Executive Summazy, 2005 Research for Development Challenge III Enhancing Rurallnnovation The Rural Innovatlon Institute CIAT Contents Project SN-1: Rural Agro-enterprise Development (RAeD) Project SN-3: Participatory Research Approaches to Reduce Poverty and Natural Resource Degradation through the Creatlon of Market Links and Social Control of Communlty Projects Project SN-4: Information and Communicatlons (lnforCom) PRGA Program-Program on Partlcipatory Research and Gender Analysis for Technology Development and Instltutlonal Innovation A CGIAR Systemwide Program iii V 1 39 73 111 Research for Development Challenge m Enhanci.ng Rural Innovation The Rural Innovation Institute CIAT V Research for Development Challenge 111 Enhancing Rural Innovation The Rural Innovation lnstitute CIAT Introduction The purpose of this summary ts to provide a starting potnt for a forward-looking discusston of CIATs Enhancing Rural Innovation Research and Development Challenge (RDC). For thls purpose. tt is useful to place the achievements highlighted in the 2005 annual reports in the context of the research questions and strategy that gulde the overall work of this Development Challenge, based in the Rural Innovation Tnstitute (RTI). This includes the participatory research methods project (IPRA). the rural agro-enterprise project (RAeD). the tnformation and communications for development project (INFORCOM) fonned in 2002 and the CGIAR System wide Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA). The RDC lag frame in the CIAT mid-term plan includes a fifth area ofwork. termed "participatory technology development" that refers toa large body ofwork carried out in CIATs germplasm and land use projects and by the Tropical Soil Biology Institute (TSBF) applying participatory or agro-enterprise development methodologies. Although projects are the principal organizational unit for carrying out this work. there has been a steady process of cross-fertilization of ideas and shared proposal development since 2002. As a result there are several cross-cutting research themes and impact strategtes that link related work across projects, but these Unkages are not always apparent from reporting done on a project basis. These themes provtde an important starttng point for a forward-looking discussion. One aspect of the common ground among the projects is the theory of change that underpins their impact pathways, or in other words. the expected outcomes and impacts of the projects' research results that are embedded in the project log frames. A second common aspect Ues In the research themes that project scientists address, albeit In different countries, with different institutions and in diverse rural development contexts. A third common feature ls the strategy used for producing international public goods. Each of these will be discussed In turn. vii CIAT Research for Development Challenge m. Enhancing Rural Innovation (2006-2008) Outputs Intended User Outcome lmpact OUTPUT 1 lnfonna Uon and A sulte of methodologies NARS: publlc and prtvate sector At least 40 organizattons are lnvolved In More dynarrúc leaming and KS Communicauons for Rural developed for fostertng leaming R&D organizatlons Leaming Alliances and are regularly speed the processes of social CommuniUes and knowledge·shartng (KS) In 1nteracttng wtth one another, through and technologicalinnovatton 1n agrtculturalinnovatton systems. face-to-face meettngs and Virtual rural communities. leading to platfonns. the ldenttficatlon of new market options for fanners and more effectlve strategies for strengthening thelr llnks to markets through sustainable enterprtses that enable them and other rural people to 1rnprove thelr l!vellhoods. OUTPUT 2 Rural Agroenterprtses Methodologies tested and . NARS: public and prtvate At least one regional network support1ng The number of farmer Development disseminated for sustainably sector R&D organizatlons rural business seiVice provtders and organizations llnklng poor Iinking poor rural economies wtth . Rural business seiVice natlonalinnovatlon systems In at least producers to dynamic markets profitable and dynam1c markets. provtders three countrtes 1n Lattn Amertca. has 1ncreased where the . Pr1vate sector agents, retailers Eastem Afrtca or Asia use the terntorial terntorial approach is used . 1 and processors approach and related methodologies for leading to more dlverslfied . Producerorgan1zatlons agro-enterprtse development. livellhood options for farmers lncluding profitable, higher value and value- added 1 products. OUTPUT 3 Research for Partlctpatory New plant technologtes co- NARS. Other natlonal and PPB/PVS methodologtes wtdely used 1n Poor farmers have a wtder Technology Development developed and commercl.al1zed 1n 1nternatlonal R&D Provtders. at least 10 countrtes. Farmers and R&D dlverslty of better adapted national agrtculturalinnovatlon prtvate sector, and fanner provtders 1nnovate 1n the1r productlon genetlc matertals avaUable and 1 systems us1ng particlpatory organ1zat1ons 1n Latin Amertca systems and value chains through the more healthy agro-ecosystem research approaches. and Caribean, sub-saharan use of PPB/PVS crops or forages and management strategles. Afrtca and south east Asia agro-ecosystem health management d1rectly and g!obally. strategies 1n at least 3 counbies 1n Afrtca. Asia and Lattn Amertca. OUTPUT4 Partlclpatory Research A su! te of CommunJty-Led Organ1zat1ons and actors 1nvolved Through the application of these Better 1ntegrauon of local Approaches Partlclpatory Research 1n ruralinnovatlon systems. e .g., partlclpatory methodologies, at least 25 communitles wtth research and methodologies for organizatlonal IARCs. NARS. NGOs. prtvate examples documented of !aster . development organizations and technological lnnovatlon 1n sector. susta1ned organ1zatlonal or leading to 1rnproved and more agrtculture tested and wtdely technologicalinnovatlon wtth more sustainable rural llvellhoods. dissemlnated. dtverse opttons, blending local. indigenous and scienttfic knowledge through better artlculation of demand from the poor for research wtth R&D - - - provtders. - -- viií Outputs lntended User Outcome Impact OUTPUT 5 Particlpatory Research and Mainstream gender analysls and IARCs. NARS and thelr partners. Capadty for mainstreaming gender Slgnlficant lmprovements in ~nder Analysls equltable partidpatory research sensltlve partlclpatory research the food secur1ty income to promote learntng and change approaches has lncreased in a t Ieast generatlon and empowerment through partnershlp wtth CG 4 NARIS and/or lARCs as a result of of rural women who are Centers and NARS so that they trainlng. beneficiaries of CGIAR research can better target the demands of as a result of rnainstreanung beneflclary groups, partlcularly use of gender sensitive poor rural women. particlpatory research - -- -- -- - - - - - - -- ---- - - approaches. ix Impact Pathways and the Theory of Change The tmpact pathway. and the theory of change that proVide the underlying framework for research priority setting and problem identification is summarized in Figure A. This discussion will start from the final impact identified at the bottom of Figure A and work back up the impact path, in arder to explain the theory of change that justifies the initial research products (these appear at the top of Figure A). Research Questions l. What aspects of fanner organization and their relationships with R&D or business service providers can benefit from methodological improvements that strengthen local innovation systems? 2. Do interventions using these methodologies work? (Do the hypothesized cause and effect relationships hold?) Are the properties and performance of local innovation systems improved as a result of using the methodologies? 3. To what extent, why and how does use of the methodologies and their outcomes make innovation systems work better for the poor? Figure A. Impact pathway. Intemational Public Goods Approaches, methodologies and tools Outcomes from use Methods result in institutional and technological innovation: R&D processes more client-oriented and technologies more relevant to the poor. Rural social capital enhanced. Information flows, oetworks, business development services and market chains more inclusive of the poor, women and ethnic minorities. Farmers more organized and "market ready." Amount, quality and diversity of experimentatíon, knowledge generation and sharing by the poor increased. Impacts Improved food security, nutrition, resource management, income and employment of the poor, especially women and minorities The final impact issue for research is the question of whether the outcomes of interventions ustng RII research products do make innovation systems work better for the rural poor. (Question 3 in Figure A). The units of analysis for research addressing this question are typically individuals or farmer groups within an organizational or territorial unit that may be quite large, such as a municipality. a watershed, a project or national program. a network of organizations or a cluster of market chains. The entry points consist of for example, farmers' groups. small agro-enterprises. farming communities or farmer associations, their market chains or social networks. their business development partners and R&D service providers, whether local government or non-govemmental. Together. these actors, their strategies and their technologtes represent innovation subsystems or local X innovation ecologies that interact with parts of much larger lnnovation systems such as national R&D systems, national science and technology policy-making bodles as well as natlonal and multinatlonal prívate sector businesses. Local innovatlon ecologtes can be analyzed both In terms of how they interact with a larger 1nnovation system, and in terms of their interna! propertles and performance. The lnstltute's research products are mainly the result of applied research addressing issues of how to strengthen interna! properties and performance (Questlon 2 in Figure A). Specifically, this refers to whether the use of RII methodologies and approaches affect the propertles and performance of local innovatlon ecologies, defined as improvtng farmers' collectlve actlon. cooperatlve decision-making, gender empowerment. shared expertmentatlon and leaming in informal groups, formal associatlons. social networks and market chains. However, as the next sectlon will explain in more detan. movtng intematlonal public goods along the impact pathway from research results to development impact necessartly involves RII in "thinking beyond the farm" and engagement with innovation systems ata non-local scale. In general. RII research products are approaches or suites of methodologtes that build on a variety of participatory research or particlpatory learntng principies. These products must be understood as ways of introducing new institutions, in the sense that they provide novel sets of "rules" and norms as well as "roles" or strategtes for pattemed interactlon among actors (North, 1995; Leach et al. 1999). For example, participatory monitortng and evaluation methodology provides a bundle of rules and norms about how farmers and service providers can interact to improve their performance. In a different example. mark€t opportunity identification methodology introduces new rules and norms enabling farmers to produce what they can market, instead of trying to market what they produce. A third example is partlcipatory plant breeding that involves farmers in novel ways in the plant breeding process and so alters the norms and procedures of plant breeding in several respects. such as how breeding objectives are set and plant ideotypes are designed. The theory of change that drives the research strategy says that interventions using partlcipatory approaches, methods and tools will result in instltutlonal or technologtcal change. Participatory plant breeding is a good example because it changes the way research is done and the kinds of plant vartetal technologies developed as a result. Methodology for irnproving market chain governance by giving more decision-rnaking power to wornen producers is prtncipally an institutional innovation but can also lead to technology innovatlons such as post-harvest processing technologtes that are favored by women. One of the basic research questlons for RII is therefore: do the methodologies and tools work? I.e. do they result in institutlonal or technological change? (Questlon 2 in Figure A). Approximately sixty percent of the research efTort is invested in addressing Questlons 1 and 2 in Figure A: what are the opportunitles and needs for applied research to develop methodologtes and approaches to improve science and technology instltutions, markets and rural institutlons so that they work better for the poor? Is the application of participatory principies the best way to design these methodologtes? And in practlce, do they work? Research Themes One of the key characteristics of small, poor producers is their lack of organization. This limits their access to information, their ability to articulate a coherent demand for innovation from R&D and other service providers; their negotiatlng power in markets and in forming xi partnerships. Cross-cutting research themes in the projects are concemed with understanding how institutional innovations (such as those embedded in methodologies for farmer research groups. agro-enterprise development. leaming networks and alliances) affect: l. Levels of farmer organization, in particular types, dimensions and levels of social capital requlred for improving: experimentation and participatlon of poor farmers in research to ensure more gender-equitable, pro-poor agricultural technologies that tmprove food security, make the poor more competltive (especially in higher value crops such as fruits and vegetables) and increase their income generation chain govemance and power asymmetrtes among market chain Actors, leading to successful, sustained market engagement with value chain opportunitles by poor producers (especially women and mlnority groups) networks for leamtng and sharing knowledge that enhance productivity and competltlvity and reduce gender and ethnic disparities 2. Levels and types of market engagement What is the relatlve effectiveness of a market-led versus a supply-led innovation process. and of the different types of market linkages and chain govemance these entail, in empowering small producers, improving their productivity and competitivity, and reducing gender and ethnic disparities? What are the mínimum asset, capacity and skill levels, including decision- making, and negotiation skills, required for successful organization and sustained market engagement by poor producers(especially for women and minority groups)? 3. Properties and Performance of Local Innovatlon Ecologies How can tnformation flows, knowledge generation and sharing be optimized among farmer organizations, their service providers and other actors to tmprove the planning, decision making, evaluation and negotiation power of the poor? What properties of local innovation ecologtes provide an enabling environment for successful and sustained farmer organization, market access, chain transparency, network diverstty and shared leaming that favor the poor? What tnstitutional lnnovations and policies influence "enablingM properties of innovation ecologies? Intemational Public Goods Public goods research is defined as research that provtdes benefits for individuals and society that cannot be made exclusive or proprietary. The research carried out through the RDC projects produces generic methodologies, approaches and tools that are developed and tested stmultaneously in different countries with contrasting institutions and agro-ecologies. As a result, these research products have broad applicab!lity internationally and are used by a variety of users, ranglng from University researchers to networks of NGOs to farmer associations In numerous countrtes. The resultant technological and institutional innovations may, or may not be site-speclfic: there are for example, varietles produced by participatory plant breeding that have broad applicability; and agro-enterprise or farmer research committees that appear under numerous different guises in various countries but that all practlce the same basic principies encapsulated in those methodologies. Site xii spectflcity of results depends largely on the degree of co-development and local adaptation carried out by partners testing and validating the genectc approach or methodology. For example, impact studtes show that propensity to innovate with new varteties, species and cultural practtces among members of farmer research commlttees ts much higher that of non-members and that rates of technology adoption are stgnificantly faster and higher in communities with fanner research committees compared to communlties that do not have these comnúttees. Similar results are conststently observed by partners using a verston of the same methodology in dtfferent countrtes. Use of the territorial agro-enterprise developrnent approach has led to an average annual income tncrease for smallholders of up to 20% across a range of products in the agro-enterprise project's research si tes. The cornrnon strategy used by the "heartland projectsn in the RDC for productng intemational public goods in the forrn of approaches and methodologies for enhanctng tnstitutional and technological innovation is best descctbed in terms of a product cycle. The type of research carried out to develop a methodology evolves as it moves through the product cycle illustrated in Figure B. Methodologies being developed are at different stages in the product cycle. As Figure C illustrates. sorne are at the prototype stage while others are being instituttonalized. Assess Design Write demand ~ prototype ~ manuals , ~ and ' approach & training - feasibility _J field test with ___ , guides etc. r , partners , Train for expanded testing, ~ Evaluate outcomes of 1 ,......_, outscale & , use, systematize =; co-develop adaptations with experiential learning, partners share good practices Conduct ~ Scientific ~ Institutionalize, impact ' publication -, influence policy to ,;__J ---J studies , ofthe , promete use and methodology mainstreaming. Figure B. Diagram of product cycle. xiil 1994 CIAL prototype 1997 CIAL expanded testing 1998 AE territorial approach prototype 1998 AE expanded testing 2000 PM&E prototype ... 2000 CIAL co-development 2003- 2005 CIAL impact studies 2005 PM&E expanded testing Figure C. Product cycle stages of three RII methodologies. The cycle begins with a diagnostic assessment of demand and feasibility that essentially involves addressing the first question in the impact pathway. Often demand arises from experience with partners in the field who identify an institutional bottleneck, such as the need for improving business development services for small agro-enterprises. This leads to design of a prototype that may consist of a single methodology such as Community-Driven Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (CD-PM&E), ora suite of methodologies and applications, such as the Territorial Approach to Agro-enterprise Development. At the next stage of the product cycle, action research is undertaken with a few partners to co-develop the prototype into a finished product. These partnerships test and evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of applying the prototype methodology within their ongoing development processes or projects. This research addresses Question 2 in the impact pathway. For example, farmer groups and their service providers took part in testing, evaluating and refining methods for development of profitable enterprise options and business models. Research was designed to discover if in practice the prototype methodology in question did foster mutually beneficia! relationships between small holders and large commercial buyers. XlV The result of thts work is the preparation of manuals. training guides and software that systematize what has been leamed from prototype testing loto a teachable set of procedures. Often partners wrtte thetr own manuals at this stage and there is a process of cross- fertilization between the product of their site-speclfic experience and the generic or more broadly appltcable product sought by the intematlonal center. An example is the several manuals on Community-Driven Partlcipatory Monitoring and Evaluatlon produced interactively by teams in Colombia. Bolivia and Uganda. At this point in the product cycle, the challenge is to establish whether the methodology that has been tested in a few sites is robust enough to be taught and used by large numbers of potential users in many diverse institutlonal settings and development contexts. Research will have established flrst stage cause and effect relationships by this point in the product cycle: for example, those groups ofwomen farmers using CD-PM&E are more organized; or that farmers trained in the market opportunity identiflcation methodology reorient their production and increase sales. However. the issue of whether the tmproved level of organizatlon or sales lead to improved food security. nutrition, tncome and employment of the poor. especially women and minorities (i.e. questlon 3 in the impact pathway) has yet to be addressed. Research at this stage is focused therefore, on assessing the robustness. broad applicability, outcomes and (where feasible) impacts of the methodology. Larger scale testlng and validation requtres traintng of trainers, often implemented in cooperation with sorne of the partners who tested the prototype methodology. One-off courses are avoided and there is typically an lnstitutional commitment to test the methodology for an agreed period of time by the trainees' organizations. Trainers follow a general strategy of hav1ng trainees develop an action plan that is to be implemented on their home ground. and there is a process of mentortng and shartng of good practices fostered among researchers. trainers and trainees, that includes evaluatlng the process of applying the methodology and its outcomes. The most elaborate fonn this procedure is the Leamtng Alliance, a process of identif)rtng. shartng and adapting good R&D practtces undertaken jointly with partners. The results of this stage of the product cycle are: • Co-developed reflnements and adaptations of the methodology. For example, the Global Learning Alliance with Catholic Relief Serv1ces (CRSJ is streamlining, repackagtng and bundling together several of our methodologies together with sorne complementary ones from CRS. • Scaling up use. as sorne partners decide to apply a methodology on a larger scale. An example is the decision of the Boliv1an Chaco Foundation, one of the four national R&D serv1ce providers. to implement CD-PM&E in all of their projects in 2005. • Applied comparative research or impact assessment examining how the application of a participatory methodology or toolln different instltutlonal settlngs and development contexts ís correlated with certatn key variables. such as social capital or gender equity, and influences speciflc outcomes, such as marketing outcomes or the types of technology developed. An example ls the PhD study of innovatlon processes in Colombia and Honduras. • Publication and dissemination of research flndlngs and trainíng materials. • Development impact (as outlined in Figure A) together with evidence on the outcomes and impacts of usíng the methodology, based on evaluations that include systematized experiential learning, collections of case studies and empirical research often in the XV form of dissertation research. An example is the impact studies of farmer research committees carried out in Colombia and Honduras. and that will be replicated in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador with new funding. At the end of the product cycle, research information about the costs. beneflts and impacts of a given methodology or approach are used to spur its institutionalization or mainstreaming. This involves "thinking beyond the farm" when organizations testing the methodology decide to incorporate u. making the necessary policy. procedural and cultural changes. An example is the integratton of multiple elements of the agro-enterprise territorial approach into CRS projects in over 30 countries. Another is the use of our impact flndings into the policy debate in the Bolivian nationalinnovation system. SIBTA. about the desirability of requiring CD-PM&E to be included in all their technology innovation project proposals. A third is the gender mainstreaming initiative of the PRGA program with African NARis. Conclusion One of the issues for the future is how to make this cycle more agile, increasing the number and diversity of intemational public good-type of research products while reducing the time it takes to get them tested, published and disseminated. Improving the division of labor and specializatlon among staff in implementing different stages of the product cycle might help to make the process more agile: currently small cliques tend to form around a given methodology and then to nurse and perfect it through every stage of the product cycle. Leaming Alliances where research and methodology development are in demand may be a step towards greater agility and a more efflcient division of labor. Another might be increasing the number or importance of strategic alliances With Universities. business schools. or corporate networks such as the Sustainable Food Lab to enhance the flow of novel ideas for methodology development and the supply of graduate students who are able to do in-depth research. A major challenge is how to maintain a strategic and coherent research effort that is interacttng with development practlce without it being hijacked by the need to meet development partners' and short term projects' demand for fast results, as they have become the dominant sources of fundlng for this type of applied social science in the Center. xvi lnstitute Inputs Fundraising Figure 1: 2005 Rural Innovation Institute Funding (Total: $5,582,062) ~ Core for end of 2005 • Core cut in 2005 ~ Special Project in 2005 Figure 2: 2005 Rural Innovation Institute Funding Special Project Vs. Core El Total Core Assigned beginning 2005 O Total Special Project Funding xvn (/) r:l o = ¡ "d ..,. ::3 Figure 3: 2002 - 2006 Rurallnnovation Institute Totallncome 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 5.58 2002 2003 2004 2005 Table 1: Fundraising Effort Total Proposed and Approved Proposals for 20051 (USD MUUons) Project Approved Pending Total SNl- RAeD $ 1.06 $ 24.95 $ SN3- IPRA $ 4.02 $ 10.40 $ SN4 - InforCom $ 1.44 $ 0.45 $ SW3- PROA $ 1.22 $ $ Total proposals 2005 $ 7.74 $ 35.81 $ Figure 4: Rurallnnovation lnstitute Fund raising Effort. Percent approved and pending in 2005 1:1 Approved • Pending l. These are multi - year proposals with income sprcad over 2 - 3 years. xviii 26.01 14.43 1.89 1.22 43.54 Staff Composition Figure 5.1: Number of Staff by Individual project: RAeD 1 1 18 •PhD oMSc O Research Assistants or Technicians o Administrative Suport O Student Figure 5.2: Number of Staffby Individual project: INFORCOM 1 • MSc o Research Assistants or Technicians o Administrative Suport O Student xix Figure 5.2: Number of Staff by Individual project: INFORCOM 1 • MSc o Research Assístants or Technicians o Administrative Suport O Student Figure 5.3: Number ofStaffby individual project: IPRA 3 OMSc O Research Assistants or Technicians o Administrative Suport O Student XX Figure 5.4: PRGA Staff Composition: Number of Staff El MSc o Research Assistants or Technicians o Administrative Suport • Student xxi Publications RII 2005 Publications Type RAeD IPRA lnforCom Refereed Journal Articles o 15 Books 1 o Book Chapters 1 11 Conference proceedings 1 o Other Publications 16 15 Training manuals 11 9 Power Po in ts 5 o Other forros of intellectual property 5 5 Oral 1 Pos ter presentations a t conferences 8 19 Interna! seminars 2 o Representation of CIAT with Donors o o Figure 6 : 2005 Rural lnnovation Institute Publications 17 PRGA Total 2 17 3 4 6 18 23 24 6 37 o 20 o 5 o 10 o 27 o 2 o o ~ Refereed Journal Articles O Books and Book chapte r s o Other publications xxü Project SN-1: Rural Agro-enterprise Development (RAeD) l Preface Market trends are rapidly changJ.ng the liveUhood prospects for poor smallholder farmers in developing countries. The effects of liberallsatlon and free trade agreements have led to increasing competltlon in both domestlc and export markets. Iteratlve rounds of mergers and acquisitlons in the prtvate sector have also led to considerable market concentratlon. These changes have beneflted wholesalers, retailers and consumers, but for most farmers, partlcularly those in developing countries, income earrúng potentlal and tenns of trade has steadily declined. To compound these negatlve effects, many developing countries, have also undergone structural readjustment programmes which has meant that many Govemments no longer provide farming communitles with direct flnancing and few offer services. Reduced support means that many smallholders are less organised now than they were 20 years ago and many eam less in real tenns. The consequences of these changes are profound. as farm incomes fall, supply and prices are more prone to volatile movements, thin margins lead to lack of tnvestments in natural resources, business services cannot be supported and the result is that poorly managed farming systems are spreadtng into íncreaslngly marginal areas. As recogntsed in many major commoditles, the markets then are subject to increasing volumes of lower quality produce, whtch further weakens the market and suppresses prtces. Given the magnltude of the marketing challenge faced by smallholders, there is both considerable scope anda presslng need to address this challengl.ng situation. This sense of urgency is increasingly reflected in the agenda's of many development agencies which are re~ focussing their efforts on "making markets work for the poor". To support this endeavour, the Rural Agro-enterprtse Development Project (RAeD) project, working closely with other CIAT projects and partners from the public and prtvate sector, is conductlng research to develop and test a range of new partlcipatory tools, business models, services and policy based approaches to assist in promotlng enterprise development and employment in poor rural areas of developing countrtes. Sorne of the key events of the project thts year have included: • supportlng CIATs new initlative in linking fanners to "High Value" markets, • linking farmers into high value supply chains such as fruits and speciality coffee, • expansion of a market tnfonnation service in Honduras and 10 African countrtes. • evaluatlng prospects for smallholder farmer mtcro~tnsurance schemes, • co~implementatlon of a learning alliance conference in the Netherlands, • management of a ACPl wide conference on Market infonnatlon and marketing institutlons with CfA2, • establishment of a globallearning agro-enterprtse learning alliance with intemational NGOs, and l. ACP - African, Cartbbean and Paciflc countrtes. 2. CTA - Technlcal Centre for Agriculture in support of ACP countrtes, part of the EU- Lomé Agreement. 3 • lmplementation of an advanced study tour to evaluate farmer group marketing, new flnance approaches for the poor and farmer led innovatlon systems. These actlvities are helping to renew the research agenda of the RAeD team and laylng the foundation for a global "action basedM research platform with hubs in West Afrtca, Eastem Africa, S. E. Asia, Southem Asta and Latín America. To support these ongoing initiatlves the RAeD team is currently publishing the updated set of leaming tools and introducing new titles into the good practices gutde series. The project ls also involved in renovatlng web-based actlvities to foster our scaling up processes. Advanced copies of the manuals and lin.ks to the new websites are already available on the project website. New initlatlves include (1) insurance for smallholder farmers, (ti) impact analyses of market lnformation servtces in Uganda, (iii) new strategic partnerships being established with Oxfam In Nicaragua and SNV across Central America, (iv) support to the Challenge program projects in Sub-Saharan Africa and (v) new studles on services for the agrtcultural sector. These activities were initiated in late 2005 and we hope to expand and intensi.fy this work with partners in 2006. 4 Project SN-1: Rural Agro-enterprise Development (RAeD) Project Description Goal To improve market access of poor rural communities in developing countlies by promoting improved business support services, better means of organisation and polictes that enhance smallholder competitiveness. Objective To develop strateglc research products in collaboration with research and development agencies. prtvate enterprtse and the State to promote improved market access of poor smallholder fanners with profitable and dynamic markets. Purpose To develop methods, tools and applications that address the entrepreneurtal needs of business development partners that support rural communities, with an emphasts on market linkage based on collective action, diversification and value-addltion. Assumptions • Secular decline in commodity prtces does not overwhelm incremental economic and employment advances due to agro-enterprtse activtties. • Political and tnstitutional support for sustainable rural and agrtcultural development at the reference sites and targeted countrtes ts maintained. • Natural disasters or civil strtfe do not lmpede progress toward the project's goal. • Collaborating institutions have adequate capacity. knowledge. local rnanagement support and resources to use the materials and tools developed. Clients Technical personnel of GOs, NGOs in rural developrnent. policy rnakers from public sector and commerctal partners from the priva te sector. Business partners Fanner groups (men and wornen). entrepreneurs (small, mediurn and large-scale); and BDS provtders. Collaborators Development of methods and technology components Publíc sector: NRI, PRODAR. IDRC. CIP, KIT, SEARCA. UPWARD Prívate sector: Sustainable Food Lab, Busylab, Uganda Grain Traders, Pannalat, !DE Civil society: CRS, CARE. MiiCARE, GTZ, Swisscontact, SNV and PLAN 5 Execution of pilot projects CIPASLA (Colombia). Central American Learnlng Alliance (Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala). Andean Region Learnlng Alliance (Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Colombia), Enabl!ng Rural Innovation projects in Eastern and Southern Afrtca , in Uganda, Tanzanla and Malawi; Global Learning Alliance, DAPA project in Cauca Valley. Learning Alliance networks Central American Learning Alliance: (GTZ, CARE. Swisscontact, CATIE. SNV, UNA): Andean Region Learning Alliance (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia). CRS globallearning alliance: (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzanla, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Eritrea, Madagascar, Burklna Faso, Mali, Niger, Gambia, Senegai. Sierra Leone, Ghana, Liberta Democratic Republic of Congo, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti, Peru , Ecuador, Afghanistan, India, Paklstan, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Timare l'est, Aceh and Myanmar. Hígher degree traíníng CATIE- diploma course, ICRA. 6 CIAT: SN-1 Project Log Frame (2005-2006) Project: Project Manager: Rural Agro-enterprise Development Shaun Ferris Project OUt puta Output 1 Altemattve rural agro-enterprtse methods. strategtes. and Enabllng Rural appllcattons that effectlvely link smallholder fanners and Business rural servtces wtth market opportunttJes wtdely adopted by Development Servtces research and development partners. State organlzattons and prtvate sector. (5 years) Output targets 2006 • Agro-enterprtse methods and strategtes valJdated and adopted on mass by partners, matertals publlshed In prtnt and dlssemtnated vta electrontc formats In Engllsh. SpanJsh. French and at least one other language. Output targets 2007 • Agro-enterprtse methods and strategtes. market based software appllcatJons valJdated and contextual1zed wtth development partners, products pubUshed tn prtnt and dlssemJnated tn electronJc formats ava.llable tn Engllsh. Spanish. French, Vletnamese and Swahill. Output targets 2008 • TraJntng matertals for agro-enterprtse completed. software appllcattons commercJ.alized, web based marketing portals expanded through partners w1th emphasls on prtvate sector business development partners, avatlable tn 10 languages. Output 2 Understandtng tnstltutlonaltnnovattons to facilltate Understandtng market llnkage. collective actlon and ftnanc!al support for lnstitutlonal tmproved market entry and business development among Innovattons for segmented rural agro-enterprtses evaluated and tested lncreased rural wlth partners In selected sltes (10 years) lnvestment and business expanslon -- - --- Inteoded U.er OUt come Research and development More effecttve tdentlflcatton and agencies and servlce explottatlon of market provtders tncludtng NGOs. opportunJtJes by poor rural Gov extenslon workers. local communttles. business support provtders. prtvate sector. fanner organlzattons. • Servtce provtders tncludtng • Servtce provtders and farmer NGOs, Gov extenslon organlzatJons focus on market workers, local business led processes to drtve thelr support provtders. Prtvate tnnovatJon systems. sector entrepreneurs engage wtth tncreastng emphasts on hlgher value products • Development partners and • Market based software and ICT servtce provtders llnked to market tnformatlon selected market chatns . appllcations w1ll open new enhance through Local ICT opportuntties for commerclal provtders. and CBO's tnvestrnent. • Marketing servtces tn East • Prtvate sector tnvest 1n servtces and Westem Afrtca llnked and farmers link servtces and to prtvate sector software financtaltnvestrnents tn hJgher houses. NGO's, farmer levels of tnnovatlon and assoctatlons, Micro- market engagement. flnance, NGO's, farmer assoctatlons Strategtc partners from New business approaches and NGOs. Gov extenston. prtvate ftnanctaltnstruments enable enterprtse, donor agencies tnstituttons to extend enterprtse and fanner organisatlons opportunttles deep tnto rural communlttes targettng both hJgh volume and high value markets, w!th scallng opportuntttes realtzed through ICT expanston and co-tnvestment between publlc and prtvate sector partners 7 lmpact • Increased and more d.Jverslfied tncomes for poor rural communltles. Increased and more dtverstfied tncomes for poor rural communltles Project Out puta lntended User Outcome lmpact Output targets 2006 • Processes of co-development In agro-enterpiise toplcs . Strateglc partners from • Strategtc partners tnvest 1n lnltlated wtth partners In at least 15 countrtes In La.tin NOOs. Gov extenston. learning process and lntegrate Amertca, Afrtca, and Asta and avallable In at least 3 prtvate enterprtse, donor marketing skllls lnto project major languages. agencies and farmer development and organlsattons implementatton Output targets 2007 • ter based knowledge management systems and ftrst • Cllents: Strateglc partners • Strategtc partners tnvest In leve! enterprtse "tool box" learntng alllance completed In from NGOs. Gov extenslon, learning process and lntegrate selected sttes In LA, SE Asta and Afrtca, scaled up to 30 prtvate enterprtse, donor marketing skllls lnto project countrtes. agencies and farmer development and organlsatlons lmplementatlon Output targets 2008 • Expanslon of and Icr related knowledge management • Strategtc partners tnvolved • Strategtc partners tnvest In systems expanded and deepened In 30 countrtes, wtth wtth co-tnnovauon of new new areas for co-lnnovaUon. second order "strategtc" learning alllances establlshed processesandproducts such as llnkage between HIV and Unlverstty courses matnstream agro-enterprtse and enterpiise. Gender and concepts wtth partners In La.ttn Amertca and Afrtca and market chatn equlty, local rural flnance mechanisms ltnked wtth non-financia) poltcy reform and enterprtse business development servtces Output 3 Pollcy optlons to enhance access to markets for small Nattonal and regional pollcy Partners uslng nauonal and cross Increased and more Pro-poor pollcy holder farmers developed and advocated wtth partners at makers tn Asta, Afrlca and continental data to formula te dtverslfted tncomes opttons for the rural local. natlonal and lnternatlonallevels. (5 years) Latin Amertca; donors and better poltcy optlons for for poor rural communltles In LDCs prlvate sector, NGOs. smallholder farmers In LDC communitles and DCs advocacy groups. countrtes to e.nhance access to selected lúgh volume. lúgher value and value added markets. Output targets 2006 • Cuide on pollcy mechanisms to link small-scale farmers • Pollcy makers In Andean • Pollcy makers have new effectlvely to regional. nattonal and lnternattonal agrt- regton optlons to support local chatos. tncludtng super markets and to improve • Donor and priva te sector enterprtse development govemance and equlty In the productlon chatn partners • Change In arrangements approach developed. based on research wtth between target partners. development partners and state organtzatlons. Output targets 2007 • Projects developed to link maJor prtvate sector ftrm and • Advocacy groups. NGO's . • Debate for alternatlve trade smallholder farmers wtth crtterla of equlty, NRM and Pollcy and economtcs pollcy optlons. economtc sustatnablllty, wtth reference to the impact of researchers, Natlonal - • Workable model for I!nking globa11zatlon trends on selected trade opportunJtles for regional trade pollcy smallholders wtth major small-scale producers In selected sttes. groups. Prtvate sector prtvate sector flrms In a ftrms sust.a1nable faslúon. Output targets 2008 • Gulde on pollcy mechanisms to link small-scale fanners • Pollcy groups as above • Broader understandtng of effectlvely to regional, nattonal and lnternattonal agrt- trnpact of current pollcles on chatns. and to improve govemance and equlty In the CGIAR cllents and productlon chatn approach validated and adjusted. beneflclaiies 8 lntroduction Making Mmarkets work for the poor" is a critical challenge being faced by many research and development agencies as a means of underpinning processes and pathways to achieve targets such as the MUlennium Development Goals. Increasing attentlon on the market focus is clearly reflected in the science council's recent shift to place greater emphasis on high value products as a means of providing smallholder farmers wtth new lncome streams. The private sector is also keen to strengthen supply chatns dueto concerns about the viability of margtnallsed. farmers as regular suppliers of quality goods and Governments also need to secure competltive supplies of baste food to feed rapldly expandtng urban centres. The changtng research agenda of the CGIAR clearly needs to address the destres of these dlfferent constituencies in finding tnnovative ways to achieve stable supplies of agricultura! produce that provides food security but also promotes growth. The role of market research ls equally lmportant however, in monitortng the effects of greater commercialisation in terms of equity, governance. risk management and environmental parameters. particularly for the more margtnalised communities who have llttle volee in process of change and have much to loose when markets fall or when shocks severely lmpede their abtlity to access markets. lt is unfortunately the case that the marketing problems faced by smallholders in identifying and accessing markets wtth existing and new products are complex and mountlng. There are few silver bullets and strategies to lmprove market access for the poor, depends upon many factors and circumstances. These include:-location, history, assets, education. skills, organisation, natural resources, access to services, leve! of tnnovatlon, surrounding economic growth conditlons and political stability. Clearly. the marketing prospects for smallholders, toa large extent, depend upon how well the surrounding economy is doing. For example in many parts of S.E. Asia, Southern Asia and Latin America the economies are currently achieving strong growth and in these countries. farmers near market centres are rapidly becomtng more organised and taking advantage of new productive technologies. modero communication services and ftnance options. Strategtes In these regtons are often focussed on findtng ways of linking margtnalised areas and ethnlc groups into the economic success that surrounds them for both high volume and higher value products. In Africa, the poorest contlnent, growth ls elusive, wtth much depending upon local governance issues and political stability. In many African countries however, marketing strategtes are focussed on malntaintng stable product supplies and ralsing competitiveness where possible to offset declining market share in traditional export markets and tmports. Given the complex nature of the marketing context, market lntervention projects requtre sk.1lled and knowledgeable staff to devise practicalinterventions that willlmprove market linkage. Thts is especially the case if development projects are of a short duration and ongoing marketing strategtes are to be implemented by the communities themselves. Invartably, market interventlons need to be tallored to local situations and take best advantage of the avatlable human and natural resources. To support and facilitate rural communitles and thelr service providers in a transitlon towards greater market engagement, RAeD is developing strategies that seek to leverage to maximise benefits for smallholder farmers. To be successful the rnethods, tools and 9 applications that have been developed by RAeD need to be used in a flexible and innovatlve manner. such that marketing rhetortc ts translated tnto simple, practica! and posttive impact in the field. Whilst strong partnershtps and sound market analysis are essential steps in devistng effective market tnterventions. the point of intervention within a market chain depends on local conditions and the parameters of a given market chain 1 sub-sector. When working with rural service providers. RAeD ts emphasising the need to "thlnk outside the farm", thts is because many research and development agencies find it difflcult to evaluate opportuntties for change that do not START at the farm. To support the broader market chain perspective, we are also emphasising the positive role played by traders. with the mantra "all traders are wonderful". Whllst many agencies are still disparagtng about the role of traders, our expertence shows that in many remote, poor rural areas, traders are often the only reliable service provider. Traders can play a crttical role in change marketing prospects of farmers particularly when attempts are made to strengthen business relations based on equity and trust. Expertence shows that in many cases, market linkage can be achieved more quickly by introducing a buyer to farmers within a productng region, rather than working from the farmer up. Similarly, market interventions should always evaluate 1f and how an improved local service could play a catalytic role in opening up the possibility of accessing new markets, improving product quality and or reducing product costs. In addition to these options, it is very often the case that organising farmers is a helpful process, particularly with bulky goods that are being sold into distant markets. However, once again, this is not always the case and therefore market facllitation needs to be assessed from an objective analytical perspective and not based on dogma. RAeD ts keenly aware that assisting poor. often marginalised communities in raising their marketing linkage is not a simple task and that in sorne situations it will take severa! years of incremental change before most national R&D institutions and non Govemmental organtsations, the front Une of R&D activities. will have the necessary skills and capaclty to support market based projects. However, the process of change ts taking place and one of the key roles for the RAeD team ts to provide research outputs on processes and impact, foster new partners in the marketing arena, help to share knowledge and leamtng processes and provide well documented best practices and case studies to support the case for market intervention with poor communities. Demand for CIATs agro-enterprtse research flndings and methods are increasing wlth new requests for joint actlvities from a range of partners wanting to test and adapt the information systems. methods and traintng matertals to local needs. The current developments in the "leaming alliances" have expanded rapidly with partners in at least 30 countrles from Afrtca. the Amertcas and Asia. seeklng more specialised types of partnerships. sorne tools based, sorne more strategic in nature and others focussing on business requirements. Through our alliances. CIATs findings are betng tested more systematically. research challenges are more focussed and the team ts able to work with dedtcated partners that are generattng new findtngs more qutckly and dtssemlnating these results more effectively through ever more efficlent ICT options. 10 ,· Project Inputs RAeD Stq[{List N ame J\(rtca Shaun Ferrts, PhD Elly Kaganzt, BA Patrick Engoru, MSc Flavia AsUmwe, BSc Loyce Kaitlra, BSc To be htred, BSc Asia Willie Bourne, MSc 1lago Wandschneider MSc Cu Thi Le Thuy, BA Nguyen Thi Hiep Hoa Ms. Hoang Thu Thao Tran Manh Chien, MSc Phan Van Quy, BA Dang Ngoc Toan, MSc Do Thanh Chung, BA John Connell, • (50%) Ounkeo Pathammavong Andean Latin America Verónica Gottret. PhD Carlos F Ostertag. MSIM Dora Patricia Arévalo, BA Sandra Rivera. BSc Clara Feijoo, BSc Carlos Chilito Diego Izquierdo, BA Diego Tenorio Juan Francisco Barona, BSc Osear Andrés Sandoval, BSc Femando Rodríguez, BSc Central Latín America Mark Luridy, MA. MSc Marco A Vásquez, MBA Jhon J Hurtado. BSc Angela Arenas. BA Erika Eltana Mosquera. BA Position i\frica Agro-enterprtse Project Manager Regional agro-enterprise support Econornist Economist Economist Econornist Asia · Outgoing SADUJ co-ordinator Senior Marketing Advlsor SADU EconomistSADU Finance & Administratlon Administrative Assistant. Post havest SADU Provincial Coordina tor Community Planning Provincial Coordinator Community development speciallst EducationalistSAJ)U Andean Latin America Socio - economtst Business and market speciallst Social communicator InforCOM•• Industrial englneer Admintstrative Assistant BDS 1 Agro-industrial processing Economist Agro-enterprtse management Marketing and Business Agro-industrial Engtneer Agro-industrial Engtneer Central Latín America Rural agro-enterprtse specialist Enterprtse specialist Food Technologtst Info specialist Social communicator Social communicator Location 4frica Kampala, Uganda Kampala, Uganda Kampala, Uganda Tororo, Uganda Lilongwe, Malawt LUongwe, Malawt Asia Hanoi. Vietnam Hanot, Vietnam Hanot. Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Hue, Vietnam Daklak, Vietnam Daklak, Vietnam Vientlane, Lao POR Vientlane, Lao POR Andean Latin America Cali. Colombia Calt. Colombia Cali, Colombia Call, Colombia Call, Colombia Call, Colombia Call, Colombia Cali, Colombia Call. Colombia Cali, Colombia Call, Colombia Central Latín America Calt. Colombia Tegucigalpa, Honduras Cali. Colombia Cali, Colombia Call. Colombia 3. SADU Small-scale Agro-enterprise Developrnent in the Uplands of Lao POR and Vietnam project. 11 N ame Position Locatlon Students Level Students James Barnham PhD Arusha, Tanzania Retnhild Bode PhD Cali, Colombia Elly Kaganzi, BA MSc Kampala, Uganda All lOOOAl dedicatlon to project unless otherwtse indicated. List of Partners Prívate Sector ASIA VA Biotrópico Busylab ce CDP CIPAV DELAP CORPEI Ecopetrol EDC EDC EPSA FAIDHAMALI FCC FDQ FEAC FIT (U ganda) Frutlginebra IDE Intelligencia Nandos NDJSC OIMC Parmalat Radio Works SAG se scc Prívate Sector Asociación de Ingenieros Agrónomos del Valle Colombia Biotrópico, Colombia Busylab- ICT incubator company Corpotunía, Colombia Consultant for Development Programme EA Ltd. CIPAV, Colombia DELAP Corporación para la Promoción de Exportaciones, Ecuador Ecopetrol, Colombia Marketing consulting finn, Vietnam Enterprise Development Centre Colombia FAIDHA Market Link (Prívate business service provtder) Fundación Carvajal, Colombia Fundación para el Desarrollo del Quindio (FDQ) Fundación El Alcarabán, Colombia Prívate Specialist Business Development Services provtder Frutlginebra, Colombia Marketing and consultancy firm, Vietnam Coffee export company Nandos Uganda. Fast food African chain restaurants Nam DongJoint Stock Company Organización Internacional de Migraciones, Colombia Parmalat, Colombia FM radio company, Uganda Sociedad de Agricultores y Ganaderos del Valle, Colombia Serraniagua, Colombia Smurfit Cartón de Colombia 12 Prívate Sector Colombia Colombia Ghana Colombia Tanzan1a Colombia Bolivia Ecuador Colombia Vietnam Tanzanta Colombia Tanzanta Colombia Colombia Colombia EastAfrica Colombia Vietnam USA Uganda Vietnam Colombia Colombia Uganda Colombia Colombia Colombia Prívate Sector Prívate Sector Prívate Sector SFL Sustainable Food Lab USA SINCHI SINCHI, Colombia Colombia SMS Media SMS service provider, Uganda Uganda Tonnet Enterprtses Tonnet Enterprtses ( Agro- processing machinery) Uganda UGT Uganda Grain Traders Uganda Vallen paz Vallenpaz, Colombia Colombia Virmax Café VirmaxCafé Colombia Public Sector Public Sector Public Sector ACT Agencia de Cooperación Técnica, Ecuador Ecuador AIR Agro-industrial Rural Comnúttee of CIPASLA Colombia ASPS Agricultura! Sector Program Support Uganda AUV Alcaldía y UMATA de Versalles, Colombia Colombia BTC Belgium Technlcal Cooperation, European Union Euro pe CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Costa Rica Enseñanza, Costa Rica CEUHB Comnúttee on Ethnic and Uplands in Hoa Binh Vietnam CIPASLA Consorcio Interinstitucional para una Agricultura Colombia Sostenible en Laderas, Colombia CIPAV Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Colombia Producción Agropecuaria, Colombia CLAYUCA Consorcio Latinoamértcano y del Caribe de Apoyo a la Colombia Investigación y Desarrollo de la Yuca CLODEST Comité Local para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Honduras Cuenca del río Tascalapa, Honduras CNEARC Centre national d'études agronomiques des regions France chaudes, France CON COPE Consorcio de Consejos Provinciales del Ecuador Ecuador CONDESAN Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Peru Ecorregión Andina, Peru CORFOCIAL Corporación para el Fomento de los Comités de Colombia Investigación Agropecuaria Local, Colombia CORPAMAG CORPAMAG, Colombia CORPOICA Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Colombia CORPOTUNIA Corporación para el desarrollo de Tunia. Colombia Colombia CreA Centro Regional Andina of IICA CREPIC Centro Regional de Productividad e Innovación del Colombia Departamento del Cauca CTA Centre for Technical Assistance in the ACP Netherlands CTB Corporación Técnica Belga, Peru Peru CTB Corporación Técnica Belga Belgium DALDO Dtstrtct Agricultura! Development and Livestock Office Tanzanta DARD, Vietnam Hue Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Vietnam Development (DARD). Hoa Btnh DARD, Dak Lak DARD DARD, Vietnam Hue Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Vietnam Development (DARD). Hoa Binh DARD. Dak Lak DARD. DARD Nghe An 13 Public Sector Public Sector Public Sector DARS Department of Agr:lculture and Research Systems Malawi DPC. Vietnam Distrtct People's Committees (DPC) of Da Bac. Tan Vietnam Lac. M'drac, Krongbong. Nam Dong and A'luoi EARO Ethlopian Agr:lcultural Research Organtsation Ethiopia EARI1i Escuela Agrícola de la Región Troplco Humedo, Costa Costa Rica Rica ETSP Extension and Training Support Program. Vietnam Vietnam FOODNET Marketing and Agro-enterprise Network for Eastem EastAfrica and Central Afrlca FRG Fondo Regional de Garantías, Colombia Colombia ICA ICA Magdalena. Colombia Colombia IICA Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la AreaAndina Agricultura Incoder Incoder Guaviare. Colombia Colombia IPMS Integrated Promotion of Market Oriented Agriculture in Ethiopia Ethiopia IPRA Investigación Participativa en Agricultura of CIAT Colombia IRD Integrated Rural Development Program, Colombia Colombia ITDG Intermediate Technology Development Group. Kenya, UK UK LADO Lilongwe Agr:lcultural Development Division Malawi (Govemment Division Malawi) LRC Livestock Research Center (Lao POR) LaoPDR MADR Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Colombia Colombia MAE . Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres. France France MARD. Vietnam Ministry of Agr:lculture and Rural Development Vietnam NAFRI National Agrlculture and Forestry Research Institutlon Lao POR NARO National Agricultural Research Organtsatlon. Uganda Uganda PAFO Agrlculture and Forestry Organtzatlon, Lao POR; Lao POR Xieng Khouang and Luang Prabang provinces PDPM Programa de Desarrollo y Paz del Magdalena Medio Colombia PHTI Post-Harvest Technology Institute. Vietnam Vietnam PPC. Vietnam Provincial People's Committees (PPC) ofThua Thien Vietnam Hue. Hoa Binh. Daklak and Nghe An PRGA Participatory Research and Gender Analysis Programs Latin America PRO DAR Programa Cooperativa de Desarrollo Agro-industrial Latín America Rural Caribbean PROINPA Fundación de Promoción e Investigación en Productos Bolivia Andinos de Bolivia SAM Secretaría de Agricultura Magdalena. Colombia Colombia SAP Secretaría de Agricultura y Pesca del Valle (SAP). Colombia Colombia SENA Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje. Colombia Colombia UMATAs Unidades Municipales de Asistencia Técnica Colombia Agropecuaria. Colombia UNC Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia 14 International NGOs International NGOs Afrtcare Agropyme Project CARE CARE CRS G1Z IC PLAN SNV OxfamGB CI R&D Institution AHI ASARE CA AUP DFID FAO FCC GFAR G1Z HAFU HAU IC ICFR IDRC 1 CIID IESE IFAD JFPRI JICA IMCA INRA Afrtcare Food Security Inltiative project Kabale Swtsscontact Honduras CARE Nicaragua, El Salvador. Guatemala, Peru CARE -1 Life Malawi Cathollc Relief Services Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technlsche Zusammenarbeit Intercooperación, Area Andina Plan International Dutch Service for Development Cooperation Oxfam Great Biitain. Counterpart International R&D Institution African Hlghlands Inltiative Assoclation for the Strengthening of Agrlcultural Research in Eastern and Central Afrtca Alcaldía y Umata de Pradera, Colombia Department for International Development, UK Food and Agrlculture Organtzatlon of the Unlted Natlons, Italy Carvajal Foundatlon, Colombia Global Forum on Agricultura! Research Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit Hue Agriculture and Forestry University Hanol Agrlculture Unlverslty Inter-cooperatlon. Andean Regton Institute for Crop and Food Research, New Zealand Intemational Development Research Center, Canada Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Económicos Universidad de San Simón Intematlonal Fund for Agricultura! Development. Italy Internatlonal Food Policy Research Institute. USA Instituto Interamericano para la Cooperación Agrícola, Andean Regton Instituto Mayor Campesino, Buga, Colombia Instltut National de Recherche Agronomique. France 15 Intemational NGOs Uganda Honduras Central Ameiica and Peru Malawi In 30 countrtes Ecuador and Peru Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru Malawi, Zambia Peru. Ecuador. Bolivia. Honduras and Nicaragua Central Amertca, Caribbean Guatemala R&D Institution Uganda Eastem Afrtca Colombia UK Italy Colombia ltaly Germany Vietnam Vietnam Latin Amertca New Zealand Cana da Bolivia ltaly USA Andean Regton Colombia France R&D Institution R&D Institution R&D Institution ISNAR lntemational Service for National Agricultura! Costa Rica Research, Costa Rica JIRCAS Japanese Intematlonal Research Centre for Japan Agricultura! Sciences NR1 Natural Resources Instltute (UK see 1PO UK NZAJD New Zealand Overseas Development Agency New Zealand RIFA V Research Instltutlon on Fruit and Vegetable in Vietnam Hanoi SwtssContact Swtss Foundatlon for Technical Development, Peru Perú TNU Tay Nguyen University in Daklak Vietnam UNA Universidad Nacional de Agricultura. Honduras Honduras UNIVALLE Universidad del Valle, Colombia Colombia UPWARD Users' Perspectlves with Agricultura! Research Philippines and Development, Manila, Philippines TIP Traditlonal Irrigatlon Environment Development Tanzanta Program NAADS National Agricultura! Advisory Services Uganda KARI Kenya Agricultura! Research Instltute Uganda A2000 Network Africa 2000 Network Uganda RSSP Rural Sector Support Program Rwanda Rwanda MISTOWA Market Infonnatlon Systems Program ofWest WestAfrica Africa Techno Serve Techno Serve East Africa East Africa RUDECT Rural Development and Environmental Tanzania Conservatlon Trust SHILDA Southem Highlands Livestock Development Tanzania Associatlon V eCo Vrandsalden Coopibo East Afrtca Farmer Fanner Organizations Fanner Organizations Organizations ACF Asociación Campesina Frutlcampo Colombia Acuaoccidente Acuaoccidente, Colombia Colombia ADA GRO ADA GRO Colombia AFA Asociación Femenina Agropecuaria, Colombia Colombia AMER Asociación de Mujeres La Esperanza Rural, Colombia Colombia APM Asociación de Productores de La Montafia, Colombia Colombia AS ERA GRO ASERAGRO Colombia ASOAGRIGAM ASOAGRIGAM. Colombia Colombia ASOFAMORA ASOFAMORA. Colombia Colombia ASOPROCEGUA ASOPROCEGUA Colombia COAPRACAUCA Cooperativa Agraria de Productores y Colombia Procesadores de Yuca del Cauca. Colombia Cogance valle Cogance valle, Colombia Colombia Cooversalles Cooversalles, Colombia Colombia 16 Fanner Organizations FFS FOHB HBWU HODIFA IDAFASO NFG PC IDFA ULT Budget Fanner Organizations Network of fanner field schools in Eastern Uganda Fanner Organtzation of Hoa Binh Hoa Binh Women's Union Hoima District Farrners Association Ikundi Diary Fanners Association Tanzania Nyabyumba Farmers group Palenque Cinco Tororo District Farmers Association Usambara Lishe Trust( Horticultura! Producers Associatlon) Special Project Funding Fanner Organizations Uganda Vietnam Vietnam Uganda Tanzania Uganda Colombia Toro ro Tanzania The following donors provided special project funding for the RAeD during 2005: • International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Canada. • Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, SDC • DANIDA- via ASPS program tn Uganda • CIDA via the IPMS in Ethiopta • USAID - through the catholic Relief Services • New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID). New Zealand • W. K. Kellogg Foundation Unrestricted core funding In additlon to the above, the project recetves support from donors that provide unrestrtcted core funding to CIAT, includtng DFID and SIDA Actual expenditures 2005 So urce Amount (US$) Proportion (%) Unrestricted Core 240 ,137 20% Restricted Core 0 % Sub-total 240,137 20% Special Projects 948,380 80% Total Project 1,188,517 100% 17 RAeD ffighllghts This year's majar advances focussed on fteld testing and tailoring our best practices to better meet client needs, which is betng done through the leaming alliance research platforms; evaluating new and higher arder business support serví ces, l. e .• gotng beyond the local dimension; establishing methods to evaluate CIAT marketing tools against other market linkage methods; and ftnding ways of broadening the agro-enterprise approach to seek key leverage polnts 1n the marketing system, to lnclude htgh value products in the diversificatlon process and to lntegrate the policy dimension. Sorne of the highlights of the project thts year have included: Output 1: Improving Rural Business Development Services Testing and Preparation of New Agro-enterprise Guides Based on testing of the original traintng materials a number of new guides have been developed over the past year. These new gutdes are now being testing with partners in the field prior to prtnting. New titles include: • A Participatory Guide to Market Facilitation • A Guide to Rapid Market Appraisal • Market ortentation for small and medium scale rural producers (in Spantsh) • Guide to Fundamentals of marketing for small and medium rural producers. (In Spanish) • "Rentagro" User's Manual (in Spanish and English versions) • A Guide for "Partners for Rural Business" modules: Partlctpatory Monitortng and Evaluation Legal Constitution of Non-proftt Enterprises Tools for Enhancing Collective Action. These new Guides are currently being developed with partners and based on the CIAT materials, many partners aim to published their own guides for spectftc localized needs. These guides are also supplemented with other manuals on marketing bastes and appllcation of business techniques in ruralinnovation. Translation and Application of the learning tools: The original RAeD Guides, written in Spanish, have now all been translated lnto English and partners are now assistlng in translating the materials lnto French, Vietnamese and Lao. The original Collective Marketing gutde has been translated into Chlnese and there are plans to translate sorne of the new guides into Swahili, Amharic and Urdu. As these matertals become available they will be posted onto the RAeD website which is currently being revamped for a new launch in late 2006. Expansion of TRADENET into 1 O countries in Africa and 2 countries in Latín America Lack of accurate and relevant market information is a major obstacle in efforts to improve the competitiveness of smallholder agrtculture in developtng countrtes. However, few poor farmers have access to such infonnation and vtrtually all market information servtces 18 developed by Govemments in the 1970s. have subsequently collapsed dueto poor performance and management. Given this problem. partners from public and plivate sectors. have been working to develop effectlve, low cost business development services4 (BDS), as indicated tn CIATs MTP 2002-04. One BDS developed in Uganda. Eastem Afiica. through ASARECA'ss FOODNETB. was a simple market informatlon service. This service was one of the first outsourced marketing services in Mrtca. wtth autonomy to test new data management systems. In 2002, FAO fac111tated a meeting between Busylab. a Ghanaian based ICT company and the Ugandan MIS team. This collaboratlon led toa beta version ofTRADENET. TRADENET is the first of a new generatlon of software products that offers organlzations an off-the-shelf solutlon to their market tnformation con ten t . aggregation and dtstribution needs. The system can be uploaded from the field using mobile phones. email or through a cyber café Interface. TRADENET provtdes a platform to syntheslse the lnformation and disseminate lt back to users through valious formats tncluding Internet. radio. email and Mobtle phone SMS messagtng. In 2003, TRADENET 1.0 was used as the Uganda n marketing informatlon service informatlon platform. Based on the success of the product, projects in West Mrtca. such as MISTOWA, have purchased TRADENET and are uslng the software in 11 countries in West Mrica, www.tradenet.btz. New sites have also been launched in Latin Amertca. The TRADENE'f7 service supports 5-7 mtllion farmers in Uganda alone. As such this is a majar new development using prtvate publlc partnerships and cuttlng edge ICTs to make markets work for the poor. Evaluating prospects for smallholder fanner micro-insurance schemes In many parts of the world, climates are consldered less predictable now than 20 years ago and many poor farmers. uslng rainfed production systems. find themselves increasingly exposed to crop failure caused by extreme weather conditions. In industlialised countrtes farmers are lnsured against weather based crop failure, whereas poor farmers in developing must suffer stgniftcant asset losses when drought occurs. Dueto the rtsks associated with ratnfed agrtculture, formal banks have shied away from farmers wtthout irrigation and therefore the poorest are most exposed to fmancial ruin. To address this situation CIAT has developed a software appllcation to support insurance schemes for smallholder farmers. The approach is site-spectfic, is not dependent on pre-existing yleld data and can be applied to a wtde range of crops. The premlums and payouts can be adjusted as circumstances require. and the insurance instrument and lts trtgger points are transparent. The methodology was developed in Honduras where slx sites were chosen to represent a spread of annual rainfalls from 1000 to 2200 mm. Ninety-nine years of cltmatic data were generated for each stte uslng CIAT's climate simulator MarkStm. Thts data was used as 4. Business Development Services , s ee Unk to CIATs SN-1 2004-2006 MTP output l. 5. ASARECA Assoctation for Strengthening Agricultura! Research tn Eastem and Southem Afrtca. 6. FOODNET Regional Marketing Network. 7. TRADENET ls currently d eployed tn Benin, Burktna Faso. Cote D'Ivoire, El Salvador, Ghana , Guinea. Honduras. Mall. Niger, Ntgerta. Senegal, Togo, and Uganda, and has regional interfaces for Central America (www.agroemprendedor.org) and for Wes t Afrtca (www.wa-agrttrade.org). In 2006 TRADENET will add the remalntng ECOWAS countrtes. 19 input for the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) on a dry bean sub-model applied to etght soU types. Trials wtth bean fanners provided data from whtch a "drought index" was defined based on a seasonal rainfall deficit. Payout "trigger points" were set for each combination of si te and soil for payout events on a one 1n ten year basis. Results from this trtal could then be used to calculate premiums for each sotl type and locality. Based on this work, the World Bank Commodtty Risk Management Group (CRMG) contracted CIAT to provide a "proof of concept" drought index for a contract farming project in NE Thailand. Issues under research include (i) finding ways to raptdly estimate rtsks and premiums. (11) updating premiums mid-season and (tU) evaluating the potential forre- insurance. Practicaltssues to be resolved tnclude:-determinlng farmers willingness to pay for such a service. (11) decidtng where payment is due and (iti) organiztng premiums and payments system. Output 2: Understanding lnstitutional lnnovations for lncreased Rural Investment and Business Expanslon Management of a ACPS wide coriference on Market iriformation and marketing institutions with CTAB From 28-30th November 2005, CIAT co-hosted an intemational Expert consultation on Market Information Systems and Agrtcultural Commodity Exchanges wtth the Technical Centre for Agricultura! and Rural Cooperation ACP-EC (CTA) 1n hosting. CTA has been acttvely involved 1n the promotion and ptlot testtng of market tnfonnation systems (MIS) and agrtcultural commodity exchanges (ACEs) that have operated at the local, nattonal and regtonallevels in Afrtcan. Cartbbean and Paciftc (ACP) countrtes and this was an opportunity to review past initiatives and plan for future tnvestment over the next 5 years. In general, the pllot work supported by CTA has been successfulin finding new ways of disseminattng market tnformation however; stakeholders felt there was a need to enhance the utility of such services so that fanners and rural traders who receive thts tnfonnation can act on 1t more effectively. Similarly. tnvestments in the development of market institutions such as auctions and product exchanges have also proven to be a success in testing new ideas, but problems rematn as many fanner groups are unable to use these services effectively for their commerctal advantage. Key issues discussed included the value of practica! sequenctng in the introductions of new marketing institutions based on speciftc pre-conditions. This would assist 1n enabling interventions to play an additive role rather than introduclng stand along projects. The group felt that management of an MIS was a crttical area of action and that this should not be solely the domatn of the Govemment. but rather a partne~ship between Govemment, prtvate sector and development groups. In terms of the development of commodity exchanges. there was less support and or consensus for greater investment in this area. A compromise positlon was to pllot new approaches to warehouse receipt systems. 8. ACP - African, Caribbean and Pactftc countries. 9. CTA- TechnicaJ Centre for Agriculture in support of ACP countries, part of the EU- Lomé Agreement. 20 Output 3: Pro-poor PoHcy Optlons for the Rural Communities in LDCs and DCs Supporting CIAT's new initiative in linkingfanners to "High Value" markets From 3-5 October 2005. the Secretariats of GFAR and the CGIAR Science CouncU convened an expert meeting to develop a common understandtng about how smallholder producers can benefit from engagtng in market opportunlties for hlgh value products. To achieve this objective, the workshop brought together strategtc thlnkers and knowledgeable practltloners from different points in the research and development continuum and from different stakeholder groups to explore options for actions in the field of high value agricultura! products (HVAP) wtthin research and development. The meeting underwent a sertes of discusston sesslons that addressed the following questions: a) How to tdentify HVAP market opportunlties for tncreaslng the income of the poor? b) How to stlmulate the domestic demand for HVAP? e) How to organtse small-scale farmers to realise the opportunities afforded by HVAP? d) How to ensure access to business servtces 1n support of farmers and entrepreneurs lnvolved in production and marketing of HVAP? e) How to tnfiuence policy to create an enabling envtronment for pro-poor high value agrtculture? The meeting commenced with a sesslon to define the parameters of high value markets and definlng areas of action. The meeting then outlined a number of poten tia! projects and partners who would be responsible for elaborating and developtng project proposals. The final sesslons then focussed on key prtnctples and conclustons. The meeting was an opportuntty to highlight many tnitlatlves in the high value area that are being undertaken by the CGIAR and its partners and to revtew pragmatlc and practica! ways of ltnking poor, margtnalised people lnto hlgh value markets. The inevitable question of MRisk management" was ralsed on severa! occaslons and a key prtnclples that emerged from the meeting was to consider starttng such an initlative in high potentlal locations, to learn from a range of expertences and if successful to then move to more marginal areas. Implementation of an advanced study tour to evaluatefanner group marketing, newjinance approachesfor the poor andfarmer led innovation systems Based on the findings of the eastem Afrtca learntng alliance CRS, CIAT and local partners established an advanced study team, to revtew. strength. and develop more robust processes to facilitate the linkage of poor and margtnaltsed farmers to markets. Areas of particular lnterest to the study team included (i) how to strengthen farmer groups for the marketplace. (U) how to lntegrate rural finance methods into agro-enterprtse projects and (ill} how to tntegrate approaches to innovation and experimentation into an agro-enterprise context. The study tour began in Uganda and reviewed best practices being used by NGOs to form farmer marketing groups. Findings revealed how rapid but well targeted tralning, wtth no subsidies were proving an effective means of fostering groups into prtmary and secondary associations. The second stage of the evaluatlon was conducted in India. where the team 21 focussed on Self-Help Groups (SHG). This part of the study evaluated how SHGs scaled out and the prospects of this approach being applied beyond the Indian contex:t. There are currently 23 million people involved with SHG's. The SHG's mainly comprised of women and this highly versatile group method is being used for many actlvitles, such as savtngs and internalloans, adult learning and politlcal advocacy. These groups are not yet working in agro-enterprtse and this offers an interestlng opportunlty to link enterprise methods to thts expanding movement. In Latin America, the study team focussed on how Farmer Research Groups, aka CIALs were developed through partlcipatory research approaches at CIAT and offer an interestlng way of integratlng research methods and innovation processes into the rural community. The study team identlfied si.x critica! elements, including social cohesion, financia! management skills. NRM development, enterprtse capacity, innovatlon and advocacy. as key elements requlred for successful preparatlon for market engagement among poor producers. The team also developed a typology of market readiness at three levels that incrementally enable farmers to be better placed to link to markets. The study tour will conclude with a wrtte-shop to compile the outputs of the AST and this will be held at CIAT, in Cali, Colombia in July 2006. Problems Encountered and their Solutions In Latin America Severe funding cuts in CIAT at the end of 2005 have led to increased concerns about staffing stability. However. agatnst this trend the RAeD team has been relatlvely successful in accessing additlonal local funds. Solutions Staff has made considerable efforts to address the funding gap. wtth severa! new projects coming on stream to support both senior and support staff. Incentives are being developed such that if natlonal staff members are able to flnd additlonalinvestment then RAeD will seek ways to provide an annual bonus. This system is currently under discussion. In South East Asia Key issues raised in the Mid term review of SADU were to make changes in: (1) project management, (U) stafflng, (iii) financia! systems (iv) progress in dtstrtcts of Vietnam and (v) project permits. The project has contlnued to suffer from high turnover of staff, losing 3 project managers in 2 years, which has affected project performance. This project will be reviewed in August with a decision on renewal being made at that time. Solutions Project management was changed wtth management reporting shiftlng to CIAT-Asta. Following intematlonal recruitment, a new project manager was hired in January 2005 and a senior marketing economist in March of 2005. 22 New management systems were put in place on anival of new manager. Financia! systems were upgraded with Oracle links between Lao and Calt. New d.Jstrtcts were operationaltsed in two new provinces of Vietnam. Hao Binh and Dak Lak. New provincial staff were htred to support tlús expansion in work. Project permits have not been obtained in either Laos or Vietnam. Changes in the legal system in February of 2006, may offer sorne prospects of a permit. within an internatlonal category. but progress is unlikely to be rapid. InAfrica Project work in Africa has been funded through support from a series of projects in particular the PABRA project. Funding cuts from CIDA have led to a series of new initlatives to raise additional funds. Solutions Recruttment of a senior economist failed as identifted candidate left CIAT. Subsequently, it was decided to spllt thls posltion to support more local staff. Learntng all1ance work has continued to expand in Africa. with activitles in both Eastern and Westem Africa. A series of proposals have been submitted to donors to expa.nd the enterprise work, with sorne success in Kil1fl trust and the Sub-Saharan Afrtcan Challenge Project. lndlcators: List Technologies, Methods & Tools Software Rent-Agro: In 2005, RentAgro a simple was completed, with manuals being written in Spanlsh and translated into English. Thls product w1ll be launched in 2006. Developing scalable market iriformation services - Tradenet Contributors: Shaun Ferrts and Mark Davies• Busynet director Other methods & tools Testing and Preparation of New Agro-enterprise Guides: Based on testing of the original training materials a number of new guldes have been developed over the past year. These new guides are now being testing with partners in the fleld prior to printing. New titles include: A Participatory Guide to Market Facilltation. A Guide to Rapid Market Appraisal. Market ortentation for small and medium scale rural producers (in Sparúsh) Guide to the Fundamentals of marketing for small and médium rural producers. (Spanish) "Rentagro" User's Manual (in Spanlsh and English versions) A Guide for MPartners for Rural Business~ modules 23 Indicators: Publications List Books Gottret. Maria Verónica. (Forthcoming). "Rural Innovatlon and Smallholders Livelihoods: Modes of Intervention in Hillside Communities of Latin America." PhD Dissertatlon. Institute of Social Studies. Book chapters SNV marketing book entitled "Learning from lmplementing Pro-Poor Marketing Chains with smallholder fanners tn Africa". Contributed to introductlon methods and learning alltance chapters. Coriference proceedings Shaun Ferris, Peter Robbins and Vincent Fautrel. 2006. Expert consultation on Market Infonnation Systems and .Agricultural Commodtties Exchanges: Strengthening Market Signals and Institutions: Proceedings of an Expert meeting held in Amsterdam, 28-30lh November. 2005. 200 pp Other publications Lundy, Mark, Maria Verónica Gottret, and Jacqueline Ashby. 2005. "Learntng Alltances: An Approach for Building Multi-Stakeholder Innovatlon Systems." IIAC Brief. no. 8 (2005): 4. Ferris. R.S.B. and Robbins, P. 2005. Market Infonnation servtces, Qualtty, Govemance, Sustainabtlity and use of ICTs. Keynote. Paper presented at the first intemational conference on Postharvest qualtty. Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. 31st January- 2nc1 February. M. Lundy, C. F. Ostertag, R. Best, M. V. Gottret. E. Kaganzt, P. Robbins, D. Peters and S. Ferris, 2005. A Territorial Approach to Enhanctng Rural Innovation. Keynote. Paper presented at the first intematlonal conference on Postharvest quality, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, 31st January- 2nd February. Rupert Best. Shaun Ferris and Antonio Schiavone· 2005. Beyond .Agriculture: Making markets work for the poor Theme 1: Building Unkages and enhanctng trust between small-scale rural producers, buyers in growtng markets and suppliers of critical inputs. Paper presented at NRI 1 IIDG conference, Chatham, UK. Entitled, Beyond .Agriculture: Making markets work for the poor. Rupert Best, Tom Remington, Shaun Ferris and Mark Lundy. 2005: Hamessing the Power of Partnerships in the Marketplace: Using a Learntng Alltance for Agro-enterprtse Integration into Agricultura! Recovery: To be presented at the Intematlonal Fanning Systems Assoclation Global Leaming Opportunity (October 31-November 4, 2005, Rome Italy). 24 Rupert Best, Shaun Ferris, Inngard 2005. Synthesis Report International Workshop on How can the poor benefit from the growing markets for higb value agrtcultural products? held at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia 3-5 October 2005. pp30 Cock James, Ferris Shaun, Gonzales Alonso. Oberthür Thomas, 2005. CIAT Strategic and Business Plan for a Hlgb Value Crop Initiative. prepared for the International Workshop on How can the Poor Benefit from the Growing market in High Value agricultural Projects? held at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia 3-5 October 2005. pp33 Lundy, M .. Bernet, T., Mancero, L. 2005 ¿Cómo hacer análisis de cadenas? Metodologías y casos. Serie ASOCAM. Quito, Ecuador Gottret. Marta Verónica, and Diana Marcela Córdoba. 2005."Gobernabilidad y Articulación de Productores de Pequeña Escala a Cadenas Productivas: Marco Analítico y Metodología para la Realización de Estudios de Caso." 39. Cali, Colombia: Proyecto de Desarrollo Empresarial Rural, CIAT, con aportes de Intercooperación, CRS. CORPEI. SNV, GTZ y la Secretaria de Agricultura del Valle. Córdoba, Diana Marcela, and Marta Verónica Gottret. 2005. "Gobernabllidad y Articulación de Productores de Pequeña Escala a Cadenas Productivas: La Experiencia de la Alianza de la Mora en el Valle del Cauca." 66. Cali, Colombia: Proyecto de Desarrollo Empresarial Rural, CIAT Vallejo. Lilian, and Marta Verónica Gottret. 2005. "Gestión de Empresas Rurales y Articulación de Productores Rurales a Cadenas Productivas y Mercados: Marco Analítico y Metodología para el Análisis de Estudios de Caso." 14. Call, Colombia: Proyecto de Desarrollo Empresarial Rural, CIAT Huaman. Martha, W. Cifuentes. and Marta Verónica Gottret. 2005. "Diagnóstico de la Cadena de Valor del Café de Satipo y Chanchamayo." 52. Lima, Perú: Catholic Relief Servlces Gottret, Marta Verónica, Reinhild Bode, and Fernando Rodríguez. 2006. "Fostertng Innovation to Access HJgh-Value Market ChaJns: A Conceptual and Analytical Framework for Strateglc Research." In DAPA Working Paper, CIAT, 33. Call, Colombia Gottret, Marta Verónica, Reinhild Bode, Jenny Correa, Fernando Rodríguez, Jhon JaJro Hurtado, and Juerguen Piechaczek. 2006. "Memorias del Taller "Análisis de la Cadena de Café de la Asociación Orgánica", 28-29 January 2006." 17. Piagua, El Tambo, Cauca, Colombia: DAPA Project. CIAT Innovation Briefs CF Ostertag and D. Izquierdo. 2005 Método de ~socios para la Acción Empresarial" para el Fortalecimiento Empresarial de Organizaciones de Pequeños y Medianos Productores Rurales. 25 J F. Barona. O. A. Barona, and C. F. Ostertag 2005: "Alianza para el Desarrollo Empresarial Sostenible". metodología para el fortalecimiento empresarial de organizaciones de desarrollo y grupos de pequeños productores rurales vinculados a la conservación de recursos ambientales. Training manuals Shaun Ferris. Rupert. Best. Mark Lundy, Carlos Felipe Ostertag, Maria Verónica Gottret and T. Wandschneider. Strategy Paper: A Partlcipatory and Area based Approach to Rural Agro-enterprise Development. pp 45 S . Ferris. E. Kaganzi. R. Best. Wandschneider. T .. Ostertag. C. and Lundy M. A Market Fac111tator's Guide for Agro-enterprise Development; 150pp in prep CIAT press. T. Wandschneider. T. S . Ferris, C. Ostertag, and: M. Lundy. A Partlcipatory Guide to Rapid Market Appraisal; 100pp in prep ClAT. Ostertag Gálvez, Carlos Felipe, Mark Lundy, Maria Verónica Gottret. William Cifuentes. Carlos Felipe Ostertag, Rupert Best, Dai Peters and Shaun Ferris. Identifying and assessing market opportunities for small-scale rural producers, 120 pp (UPDATED) Lundy, M .. Gottret. M. V .. Cifuentes, W .. Ostertag, C.F., Bes t. R., Peters, D., Ferris, S. Increastng the Competitiveness of Market Chatns for Smallholder Producers. Manual 3 : Territorial Approach to Rural Agro. 120 pp (UPDATED) Osear A. Sandoval and Carlos F. Ostertag: Guide to the market orientation in enterprise development for small and médium scale rural producers in Spantsh Juan F. Barona and Carlos F. Ostertag: Gutde to the Fundamentals of marketing for small and medium rural producers. (Spanish) Juliana Rizo. Sandra Rivera and Carlos F. Ostertag: "Rentagro" User's Manual in Spanish and Engltsh verstons Training materials for "Partners for Business Action" modules: Osear A. Sandoval: Partictpatory Monitortng and Evaluation. by Osear A. Sandoval: Legal Constitution of Non-profit Enterprises, by Carlos F. Ostertag: Tools for Collective Action Motivation, by et al. Power points Bases for Rural Business Development. CF Ostertag Summary of "Partners for Business Action" methodology. CF Ostertag Several PP presentations for use in "Partners for Business Action" processes CF Ostertag 26 10 series PP presentations to support Market Facilitators Manual, Fenis and Kaganzi 6 series PP presentations to support Rapid Market Appraisal Manual, Wandschneider and Fenis Other fonns of intellectual property: (contribution to the development of databases, patents, copyright material, plant variety rights etc.) Tra1n1ng Course on Business Development Services. Servicios de Desarrollo Empresarial para Fomentar la Competitividad de Empresas Rurales, 10 al 19 de Octubre de 2005. Módulo 4 Diplomado en Desarrollo Empresarial Rural. CIAT/CATIE. CATIE Costa Rica. Established 4 Bellanet discussion groups Market Ajrtca- 91 members Site for shartng of information on marketing issues, methods and tools. Focus African researchers and development practioners. Leaming Alliance - 67 members Global membership from all CRS partners, tnvolved I the learning alliance that are English or French spea.king. Expert consultation on Market lnjormation Systems (MIS) and agricultural commod.ity exchanges (ACE): strengthentng market stgnals and institutlons, 116 members. Used in preparation for CTA conference and post conference networking. Commodity Acti.On. Establlshed to support ongoing work by the group. Oral/Poster presentations at coriferences Shaun Ferris. Steps 4 - 5 Market Infonnation to Market lntelligence Services Institut:lons for Making Markets Work. IFPRI Internatlonal workshop to advtse the Ethiopian Marketing Team, 18-21 May, 2005. Shaun Ferris. CTA marketing conference, Evolution of Marketing information Systems in ACP countries. Mark Lundy and Maria Verónica Gottret. Building Multi-Stakeholder Innovation Systems for Rural Agro-enterprise Development: Reflectlons on Learning Alliance methods, process and initial results. International Seminar on Learning Alliances for scaling-up tnnovative approaches in the water and sanitation sector. Internatlonal Center for Water and Sanitatlon, Delft, The Netherlands, 7-9 June 2005. Mark Lundy. Cadenas de Valor: Estrategias para el desarrollo de sectores y productos de la biodiversidad. Seminario Internacional de Biocomercio Sos tenible. Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Cartagena de Indias, 25 al 27 de mayo 2005. Mark Lundy. Conectando islas de éxito por medio de Alianzas de Aprendizaje. Taller internacional: La expansión de los supermercados y su s efectos en las cadenas agro- alimentarias: desafios y oportunidades. RIMISP, Oxfam Great Britain, CEPES. Lima, Perú 26 al 28 de Octubre 2006 27 Carlos Ostertag. Seminario Binacional de Desarrollo Agro-empresarial en Fresa y Mora. Con el apoyo del PADEMER. Pamplona Gottret, Marla Verónica. Rural Innovation and Smallholders' Livelihoods: Modes of Interventlon in Hillside Communities of Latln Amertca. Instltute of Social Studles, The Hague, The Netherlands. 8 December 2005. Russell, Nathan. Arévalo, Dora Patricia, Gottret, Marla Verónica, and Quirós, Carlos Arturo. Mejoramiento de la Gestión del Conocimiento para el Desarrollo Empresarial Partictpativo en Zonas Rurales: Una Alianza de Aprendizaje para apoyar el desarrollo de Conjuntos Integrados de Proyectos en Bolivia y Perú. Taller de Redes y Estrategias de Impacto, Conjuntos Integrados de Proyecto (CIP), Fundación W. K. Kellogg, Cochabamba, Bolivia 29 Agosto - 2 Septiembre, 2005 Intemal Seminars Mark Lundy and Jacqueline Dlaz-Nieto. Designlng Weather Insurance for Small-scale Producers. November 2. 2005. Maria Verónica Gottret. Innovación Rural y Medios de Vida: Modos de Intervención en Comunidades de Ladera de América Latina, March 1, 2006. Indicators: Training List Number ofperson days oftrainingfor partners" Title Learnlng processes NUDibera Locátion trained Strengthening Municipal Technlcal Asslstance Unlts 30 Valle del Cauca, (UMATAs) of the Valle del Cauca Department In Colombia Rural Business Development Services. February 2005 MPartners for Business Actlon" methodology through 40 Valle del Cauca, Trainlng-Action-Research processes for the business Colombia and organizational strengthening of small rural producers. In collaboration wtth the Secretaria de Agricultura y Pesca (SAP) del Valle del Cauca. May-December 2005 Support to the hlgh value aromatic and medicinal 50 Valle del Cauca. plant business development for two woman's Colombia organizatlons In the In Municipio de Yumbo, Valle del Cauca With MASOAGRIGAM" In the Municipio de Palmlra. 15 Valle del Cauca. Valle del Cauca Colombia 28 Noof tra.IDlng da ya 90 120 150 45 Title Learning proceases Numbers Location <·, Noof trained traiDiDg days With AGRODESUR. Asociación Palenque Cinco, 50 Valle del Cauca. 150 Asociación para el Desarrollo Agropecuario de Colombia Robles "ADAGRO" and the Asociación Ambiental Nuevo Futuro. in corregimientos de Quinamayó y Robles in the Municipio de Jamundí, Valle del Ca u ca Training on Rural Business Development to rural 20 CIAT, Colombia 60 development practitioners linked to the Centros de AprendiZajes e Integración de Saberes (CASI) funded by the Kellogg Foundation in Latin Amertca. CIAT. November 2005 Training on Rural Business Development and 15 Afghanistan 75 ldentification of Market Opportuntties for Small Rural Producers targeted to Catholic Rellef Services (CRS) staff in Afghanlstan. 15 participan ts. Herat. Afghantstan. December 2005 Training Course on Business Development Servtces. lO Costa Rica 90 Servicios de Desarrollo Empresarial para Fomentar la Competitividad de Empresas Rurales. 10 al 19 de Octubre de 2005. Módulo 4 Diplomado en Desarrollo Empresarial Rural. CIAT/CATIE. CATIE Costa Rica Global Learnlng Alllance Ftrst business meeting with 15 Regional managers 75 Regional managers 16-22 January. Abadares from East Africa, West Country Club Kenya Afrtca, South Africa, Afghantstan, S.E. Asia Intermediate Technology Development Group: lO Kenya. Uganda 20 Traintng of methods for market analysts CRS Eastem Afrtcan fifth leaming alliance meeting, 34 Kenya, Ethtopia. 170 wtth focus on "Getting to the Marketplace" Madagascar, Rwanda, 16-22 February. Abadares Country Club Kenya Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea, Belgtum, Burundt, Sudan CRS WARO First leaming alliance Introduction to 27 Ghana, Gamb!a, Niger, 135 Agro-enterprtse development 23-27th May, 2005. Ghana, Uberta, Sierra Ntger Leone, Senegal. DRC, Burkina 1 Mali CRS SEAPRO First leaming alliance meeting, wtth 26 Aceh, Vietnam, Timor 130 focus on "Getttng to the Marketplace" l7-29th June. l'Est. Philipptnes. Davao Philipptnes Indonesia. Cambodia AMSDP TIP- CIAT Capacity Development of Partner 35 Tanzania 175 agencies on Agro-enterprise Development - "Getting to the Marker, Tanzanla 15- 19 August. 2005. CIAT- CLUSA - CRS Advanced Study Tour In 10 Uganda. Kenya. 50 Uganda to evaluate new lnnovations in farmer group Colombia, USA development IPMS marketing traJning with partners. Marketing 35 Ethtopla 70 bastes and from analysis to action. 19-23 September 29 Title Leanrlng processes Numbers Location Noof trained tralning days Marketing Bastes traintng course for CRS S . Sudan, 32 Southem Sudan 64 1 1 - 13 October CIAT- CLUSA- CRS Advanced Study Tour in India 15 India, Uganda, USA, 75 to evaluate new innovations in self help groups and Kenya. fmance mechanirns CIAT- CLUSA - CRS Advanced Study Tour to 7 Uganda, Colombia, 35 evaluate new innovations in farmer group USA, development CRS WARO Second learning alliance Market 24 Ghana, Gambta, Niger, 120 opportuntty Identiflcation and linking fanners to Ghana, Liberta. Sierra markets 13-1 7lh February 2006 Leone. Senegal. DRC. Burkina 1 Mali CRS SEAPRO Second learning alliance meeting, with 22 Aceh, Vietnam. Ttmor 110 focus on WMethods for Raptd Market Appraisal M l'Est, Philippines, 5-1 2 March Svai Rieng, Cambodia Indonesia, Carnbodia, Myanmar Training Course on Business Development Services. 19 . CIAT/CATIE. CATIE 171 Servicios de Desarrollo Empresarial para Fomentar Costa Rica la Competitividad de Empresas Rurales, 10 al 19 de Octubre de 2005. Módulo 4 Diplomado en Desarrollo Empresarial Rural. Taller Internacional: Promoción, Aplicación y Uso de 25 Montería, Colombia 50 los Estándares de Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaría a través de las Cadenas Agroalimentartas para Asegurar el Acceso y la Diversificación a los Mercados Nacionales e Internacionales 11 Septiembre a 1 Octubre 2005 Curso uvtnculación de Pequeños Productores a 25 Yapacani, Bolivia 15 Cadenas Productivas M 24 Enero- 3 Febrero 2005 Total 591 2255 Number of higher degree students supervised Verónica Gottret PhD. James Bamham. PhD Elly Kaganzt MSc. Jhon Jairo MSc, Maria Miguel Ribeiro MSc 30 Indicators: Resource Mobilization List Project Proposals presented to donors Tltle of the proposals and Lead Donor Approved RAeD Pending concept notes Developed Partners receipts World Bank consultancy on ITUganda World Bank 7 ,500 evaluation of marketing servtces in uganda. Developing an Interactive UNCTAD , EU 200,000 200,000 Community of Practice for CTA Linking Farmers to Markets, Partners: CTA to lead in design and implementation of the lnformation portal through a consortia of members. Participating Countrtes: ACP countries, $200,000. Donor EU, funding routed through UNCTAD and CTA .. Supporting Smallholders in World Bank EU 200,000 200.000 their Pathway to More Formalised Markets, Impact evaluation and process monltortng. $200,000. Donor EU, funding to be routed through World Bank. Evaluate the Current Status Chemonics AS PS 14,500 14,500 of Market Information Servtces in Uganda and to Formulate a Programme for the Next Five Years. Short term contract, approved December 2005. Danish ASPS unit, $14,500. Short term contract wlth CMIS CTA 20,496 20,496 CTA to facilitate lnternational conference on marketing institutions, CTA € 17.080 . ($20,496) CRS Southern Sudan. CRS CRS 2,400 2 .400 Short term traJntng contract $2,400. Second phase marketing MUK, KCC, CIP, IDRC 10,000 10,000 and enterpris e development CIP in Eastern Africa, as part of the S UIPA lnitiative. $10.000. approved under final SUIPA process) Publication of RAeD CRS USAID 24,000 24,000 manuals. CRS $24 ,000. 3 1 Title of the proposals and Lead Donor Approved RAeD Pending concept notes Developed Partners receipts Inspire 3 . Integrated Soll TSBF Kalife Trust 300,000 10,000 Productivlty Initiative through Research and Educatlon (INSPIRE), Strategtc Scaling-Up and Scaling-Out proposal. 4 years $750,000 Integrated Promotion of Ethtoptan IPMS 10,000 10,000 Marketing Support in Min of Ag Ethlopla project support 2005, 5 weeks. $10,000. CRS-CIAT Aceh ACCORD CRS CRS 180,000 100,000 Agro-enterprtse "Learntng Alliance" Project $180,000, CIAT portion $100,000. CRS, CIAT, CLUSA, WWF, CRS CRS ODG WRI . Financial lntegraUon, Economic Leveraging, broad-based Dissemination and Support Program Field RFA. Total 10,000,000. CIAT portion $1,000,000. Marketing support to RAMP CRS DFID 9,838 8 ,000 project in Afghanistan. Taktng the Next Steps wtth CRS CRS 10,000 65,000 Self Help Groups to the Marketplace, 2006. CRS India, $65,000 Partnerships to Share GFAR, IFAP IFAD 1.222,000 Benefits from Htgh Value Agricultura! Markets, Participating Countries: Smallholder farmer associations in Uganda, India, Colombia, IFAD, Tentattue Bud.get: $1,222,000 over 4 years. CRS, ARD, CRS. Ethiopian CRS USAID 20,000 ATE. REAP. FOCAL CI1Y IDRC CIP IDRC 1,196,670 CONCEPT NOTE Turning envlronmental burdens into livelihood benefits: building a sustainable neighbourhood through waste recycling, agro- enterprtse and a cohestve communtty in Kampala, Uganda, 32 Title of the proposals and Lead Donor Approved RAeD PencUn¡ concept note• Developed Partnen receipta SSA-CP proposal. SSACP World Bank 40,000 400,000 Empowerment, Innovation and Partnerships as a · means to unlock the benefits from Diversity and Enterprtse for smallholder farmers in Kivu Region of Eastem Afrtca. Participating Countries: Rwanda, Uganda and Eastem DR Congo. HARVEST PLUS. Reaching Beans Gates 1,000,000 EndUsers wtth the Development and DUTusion of BioforUfied beans. Marketing Component budget $2,168,750 Partnerships for CRS USAID 200,000 Sustainable Agriculture, llvelihoods and Markets in Southeast Asia (PSALM- SEA). Funded to 200,000 Aplicación de MSocios para Socios para Secretaria de 10.124 10,124 la Acción Empresarial" con la Acción Agricultura organizaciones económicas Empresarial del Valle del Cauca, donor Secretaria de Agricultura y Pesca - Valle del Cauca, in execution Implementación de Farmer Secretaría de 16,700 16,700 Metodología para la organtsations Agricultura Creación de Cadenas de Valor con PPRs en el Valle del Cauca, donor Secretaria de Agricultura y Pesca - Valle del Cauca, in execution Apoyo al Fortalecimiento Farmer Secretaría de 7,000 7,000 Organlzativo y Empresarial organisatlons Agricultura de Pequeños Productores Rurales del Area de Desarrollo Rural del Sur Oriente del Valle del Cauca, donor Secretaría de Agricultura y Pesca- Valle del Cauca, in execuUon Formulación Proyecto de Fanner Comisión 23.820 23,820 Desarrollo Agropecuar:io organlsatlons Técnica Sostenible - Provincia Belga. Bolivia Chayanta en Potosi. donor Comisión Técnica Belga, Bolivia, executed 33 Title of the proposals and Lead Donor Approved RAeD Pendlng concept notes Developed PartneÍ's receipts Desarrollo tecnológico de Farmer FONTAGRO 20,700 20,700 frutales: Uchuva, organisatlons Granadilla y Tomate de Arbol, donor FONTAGRO, In execution Modelo de Incubadora de TICS World Bank lOO o Empresas Agroindustrlales con TICS - Cauca. donor Programa Infodev del Banco Mundial, executed Apoyo a los CAIS en WKKF 856,000 35,000 América Latina, donor WKKF, In execution Alianza de Aprendizaje para CIP WKKF 293,500 65,000 apoyar a los CIP en Bolivia y Perú. donor WKKF Alianza Institucional al para Farmer EU 120,000 120,000 el Fortalecimiento organisations Metodológico y Operativo del Centro Provincial de Gestión Agro-empresarial del Sur-Oriente del Valle del Cauca, donor Delegación de la Comisión Europea para Colombia y Ecuador Preparación de Planes de Farmer FOCAM" 8,950 8,950 Negocio para Oferentes de organlsations Bolivia la Metodología de Seguimiento y Evaluación Partlclpativa, donor Fomentando Cambios "FOCAM" Bolivia Asesoría CRS Afghanlstán, CRS USAID 12,385 12,385 donor CRS Alianzas de Aprendizaje en Farmer FONTAGRO la Región Andina, donor organisations FONTAGRO (ESTADO) Alianzas de Aprendizaje en Farmer FONTAGRO la Reglón Andina, donor organtsations FONTAGRO (ESTADO) Fortalecimiento de cadenas Farmer FONTAGRO productivas Incluyendo organisa tions TICs en Colombia y Bolivia, donor FONTAGRO (ESTADO) Apoyo Empresarial a la Farmer FOMIPYME 10,000 10,000 Asociación de Paneleros del organisations Cauca. donor FOMIPYME 34 Title of the proposala and Lead Donor Approved RAeD Pend!Dg concept notes Developed Partners receipts Asesoría CIAYUCA, donor CIAYUCA 5,000 5.000 CIAYUCA Alianza para el Desarrollo Farmer Fundación 56,200 Empresarial Rural en organisatlons El Alcaraváno Arauca - Fase 2, donar Fundación El Alcaraváno Apoyo al Desarrollo Farmer Alcaldía de Empresarial Rural para el organisatlons 1Uluá Sector Agropecuario del Municipio de Tulúa, donar Alcaldía de 1Uluá Fortalecimiento de cadenas Farmer FONTAGRO productivas en Colombia y organisations Ecuador, donor FONTAGRO Alianza para el Farmer Secretaría de Fortalecimiento de organtsations Desarrollo Empresarial de la Cadena Económico de Sandía en Córdoba, de Córdoba donor Secretaria de Desarrollo Económico de Córdoba Alianza de Acción para Farmer USAID fortalecer la capacidad organisations empresarial de seis micro- empresas rurales pertenecientes a tres organizaciones de AIPACHA, donor FOMIN Bolivia (USAID) Apoyo al Fortalecimiento Farmer Corporación Organtzativo y Empresarial organisations Serraniagua de los Productores Rurales de El Cairo y San José del Palmar, donor Corporación Serraniagua Fortalecimiento del Farmer Valle del Programa Vocacional organisations Ca u ca Agropecuario en las Instituciones Educativas de Desarrollo Rural en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca., donor Gobernación del Valle del Cauca y Cooperación Internacional Establec1miento y Farmer ARCO Operación de Centros de organisations Servicios Económicos, donors Actividad Rural Competitiva (ARCO) Bolivia 35 Title of the proposals and Lead Donor Approved RAeD Pending concept notes Developed Partners receipts Desarrollo rural integrado Farrner Valle del en las comunidades organisations Ca u ca vulnerables de ladera en el Farrner Valle del Cauca. donor organisatlons Gobernación del Valle del Cauca y Cooperación Internacional Alianzas Productivas en el Farrner IICA Valle del Cauca- organisations Piscicultura. donor IICA Farrner organisations Alianzas Productivas en el Farrner Valle del Valle del Cauca - Lácteos. organisations Ca u ca donor IICA Manual para identificación Farrner Ford 10.000 de oportunidades para organisatlons Foundation servicios ambientales. donor Fundación Ford Aplicación del Método - Farrner Valle del Socios para la Acción organtsations Ca u ca Empresarial - para el Fortalecimiento Empresarial de tres Grupos Consolidado de Productores del Corregimiento de Rozo. donor Secretaria de Agricultura y Pesca del Valle del Cauca Curso corto en Desarrollo Farrner SENA Empresarial Rural, donor organisations Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) lmprovlng frult and BOKU AustrianAid 70,000 600,000 vegetable quality from University smallholder systems: Optlmizing soil-crop-pest management for economically viable. socially acceptable and ecologlcally sustainable production Sustainable vegetable and Counterpart USAID 250,000 3.000.000 fruit supply chains for lnternational Guatemala Supply Chain development Leamtng NZAID 125,000 250,000 in Central Amertca. Alliance Livelihood Leaming Alliance Instituto Dutch 240.000 2.400,000 in the Colombian Pacific Alexander embassy. von Bogotá Humboldt 36 Title of the propoaals and Lead Donor Approved RAeD Pending concept note• Developed Partnera receipta Project SAFTinet: Secure Universidad EU African Farmers Through Politécnica Insurance Madrid Mejoramiento de la calidad INTA CTDA 80,000 8 ,600,000 de Vida de agricultores bajo riesgo: Tecnologías y políticas para rehabilitar tierras degradadas en cultivos y pastos en Nicaragua Pilot study on faJr retums Oxfam GB. Sustainable 10,000 10.000 for smallholders in French Costeo Food Bean producUon in Laboratory Guatemala lnitial study for a drought non e World Bank 15 ,500 1.500 tnsurance system for smallholder forage seed producers in ThaJland. Impact assessment of the Leaming PRGA 30,000 30 ,000 Central American Leaming Alliance Alliance. Market opportunity OxfamGB OxfamGB 14.000 14,000 identification study for Westem Honduras Analysis of diverse Agropyme R.egoverning 14,000 3 ,000 organtzational models and Markets dynamtc markets for smallholders vegetable producers in Honduras Assessment of the daJry RIMISP, MSU R.egovemtng 80.000 6,000 subsector in Michoacan, Markets México Instttucionaltdad y Andean FONTAGRO Mecanismos de Política Region para la Innovación Leamlng Tecnológica en Cadenas Alliance Productivas Totals 2,129,013 1,803,575 19,427,370 37 New Directions for 2006 In addition to the ongoing activities that RAeD is already comrnitted to fulftlling in 2006, the following areas are proposals of work that the tearn is airning to develop. Implernentatlon of thts work however, depends on funds being available:- Fostering links with more commercial ~gencies In 2005. several new linkages and projects were being established to investigate the opportunities for linking smallholders with larger commercial buyers. lnitiatives in this area include (1) The DAPA project, Colombia, which 1s seeking to develop new business models that link smallholder farmers with specialty rnarkets, (11) the Sustainable Food Laboratory is developing links with CIAT in Colombia, to formulate new approaches to foster traceable links between srnallholders and supermarkets, such as Costeo and (ill) in the Philippines, to link smallholder producers in Davoa with supermarkets in Luzon. All of these initiatlves, Next steps on the learning alliances Much of the project activities in 2006 will focus on the topic of market chain analysis, BDS evaluation and then movtng from analysis to action. However, there is an urgent need to evaluate progress in the process and to start to gather information based on key issues that enable farrners to engage in markets. Developing a Market led Innovation RH Database As part of the impact analysis, RAeD is working with partners in RII to develop an evaluation questionnaire on core competencies and market access options that are being used to link farmers to markets. The information gathered will be used to initiate a RII wide database. The data will focus on the concept of Market led Innovation systems and the ability of service providers to generate successful methods that not only link farmers to markets but also enable the cornmunities to re-invest in more sustainable and competltive agrtcultural system. Key issues include social cohesion, finance, NRM, Market access, marketing competence, innovation and expertmentatlon and advocacy for empowerrnent and change. Data on these issues will be collated from groups in severa! countrtes in Africa, Asia and Latin America, to evaluate how context affects marketing capacity and how marketing strategtes can be strengthened through using this knowledge base. Strengthening Unks with Institutes of Higher learning RAed would benefit considerably from strengthening links with Universitles involved in Tropical Agriculture. In recent discussions with faculty members at both Wageningen and KIT Universities it has becorne evident that forrnalising links between RAeD the University of Wageningen and Kit would provide a new arrangement in which students and staff could become involved in ongoing research activitles related to enterprtse development. These links are being investigated at this time with a vtew to developing long term exchange visits from students. 38 Project SN-3 Participatory Research Approaches to Reduce Poverty and Natural Resource Degradation through the Creation of Market Links and Social Control of Community Projects 39 Project SN-3: Participatory Research Approaches to Reduce Poverty and Natural Resource Degradation through the Creation of Market Links and Social Contr~l of Community Projects Project Description Goal To contrtbute to the socioeconomic improvement of rural communities through strengthening local and instltutional capacities by means of partlcipatory design, applicatlon and dissemination of approaches, methodologtes and tools, emphasizing gender and equity issues Objective To develop and disseminate participatory research (PR) principies, approaches, analytical tools, indigenous knowledge and organJzational principies that strengthen the capacity of R&D instltutions to respond to the demands of stakeholder groups for improved levels of human well-being and agroecosystem health Purpose Partlcipatory research methodologies for organizational and technologicalinnovatlon in agrtculture, co-developed, tested and widely disseminated, to benefit poor fanner groups and their organizatlons, particularly ethnic minorttles and women Assumptions Instltutlonal economic stability, Participatory research approaches remain a prtority in the CG. Donors allocate sufficient resources to partlcipatory research approaches. NARS and other stakeholders remain supportive and receptlve to partlcipatory research approaches. Beneficiarles and End Users 1bis work will benefit small scale resource-poor fanners, processors, traders and consumers in rural areas, especially in fragile environments IPRA has a strong focus on supporting rural women and the poor build their capacity to generate and use agricultura! technologies to their own advantage. Research and development service providers will receive more accurate and tlmely feedback from users about acceptabllity of production technologies and conservation practices. Researchers and development planners will profit from methods for conducting adaptlve research and implementing policies on natural resource conservation at the micro level. Sounds good. The national agrtcultural innovatlon systems are in focus of the Project's activities. Strengthening their capacity to link local demands with service providers is a task being undertaken by our project in Bolivia. 41 Collaborators OUtside CIAT: In Latín America: Honduras: Escuela Agrícola Panamericana- El Zamorano (EAP) , Fundación para la Investigación Participativa con Agricultores en Honduras (FIPAH), Programa de Reconstrucción Rural (PRR). Centro Universitalio del Atlántico (CURLA); Nicaragua: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones ONIA), U. Campesina (UNICAM); Ecuador: Instituto Internacional para la Reconstrucción Rural (IIRR). Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP)-Programa FAO, Fundación Antisana, Proyecto MANRECUR; Venezuela: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA). Bolivia: Ministerio de Asuntos Campesinos y Agropecuarios (MACA), U. Mayor de San Simón (UMSS). Fundación PROINPA, Sistema Boliviano de Tecnología Agropecuario (SIBTA). FDTA-Valles, FDTA-Altiplano, FDTA-Chaco, FDTA-Trópico Húmedo, FDTA-Chaco, Proyecto INNOVA, Agua y Tierra Campesina (ATICA), Programa Nacional de Semillas (PNS), Centro de Investigación Agrícola Tropical (CIAT-Bolivia), Servicio de Desarrollo Agropecuario de Tarija (SED.AJ), Coordinadora de Integración de Organizaciones Económicas Campesinas (CIOEC), Programa de Desarrollo Integral Interdisciplinario (PRODII). Centro de Apoyo al Desarrollo (CAD), Comunidad de Estudios Jaina, elght grassroots groups; Colombia: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA). organizaciones campesinas, U. Nacional de Colombia, Corporación para el Fomento de los CIAL, CORFOCIAL, Fundación para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Agroindustrtal Rural (FIDAR). In .1\frica: Uganda: National Agricultura! Research Organtzation (NARO). Africare; National Agricultura] Advisory Services (NAADS); African Highlands Initiative (AHI); Africa2000 Network, Vision for Rural Development lnitiative (VIRUDI); Local government; INSPIRE Consortium; Network of Farmer Field Schools (FFS); Makerere U. Malawi: Dept. of Agricultura! Research Services (DARS); Lilongwe Agricultura] Development Diviston (LADD); Plan Internatlonal Malawi. Tanzania: Distrtct Agricultura] and Ltvestock Dept. Office (DALDO), Tradttlonal Irrtgation and Environment Protection Program (TIP), World Vlsion Sanya Agricultural Development Program, Africa Htghlands Initiative (AHI); Hai District Council (Distrlct Agricultura] and Livestock Development Offlce) . Kenya: Kenya Agricultura! Research Institute; Community Against Desertification (CMAD); Extension Dept., Ministry of Agriculture; Kenyatta U. DR Congo: lnstitut National of Research et Etudes Agronomiques (INERA); Innovative Resources Management (IRM}. Mozambigue: National Agricultura] Research Institute ONIA). 21 farmers' groups and communities. Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya. ASARECA Network. Ghana: CSIR Water Research Institute. In Europe: Austria: Boku University. In Asia: India: Indian CouncU of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for the Eastern Regton, India; Sri Lanka: Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) Secretariat. Regional Networks in Latin America: Red latinoamericana y del Caribe de Nutrición Humana y Desarrollo Sustentable (RED LAYC); Africa: East and Central Afrtca Program Agricultura! Policy Analysis (ECAPAPA}, Eastern and Central Afrtcan Bean Research Network (ECABREN) and Southern Africa Bean Research Network (SABREN) of the Associatlon for Strengthening Agricultura] Research in East and Central Africa (ASARECA): African Network for Soil Biology and Fertility (AfNet) ofTroplcal Soil Biology and Fertility ('TSBF) Institute of CIAT: Pan Afrtcan Bean Research Alliance (PABRA). Within CIAT: Inputs to: PE-3; PE-4, IP-2, IP-3, IP-5, SN-1, SN-2, SB-2, SB-3, BP-1 . Outputs from: IP-2, IP-5, BP-1, SN-1, SN-4, PE-3, PE-4, TSBF. 42 CIAT: SN-3 Project Log Frame (2005-2007) Projeet: Project Manager: Partieipatory Researeh Carlos A. Quirós (A) Narratlve S111DJWUy Inclleatora Goal To contrtbute to the soctoeconomic Results from the lmpact study of the lnteiVentlons by SN-3 Lmprovement of rural communttles show: through strengthentng local and . Better management of resources (e.g., human, economlc. lnstitutlonal capacttles by means of natural) In envlronments where partlclpatory methods and partlctpatory destgn, applicatlon tools have been lncorporated and dtsseminatlon of approaches. . Greater lncorporatlon of the producers' needs In methodologtes and tools. development plans supported by the State emphastzing gender and equtty . Active partlclpatlon of communlty groups In dectslon- Lssues maktng about endogenous and exogenous ln1tlat1ves . Parttclpatlng marginal groups enjoy soctoeconomtc benefits to a greater extent than slm11ar groups where sald declslon- maldng has not been lncorporated. Purpose Particlpatory research . Set of at least flve partlctpatory declstons taken on methodologtes for organlza.tional technologtcaltnnovatlon (PM&E, case histories of and technologtcal tnnovatton In tnnovatton, enabling ruraltnnovatton. evaluatlon of tmpact agrtculture. co-developed, tested of technologlcallnnovatton and knowledge management and w!dely dlssemtnated, to beneflt projects) evaluated and adapted for different contexts and poor farmer groups and thelr stakeholder groups In margtnal envtronments In Afrtca and organJzatlons, parttcularly ethnic latln Amertca (lA) mlnorttles and women . At least three sets of new methods and tools (e.g .. analysls of social networks. apprectatlve lnqut.ry) that 1ncorporate equlty and gender developed, applled and dtssemlnated at the leve! of members and stakeholder groups at the end of the thtrd year (2007) . A set of lnstltutlons not prevtously lnvolved In the SN-3 actlvltles tmplement. together wtth the project. co- development processes of declslon-maklng and eco- technologles wtth a partlctpatory approach. . A set of tnstttuttons not prevtously lnvolved In the SN-3 actlvltles tmplement processes of lntegrated 1ncorporatlon of parttctpatory declslon-maklng (t.e .. Agroenterprtses + CIALs + InforCom). • The approaches and dectslon-maklng developed by SN-3 ortented toward. . Evaluatlons of the performance of the project and tts members show that they are In Une wtth the m1sslon and vistan of SN-3 and CIAT. ---- - 43 Meana ofVerlfteatlon Projects, plans and reports of nattonal publlc-sector entltles, donors, NGOs and communlty-based organtzatlons In the three reference sltes and CIATs mandated agroecosystems that refer to thetr use of project products . Impact study • Instltutlonal reports . Publlcattons . Proceedlngs - - lmportant Asaumptlons 1 . lnstltutlonal economlc stabtUty. . Financtng for traJnJng actlvttles, publicatlon and dissemtnatlon of matertals. • lnstltutlons W1lling to prepare and support facllitators and share lnformatlon. . End-users-above all, farmers-willJng to participa te. 1 Narrative SUIIliilarY Indica ton Means ofVeriflcation Important Assumptlons Output 1 MechanJsms. approaches and o Methodology for evaluattng the lmpact on the projects of o Document on lmpact of the CIALs on o Good coordlnatton and methodologles developed and agr1cultural and l!vestock technologlcal lnnovatlon (PITAs} communlttes' development 1n Cauca lntegrat:lon among 1 dlssemlnated for strengthenlng developed by the end of 2006 and Honduras (2005) collaborators. farmers' organtzatlons and rural . lmpact of the CIAL methodology tn Honduras and Colombia o Arttcle submitted for revistan and . Mlnlmal confllcts for lnnovatlon systems to accelerate establlshed by the end of 2005 publ!catlon meeting demands. and lnstltuttonallze demand-drtven . Methodology for dotng case hlstortes on tnnovat:lon o ILAC Brtef on tnnovatlon h1story o Full particlpatlon of lnnovatlon tn productlon systems developed by the end of 2006 method publ!shed In 2005 stakeholder groups. o Method for constructtng and learning from tnnovatlon o At least 4 case hlstortes on lnnovatton . F1eld staff fulfllltng true hlstortes developed by end of 2005 publ!shed by 2006 fac!Utator roles. o Procedure for partlclpatory evaluatlon of multlpurpose . Methodology for prepartng case o Data avatlable from forages val!dated In collaboratlon w!th the Forages Project histories on tnnovatlon publ1shed reference sttes. by2007 o Manual descnbtng knowledge o Internet system o EfTect of the CIALs 1n the communJcatlon networks management avatlable functlonJng well. establ!shed tn pllot sttes by 2006 • Final report of Frr-8 proJect • Methodology for knowledge management at the locallevel . Arttcle on procedures for part:lctpatory val!dated and made avatlable to the suppllers of technJcal evaluatlon of forages submitted for asslstance and member organtzauons evaluatlon prtor to publlcatlon • At least 7 cases on the methodology of knowledge . FOCAM progress report management systematlzed and shared wtth declslon-makers o Vtslts to the communltles where CIALs by the end of the first quarter of 2006 have been establlshed o Methodology for balanctng supply wtth technologlcal o Records of CIALs establ!shed tn the demand at the level of producer groups and suppl!ers of Cauca Valley tn database technJcal asststance servlces, (www.enlaceclal.org) • At least 15 CIALs worktng on food secur1ty w!thln the . Thests on partlctpatory evaluat1on of organJzat:lonal structure of a govemment organJzatlon tn mult1purpose forages avallable Colombia • Gutde on methodology for studytng . Part1clpatory methodology for studytng and lmprovtng social lmprovement of social networks, networks prepared tn 2007 publlshed . At least one NGO ustng the methodology for lmprovtng social . Cuide to part:lclpatory constructton of networks by the end of 2007 project lmpact pathways, pubUshed . Part:lclpatory methodology developed for constructtng project . lmpact pathway workshop reports. and lmpact pathways by end of 2006 tndlvtdual project lmpact pathways . Part1ctpatory constructlon of the lmpact pathways of 18 wntten up CPWF projects tn the Volta, Mekong and Karkheh baslns Output 2 Conceptual and methodologtcal Influenclng pol!cy: . Documents on agreements, annual frameworks for building . Partnersh1ps wlth natlonal and tntematlonal entlttes for progress reports of the Kellogg-CAIS· tnstttuttonal and local capactty of evaluattng. adapttng and dtsseminattng partlc!patlve IPRA/ClAT Project resource-poor communJtles, dec!slon-maktng methodologles . Methodologlcal gutde for co- developed on the basls of an • Methodology for the co-development of technologles tn an development of technologles, publ!shed analys!s of expertences In co- lnstttutlonal context valldated and d!ssem1nated by the end . TechnJcal reports on adaptatlon of development tn LAC. wlth emphasts of2007 technologles, declslon-mak1ng and tool on gender and equtty lssues; . Annual reports of the Kellogg-CAIS· dtssem!nated IPRA/CIAT project -- - 44 Narratlve SUDllllaiY Indica ton Means of Vertflcatlon Important Asaumptiona . ClAT technologtes, dectston-mak1ng and tools adapted to the . Document of proposal for adjustlng to context of the Centers for LeamJng and Exchange of SIBTA regulations presented to the Knowledge (CAIS) tn the second semester of 2007 system's authortties . Proposal for adjusttng pollctes and/or regulatlons tn a National System of Agrtculture and Uvestock Technologtcal Innovatlon ready for presentatlon to stakeholders . From 30-50% of the women In the comrnuntties exposed to the partlctpatory methods and tools leadtng groups of fanners tn technologtcaltnnovation processes Output 3 The resource-to-consumptlon (ERI) . Ftve projects and programs applytng the set of R-to-C tools . Project progress reports lnstltutlons wtlltng to framework developed. tested and (ERI) by the end of 2007 . Set of manuals for ortenting the ERI. prepare and support applled to strengthen farmer • At least 30% of the producer groups exposed to new published and dtssemtnated wtdely fac!lJtators: fundtng orga.nJzattons and rural women's approaches for tntegratlng partlclpatory dectston-mak1ng • Two artlcles accepted for publtcation tn ava1lable capactty to make a transttton from W1l1 have adopted mlxed productlon schemes (subslstence joumals semlsubsts tence to competltive, and comrnerclal1zatlon of surpluses) by the end of the third market-ortented productlon tn year of the project (2007) Afnca • As a result of applytng new approaches for local agrtcultural tnnovatlon, at least 300AI of the producer groups will have changed thetr subslstence systems for subststence and commerclalizatlon schemes In the Project's pUot zones In Afrtca and LA by the end of 2007 . From 20-Smez, R: Martinez. J ; Reilly. K. 2001. Paths beyond connectlvity: Expertence from Latin Amertca and the Caribbean. Cooperatlon South 1:110-122. Gurung, B; Menter. H. 2004 Mainstreaming gender-sensttive participatory approaches: The CIAT case study. In: Pachico. D; Fujisaka. S. Scaling up and out: Achieving Widespread impact through agricultural research. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIA'Ij, Cali. CO. 296 p. Haythornthwaite, C. 1996. Social network analysis: An approach and techntque for the study of informatton exchange. Ubrary & Irifonnation Science Research 18(4):323-342. Hesse. E. 2006. An evaluatlon of CIATs first e-learning course and subsequent steps. In: Annual report 2005-Informatlon and Communications (InforCom) Project. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIA'Ij, Calt. CO. 73 p. Hurtado, JJ; Arévalo. DP; Mayorga, O. 2006. An information system for rural enterprtse development: Support in planntng and deciston maklng for small rural producers. In: Annual report 2005-lnformatlon and Communtcations (InforCom) Project. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIA'Ij , Cali. CO. 73 p. K.ing, K; McGrath. S. 2003. Knowledge shartng in development agencies: Lessons from four cases. Verston 2 (onllne). OED Working Papers. Operations Evaluation Department, World Bank. Washington. D.C. Available at http:/ /open.bellanet.org/km/modules.php Lin. N. 200 l. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. Cambridge Untversity Press. Lundy. M. 2004. Learning alliances wtth development partners: A framework for scaltng out research results. In: Pachtco. D; Fujtsaka, S . Scaltng up and out: Achieving wtdespread tmpact through agrtcultural research. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIA'Ij , Cali, CO. 296 p. Lundy. M; Ostertag. CF; Best. R. 2002. Value addtng. rural agroenterprise. and poverty reductlon: A territorial approach to rural business development. Paper presented at the 1st Henry A. Wallace Inter-Amertcan Scientific Conference. "Globalization of Agricultura! Research." 25-27 February. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanaza (CATIE), Turrialba. CR. Available in: http:/ /www.ctat.cgtar.org/agroempresas/pdf/value_adding.pdf Menou. MJ; Delgad1llo P. K; Stoll. K. 2004. Latin American community telecenters: It's a long way to TICperary. The Journal of Community Informatics Vol. l. No. l. Available at: h ttp: 11 ct -journal. net/viewartlcle. php?td=26&layou t=h tml 108 Morrow, K. 2002. The ICT agenda: Global action plans and local solutlons. LEISA 18(2):9-l O. Available in: http:/ /www.ileia .org Parkinson, S. 2005. Telecentres. Access and Development: Experience and lessons from Uganda and South Afrtca. Intemational Development Research Centre aoRC). Ottawa, CA. 152 p. Poole, N. 2003. Market infonnatlon in theory and practlce: Instltutional perspectlves. Keynote address at the workshop Promotlng Market-led Development through Greater Integration of Agricultura! Statistlcal Services and Market Infonnation Systems. 21-23 November. Technical Centre for Agricultura! and Rural Cooperation (CTA). Wageningen, The Netherlands. Ramírez, M; Arévalo, DP; Russell, N; Clark, L. 2006. Methodologtes for strengthening local infonnation and communicatlons promoters in Bolivia. In: Annual report 2005-- Infonnatlon and Communlcations (JnforCom) Project. Centro Internacional de Agricultura 1roplcal (CIA'I}, Cali, CO. 73 p. Reardon, T. 2005. Customizing market development strategtes: New paths to rural development in Central Amertca. Staff Paper No. 2005-0, Departrnent of Agricultura! Economics, Michigan State Universlty. USA. Robtnson, S. 2003. Algungas tmpllcactones políticas de las emergentes economías de las remasas. Coloquio de Migración y Desarrollo, Zacatecas, Mexico. October. Mesa 8- Migración, capital social y desarrollo local y regional. Russell, N; Staiger-Rivas, S., Eds. 2005. Knowledge shartng solutions for a CGIAR w:ithout boundartes. CIAT. Calt. 24 p. Staiger-Rivas, S; Hewlitt, A:. Horton, D; Russell, N; Toomey, G. 2005. Major meetlngs as entry points for knowledge sharing: A case from the Consultative Group on Intematlonal Agricultura! Research. KM4DevJouma11(2):44-55. Williamson, OE. 1975. Markets and Hierarchtes: Analysis and Antltrust Impllca tions. Macmillan. London. 109 PRGA Program Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis for- Technology Development and Institutional Innovation A CGIAR Systemwide Program 111 PRGA Program-Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis for Technology Development and Institutional lnnovation A CGIAR Systemwide Program Project Description and Logical Framework Introduction The Program's goals for phase two (2003-2007) have been considerably modified in the Ught of lessons leamed from, and expertences in, phase one (1997-2002). These Iessons can be broadly summarized as: • An absence of a ciitical mass of partlcipatory research and gender-analysis practitioners in agncultural research, partlcularly in the CG System; • Little or no focus on gender analysis; • An unmet demand for capacity development in gender-analysis and partictpatory research methods; • While learning and change through methods development is widespread, it does not extend beyond the project life and into the organization. Clearly, these lessons necessitate renewed focus on gender analysis with its inextiicable linkage to partlcipatory research. This calls for continued focus on building capacity for the use of participatory research, gender-analysis and impact-assessment methods, and demonstration of the impacts of using such methods. Additionally, and in order to sustain, enhance and extend learnlng and change to the level of the organization, it is necessary to focus on developing capacity for mainstreaming such approaches, combined with action research to document "best practices" for organizationalleaming and change. Project objective Mainstrearrúng gender analysis and equitable partlcipatory research to promete leam.ing and change in CG Centers and NARS, so that they can better target the demands of beneficiary groups, partlcularly poor rural women. Mainstrearrúng refers to the following activities: (a) capacity development for gender analysis, participatory research, impact assessment and organizational development: . (b) establishtng a cadre of change agents versed in gender analysis, participatory research, impact assessment and organizational development skills, who are networked for support and exchange of experiences: (e) establishing interna! working groups to facilitate adaptation of organizational stiuctures and practices to tnitiate a demand-driven agenda within their organizations; (d) access toa high-level externa! support group that represents the interests of clients, particularly poor rural women, and functions as a body to ensure accountability for instituting the demand-drtven agenda in participating institutions. 113 Outputs l. Capacity developed for mainstreaming gender analysis and participatory research in selected CG Centers and NARS. Project heading: Project on Mainstreaming and Support to Partners. 2. Evidence of impact of gender-analysis and participatory research methods assessed, and methods developed to permit impact-assessment results to be effectively integrated into research and development decision-making. Project heading: Project on Impact Assessment. 3. EstabUshed communication strategies for learning and change with partners. Project heading: Project on Communicatlon and Publications. Gains Accelerated learning and change from the generatlon of new, widely applicable methodologies for enhanced gender analysis, partlcipatory research, impact assessment for institutional learning and change. and organizatlonal development for mainstreaming these approaches in the practlces. structures and processes of organizatlons. Considerable savings for, and increased impact of, participatlng CGIAR Centers and NARis through increased and efficient use of these methods. Capacity for these methods will be strengthened and disseminated through an established network of trained trainers from these participatlng instltutions. Poor rural women will be important participants in, and beneficiarles of, research. The development and adoption of diverse gennplasm will be greatly accelerated in major food crops. Miles tones • At least 12 partner instltutlons (2 CGIAR Centers and 10 NARis) incorporate gender analysis and participatory research into core (mainstream) plant-breeding or natural- resource management research. Actlon research undertaken and tools developed for enabling scientlsts to capture product and process impact. and to integrate Iearning from impact assessment into research planning and adaptatlon. • A core capacity in the partner instltutlons (at least 2 CGIAR Centers and 10 NARis) has been instltutlonalized in tenns of people trained in the methods, changes implemented in research organizatlons, multl-year funding committed. and instltutional policies adopted, such that the scientlftc use of gender analysis and participatory research is an organic part of research, project design, staff recruitment. and capacity building in the particlpatlng instltutions. • Capacity of IARC and NARS sclentlsts to use good-practlce gender-analysis, participatory research, impact-assessment and organizational-development methods ls considered strengthened through training of trainers. Assumptions • CGIAR Centers and partner instltutlons are will1ng to become involved in learning and change by committlng staff and budget to using PR&GA methods, contributing to capacity development of their members, and making the necessary organizational adjustments for integratlng such approaches into thelr organlzations. • Donor commitment to the PRGA Program is constant over the period. 114 • IARCs and other institutions collaborating with the PRGA Programare able to include results in their institutional reports and annual reviews. • Stakeholders are willing to contribute actively to PRGA Program planníng and evaluation. Users Poor rural women farmers. poor fanners in general. CGIAR Centers. NARis. NGOs and rural grassroots organizations. Collaboration The collaboration of the PRGA Program With its partners (IARCs, NARS, NGOs, universltles. grassroots organizations) has been through the provision of small grants. workshop costs and in-kind contribution of senior staff for joint proposal development and studies. The collaborative arrangements are detailed below. CGIAR System links CIP (lntemational Potato Center}. Peru: Has been aliocated a small grant for mainstreaming. JCARDA (lntematlonal Center for Agricultura! Research in the Dry Areas). Syrta: A small grant allocation for mainstreaming and contribution of senior staff time for impact-assessment studies and capaclty-development support for the Water Challenge Program. CIMMIT (Jnternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). Me.xico: Contribution of senior staff time for a joint impact-assessment study. CIAT (Internatlonal Center for Tropical Agriculture). Colombia: CIALs studies: cassava In Asia study; TSBF-AfNet training. ILRI (lnternatlonal Livestock Research Jnstitute). Kenya: Funds have been made available for a joint PRGA-ILRI positlon for a senior staff member. ICRAF (World Agroforesty Centre). Kenya: Institutional review of PR and GA. NARS ASARECA (Association for Strengthening Agricultura! Research in Eastern and Central Africa). Uganda: Small grants. workshop funds, and senior staff time for capacity development of lO NARis in the Eastern, Central and Southern Afrtca. NGOs CARE/Laos (Intemational Relief and Development Agency): Small grant for assessing the lessons of gender mainstreaming. Eastem Hirnalayan Network, Nepal: Institutionalízing gender-responsive R&D through women's networks . 115 Universities Laos University: Small ·grant for a study documenting the development and implementatlon of a participatory monitortng and evaluatlon process with the natlonal agrtcultural extension services. China Agricultural University: Small grant for designing and implementing a study to assess the mainstreamtng of partlcipatory research approaches with its various stakeholders. University of Maine, USA. 116 Program Logical Framework (2003-2005) NarrativeSUJJUDal'Y Mea.surable Indicators Means ofVeriflcatlon Important Assumptlons Goal . By the end of 5 years. part1ctpat1ng tnstltutlons tn . Monttortng and evaluatlon system . CGIAR Centers and partner Matnstream gender analysts and the CG System and NARS have an lncreased tndtcators for assesstng capadty lnstltuUons W!lllng to become equttable part1clpatory research to capadty to use GA & PR melhods and ma1nstream tn GA & PR and organtzatlonal tnvolved In learntng and change by 1 promote leaming and change through them In thelr own organtzaUons. change. corruntttlng staff and budget to ustng partnershtps w!lh CG Centers. NARS. . The CG and NARS organJzaUons who have made . Impact-assessment studles. CA & PR methods. cont.rtbuUng to and civil soctety groups. so that they an attempt to matnstream gender analysts and . Externa! revlew reports . capaclty development of thelr can better target the demands of part1clpatory approaches have been able to better . Reports of collaboratlng members. and maktng the necessary beneficlary groups. partlcularly poor target the demands ofbeneflctary groups. instltutlons. organtzaUonaJ adjustments for rural women. part1cularly poor rural women. lntegraung such approaches lnto . A team of tratners, networked to support each thelr organtzatlons. other and provlde tratntng to others. ts 1 establlshed. . Process of tncorporatlng GA & PR tnto organtzatlonal pollctes and practlces well 1 underway In part1clpatlng ce Centers and partner tnstltutions. Project purpose . Effecttve approaches developed and dlssemlnated . Monttortng and evaluauon system . Donor comnutment to the PRGA lmprove the competendes ofthe ce for ma1nstreamtng GA & PR methods: methods tndtcators for assesstng capaclty Program constant over the 5-year System and collaboratlng tnstitutions recogntzed and understood by relevant senior in CA & PR and organtzatlonal pertod. lo matnstream lhe use of gender· management and staff: and betng applled change. . IARCs and other lnstitutlons sensitive part1clpatory approaches 1n approprtately by at least 70Yo of lnstltutlons . PRGA Program publlcatlons: collaborattng wtth the PRGA Program plant breedtng, and natural-resource supported by PRGA Program research and IARC annual revlews, reports and able to tnclude results In thelr management research. capadty building at the end of 5 years. publlcatlons. tnstltutlon's reports and annual . Impact of matnstreamt.ng GA & PR approaches . PubUshed results of PRGA revlews. documented tn muiUple studles. Program's impact stud!es. . Stakeholders willing to contribute . Results of PRGA Program actlvely to PRGA Prograro plannlng partnershlps. and evaluatton. . Externa! revtew reports . . Reports of collaborattng tnstitutions. 117 Narrative Summary Measurable Indicators Means of Verification lmportant Assumptlons Output 1 Capacity developed for maJnstreamtng . At least 12 robust partnershlps are fonned wtth . Monltortng and evaluatlon by the . Potentlal partner lnstltutions are gender analysls and equttable regional networks, prominent naUonal partners. PRGA Program. wtlltng and tnterested to collaborate partlcipatory research In selected Challenge Programs that have (or have the . Collaborators' reports . wtth the PRGA Program. CG Centers and NARS potentlal to have) considerable lmpact on the rural . PRGA Program's Annual Report . Wtth support from the PRGA poor by 2005. and webstte. Program, worktng groups are wllltng Specific outputs: • The nature of collaboration takes the fonn of and lnterested to collaborate wlth l . Strateglc partnershlps fonned wlth (1) exploitlng synergles In objectlves, (2) tak1ng dlfferent partners. organtzatlons that enable the opportunltles to conslderably expand the . Fundlng partners lnterested tn PRGA Program to have a major lntegratlon. or lmprove the quallty of, the supporUng frultful engagement wtth lmpact on: (a) lntegratlng GA & PR GA & PR practlced. or (3) lncorporating GA & PR partners. lnto agrtcultural and NRM research approaches where they would otherwtse be absent practice, and (b) enhanctng or weakly applled. methods and approaches that . GA. PPB and PNRM Worktng Groups are engaged help l.mprove the llvelihoods of In the partnershlp process, as reflected In thetr the very poor. partlcularly rural work plans by 2005. women. 2. Development of effecUve methods . Fteld traJntng manual for GA & PR. lA of ILAC. and . Publlshed fleld manual. . PotenUal partner lnsUtutlons are and capaclty for uslng GA & PR: 00 developed and wldely dlssemlnated. Thts • Tralnlng reports. wtlltng and lnterested to collaborate organtzational development (00) document should also provtde a brtef revtew of . Collaborators' reports . wtth the PRGA Program. concepts and skllls for ex1stlng GA & PR. lA, and 00 methods, and draw . PRGA Program's Annual Report . Fundtng partners lnterested In maJnstreamtng these approaches. on best practlces In developtng guldeltnes by and webstte. supporUng capactty building. and lmpact assessment (lA) of 2005. . PRGA Program publlcatlons . . lARCs and partner instltutlons wtlling lnstitutionallearning and change • At least 3 methods workshops held for GA, PR. lA . Workshop proceedings . to commlt budget and human (ILAC). of ILAC, and OD, traJntng a min1mum of resources for interna! capaclty 40 partlcipants In a vartety of "best practice" development. approaches; and follow-up support extended to parttcipants to enable them to contlnue change process in thelr respective lnstltuUons between 2004 and 2005. 3. Capacity of IARC and NARS . One traJnlng-of-trainers workshop held for GA. PR. . Workshop proceedlngs . . CG Centers and NARS interested In, scientists to use "best pracUce" for and lA of ILAC, traJnlng a minlmum of . Manuals produced from and contrtbuung budget and human GA, PR. and lA of ILAC, and 00 8 traJners In a vartety of "best practice" workshop outcomes. resources to, partlctpatlng In methods ls considerably approaches; and follow-up support extended to • PRGA Program's Annual Report workshops and host local follow-up slrengthened through tratnlng of trainers to enable them to provtde tra1ntng and and website. t.rain.l ng. tratners. technical support to sclentlsts in thetr tnstltutes in . Collaborators' reports . 2006. . At least 2 manuals produced on "best practlce" in GA, PR, lA of ILAC, and OD, based on workshop outcomes. One in 2004 and another In 2005. 118 NarrativeSummary Measurable Indlcaton Means of Verlfication Important Assum.ptlons 4. Evaluation studles are conducted . At least 10 collaboraUve action-research activtties . PRGA Program publlcatlons. . CG Centers and NARS lnterested In, to assess opportunltles and undertaken through strateglc partnerships . PhD dissertation . and contrtbutlng budget and human constratnts for mainstreamtng between 2005 and 2006. . PRGA Program webslte . resources to. partlclpatlng in GA & PR. and a plan of action for . Instltutlonal analysls conducted wtth lO partner • PRGA Program Annual Reports . workshops, and to leaming and lmplementation ls developed. instltuUons, and Mbest practlces" analyzed and . Collaborators' reports . change process. disseminated through publicatlons by 2005. . Mentor's reports . . An intemal working group ls formed to spearhead organ!zatlonal change and mainstream GA & PR in each particlpatlng tnsutuUon between 2005 and 2006. . Mentortng and capaclty building provtded to partner tnsUtut1ons to gulde and lend support to the matnstreamtng process between 2004 and 2007. 5. Assessment of effects of . Research results publlshed and dlsseminated on . Workshop proceeclings . . CG Centers and NARS interested in, mainstreamtng of GA & PR the process of instltutionallzatlon through . Manuals produced from and contrtbuting budget and human approaches through organlzatlonal organ.lzational change between 2005 and 2007. workshop output. resources to, participating In change. . PRGA Prograrn's Annual Report workshops, and to host local follow- and webslte. up tralnlng. . Collaborators· reports . Output 2 Evtdence of the lmpact of . At least 3 collaboratJve lmpact studles are . lA studles and methods . lARCs and partner tnsUtutlons wt!Ung partlclpatory research (PR) and conducted. including an analysls of lmpact of published as PRGA working to collaborate 1n lA. gender analysls (GA) methods different PR approaches under contrastlng documents. . F'unds available to conduct empirtcal assessed, and methods developed to condltlons-blophyslcal. instltutional. and pollcy . PRGA Program·s publicatlons, stud!es . perrnlt lmpact assessment (lA) results envtronments. Results are published as working bnefs, presentations, peer- to be effectively 1ntegrated into documents and 1n professtonal joumals between revtewed joumal artlcles, books, research-for-development decision- 2004 and 2007. webslte. maklng . Publ!shed results of 3 collaboraUve studles and . PRGA Annual Reports. workshop Jmpact of PR & GA methods dissemlnated to proceeclings. Specific outputs: CGIAR liaison contacts, PNRM and PPB Working l. Emplrtcal studles on PR methods Groups, CGIAR libraJ_"Ies. and donar communlty by 1n PB and NRM assessed. 2007. . Tirree research biiefs and PowerPoint presentatlons are prepared to highlight the recent evtdence on IA of GA & PR In general. and they are wtdely dlssemlnated to IARCs, NARS, and NGOs between 2005 and 2007. • Two international workshops are conducted to dlssemlnate results of emplrtcal tmpact studtes tn 2005 and in 2007. -----~ -------- 119 Na.rratlve Summary Measurable Iodicators Means ofVerificatlon UnportantAsswnptlons 2. Tools and methods developed and . CollaboraUve actlon research conducted wtth at . Publlshed studles (PRGA work1ng . Partner tnstitutions lnterested and dtssemtnated to enable sctentlsts least 4 CG and NARS partners to develop, test, documents) on lA tools and wtll!ng to partlclpate In actlon to capture lmpact of products (l. e. and assess methods for improvtng informatlon methods, and assessments of research . crop technologies and management resulting from lA (product and process lmpacts). their effectiveness in lmprovtng . Funding partners lnterested In practices) and lnnovation and assessing the contrtbution of lA to II.AC by the usefulness of lA and supporting these lnltiatlves. processes, and integrate learnlng 2007. s timulating organtzational from lA into research planntng and . Dlscusston paper on lA for ll.AC ls developed and leaming and change. research prtortty-settlng. made ava!lable to IARCs, NARS, and NGOs by . PRGA Program's Annual Reports 2007. and webslte. . Two lA capac!ty-development trainlng and . Collaborators' reports . methods leaming workshops are organtzed in 2005 and in 2006. Output 3 Communlcatlon strategies for . Site developed that ls frtendly and accessible to . Monthly webslte statlstlcs: . Users have the interest and time to learn!ng and change wtth partners users in developing countrtes wtth slow modem number of hlts, vtsitor sesslons. contrtbute to website content. connectlons between 2004 and 2005. and downloads. . A qualified lnd1vtdual Specific outputs: . Si te contains a rtch set of research findings and . Monltortng and evaluatlon system (communtcauons officer) is ldentlfied l. PRGA Program's lnteractive website resources that are relevant to users, and ls of the PRGA Program. to manage and update the site's launched and attracts a large and regularly updated between 2004 and 2007. contents. diverse range of users who not only . Donors interested in provtdlng read, but also contrtbute to the support for the technlcal development site's contents. of the new si te and the PRGA Program's capacity for communlcatlons. 2. Awareness of PRGA research . Systems In place to regularly publlcize new . PRGA lnfo Ustserv membershlp . PRGA Program has the capacity to results and other publlcatlons is GA & PR research results through PRGA-Info (number and profession). strengthen relationshtps wtth lts considerably helghtened, Ustserver. webslte, and prtnted copies to authors, . Monthly webslte statlstlcs, lialson contacts and ensure their partlcularly among agrtcultural donors, and CGIAR librarles by 2004, and partlcularly downloaded comrnltment to dtsseminatlng scientists. updated contlnuously un 2007. publlcatlons. lnformatlon on GA & PR. . PRGA Program·s lialson contacts regularly forward . Monltortng and evaluation system . A qualified ind1vtdual publiclty on PRGA to their Center sclentists of the PRGA Program. (communlcatlons officer) is ldentlfied between 2004 and 2007. to promote awareness. . New sources of dlstrtbution are ldentlfied by 2005. . Donors are interested in supporting . Membershtp of PRGA Info ltstserv doubles to the PRGA Program's capaclty for 800 members between 2005 and 2007. communlcatlons. 120 Narrative Summary Measurable lndicators Means of Veri.ftcation lmportant Aasumptlons 3. Rescarch results publ1shed in . Packagtng of research results In 1- to 2-page brtef . Mailing llst membershlp for brtefs . Donors interested In supportlng the media favored by non-academic forms, disseminated both as hard copy and (numbers and professlons). PRGA Program's capaclty for audlences and rescarchers not well electronlc form between 2004 and 2007. communtcatlons and mailing costs. acquatnted wlth the PRGA fteld. . Mailing !1st buill to include lARC and NARS . A qual1fied individual sclenUsts. NGO pracUtloners, civil soclety (communlcaUons officer) ls ldenUfied organtzauons, and pollcy-makers, between 2004 to prepare brtefs from PRGA and 2007. Program's rescarch publlcatlons. ----- - 121 Output Targets Report for 2005 Science Councll Performance Measurement System Output Output Target 2005 Categoryl Output 1 • At least 12 robust partnershtps Practlces Ca pacity developed for are fonned with regional mainstreamtng gender networks, prominent natlonal analysis (GA) and equitable partners, Challenge Programs partlcipatory research (PR) in that have (or have the potential selected CG Centers and to have) considerable impact on NARS the rural poor. • GA, Partlcipatory Plant Breeding Practlces l. Strategic partnerships (PPB) and Partlcipatory NRM fonned with organizatlons (PNRM) Working Groups (WGs) that enable the PRGA are engaged in the partnership Program to have a major process, as reflected in their impact on: (a) integrattng work plans. PR and GA into agricultura! and natural- resources management (NRM) research practlce, and (b) enhancing methods and approaches that help improve the ltvelihoods of the very poor, partlcularly rural women 2. Development of effective • Field tratning manual for PR and Materials methods and capacity for GA, lA of ILAC, and 00 using PR and GA: developed and widely organtzational development disseminated . This document (OD) concepts and skills for should also provide a brief mainstreamtng these review of existlng PR and GA. IA. approaches, andirnpact and OD methods, and draw on assessment (lA) of best practices in developing instltutlonallearning and guidelines . change (ILAC) • At least three methods Capactty workshops held for GA. PR, lA of ILAC. and 00, training a mínimum of 40 partlcipants in a vartety of Mbest practice" approaches; and follow-up support extended to participants to enable them to continue change process in their respective institutions. Achieved (yes or no) Y es No -the Program has been rethinking the role of the WG Facilitators, andhas been instructed by its Advisory Board to develop a new strategyfor WGs in2006 No -postponed to 2007.because lessons jrom .final workshop (June 2006) wiUfeed into the Manual Y es l. Categories of output targets to be used are: Materials. Policy strategies. Practices. Capacity. and other kinds of knowledge. 122 -Output OUtput Target 2005 Categoryl Achieved (yes or no) 3. Capacity of IARC and • At least 2 manuals produced on Matertals No NARS scientists to use Mbest practice" in PR and GA, IA -postponed to Mbest practice" for GA. PR. of ILAC, and OD, based on 2007.because IA of ILAC, and OD workshop outcomes. /essons from methods is considerably firtal workshop strengthened through (June 2006) training of trainers willjeed tnto the Manuals 4. Evaluation studies are • Institutional analysis conducted Matertals/ No conducted to assess w1th 10 partner lnstitutions, and other kind of -6 analyses opportunities and Mbest practices~ analyzed and knowledge complete; constraints for disseminated through 2publlshed mainstreaming PR and GA, publicatlons. and a plan of action for implementation is • Mentortng and capacity-buildtng Capacity Y es developed provided to 8 partner institutions to guide and lend support to the mainstreamtng process. 5. Assessment of effects of • Research results publ1shed and Matertals No mainstreaming of PR and disseminated on the process of -on schedule GA approaches through institutionalization through j or 2007 organizational change organi.Zational change between 2005 and 2007. OUtput 2 • At least 3 collaborative impact Matertals Y es Evidence of the impact of PR studies are conducted, including - tnjact. and GA methods assessed, an analys!s of impact of different 5 stud.les and methods developed to PR approaches under conducted and pennit IA results to be contrasting conditions- pubUshedas effectlvely lntegrated into biophysical, instltutional, and worktng research-for-development policy environments. Results are d.ocwnents decision-making published as working documents and In professional joumals 1. Empirtcal s tudies on PR between 2004 and 2007. methods in PB and NRM • Published results of 3 Matertals Y es assessed collaboratlve studies and impact -tnjact. 4 of PR and GA methods dissem1nated to CGIAR liaison contacts, PNRM- and PPB-WG. CGIAR librartes, and donor comrnunity by 2007. • Intemational workshops Capacity/ Y es conducted to disseminate results other kinds of of empirtcal impact studies . knowledge 123 ' Output Output Target 2005 Category• Achieved (yes or no) 2. Tools and methods • lA capactty-development trainlng Capaclty Y es developed and and methods leamtng workshop dissemtnated to enable organtzed. sctentlsts to capture impact of products (Le. crop technologies and management practices) and lnnovatlon processes, and lntegrate leaming from lA tnto research plannlng and research prtorlty-settlng Output 3 • Site developed that is frtendly Other ldnds Y es Communication strategtes for and accessible to users in of knowledge leaming and change with developing countrles wtth slow partners modem connecUons. • Site regularly updated wtth Practlces Y es l . PRGA Program's interactlve research findings and resources website launched and that are relevant to users. as attracts a large and dtverse these become available. range of users who not (Max:imum availability of PRGA only read , but also and partner publicatlons and contrlbute to the site's gray literature.) contents 2 . Awareness of PRGA • Systems in place to regularly Practlces Y es research results and other publictze new PR and GA publicatlonsis research results through PRGA constderably heightened, Info Listserver, web, and prlnted particularly among copies to authors, donors and agrlcultural scientlsts CGIAR librarles. • New sources of distrlbution are Frac tices Y es ldentified. 3. Research results published • Packagtng of research results in Materlals No In media favored by non- 1- to 2-page brtef forms , -Output academic audiences and dissemlnated both as hard copy expected In researchers not well and electronlc form between 2007 acquainted wlth the PR 2004 and 2007. and GA field • Mailing list built to include IARC Practtces Y es and NARS sclentists, NGO practitloners, civil soclety organtzations, and policy- makers, between 2004 and 2007. 124 Research Highlights in 2004-2005 Output 1: Capacity Developed for Mainstreaming Gender Analysis and Equitable Participatory Research in Selected CG Centers and NARS Output Targets 2005 • At least 12 robust partnerships are formed with regional networks, prorninent national partners, Challenge Programs that have (or have the potential to have) considerable impact on the rural poor. • GA, Partlcipatory Plant Breeding (PPB) and Participatory NRM (PNRM) Working Groups (WGs) are engaged in the partnership process, as reflected in their work plans. • Field training manual for PR and GA, IA of ILAC. and OD developed and widely disseminated. This document should also provide a brief review of existing PR and GA, lA, and OD methods, and draw on best practices in developing guidelines. • At least three methods workshops held for GA, PR, IA of ILAC, and OD, training a mirúmum of 40 participants in a variety of "best practice" approaches; and follow-up support extended to participants to enable them to continue change process in their respective institutions. • At least 2 manuals produced on "best practice" in PR and GA, IA of ILAC, and OD, based on workshop outcomes. • Institutional analysis conducted with 10 partner institutions, and "best practlces" analyzed and disseminated through publlcations. • Mentortng and capacity-building provided to 8 partner institutions to guide and lend support to the mainstreaming process. • Research results published and disseminated on the process of ínstitutionallzation through organizational change between 2005 and 2007. Training • CIAT/Ajrica traíning onparticipatory research and gender analysis oj AjNet: Workshop in collaboration with Tropical Soil Biology and Fertilíty Institute (CIAT/TSBF) to develop skills and knowledge of scientists belonging to the African Network for Soil Biology and Fertiltty (AfNet) in fanner-participatory research and scaling-up. (See also Courses and seminars.) • ASARECA LOOrkshop on strategic planningjor gender analysis and organization change: Second workshop (of three) for change-agents involved in mainstreaming gender analysis in eight NARS. Comprised assessment of gaps in ongoing research: design of strategies for gender analysis, and organtzational development for mainstreaming; development of morútoring and evaluation indicators for mainstreaming; and development of actlon plans for implementing organizational development. (See also Courses and serninars.} • Participatory plant breeding book: The Participatory Plant Breeding Working Group planned to publish a book on plant breeding With emphasis on participatory methodology. as recommended in 2002. A draft outline was circulated and 18 of a projected 27 contrtbutions had been received by the end of 2005. The book will be (co-) published by (With) FAO. 125 • Participatory plant breeding: Various lectures and courses held in Eritrea, ltaly. Jordan and Mexico (see Workshop and conference papers. presentations and posters. proceedings) • Raising awareness of participatory plant breeding: Presentations made in Syria and Iran (see Workshop and conference papers. presentations and posters. proceedings) . Collaborative action research CGIAR Institutional analysis to identify opportunities and constraints jor mainstreaming gender analysis in ILRI: Research Theme representatives met in March 2005 to reflect on the role of PR and GA within ILRI. and to learn about matnstreaming methods. An e-mail discussion among key sctentlsts and PRGA focused on strategies for institutional assessment of PR and GA. One or two ILRI staff will implement the instltutional analysis, while ensurtng engagement of a wide ILRI audience. A protocol for a gender audit andan action plan for mainstreaming were destgned. and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between ILRI and PRGA. Quality of participatory research and gender analysis at ICRAF: Without formal policy. strategy or conceptual model. participatory research has become integral to ICRAF's work, reflectlng a diversity of methods. quality and outputs (mainly a result of ICRAF's decentralized working mode and rather weak intemallearning and exchange mechanisms). ICRAF emphasizes work with and through partners to ensure impact and sustainability, while focusing on its strengths as an intemational organization. Meanwhile, gender Issues are more vartably integrated tnto the Center's work. A number of areas have been highlighted where improvements could be made in all these areas. Mainstreaming gender analysis in the research process of CIP: Workshop on "Women feeding cities: Gender malnstrearning In urban agrtculture and urban food securtty," co-organized by CIP's Urban Harvest program and RUAF in September 2004 (part-funded by PRGA). Strategy for gender mainstrearning (developed by Urban Harvest under 2004 PRGA grant) will be pilot-tested. CIP has committed itself to gender malnstreaming. Activities involving PRGA, Urban Harvest, CIP and at least ene East Afrtcan NARI will feed into the development of a framework for the application of gender analysts throughout CIP's research agenda. Assessment oj capacity deuelopmentfor participatory and gender analysis among !CARDA and its partner institutions: The domlnant view of PR and GA among ICARDA and partner researchers is that of functionality-improving the efficiency, effectlveness and impact of research; and prtmarily based on researcher-generated technologies. Within !CARDA, researchers are divided between those who favor a multidisciplinary approach (handling research from a variety of dlsciplinary perspectives, which tends to assign PR responsibility to social scientlsts on the team) and those who favor an interdisciplinary approach (integrating concepts and methodologies from vartous disciplines and perspectives into a common framework, which tends to result in shared responsibility for PR). Concems raised lncluded the following: institutional-more support needed from management; methodological-lack of clear methods, especially for data collection and analysis: integration-would like to see lntegration across disciplines, projects and with 126 other actors (e.g. NARS, NGOs, private sector); capacity-insufficient in-house expertise in PR and GA, too few women researchers; and capacíty development. ICARDA uses díverse approaches for capacity development (e.g. workshops, fleldwork, on-the-job training), which is aimed primarily at NARS researchers and research assistants-ICARDA has a large fonnal trainlng program (320 people trained in 2005). Lessons have been leamed, but there is room for improvement (the assessment made recommendations). Regional networks, NARS, NGOs and universities Mapping gend.er mainstreaming at CARE La.ns: An 8-month study documented organizational "best practices" for mainstreaming gender; identified opportuníties and constraints for mainstream1ng; and identifled key areas for further input. CARE Laos has come a long way in a short time (less than 3 years). The study made 1 O recommendatlons for the next steps in the gender-mainstreamtng process. Assessing participatory leaming and action in China (China Agricultura! University): The final Learning Workshop was postponed to February 2006, which willlead to a comprehensive assessment of outcomes and an action plan. Institutionalizing gend.er-responsive research and development in agriculture and natural-resource management research through women's networks (Eastem Himalayas Network}: A comprehenslve planning workshop was held in October 2005, anda second workshop was scheduled for February 2006. Output 2: Evidence of the Impact of Participatory Research and Gender Analysis Methods .Assessed, and Methods Developed to permit Impact-assessment Results to Be Effectively Integrated .. fnto Research-for-development Decision-making Output Targets 2005 • At least 3 collaborative impact studies are conducted. including an analysis of lmpact of different PR approaches under contrasting condítions-biophysical, institutional, and policy environments. Results are published as working documents and in professional joumals between 2004 and 2007. • Published results of 3 collaborative studies and impact of PR & GA methods disseminated to CGIAR liaison contacts, PNRM and PPB Working Groups, CGIAR librarles, and donor community by 2007. • Three research brtefs and PowerPoint presentations are prepared to highlight the recent evidence on IA of GA and PR in general, and they are widely dissemtnated to • IARCs, NARS, and NGOs between 2005 and 2007. • Two intematlonal workshops are conducted to disseminate results of empiricalimpact studies in 2005 and in 2007. • Collaborative actlon research conducted with at least 4 CG and NARS partners to develop, test, and assess methods for improving infonnation resulting from IA (product and process impacts) , and assessing the contribution of lAto ILAC by 2007. • Discussion paper on lA for ILAC is developed and made available to IARCs, NARS. and NGOs by 2007. • Two IA capacity-development training and methods leaming works hops are organized in 2005 and in 2006. 127 Empirical studies • Participatory research projects at CIMMYT: Eighteen CIMMYT scientists reported on 19 self-deflned PR projects. The most conunon goal is increasing productivity, and the main motivation for using PR is to understand farmers' preferences better: primary beneflciaries are marginal farmers, but these are not generally disaggregated by gender. An "averageM CIMMYT PR project lasts for less than 5 years, has an annual budget less than US$100,000, works in either Africa or Asia, and has six project sites. involving 400 farmers and 8 scientists (this "average M masks a great deal of variation). The majority use functional types of PR-divided between tncreased relevance through knowledge of farmers' preferences and constratnts. and improved dissemination. However, interaction among PR projects is limited, as is experience-sharing-areas that are highlighted for potential investment. especially given CIMMITs dedication of about US$9 mtllion per year to projects with PR components. The report lays the groundwork for further advances at CIMMYT. • Assessing impacts of fanner participatory research approaches-A case study of local agricultura! research committees (CIALs) in Colombia: Prelimtnary results show signiflcant social and human capital benefits for CIAL members, who leamed more about agrtculture, experimented with new technology, and were seen as experts and advisors in thetr communities. They had improved communtcation and leadership sktlls. and increased relationships with neighbors and outside institutions. They experimented more with new crops. leamed new skills, and had higher levels of commttment to their communities, which in tum led to increased communtty participatlon. Where CIALs had identifled new technology and converted tnto commercial seed producers, communities beneflted from easy access. • Participatory cassava breeding in northeast Braza: Four communities involved in an 8- year cassava-breeding project were surveyed in 2002. Project participants proved to be representative of their communities in most characteristics (except for area planted to maize, income from processed cassava and tncome from non-cassava crop sales), despite representivity not being an original selection criterion. However. women were overlooked by the project, whose contribution in selecting varietles for dumpling production was therefore missed. Adoption rates were high after 4 years. although sorne farmers had tried and rejected experimental varieties. Sorne 44% of farmers were willing to pay for planting material, although this is not common practice. However. no large increases in yield or revenue were reported-but this should be viewed in the context of declining cassava yields, whereby adoption had stabilized yields. Reports of increased time devoted to cassava production are likely to be a direct result of increased area. stnce no labor-saving technologies were introduced by the project. • Impact of participatory natural-resource management research in cassava-based • cropping systems in Vietnam and ThaUand: Data were collected from 800 farm households from 16 villages: 4 that participated in a 10-year farmer participatory research project and 4 that did not from each country. The cassava technologies themselves (conservation techniques. management options and varietles) and farmer knowledge (measured by project participation) signiflcantly affected adoption and productivity. Whereas 100% of project farmers adopted technologies in Thatland, only about 50% of project farmers in Vietnam di d. The differences between participant and non-participant farmers were smaller in Thailand. The impact assessment was hampered by lack of a baseline survey. which also restricted rate of retum analysis to financia! analysis. 128 • Institutional impacts oj the cassava participatory research and extension project in Thailand and Vietnam 1993-2004: Five focus-group discussions were conducted in 2004, comprising two disciplinary groups (research and extension) in Thailand and three geographical groups in Vietnam, to identify positive project impacts and hindrances to greater success. The impacts (benefits) and hindrances (constraints) were then ranked by each group. Beneftts, Thailand: Both researchers (28%) and extension workers (22%) appreciated irnproved work management; extension workers perceived 62% of benefits from a combination of improved efficiency and motivation, while scientists felt that 55% of benefits arose from increased scientific and professional knowledge and understanding of farmers and their envtronments combined. Beneftts, Vietnam: All three groups highlighted improved scientlftc and professional knowledge (25-30%), and improved management (14-23%); two groups allocated 18-28% to each of efficiency and understanding of farmers and their envtronments, while the third group allocated 37% and 8%, respectlvely, to these benefits; all three groups allocated less than 8% to irnproved motlvatlon. Constraints, Thailand: Both researchers (35%) and extension workers (49%) saw intemal management issues as the single most important instltutlonal constraint to greater success; both groups perceived similar. relatively low, level of constraint coming from extemal economic and market conditions or lack of knowledge; divergence was shown in operating budgets (31% extension v. 2% research) and govemment policies (18% extension v. 29% research). Constraints, Vietnam: The two groups that included universitles saw knowledge and informatlon as the major constraint (33% and 48%), while the remaining group highlighted operating budget (23%, cf. less than 8% in the university- inclusive groups): two groups highlighted externa! economic and market conditlons second (30% and 35%). whlle the third group considered this ofno signiftcance. Development and dissemination of tools and methods, capacity-building • lmpact Assessment Workshop, website and eLectronic discussion group jor impact- assessors: The workshop, co-organtzed with CIMMYT in October 2005, provided 25 empirical impact-assessment studJes, which used a valiety of approaches and methods. These studies, together with summalies of discussions, are available via the PRGA website in the form of draft papers and presentatlons. Particular highlights were: the need to "build on the positive" -leaming from the positlve experiences of others (rather than dissecting "what went wrong" all the time); the realization that there is no "one way" of doing impact assessment of partlcipatory R&D. and that principies are more easily transferable than methods in many cases; that it is profitable to include all types of stakeholders (especially end-users and donors) in planning for and conducting impact assessment; that impact-assessors need time to reflect on their results; that effective communlcation of results is vital. As a dírect spin-off from the workshop, we established an electron1c dtscussion forum for continued shartng and instltutionalleaming. 129 • Annotated bibliography ojparticipatory research and gender analysis in agricultural and natural-resource management research: The draft bibliography (including abstracts) comprtses 97 refereed journal artlcles covertng impact (empirical results). practlce (how projects were implemented) and (assessments oO methodologies. Publicatlon is scheduled for the flrst half of 2006. • Participatory development of a methodology jor strengthening social networks: CIAT worked with two CIALs to develop a partlcipatory methodology to help make rural innovatlon ecologies visible. help identlfy interventlons for strengthening social networks. and help monitor and evaluate subsequent interventlons. The nature and importance of social networks were explored with partlcipatlng groups; a social- network questionnatre was destgned: the networks were subjected to mapping and participatory analysis; and a strategic plan was designed on the basis of the analysis. The two CIALs are currently tmplementing their strategic plans. It rematns to be seen whether the prototype can be applied to non-CIAL groups that do not have prior interest in PR. Meanwhlle. the maps generated are being used as communication and flnd-raising tools by the groups. • Generations Challenge Program (GCP): GCP aims to capitalize on the genomic revolution to beneflt the world's poorest farmers. It needs to ensure that its research products are adopted. adapted and applied for the ultlmate benefit of resource-poor farmers. A PRGA representative attended a meeting of one of the subprograms of the GCP, providing input into the GCP's delivery strategy document. • Water Challenge Program: A project on the water productlvity of crops in the Atbara basin of Eritrea was initiated in May 2004. PRGA ts providtng social-science backstopptng to support the NARS. especially in setting up an impact-assessment plan and implementlng it over the next 5 years. Output 3: Communication Strategies for Learning and Change with Partners Output Targets 2005 • Website developed that is frtendly and accessible to users in developing countrtes with slow modem connections. • Website regularly updated with research flndings and resources that are relevant to users. as these become avallable. (Maximum availability of PRGA and partner publicatlons and gray literature.) • Systems in place to regularly publicize new PR and GA research results through PRGA Info Listserver, web. and prtnted copies to authors, donors and CGIAR librarles. • New sources of distrtbution are identifled. • Packaging of research results in 1- to 2-page brtef forms, dissemtnated both as hard copy and electronic form between 2004 and 2007. • Mailing list built to include IARC and NARS scientlsts, NGO practitloners, civil society organizations. and policy-makers. between 2004 and 2007. Website • Spot-checking showed 158 users accessing website at one time in November 2005; however. users' contributlons remain few. 130 • A sub-website for outcomes of the Impact Assessment Workshop was launched in October 2005, containing draft papers. presentations. abstracts and notes of discussions held at the workshop. • The resource base is frequently added to, including a drive to have all PRGA Program and staff publicatlons available for download. Dissemination of research results to peers • PRGA Newsletter was relaunched in September 2005, carrying notices of publlcatlons, web-based resources. meetings. etc. It is currently in electronic format only and sent out on PRGA Info listserv. • A draft communlcations strategy propases that PDF versions of publlcatlons be made available on CD-ROM to those with slow Internet access. • A drtve to ratlonalize the Program's listservs, so that PRGA Info acts as primary mailing list and others remain as discussion forums met with sorne problems; namely. that sorne users chose to end their subscriptions, and the most animated discussion of the year took place on PRGA Info. PRGA Info ended the year with 600 members. • Vartous presentatlons were gtven at scientiflc forums (see Workshop and conference papers, presentatlons and posters. proceedings). • An article on participatory plant breeding was published in the electronic newsletter, Plant Breeding News. Dissemination of research results to non-specialist audiences • A 4-page summary of the Impact Assessment Workshop, and a half-page piece on the Program's role in mainstreaming participatory research and gender analysis were prepared for the CGIAR Annual General Meeting. • Updatlng of PRGA-Info subscribers' tnformation is in progress. Indicators (Publlcations) Refereedjoumal articles Mangione D; Senni S; Puccioni M; Granda S: Ceccarelli S, in press. The cost of participatory barley breeding. Euphytica. in press. Westermann O; Ashby JA; Pretty J. 2005. Gender and social capital: The importance of gender differences for the maturity and effectiveness of natural resource management groups. World Deuelopment 33(11): 1783-1799. Book chapters and books Averill D: Lilja N; Manners G, in prep. Participatory Research and Gender Analysis in Agrtcultural and Natural Resource Management Research: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Literature. PRGA Program, Call, Colombia, in prep. 131 Braun AR, 2005. Beyond the problem-solvtng approach to sustainable rural development. In: Gonsalves J; Becker T; Braun A; Campilan D: De Chavez H; Fajber E; Kapiriri M: Rivaca-Caminade J: Vemooy R (ed.) Partlcipatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management: A Sourcebook. Volume 1: Understanding Participatory Research and Development. Intemational Patato Center - Users' Perspectlves With Agricultura! Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD). Laguna, The Philippines and Intemational Development Research Centre (IDRC). Ottawa, Canada. Pp. 129-134. Ceccarelli S; Granda S, 2005. Decentralized participatory plant breeding: A case from Syria. In: Gonsalves J ; Becker T; Braun A; Campilan D; De Chavez H; Fajber E: Kapiriri M: Rivaca-Caminade J; Vemooy R (ed.) Partlcipatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management: A Sourcebook. Volume 1: Understandtng Participatory Research and Development. Intemational Patato Center - Users' Perspectlves With Agricultura! Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD), Laguna. The Philippines and Intematlonal Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa. Canada. Pp. 193-199. Dalton T; Lilja N; Johnson N: Howeler R. in press. lmpact of participatory natural resource management research in cassava-based cropping systems in Vietnam and Thailand. In: Ztlbennan D: Waibel H (ed.) The Impact of Natural Resource Management Research in the CGIAR. CAB Intematlonal, Wallingford, UK. In press. Gonsalves J; Becker T; Braun A; Campilan D: De Chavez H: Fajber E: Kapiriri M; Rivaca- Caminade J; Vemooy R (ed.). 2005. Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management: A Sourcebook. Volume 1: Understanding Partlcipatory Research and Development. Volume 2: Enabling Partlcipatory Research and Development. Volume 3: Doing Partlcipatory Research and Development. Intematlonal Patato Center- Users' Perspectlves With Agricultura! Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD). Laguna, The Philippines and Intemational Development Research Centre (IDRC). Ottawa, Canada. Gurung B. 2005. Organizatlonalimplicatlons for mainstreaming participatory research and gender analysis. In: Gonsalves J; Becker T: Braun A; Campilan D; De Chavez H: Fajber E: Kapiriri M: Rivaca-Caminade J; Vemooy R (ed.). 2005. Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management: A Sourcebook. Volume 2 : Enabling Participatory Research and Development. Intematlonal Patato Center- Users' Perspectlves With Agricultura! Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD), Laguna. The Philippines and lntematlonal Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada. Pp. 133-138. Roothaert R: Kerrtdge P. 2005. Adoptlon and scaling out- experiences of the Forages for Smallholders Project in South-east Asia. In: C. Conroy (ed.) Participatory Livestock Research: A Guide. Intennedtate Technology Development Group (ITDG). Warwickshire, UK. Pp. 225--236. Roothaert R; Kaaria S. 2004. Issues and strategtes for gotng to scale: A case study of the forages for smallholders project in the Ph1lippines. In: D. Pachico (ed.) Scaling Up and Out: Achievtng Widespread Impact Through Agricultura! Research. CIAT. Cali, Colombia. 132 Thiele G; Braun A:. Edson Gandarillas E, 2005. Fanner field schools and local agrtcultural research committees as complementary platforms: New challenges and opportunities. In: Gonsalves J; Becker T; Braun A; Campilan D; De Chavez H: Fajber E; Kapiriri M; Rivaca-Caminade J; Vemooy R (ed.) Partictpatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agrtculture and Natural Resource Management: A Sourcebook. Volume 3: Doing Participatory Research and Development. Intemational Patato Center- Users' Perspectives With Agrtcultural Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD). Laguna, The Phllippines and Intemational Development Research Centre (IDRC). Ottawa, Canada. Pp. 142-152. Van Mele P: Braun AR, 2005. Importance of Methodologtcal Dtverstty in Research and Development Innovation Systems. In: Gonsalves J; Becker T; Braun A:. Campilan D; De Chavez H; Fajber E; Kapiriri M; Rivaca-Camtnade J; Vemooy R (ed.) Partictpatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agrtculture and Natural Resource Management: A Sourcebook. Volume 1: Understanding Participatory Research and Development. Intemational Patato Center- Users· Perspectives With Agrtcultural Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD). Laguna, The Philippines and Intemational Development Research Centre (IDRC}, Ottawa, Canada. Pp. 151-156. Workshop and coriference papers, presentations and posters, proceedings Amede T; Mengtstu S; Roothaert R. Intensification of Uvestock feed production in Ethiopian highlands: Potential and expertences of the Afrtcan Highlands lnitiative. Paper presented at the 19th Ethiopian Veterinary Associatlon Annual conference, June 8, 2005, Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopta. Aw-Hassan A. Participatory research. Lecture at the Consultative Workshop on Partictpatory Plant Breeding (CONPAB) a Specific Support Action funded by the European Commission (Contract no. INCO-CT-2003-502444), Apr11- May 2005, Aleppo, Syrta. Ceccarelli S. Participatory plant breedíng. Lecture presented at the Workshop on ~Barley research in Iran: Priorities and strategtes," July 2005, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII). Karaj, Iran. Ceccarelli S. Participatory plant breeding. Lecture at the Changes Agent in Rural Development training course, August 2005, C. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. Ceccarelli S. Participatory plant breeding and drought resistance. Seminar presented at Comell University, USA, November 2005. Ceccarell1 S . Participatory plant breeding-An example of demand-dr1ven research. Lecture at the European Seminar on MSeeds Libera te Diverstty, ft November 24-25, 2005, Poitiers, France. Ceccarelli S; Granda S. Partictpatory plant breedlng. Lectures at the Consultative Workshop on Participatory Plant Breeding (CONPAB) a Specific Support Action funded by the European Commission (Contract no. INCO-CT-2003-502444), Aprtl-May 2005, Aleppo, Syrta. 133 Ceccarelli S; Grando S. Workshop on "Recognitlon. Access. and Benefit Sharing in Partlcipatory Plant Breeding. M August 2005. Amman, Jordan. (Supported by IDRC.) Ceccarelli S; Grando S. 2005. Decentralized-partlcipatory plant breeding. In: Tuberosa R: Phillips RL; Gale M (ed.) Proceedings of the Intemational Congress "In the Wake of the Double Helix: From the Green Revolution to the Gene Revolution." May 27-31. 2003. Bologna. Italy. Avenue Media. Bologna. Pp. 145-156. Ceccarelli S; Grando S. Participatory plant breeding: A fast track to vartety development. Paper presented at the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Meeting. November 2005. Salt Lake City. Utah, USA. Ceccarelli S; Grando S; Baum M. Participatory plant breeding in water-limited environments. Paper presented at the 2nd Intemational Conference on Integrated Approaches to Sustain and Improve Plant Productlon under Drought Stress (INfERDROUGHT II). September 24-28. 2005, Rome, Italy. Dalton T: Liija N; Johnson N: Howeler R. Impact of partlcipatory natural resource management research in cassava-based cropping systems in Vietnam and Thailand. Paper presented at the joint meeting of the Integrated Natural Resource Management Group (INRM) and CGIAR Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA). June 13-19, 2005. Intemational Rice Research Instltute (IRRI). Los Baños. The Philippines. Dalton T: Lilja N; Johnson N; Howeler R. Human capital accumulation and productlvity improvements in Asian cassava systems: Are partlcipatory research approaches beneficia!? Paper presented at the American Agricultura} Economics Association meeting. July 24-27. 2005, Providence. Rhode Island, USA. Dalton T; Ltlja N; Johnson N: Howeler R. Impact of participatory natural resource management research in cassava-based cropping systems in Vietnam and Thailand. Paper presented at CIAT. Cali. Colombia, November 16. 2005. Delve J; Roothaert R. How can smallholder farmer-market linkages enhance improved technology options and natural resource management strategtes? Paper presented at NARO conference, September 2004. Kampala, Uganda. Feldstein HS. Gender differences in productlon and supply elasticities. Paper presented at the IFPRI Gender Impact Seminar, November 2-3. 2004, IFPRI, Washington. DC. USA. Joachim V; Gurung B. Escaping the rural poverty trap: What do private sector and gender have to do with it? The contributlons of gender-based approaches and private-public partnerships in rural enterprises to reduce poverty. Paper presented at the Canadian Intemational Development Agency (CIDA), Canada. September 14, 2005. Kaaria S; Lilja N; Sandoval V: Garcia J; Hincapié F. Assessing impacts of farmer partlcipatory research approaches: A case study of local agrtcultural research committees in Colombia. Paper presented at Impact Assessment Workshop. October 19-21. 2005. CIMMYf. Mexico. DF. 134 Lilja N. Reframing impact assessment and evaluation. Keynote presentation at Impact Assessment Workshop. October 19-21, 2005, CIMMYT, Mextco, DF. Maatougui M. Work.shop on "Participatory Plant Breeding," Algiers, Algerta, December 24, 2005. Supported by the European Comrnission (Contract no. INCO-CT-2003-502444) as Specific Support Actlon. Mustafa Y; Granda S; Ceccarelli S. Benefit-cost analysis of a partlcipatory breeding prograrn in Syria. Paper presented at Impact Assessment Workshop, October 19-21. 2005, CIMMYf, Mextco, DF. Roothaert R. Forage utilisatlon in smallholder systems - Afrtcan and S.E. Asian perspectives. Paper presented ata Work.shop on strategies for ensuring clean germplasm for distribution and use, October 3, 2005, ILRI. Addls Ababa. Ethiopia. Roothaert R; Binh L; Magboo E; Yen V; Saguinhon J . 2005. Participatory forage technology development in Southeast Asia. In: Yimegnuhal A; Degefa T (ed.) Partícipatory Innovatíon and Research: Lessons jor Livestock Development Proceedings of the 12th Annual conference of the Ethiopian Soctety of Arúmal Production (ESAP) held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopta, August 12-14, 2004, vol. 1: Plenary Session. Ethiopian Society of Animal Production. Addis Ababa. Pp. 21-30. Working Documents Dalton T; Lilja N; Johnson N; Howeler R. 2005. Impact of participatory natural resource management research in cassava-based cropping systems in Vietnam and Thailand. Working Document No. 23 (revised). PRGA Program. Cali, Colombia. 27p. Gabriel J; Herbas J; Salazar M; Rulz J; López J; Villarroel J; Cossio D. 2004. Participatory plant breeding: A new challenge in the generation and approprtation of patato varieties by farmers in Bolivia. Working Document No. 22. PRGA Program. Cali. Colombia. 22p. Saad N; Lilja N; Fukuda W. in press. Participatory cassava breeding in Northeast Brazil: Who adopts the new varteties and why? Working Document No. 24. PRGA Program. Cali, Colombia. 27p. In press. Reports Braun A, 2005. Assessment of capacity development for partlcipatory research and gender analysis among !CARDA and partner lnstltutions. Report for PRGA Program by PAIDEIA Resources. Nelson, New Zealand. 63p. Calkins P; Thao V, 2005 . Institutional impacts of the Cassava Farmer Particlpatory Research and Extension Project in Thailand and Vietnam, 1993-2004 . PRGA Prograrn, Cali, Colombia. 66p. Lilja N; Sellan M. in press. Participatory research projects at the Intemational Malze and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). PRGA Program. Cal!. Columbia. and CIMMYT. Mextco. DF. 43p. In press. 135 Special Projects New proposals approved in 2005 • Institutionalizing Social and Gend.er Analysisfor Pouerty Alleuiation in.Agrícultural Research and Deuelopment in the Eastem Himalayas Region. funded by IDRC. 2005--2008; total value US$162,710. Ongoing special projects in 2005 • Deuelopment of Participatory Research Methods at CIMMYT. a collaborative study between PRGA Program and CIMMYT. funded by CIMMYT; total value US$30.000: amount available to PRGA in 2005 US$30,000. • New Partnershipfor Africa's Deuelopment (NEPAD) project, Eastem and Central Ajrica, funded by CIDA; total value US$654,000; amount available to partners in 2005 US$161.455; amount available to PRGA in 2005 US$346,600. • Ins titutionalizing Social and Gend.er Analysis jor Pouerty Alleuiation in Agricultura! Research and Deuelopment in the Eastem Himalayas Region, funded by IDRC; total value US$162,710; amount avallable to partners in 2005 US$60,360. Capacity-building Courses and seminars* Title/subject J Dates Locatlon ~~ No. tralnees/ ·, partlclpants Techntcal aspects of parttctpa tory Feb-Apr Eritrea 15 plant breedtng Consultative workshop on Apr 24 to May 14 Aleppo. Syrta 6 countries parttcipatory plant breeding Exploitlng plant adaptation and June 21-22 Florence, Italy 9 particlpants from btodiverstty for higher and more 4 countrtes stable ytelds-contribution on participatory plant breeding Partictpatory research and gender (2 weeks) Kenya 39 analysts (CIAT-AfNet) Strategtc planning for gender July 4-15 ILRI, Addis Ababa, 17 analysis and organization change Ethtopla (ASARECA) Recognttlon, access, and benefit August Amman. Jordan 109 shartng In partlcipatory plant breeding Impact assessment workshop October 19-21 CIMMYf, Texcoco. 34 Mexico • See also Workshop and conference papers, presentations and posters, proceedings. 136 Vtsiting NARS scientists None. Postgraduate students supervised None. Staff List Senior sta.ff Barun Gurung. PhD Anthropology Senior Sclentlst Coordinator, PRGA Program (100% PRGA) USA Nina Lilja, PhD Agricultura! Economics Senior Scientlst Impact Assessment (100% PRGA) USA Ralph Roothaert, PhD Crop and Weed Ecology Senior Scientlst Forages for Smallholders Project, Joint appointment PRGA and ILRI. Addis Ababa. Ethlopia (50% PRGA) Ethiopia Ann Braun, •• PhD Ecology Facilitator, PRGA Participatory Natural Resource Management Worktng Group (50% PRGA) United Kingdom Salvatore Ceccarelli, PhD Plant Breeding Facilitator. PRGA Participatory Plant Breeding Worktng Group (50% PRGA) Syria Hilary Sims Feldsteln, MPA Facilitator. PRGA Gender Analysts Working Group (50% PRGA) USA Guy Manners, • BSc Zoology Communlcatlons Consultant (50% PRGA) Acting Facilitator. PRGA Participatory Natural Resource Management Working Group United Kingdom Administrative sta.ff Juliana Artstizábal,• Bachelor's in Social Communlcation and Joumalism PRGA Communications Assistant (100% PRGA) Colombia 137 Claudia García, Bachelor's in Production Engineertng PRGA Administrative Assistant ( 100% PRGA) Colombia Jorge Mario Quiceno.•• MBA PRGA Communications Asslstant (l 00% PRGA) Colombia Note: • StalT joined PRGA in 2004-05; •• StalT left PRGA in 2004-05. Budget for 2005 "' '·· Contributions CIDA IDRC Italy Netherlands New Zealand Norway Swttzerland Others Total Expenditures CIDA IDRC Italy Netherlands New Zealand Norway Switzerland Others Total 138 ._ .. , .. .. ,.>' US$ 338.300 53,893 185,000 100,000 50,000 234.354 70.000 501 ,862 1,533,409 US$ 256,641 44,101 185.000 100.000 o 234.354 70,000 52,412 942,508 2005 Funds Allocation CIAT- Overhead Genderand Consulta O rgan izatio n' 1 Change in Al rica Strategic Meetings 1 nstilulionaliz. support to partner institutions Publications Supplies, lmpact Assessment Operations and Services 1 nstitutionaliz'n Working SNGA Eastem Grou s Himalayas Allocation of Funds ::(, .¡ · US$ ,.-.. Main budget items 490,724 Gender and Organizational Change in Africa 216,841 Institutionalization, support to partner 1nstitutions 97,889 Impact Assessment 73,495 Institutionalization SA/GA Eastern Himalayas 44,101 Working Group Facilitators 58,399 Other budget items 451,783 Salaries 237,253 Supplies, Operations and Serv1ces 18,195 Publications 2,863 Strategic Meetings (AGM, CIAT Review, ABM, etc.) 48,786 Consultants 3,687 CIAT-Overhead 141,000 Total 942,508 • Carryouer is already committed in 2005 jor 2006 activiti.es 590,901 139 Breakdown of institutionalization support to partner institutions AfNet 10,000 CARE Intematlonal In Laos 2,500 CIP - Malnstreamlng GA In the research process 7,750 CIP- Women Feedlng Cltles Workshop 5,000 ICARDA 5,000 IFPRI 2,000 ILRI 7,000 Supportlng ILRI staff- forages 43,353 Supportlng IPRA staff 2,486 PROINPA 12,800 Total 97,889 Future Directions Along with the rest of the CG System. the PRGA Program undertook a majar revision of its Medium-Term Plan and logical framework (logframe) in 2005. To complement the Program strategies for mainstreaming, gender analysis, impact assessment, capacity development, and participatory research, we drafted revised strategies for our communications and partnerships. both of which will be further developed in 2006. The three-year gender-mainstreaming project in Afrtca will cometo a fruition in 2006 as the impact of action plans in the national agricultura! research programs will be assessed. The outcomes of the Impact Assessment Workshop have catalyzed a new set of innovative activities for our impact-assessment work in 2006. One such new focus will be on understanding impacts of social inclusion in agricultura! research. In addition, severa! aspects of the Program's modus operandi were tabled for discussion at the January 2006 annual meeting of our Advisory Board. 140 Abbreviations and Acronyms ABM AfNet AGM ASA ASARE CA BSc C/o CARE CD-ROM cf. CG CGIAR cw., CIAT CIDA CIMMYf CIP CONPAB DC DR ed. e.g. ESAP etc. FAO GA GCP lA IARC !CARDA ICRAF IDRC i.e. IFPRI ILAC ILRI In c. INRM IRRI ITDG MBA Advisory Board Meeting African Network for Soil Biology and Fertility Annual General Meeting (oj the CGIAR) American Soclety of Agronomy Association for Strengthening Agricultura! Research in Eastern and Central Africa Bachelor of Science care of Cooperatlve for Assistance and Relief Everywhere. In c., based in the USA compact disk- read-only memory compare Consultatlve Group on International Agricultura! Research Consultatlve Group on Internatlonal Agricultura! Research Committee for Local Agricultura! Research (Comité de Investtgación.Agricola Local) Internatlonal Center for Tropical Agriculture (Centro Intemacion.al de Agricultura Tropical), based in Colombia Canadian International Development Agency International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Intemacton.al para Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trígo) , based in Mexico International Patato Center (Centro Intemacion.al de La PapciJ. based in Peru Consultative Workshop on Partlcipatory Plant Breeding District of Columbia, USA Democratlc Republic (in DR Congo) editor(s) exempli gratia. for example Ethiopian Society of Animal Production etcetera. and so on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, based in Rome, Italy gender analysís Generatlons Challenge Program (oj the CGIAR) impact assessment international agrtcultural research center Internatlonal Center for Agricultura! Research in the Dry Areas. based in Syria World Agroforestry Centre, based in Kenya International Development Research Centre. Canada id est. that is Internatlonal Food Policy Research Instltute. based in the USA institutlonallearning and change International Livestock Research Institute. based in Kenya Incorporated (company) integrated natural-resources management; Integrated Natural Resource Management Group Internatlonal Rice Research Institute. based in the Phillppines Intermediate Technology Development Group Master in Business Administration (postgraduate degree) 141 M o U MPA NARI NARO NARS NEPAD NGO No. NRM OD p. PB PDF PhD PNRM PNRM-WG Pp./pp. PPB PPB-WG PR prep. PRGA. PRGA Program PROINPA R&D RUAF SA SPIA SPII TSBF UPWARD UK us USA V . vol. WG Memorandum of Understanding Master of Public Administratlon natlonal agricultura! research institute Natlonal Agricultura! Research Organizatlon. Uganda natlonal agricultura! research system(s) New Partnership for Africa's Development non-governmental organization number natural-resource(s) management organizational development page(s) plant breeding Portable Document Format (Adobe) Doctor of Philosophy (doctora te degree) partlcipatory natural-resource management; listserv of PNRM-WG Participatory Natural Resource Management Working Group (ojthe PRGA Program) pages participatory plant breeding Participatory Plant Breedlng Working Group (ojthe PRGA Program) partlcipatory research preparatlon CGIAR Systemwide Program on Partlcipatory Research and Gender Analysis for Technology Development and Institutional Innovatlon Fundación PROINPA "Promoción e Investigación de Productos Andinos, " Bolivia research and development Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security social analysls Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (ofthe CGIAR) Seed and Plant Improvement Instltute, Iran Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Instltute (ofCIA1j Users' Perspectives with Agricultura! Research and Development (ofCIP) United Kingdom United States (of America) United States of America versus volume Working Group (ojthe PRGA Program) 142