Jackfruit
Descriptors for
Artocarpus heterophyllus
List of Descriptors
Almond (revised) * (E) 1985
Apple (E) 1982
Apricot * (E) 1984
Avocado (E,S) 1995
Bambara groundnut (E) 1987
Banana (E,S,F) 1996
Barley (E) 1994
Beta (E) 1991
Black pepper (E,S) 1995
Brassica and Raphanus (E) 1990
Brassica campestris L. (E) 1987
Buckwheat (E) 1994
Capsicum (E,S) 1995
Cardamom (E) 1994
Carrot (E,S,F) 1998
Cashew (E) 1986
Cherry * (E) 1985
Chickpea (E) 1993
Citrus (E,F,S) 1988
Coconut (E) 1992
Coffee (E,S,F) 1996
Colocasia * (E) 1980
Cotton (Revised) (E) 1985
Cowpea (E) 1983
Cultivated potato * (E) 1977
Echinochloa millet * (E) 1983
Eggplant (E,F) 1990
Faba bean * (E) 1985
Finger millet (E) 1985
Forage grass * (E) 1985
Forage legumes * (E) 1984
Grapevine (E,S,F) 1997
Groundnut (E,S,F) 1992
Kodo millet * (E) 1983
Lathyrus (E) 2000
Lentil * (E) 1985
Lima bean * (E) 1982
Lupin * (E,S) 1981
Maize (E,S,F,P) 1991
Mango (E) 1989
Medicago (Annual) * (E,F) 1991
Mung bean * (E) 1980
Oat * (E) 1985
Oca * (S) 1982
Oil palm (E) 1989
Panicum miliaceum and P. sumatrense (E) 1985
Papaya (E) 1988
Peach * (E) 1985
Pear * (E) 1983
Pearl millet (E,F) 1993
Phaseolus acutifolius (E) 1985
Phaseolus coccineus * (E) 1983
Phaseolus vulgaris * (E) 1982
Pigeonpea (E) 1993
Pineapple (E) 1991
Pistacia (excluding Pistacia vera) (E) 1998
Pistachio (E,F) 1997
Plum * (E) 1985
Potato variety * (E) 1985
Quinua * (E) 1981
Rice * (E) 1980
Rocket (Eruca spp.) 1999
Rye and Triticale * (E) 1985
Safflower * (E) 1983
Sesame * (E) 1981
Setaria italica and S. pumilia (E) 1985
Sorghum (E,F) 1993
Soyabean * (E,C) 1984
Strawberry (E) 1986
Sunflower * (E) 1985
Sweet potato (E,S,F) 1991
Taro (E,S,F) 1999
Tea (E,S,F) 1997
Tomato (E, S, F) 1996
Tropical fruit * (E) 1980
Vigna aconitifolia and V. trilobata (E) 1985
Vigna mungo
and V. radiata (Revised) * (E) 1985
Walnut (E) 1994
Wheat (Revised) * (E) 1985
Wheat and Aegilops * (E) 1978
White Clover (E) 1992
Winged Bean * (E) 1979
Xanthosoma (E) 1989
Yam (E,S,F) 1997
IPGRI publications are available free of charge
to the libraries of genebanks, university
departments, research institutions, etc. On
request to Head, Editorial and Publications
Unit, titles may also be made available to
individuals who can show that they have a
need for a personal copy of a publication. E, F,
S, C and P indicate English, French, Spanish,
Chinese and Portuguese respectively. Titles
marked with * are available only as
photocopies. Various descriptor lists are
available for downloading in portable
document format from IPGRI’s web site (URL:
).
Jackfruit
Descriptors for
Artocarpus heterophyllus
The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific
organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR). IPGRI’s mandate is to advance the conservation and use of genetic diversity for the well-
being of present and future generations. IPGRI’s headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices
in another 19 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic
Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the
International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). The international
status of IPGRI is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2000, had been
signed and ratified by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil,
Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan,
Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and
Ukraine.
Financial support for the Research Agenda of IPGRI is provided by the Governments of
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Denmark, Estonia, F.R. Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Macedonia (F.Y.R.), Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, the Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
the UK, the USA and by the Asian Development Bank, Common Fund for Commodities, Technical
Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), European Environment Agency (EEA),
European Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International
Development Research Centre (IDRC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD),
Interamerican Development Bank, Natural Resources Institute (NRI), Centre de coopération
internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Nordic Genebank,
Rockefeller Foundation, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP), Taiwan Banana Research Institute (TBRI) and the World Bank.
Citation:
IPGRI. 2000. Descriptors for Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). International Plant Genetic
Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
ISBN 92-9043-450-3
IPGRI encourages the use of material from this publication for educational or other non-commercial
purposes without prior permission from the copyright holder. Acknowledgment of IPGRI’s material
is required. This publication is available to download in portable document format from URL:
.
IPGRI-Office for South Asia
c/o National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus
New Delhi 110 012, India
© International Plant Genetic Resources Institute 2000
ii Jackfruit
CONTENTS
PREFACE iv
DEFINITIONS AND USE OF THE DESCRIPTORS 1
PASSPORT 4
1. Accession descriptors 4
2. Collecting descriptors 6
MANAGEMENT 13
3. Management descriptors 13
4. Multiplication/regeneration descriptors 16
ENVIRONMENT AND SITE 18
5. Characterization and/or evaluation site descriptors 18
6. Collecting and/or characterization/evaluation site environment descriptors 20
CHARACTERIZATION 30
7. Plant descriptors 30
EVALUATION 48
8. Plant descriptors 48
9. Abiotic stress susceptibility 49
10. Biotic stress susceptibility 50
11. Biochemical markers 51
12. Molecular markers 51
13. Cytological characters 52
14. Identified genes 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY 53
CONTRIBUTORS 54
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 58
ANNEX I. Multicrop passport descriptors 59
ANNEX II. Collecting form for jackfruit 63
iii
iv Jackfruit
PREFACE
Descriptors for Jackfruit (Artocarpus hetereophyllus) were developed by Drs Abul Quasem,
Bhag Mal, Nazmul Haq, Mathura Rai, K. Joseph John and S.K. Mitra. Dr Bhag Mal coordinated
the development of this descriptor list. Adraft version prepared in the internationally accepted
IPGRI format for descriptor lists was subsequently sent to a number of international experts
for their comments and amendments. A full list of the names and addresses of those involved
is given in ‘Contributors’.
IPGRI encourages the collection of data for all five types of descriptors (see Definitions and
Use of Descriptors), whereby data from the first four categories – Passport, Management,
Environment and site and Characterization – should be available for any accession. The number
of descriptors selected in each of the categories will depend on the crop and the importance of
the crop’s description. Descriptors listed under Evaluation allow for a more extensive
description of accession, but generally require replicated trials over a period of time.
Although the suggested coding should not be regarded as the definitive scheme, this format
represents an important tool for a standardized characterization system and it is promoted by
IPGRI throughout the world.
This descriptor list provides an international format and thereby produces a universally
understood ‘language’ for plant genetic resources data. The adoption of this scheme for data
encoding, or at least the production of a transformation method to convert other schemes to
the IPGRI format, will produce a rapid, reliable and efficient means for information storage,
retrieval and communication, and will assist with the utilization of germplasm. It is
recommended, therefore, that information should be produced by closely following the
descriptor list with regard to ordering and numbering descriptors, using the descriptors
specified, and using the descriptor states recommended.
This descriptor list is intended to be comprehensive for the descriptors that it contains.
This approach assists with the standardization of descriptor definitions. IPGRI does not,
however, assume that each curator will characterize accessions of their collection utilizing
all descriptors given. Descriptors should be used when they are useful to the curator for the
management and maintenance of the collection and/or to the users of the plant genetic
resources. However, highly discriminating descriptors are marked as highlighted text to
facilitate selection of descriptors.
Multi-crop passport descriptors (see Annex I) were developed jointly by IPGRI and FAO,
to provide consistent coding schemes for common passport descriptors across crops. They are
marked in the text as [MCPD]. Please note that owing to the generic nature of the multi-crop
passport descriptors, not all descriptor states for a particular descriptor will be relevant to a
specific crop. In Annex II, the reader will find a Collecting form for Jackfruit that will facilitate
data collecting.
Any suggestions for improvement on the Descriptors for Jackfruit will be highly
appreciated by IPGRI.
DEFINITIONS AND USE OF THE DESCRIPTORS
IPGRI uses the following definitions in genetic resources documentation:
Passport descriptors: These provide the basic information used for the general
management of the accession (including the registration at the genebank and other
identification information) and describe parameters that should be observed when the
accession is originally collected.
Management descriptors: These provide the basis for the management of accessions in the
genebank and assist with their multiplication and regeneration.
Environment and site descriptors: These describe the environmental and site-specific
parameters that are important when characterization and evaluation trials are held. They
can be important for the interpretation of the results of those trials. Site descriptors for
germplasm collecting are also included here.
Characterization descriptors: These enable an easy and quick discrimination between
phenotypes. They are generally highly heritable, can be easily seen by the eye and are
equally expressed in all environments. In addition, these may include a limited number
of additional traits thought desirable by a consensus of users of the particular crop.
Evaluation descriptors: The expression of many of the descriptors in this category will
depend on the environment and, consequently, special environmental designs and
techniques are needed to assess them. Their assessment may also require complex
biochemical or molecular characterization methods. This type of descriptors includes
characters such as yield, agronomic performance, stress susceptibilities and biochemical
and cytological traits. They are generally the most interesting traits in crop improvement.
Characterization will normally be the responsibility of genebank curators, while evaluation
will typically be carried out elsewhere (possibly by a multidisciplinary team of scientists). The
evaluation data should be fed back to the genebank which will maintain a data file.
Highly discriminating descriptors are marked as highlighted text.
The following internationally accepted norms for the scoring, coding and recording of
descriptor states should be followed:
(a) the Système International d’Unités (SI) is used;
(b) the units to be applied are given in square brackets following the descriptor name;
Definitions and use of the descriptors 1
(c) standard colour charts, e.g. Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, Methuen Handbook
of Colour, or Munsell Color Chart for Plant Tissues, are strongly recommended for all
ungraded colour characters (the precise chart used should be specified in the section where
it is used);
(d) the three-letter abbreviations from the International Standard (ISO) Codes for the representation
of names of countries are used;
(e) many quantitative characters, which are continuously variable, are recorded on a 1-9 scale,
where:
1 Very low 6 Intermediate to high
2 Very low to low 7 High
3 Low 8 High to very high
4 Low to intermediate 9 Very high
5 Intermediate
is the expression of a character. The authors of this list have sometimes described only a
selection of the states, e.g. 3, 5 and 7, for such descriptors. Where this has occurred, the
full range of codes is available for use by extension of the codes given or by interpolation
between them, e.g. in Section 10 (Biotic stress susceptibility), 1 = very low susceptibility
and 9 = very high susceptibility;
(f) when a descriptor is scored using a 1-9 scale, such as in (e), ‘0’ would be scored when (i)
the character is not expressed, and (ii) a descriptor is inapplicable. In the following example,
‘0’ will be recorded if an accession does not have a central leaf lobe:
Shape of central leaf lobe
1 Toothed
2 Elliptic
3 Linear
(g) absence/presence of characters is scored as in the following example:
Terminal leaflet
0 Absent
1 Present
(h) blanks are used for information not yet available;
(i) for accessions which are not generally uniform for a descriptor (e.g. mixed collection,
genetic segregation), the mean and standard deviation could be reported where the
descriptor is continuous. Where the descriptor is discontinuous, several codes in the order
of frequency could be recorded, or other publicized methods can be utilized, such as Rana
et al. (1991), or van Hintum (1993), that clearly state a method for scoring heterogeneous
accessions;
2 Jackfruit
(j) dates should be expressed numerically in the format YYYYMMDD, where
YYYY - 4 digits to represent the year
MM - 2 digits to represent the month
DD - 2 digits to represent the day.
Definitions and use of the descriptors 3
PASSPORT
1. Accession descriptors
1.1 Accession number [MCPD]
This number serves as a unique identifier for accessions and is assigned when an accession
is entered into the collection. Once assigned this number should never be reassigned to
another accession in the collection. Even if an accession is lost, its assigned number should
never be re-used. Letters should be used before the number to identify the genebank or
national system (e.g. IDG indicates an accession that comes from the genebank at Bari,
Italy; CGN indicates an accession from the genebank at Wageningen, The Netherlands; PI
indicates an accession within the USA system)
1.1.1 Local plant number
This identifies a single plant within a population of plants having the same
accession number. It may be any combination of plot identity, row number, or tree
position within the row.
1.2 Donor name
Name of the institution or individual responsible for donating the germplasm
1.3 Donor number [MCPD]
Number assigned to an accession by the donor
1.4 Institute code [MCPD]
Code of the institute where the accession is maintained. The codes consist of the 3-letter
ISO 3166 country code of the country where the institute is located plus number or an
acronym as specified in the Institute database that will be made available by FAO.
Preliminary codes (i.e. codes not yet incorporated in the FAO Institute database) start with
an asterisk followed by a 3-letter ISO 3166 country code and an acronym.
1.5 Curator’s name
Name of the officer responsible for maintaining the genetic resources material held at the
institute specified in descriptor 1.4 Institute code
1.6 Other number(s) associated with the accession [MCPD]
Any other identification number known to exist in other collections for this accession, e.g.
USDA Plant Inventory number (not Collecting number, see descriptor 2.3). Other numbers
can be added as 1.6.3, etc.
1.6.1 Other number 1
1.6.2 Other number 2
4 Jackfruit
1.7 Scientific name
1.7.1 Genus [MCPD]
1.7.2 Species [MCPD]
1.7.3 Subspecies [MCPD]
1.7.4 Variety [MCPD]
1.8 Pedigree
Parentage or nomenclature and designations assigned to breeders’ material
1.9 Cultivar origin
1 Open pollination
2 Artificial pollination
3 Clonal selection
1.10 Accession
1.10.1 Accession name [MCPD]
Either a registered or other formal designation assigned to the accession
1.10.2 Synonyms
Include here any previous identification other than the current name. Collecting
number or newly assigned station names are frequently used as identifiers
1.11 Acquisition date [YYYYMMDD]
Date on which the accession entered the collection
1.12 Accession size
Number or weight of seeds, seedlings, budsticks, in vitro plants, etc. of an accession in the
genebank
1.13 Type of material received
1 Seed/seedling
2 Vegetative
3 Pollen
4 In vitro culture
99 Other (e.g. more than one type, specify in descriptor 1.14 Notes)
1.14 Notes
Any additional information may be specified here
Passport 5
2. Collecting descriptors
2.1 Collecting institute (s)
Name and address of the institute(s) and individuals collecting/sponsoring the collection
of the sample(s)
2.2 Site number
Number assigned to the physical site by the collector
2.3 Collecting number [MCPD]
Original number assigned by the collector(s) of the sample, normally composed of the
name or initials of the collector(s) followed by a number. This item is essential for identifying
duplicates held in different collections and should be unique and always accompany
subsamples wherever they are sent
2.4 Collecting date of original sample [YYYYMMDD] [MCPD]
2.5 Country of origin [MCPD]
Name of the country in which the sample was collected. Use the three-letter abbreviations
from the International Standard (ISO) Codes for the representation of names of countries, No.
3166, 4th Edition. Copies of these are available from DIN: Deutsche Institute für Normung
e.V., D-10772 Berlin, Germany; Tel. 30-2601-2860; Fax 30-2601-1231, Tlx. 184 273-din-d; Web
site URL: http://www.din.de/set/de/DIN.
2.6 Province/State
Name of the primary administrative subdivision of the country in which the sample was
collected
2.7 Department/County
Name of the secondary administrative subdivision (within a Province/State) of the country
in which the sample was collected
2.8 Location of collecting site [MCPD]
Distance in kilometers and direction from the nearest town, village or map grid reference
point (e.g. CURITIBA 7S means 7 km south of Curitiba) and the name of the farm or other
location and the farmer or other individual on whose land the sample was collected
2.9 Latitude of collecting site [MCPD]
Degrees and minutes followed by N (North) or S (South) (e.g. 1030S). Missing data (minutes)
should be indicated with hyphen (e.g. 10-S)
6 Jackfruit
2.10 Longitude of collecting site [MCPD]
Degrees and minutes followed by E (East) or W (West) (e.g. 07625 W). Missing data
(minutes) should be indicated with hyphen (e.g. 076-W)
2.11 Elevation of collecting site [m asl] [MCPD]
2.12 Collecting source [MCPD]
The coding scheme proposed can be used at two different levels of detail: either by using
the global codes such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or by using the more detailed coding such as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3,
etc.
0 Unknown
1 Wild habitat
1.1 Forest/woodland
1.2 Shrubland
1.3 Grasslands
1.4 Desert/tundra
2 Farm
2.1 Field
2.2 Orchard
2.3 Homegarden
2.4 Fallow
2.5 Pasture
2.6 Store
3 Market
3.1 Town
3.2 Village
3.3 Urban area (around city)
3.4 Other exchange system
4 Institute/Research organization
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.13 Collecting source environment
Use descriptors 6.1.1 to 6.1.26 in section 6
2.14 Number of plants sampled
Passport 7
2.15 Type of sample
Form of sample collected. If different types of material were collected from the same source,
each sample type should be designated with a unique collecting number and a
corresponding unique accession number
1 Vegetative
2 Seed/seedling
3 Pollen
4 Tissue culture (specify which part of the plant is
used in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.16 Status of sample [MCPD]
0 Unknown
1 Wild
2 Weedy
3 Traditional cultivar/landrace
4 Breeder’s line
5 Advanced cultivar
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17 Ethnobotanical data
2.17.1 Ethnic group
Name of the ethnic group/community of the farmer donating the sample or of the
people living in the area of collecting
2.17.2 Local/vernacular name
Name given by farmer to the crop and cultivar/landrace. State language and dialect
if the ethnic group is not provided
2.17.3 Translation
Provide translation of the local name into English, if possible
2.17.4 Jackfruit varietal name meaning
Does the jackfruit name have a meaning? If yes, describe it briefly in descriptor
2.23 Collector’s notes
0 No
1 Yes
8 Jackfruit
2.17.5 History of plant use
1 Ancestral/indigenous (Record association with the place
and community)
2 Introduced (but in unknown distant past)
3 Introduced (Record time and details known about introduction)
2.17.6 Parts of the plant used
1 Seed
2 Root
3 Trunk
4 Leaf
5 Flower/inflorescence
6 Fruit
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.7 Plant uses
1 Food
2 Forage
3 Fuel
4 Medicine
5 Wood/timber
6 Dye
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.8 Frequency of use of the plant
1 Daily
2 Weekly
3 Occasional
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.9 Cooking methods
1 Boiling
2 Baking
3 Frying
4 Preserving
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.9.1 Cooking time [min]
Record the number of minutes for each descriptor state of 2.17.9 as
available
Passport 9
2.17.10 Special uses
1 Children
2 Older persons
3 Feasts
4 Religious purpose
5 Chiefs
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.11 Cultural characteristics
Is there folklore associated with the collected jackfruit type? (e.g. taboos, stories
and/or superstitions). If so, describe it briefly in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes
0 No
1 Yes
2.17.12 Jackfruit popularity
Is the variety popular and widely grown? If yes, describe briefly the reasons in
descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes
0 No
1 Yes
2.17.13 Preferred growing conditions
If yes, describe farmer’s perceptions on hardiness of the variety in relation to main
stresses in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes
0 No
1 Yes
2.17.14 Prevailing stresses
Information on main associated biotic (pests and diseases) and abiotic (drought)
stresses
2.17.15 Cultural methods
2.17.15.1 Cropping system
1 Monoculture (specify spacing)
2 Intercropping (specify spacing and type of intercrop)
3 Agropastoralism (specify type of animals)
4 Natural cropping (i.e. wild types topworked
with cultivar/self sown trees retained in homesteads)
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
10 Jackfruit
2.17.15.2 Propagation method
Method used to produce trees
1 Seed
2 Grafting (specify type of grafting and the species,
hybrid and/or clone used as rootstock, in descriptor
2.23 Collector’s notes)
3 Cutting
4 Budding
5 Layering
6 Tissue culture (specify which part of plant used, in
descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.15.3 Irrigation
1 Rain-fed
2 Irrigated (specify average annual amount
of water supplied per hectare)
99 Other (specify in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes)
2.17.16 Associated flora
Other dominant crop/plant species, including other jackfruit species, found in and
around the collecting site
2.17.17 Seasonality
1 Available only in season/at particular period
2 Available throughout the year
2.17.18 Market information
Specify if any premium price was assigned to the type of jackfruit
0 No
1 Yes
2.17.19 Type of market
1 Local
2 National
3 International
2.18 Collecting site population structure
2.18.1 Number of trees sampled
Passport 11
2.18.2 Frequency of plants at collecting site
3 Low
5 Intermediate
7 High
2.19 Plant population density
Number of trees per unit area (specify orchard or homestead)
2.20 Genetic erosion
Estimate the rate of genetic erosion of the species occurring in the region of collection
1 Slow
2 Moderate
3 High
4 Very high
2.21 Herbarium specimen
Was a herbarium specimen collected? If so, provide an identification number and indicate
in which place (Herbarium) the specimen was deposited, in descriptor 2.23 Collectors’
notes
0 No
1 Yes
2.22 Photograph
Was photograph(s) taken of the accession or habitat at the time of collecting? If so, provide
an identification number(s) in descriptor 2.23 Collector’s notes.
0 No
1 Yes
2.23 Collector’s notes
Additional information recorded by the collector or any specific information on any state
in any of the above descriptors
12 Jackfruit
MANAGEMENT
3. Management descriptors
3.1 Accession number
3.1.1 Local plant number
This identifies a single plant within a population of plants having the same
accession number. It may be any combination of plot identity, row number, or tree
position within the row
3.2 Population identification
Collecting number, pedigree, cultivar name etc., depending on the population type
3.3 Accession location in orchard
Enter separate block designations, row numbers and tree numbers within the row for each
duplicate tree of each accession if each tree is not identified with a unique local plant number
(see descriptor 3.1.1)
3.3.1 Block designation
3.3.2 Row number
3.3.3 Tree number within the row
3.4 Storage address
Building, room, shelf number(s)/field location where stored/maintained
3.5 Storage date [YYYYMMDD]
3.6 Sowing/planting date [YYYYMMDD]
Specify the date on which sowing/planting was done
3.7 Plants/propagules establishment [%]
3.8 Type of maintenance
1 Seed
2 Vegetative in the field (Field Genebank/Repository/Hortum)
3 Vegetative in tissue culture (In vitro)
4 Pollen
5 Cryopreservation
99 Other (e.g. more than one type, specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
Management 13
3.9 Duplicates at other location(s)
0 No
1 Yes
3.10 In vitro conservation
3.10.1 Type of explant
1 Seed
2 Zygotic embryo
3 Apical or axillary meristem
4 Apical or axillary shoot tip
5 Somatic embryo
6 Callus
7 Cell suspension
99 Other (specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
3.10.2 Date of introduction in vitro [YYYYMMDD]
3.10.3 Type of subcultured material
1 Seed
2 Zygotic embryo
3 Apical or axillary meristem
4 Apical or axillary shoot tip
5 Somatic embryo
6 Callus
7 Cell suspension
99 Other (specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
3.10.4 Regeneration process
1 Organogenesis
2 Somatic embryogenesis
99 Other (specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
3.10.5 Number of genotypes introduced in vitro
3.10.6 Number of replicates per genotype
3.10.7 Last subculture date [YYYYMMDD]
3.10.8 Medium used at the last subculture
3.10.9 Number of plants at the last subculture
14 Jackfruit
3.10.10 Location after the last subculture
3.10.11 Next subculture date [YYYYMMDD]
3.11 Cryopreservation
3.11.1 Type of material for cryopreservation
1 Seed
2 Zygotic embryo
3 Apical or axillary meristem
4 Apical or axillary shoot tip
5 Somatic embryo
6 Callus
7 Cell suspension
8 Ovule
99 Other (specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
3.11.2 Introduction date in liquid nitrogen [YYYYMMDD]
3.11.3 Number of samples introduced in liquid nitrogen
3.11.4 End of storage period [YYYYMMDD]
3.11.5 Number of samples taken from liquid nitrogen
3.11.6 Type of subcultured material for recovery
(After liquid nitrogen)
1 Seed
2 Zygotic embryo
3 Apical or axillary meristem
4 Apical or axillary shoot tip
5 Somatic embryo
6 Callus
7 Cell suspension
8 Ovule
99 Other (specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
3.11.7 Regeneration process
1 Organogenesis
2 Somatic embryogenesis
99 Other (specify in descriptor 3.12 Notes)
Management 15
3.11.8 Number of recovered samples
3.11.9 Location after the last subculture
3.12 Notes
Any additional information may be specified here
4. Multiplication/regeneration descriptors
4.1 Accession number
4.2 Population identification
Collecting numbers, pedigree, cultivar name etc., depending on the population type
4.3 Field plot number
4.4 Multiplication/regeneration site locations
4.5 Collaborator
4.6 Regeneration year [YYYY]
Year (estimated) when tree should be propagated for regeneration
4.7 Propagation method
Method used to produce trees
1 Seed
2 Budding
3 Grafting
4 Layering
5 Tissue culture
99 Other (specify in descriptor 4.12 Notes)
4.8 Sowing/planting date [YYYYMMDD]
4.9 Cultural practices
4.9.1 Planting density
Number of trees established per hectare
4.9.2 Fertilizer application
Specify type, doses, frequency of each and method of application
16 Jackfruit
4.9.3 Irrigation
Specify amount, frequency and method of application
4.9 Previous multiplication and/or regeneration
4.10.1 Location
4.10.2 Plot number
4.10.3 Sowing/planting date [YYYYMMDD]
4.11 Number of times accession regenerated
Since the date of acquisition
4.12 Notes
Any additional information may be specified here
Management 17
ENVIRONMENT AND SITE
5. Characterization and/or evaluation site descriptors
5.1 Country of characterization and/or evaluation
(See instructions in descriptor 2.5 Country of origin)
5.2 Site (Research Institute)
5.2.1 Latitude
Degrees and minutes followed by N (North) or S (South) (e.g. 1030S). Missing data
(minutes) should be indicated with hyphen (e.g. 10-S).
5.2.2 Longitude
Degrees and minutes followed by E (East) or W (West) (e.g. 07625W). Missing data
(minutes) should be indicated with hyphen (e.g. 076-W)
5.2.3 Elevation [m asl]
5.2.4 Name and address of farm or institute
5.3 Evaluator’s name and address
5.4 Sowing/grafting/budding/layering date [YYYYMMDD]
5.5 Evaluation environment
Environment in which characterization/evaluation was carried out
1 Field
2 Screenhouse
3 Glasshouse
4 Laboratory
5 Other (specify in descriptor 5.16 Notes)
5.6 Condition of tree
Record the condition of the tree at the time of characterization/evaluation
1 Dying 5 Mature – vigorous
2 Old – declining 6 Young (not yet bearing)
3 Mature – diseased 7 Healthy – cropping poorly
4 Mature – non-vigorous 8 Healthy – cropping well
18 Jackfruit
5.7 Seed germination [%]
Specify number of days over which germination is measured
5.8 Grafting/budding/layering success percentage
Specify number of days over which the success is recorded. Indicate the rootstock.
5.9 Number of days to planting after budding/layering [d]
5.10 Field establishment [%]
Specify number of days over which establishment is measured
5.11 Sowing/planting site in the field
Give block, strip and/or row/plot numbers as applicable, plants/plot, replication
5.12 Field spacing
5.12.1 Distance between trees in a row [m]
5.12.2 Distance between rows [m]
5.13 Fertilizer
Specify types used, doses, frequency of each and method of application
5.14 Plant protection
Specify pesticides used, doses, frequency of each and method of application
5.15 Environmental characteristics of site
Use descriptors 6.1.1 to 6.1.26 in section 6
5.16 Notes
Any other site specific information
Environment and Site 19
6. Collecting and/or characterization /evaluation site environment descriptors
6.1 Site environment
6.1.1 Topography
This refers to the profile in elevation of the land surface on a broad scale. The
reference is FAO (1990)
1 Flat 0-0.5%
2 Almost flat 0.6- 2.9%
3 Gently undulating 3-5.9%
4 Undulating 6.0-10.9%
5 Rolling 11.0-15.9%
6 Hilly 16.0-30.0%
7 Steeply dissected >30%, moderate elevation range
8 Mountainous >30%, great elevation range (>300 m)
99 Other (specify in the appropriate section’s Notes)
6.1.2 Higher level landform (general physiographic features)
The landform refers to the shape of the land surface in the area in which the
collecting site is located (adapted from FAO 1990)
1 Plain 5 Upland
2 Basin 6 Hill
3 Valley 7 Mountain
4 Plateau
6.1.3 Land element and position
Description of the geomorphology of the immediate surroundings of the collecting
site (adapted from FAO 1990; Fig. 1)
1 Plain level 17 Interdunal depression
2 Escarpment 18 Mangrove
3 Interfluve 19 Upper slope
4 Valley 20 Midslope
5 Valley floor 21 Lower slope
6 Channel 22 Ridge
7 Levee 23 Beach
8 Terrace 24 Beach ridge
9 Floodplain 25 Rounded summit
10 Lagoon 26 Summit
11 Pan 27 Coral atoll
12 Caldera 28 Drainage line (bottom position in
13 Open depression flat or almost-flat terrain)
14 Closed depression 29 Coral reef
15 Dune 99 Other (specify in appropriate section’s
16 Longitudinal dune Notes)
20 Jackfruit
Fig. 1. Land element and position
6.1.4 Slope [ ° ]
Estimated slope of the collecting site
6.1.5 Slope form
It refers to the general shape of the slope in both the vertical and horizontal
directions (FAO 1990)
1 Straight
2 Concave
3 Convex
4 Terraced
5 Complex (irregular)
Environment and Site 21
6.1.6 Slope aspect
The direction that the slope on which the accession was collected faces. Describe
the direction with symbols N, S, E, W (e.g. a slope that faces a south-western
direction has an aspect of SW)
6.1.7 Crop agriculture
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
6.1.7.1 Tree cropping
1 Non-irrigated tree crop cultivation
2 Irrigated tree crop cultivation
6.1.8 Overall vegetation surrounding and at the collecting site
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
1 Grassland (Grasses, subordinate forbs, no woody species)
2 Forbland (Herbaceous plants predominant)
3 Forest (Continuous tree layer, crowns overlapping, large
number of tree and shrub species in distinct layers)
4 Woodland (Continuous tree layer, crowns usually not touching,
understorey may be present)
5 Shrubland (Continuous layer of shrubs, crowns touching)
6 Savanna (Grasses with a discontinuous layer of trees or shrubs)
99 Other (Specify in appropriate section’s Notes)
6.1.9 Soil parent material
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
Two lists of examples of parent material and rock are given below. The reliability
of the geological information and the knowledge of the local lithology will
determine whether a general or a specific definition of the parent material can be
given. Saprolite is used if the in situ weathered material is thoroughly decomposed,
clay-rich but still showing rock structure. Alluvial deposits and colluvium derived
from a single rock type may be further specified by that rock type
22 Jackfruit
6.1.9.1 Unconsolidated material
1 Aeolian deposits (unspecified)
2 Aeolian sand
3 Littoral deposits
4 Lagoonal deposits
5 Marine deposits
6 Lacustrine deposits
7 Fluvial deposits
8 Alluvial deposits
9 Unconsolidated (unspecified)
10 Volcanic ash
11 Loess
12 Pyroclastic deposits
13 Glacial deposits
14 Organic deposits
15 Colluvial deposits
16 In situ weathered
17 Saprolite
99 Other (specify in appropriate section’s Notes)
6.1.9.2 Rock type
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
1 Acid igneous/ 16 Limestone
metamorphic rock 17 Dolomite
2 Granite 18 Sandstone
3 Gneiss 19 Quartzitic sandstone
4 Granite/gneiss 20 Shale
5 Quartzite 21 Marl
6 Schist 22 Travertine
7 Andesite 23 Conglomerate
8 Diorite 24 Siltstone
9 Basic igneous/ 25 Tuff
metamorphic rock 26 Pyroclastic rock
10 Ultra basic rock 27 Evaporite
11 Gabbro 28 Gypsum rock
12 Basalt 99 Other (specify in
13 Dolerite appropriate section’s
14 Volcanic rock Notes)
15 Sedimentary rock 0 Not known
Environment and Site 23
6.1.10 Stoniness/rockiness/hardpan/cementation
1 Tillage unaffected
2 Tillage affected
3 Tillage difficult
4 Tillage impossible
5 Essentially paved
6.1.11 Soil drainage
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
3 Poorly drained
5 Moderately drained
7 Well drained
6.1.12 Soil salinity (dissolved salts)
1 <160 ppm
2 161-240 ppm
3 241-480 ppm
4 481-800 ppm
5 >800 ppm
6.1.13 Quality of the groundwater
1 Saline
2 Brackish
3 Fresh
4 Polluted
5 Oxygenated
6 Stagnating
6.1.14 Soil depth to groundwater table
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
The depth to the groundwater table, if present, as well as an estimate of the
approximate annual fluctuation, should be given. The maximum rise of the
groundwater table can be inferred approximately from changes in profile colour
in many, but not all, soils.
1 0-25 cm
2 25.1-50 cm
3 50.1-100 cm
4 100.1-150 cm
5 >150 cm
24 Jackfruit
6.1.15 Soil moisture
Moisture conditions prevailing in the soil at the time of collecting should be given
together with the depth. Attention should be paid to unusual moisture conditions
caused by unseasonal weather, prolonged exposure of the profile, flooding, etc.
(from FAO 1990)
1 Dry
5 Slightly moist
7 Moist
9 Wet
6.1.16 Soil matrix colour
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
The colour of the soil matrix material in the root zone around the accession is
recorded in the moist condition (or both dry and moist condition, if possible) using
the notation for hue, value and chroma as given in the Munsell Soil Color Charts
(Munsell Color 1975). If there is no dominant soil matrix colour, the horizon is
described as mottled and two or more colours are given and should be registered
under uniform conditions. Early morning and late evening readings are not
accurate. Provide depth of measurement [cm]. If colour chart is not available, the
following states may be used:
1 White 9 Yellow
2 Red 10 Reddish yellow
3 Reddish 11 Greenish, green
4 Yellowish red 12 Grey
5 Brown 13 Greyish
6 Brownish 14 Blue
7 Reddish brown 15 Bluish black
8 Yellowish brown 16 Black
6.1.17 Soil organic matter content
1 Nil (as in arid zones)
3 Low (as in long-term cultivation in a tropical setting)
5 Medium (as in recently cultivated but not yet much depleted)
7 High (as in never cultivated, and in recently cleared forest)
9 Peaty
6.1.18 Soil pH
Actual value of the soil within the following root depths around the accession,
record only at one of the following depths:
Environment and Site 25
6.1.18.1.1 pH at 0-10 cm
6.1.18.1.2 pH at 11-20 cm
6.1.18.1.3 pH at 21-30 cm
6.1.18.1.4 pH at 31-60 cm
6.1.18.1.5 pH at 61-90 cm
6.1.19 Soil erosion
3 Low
5 Intermediate
7 High
6.1.20 Rock fragments
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
Large rock and mineral fragments (>2 mm) are described according to abundance
1 0 - 2%
2 2.1 - 5%
3 5.1 - 15%
4 15.1 - 40%
5 40.1 - 80%
6 > 80%
6.1.21 Soil texture classes
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
For convenience in determining the texture classes of the following list, particle
size classes are given for each of the fine earth fraction listed below (Fig. 2):
1 Clay 12 Coarse sandy loam
2 Loam 13 Loamy sand
3 Clay loam 14 Loamy very fine sand
4 Silt 15 Loamy fine sand
5 Silty clay 16 Loamy coarse sand
6 Silty clay loam 17 Very fine sand
7 Silt loam 18 Fine sand
8 Sandy clay 19 Medium sand
9 Sandy clay loam 20 Coarse sand
10 Sandy loam 21 Sand, unsorted
11 Fine sandy loam 22 Sand, unspecified
26 Jackfruit
Fig. 2. Soil texture classes
6.1.22 Soil particle size classes
(Adapted from FAO 1990)
1 Clay < 2 µm
2 Fine silt 3 - 20 µm
3 Coarse silt 21 - 63 µm
4 Very fine sand 64 - 125 µm
5 Fine sand 126 - 200 µm
6 Medium sand 201 - 630 µm
7 Coarse sand 631 - 1250 µm
8 Very coarse sand 1251 - 2000 µm
6.1.23 Soil taxonomic classification
As detailed a classification as possible should be given. This may be taken from a
soil survey map. State class (e.g., Alfisols, Spodosols, Vertisols, etc.)
Environment and Site 27
percent sand
percent siltpe
rce
nt
cla
y
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
30
20
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0
1080 70 60 50 40 30 2090
100
10
3
9
2
13
5
6
7
8
6.1.24 Water availability
1 Rain-fed
2 Irrigated
3 Flooded
4 River banks
5 Sea coast
99 Other (specify in appropriate section’s Notes)
6.1.25 Soil fertility
General assessment of the soil fertility based on existing vegetation
3 Low
5 Moderate
7 High
6.1.26 Climate of the site
Should be assessed as close to the site as possible (state number of recorded years)
6.1.26.1 Temperature [°C]
Provide either the monthly or the annual mean
6.1.26.2 Rainfall [mm]
Provide either the monthly or the annual mean (state number of
recorded years)
6.1.26.3 Wind
Annual average (state number of years recorded)
6.1.26.3.1 Frequency of typhoons or hurricane force winds
3 Low
5 Intermediate
7 High
6.1.26.3.2 Date of most recent typhoons or hurricane force
winds [YYYYMMDD]
6.1.26.3.3 Annual maximum wind velocity [m/s]
6.1.26.4 Frost
6.1.26.4.1 Date of most recent frost [YYYYMMDD]
6.1.26.4.2 Minimum temperature [°C]
Specify seasonal average and minimum survival temperature
6.1.26.4.3 Duration of temperature below 0°C [d]
28 Jackfruit
6.1.26.5 Relative humidity
6.1.26.5.1 Relative humidity diurnal range [%]
6.1.26.5.2 Relative humidity seasonal range [%]
6.1.26.6 Light
1 Shady
2 Sunny
6.1.26.7 Daylength [h]
Provide either the monthly (mean, maximum, minimum) or the
seasonal (mean, maximum, minimum)
Environment and Site 29
CHARACTERIZATION
7. Plant descriptors
Average of at least two ‘on-years’ (production years) data recorded on ten trees, unless
otherwise stated
7.1 Growth descriptors
7.1.1 Tree age [y]
7.1.2 Tree vigour
3 Low
5 Medium
7 High
7.1.3 Tree height [m]
From ground level to the top of the tree (if grafted, record also height of graft union
and rootstock name). Evaluate only unpruned trees
7.1.4 Trunk height [m]
Recorded from the base of the tree to the point of emergence of first branch
7.1.5 Trunk circumference [cm]
Recorded at 50 cm above ground level for trees raised through seedlings and above
the grafted union for trees raised through grafting
7.1.6 Trunk surface
1 Smooth
2 Rough
3 Very rough
7.1.7 Crown diameter [m]
Measured as the mean diameter using two directions (North-South and East-West)
30 Jackfruit
7.1.8 Crown shape
(See Fig. 3)
1 Pyramidal
2 Broadly pyramidal
3 Spherical
4 Oblong
5 Semicircular
6 Elliptical
7 Irregular
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
Fig. 3. Crown shape
7.1.9 Tree growth habit
1 Erect
2 Semi-erect
3 Spreading
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.1.10 Branching density
3 Sparse
5 Medium
7 Dense
Characterization 31
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
7.1.11 Branching pattern
(See Fig. 4)
1 Erect
2 Opposite
3 Verticillate
4 Horizontal
5 Irregular
Fig. 4. Branching pattern
7.1.12 Apical dominance
Estimated as number of lateral branches on one-and two-year-old twig
3 Weak
5 Intermediate
7 Strong
7.2 Leaf descriptors
Average of 20 fully expanded representative leaves, collected from different trees when shoots
are lignified. Do not select leaves that are abnormal due to disease, nutritional imbalances
and excessive vigour. For qualitative characteristics, indicate the predominant one.
32 Jackfruit
1 2 3
4 5
7.2.1 Leaf blade length [cm]
Measured from the base to the tip of the leaf blade
7.2.2 Leaf blade width [cm]
Measured at the widest point
7.2.3 Leaf blade shape
(See Fig. 5)
1 Obovate
2 Elliptic
3 Broadly elliptic
4 Narrowly elliptic
5 Oblong
6 Lyrate (wavy)
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
Fig. 5. Leaf blade shape
Characterization 33
1 2 3
4 5 6
7.2.4 Leaf apex shape
(See Fig. 6)
1 Acute
2 Acuminate
3 Retuse
4 Obtuse
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
Fig. 6. Leaf apex shape
7.2.5 Leaf base shape
(See Fig. 7)
1 Oblique
2 Rounded
3 Cuneate
4 Shortly attenuate
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
Fig. 7. Leaf base shape
34 Jackfruit
1 2
3 4
1 2 3 4
7.2.6 Leaf blade margin
1 Entire
2 Undulate
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.2.7 Leaf colour
Evaluated at adaxial side, at fully mature stage
1 Light green
2 Green
3 Dark green
4 Pinkish green
7.2.8 Leaf upper surface pubescence
1 Glabrous
2 Sparse
3 Intermediate
4 Dense
7.2.9 Leaf lower surface pubescence
1 Glabrous
2 Sparse
3 Intermediate
4 Dense
7.2.10 Leaf midrib pubescence
1 Glabrous
2 Sparsely puberulent
7.2.11 Petiole shape
1 Flattened
2 Rounded
3 Rounded straight adaxially
7.2.12 Petiole length [mm]
Measured from the base of petiole to the base of leaf blade in mature leaf
7.2.13 Grooves on petiole
0 Absent
1 Present
7.2.14 Crotch angle of petiole
1 Acute (<90°)
2 Obtuse (≥90°)
Characterization 35
7.3 Inflorescence descriptors
Average of at least two ‘on-years’ data. Recorded at peak bloom period
7.3.1 Flowering precocity [y]
Specify number of years from budding/layering/grafting/seed sowing to first
flower (i.e. 4 B/L/G/S indicates first flower produced 4 years after field
establishment from the date of budding/layering/ grafting/seed sowing,
respectively)
7.3.2 Date of appearance of first male inflorescence [YYYYMMDD]
7.3.3 Date of appearance of 75% male inflorescences [YYYYMMDD]
7.3.4 Date of appearance of first female inflorescence [YYYYMMDD]
7.3.5 Date of appearance of 75% female inflorescences [YYYYMMDD]
7.3.6 Female flower aroma
Recorded during opening
1 Mild
2 Intermediate
3 Strong
7.3.7 Inflorescence colour
1 Light green
2 Light yellow
3 Dark yellow
4 Crimson
7.3.8 Secondary flowering
0 Absent
1 Present
7.3.9 Female inflorescence density
3 Sparse
5 Intermediate
7 Dense
36 Jackfruit
7.3.10 Female inflorescence position
1 Mainly on trunk
2 Mainly on trunk and primary branches
3 Mainly on trunk, primary and secondary branches
4 On the whole stem including primary, secondary
and tertiary branches
7.3.11 Male inflorescence position
1 Mainly on tertiary branches
2 Mainly on secondary branches
3 Mainly on primary branches
4 Mainly on trunk
5 All positions equally
7.3.12 Number of primary lateral inflorescence branches
Average of 20 inflorescences at peak bloom period
7.3.13 Alternate bearing
Estimated as percentage of inflorescence bud drop in on-years
1 Slight ≤25%
2 Moderate 26 -50%
3 High 51 -75%
4 Very high >75%
7.4 Fruit descriptors
Recorded on well-developed fruits at harvest time, unless otherwise specified
7.4.1 Number of years to first fruiting after sowing/planting [y]
7.4.2 Number of days from flowering to fruit maturity [d]
7.4.3 Fruiting season
1 Early
2 Mid-season
3 Late
Characterization 37
7.4.4 Fruiting season dates
7.4.4.1 Start of fruiting season [YYYYMMDD]
7.4.4.2 End of fruiting season [YYYYMMDD]
7.4.5 Fruit bearing
7.4.5.1 Fruit bearing habit
1 Regular
2 Alternate years
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.5.2 Fruit bearing position
1 Main trunk
2 Primary branch
3 Secondary branch
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.6 Fruit clustering habit
Specify number of trees evaluated per accession
1 Solitary
2 Clusters
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.7 Fruit shape
Specify number of fruits evaluated. (See Fig. 8)
1 Obloid
2 Spheroid
3 Ellipsoid
4 Clavate
5 Oblong
6 Irregular
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
38 Jackfruit
Fig. 8. Fruit shape
7.4.8 Stalk length [mm]
Measured from the base of the peduncle to the base of fruit at maturity. Average of
10 fruit stalks
7.4.9 Stalk diameter [mm]
Measured at 5 cm from the base of fruits. Average of 10 fruit stalks
Characterization 39
1 2 3
4 5 6
7.4.10 Stalk attachment to fruit
(See Fig. 9)
1 Depressed
2 Flattened
3 Inflated
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
Fig. 9. Stalk attachment to fruit
7.4.11 Fruit length [cm]
Average of ten fruits
7.4.12 Fruit diameter [cm]
Measured at the widest point. Average of ten fruits
7.4.13 Fruit weight [kg]
Average of ten fruits
7.4.14 Fruit rind weight [kg]
Average of ten fruits
7.4.15 Fruit rind thickness
1 Thin
2 Medium
3 Thick
4 Very Thick
7.4.16 Fruit rind colour
Recorded at maturity
1 Green
2 Greenish yellow
3 Yellow
5 Reddish yellow
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
40 Jackfruit
1 2 3
7.4.17 Fruit surface
1 Smooth
2 Spiny
7.4.18 Shape of spine
Observed on mature fruit rind at the basal region
1 Sharp pointed
2 Intermediate
3 Flat
7.4.19 Spine density
Observed in 5x5 cm2 area at the base of fruit at mature rind stage
3 Sparse
7 Dense
7.4.20 Latex exudation
Latex exudation determined at the time of detaching mature fruits and fully
developed leaves
1 Low
2 Medium
3 High
7.4.21 Fruit quality
Combined assessment of taste, flavour, pulp sliminess and eye appeal
1 Poor
2 Moderate
3 Good
4 Excellent
7.4.22 Fruit attractiveness
Combined assessment of shape, size, colour, spine structure, etc.
1 Poor
2 Intermediate
3 Good
4 Excellent
7.4.23 Shelf life [d]
Number of days fruit remains in good condition under storage at room temperature
7.4.24 Number of flakes (bulbs) per kg fruit
Total number of flakes divided by the total weight of 10 fruits
Characterization 41
7.4.25 Weight of flakes per kg fruit [g]
Measured on ten fruits
7.4.26 Weight of fresh flake with seed [g]
Average of 20 flakes
7.4.27 Weight of fresh flake without seed [g]
Average of 20 flakes
7.4.28 Flake/fruit ratio
Average of 10 fruits (weight of flakes divided by weight of fruits)
7.4.29 Flake length [cm]
Average of 20 flakes
7.4.30 Flake width [cm]
Average of 20 flakes at the widest point
7.4.31 Flake thickness
1 Thin
2 Medium
3 Thick
7.4.32 Flake shape
Observed near mid region of fruit. (See Fig. 10)
1 Spheroid
2 Cordate
3 Twisted
4 Obovate
5 Rectangular
6 Oblong with curved tip
7 Irregular
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.33 Flake fibre content
Recorded on fully ripe flakes
1 Low
2 Medium
3 High
42 Jackfruit
Fig. 10. Flake shape
7.4.34 Flake texture
Recorded on fully ripe fruits
1 Soft
2 Firm
3 Coarse
4 Fibrous
5 Melting
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.35 Flake nutritive value
Recorded on fully ripe fruits
7.4.35.1 Total sugars [%]
7.4.35.2 Total soluble solids [°Brix]
7.4.35.3 Vitamin A [ I.U.]
Characterization 43
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
7.4.36 Pulp taste
According to local preference
1 Insipid
2 Acid
3 Bitter
4 Sweet
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.37 Pulp consistency
1 Slimy
2 Soft
3 Medium
4 Firm
7.4.38 Pulp flavour
Assessed at the time of opening ripe fruit
1 Weak
2 Intermediate
3 Strong
7.4.39 Pulp juiciness
0 Not juicy
1 Juicy
2 Very juicy
7.4.40 Pulp (flake flesh) colour
Recorded at the ripe stage
1 Coppery red
2 Deep yellow
3 Yellow
4 Light yellow
5 Creamy white
6 White
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.4.41 Rachis (fruit core) length [cm]
Average of ten rachides at fully ripe stage
7.4.42 Rachis (fruit core) diameter [cm]
Measured at the widest point. Average of ten rachides at fully ripe stage
44 Jackfruit
7.4.43 Rachis cooking quality
Recorded at mature stage
1 Poor
2 Good
7.4.44 Vivipary
0 Absent
1 Present
7.5 Seed descriptors
7.5.1 Seed length [cm]
Average of 20 seeds
7.5.2 Seed width [cm]
Average of 20 seeds at the widest point
7.5.3 Number of seeds per kg fruit
7.5.4 100-Seed weight [g]
7.5.5 Seed shape
(See Fig. 11)
1 Spheroid 5 Reniform
2 Ellipsoid 6 Irregular
3 Elongate 99 Other (specify in
4 Oblong descriptor 7.6 Notes)
Fig. 11. Seed shape
Characterization 45
1 2 3
4 5 6
7.5.6 Seed surface sliminess (ripe fruits)
1 Slightly slimy
2 Intermediate
3 Highly slimy
7.5.7 Seed coat thickness
1 Thin
2 Intermediate
3 Thick
7.5.8 Seed surface pattern
1 Uniform
2 Regular striations
3 Patches
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.5.9 Seed coat colour
1 Off-white
2 Creamish
3 Dull brown
4 Brown
99 Other (specify in descriptor 7.6 Notes)
7.5.10 Adherence of seed coat to kernel
1 Easily separable
2 Intermediate
3 Difficult to separate
7.5.11 Flake/seed ratio
Weight of flakes divided by weight of seeds. Average of 20 seeds
7.5.12 Seed cooking quality
(Steam boiled)
1 Poor
2 Medium
3 Good
4 Very good
46 Jackfruit
7.5.12.1 Seed consistency after boiling
1 Waxy
2 Intermediate
3 Floury
7.5.12.2 Seed flavour after boiling
1 Weak
2 Intermediate
3 Strong
7.6 Notes
Any additional information may be specified here
Evaluation 47
EVALUATION
8. Plant descriptors
8.1 Fruit
8.1.1 Yield per tree [kg per year]
8.1.2 Number of fruits per tree
Average of ten trees per accession
8.1.3 Fruit productivity [kg/m2]
Average of ten trees per accession. Yield relative to tree canopy size calculated from
length and width
8.1.4 Fruit availability [d]
Number of days from the first to the last harvest date
8.1.5 Maturity period
1 Early
2 Intermediate
3 Late
8.1.6 Fruit bearing
3 Poor
5 Medium
7 Heavy
8.1.7 Fruit quality at storage [d]
Number of days of storage under ambient conditions
8.2 Kernel
8.2.1 Chemical composition
8.2.1.1 Kernel protein content [%]
8.2.1.2 Kernel carbohydrate content [%]
8.3 Notes
Specify here any other additional information
48 Jackfruit
9. Abiotic stress susceptibility
Scored under artificial and/or natural conditions, which should be clearly specified. These are
coded on a susceptibility scale from 1 to 9, viz.:
1 Very low or no visible sign of susceptibility
3 Low
5 Intermediate
7 High
9 Very high
9.1 Reaction to higher temperature
9.1.1 Sunburn susceptibility of fruit
0 Not susceptible
3 Poor
5 Medium
7 High
9 Very high
9.2 Reaction to soil salinity
9.3 Reaction to mineral deficiency
1 Nitrogen
2 Phosphorus
3 Potassium
4 Boron
5 Zinc
6 Copper
7 Molybdenum
99 Other (specify in descriptor 9.8 Notes)
9.4 Reaction to mineral toxicity
1 Boron
2 Zinc
3 Chloride
4 Copper
5 Calcium
99 Other (specify in descriptor 9.8 Notes)
Evaluation 49
9.5 Reaction to waterlogging
9.6 Reaction to drought
9.7 Reaction to constant winds
9.8 Notes
Specify here any additional information
10. Biotic stress susceptibility
In each case, it is important to state the origin of the infestation or infection, i.e. natural, field
inoculation, and laboratory. Also specify the causal organism and the corresponding symptoms.
Record such information in descriptor 10.3 Notes. These are coded on a susceptibility scale
from 1 to 9, viz.:
1 Very low or no visible sign of susceptibility
3 Low
5 Intermediate
7 High
9 Very high
10.1 Pests
Causal organism Common name
10.1.1 Morganella longispina Plumose scale
10.1.2 Lepropuss sp. Leaf eating beetle
10.1.3 Batocera rufomaculata Bark borer
10.1.4 Bactrocera dorsalis Fruit fly
10.1.5 Bactrocera umbrosa Oriental fruit fly
10.1.6 Ceroplastes rubens Jack scale
10.1.7 Chionaspis sp. Scale
10.1.8 Conogethes punctiferalis Shoot borer
10.1.9 Glyphodes caesalis Shoot and fruit borer
10.1.10 Ferrisia virgata Striped mealy bug
10.1.11 Greenidea artocarpi Jackfruit aphid
10.1.12 Homona coffearia, Asota sp., Lymantria sp. Leaf eating caterpillar
10.1.13 Icerya aegyptiaca Mealybug
10.1.14 Indarbela tetraonis Bark eating caterpillar
10.1.15 Lecanium psidii Scale insect
10.1.16 Glyphodes caesalis Jackfruit borer
10.1.17 Perina nuda Jackfruit leaf-webber
10.1.18 Platypus sp. Shoot and trunk borer
10.1.19 Pulvinaria psiddi Mealy scale
10.1.20 Toxoptera auranti Citrus aphid
50 Jackfruit
10.2 Diseases
10.2.1 Botryodiplodia theobromae, Cercospora sp.,
Colletotrichum orbiculare, Gleosporium sp.,
Phomopsis sp., Septoria sp. Leaf spot
10.2.2 Botrytis cinerea Blossom and fruit blight
10.2.3 Cephaleuros parasiticus Red rust – algal
10.2.4 Colletotrichum sp. Anthracnose
10.2.5 Corticium salmonicolor Pink stem disease
10.2.6 Fomes sp., Hoplolaimus sp. Root diseases
10.2.7 Phellinus sp. Dry rot
10.2.8 Phyllosticta sp.,Phytophthora sp., Rhizopus artocarpi,
Rhizoctonia solani Fruit rot
10.2.9 Rhizophus stolonifer Pink disease
10.2.10 Macrophomina phaseolina, Rosellinia arcuata,
Rosellinia bunodes Root rot
10.2.11 Sphaerostilbe repens Stinking root disease
10.2.12 Uredo artocarpi Rust
10.2.13 Erwinia carotovora Bacterial disease
10.3 Notes
Specify here any additional information
11. Biochemical markers [specify methods used and cite reference(s)]
11.1 Isozymes
For each enzyme, indicate the tissue analyzed and the zymogram type. Aparticular enzyme
can be recorded as 11.1.1; 11.1.2, etc. Examples include: Acid phosphatase (ACPH);
Esterases α and β (EST A and B); Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD); Malate dehydrogenase
(MDH); Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD); Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI);
Phosphoglucose mutase (PGM); Peroxidases
11.2 Other biochemical markers
(e.g. Polyphenol profile)
12. Molecular markers
Describe any specific discriminating or useful trait for this accession. Report probe-enzyme
combination analyzed. Below are listed some of the basic methods most commonly used
12.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Report probe/enzyme combination (approach can be for nuclear, chloroplast or
mitochondrial genomes)
Evaluation 51
12.2 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
Report primer pair combinations and accurate molecular size of products (used for nuclear
genomes)
12.3 DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF); random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD); AP-PCR
Accurately report experimental conditions and molecular size of products (used for nuclear
genomes)
12.4 Sequence-tagged microsatellites (STMS)
Report primer sequences, and accurate product sizes (can be used for nuclear or chloroplast
genomes)
12.5 PCR-sequencing
Report PCR primer sequences, and derived nucleotide sequence (can be used for single
copy nuclear, chloroplast or mitochondrial genomes)
12.6 Other molecular markers
13. Cytological characters
13.1 Chromosome number
13.2 Ploidy level
(2x, 3x, 4x, etc. and aneuploidy)
13.3 Meiosis chromosome associations
Average of 50 microspore mother cells, observed during metaphase 1
13.4 Other cytological characters
14. Identified genes
Describe any known specific mutant present in the accession
52 Jackfruit
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amzad Hossain, A.K.M. 1996. Status Report on Genetic Resources of Jackfruit in Bangladesh.
IPGRI Project No. B06. Horticultural Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Azad, A.K. 1999. Genetic Diversity of Jackfruit and Development of Propagation Methods.
PhD Thesis. University of Southampton, UK.
CAB International. 1999. Crop Protection Compendium. CD-ROM. CAB International, UK.
FAO. 1990. Guidelines for Soil Profile Description, 3rd edition (revised). Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, International Soil Reference Information Centre, Land
and Water Development Division. FAO, Rome.
Henderson, I.F. 1989. Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms. Tenth Edn., Eleanor
Lawrence (ed.). Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex, England.
Kornerup, A. and J.H. Wanscher. 1984. Methuen Handbook of Colour. Third edition. Methuen,
London.
Medagoda, I. and S.D.G. Jayawardena. 1997. Status Report on Genetic Resources of Jackfruit
in Sri Lanka. IPGRI Project No. B06. Horticultural Crop Research and Development
Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Munsell Color. 1975. Munsell Soil Color Chart. Munsell Color, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Munsell Color. 1977. Munsell Color Charts for Plant Tissues, 2nd edition, revised. Munsell
Color, Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Corporation, 2441 North Calvert Street,Baltimore,
Maryland 21218, USA.
Rana, R.S., R.L. Sapra, R.C. Agrawal and Rajeev Gambhir. 1991. Plant Genetic Resources
Documentation and Information Management. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research), New Delhi. India. 188p.
Royal Horticultural Society. 1966, c. 1986. R.H.S. Colour Chart (edn. 1, 2). Royal Horticultural
Society, London.
Stearn, William T. 1995. Botanical Latin. Fourth Edition. David & Charles Publishers, Newton
Abbot, UK.
van Hintum, Th.J.L. 1993. A computer compatible system for scoring heterogeneous
populations. Genet. Resour. & Crop Evol. 40:133-136.
BIbliography 53
CONTRIBUTORS
Authors
Dr Abul Quasem
Ex-Director, HRC/BARI &
Managing Director
Hortex Foundation
3/1 Block-B, Lalmatia
Dhaka 1207
BANGLADESH
Phone: 0088-020823433
Fax: 0088-02-9125181
Email: hotex@citechco.net
Dr Bhag Mal
Coordinator for South Asia
IPGRI Office for South Asia
Pusa Campus
New Delhi 110 012
INDIA
Phone: +91-11-5786112/5819899
Fax: +91-11-5731845
Email: B.mal@cgiar.org
Dr Nazmul Haq
Director
International Centre for Underutilized
Crops
University of Southampton, Highfield
Southampton S017 1BJ
UNITED KINGDOM
Phone: +44(0) 1703 594229
Fax: +44(0) 1703 677519
Email: Haq@soton.ac.uk
Dr Mathura Rai
Principal Scientist & Head
Central Horticultural Experiment Station
Plandu, Tata Road
PO: Rajaulatu, Via: Namkum
Ranchi 834 001, Bihar
INDIA
Phone: +91-651-520207/520064
Fax: +91-651-520141
Dr K. Joseph John
Scientist (Senior Scale)
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
Regional Station, Vellanikkara
Thrissur 680 654, Kerala
INDIA
Phone: +91-487-370499
Fax: +91-487-372589
Email: nbpgrtsr@md4.vsnl.net.in
Dr S.K. Mitra
Professor & Head
Department of Fruits & Orchard
Management
Faculty of Horticulture
Bidan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Mohanpur, Distt. Nadia, West Bengal
INDIA
Reviewers
Dr A.K.M. Amzad Hossain
Former Director
Horticulture Research Centre
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Gazipur 1701
BANGLADESH
Phone: +99-02-897536
Email: bkazi@dhaka.agni.com
54 Jackfruit
Dr N.I. Bhuiyan
Ex-Director
Horticultural Research Centre
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
GPO Box 2235, Joydebpur
Gazipur 1701
BANGLADESH
Dr Francis Zee
Curator
National Clonal Germplasm Repository
PO Box 4487
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
USA
Phone: +1-808-959-5833
Fax: +1-808033209765
Dr S.P. Ghosh
Deputy Director General (Horticulture)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Krishi Bhavan
New Delhi 110 001
INDIA
Phone: +91-11-3382534
Fax: +91-11-3387293
Emal: spg@icar.delhi.nic.in
Dr M. Abdul Nizar
Scientist
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
Regional Station, Vellanikkara
Thrissur 680 654, Kerala
INDIA
Phone: +91-487-370499
Fax: +91-487-372589
Email: nbpgrtsr@md4.vsnl.net.in
Dr R.P. Tewari
Head, Division of Plant Genetic Resources
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
PO: Hessarghatta Lake
Bangalore 560 089
INDIA
Tel: +91-80-8466353
Fax: +91-80-8466291
Dr S.H. Jalikop
Senior Scientist
Division of Fruit Crops
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
PO: Hessarghatta Lake
Bangalore 560 089
INDIA
Tel: +91-80-8466353
Fax: +91-80-8466291
Dr S. Ganeshan
Senior Scientist
Division of Plant Genetic Resources
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
PO: Hessarghatta Lake
Bangalore 560 089
INDIA
Tel: +91-80-8466353
Fax: +91-80-8466291
Dr T.V. Ananthanarayanan
Senior Scientist
Division of Plant Genetic Resources
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
PO: Hessarghatta Lake
Bangalore 560 089
INDIA
Tel: +91-80-8466353
Fax: +91-80-8466291
Contributors 55
Dr D.S. Rathore
Assistant Director General (Horticulture)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Krishi Bhavan
New Delhi 110 001
INDIA
Phone: +91-11-3387516
Fax: +91-11-3387296
Dr I.S. Singh
Head, Department of Horticulture and Food
Technology
ND University of Agriculture and
Technology
Kumarganj
Faizabad 224 229
INDIA
Phone: +91-5270-62463
Fax: +91-5270-62074
Dr N.K. Mohan
Director, Extension Education
Assam Agricultural University
Kahikuchi, Guwahati 17
Assam
INDIA
Phone: +91-376-340029,340005
Fax: +91-376-325344
Dr R. Sarma
Horticultural Research Station
Assam Agricultural University
Kahikuchi, Guwahati 17
Assam
INDIA
Dr Salma Idris
Strategic Environment and Natural
Resources Research Centres
Malaysian Agricultural Research &
Development Institute
43400 Serdang
Selangor
MALAYSIA
Tel: 63-9437311
Fax: +63-9483664
Dr Mohd. Senawi bin Mohd Tamin
Assistant Director, Biol. Res. Division
Malaysian Agricultural Research &
Development Institute
PO Box 12301
GPO 50774, Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
Fax: +603-9483664
Dr R.E. Coronel
Professor & Project Leader
National Plant Genetic Resources
Laboratory
Institute of Plant Breeding
College of Agriculture, University of
Philippines
Los Baños
PHILIPPINES
Dr Crisanto R. Escano
Director
Crop Research Division, PCARRD
Paseo de Valmayor, 4030, Los Baños, Laguna
PHILIPPINES
Tel: 63-049-536-0014/20
Fax: 63-49-5360016/5360132
Email: crescano@ultra.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph
56 Jackfruit
Dr Felipe S. dela Cruz, Jr.
University Reader & Head, Fruit &
Ornamental Crops Division
National Plant Genetic Resources
Laboratory (NPGRL)
Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB)
Los Banos, College, Laguna 4031
PHILIPPINES
TeL 63-49-536 2298
Fax: 63-49-536 3438
Email: fsdej@ipb.uplb.edu.ph
Dr A.H.M. Jayasuriya
Senior Deputy Director
Plant Genetic Resources Centre
Peradeniya
SRI LANKA
Fax: +94-8-388490
Email: pgrc@slt.lk
Dr C. Kudagamage
Director
Horticultural Research and Development
Institute
Gannoruwa
Peradeniya
SRI LANKA
Fax: 94-8-388234
Email: hordi@slt.lk
Dr I. Medagoda
Head (Fruits Division)
Horticultural Crop Research Development
Institute (HORDI)
PO Box 11, Gannoruwa
Peradeniya
SRI LANKA
Fax: 94-8-388234
Email: hordi@slt.lk
Dr Supab Suntaranond
Chanthaburi Horticultural Research Centre
Plew, Lam Sing
Chanthaburi 22190
THAILAND
Phone: +66-039-397030
Fax: +66-039-397236
Mr Narin Pirmpool
Pichit Horticultural Research Centre
Muang, Pichit
THAILAND
Phone: +66-56-612351
Fax: +66-56-612351
Contributors 57
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
IPGRI wishes to place on record their sincere thanks to the numerous jackfruit workers around
the world who have contributed directly or indirectly to the development of the Descriptors
for Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus).
Dr Bhag Mal of IPGRI-APO coordinated the development and review of this publication.
Ms Adriana Alercia supervised the production of the text up to the publication stage and
provided scientific and technical expertise. Ms Linda Sears edited the text and Ms Patrizia
Tazza prepared the cover and the layout. Drs Mathura Rai and K. Joseph Johan provided the
figures shown in the text.
Technical and scientific advice provided by Drs V. Ramanatha Rao, R.K. Arora, F. Morales,
T. Hodgkin and F. Engelmann are gratefully acknowledged.
58 Jackfruit
ANNEX I. Multicrop Passport Descriptors
This list of multicrop passport descriptors has been developed jointly by IPGRI and FAO to
provide consistent coding schemes for common passport descriptors across crops. These
descriptors aim to be compatible with future IPGRI crop descriptor lists and with the
descriptors to be used for the FAO World Information and Early Warning System (WIEWS) on
plant genetic resources.
The list should NOT be regarded as a minimum descriptor list, since many additional
passport descriptors are essential for the description of crops and need to be recorded. This
document lists an initial set of common passport descriptors at the multicrop level. At a later
stage the list could be expanded with additional multicrop descriptors. For example,
descriptors dealing with the use of germplasm are currently not included, but their suitability
for inclusion at the multicrop level will be investigated. Future expansion could even result
in the development of more specialized lists of common descriptors at the crop group level.
Printed here is the latest version of the list (1997) which contains two sections. The latter
one (FAO WIEWS DESCRIPTORS) lists a number of optional descriptors used in the FAO
WIEWS. The list provides descriptions of content and coding schemes, but also provides
suggested fieldnames (in parentheses) that can assist in the computerized exchange of this type
of data.
Please forward your feedback on the use of this list to:
Dr Thomas Metz
Scientist, Plant Genetic Resources Information System Management
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute
Via delle Sette Chiese 142
00145 Rome, Italy
Email: T.Metz@CGIAR.ORG
Fax: (+39) 065750309
Annex I 59
60 Jackfruit
MULTICROP PASSPORT DESCRIPTORS
1. Institute code (INSTCODE)
Code of the institute where the accession is maintained. The codes consist of the 3-letter ISO
3166 country code of the country where the institute is located plus number or an acronym
as specified in the Institute database that will be made available by FAO. Preliminary codes
(i.e. codes not yet incorporated in the FAO Institute database) start with an asterisk followed
by a 3-letter ISO 3166 country code and an acronym.
2. Accession number (ACCENUMB)
This number serves as a unique identifier for accessions and is assigned when an accession
is entered into the collection. Once assigned this number should never be reassigned to
another accession in the collection. Even if an accession is lost, its assigned number should
never be reused. Letters should be used before the number to identify the genebank or
national system (e.g. IDG indicates an accession that comes from the genebank at Bari, Italy;
CGN indicates an accession from the genebank at Wageningen, The Netherlands; PI indicates
an accession within the USA system).
3. Collecting number (COLLNUMB)
Original number assigned by the collector(s) of the sample, normally composed of the name
or initials of the collector(s) followed by a number. This item is essential for identify-ing
duplicates held in different collections. It should be unique and always accompany
subsamples wherever they are sent.
4. Genus (GENUS)
Genus name for taxon. Initial uppercase letter required.
5. Species (SPECIES)
Specific epithet portion of the scientific name in lowercase letters plus authority1. Following
abbreviation is allowed: “sp.”
6. Subtaxa (SUBTAXA)
Subtaxa can be used to store any additional taxonomic identifier plus authority1. Following
abbreviations are allowed: “ssp.” (for subspecies); “var.” (for variety); “convar.” (for
convariety); “f.” (for form).
7. Accession name (ACCNAME)
Either a registered or other formal designation given to the accession. First letter uppercase.
Multiple names separated with semicolon.
8. Country of origin (ORIGCTY)
Name of the country in which the sample was originally collected or derived. Use the ISO
3166 extended codes, (i.e. current and old 3 letter ISO 3166 country codes)
9. Location of collecting site (COLLSITE)
Location information below the country level that describes where the accession was
collected starting with the most detailed information. Might include the distance in
kilometers and direction from the nearest town, village or map grid reference point, (e.g.
CURITIBA 7S, PARANA means 7 km south of Curitiba in the state of Parana)
10. Latitude of collecting site (LATITUDE)
Degrees and minutes followed by N (North) or S (South) (e.g. 1030S). Missing data (minutes)
should be indicated with hyphen (e.g. 10–S).
1 Authority is only provided at the most detailed taxonomic level
Annex I 61
11. Longitude of collecting site (LONGITUDE)
Degrees and minutes followed by E (East) or W (West) (e.g. 07625W). Missing data (minutes)
should be indicated with hyphen (e.g. 076–W).
12. Elevation of collecting site [m asl] (ELEVATION)
Elevation of collecting site expressed in meters above sea level. Negative values allowed.
13. Collecting date of original sample [YYYYMMDD] (COLLDATE)
Collecting date of the original sample where YYYY is the year, MM is the month and DD is
the day.
14. Status of sample (SAMPSTAT)
1 Wild 0 Unknown
2 Weedy
3 Traditional cultivar/Landrace 99 Other (Elaborate in REMARKS field)
4 Breeder’s line
5 Advanced cultivar
15. Collecting source (COLLSRC)
The coding scheme proposed can be used at 2 different levels of detail: Either by using the
global codes such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or by using the more detailed coding such as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 etc.
1 Wild habitat 2 Farm 3 Market 4 Institute/Research
1.1 Forest/ 2.1 Field 3.1 Town organization
woodland 2.2 Orchard 3.2 Village
1.2 Shrubland 2.3 Garden 3.3 Urban 0 Unknown
1.3 Grassland 2.4 Fallow 3.4 Other exchange
1.4 Desert/ 2.5 Pasture system 99 Other (Elaborate in
tundra 2.6 Store REMARKS field)
16. Donor institute code (DONORCODE)
Code for the donor institute. The codes consist of the 3-letter ISO 3166 country code of the
country where the institute is located plus number or an acronym as specified in the Institute
database that will be made available by FAO. Preliminary codes (i.e. codes not yet
incorporated in the FAO Institute database) start with an asterisk followed by a 3-letter ISO
3166 country code and an acronym.
17. Donor number (DONORNUMB)
Number assigned to an accession by the donor. Letters should be used before the number
to identify the genebank or national system (e.g. IDG indicates an accession that comes from
the genebank at Bari, Italy; CGN indicates an accession from the genebank at Wageningen,
The Netherlands; PI indicates an accession within the USA system)
18. Other number(s) associated with the accession (OTHERNUMB)
Any other identification number known to exist in other collections for this accession. Letters
should be used before the number to identify the genebank or national system (e.g. IDG
indicates an accession that comes from the genebank at Bari, Italy; CGN indicates an
accession from the genebank at Wageningen, The Netherlands; PI indicates an accession
within the USA system). Multiple numbers can be added and should be separated with a
semicolon
19. Remarks (REMARKS)
The remarks field is used to add notes or to elaborate on descriptors with value “99” (=Other).
Prefix remarks with the field name they refer to and a colon (e.g. COLLSRC: roadside).
Separate remarks referring to different fields are separated by semicolons.
62 Jackfruit
FAO WIEWS DESCRIPTORS
1. Location of safety duplicates (DUPLSITE)
Code of the institute where a safety duplicate of the accession is maintained. The codes
consist of 3-letter ISO 3166 country code of the country where the institute is located plus
number or an acronym as specified in the Institute database that will be made available by
FAO. Preliminary codes (i.e. codes not yet incorporated in the FAO Institute database) start
with an asterisk followed by a 3-letter ISO 3166 country code and an acronym. Multiple
numbers can be added and should be separated with a semicolon.
2. Availability of passport data (PASSAVAIL)
(i.e. in addition to what has been provided)
0 Not available
1 Available
3. Availability of characterization data (CHARAVAIL)
0 Not available
1 Available
4. Availability of evaluation data (EVALAVAIL)
0 Not available
1 Available
5. Acquisition type of the accession (ACQTYPE)
1 Collected/bred originally by the institute
2 Collected/bred originally by joint mission/institution
3 Received as a secondary repository
6. Type of storage (STORTYPE)
Maintenance type of germplasm. If germplasm is maintained under different types of
storage, multiple choices are allowed, separated by a semicolon (e.g. 2;3). (Refer to
FAO/IPGRI Genebank Standards 1994 for details on storage type)
1 Short-term 99 Other (elaborate in REMARKS field)
2 Medium-term
3 Long-term
4 In vitro collection
5 Field genebank collection
6 Cryopreserved
Jackfruit 63
COLLECTING FORM for jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
COLLECTING NAME(S)/INSTITUTE(S) (2.1):
COLLECTING No. (2.3): PHOTOGRAPH No. (2.22):
COLLECTING DATE [YYYYMMDD] (2.4):
GENUS (1.7.1): SPECIES (1.7.2):
COLLECTING SITE LOCATION
COUNTRY (2.5):
PROVINCE/STATE (2.6): DEPARTMENT/COUNTY (2.7):
LOCATION (2.8): km: direction: from:
LATITUDE (2.9): LONGITUDE (2.10): ELEVATION (2.11): m asl
COLLECTING SITE ENVIRONMENT
COLLECTING SOURCE (2.12):
0. Unknown 1. Wild habitat 2. Farm 3. Market
4. Institute/Research organization 99. Other (specify):
HIGHER LEVEL LANDFORM (6.1.2):
1.Plain 2. Basin 3. Valley 4. Plateau 5. Upland 6. Hill 7. Mountain
SLOPE [°] (6.1.4): SLOPE ASPECT (6.1.6): (code N,S,E,W)
SOIL FERTILITY (6.1.25): (code: 3Low; 5Moderate; 7High)
SOIL TEXTURE CLASSES (6.1.21): State class (e.g. Clay, Loam, Silt)
SOIL TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION (6.1.23): State class (e.g. Alfisols, Spodosols, Vertisols)
WATER AVAILABILITY (6.1.24):
1. Rain-fed 2. Irrigated 3. Flooded 4. River banks
5. Sea coast 99. Other (specify):
TEMPERATURE (6.1.26.1): Annual mean: mm
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Monthly mean [°C]:
RAINFALL (6.1.26.2): Annual mean: mm
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Monthly mean [°C]:
SAMPLE
STATUS OF SAMPLE (2.1.6):
0. Unknown 1. Wild 2. Weedy 3. Traditional cultivar/Landrace
4. Breeder’s line 5. Advanced cultivar 99. Other (specify):
TYPE OF SAMPLE (2.15):
1. Vegetative 2. Seed/seedling 3. Pollen 4. Tissue culture 99. Other (specify)
NUMBER OF PLANTS SAMPLED (2.14):
64 Jackfruit
PREVAILING STRESSES (2.17.14):
Mention the types of major stresses, i.e. abiotic (drought), biotic (pests, diseases, etc.)
ETHNOBOTANICAL DATA
LOCAL/VERNACULAR NAME (2.17.2):
ETHNIC GROUP (2.17.1):
PARTS OF PLANT USED (2.17.6)
1. Seed 2. Root 3. Trunk 4. Leaf
5. Flower/inflorescence 6. Fruit 99. Other (specify):
PLANT USES (2.17.7)
1. Food 2. Forage 3. Fuel 4. Medicine 5. Wood/timber
6. Dye 99. Other (specify):
ASSOCIATED FLORA (2.17.16):
MANAGEMENT
ACCESSION NO. (3.1)
TYPE OF MAINTENANCE (3.8):
1. Seed 2. Vegetative in field 3. Vegetative in tissue culture
4. Pollen 5. Cryopreservation 99. Other (specify):
CHARACTERIZATION
Growth
Tree growth habit (7.1.9): 1. Erect 2. Semi-erect 3. Spreading 99. Other (specify):
Branching density (7.1.10): 3. Sparse 5. Medium 7. Dense
Branching pattern (7.1.11): 1. Erect 2. Opposite 3. Verticillate 4. Horizontal
5.Irregular
Leaf
Leaf blade shape (7.2.3) Leaf colour (7.2.7)
Leaf apex shape (7.2.4) Leaf upper surface pubescence (7.2.8)
Leaf base shape (7.2.5) Leaf lower surface pubescence (7.2.9)
Inflorescence
Flowering precocity (7.3.1) Female inflorescence position (7.3.10)
Inflorescence colour (7.3.7) Male inflorescence position (7.3.11)
Female inflorescence density (7.3.9)
Fruit
Fruit bearing habit (7.4.5.1) Flake/fruit ratio (7.4.28)
Fruit bearing position (7.4.5.2) Flake shape (7.4.32)
Fruit shape (7.4.7) Flake texture (7.4.34)
Shape of spine (7.4.18) Pulp (flake flesh) colour (7.4.40)
Spine density (7.4.19)
Seed
Seed shape (7.5.5) Adherence of seed coat to kernel (7.5.10)
Seed surface pattern (7.5.8) Flake/seed ratio (7.5.11)
Seed coat colour (7.5.9)
Collector’s Notes:
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ISBN 92-9043-450-3Centre
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