez, Tropical Fruits/Agrobiodiversity and Jacqueline Ashby, Social Scientist, Rural Innovation
Biotechnology Edmundo Barrios, Soil Scientist
Martin Fregene, Cassava Geneticist Anthony Bellotti, Entomologist
Gerardo José Gallego, Agrobiodiversity and Biotechnology Sandra Brown, GIS Specialist
Alexander García, Bioinformatics, Generation Challenge César Cardona, Entomologist***
Program Fernando Correa, Plant Pathologist
Alonso González, Biologist and Project Manager, Tropical Boru Douthwaite, Technology Policy Analyst
Fruits Shaun Ferris, Postproduction Specialist and Project Manager,
Federico Holmann, Agricultural Economist and Livestock Rural Agroenterprise Development
Specialist, CIAT/ILRI James García, Impact Assessment
Manabu Ishitani, Molecular Biologist Arjan Gijsman, Soil Scientist, CIAT/University of Florida
Carlos Lascano, Ruminant Nutritionist and Project Manager, Verónica Gottret, Economist
Tropical Grasses and Legumes Luis Alfredo Hernández, Participatory Research
Zaida Lentini, Rice Geneticist Glenn Hyman, Agricultural Geographer
César Martínez, Rice Geneticist Andrew Jarvis, Agricultural Geographer
Alvaro Mejía, Agrobiodiversity and Biotechnology/Tropical Nancy Johnson, Interim Leader, Agroecosystems Research for
Fruits Development Challenge
John Miles, Forage Breeder Segenet Kelemu, Plant Pathologist and Project Manager,
Helena Pachón, Human Nutritionist Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management
Juan Carlos Pérez, Cassava Genetics and Improvement Iván Lozano, Molecular Biology, Rice/Cassava
* Although the reporting period covers both 2005 and 2006, staff are listed under the structure put in place after the meeting of the
Board of Trustees, in May 2006.
** Currently on sabbatical leave, with contract ending on 31 March 2007.
*** Left before June 2006.
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 39
An Overview of  CIAT
•••••••••••••••
Mark Lundy, Agroenterprise Specialist Omozoje Ohiokpehai, Food Processing Specialist and
George Mahuku, Plant Pathologist Nutritionist
Francisco Morales, Virologist and Coordinator, Tropical Peter Okoth, GIS Scientist
Whitefly Project, IPM Program Nteranya Sanginga, Soil Scientist and Director of the Tropical
Norbert Niederhauser, Information and Communication Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute
Engineering Specialist Bernard Vanlauwe, Soil Scientist
Thomas Oberthür, GIS Specialist and Project Manager, Ritu Verma, Social Scientist/Anthropologist
Geographical Information and Land Use
Carlos Felipe Ostertag, Rural Agroenterprise Development Lao PDR
Andrés Palau, Program Officer William Bourne, Economist***
Rafael Posada, Agricultural Economist John Connell, Extension Specialist and Rural Sociologist
Carlos Arturo Quirós, Agronomist and Acting Project Manager, Keith Fahrney, Agronomist
Participatory Research Approaches Werner Stür, Forage Agronomist
Idupulapati Rao, Plant Nutritionist/Physiologist and Latin Yukiyo Yamamoto, GIS and Spatial Analysis Specialist***
America Coordinator of the TSBF Institute
Libardo Rivas, Impact Assessment Malawi
María Cecilia Roa, Watersheds Jemimah Njuki, Social Scientist
Marco Rondón, Biogeochemist
Jorge Rubiano, Agronomist and Geographer Rwanda
Nathan Russell, Project Manager, Information and Amare Tegbaru, Social Scientist
Communications for Rural Communities (InforCom)***
José Ignacio Sanz, Production Systems Specialist Senegal
Douglas White, Agricultural Economist Nathalie Beaulieu, Remote Sensing Specialist
Vicente Zapata, Training Officer***
Sri Lanka
Bolivia Simon Cook, Spatial Information Specialist, CIAT/IWMI
Hubert Mazurek, Geographer
Tanzania
Brazil Eliaineny Minja, Entomologist
Roberto Porro, Agricultural Anthropologist, CIAT/ICRAF Mukishi Pyndji, Plant Pathologist and Coordinator, ECABREN
Costa Rica Thailand
Pedro Argel, Agronomist Reinhardt Howeler, Agronomist
Ethiopia Uganda
Tilahun Amede, Agronomist Kwasi Ampofo, Coordinator for Reaching and Engaging
End-Users, HarvestPlus Challenge Program
France Robin Buruchara, Plant Pathologist and Coordinator, PABRA
Manuel Winograd, Environmental Scientist*** Andrew Farrow, GIS Specialist
Susan Kaaria, Economist
Honduras Rachel Muthoni, Social Economist
Miguel Ayarza, Soil Scientist Pascal Sanginga, Social Scientist
Peter Lentes, Geographer
USA
Italy Barun Gurung, Anthropologist and Coordinator, PRGA
Rupert Best, Senior Program Specialist, CIAT/GFAR Program
Nina Lilja, Agricultural Economist, PRGA Program Joshua Ramisch, Anthropologist
Louise Sperling, Social Scientist
Vietnam
Kenya Tiago Wandschneider, Agroenterprise Marketing Specialist
André Bationo, Soil Scientist
Jonas Chianu, Socioeconomist Zimbabwe
Jeroen Huising, Soil Scientist Robert Delve, Soil Scientist
40
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
Public-Private Partnerships and Agronatura Science Park Research Support
Margarita Baena, IPGRI-Americas Alfredo Caldas, Training and Conferences
Rolando Barahona, Animal Nutritionist, CORPOICA Luis Fernando Cruz, Administrative and Financial Systems
Luis Eduardo Berrío, FLAR Eduardo Figueroa, Public Awareness
Marc Châtel, Rice Breeder, CIRAD Manuel Arturo Franco, Database Administration
Edgar Alfredo Corredor, FLAR Edith Hesse, Head, Corporate Communications and Capacity
Carmen De Vicente, Plant Molecular Geneticist, IPGRI- Strengthening
Americas Kathryn Laing, Head, Projects Office
Tito Livio Franco, IPGRI-Americas Julio César Martínez, Graphic Arts
Michael Hermann, Agronomist, IPGRI-Americas Mariano Mejía, Library Public Services
Didier Lesueur, CIRAD, Kenya Carlos Meneses, Head, Information Systems Unit
Mathias Lorieux, Rice Breeder, IRD Octavio Mosquera, Analytical Services Laboratory
María Nelly Medina, Agronatura Science Park Ramiro Narváez, Field Operations
Luis Narro, Plant Breeder, CIMMYT Carlos Saa, Administration and Library Systems
Bernardo Ospina, Postharvest Specialist and Executive Jorge Saravia, Head, Projects Office***
Director, CLAYUCA Simone Staiger-Rivas, Knowledge Sharing/Web Publishing
Alvaro Ramírez, FLAR
Marleni Ramírez, Biologist and Regional Director for the Kenya
Americas Group, IPGRI-Americas Catherine Mgendi, Media Specialist, CIAT/CGIAR
Luis Roberto Sanint, Director for Public-Private Partnerships
and Agronatura Science Park Administration and Finances
Xavier Scheldeman, Biologist, IPGRI-Americas Germán Arias, Internal Legal Adviser
Louise Willemen, Agronomist, IPGRI-Americas*** María del Pilar Correa, Treasurer
Gonzalo Zorrilla, Executive Director, FLAR Sibel González, Head, Protection and Institutional Security
Julio César Labrada, Administrative Associate, Human
Office of the Director General Resources
Fabiola Amariles, Internal Advisor in Gender and Diversity Jorge Alberto Morales, Medical Physician, Human Resources
Issues César H. Moreno, Controller
Luz Stella Daza, Internal Auditor Beatriz Narváez, Administrative Associate, Human Resources
Jim McMillan, Head, Donor Relations Jorge Peña, Head, Budgets
Orlando Millán, Internal Audit Associate Gustavo Peralta, Head, Human Resources
Alexandra Walter, Executive Assistant to the Director General Fernando Posada, Manager, CIAT Miami Office
Mario Rengifo, Projects Financial Officer
Jorge Uribe, Head, Maintenance and Supplies
Gloria Cecilia Vásquez, Head, Food and Housing
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 41
An Overview of  CIAT
•••••••••••••••
CIAT around the World Brazil
Roberto Porro
Headquarters CIAT/ICRAF
EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental
Apartado Aéreo 6713 Escritorio do CIFOR
Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira Travessa Eneas Pinheiro s/n
Cali, Colombia 66095-780 – Belém, PA, Brazil
Phone: +57 (2) 4450000 (direct) or +1 (650) 8336625 (via USA) Phone: +55 (91) 2524547 or 2522460
Fax: +57 (2) 4450073 (direct) or +1 (650) 8336626 (via USA) Fax: +55 (91) 2522460
E-mail: ciat@cgiar.org E-mail: r.porro@cgiar.org
Internet: www.ciat.cgiar.org Costa Rica
CIAT Regional Office—Africa Pedro Argel
IICA-CIAT
CIAT Africa Coordination Apartado 55-2200 Coronado
Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute San José, Costa Rica
P.O. Box 6247 Phone: +506 2160271 (direct) or 2160222, ext. 0756
Kampala, Uganda Fax: +506 2160269
Phone: +256 (41) 566089, 567670, 567804, or 566749 E-mail: p.argel@cgiar.org
Fax: +256 (41) 567635
E-mail: r.kirkby@cgiar.org  / ciat-uganda@cgiar.org Ethiopia
Tilahun Amede and Ralph Roothaert
CIAT Regional Office—Asia c/o ILRI
P.O. Box 5689
P.O. Box 783 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Vientiane, Lao PDR Phone: +251 (11) 6463215
Phone: +856 (21) 770090 Fax: +251 (11) 6461252
Fax: +856 (21) 770091 E-mail: t.amede@cgiar.org  / r.roothaert@cgiar.org
E-mail: r.lefroy@cgiar.org Honduras
CIAT Regional Office—Central America and the Miguel Ayarza and Peter Lentes
Caribbean CIAT-Honduras
Apartado Postal 15159
Residencial San Juan de Los Robles Edificio de DICTA en la Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería
Del Restaurante La Marsellaise, 2 cuadras al lago, Casa #303 Segundo piso
LM-172 Boulevar Miraflores, cerca edificio Hondutel, subiendo a
Managua, Nicaragua INJUPEM
Phone: +505 2709965 Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Fax: +505 2709963 Phone: +504 2326352 (direct)
E-mail:  ciatnica@cablenet.com.ni  / a.schmidt@cgiar.org Fax: +504 2322451, ext. 733
E-mail: ciathill@cablecolor.hn
CIAT Country Offices Italy
Bolivia Rupert Best
Hubert Mazurek GFAR Secretariat
IRD c/o FAO/SDR
Consejo de Población para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CODEPO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
La Paz, Bolivia 00100 Rome, Italy
Phone: +591 (2) 2419326 E-mail: rupert.best@fao.org
Fax: +591 (2) 2782944
E-mail: h.mazurek@cgiar.org
42
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
Nina Lilja Rod Lefroy, Keith Fahrney, and Werner Stür
Via Calandrelli 6, apt.1 CIAT-Asia
00153 Rome, Italy P.O. Box 783
Phone: +39 (6) 5885218 Vientiane, Lao PDR
E-mail: n.lilja@cgiar.org Phone: +856 (21) 770090
Fax: +856 (21) 770091
Louise Sperling E-mail: r.lefroy@cgiar.org  / k.fahrney@cgiar.org  /
Le Ginestre w.stur@cgiar.org
Lucio Volumnio 37
00178 Rome, Italy Malawi
Phone: +39 (6) 7185454 Rowland Chirwa, Jemimah Njuki, and Jean-Claude Rubyogo
Fax: +39 (6) 6197661 SABRN Network
E-mail: l.sperling@cgiar.org Chitedze Agricultural Research Station
P.O. Box 158
Kenya Lilongwe, Malawi
Nteranya Sanginga, André Bationo, Jonas Chianu, Phone: +265 1707387
Jeroen Huising, Catherine Mgendi, Omozoje Ohiokpehai, Fax: +265 1707278
Peter Okoth, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Ritu Verma E-mail: rchirwa@malawi.net  / j.njuki@cgiar.org  /
TSBF Institute of CIAT (TSBF-CIAT) j.c.rubyogo@cgiar.org
ICRAF Campus
UN Avenue, Gigiri Nicaragua
P.O. Box 30677-00100 Axel Schmidt and Roger Urbina
Nairobi, Kenya Residencial San Juan de Los Robles
Phone: +254 (20) 7224766, 7224755, or 7224773 Del Restaurante La Marsellaise, 2 cuadras al lago, Casa #303
Fax: +254 (20) 7224763 or 7224764 LM-172
E-mail: tsbfinfo@cgiar.org Managua, Nicaragua
Phone: +505 2709965
Paul Kimani Fax: +505 2709963
Department of Crop Science E-mail: ciatnica@cablenet.com.ni  / a.schmidt@cgiar.org  /
University of Nairobi r.urbina@cgiar.org
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science
Kabete Campus Nigeria
P.O. Box 29053 Emmanuel Okogbenin
Nairobi, Kenya American Quarters, NRCRI
Phone: +254 (20) 630705 or 631956 PMB 7006
Fax: +254 (20) 630705 or 631956 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
E-mail: kimanipm@nbnet.co.ke  / p.m.kimani@cgiar.org Phone: +234 8057 401924
E-mail: e.okogbenin@cgiar.org
Lao PDR
John Connell Rwanda
CIAT/FLSP Amare Tegbaru
P.O. Box 6766 ATDT Project
Vientiane, Lao PDR ISAR-Rubona
Phone: +856 (21) 222796 B.P. 255
Fax: +856 (21) 222797 Butare, Rwanda
E-mail: j.connell@cgiar.org Phone: +250 530560
Fax: +250 513090
E-mail: a.tegbaru@cgiar.org
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 43
An Overview of  CIAT
•••••••••••••••
Sri Lanka USA
Simon Cook Barun Gurung
IWMI 26 Beckett Way
P.O. Box 2075 Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
Colombo, Sri Lanka Phone: +1 (607) 3190347
Phone: +94 (1) 867404, 869080, 869081, 872178, or 872181 E-mail: b.gurung@cgiar.org
Fax: +94 (1) 866854
E-mail: s.cook@cgiar.org  / iwmi@cgiar.org Fernando Posada and Fabiola Amariles
CIAT Miami
Tanzania 7343 N.W. 79 Terrace
Mukishi Pyndji and Eliaineny Minja Medley, FL 33166, USA
SADC/CIAT Phone: +1 (305) 8639126
Selian Agricultural Research Institute Fax: +1 (305) 8639127
P.O. Box 2704 E-mail: f.posada@cgiar.org  / f.amariles@cgiar.org
Arusha, Tanzania
Phone: +255 (27) 2502268 or 2508557 Vietnam
Fax: +255 (27) 2508557 Tiago Wandschneider
E-mail: m.pyndji@cgiar.org  / e.minja@cgiar.org  / 36A/48 Tay Ho
ciattz@habari.co.tz Tay Ho
Hanoi, Vietnam
Thailand Phone: +84 (4) 7182845
Reinhardt Howeler Fax: +84 (4) 7182811
CIAT-Bangkok Office E-mail: t.wandschneider@cgiar.org
c/o FCRI, Department of Agriculture
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Zimbabwe
Phone: +66 (2) 5797551 Robert Delve
Fax: +66 (2) 9405541 TSBF-CIAT
E-mail: CIAT-Bangkok@cgiar.org c/o Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering
Faculty of Agriculture
Uganda University of Zimbabwe
Kwasi Ampofo P.O. Box MP228
HarvestPlus Mount Pleasant
c/o CIAT Uganda Harare, Zimbabwe
P.O. Box 6247 Phone: +263 (4) 333243 or 333244
Kampala, Uganda Fax: +263 (4) 333244
Phone: +256 (41) 567670 E-mail: r.delve@cgiar.org
Fax: +256 (41) 567635
E-mail: k.ampofo@cgiar.org
Roger Kirkby, Robin Buruchara, Andrew Farrow, Susan Kaaria,
Rachel Muthoni, and Pascal Sanginga
CIAT Africa Coordination
Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute
P.O. Box 6247
Kampala, Uganda
Phone: +256 (41) 566089, 567670, 567804, or 566749
Fax: +256 (41) 567635
E-mail: r.kirkby@cgiar.org  / ciat-uganda@cgiar.org
44
CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
ADA Austrian Development Agency
ADB Asian Development Bank
AGCD General Administration for Cooperation in Development, Belgium
AHI African Highlands Initiative
AI Amazon Initiative
ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa
ASOHOFRUCOL Fondo Nacional de Fomento Hortifruticola, Colombia (National Fund for the Promotion of Horticulture)
ATDT Agricultural Technology Development and Transfer
AusAID Australian Agency for International Development
AVRDC The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan
BFPs basin focal projects
BGBD below-ground biodiversity
BMF Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance
BMZ Federal Ministry of Cooperation and Economic Development, Germany
CAIS Centros de Aprendizaje e Intercambio de Saberes (Centers for Learning and Knowledge Sharing)
CAR Corporación Autónoma Regional (Regional Autonomous Corporation)
CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Costa Rica (Tropical Agricultural Research and
Higher Education Center)
CFC Common Fund for Commodities
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia (International Center for Tropical Agriculture)
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIM Centrum für Internationale Migration und Entwicklung (International Centre for Migration and
Development)
CIMMYT Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, Mexico (International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Center)
CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa, Peru (International Potato Center)
CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
(French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development)
CLAYUCA Consorcio Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Apoyo a la Investigación y al Desarrollo de la Yuca
(Latin American and Caribbean Consortium to Support Cassava Research and Development)
CMD cassava mosaic disease
CNPMF Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, Brazil (National Research Center for
Cassava and Tropical Fruits)
CODEPO Consejo de Población para el Desarrollo Sostenible, Bolivia (People’s Council for Sustainable Development)
COLCIENCIAS Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco José de Caldas”
(The Francisco José de Caldas Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology)
CONDESAN Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina (Consortium for Sustainable Development in
the Andean Ecoregion)
CORPOICA Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research)
CRI Crops Research Institute, Ghana
CRS Catholic Relief Services
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia
CSM-BGBD conservation and sustainable management of below-ground biodiversity
CTA Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 45
Acronyms and Abbreviations
•••••••••••••••
DAPA Diversification Agriculture Project Alliance
DFID Department for International Development, UK
DGIS Directorate General for International Cooperation, the Netherlands
DRD Department for Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Tanzania
EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization
EC European Commission
ECABREN Eastern and Central Africa Bean Research Network
EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation)
ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy
FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
FCRI Field Crops Research Institute, Thailand
FIDAR Fundación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Agrícola, Colombia (Foundation for Agricultural Research and
Development)
FLAR Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego (Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice)
FONTAGRO Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology
GEF Global Environment Facility
GFAR Global Forum on Agricultural Research
GRU Genetic Resources Unit
GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Agency for Technical Cooperation)
IAR4D integrated agricultural research for development
IAvH Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colombia (Alexander von
Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute)
ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre, Kenya
IDEAM Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales, Colombia (Institute of Hydrology,
Meteorology and Environmental Studies)
IDRC International Development Research Centre, Canada
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute, USA
IICA Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Costa Rica
IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya
INCODER Instituto Colombiano de Desarrollo Rural (Colombian Institute for Rural Development)
INIA Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Extensión Agraria, Peru (National Institute for Agricultural Extension
and Research)
INIA Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Spain (National Institute of
Agricultural and Food Research and Technology)
INIBAP International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain
INIVIT Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales, Cuba (National Research Institute on Tropical
Root Crops)
INRM integrated natural resource management
INTA Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Nicaraguan Institute for Agricultural Technology)
IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Italy
IPICS International Programme in the Chemical Sciences, Sweden
IPM integrated pest management
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, the Netherlands
IRD Institut de recherche pour le développement, France (Institute of Research for Development)
ISAR Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (Rwandan Institute for Agricultural Sciences)
IWMI International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka
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CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006
JAICAF Japan Association for International Collaboration in Agriculture and Forestry
JIRCAS Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences
KIT Royal Tropical Institute, the Netherlands
LAC Latin America and the Caribbean
MADR Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Colombia (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
MAS molecular marker-assisted selection
MIS manejo integrado de suelos (integrated soil management)
MTP mid-term plan
NAARI Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute, Uganda
NARIs national agricultural research institutes
NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation, Uganda
NARS national agricultural research centers
NGOs nongovernmental organizations
NRCRI National Root Crops Research Institute, Nigeria
NRI Natural Resources Institute, UK
NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
NZAID New Zealand Agency for International Development
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
PABRA Pan-African Bean Research Alliance
PLS pilot learning site
PM&E participatory monitoring and evaluation
PPB participatory plant breeding
PRDU Participatory Research for Development in the Uplands
PRGA Participatory Research and Gender Analysis
PROINPA Promoción e Investigación de Productos Andinos, Bolivia (Foundation for Promotion and Research of Andean
Products)
QDPI Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Australia
QSMAS Quesungual slash and mulch agroforestry systems
R&D research and development
RAeD Rural Agroenterprise Development
RHBV rice hoja blanca virus
SABRN Southern Africa Bean Research Network
SADC Southern African Development Community
SARI Selian Agricultural Research Institute, Tanzania
SARI Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia
SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
SEI Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SNV Netherlands Development Organisation
SoFT Selection of Forages for the Tropics
SSA CP Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program
TSBF Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility
UMSS Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Bolivia (San Simón University)
UNAMAZ Associação de Universidades Amazônicas (Association of Amazonian Universities)
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
WARDA Africa Rice Center, Benin
WFCP Water and Food Challenge Program
ZIL Swiss Centre for International Agriculture
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 47
Acronyms and Abbreviations

CIAT. 2006
Cali, Colombia.
Press run: 1000
Printed in Colombia
November 2006
Report coordination: Edith Hesse
Text: Mike Graham
Design and Layout: Julio C. Martínez
Printing: Impresora Feriva S.A.
 CIAT Annual Report 2005-2006 49