Sindh Agricultural Growth Project – Livestock Component Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Report No. 05: March 2019 better lives through livestock 1 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 3 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Introduction: ....................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Training Agenda & Training materials: ............................................................................................... 6 4. Capacity building of MPG members on Animal Reproduction and Breeding ..................................... 7 4.1 DPIU: Thatta ............................................................................................................................ 7 4.1.1 District: Thatta ................................................................................................................ 7 4.1.2 District: Sujjawal ............................................................................................................ 33 4.1.3 District: Hyderabad ....................................................................................................... 63 4.2 DPIU: Tharparkar ................................................................................................................... 73 4.2.1 District: Tharparkar ....................................................................................................... 73 4.3 DPIU: Mirpurkhas ................................................................................................................ 126 4.3.1 District: Mirpurkhas .................................................................................................... 126 4.3.2 District: Umerkot ......................................................................................................... 161 4.4 DPIU: Shaheed Benzirabad .................................................................................................. 185 4.4.1 District: Shaheed Benzirabad ...................................................................................... 185 4.4.2 District: Naushahro Feroze ......................................................................................... 223 4.5 DPIU: Khairpur Mirs ............................................................................................................. 263 4.5.1 District: Khairpur Mirs ................................................................................................. 263 4.5.2 District: Sukkur ............................................................................................................ 331 4.5.3 District: Larkana .......................................................................................................... 348 4.5.4 District: Qamber Shahdadkot ...................................................................................... 405 INDEX for MPGs .................................................................................................................................. 434 Annex 1: Training Materials ................................................................................................................ 437 2 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Preface and Acknowledgements It is well known that dairy production is influenced to a large extent by the efficiency of feeding practices, animal health management, reproduction and breeding management. All these practices have a direct impact on productivity, health status and herd improvement in dairy animals. As such proper dairy management practices is key to sustain productivity and hence the profitability. Under the Sindh Agricultural Growth Project (livestock component) these aspects of dairy cattle and buffalo management were identified as constraints for enhancing milk production. Also, the lack of knowledge of all stakeholders involved in the dairy value chain (DVC) on modern dairy management practices further hindered productivity of dairy animals. In order to rectify these gaps in knowledge the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) was recruited under a consultancy agreement in July 2017 with the mandate to capacity build all stakeholders involved in the DVC. ILRI with its knowledge in executing other livestock projects in Pakistan, designed capacity building and training interventions for various stakeholders at Provincial, District, Field level staff and dairy farmer producer groups. Training materials were prepared by ILRI team from ILRI publications listed at the end of this manual and finalized after several rounds of discussions with Sindh Livestock Department staff, SAGP-L staff and Plan Int – Pakistan staff. Using these training materials (English/Sindhi/Urdu), over the past 3 years ILRI conducted more than 12000 training programs/activities on various aspects of dairy production to provincial staff, district staff (VOs, Para-vets, LA), and to the 153 MPG members and non-members in the 11 project districts. The final output of these trainings will be the publication of three Facilitation training guides; namely Feeds and Feeding, Animal Health Management and Reproduction and Breeding. These training manuals are prepared in English and translated to Sindhi and Urdu languages. We are indebted to Department of Livestock & Fisheries, Government of Sindh and SAGP-L for their continued support provided during planning and execution of workshops. We are grateful to participants of the workshops (DFMs, LLS, Deputy Directors of Districts, ILRI Pakistan staff and Plan Int. staff) for their valuable inputs during discussions in finalizing the Training materials/manuals. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided Dr. Okeyo Mwai (Senior Scientist, ILRI Nairobi) for conducting the Animal Reproduction and Breeding trainings, and to ILRI Pakistan Training Associates (Drs. Deepesh, Barkat, Ubaid and Shahzad) for assisting in preparing the training materials and also with the translations of these manuals into Sindhi and Urdu. We are thankful to the Deputy Directors of the Project districts for their support in providing logistical arrangements and for assisting with the arrangement of the venue for the trainings, and to the DFMs and LLSs of the DPIUs for participating in the program. We acknowledge the support by World Bank in funding this project’s work without which such much needed trainings would not been possible. Finally, we thank ILRI management for their continued support in getting this project component under ILRI Pakistan. We thank all who participated in the planning of the workshop. All these efforts would not have been possible without the untiring efforts of Dr. Shahid Ali Khan (Project Coordinator /SAGP-L-ILRI) , and our Admin Staff (Mr. Kamran Riaz and Mr. Mohan Beckchandani). Finally, World Bank funding through the SAGP-L project is gratefully acknowledged. Prof. Dr. M.N.M. Ibrahim Team Leader SAGP-L-ILRI and ILRI Scientist (I@S) & DG Representative for ILRI in Pakistan 3 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding 1. Executive Summary The first training workshop on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement” was conducted by, Prof. Okeyo Mwai (Senior Scientist/ILRI Nairobi) where 24 participants including f ILRI and SAGP-L technical staff attended the training workshop. Prof. Okeyo Mwai shared his experiences on all aspects of animal reproduction, breeding and genetic improvement, and discussed in detail the common practices of farmers which happens due to negligence in terms of getting proper reproductive cycle of the cow, improper breeding and less genetic gain for future generations. The first consultation workshop for all stakeholders of SAGP-L on preparation of training materials for MPG members on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement. 44 participants including all district focal persons from Animal Husbandry Wing and Animal Breeding Wing of DoLF, all PMU and DPIUs technical staff and ILRI staff participated in the workshop. Second consultative workshop with all SAGP-L stakeholders was organized to finalize the training materials developed on Animal Reproduction and 54 participants including all district focal persons from Animal Husbandry Wing and Animal Breeding Wing of DoLF, all DPIUs technical staff and ILRI staff participated in the workshop. One-day trainings were conducted for both MPG members and non-members in all 149 MPGs established by the project where in total 4831 farmers were trained on various aspects of Animal Reproduction and breeding. At the end of each training at the MPG a field visit was organized to visit some farms and conducted practical on AI, pregnancy diagnosis, also attended to reproductive disorders. 4 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding 2. Introduction: Reproduction cost has long been documented as another cost after the feeding cost and expenditure in animal health. It has a direct impact on breed, progeny and reproductive ability of the animals as well as on production quality. Domestic livestock need varying amount of dietary fiber to lead strong animal with better health status to have better reproductive ability. To focus on this topic, Sindh Agriculture Growth Project-Livestock Component, SAGP-L-ILRI conducted capacity building training program of farmers on Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement. International Livestock Research Institute has started its 2nd phase of capacity building program for MPG members (Farmers) on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement” under Sindh Agricultural Growth Project-Livestock Component to enhance the reproductive health and to advance the breeding services for the improvement in genetic makeup of the animals. ILRI’s main objectives of conducting these training workshops for MPG members (Farmers) in 153 MPGs are as follows: 1. To make consciousness to the farmer about proper taking care of the reproductive health of their cows/buffalos 2. To make awareness among farmers about proper heat detection and appropriate timing of insemination for a successful breeding result 3. Bridging gap between service provider and farmer for the proper usage of Artificial Insemination AI 4. To make aware to the farmers about choosing proper breeding services either through natural Insemination (NI) or Artificial Insemination (AI) breeding services for their cows/buffalos 5. To make awareness among farmers about the long-term benefits of genetic improvement of the animals which can only be achieved by applying appropriate breeding services on their animals 6. To give awareness for making target for the farmers for getting one calf in a year from their cow 5 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding 3. Training Agenda & Training materials: Agenda used for Training of Master Trainers is given below and the training materials used during the program is given in Annex 1. Activity Resource Person Time 10:00-10:15 Registration Drs. Barkat and Shahzad 10:15-10:20 Recitation from Holy Quran 10:20-10:30 Welcome address by Team Leader SAGP-L-ILRI Prof. Dr. MNM Ibrahim 10:30-10:40 Welcome address by Project Director SAGP-L Dr. Jamil Ahmad Shaikh & Director General (Extension) Sindh Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 10:40-11:00 Introduction of the participants Project Coordinator SAGP-L, ILRI. 11:00-11:20 Tea Break Animal Reproduction M.N.M. Ibrahim/ Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 11:20-11:45 (Presentation & Discussion) Animal Breeding M.N.M. Ibrahim/ Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 11:45-12:10 (Presentation & Discussion) Animal Genetics M.N.M. Ibrahim/ Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 12:10-12:35 (Presentation & Discussion) Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 12:35-13:00 Formation of Groups Project Coordinator SAGP-L, ILRI. 13:00-14:00 Lunch break 14:00-15:00 Group work Dr. Shahid Ali Khan Presentation by Groups & follow-up M.N.M. Ibrahim/ Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 15:00-15:45 discussions 15:45-16:15 Q uestions/Answers (and working TEA) Prof. MNM Ibrahim / Dr. Shahid Khan Prof. Dr. MNM Ibrahim, Team Leader 16:15-16:25 Closing Remarks SAGP-L, ILRI & Country Representative for ILRI in Pakistan 16:25-16:40 Address by Chief Guest Dr. Abdul Qadir Junejo, Director General Livestock Sindh Hyderabad Dr. Shahid Ali Khan 16:40-16:45 Vote of thanks Project Coordinator SAGP-L, ILRI. 6 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding 4. Capacity building of MPG members on Animal Reproduction and Breeding 4.1 DPIU: Thatta 4.1.1 District: Thatta MPG: Muhammad Siddique Baloch (Village: Muhammad Siddique Baloch) Training workshop at MPG-Muhammad Siddique Baloch was conducted at the MPG Milk chilling room on dated 16th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 43 (30 males and 13 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Shahid Ali Khan (Project Coordinator/SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Maher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Muhamamd Ibrahim. Dr. Naeem Shahzad, Deputy Director (Animal Husbandry) Thatta & Ayaz Ali Somroo LSI – Mirpursakro District Thatta also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Daad, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Muhammad Ibrahim, President of the MPG-Muhammad Siddiq Baloch has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Specking on the occasion Dr. Naeem Shahzad (Deputy Director – Animal Husbandry Thatta) said that, we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. 7 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Technical Session: Dr. Shahid Ali Khan started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Shahid has asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan has explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 connected to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. On Flex No. 4 approximately the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Shahid started training Session and shared information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and 8 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your wanted results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Abdul Ghafoor has asked that I have a Buffalo, and which was got Inseminated few months ago but I do not know about pregnancy. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan has replied that you must check your cow after two months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Ayaz Ali Somroo (LSI) and he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Sher Muhammad and Qadeer have also requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Shahid informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Dr. Ubaid Qureshi to make a list. Ayaz Ali Somroo responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Ayaz Ali Somroo also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr. Ghafoor Baloch, Dr Shahid Ali Khan checked the Different animals which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 9 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Muhammad Raheem Dharoo (Village: M. Raheem Dharoo) Training workshop at MPG-Muhammad Raheem Dharoo was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 17th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 45 (31 males and 14 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Muhammad Ashfaque Dharoo. Ayaz Ali Somroo LSI – Mirpursakro, District Thatta also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Ashfaque, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Muhammad Altaf, President of the MPG-Muhammad Raheem Dharoo has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). Mr Altaf has anxious to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the instructor so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI has greeted all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice chance to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Trainer) started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the Production & Profit in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 connected to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When Trainer asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also 10 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease burden and how they can handle whenever they face the disease particularly contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 approximately the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Furthermore, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. In conclusion given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After finishing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers , Mr. Shafique has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow , she is in heat from 12 hours luckily we have Ayaz Ali Somroo with us and he decided decided to do some thing better & Inseminate this cow after training, , Dr. Ubaid informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI to make a list. Ayaz Ali Somroo responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Ayaz Ali Somroo also responded to some questions related to repeat 11 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, Participants visited farm of Mr. Shafiq , Dr Ubaid Qureshi & where Mr. Ayaz Ali Somroo checked that Red Sindhi cow which come in heat and waiting for Artificial Insemination and finally he complete Artificial Insemination. Ayaz Ali visit different farms where many animals are suffering from different Reproductive Disorder. Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A I cases in District Thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Ayaz Ali Somroo – LSI, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. Animal Reproduction Cases / Training Day S. No Farmer Name Members / Non Breed Reproductive Disorders / Suggestions / : Member Artificial Insemination Treatment 1 Muhammad Shafiq Member Red Sindhi Waiting for breeding / Artificial Dharoo Cattle Artificial Insemination Insemination 2 Muhammad Altaf Member R ed Sindhi Delay in oestrous cycle Check through ( President) Cattle rectal Examination 3 Fazal Ahmed Non Member Red Sindhi Not conceive after Check through Dharoo Cattle insemination rectal Examination 12 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Rehmatullah Kaatiyaar (Village: Rehmatullah Kaatiyaar) Training workshop at MPG- Rehmatullah Kaatiyaar was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 17th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 44 (25 males and 19 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr.Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Bachal Kaatiyaar. Dr. Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGP-L, & Farman Ali Memon LSI – Gharo, Mirpur sakro District Thatta also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Ghulam Qadir - MT Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Bachal Kaatiyaar, President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Farman Ali Memon – LSI has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project speaking on the occasion. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When 13 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG.. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally agreed message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Bachal has asked that I have a progeny of last year the cow which were inseminated by Faman Ali Memon for the demonstration to all particiapnts and the cow was continuously repeat again and again in heat few months ago but I do not know what is the reason behind this? Dr. Ubaid Qureshi replied that you must observe your cow thoroughly, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. 14 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Luckily, we have with us today; Dr. Ubaid informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Farman Ali memon to make a list. Farman Ali Memon responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Farman Ali Memon also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo accordingly. Field Visit: After Refreshment, team members visited first the farm of Mr. Bachal Farm where Mr. Farman Ali Memon - LSI checked the Different animals, which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Farman Ali Memon –. LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.I cases in District thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Farman Ali Memon – LSI, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 15 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Ali Ahmed Kahyoo (Village: Ali Ahmed Kahyoo) Training workshop at MPG-Ali Ahmed Kahyoo was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 22th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 38 (24 males and 18 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Ghulam Ali. Dr Shahid Hussain Arain – DFM SAGP-L also Visit the training Venue. Dr Saeed Ahmed Abbasi- Focal Person Animal Breeding Thatta. Inaugural Session: Abdul Jabbar, MT –Chiller has started the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ghulam Ali President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Saeed Ahmed Abbasi Focal Person Animal Breeding Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi questioned many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the inclusive profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear 16 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they replied well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are contribution feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Ghulam Ali has asked that I have a Kundi Buffalo, she is coming again and again in heat and we decided to do something better & Inseminate this cow after training. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and will make a list of Reproductive disorders animals. Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGP-L inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also replied to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. 17 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Adam Jakhro (Village: Adam Jakhro) Training workshop at MPG-Adam Jakhro was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 24th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 48 (24 males and 24 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher- un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Ghulam Ali. Dr Shahid Hussain Arain – DFM SAGP-L also Visit the training Venue. Inaugural Session: Zulfiqar Ali, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Bilawal Ali President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has shared to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGPL Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started technical session of the workshop. In this session, He asked many exploratory questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall productivity of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD 18 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the requirement and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle , she is coming again and again in heat and we people and he decided to do some thing better & Inseminate this cow after training, , Dr. 19 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Ubaid Qureshi informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and will make a list for Reproductive disorders animals . Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGP-L inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr. Ghulam Ali Jakhro, Dr Ubaid Qureshi & where Mr. Bilawal Ali Jakhro (Newly Trained A.i Technician from AITC at SAU Tandojam) checked the Different animals which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Mr Bilawal shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 20 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Habib Somroo (Village: Habib Somroo) Training workshop at MPG-Habib Somroo was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 28th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 37 (23 males and 14 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Muhammad Raheem Somroo. Inaugural Session: Abdul Hameed Somroo, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Muhammad Raheem Somroo President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Abbas Ali Arain – Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started the technical session of the workshop. In this session, He asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the 21 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. O n Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. President – Muhammad Raheem Bux Somroo has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow in Heat from 8 hours before Iplease do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed that we have Mr Abbas Ali Arain With us that after training Session we will visit and Mr Abbas Will do The Insemination . Dr Abbas Ali Arain – A.i Technician Inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon. 22 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr. Raheem Bux Somroo , Dr Ubaid Qureshi & where Mr. Abbas Ali Arain checked the Heat Status & do the insemination of that Red Sindhi Cattle. Different animals which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Mr Abbas Ali Arain his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 23 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Raju Nizamani (Village: Raju Nizamani) Training workshop at MPG-Raju Nizamani was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 29th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 36 (17 males and 19 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Muhammad Akram - MT Chiller. Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGPL – Thatta also visit the training venue & Met with Executive Body Members. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Akram , MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Haji Abdul Rasheed Memon President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGPL – Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly 24 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Furthermore, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully information and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and strained the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 25 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Wali Muhammad has asked that I have a Kundi Buffalo not come in heat from 8 months what is the reason behind this please do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Wali Muhammad, Dr Ubaid Qureshi visit Different animals which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Dr Ubaid Qureshi Shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 26 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Khameso Khan Sammo (Village: Khameso Khan Sammo) Training workshop at MPG-Khameso Khan Sammo was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 31st October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 50 (24 males and 26 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Shafi Muhammad Jat – MT Chiller. Aijaz Ali Abasi – LSI also Joi the training Session as Service Provider of the MPG – Khameso Kha Sammo. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Rafique, Finance Secretary has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Abdul Majeed President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has Welcome to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Aijaz Ali Abbasi – LSI Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid started the technical session of the workshop. In this session, He asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants replied well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid described in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge 27 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started working out Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and duties of farmers. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 28 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Nisar Sammo has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow in Heat from 8 hours before Iplease do something for her, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed that we have Mr Aijaz Ali Abbasi With us that after training Session we will visit and Mr Abbas Will do The Insemination . Aijaz Ali Abbasi – A.i Technician Inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr. Jaan Muhammad & Dr Ubaid Qureshi Visit Different animals which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Mr Aijaz Ali Abbasi shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 29 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Haji Ilyas babro (Village: Haji Ilyas babro) Training workshop at MPG-Haji Ilyas Babro was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated: 04th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 37 (24 males and 13 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate /SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Asadullah - MT Chiller. Mr Farman Ali Memon – LSI- Gharo District thatta. Inaugural Session: Asadullah , MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ataullah Babro President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for bring together this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Mr Farman Ali Memon – LSI – Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi asked many probing queries regarding important aspects affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall viability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were 30 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about choice and rejecting procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term profits of genetic improvement in their animals, and strained the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, brief all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. 31 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the workshop , session was opened for questions and answers , Mr. Akber Jutt has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow not come in heat from months what is the reason behind this please do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed luckily we have Mr Farman Ali Memon ok fine He will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today traiig Session. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Haji Khan Babro , Dr Ubaid Qureshi visit Different animals which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Mr Farman Ali Memon Shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District thatta and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 32 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding 4.1.2 District: Sujjawal MPG: Peer Muhammad bhambhro (Village: Peer Muhammad Bhambhro) Training workshop at MPG-Peer Muhammad Bhambhro was conducted at the MPG Milk Collection Centre on dated 05th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 31 (17 males and 14 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI- Thatta) has made all logistic arrangements & conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un- Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Jaan Aalam - MT Chiller . Inaugural Session: Jaan Aalam, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Khan Muhammad Bhambhro (Wadera) – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started technical session of the workshop. He asked many probing questions regarding significant factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming industry as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 Connected to Animal health management, Biosecurity & Zoo synatry participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept away from other animals and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for worker who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid 33 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 he explained importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they offer only Rock Salt and did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally it was stressed that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer a good breeder. Flexes no. 11 and no.12, detailed about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: Final Session Completed & the training Workshop Forum was opened for questions and answers, Farmer Ali Asghar Bhambro has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle come in heat again and again and not conceive, what is the reason and pleaded to inspect the cow, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed that this time he will check, but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat. AI Technician will join you soon. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. 34 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Rohel Khan Lashari (Village: Rohel Khan Lashari) Training workshop at MPG-Rohel Khan Lashari was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 07th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 30 (30 males and 00 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and He conducted the training for male participants, & Female training is postponed due to the death of Mother in Law of Dr Mehrun nisa Lighari LLS- SAGPL. Inaugural Session: Mr. Shaukat Ali, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Hafiz Usman - President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we have real and different matters regarding productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has inform to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservation, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Haji Abdul Wahid Lashari (Wadera) – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in linking of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. He asked Different questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business and the session was very much interactive as per training flex No.2. Training Participants responded well about Animal Health care, Farm Management and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully educated about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. He explained in detail how these major factors related to the animal Breeding Abilities & Productive policy Flex # 03 Explain to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. He explained in detail all content of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. 35 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding With the Explaination of Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. He explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refeshment, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In With Refrence to, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and the importance of better reproductive system management, and there by get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: Finally Session Completed and it was opened for questions and answers, Mumtaz Ali has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 36 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Almadad (Village: Muhammad Khan Sammo) Training workshop at MPG-Almadad was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 11th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 39 (23 males and 16 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangement & conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Asghar Ali - MT Chiller. Inaugural Session: Mr Syed Nooral Shah, (Finance Secretary) has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. He has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He also tell this it is a big opportunity for farmers to know better practices for better livestock Management & how to increase the Milk Production of animals and decreases the Diseases Ratio. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started technical session of the workshop. He asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 Refrence to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures / Zoo Synatry for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, 37 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding and of the veterinarians/para-vets. He discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After Finalise the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Asghar Ali Shah & Fayyaz Ali Shah has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle come in heat again and again and 38 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Nooral Ali Shah, Dr Ubaid visit Different Farms & check animals which are not coming heat & Shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Sujjawal and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s’ animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, early embryonic death of foetus. 39 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Haji SIkno Sodo (Village: Haji Sikno Sodo) Training workshop at MPG-Haji Sikno Sodo was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 12th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 33 (19 males and 14 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements & conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Deedar Ali - MT Chiller. Inaugural Session: Deedar Ali, MT Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Khair Muhammad Sodo President of the MPG- Haji Sikno Sodo has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Ubaid Qureshi has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, He asked many Different questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear 40 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals & about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Enjoy Tea, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 41 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After Finalise the workshop, Dr Ubaid Invites Participants to asked questions. Mr Ramzan & Khair Muhammad Sodo has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed I will check after training but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with Service Provider but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned, A.i Technician Will join you soon. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. After Refreshment, all training team members visited, Dr Ubaid Qureshi visit Different animals which are not coming heat. Dr Ubaid Qureshi Shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Sujjawal and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, and early embryonic death of foetus. 42 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Mahi Dal (Village: Mahi Dal) Training workshop at MPG-Mahi Dal was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 14th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 43 (27 males and 16 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Ghulam Ali. Dr Shahid Hussain Arain – DFM SAGP-L also Visit the training Venue. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Ali , MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Raja Dal - President of the MPG-Mahi Dal has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGPL Thatta – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. He asked many related questions about important factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Members responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of feedstuffs (Fodders) and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary 43 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity 44 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: Shaukat & Mahi Dal has asked that we have different animals those are suffering from Reproductive Disorders Such as Repeat again and again in heat, Conception rate is very low, Pyometra & Uterine Prolapse etc etc .Dr Ubaid Qureshi shared his knowledge and suggest them to make a list of those animals and share with us then one of LSi will visit to check all these animals. Dr Shahid Hussain DFM – SAGP-L inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo. 45 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Haji Peerano Lund (Village: Haji Peerano Lund) Training workshop at MPG-Haji Peerano Lund was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 18th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 37 (21 males and 16 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un- Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Muhammad Siddiq – General Secretary. Inaugural Session: Bashir Ahmed, MT Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr.Amin President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Ubaid Qureshi has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. He asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of Feed stuffs and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 Connected to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures / Zoo Synatry for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in grazing zone where already the disease is prevailing. On recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers 46 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated whereas they were not much clear about precautions for worker who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. He discussed in detail all aspects of Animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 related about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates etc etc . However, most farmers are offering Ration according to its availabilities but not according to the requirements of the animals. They offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refreshment Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 47 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Muhammad Amin & bashir Lund were looking very attentive regarding training and asking many questions. Bashir has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 48 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Nooh Walero (Village: Nooh Walero) Training workshop at MPG- Nooh Walero was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 19th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 41(19 males and 22 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Hanif Walero - President. Inaugural Session: Shaaz Ali, MT Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Ubaid Qureshi has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 Connected to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept 49 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals, offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Furthermore, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long- term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: 50 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After Finalise the training workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, one of farmer has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cow come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 51 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Abdul Hakim Jat (Village: Abdul Hakim Jat) Training workshop at MPG-Abdul hakim Jat was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 21st November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 36 (15 males and 21 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Gulzar Ali - MT Chiller. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Suleman, Participants has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. President – Muhammad Hussain Jat has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and at all you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Ali Hassan Jat has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started technical session of the workshop. He asked many connected questions about important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. He explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and Liver fluke’s and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animals should kept separately and their water and 52 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para- vets. He discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 Connected with the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Further More , when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to Requirement of animals. They offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refreshment Dr. Ubaid started training Session with the same flexes where he left before tea break and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Furthermore, Flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. Finally delievered message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (good breed Selection) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. He explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and there by get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 53 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Jam Mallah ( General Secretary ) & Sahib Dino has asked that we different Animals which are repeat again and again in heat come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. 54 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Athriya Farm (Village: Athriya Farm) Training workshop at MPG-Athriya Farm was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 25th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 39 (13 males and 26 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un- Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Muhammad Urs - President. Inaugural Session: Usman Mallah, Participants has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Urs Jat President of MPG- has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are getting / facing different challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has Shared to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and much production from our animals. Muhammad Urs Jat has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started first part of the technical session of the workshop. He asked many connected questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants replied well about health care, housing of animals and about Presence of Ration and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Qureshi explained in detail about those factors which affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 Connected to Animal health management, participants were know about the biosecurity measures / Zoo Synatry for the animals. Especially role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. Identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo- sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about 55 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para- vets. Dr. Ubaid Discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 related about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of Feed Materials , they replied well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. They replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long- term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and brief the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more benefits as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Chando (General Secretary ) & Urs Jat asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle come in heat again and 56 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 57 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Chach Jahan Khan (Village: Chach Jahan Khan) Training workshop at MPG-Chach Jahan Khan was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 26th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 26 (12 males and 14 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Ghulam Ali - President. Inaugural Session: Ghulam Hussain, (Member) has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ghulam Ali President of MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has Brief to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Muhammad Ghulam Ali has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi the technical session of the workshop. He asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flexi No. 3 Connected to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the Responsibilities of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed 58 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. They offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but don’t have enough knowledge about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Tea Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid Continue training Session and shared the information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (Productive Breeds) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and brief the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Shafi Muhammad & Uzair Jat were looking very attentive regarding training and asking many questions. They had asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please 59 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo acc Field Visit: After lunch, Dr Ubaid Qureshi visit Different animals which are not coming heat. He shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Sujjawal and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi, the farmer’s animals were suffering from reproductive disorders, repetition of heat, and early embryonic death of foetus. Finally we have visited the Different Breeding Bulls which are using for breeding purposes at village. 60 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Haji Shafi Muhammad Jat (Village: Haji Shafi Muhammad Jat) Training workshop at MPG-Haji Shafi Muhammad was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 28th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 32 (17 males and 15 females). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Ghulam Nabi - President. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Ali , Participants has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ghulam Nabi Ali - President of MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing different Challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Abdul Rahim (UC – Chairman) has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started the technical session of the workshop. He asked many related questions regarding major factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing management of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 is connected with animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they 61 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 related about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to 62 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Abdul Rahim Jat has asked that I have different Animals which are repeat again and again in heat come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine I will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After Enjoyed Lunch we have Visited Different farm to see animals which are suffering from different Reproductive Disorders. He shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Sujjawal and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Dr Ubaid Qureshi. 4.1.3 District: Hyderabad MPG: Gul Lashari (Village Gul Lashari) Training at MPG-Gul Lashari was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 07th January 2020. Total participants at training program were 40 (21 Males and 17 Females, 63 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Guests 02). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training for male participants, and Dr. Meher-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted training for female participants. Dr. Shahnawaz Fazlani, Veterinary Officer (Service Provider)- Animal Husbandry, Chukhi Hyderabad also attended the training. Inaugural Session: By recitation of Holy Quran at MPG training was started. Mr. Huzoor Bux, Father of President and landlord of the MPG-Gul Lashari has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Shahnawaz Fazlani, Veterinary Officer (Service Provider) has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop which was in male side and Dr. Meher-un-nisa in female participant side. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training Flex No. 02. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect overall profitability of the dairy business. Flex No. 03. Related to animal health management, participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals. Especially role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects milk 64 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how disease load can be minimized in disease especially contagious one. Flex No. 04 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI in their MPG last year. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to the participants. Second session was started after a tea break. Dr. Kumar started training in male group and Dr. Meher un Nisa with female participants and shared knowledge about parts of the female reproductive organ, location and overall functions of the system and what diseases can occurred commonly in the system by pictorial view as per flexi No. 05. In addition, flex no. 06 was regarding the different signs of heat and importance of right timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 07 and 08. Types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer were being shared in this regard. Whereas, in flexi No. 09 and 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. 65 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Flex No. 11 and 12. Shared in detail about genetic improvement of animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flex No. 13 and 14, explained use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it. By using cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Khan Muhammad asked his animal has aborted recently but not discharged placenta what to do? Dr. Deepesh replied need to give Methargen tablets or to consult with the Amir Jokhio to check the animal for retention of placenta. Mr. Nadeem and Ghulam Hussain also requested to check their buffaloes on coming week day. Dr. Deepesh replied and said make a list of the farmers and animals and it will be shared with Amir Jokhio for necessary action to be taken in the coming week as per mpg demand. There was no any field visit at MPG 66 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Ghazi Khan Alamani (Village: Ahmed Khan Alamani) Training at MPG- Ghazi Khan Alamani was conducted on dated 07 January, 2020. Total participants at training program were 45 (23 Males and 22 Females, Guests 02). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Sumera Naz Sheikh (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Zaheer Hussian, Veterinary Officer (Service Provider) Mr. Rajab Ali Unar (LSI)-Animal breeding also attended training. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Mosa Ali of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ahsan Ali Alamani, president of the MPG- Ghazi Khan Alamani welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Zaheer Hussian, Veterinary Officer, said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Memon asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Memon explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after 67 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo.Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Memon started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant animal which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi, No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: 68 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Gul Muhammad has asked that we have cow in village and call Dr. privately for AI do this service have any cost for us? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Zaheer Soomro replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 69 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Wanki Wasi (Village Wanki Wasi) Capacity Building training of MPG Members on Animal Reproduction, Breeding & Genetic Improvement were conduct at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 07th January 2019. Total participants at the training Workshop were 35 (25 Members & 10 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Dr Saleem Raza Solangi, Veterinary Officer at Waanki Wassi Hyderabad also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Zain , Member of the village has start the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Khuda Bux , MPG – President has warmly welcome all participants and thanked ILRI for Successful arrangement of Event. He shared that we are facing different hard challenges in getting productivity of the animals and use of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has requested to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions, you may ask from the ILRI- trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr Saleem Raza Solangi, Veterinary Officer has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Specking on the occasion Mr Khuda Bux – President said that, we are thankful to for conduct such training on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further explained to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Training Associate – ILRI Dr.Ubaid Qureshi start technical session of the workshop. During session, Dr. Ubaid has asked relevant questions on Major factors affecting the productivity in dairy business With reference to training module flex No.2. Participants replied well about Animal Health, housing Management and about availability of feeding Rations. Farmers were not know about the importance of excellent selection of breeds from breeding & ilk Production point of view. He has explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your farming. Flexes No. 3 reference to Animal Health Management, participants known about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the responsibility of farmers in vaccination, 70 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding deworming and the importance of Taking care of mixing of animals during the grazing areas where already the disease outbreak seen. With recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS diseases and they identify signs and symptoms but have low knowledge about Parasitic & Protozoan Infections related diseases. Trainer when asked different questions about different diseases farmer’s response well, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should be separate. Dr Ubaid requested to all participants to properly keeping save animals with precautionary measurement. Flex No.4 Connected with Moreover, when asked about variety of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Moreover, Farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. Trainer shared his views about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better awareness after participating in last year awareness workshop, which were conducted on Animal health Management, & feeds feeding of dairy animals conducted by ILRI at MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After Tea & Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started Session and shared information about Overview of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in oestrus cycle detection for successful breeding/ Pregnancy. With Reference to Flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination. Moreover, connected to No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. Finally, Shared information that selection of Productive breeds and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. He explained the major benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity. He shared basic tools of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your wanted results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: 71 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Finally Training Session Completed & Trainer Dr Ubaid Qureshi shared that session was opened for questions and answers, Natho Lal has asked that I have a Buffalo, and which was got Inseminated few months ago but I do not know about Result. Dr. Ubaid replied that you must check your cow after two months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Manzoor Ahmed Memon (LSI) Present in training after session completed he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether pregnant or not. Mr. Anwer Ali requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Ubaid informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Dr Saleem Raza Solangi to make a list. He responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 72 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding 4.2 DPIU: Tharparkar 4.2.1 District: Tharparkar MPG: Roshan Rahoo (Village: Mithrio Soomra) Training workshop at MPG-Roshan Rahoon was conducted at the MPG Milk Chiller Room on dated 14th October 2019. Total participants in training program were 33 (19 Male & 14 Females). Dr.Barkat Ali Kalwar (Training Associate/ILRI) and Dr. Farah Aijaz (LSS) have made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Shahid Ali Khan (Project Coordinator/SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted combine training in both (Male and female participants) at same Venue. Dr. Ghullamullah Junejo (Veterinary Officer & Focal Person for Breed Improvement), Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step Inaugural Session: Workshop stared with the recitation from Holy Quran by Mr. Zulfiqar (Executive body member) of MPG, whereas Mr. Abdul Aleem Soomro, President of the MPG-Roshan Rahoon has welcomed to all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training workshop. President further added that we have already many challenges of lower milk production in our animals and in getting success in practise of Artificial Insemination AI. Mr. Abdul Aleem Soomro has also stressed to all trainees for taking keen interest and whatever you have queries/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved. So that we can get more milk production from our animals Dr. Ghullamullah (V.O /Focal Person- Breed Improvement) said that, we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further stressed to farmers that you might share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide quality services up to your satisfaction on your door step. Technical Session: Technical session of Training workshop started by Dr. Shahid Ali Khan, whereas session was combined (male and female participants together). In this session, Dr. Khan asked so many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2). Participants replied well about animal health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. In flex (3) related to animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 73 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Dr. Shahid Ali Khan discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex (4), about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they feed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Shahid Ali Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr.Shahid Ali Khan started training in combined both Male & Female group and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi (5). In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex (7-8), shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Abdul Aleem appreciated the Training and request to the ILRI and Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that hopefully tomorrow we will arrange a breeding camp to check the animals. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. 74 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Closing Remarks of ILRI Country Representative at MPG-Roshan Rahoon (Mithrio Soomra) After competition of Technical session ILRI’s Country representative & Team Leader Prof. Dr. M.N.M.Ibhraheem appreciate the active participation of MPG Members and Farmers and shared his views with the participants, that ILRI under SAGPL project wants to increase the strength and knowledge of farmers towards better lives through livestock. Furthermore MPG level Trainings on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement will help the farmer to identify the problems related to the breeding and also aware the latest techniques with better animal breeding management. ILRI-country representative also shared that due to project interventions and interest of farmers, ILRI wants to establish this MPG as a role model for the District and DPIU’s Field Visit: Next day a field visit arranged for the demonstration of Cow Calendar by Dr.Barkat Ali and for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly, MPG-Mithrio Soomra (A.I, P.D & REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP) Farmer Name Species No: Animal Disease Diagnosis Breeding Services S.# 1 Gul Hassan Buff 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 M.Soomar Buff 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 3 Abdul Khalique Buff 1 Pnephominia Viginal Passeries 4 Abdul Aleem Buff 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 Mukhan Goat 1 Abortion Viginal Passeries 6 Muhammad Ashraf Cow 1 Repeat breeder Rectal Palpation 7 Fatima Goat 1 Repeat breeder Rectal Palpation 8 Fatima Goat 1 Pnephominia Viginal Passeries 9 M.Soomar Goat 1 Abortion Viginal Passeries 10 Gul Hassan Cow 2 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation 75 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Karoonjhar (Village Dhonjh) Training workshop at MPG-Karoonjhar was conducted at the General sitting of MPG members at president “Ootaq” on dated 15th October 2019. Total participants in training program were 41 (20-Male & 21-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at president “Ootaq” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person) and Mr.Kalo (LSI) Animal Breeding, Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Dholo, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Mir Muhammad (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Karoonjhar. Mr.Mir Muhammad has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 76 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Dr.Barkat Ali discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Mir Muhammad appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 77 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Waqar and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, in this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly, MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Doonjh Others Breeding S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Service 1 Ayaz Ali Cow 1 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 2 Jalal Din Goat 3 Abortion Vignal Passeries 3 Abdul Khaliqu Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Waqar Ahmed Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 Mukhtiar Ahmed Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 6 Khiar Mohamd Cow 1 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 7 Abdul Ghaffar Cow 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation 78 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Sujhagh Mahrura (Village: Manjhti) Training workshop at MPG-Sujagh Marhurah was conducted at the General sitting of MPG members at president “Ootaq” on dated 16th October 2019. Total participants in training were 44 (25-Male & 19- females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at president “Ootaq” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Quraban Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Ameer Hussian (activisit) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Qadir Bux (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Sujagh Mahrurah (Manjhiti). Mr.Qadir Bux has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were not well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Mastitis and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like FMD, Fever Mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 79 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers have a moderate knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: 80 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Qurban appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Qurban and other participant discussed the prolapse problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah Junejo did suggestions of different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 81 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Sindh Amar (Village: Monghat) Training workshop at MPG-Sindh Amar was conducted at the MPG Chiller Room on dated 17th October 2019. Total participants in training were 36 (18-Male & 18-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at president “Chiller Room” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Piyaro After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Punhoon (President) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Punhoon (General Secretary) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Sindh Ammar (Monghat). Mr.Punhoon has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms and good less knowledge about Anthrax and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 82 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had well knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like Grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda and Minerals.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income.Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Puhnoon appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 83 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Punhoon and other participant discussed the uterine prolapsed and anoestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Moonghth Others Breeding S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Service 1 Usman Cow 1 Abortion _ 2 Khan Mohd Goat 5 Abortion Vignal Passeries 3 Sachidino Goat 2 Abortion Vignal Passeries 4 Piyaro Goat 3 Abortion _ 5 Arshad Ali Goat 2 Abortion Vignal Passeries 6 Ali Nawaz Cow 1 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 7 Shah Muhmad Goat 2 Abortion Vignal Passeries 8 Aslam Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 9 Punhoon Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 10 Yaqoob Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 11 Ali Murad Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 12 Usman Cow 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation 23 84 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Vee Maraora (Village: Vee Hingoraja) Training workshop at MPG-Vee Maroara was conducted at the “Chilling Centre” on dated 21st October 2019. Total participants in training were 32 (16-Male & 16-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted combined training session in both groups (male & female) at “Chilling Centre”. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Wahid Dino, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Bhuran (General Secretary) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Mataroo (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Vee Marooara. Mr.Mataroo has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms and have a good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 85 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda and Minerals.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: 86 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Mataroo appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Buhran and other participant discussed the anoestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according.During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Sharing of experiences by MPG members during visit under 2nd National Exposure visit undertaken by ILRI- SAGP-L from to After completion of FGDs, Mr. Mataroo (President) shared about their visit of district Vehari under 3rd National Exposure visit undertaken by ILRI. They have informed that we have first we have visited the two Farmers Milk Cooperatives. Moreover, we have met with executive body members who have share the overall organizational setup and also shown their FMCs’ organizational and financial records. Then we visited the chiller shop and the facilities over there, Chiller shop was basically provided by the FMCs and they were purchasing the milk by checking with betaro meter and selling to Adam Foods (Milk Processor Company). Then ILRI team has also arranged the visit of small and medium farmers in groups and each have the one ILRI team and one from the executive body member. Moreover, we have exchanged views with farmers and noted that there animals were healthy and producing 6-8 liters normally and they are using AI for breeding mostly in cows and offering fresh fodder, Vanda and also silage to the animals. ILRI has arranged a visit of Government Livestock Experimental Station Gugiatpeer” at Bhawalpur for visit of Cholistan Breed and visit for provision of Extension and health services by L&DD field staff at Cholistan Tooba “Noor sar Balochan” All participants visited the Cholistanti Cattle farm with latest Modern farm practices and They have shared that we have learn following lessons from the above National Exposure visit. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP (Name of MPGs: Vee Hingorja) S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Wahid Bux Cow 1 Anestrus Vignal Passeries 2 Chutto Cow 2 Repeat Breeder _ 3 Abdul Majeed Cow 1 Repeat Breeder _ 4 Amir Ahmed Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 Jalal Haji Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 6 M.Iqbal Cow 1 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 9 87 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Mehran (Village: Chahu Rahmoon) Training workshop at MPG-Mehran was conducted at “Chilling Centre” on dated 22nd October 2019. Total participants in training were 36 (24-Male & 12-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at “Chilling Centre “and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Abbass Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Abdul Sattar (activist) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Muhammad Saleem(President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Mehran (Chahu Rahmoon). Mr.Muhammad Saleem has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Anthrax and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like Diarrhea, Mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 88 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates, Vanda and Minerals.However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2-3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Muhammad Saleem appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 89 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Abdul Sattar and other participant diccussed the reproductive problems with the service provider team, in this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP (MPG: Chahoo Rahimoon) S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Sain Dino Cow 3 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 Miandad Cow 3 Repeat Breeder Vignal Passeries 3 Abdul Khaliqu Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Sajjan Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 M.Saleem Cow 2 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 6 M.Saleem Cow 2 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation 7 M.Saleem Cow 2 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 12 . 90 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Surhan Rahmoon (Village: Trooh Rahmoon) Training workshop at MPG- Surhan Rahmoon was conducted at the “Govt Dispensary Hall” on dated 24th October 2019. Total participants in training were 46(30-Male & 16-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at “Govt Dispensary Hall” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Hakim Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Mehmood (General Secretory) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Imdad Ali (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Surhan Rahmoon (Trooh Rahmoon). Mr.Imdad Ali has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 91 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2-3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: 92 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Imdad Ali appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Mehmood, Nazeer Ahmed and other participant diccussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Tooh Rahimoon S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Tilok Moti Cow 1 Repeat Breeder Rectal Palpation 2 Amarsingh Cow 3 Repeat Breeder Vignal Passeries 3 Nazir Ahmed Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Imam Bux Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 7 93 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Rathore Kheer Sujagh (Village: Bharu-jo-Tarr) Training workshop at MPG-Rathore Kheer Sujagh was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 25th October 2019. Total participants in training were 36 (20-Male & 16-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the warm welcomed by Mr.Chimiji (activisit) to the participants and after that Mr.Ladhoji (General Secretary) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Rathore Kheer Sujagh (Bharu-jo-Tarr). Mr.Ranchorji has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 94 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Ranchorji, appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 95 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Chimji, Nagji and Bhopat and other participant diccussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Bharo Jo Tar S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Kumbji Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 Ladhuji Cow 1 Repeat Breeder _ 3 Suransingh Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Chandan Cow 2 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 5 Ladhuji Goat 2 Abortion _ 6 Suransingh Goat 4 Abortion _ 7 Chamji Cow 2 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 8 Padam singh Cow 1 Estrus Signs A.I Service 9 Chamji Camellus 1 Anestrus _ 10 Venjhraj Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 11 Venjhraj Goat 3 Abortion _ 12 Suransingh Goat 5 Anestrus _ 13 Tejmal Goat 2 Anestrus _ 26 . 96 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Kheer Thar (Village: Baku Juneejo) Training workshop at MPG-KheerThar was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 28th October 2019. Total participants in training were 45 (26-Male & 19-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Muhammad Wasand, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Gul Sher (General Secretary) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Wali Muhammad (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Kheer Thar. Mr.Wali Muhammad has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were less aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 97 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Wali Muhammad appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 98 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Haroon, Hakim,Nawaz, Amir and other participant discussed the different problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Bakhu S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Haroon Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 Hakim Ali Cow 1 Repeat Breeder _ 3 Jaffar Hyder Cow 1 Repeat Breeder _ 4 Amir Ahmed Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 Nawaz Ali Cow 1 Pregnancy test Rectal Palpation 6 . 99 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Bhagiya Ithad (Village: Harpar) Training workshop at MPG-Bhagiya Ithad was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 29th October 2019. Total participants in training were 46 (21-Male & 25-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from the SAGPL Dr.Mukeesh Kumar (DFM) and from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Qasim Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Aziz Hussian (activisit) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Meehar(M.T) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Karoonjhar. Mr.Barkat Ali (General Secretary) has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 100 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para- vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Barkat Ali & Meehar Ali appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 101 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Soof, Hamzoo, Jummo and other participant discussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. At the end addressing to the participants Dr. Mukesh Kumar (DFM-DPIU-Tharparkar) has briefed in detail about the SAGP-L ongoing efforts and interventions and appreciated the ILRI’s capacity Building Training program on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement” and as well as collaborative activities for the Executive body members of this MPG. He also suggested to participants regarding Training workshop (ILRI’s capacity building activities) and Breeding Camp arranged by DoLF is in this connection, so that all the farmers can get more benefits. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. . MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP (MPG: Harpar) S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Hamzo ali Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 Noor Muhammad Cow 1 Repeat Breeder _ 3 Jumoon Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Saleem Cow 2 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 5 Nawaz Ali cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 6 102 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Sukhiya Sangherra (Village: Liyari Juneeja) Training workshop at MPG- Sukhiya Sangheiyara was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 30th October 2019. Total participants in training were 35 (20-Male & 15-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Muneer Ahmed, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Karam Ali (General Secretory) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Nazar Muhammad (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Sukhiya Sangheiyara (Liyari Junneja). Mr.Nazar Muhammad has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 103 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had less knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2- times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 104 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Nazar Muhammad appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Mashooq Ali, Mubeen, Kamal Din and other participant diccussed the reproductive problems of animals with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Layari S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Mashoque Ali Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 M.Mubeen Cow 1 Repeat Breeder _ 3 Kamal Din Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Gul Muhammad Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 5 Zakir Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 6 Bachu Mutalib Cow 1 Abortion _ 7 Muneer Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 8 105 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Khushal Marooara (Village: Chachi Moora) Training workshop at MPG- Khushal marooara was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 31st October 2019. Total participants in training were 43 (22-Male & 21-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Muhammad Saleem, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Jan Muhammad (activisit) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Faiz Muhammad (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Khushal marooara. Mr.Faiz Muhammad has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were less aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 106 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had less knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2- times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: 107 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Faiz Muhammad appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Waqar and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. . MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Chachi Moora S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Waryam Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 2 Meo Dost Ali Cow 3 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 3 Abdullah Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Ahmed Cow 1 Repeat Breeding Rectal Palpation 5 Sajjan Goat 2 Abortion _ 7 108 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Sujag Hala (Village: Kumaloo Hala) Training workshop at MPG-Sujagh Hala was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 4th November 2019. Total participants in training were 49 (22-Male & 27-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Gul Muhammad, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Inayatullah (M.T) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Muhammad zaman (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Sujagh Hala (Kumaloo Hala). Mr.Muhammad Zaman has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 109 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income.Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of 110 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Muhammad Zaman appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Allah Warrahiyo, Bachal, Muhammad Zaman, Inayatullah and other participant diccussed the reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. . MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Kumalo Hala S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Allah warayo Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 2 Bachal s/o Yaroo Cow 2 P.D Rectal Palpation 3 Ghulam Rasool Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Abass s/o Idress Cow 1 Pnephominia Rectal Palpation 5 Khameso Goat 1 Abortion _ 6 M.Moosa Goat 1 Anestrus _ 7 M.Sadique Buffalow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 8 M.Ramzan Buffalow 1 P.D Rectal Palpation 9 Inayatullah Buffalow 1 Pnephominia Rectal Palpation 10 M.Zaman Cow 2 P.D Rectal Palpation 12 111 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Sada Bahar (Village: Malwand Khawriya) Training workshop at MPG-Sada Bahar was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 5th November 2019. Total participants in training were 26 (16-Male & 10-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the warm welcomed by Mr.Bheebhoji (activisit) to the participants and after that Mr.Sawai Sing on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Sada Bahar (Malwand Khawriya). Mr.Sawai Sing has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were less aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 112 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Sawai Sing, appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. 113 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Mr.Bheemoji, Nagji and Saroop Sing and other participant discussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Sharing of experiences by MPG members during visit under 2nd National Exposure visit undertaken by ILRI- SAGP-L from to After completion of FGDs, Mr. Mataroo (President) shared about their visit of district Vehari under 3rd National Exposure visit undertaken by ILRI. They have informed that we have first we have visited the two Farmers Milk Cooperatives. Moreover, we have met with executive body members who have share the overall organizational setup and also shown their FMCs’ organizational and financial records. Then we visited the chiller shop and the facilities over there, Chiller shop was basically provided by the FMCs and they were purchasing the milk by checking with betaro meter and selling to Adam Foods (Milk Processor Company). Then ILRI team has also arranged the visit of small and medium farmers in groups and each have the one ILRI team and one from the executive body member. Moreover, we have exchanged views with farmers and noted that there animals were healthy and producing 6-8 liters normally and they are using AI for breeding mostly in cows and offering fresh fodder, Vanda and also silage to the animals. ILRI has arranged a visit of Government Livestock Experimental Station Gugiatpeer” at Bhawalpur for visit of Cholistan Breed and visit for provision of Extension and health services by L&DD field staff at Cholistan Tooba “Noor sar Balochan” All participants visited the Cholistanti Cattle farm with latest Modern farm practices and They have shared that we have learn following lessons from the above National Exposure visit. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Malanhor Khawaria S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Bhagu s/o Togo Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 2 Saroop singh Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 3 Tejmal Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Adoomal Cow 1 Repeat Breeding Rectal Palpation 5 Bheebho Goat 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 6 Bhagu s/o Togo Goat 5 Abortion _ 12 114 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Chahu Deep (Village: Chahu Soothar) Training workshop at MPG-Chahu Deep was conducted at the MPG-General Sitting “President Ootaq” on dated 6th November 2019. Total participants in training were 39 (17-Male & 22-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at General Sitting “President Ootaq” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the warm welcomed by Mr.Essro (activisit) to the participants and after that Mr.Khetu (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Chahu Deep (Chahu Soothar). Mr.Khetu has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were less aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 115 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had less knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 116 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Khetu, appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Essro, Permanand and Ammroo and other participant discussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Chaho Suther S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Saewan s/o Tiloo camellus 1 Abortion _ 2 Mado s/o Jesso Cow 1 Abortion _ 3 Sadhu s/o Raju Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Pancho s/o Asso Cow 1 Repeat Breeding Rectal Palpation 5 Kheto Goat 6 Abortion _ 10 117 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Khushhal Maroarra (Village: Pabuhar) Training workshop at MPG- Khushhal Maroarra was conducted at the President Ootaq near “Chilling Centre” on dated 7th November 2019. Total participants in training were 36 (22-Male & 14-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at President Ootaq near “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Abdul Ghafoor, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Aijaz (General Secretory) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Muhammad Umar (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Khushhal Maroarra (Pabuhar). Mr.Muhammad Umar has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Anthrax Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 118 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income.Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 119 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Muhammad Umar appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Aijaz, Mumtaz, Abdul Ghani.Jan Muhammad and other participant diccussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Pabuhar S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Abdul Ghafor Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 2 Ghulam Mohd Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 3 Shooban Goat 5 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Abdul Ghani Cow 2 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 Jan Muhammad Goat 2 Abortion _ 6 Gul Muhammad Cow 1 Abortion _ 7 M.Moosa Buffalow 1 Repeat Breeding Rectal Palpation 13 120 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Thar Maleer (Village: Neetaveri) Training workshop at MPG-Thar Maleer was conducted at the “LSO Office” on dated 8th November 2019. Total participants in training were 36 (17-Male & 19-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “LSO Office” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Rehmatullah, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Abdul Khalique(activisit) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Faiz Muhammad (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Khushal Thar (Neetaveri). Mr.Faiz Muhammad has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 121 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 122 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Faiz Muhammad appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Mumtaz, Khalique, Abdul Khalique and other participant diccussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP Name of MPGs: Netaveri S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Rehmatullah Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 2 M.Ramzan Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 3 Khaliqu Dino Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Noor Muhammmad Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 5 Faiz Muhammad Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 5 MPG: Moorano (Village: Mithi Gheecho) Training workshop at MPG-Moorano was conducted at the MPG “Chilling Centre” on dated 11th November 2019. Total participants in training were 30 (13-Male & 17-females). 123 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Chilling Centre” and Dr.Farah Aijaz (LLS/SAGPL) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullamullah Juneejo (VO/Focal Person)Animal Breeding Tharparkar also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Gul Mummad, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Mehmood (M.T) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Sawan (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Moorano. Mr.Sawan has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Farah Aijaz conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be 124 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Farah discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Farah Aijaz started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income.Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: 125 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Sawan appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Waqar and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, in this regard Dr.Ghullamullah (VO/ Focal Person) along with Mr.Kalo (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullamullah also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On same day a field visit arranged for diagnosis of animals for Reproductive Disorders Dr.Ghullamullah did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP (MPG: Mithi Geecho) S.No: Name of Farmer Kind of Animal No:of Animal Disease Diagnosis Others Breeding Service 1 Sikandar Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 2 Mir Hassan Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 3 Abdullah Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation 4 Bilal Cow 1 Check Pregnancy Rectal Palpation 4 4.3 DPIU: Mirpurkhas 4.3.1 District: Mirpurkhas MPG: Bhalu bhati (Village Bhaloo Bhatti) Training at MPG-Bhaloo Bhatti was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 17th October 2019. Total participants at training program were 45 (23 Males and 13 Females, Guests 09). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Shahid Ali Khan (Project Coordinator/SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted training for male participants, and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted training for female participants at 126 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding house of Abdul Ghaffar Bhatti. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU- Mirpurkhas, Dr. Permanand, Deputy Director (Focal Person)-Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Sabir Ali, member of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Mukhtiar Bhatti, President of the MPG-Bhaloo Bhatti has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Speaking on the occasion Dr. Permanand said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Dr. Shahid Ali Khan started first part of the technical session of the workshop which was combined (male and female participants together). In this session, Dr. Khan asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Khan explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals. Especially role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about 127 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Khan discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Khan started training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with female participants and shared knowledge about parts of the female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of right timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no. 12 shared in detail about genetic improvement of animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it. By using cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: 128 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Mukhtiar has asked that I have a cross cow and which got bred few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Dr. Khan has replied that you must check your cow after two months, so that you are aware of reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Dr. Permanand (D.D) and he will check your cow. If others have to check pregnancy status of their animals, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Sabir and Ali Ghulam have also requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Khan informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Dr. Deepesh to make a list. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr. Permanand responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr. Permanand also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr. Mukhtiar where Dr. Permanand checked the cow and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation, he confirmed that it is three months pregnant. Mr. Mukhtiar was happy to hear the result. Then team visited the farm of Mr. Ali Ghulam. Dr. Permanand did PD test and responded that it is not pregnant. Finally, team visited the farm of Mr. Sabir, PD test was done in one buffalo and confirmed that the buffalo was about six months pregnant. At Mr. Sabir farm, there was issue of mastitis in buffalo. Dr. Permanand advised treatment procedure accordingly. Date MPG Farmer Activity No. of NIC Contact Details Animal Result Approximately Remarks Name Done Animals Preganancy 17 Oct, Bhaloo Ali Ghulam 44101-3575226-9 0302-3088773 Buffalo 2 Positive 03 Months pregnant No any Diagnosis 2019 Bhatti Preganancy Mukhtar Ali 44101-0158943-3 0301-3281048 Cow 1 Positive 03 Month preganant No any Diagnosis 129 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Inj: Progesterone 07 Month Sabir Preganancy 44101-5790531-9 0302-3086181 Buffalo 2 Positive given to 07 Months pregnant and Hussain Diagnosis pregnant buffalo one 3 Months Preganancy Near to 1 Positive No any Khadim Diagnosis paturation 44101-1922242-7 0305-3921901 Buffalo Hussain Udder Sub-Clinical 1 N/A No any tested Mastitis 130 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Islamdin Rangar (Village Islamdin Rangar) Training workshop at MPG-Islamdin Rangar was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 21st October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 45 (20 Males and 18 Females and Guests 07). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Din Muhammad. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU-Mirpurkhas, Dr. Permanand, Deputy Director (Focal Person)-Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Shah Muhammad member of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Din Muhammad, President of the MPG- Islamdin Rangar welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI. He added that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President advised participants for taking attention in training and you may ask question from trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more production from animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas welcomed all participants and appreciated efforts of ILRI for continuous in connection with capacity building of MPG members. He added that farmers should share their animal issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get maximum benefits from your animals and that’s what SAGP-L project aimed. Speaking on occasion Dr. Permanand thanked ILRI for starting the trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He also stressed farmers that you might take intense attention and share all your queries and doubts, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. 131 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the training in male side whereas, separate n female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about fodders & feeds. Farmers were fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors have an effect on overall productivity of your dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall bio-security measures and what to do to keep animal free from the diseases. Than talked on the role of farmers in vaccination and deworming and importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing where disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases farmers were aware about FMD, Mastitis and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge on Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should be kept separately and their water/feed utensils should also be separated. Whereas, they were also not clear the person who is caring the animals or treating the animal. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all animal health management aspects and how farmers can reduce the load of contagious disease. Regarding the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flex no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about the ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with female participants started talk on flexi No.5 and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. In addition, signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared on flex no. 06. In flexi No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding, their advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Whereas, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals 132 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding with having fully knowledge and skills in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Shared about the genetic improvement of animals in flexi no. 11 and no.12 by talking on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. Also, explained the long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and focused on the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more production as well as better economic profits. Also shared the all steps for the better reproductive management of the cow. Finally, all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, were being summarized and explained. Use of cow calendar also asking farmer to practice it by using it with example of there animal. By means of cow calendar you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Khushi Muhammad has asked that I have a buffalo and which was get bred few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Dr. Deepesh has replied that you must check your buffalo just after end of the training, so that you are aware of reproduction status of the buffalo. Luckily, Waqar Akbar (LSI) was also available there and he checked the buffalo. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Dilshad also requested to check their buffalo. Dr. Deepesh to make a list and animal being checked just after lunch. Waqar Akbar LSI also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and will treat your cow/buffalo accordingly. Field Visit: After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr. Dilshad, where Waqar Akbar LSI checked the buffalo and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation, he confirmed that it is three months pregnant. Mr. Dilshad was happy to hear the result. Then team visited the farm of Mr. Khushi Muhammad, PD test was positive and responded that animal is pregnant. Date MPG Farmer Activity No. of NIC Contact Details Animal Result Approximately Remarks Name Done Animals Islamdin Khushi Preganancy 04 Months 21 Oct, 2019 44101-9647832-9 O349-8414110 Buffalo 1 Positive No any Rangar Muhammad Diagnosis pregnant 133 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Dilshad Ali Preganancy 03 Month 44101-7969599-5 0344-3888232 Buffalo Diagnosis 1 Positive preganant No any 134 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding MPG: Deh 160 (Village Deh 160) Training workshop at MPG-Deh 160 was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 22nd October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 39 (21 Males and 08 Females and Guests 10). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the house of Farhat Vice President MPG. Dr. Siddique Mari, Veterinary Officer (Focal Person) - Animal Husbandry Mirpurkhas, Jameel Hyder, LSI (Service Provider) - Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Abid Hussain and also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He added that we are facing challenges in productivity and health of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He has stressed to participants for taking keen interest and whatever questions/reservations they have have they can ask ask from the trainers so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Dr. Siddique Mari, Focal Person Animal Husbandry, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for capacity building of the MPG members regarding Animal Breeding. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their animal issues in reproduction and breeding, so that it can be overcome and benefits could be taken from the animals. Jameel Hyder LSI speaking on the occasion said that we are thankful to ILRI for starting the capacity building training related to animal reproduction and breeding especially AI. He also advised farmers that you might take interest and share all your reservations and queries, so that services can be provided up to expectations. 135 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical part of session in male side whereas, separate in female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2 asked by Dr. Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, housing and availability of feeds and fodder. Farmers were aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in the profitable dairy business. If one factor is not correct it will lead to decrease in the milk production of the animal. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management questions were being asked from the participants about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Role of farmers and separating the animals in same grazing area in order to prevent from the prevailing disease. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding the Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases which will directly affects milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo- sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management facts and how farmers can decrease the disease load and how they can be handled whenever they face the diseases like contagious one. Feeds and feeding importance for their dairy animals was discussed in flexi no. 04. Farmers had knowledge about the ruminants but not fully aware. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates feeds. However, most farmers were offering fodder according to need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals they replied that they are practicing only two times in a day but not for 24 hours. They said they have better knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI in their MPG but change will be done slowly. When asked about minerals, they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to participants and explained the importance of the minerals and use of the rock salt in animal’s diet. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with the female participants. In this flexi No. 5 started with reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition, flexi No. 6 signs of heat and significance of appropriate timing in heat detection for successful breeding. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in 136 Report on Trainings conducted for MPG members on Animal Reproduction & Breeding flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Khalil Ahmed has asked that I have a buffalo, and which was get bred few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Dr. Deepesh has replied that you must check your buffalo just after end of the training, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the buffalo. He replied that my buffalo went to grazing and will call Jameel Hyder later for the P.D test. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow/buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Jameel Hyder also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the buffalo and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and will treat your cow/buffalo accordingly. Luckily Saleem Veesar was also available at the same time at MPG and shared regarding the marketing of the milk and executive body members and running the mpg. 137 MPG: Mandhrawala (Village Deh 155) Training workshop at MPG-Mandrawala was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 24th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 36 (24 Males and 10 Females and Guests 02). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at Female side. Jameel Hyder, LSI (Service Provider) - Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Azim Ali member of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ghulam Mahessar of the MPG-Mandrawala has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that lot of challenges are being faced and affecting the productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President addressed participants for taking full interest. Jameel Hyder LSI said that we are thankful to ILRI for the start of trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He shared that farmers should discuss all queries and reservations related to animal reproduction and breeding, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical session of workshop in male side whereas, separate LLS Khair un Nissa took separate session in female side. In this session many probing questions asked regarding factors affecting the profitability in dairy animals as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded that better health management, housing of animals and about availability of feeds and cleanliness are more important. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Kumar explained in detail how overall profitability of dairy business all these factors affect. What should we have to do keep the dairy business in profit? On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the biosecurity measures for the animals that they have to take to keep their animal free from the diseases. Role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and importance of not allowing in open grazing area with an identified animal herds which may have some prevailing diseases. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less 138 knowledge about FMD, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, directly affecting milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should be kept separately and their water and feed should also be separate from healthy animals. Dr. Kumar discussed all animal health management related aspects and how farmers can lessen the disease load and contagious diseases can be handled. Importance of feeds and feeding for dairy animals discussed in flexi. 04. Farmers had good knowledge regarding the ruminants and process of regurgitations and for what reason rumination is important. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates. However, most farmers are offering fodder grasses according to its availability but not according to the need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals as per their routine. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages of last two trainings and also focused on the rock salt and its importance in animal diet to the training participants. After tea break, Dr. Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition signs of heat and significance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results was discussed in flexi no. 5 and 6. In flexi No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding its advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting the Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibility of farmer in this regard. Moreover, briefed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder shared in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. In flexi no. 11 and no.12 talked on detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and also explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. All steps of keeping better reproductive management of cow with their importance. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar you can 139 get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Majid Ali has asked that I have a buffalo, and which was not showing heat after first breeding but I do not know how to check heat? Dr. Deepesh has requested Jameel Hyder to reply that question. Jameel Hyder has prescribed Injection Emate for buffalo and also focused on nutrition. Jameel Hyder also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the buffalo and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and will treat your cow/buffalo accordingly. 140 MPG: Wad E Mehran (Allah Wasayo Khaskeli) Training workshop at MPG-Wade-e-Mehran was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 28th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 43 (28 Males and 12 Females and Guests 03). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at Female side. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU-Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Recitation of Holy Quran was done by Gul Hassan before start of the training. After recitation of Holy Quran Mr. Manzoor Ali president of the MPG-Wade-e-Mehran has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for arranging training and to get together all the members. Lot of the challenges is being faced by the MPG Members regarding the Animal Health and Reproduction. President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you questions/reservations you may ask from trainers so that these issue could be resolved on time. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for 2nd phase of capacity building of MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity for the farmers of MPG to share their issues of animal reproduction and breeding, so they can be overcome and utmost benefits from animals can be obtained which is the aim of SAGP-L project. 141 Technical Session: Dr. Kumar started first part of the training session of the workshop in male side whereas, in female side LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding factors affecting the profitability in dairy business as per flexi No.2. In response they replied by Better Health Management, feeds and feeding and better environment we can make the environment suitable for the profitable dairy business. Dr. Kumar described in detail all these factors and they can affect the overall profitability of dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management training review already conducted by the ILRI trainers earlier. Participants were well aware about overall bio security measures for animals. Also the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming was being discussed and the importance of not combining animals in common grazing areas where disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked which diseases affect directly the milk production, farmers responded about ever disease affect the animals which ultimately lead in drop in milk production also. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about the use of separating sick animals and also the pouring of the dead animals in deep pit also. Whereas, they were less aware about care of animal care taker and of veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Kumar talked on the important aspects of the animal health management and how farmers can lessen the burden of disease and how contagious diseases can be treated. Feeds and feeding importance was discussed in flexi no.4. Farmers had good knowledge about ruminants and process of the rumination and the part where it occurs. Moreover, when asked types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like berseem, Jantar, wheat straw, rice straw, cotton seed cake, wheat straw and Wanda. Which were being than explained and divided into three types such as; Green grasses, dry grasses and concentrate. However, most farmers offering feeds as per availability not as per according to the animal body requirement and about offering free access to water, they replied that they are allowing two times only in a day but not 24 hours in a day. But few said we are also offering water in late night only. Asked about minerals, they said they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained importance of the minerals and all the key messages to the participants for last two training conducted already. After tea break, Dr. Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with female participants and shared the knowledge 142 about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by ovary in pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results was being discussed in flexi No. 6. Types of breeding and factors affecting Artificial Insemination and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard was being briefly discussed in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals and which animal should be selected for the profitable dairy business. Finally given message that this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no. 12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more productivity as well as better economical benefits. Also shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of cow with their importance. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained use of cow calendar in detail and asked to farmer to practice using it. By using cow calendar you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Manzoor Ali has asked that issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr. Kumar responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Another farmer I have a buffaloes and want to check the p test is it possible? Dr. Deepesh Kumar replied yes it is possible. He said just select a day and call the service provider he will come and perform the p test and will inform about your animal pregnancy if it is more than 03 months. 143 MPG: Mehran (Village: Mal Fakeer Dal) Training workshop at MPG-Mandrawala was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 29th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 37 (23 Males and 13 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at Sughra House. Inaugural Session: M. Asif member of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Qamar Zaman of the MPG- Mehran has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). Qamar talked that we are thankful to ILRI for providing the platform to combine all the members for the training and hope keen interest will be taken by the members and issues will be discussed regarding the animal reproductive disorders. Dr. Deepesh Kumar has welcomed all the participants and added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding which is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of training in male side whereas, separate n female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, housing and availability of feeds and fodder. Farmers were aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in the profitable dairy business. If one factor is not correct it will lead to decrease in the milk production of the animal. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management questions were being asked from the participants about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Role of farmers and separating the animals in same grazing area in order to prevent from the prevailing disease. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding the Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases which will directly affects milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with 144 generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about the person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management facts and how farmers can decrease the disease load and how they can be handled whenever they face the diseases like contagious one. Feeds and feeding importance for their dairy animals was discussed in flexi no. 04. Farmers had knowledge about the ruminants but not fully aware. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates feeds. However, most farmers were offering fodder according to need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals, they replied that they are practicing only two times in a day but not for 24 hours. They said they have better knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI in their MPG but change will be done slowly. When asked about minerals, they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants and explained the importance of the minerals and use of the rock salt in animal’s diet. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with the female participants. In this flexi No. 5 started with reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition, flexi No. 6 signs of heat and significance of appropriate timing in heat detection for successful breeding. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Steps of keeping better reproductive management was also discussed. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by 145 using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Zameer Ali has asked that issues regarding buffaloes and want to check the p test is it possible? Dr. Kumar replied yes it is possible. He said just select a day and call the service provider he will come and perform the p test and will inform about your animal pregnancy if it is more than 03 months. 146 MPG: Jeelani (Village: Ismail Kunbhar) Training workshop at MPG-Mandrawala was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 31st October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 39 (21 Males and 13 Females and Guests 05). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at Abdullah Nohri Village. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU- Mirpurkhas, Dr. Siddique Mari, Focal Person-Animal Husbandry Mirpurkhas, Muzaffar Hussain LSI (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Ali Nawaz Solangi member of MPG has started the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Arbab Soomro of the MPG-Jeelani has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). General Secretary has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Speaking on the occasion Dr. Siddique Mari, Focal Person Animal Husbandry said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. Muzafar Hussain 147 LSI- Service Provider Animal Breeding also welcomed the participants. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side whereas, separate and female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flexi No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked 148 about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, flexi No.6 different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flexi No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Arbab Soomro asked that issues regarding buffaloes and want to check the p test is it possible? Muzzafar Hussain replied yes it is possible. He said just handle the animal if available and he will do p test. Arbab Nohri asked what should we do if animal is not coming in heat? Muzafar replied animal come in heat after every 21 day after it puberty and just after gestation 40 days. If it is not coming in heat there may be issue of the nutrition, animal health and also there may be follicles in ovary which need to be palpated via inserting hand in the rectum. Otherwise need to give him the injection of Emate to make it able to come in heat within few days. Field Visit: Before the start of the training there was a buffalo in heat of the training participant Vashoo. Muzaffar Hussain checked the animal which was in heat and also said that has availability of local buffalo seed. Owner permitted for the A.I in his buffalo and A.I in buffalo and the procedure for the A.I was performed in front of all the male participants of the MPG. Before the A.I all the training contents related to A.I was being explained clearly to them. After lunch, paid vote of 149 thanks to all and left the mpg because of no any other related cases and already provision of the services by LSI. Date MPG Farmer Activity No. of NIC Contact Details Animal Result Approximately Remarks Name Done Animals Injection Local Vashoo Not Provided 0343-1381974 Buffalo A.I 1 N/A Dermalin Kundhi 31 Oct, Suggested semen Jeelani 2019 Placenta Sakina 44202-8427037-0 Not Provided Cow R.Placenta 1 N/A removed manually 150 MPG: Zahidabad (Village Zahidabad) Training at MPG-Zahidabad was conducted at MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 05th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 38 (20 Males and 14 Females and Guests 04). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at Lachmi Home. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU-Mirpurkhas, Muzaffar Hussain LSI (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Noor Ali of MPG has stared the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. M. Pinyal of the MPG- Zahidabad has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). Finanace Secretary has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM- DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members and to get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Speaking on the occasion Muzafar Hussain LSI- Service Provider Animal Breeding also welcomed the participants. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side whereas, separate and female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about fodders & feeds. Farmers were fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors have an effect on overall productivity of your dairy business. 151 On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall bio-security measures and what to do to keep animal free from the diseases. Than talked on the role of farmers in vaccination and deworming and importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing where disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases farmers were aware about FMD, Mastitis and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge on Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should be kept separately and their water/feed utensils should also be separated. Whereas, they were also not clear the person who is caring the animals or treating the animal. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all animal health management aspects and how farmers can reduce the load of contagious disease. Regarding the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flex no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about the ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with female participants started talk on flexi No.5 and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. In addition, signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared on flex no. 06. In flexi No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding, their advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Whereas, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Shared about the genetic improvement of animals in flexi no. 11 and no.12 by talking 152 on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. Also, explained the long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and focused on the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more production as well as better economic profits. Also shared the all steps for the better reproductive management of the cow. Finally, all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, were being summarized and explained. Use of cow calendar also asking farmer to practice it by using it with example of there animal. By means of cow calendar you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Ramesh asked that issues regarding cow and want to do A.I in cattle is it possible? Muzzafar Hussain replied yes it is possible? Another question asked by the member for which this facility is available? Dr. Deepesh replied those members which are giving milk at chiller for them this facility is free and no any charges for them. Field Visit: After lunch, paid vote of thanks and than moved to Ramesh home there was a cow in heat. Muzaffar Hussain checked the animal which was in heat and also said that has availability of seed there. Owner permitted for the A.I in his cow and A.I being done in the animal at the mean time by LSI. After that another animal was being checked for the heat cycle. Because animal of more than three years but not showing heat? So, Muzaffar put the hand in rectum and palpated the ovary and massage it and advised to check the animal in heat in few days and take it to Natural breeding. Date MPG Farmer Activity No. of NIC Contact Details Animal Result Approximately Name Done Animals Khushi 44101-9647832-9 O349-8414110 Muhammad Buffalo Preganancy 04 Months 21 Oct, Islamdin Diagnosis 1 Positive pregnant 2019 Rangar 03 Month Dilshad Ali Buffalo Preganancy 44101-7969599-5 0344-3888232 Diagnosis 1 Positive preganant 153 MPG: Fakeer Muhammad Halepoto (Village Fakeer Muhammad Halepoto) Training workshop at MPG-Faqeer M. Halepoto was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 06th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 21 (19 Males and 00 Females and Guests 02). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP- L) side no training for female participants was conducted. Muzaffar Hussain, LSI (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Latif of MPG has stared the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. A. Khalique of the MPG- Faqeer M. Halepoto has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Muzafar Hussain LSI-Service Provider Animal Breeding also welcomed the participants and stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the training in male side whereas, no session was conducted on female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, housing and availability of feeds and fodder. Farmers were aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in the profitable dairy business. If one factor is not correct it will lead to decrease in the milk production of the animal. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management questions were being asked from the participants about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Role of farmers and separating the animals in same grazing area in order to prevent from the prevailing disease. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding the 154 Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases which will directly affects milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about the person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management facts and how farmers can decrease the disease load and how they can be handled whenever they face the diseases like contagious one. Feeds and feeding importance for their dairy animals was discussed in flexi no. 04. Farmers had knowledge about the ruminants but not fully aware. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates feeds. However, most farmers were offering fodder according to need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals, they replied that they are practicing only two times in a day but not for 24 hours. They said they have better knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI in their MPG but change will be done slowly. When asked about minerals, they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants and explained the importance of the minerals and use of the rock salt in animal’s diet. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with the female participants. In this flexi No. 5 started with reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition, flexi No. 6 signs of heat and significance of appropriate timing in heat detection for successful breeding. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Steps of keeping better reproductive management was also discussed. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 155 Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Haji asked that issues regarding buffalo that he want t check whether it is pregnant or not? Muzaffar Hussain said yes he check it and tell whether it is pregnant or not. Another question by Latif regarding the vaccination was done that there was no any service provided at mpg by service provider. Dr. Deepesh replied he will convey message to DFM regarding that matter. Field Visit: After lunch, paid vote of thanks and then moved to Haji animal was being checked for the p test. Because animal he suggested is of six month pregnant. So, Muzaffar put the hand in rectum and palpated but it was negative one. So, got in worried that he was wasting his time but Muzaffar replied don’t worry he will come in heat soon and then allow for natural mating. 156 MPG: Al Hussaini (Village Muhammad Khan Lashari) Training workshop at MPG- Al-Hussaini was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 07th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 43 (20 Males and 16 Females and Guests 07). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Khair-un-Nisa (LLS/SAGP- L) conducted the training for female participants at Niaz Lashari Home. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU-Mirpurkhas, Muzaffar Hussain, LSI (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Mirpurkhas also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Munawar of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Niaz Ali president of the MPG-Al-Hussaini has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Speaking on the occasion Muzafar Hussain LSI-Service Provider Animal Breeding also welcomed the participants. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. 157 Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side whereas, separate and female side by LLS Khair un Nissa. In this session, Dr. Deepesh Kumar asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Deepesh Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management training review already conducted by the ILRI trainers earlier. Participants were well aware about overall bio security measures for animals. Also the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming was being discussed and the importance of not combining animals in common grazing areas where disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked which diseases affect directly the milk production, farmers responded about ever disease affect the animals which ultimately lead in drop in milk production also. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about the use of separating sick animals and also the pouring of the dead animals in deep pit also. Whereas, they were less aware about care of animal care taker and of veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Kumar talked on the important aspects of the animal health management and how farmers can lessen the burden of disease and how contagious diseases can be treated. Feeds and feeding importance was discussed in flexi no.4. Farmers had good knowledge about ruminants and process of the rumination and the part where it occurs. Moreover, when asked types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like berseem, Jantar, wheat straw, rice straw, cotton seed cake, wheat straw and Wanda. Which were being than explained and divided into three types such as; Green grasses, dry grasses and concentrate. However, most farmers offering feeds as per availability not as per according to the animal body requirement and about offering free access to water, they replied 158 that they are allowing two times only in a day but not 24 hours in a day. But few said we are also offering water in late night only. Asked about minerals, they said they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained importance of the minerals and all the key messages to the participants for last two training conducted already. After tea break, Dr. Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Khair un Nisa with female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by ovary in pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results was being discussed in flexi No. 6. Types of breeding and factors affecting Artificial Insemination and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard was being briefly discussed in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals and which animal should be selected for the profitable dairy business. Finally given message that this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no. 12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more productivity as well as better economical benefits. Also shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of cow with their importance. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained use of cow calendar in detail and asked to farmer to practice using it. By using cow calendar you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Ilahi Bux asked that issues regarding animal having prolapsed what to do? Muzaffar Hussain said we have to care the area where it is sitting and wether it has no any history of prolapsed. But we can set up prolapsed but animal frequently having prolapsed should be selled out because it may lead it to its young one also. Another question by Khamiso who can avail these facilities? Deepesh replied members of the mpg giving milk at chiller have the facilities to be availed. Those want to be member need to fill up new membership form also. Field Visit: After lunch, paid vote of thanks and then moved to Niaz animal was being checked for the p test. Because animal he suggested is of eight months pregnant. So, Muzaffar put the hand in rectum and palpated but it was negative one. Ajeeb Ali and M.Ali animal was not coming in heat was being palpated and also injected with Emate injection for the heat cycle. Whereas buffaloes of Shamon, Khamiso and Niaz was also was not coming in heat was being palpated and also injected with Emate injection. 159 Date MPG Farmer Contact Activity No. of NIC Animal Result Approximately Name Details Done Animals Shamoon Preganancy Injection 44103-4861892-1 Not Provided Buffalo Diagnosis 2 Negative Emate Khamiso 44103-1010746-3 0317-2842725 Buffalo Preganancy Injection Diagnosis 2 Negative Emate 7 Nov, Al- Niaz Ali 44103-8399173-1 0300-3544701 Buffalo Preganancy Injection Diagnosis 2 N/A Emate 2019 Hussaini Ayaz Ali 44103-7902353-5 0301-3767861 Buffalo Preganancy Injection Diagnosis 1 N/A Emate Ajeeb Ali 44105-3272366-5 Not Provided Cow Preganancy Injection Diagnosis 1 N/A Emate M.Ali 44103-2119270-5 0304-3147593 Cow Preganancy 1 N/A Injection Diagnosis Emate 160 4.3.2 District: Umerkot MPG: Jago Fakeer (Village: Missri Bhand) Training workshop at MPG-Jago Faqeer was conducted at the MPG venue on dated 11th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 21 (20 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants. Dr. Tirath Das, Veterinary Officer (Focal person) Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Recitation of Holy Quran was done by Murad to start training, Mr. Sher Muhammad president of the MPG-Jago Faqeer welcomed participants and thanked all for the participation in the training and also thanked ILI for the arranging training at MPG level. He said lot of issues are being faced to get productivity from the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President also said to participants for taking attention and if any questions/reservations have can be asked from them so that issues related could be solved and can get more & more production from our animals. Dr. Tirath Das, Focal person-Animal Breeding, Umerkot has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in capacity building of MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: First part of technical session of training was started in male side by Dr. Deepesh Kumar. • Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Kumar also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. • Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about 161 FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. • Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the regurgitation and also ruminants. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of the green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to the production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they have the routine of giving two time water to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on the minerals requirement, they did not know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Kumar explained regarding the minerals and all key messages related participants. Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group after a tea break. • Flexi No. 05: Kumar briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts, its location and overall functions by pictorial view in the flexi. • Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about signs of heat, importance of heat detection, proper timing in heat detection for successful mating and better results in breeding. • Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Deepesh briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in order to get more results from the successful A.I in animals. • Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that 162 selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. • Flexi No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how can get the better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for the animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. • Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training, session was opened for questions and answers, Sher Muhammad asked that issues regarding animal having prolapsed what to do? Dr. Tirath Das said we have to care but still we will not able to treat the properly prolapsed cases so it should be selled out because it may lead further loss. Another question by Roopshi said my buffalo was not showing heat as he is of 3 years? Dr. Tirath replied need to check the animal for the follicles and also need to provide the minerals to animal in current season. Roopshi said animal is in the field he will call on next time for the palpation. 163 MPG: Habib Halepoto (Village: Habib Halepoto) Training workshop at MPG-Habib Halepoto was conducted at the MPG venue on dated 12th November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 32 (31 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). All logistic arrangements were being made by Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) and conducted training for male participants. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Veterinary Doctor (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended the training. Inaugural Session: M. Ali of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Muhammad Aleem president of the MPG-Habib Halepoto has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President stressed participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and we more production in terms of milk and calf from our animals. Dr. Mukesh Kumar, Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for capacity building of the MPG members. He said that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that issues can be resolved and utmost benefits can be taken from the animal in terms of calf and money. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of training in male side. Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about fodders & feeds. Farmers were fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors have an effect on overall productivity of your dairy business. 164 On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall bio-security measures and what to do to keep animal free from the diseases. Than talked on the role of farmers in vaccination and deworming and importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing where disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases farmers were aware about FMD, Mastitis and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge on Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should be kept separately and their water/feed utensils should also be separated. Whereas, they were also not clear the person who is caring the animals or treating the animal. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all animal health management aspects and how farmers can reduce the load of contagious disease. Regarding the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flex no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about the ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. After tea break, Dr. Kumar started second session of training in male group and shared knowledge about female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In flexi No.6 signs of heat and proper timing of heat detection for getting successful breeding results. Flexi No. 7 and No. 8, shared types of breeding and their advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting Artificial Insemination and responsibility of farmer. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long- term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, 165 and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Steps of keeping better reproductive management was also discussed. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training session was opened for questions and answers. Muhammad Moosa asked that issues regarding animal having silent het what to do? Dr. Mukesh Kumar said we have to care and observe the animal closely just after each 21 days for the heat signs otherwise, need to observe swollen vulva, twisting up the tail and the water discharge with frequent urination as per taught in training. Another question by M. Yaqoob said my why milk is being discharged just before parturition from the udder of the animal? Dr. Deepesh replied that it was due to the hormones which increase in the level and lead to milk discharge from the udder of animal even not being milked. Question by Khan Muhammad that is there any possibility for the buffaloes to be mated via AI method with good quality semen? Dr. Mukesh replied yes we can do AI in buffalo with local breed semen available and preserved in the gas properly. 166 MPG: Girhori (Village Panho Khan Rajar) Training at MPG-Girhori was conducted on MPG venue dated 14th November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 32 (31 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of male participants. Dr. Tirath Das, Veterinary Officer (Focal person) Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended workshop. Inaugural Session: MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran by A. Hafeez. Mr. Muhammad Sharif president of MPG- Girhori has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that lot of hurdles are being faced in order to get desirable results from animals and also adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President focused that interest in training will create a hope to attain better production by resolving the issues related to animal reproduction and management. Dr. Tirath Das, Veterinary Officer (Focal person)-Service Provider Animal Breeding, Umerkot has welcomed participants on capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side. As per training flexi No.2. Dr. Kumar asked many questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business. Participants responded well about animal health management, about availability of fodders and environment of animals. Farmers were not fully aware about selecting the good dairy animal and also its genetic potential. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all those 03 factors which can affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals. Also role of the farmers in vaccination vaccination, deworming 167 and importance of not combining animals in common grazing areas prevailing diseases are occurring in common. Farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease as contagious diseases and they shared few signs and symptoms but also have knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. They shared that every disease having fever have effect on milk production. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for farmers who is looking after of sick animals and veterinarians/para-vet treating animals. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize diseases load and how they can handle whenever their animal face disease especially contagious diseases. Importance of feeds and feeding for dairy animals on flexi no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about ruminants and regurgitation. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds they responded well by giving examples like grasses like berseem, jantar, lucerne and wheat straw and concentrate feed. Whereas, farmers shared that according to availability they are offering feed to animal but not according to need and production of animal. Regarding offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge on water. When asked about minerals, they said they fed only rock salt but did not know about importance of other minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants which are being as per the training sharing and useful for the farmers. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group participants started talk on flexi No.5 and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. In addition, signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared on flex no. 06. In flexi No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding, their advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Whereas, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Shared about the genetic improvement of animals in flexi no. 11 and no.12 by talking on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. Also, explained the long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and focused on the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more production as well as better economic profits. Also shared the all steps for the better 168 reproductive management of the cow. Finally, all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, were being summarized and explained. Use of cow calendar also asking farmer to practice it by using it with example of there animal. By means of cow calendar you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Latif Brother asked that issues regarding animal having mastitis what to do? Dr. Tirath replied need to focus first on the environment. Also need to the treat by providing the lemon and sat mix to the animal to neutralize the udder affected with mastitis. Latif brother also shared that if you have to check animal got pregnant in four days by observing the vulva with white discharge early in the morning with clear discharge. If no clear discharge with precipitation will be observed mean animal was not being pregnant. 169 MPG: Bhattai (Village: Attal Rajar) Training at MPG-Bhittai was conducted at the MPG venue on dated 18th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 34 (33 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants. Raj Kumar LSI, Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: M. Aalam of MPG has started the training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Irfan Hassan of MPG-Bhittai has also welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). Finance Secretary has addressed to participants for taking full concentration and if any questions/reservations have, must ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more production from our animals. Raj Kumar LSI, Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot welcomed all the participants and and appreciated the continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of MPG members by ILRI. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get maximum benefits from animals as per capability of the animals. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of technical session of the workshop in male side. Many probing questions regarding factors affecting in dairy farming business were being asked by trainer as per no. 02 flexi. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in the profitable dairy business. If one factor is not correct it will lead to decrease in the milk production of the animal. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity 170 measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flexi No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Deepesh Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group. In this flexi No. 5 started with reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition, flexi No. 6 signs of heat and significance of appropriate timing in heat detection for successful breeding. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Steps of keeping better reproductive management was also discussed. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked 171 farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Muharam Ali asked do there any facility that we can go for the AI training. Dr. Deepesh in response replied yes just from the MPG two interested and keen to work nomination will be provided to DFM Mirpurkhas he will forward name for the AI training at AI Training center Tandojam for a month with all cost will be beard up by project. Other person Magharam asked do we avail this facility for our animals. Dr. Deepesh replied if you are member at mpg than you can utilize this facility free of cost. 172 MPG: Sarwar Cooperative (Village Makhdom Talib Mola) Training workshop at MPG-Sarwari Co-operative was conducted at the MPG venue on dated 19th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 40 (19 Males and 17 Females and Guests 04). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants. Whereas, separate session for the female arranged was being conducted by the Shabana from Leads International at Meenhal Home. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU-Mirpurkhas and Raj Kumar, Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: M.Waris of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Aalam Rajar of the MPG-Sarwari Co-Operative has also welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has said to participants for taking interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Speaking on the occasion Raj Kumar further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: 173 Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side. Whereas, Shabana started session at Female side. Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Kumar also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the ruminants and also process of rumination. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses such as Lucerne, Jantar in green grasses and dry grasses such as wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they are offering water two times in a day to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on minerals requirement, they know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Kumar explained regarding the water importance and all key messages related to participants. Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Shabana in female group after a tea break. 174 Flexi No. 05: Kumar briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts, its location and overall functions by pictorial view in the flexi. Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about signs of heat, importance of heat detection, proper timing in heat detection for successful mating and better results in breeding. Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Deepesh briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in order to get more results from the successful A.I in animals. Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. Flexi No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how can get the better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for the animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Aalam Rajar asked do have facility for the Brahman seed. Raj Kumar replied he don’t have the Brahman seed and SAGP-L is providing imported seed. Another question by Meenhal that which animals are going to be checked and AI. Raj Kumar replied buffalo/cow he can do all thing whereas, also in goats it can be done. 175 MPG: Khushhal (Village: Haji Muhammadin) Training at MPG-Khushal was conducted at the MPG venue on dated 22nd November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 31 (30 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants. Dr. Tirath Das, Veterinary Doctor (Focal person) Service Provider- Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended training. Inaugural Session: M. Aslam of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Sarfaraz Hussain Raja of the MPG-Khushal has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). G. Secretary has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Tirath Das, Focal person-Animal Breeding, Umerkot has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side. Dr. asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. 176 On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flexi No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, flexi No.6 different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flexi No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their 177 animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Sarfaraz Hussain Raja asked do we avail this facility for our animals. Dr. Deepesh replied if you are member at mpg than you can utilize this facility free of cost. Another question by Zahid that my animal was having problem of retention of placenta few days before and he has treated with Enroflox group. But Dr. Tirath replied that you also Oxy LA will be best in front of it and will give the results. 178 MPG: Cheema Farm (Village: Cheema Farm) Training at MPG-Cheema Farm was conducted at the MPG venue on dated 25th November, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 30 (26 Males and 00 Females and Guests 04). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, District Field Manager-DPIU- Mirpurkhas and Raj Kumar, LSI (Service Provider) Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: M.Afzal of MPG has started the training by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ramesh Kumar of the MPG-Cheema Farm has also welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). G. Secretary has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Naseem Hussain Laghari, DFM-DPIU, Mirpurkhas has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Speaking on the occasion Raj Kumar further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. 179 Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side. Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management, participants were aware about the biosecurity measures for the animals that they have to take to keep their animal free from the diseases. Role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and importance of not allowing in open grazing area with an identified animal herds which may have some prevailing diseases. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about FMD, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, directly affecting milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should be kept separately and their water and feed should also be separate from healthy animals. Dr. Kumar discussed all animal health management related aspects and how farmers can lessen the disease load and contagious diseases can be handled. On Flexi No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Deepesh Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants. 180 After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, flexi No.6 different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Steps of keeping better reproductive management was also discussed. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Ramesh Kumar asked do have facility for all the member? Dr Deepesh replied yes for all those who are giving milk at chiller room. Laldin asked how he can know the quality of the straw used which is dead or live. Raj Kumar replied he need to check only the semen straw by putting in the Luke warm water. If straw is dead it will not drown if dead will be drown in the water mean dead or straw not fully sealed. Field Visit: After lunch, paid vote of thanks there was one animal of the laldin to be checked for the p test. Raj Kumar checked the animal and it was positive for more than five months pregnancy. Owner was happy to listen whereas his keeper said it is of seven months. Laldin said from now he will try to keep record to observe the dates for confirmation. 181 MPG: Sindh Dhatti (Village: Allah Dad Chandio) Training at MPG-Sindh Dhatti was conducted at MPG venue on dated 26th November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 22 (21 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants. Dr. Tirath Das, Veterinary Officer (Focal person) Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot also attended training. Inaugural Session: Ranjhoo Khan of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Allah Dad of MPG-Sindh Dhatti has also welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr.Tirath Das, Veterinary Officer (Focal person) Service Provider-Animal Breeding, Umerkot has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. He further stressed to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. 182 Technical Session Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of the technical session of the workshop in male side. Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Kumar also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the regurgitation and also ruminants. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of the green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to the production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they have the routine of giving two time water to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on the minerals requirement, they did not know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Kumar explained regarding the minerals and all key messages related participants. Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group after a tea break. 183 Flexi No. 05: Kumar briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts and its function, its location and overall functions from ova discharge up to formation of young one and than parturition by pictorial view in flexi. Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about signs of heat such as mounting, water discharge from vulva etc, importance of heat detection and proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding and better results. Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Kumar briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in order to get more results from the successful A.I in animals in terms of better progeny with good characters and milk production with more profits. Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. Also focused that those animals having low production, older in age, health status and reproductive problems. Flexi No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how can get the better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for the animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of animals who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination or artificial insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Also talked on the record keeping on the animal health register. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Allah Din asked do there is effect of mineral deficiency on animals? Dr. Tirath replied yes it has effect on animals in many ways. It can also affect in the reproductive system and also normal heat cycle. Another question by Allah do this department peoples give service at time and to whom they will provide this service? Dr Deepesh replied this facility is for the members of the mpg and department peoples give service on time if reported on time. 184 4.4 DPIU: Shaheed Benzirabad 4.4.1 District: Shaheed Benzirabad MPG: Hot Jo Wahan (Village: Hot Jo Wahan) Training workshop at MPG-Hot JO Wahan was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 21th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 39 (23 males and 16 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements and Dr. Shaded Ali Khan (Project Coordinator/SAGP-L-ILRI) conducted the training for male participants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Hayat Unar (President of Executive Body). Further, Dr. Ellahi Bux Jogi (Deputy Director SAGPL), Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho and Deputy Director (Focal Person)-Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and observed the implementation of training accordingly. Inaugural Session: Mr Muhammad Zaman, Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Muhammad Ayoub, President of the MPG-Hot Jo Wahan has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Ellahi Bux Jogi (Deputy Director SAGPL) welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Barkat said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 185 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Dr. Shahid Ali Khan started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Dr. Shahid Ali Khan asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Khan clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Especially the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Khan started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and 186 overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr Ayoub has asked that I have a cross cow, and which was get bred few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Dr. Khan has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Dr. Ashique (VO) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Hayat and Amjad have also requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Khan informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Dr. Shahzad to make a list. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr. Ashique responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho (Focal person Breeding) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 187 MPG: Maro Mehar (Village: Mitho Khan Jokio) Training workshop at MPG-Maro Mehar was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 22th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 43 (30 males and 13 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements and Dr. Shahzad Iqbal conducted the training for male participants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Haji Salim (Milk Technique). Further, Dr. Ashique Ali Parhiyar (Veterinary Officer)-Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and observed the implementation of training accordingly. Inaugural Session: Mr Haji Salim, (Milk Technique) member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Ghullam Shabir, President of the MPG-Maro Mehar has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Ashique Ali (Veterinary Officer) welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr Shahzad started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 188 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Dr. Shahzad Iqbal started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP and (male Dr Shahzad Iqbal and female participants Dr Shereen) shared detail discussed on each flexi). In this session, Dr. Shahzad asked many analytical questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahzad clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost- effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Especially the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Shahzad started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. 189 In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Salim and Mr. Ghullam shabir has asked that I have a cow, and which was pregnant few months but I do not know about conformed pregnancy? Dr. Shahzad has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Dr. Ashique (VO) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Mumtaz and Ghullam Shabir have also requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Shahzad informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Dr. Shahzad to make a list. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr. Ashique responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr. Ashique Ali parhiyar (Veterinary officer) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: 190 Instance: 01 After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr Haji Salim, where Dr. Ashique checked the Buffalo and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation, he confirmed that it is five months pregnant. Mr Salim was happy to hear the result. Then services provider visited the farm of Mr Ghullam Shabir, Dr. Ashique did PD test and responded that it is not pregnant. Finally, team visited the farm and check another farmer buffalo issues services provider check accordingly given suggestion and treatment Services provider given detail cause of disease and given valuable suggestion and inputs to farmer for preventative disease some animals were not come on estruses cycle. After this case services provider check the some farmer three animals for conformation of pregnancy diagnosis two animals were pregnant one animal not pregnant Some farmers having facing problem services from project Artificial insemination services not satisfied from services provider he was taken services from private practitioner 191 MPG: Muqeem Dahari (Village: Muqeem Dahari) Training workshop at MPG-Muqeem Dahari was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 24th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 31 (21 males and 10 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and essential provisions and Dr. Shahzad Iqbal conducted the training for male participants while Dr. Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Abdul Rasheed (President). Further, Mr: Syed Habib shah (livestock inspector- LSI)-Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and experimental the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr. Asif Ali (Mpg Member) has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr. Abdul Rasheed, President of the MPG- Muqeem Dahari has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He further that we are facing lot of contests in attainment productivity of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Mr: Habib Shah (LSI) welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr Shahzad started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 192 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Dr. Shahzad Iqbal started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP and (male Dr Shahzad Iqbal and female participants Dr Shereen) shared detail discussed on each flexi). In this session, Dr. Shahzad asked many analytical questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahzad simplified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost- effectiveness of your dairy occupational. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Especially the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Shahzad started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. 193 In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr Abdul Rasheed has asked that I have a cow, and which was pregnant last four months but I do not know about conformed pregnancy? Dr. Shahzad has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Services provider we have with us today, Mr: Habib Shah (LSI) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Gulab and Mr Abdul Rasheed have also requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Shahzad informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Trainer to make a list. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Services provider responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Mr: Habib Shah (LSI) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: 194 Instance: 01 After lunch, all training team members visited first the farm of Mr Abdul Rasheed, where services provider checked the Cow and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation, he confirmed that it is five months pregnant. Mr .Abdul Rasheed was to hear the result. Then services provider visited the farm of Mr Gulab, services provider did PD test and returned that it is not pregnant. Finally, visited the farm and check another farmer buffalo issues services provider check consequently given suggestion and treatment Services provider given valuable suggestion and inputs to farmer for preventative disease some animals were not come on heat, some framers reproductive disorders. Some farmers having facing problem services from project Artificial insemination, Vaccination, drenching, and treatment services not satisfied from project services provider he was taken services from private practitioner. 195 MPG: Jamal Shah (Village: Jamal Shah) Training workshop at MPG- Jamal shah was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 28th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 27 (12 males and 15 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements and conducted the training for male participants while Dr. Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Abdul Sattar Mehar (Vice President). Further, Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho and Deputy Director (Focal Person)- Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and observed the implementation of training accordingly. Inaugural Session: Mr Faiz Muhammad, Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Subsequently, Mr Allah Rakhio, President of the MPG-Jamal Shah has greeted all the participants and acknowledged ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice prospect to our farmers to segment their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Barkat said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 196 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Dr. Shahzad asked many efficient questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about accessibilities of forages and feeds. Farmers were not fully conscious about the prominence of selection of good milking animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the general cost- effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 interconnected to animal health management, contestants were got attentive about the generally biosecurity processes for the animals. Specifically the character of growers in immunization, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were conscious about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and indicators but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health managing and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 almost the importance of forages and feeding for their dairy animals, growers had moral knowledge about the ruminants and procedure of regurgitations. Moreover, when examined about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are subscription feeds according to its conveniences but not rendering to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When questioned about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer clarified all the key communications to the participants. 197 After tea break, Trainer on-going training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female contestants and collective the knowledge about portions of female reproductive organ, position and inclusive functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterward completing the workshop, gathering was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Faiz has asked that I have a cow, for (AI) local breed and which was get local breed few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are attentive of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Mr Ali sher (LSI) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Faiz have also requested to check their buffaloes, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Mr Ali Sher (LSI) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho (Focal person Breeding) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo affording. 198 MPG: Pirbhat (Village: Sahib Khan Jalalani) Training workshop at MPG- Pirbhat was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 29th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 26 (16 males and 10 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements and conducted the training for male participants while Dr. Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Muhammad Hanif Jalalani (General Secretary). Further, Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho and Deputy Director (Focal Person)- Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and observed the implementation of training accordingly. Introductory Session: Mr. Suhbat Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Consequently, Mr. Ghullam Mustafa, President of the MPG-Pirbhat has greeted all the contestants and acknowledged ILRI for establishing this sort of training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to contestants for taking full concentration and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be explained and so eventually they can get more and more invention from our animals. Greeted all the contestants and thanked ILRI for continuous determinations in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice vision to our farmers to segment their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Barkat said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. Technical Session: As far as the technical characteristics, Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Dr. Shahzad requested many efficient questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. Contestants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about accessibilities of forages and feeds. Farmers were not fully conscious about the prominence of 199 assortment of good milking animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the general cost-effectiveness of your dairy occupational. On flex No. 3 interconnected to animal health management, contestants were got attentive about the generally biosecurity processes for the animals. Precisely the character of farmers in immunization, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging capacities where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were conscious about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and indicators but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned almost diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health managing and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 almost the importance of forages and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had ethical knowledge about the ruminants and procedure of regurgitations. Moreover, when examined about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are subscription feeds according to its conveniences but not interpretation to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a last year training by ILRI. When questioned about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer clarified all the key communications to the participants. 200 After tea break, Trainer on-going training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female contestants and collective the knowledge about portions of female reproductive organ, position and inclusive functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, Dr Shahid Ali Khan (ILRI-Coordinator-SAGPL) summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterward completing the workshop, gathering was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Muhammad Hanif has asked that I have a cow, for (AI) local breed and which was get local breed few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are attentive of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Mr. Amanullah Soomro (LSI) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Hanif have also requested to check their animal, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive due reproductive disorder services provider. Mr. Amanullah Soomro (LSI) responded that from now check the animals onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho (Focal person Breeding) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo affording. 201 MPG: Mall Raho (Village: Mall Raho) Training workshop at MPG-Mall Raho was conducted at the MPG Common place sitting area on dated 24th October 2019. Total participants at the training program were 31 (19 males and 12 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and essential provisions and Dr. Shahzad Iqbal conducted the training for male participants while Dr. Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Haji Kamal (President). Further, Mr: Manzoor Baladi (livestock inspector-LSI)- Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and experimental the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr Qurban Ali (Mpg Member) has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Haji Kamal, President of the MPG-Mall Raho has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He further that we are facing lot of contests in attainment productivity of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Mr: Manzoor Baladi (LSI) welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr Shahzad started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Dr. Shahzad Iqbal started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP and (male Dr Shahzad Iqbal and female participants Dr Shereen) shared detail discussed on each flexi). In this session, Dr. Shahzad asked many analytical questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy (Milking Animals) farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of 202 fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahzad simplified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost- effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Especially the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved 203 by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long- term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Haji Kamal has asked that I have a cow, and which was pregnant last four months but I do not know about conformed pregnancy? Dr. Shahzad has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the Cow and Buffalo. Luckily, we have with us today, Mr: Manzoor Baladi (LSI) and he will check your animal. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Ali Awis newly trained (AI) from mpg Mall Raho through SAGPL project have also requested to services provider for practice in the field activities check their buffaloes, Dr. Shahzad informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Trainer to make a list. Another farmer Ali Awis shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Services provider responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Mr: Manzoor Baladi (LSI) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 204 MPG: Haji Baqir Magsi Cooperative (Village: Haji Baqir Mangsi) Training workshop at MPG-Baqir Magsi was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 04th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 32 (18 males and 14 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements and conducted the training for male participants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Muhammad Younis (President of Executive Body). Further, Mr Amanullah Soomro (LSI)- Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also attended the training workshop and observed the implementation of training accordingly. Inaugural Session: Mr Rehmatullah, Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr. Muhammad Younis, President of the MPG-Bair Magsi has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment yield of the animals and variation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to contestants for pleasing full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all the participants and thanked for continuous efforts in connection of the capacity building of the MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 205 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Trainer started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Trainer asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and almost availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Exclusively the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. 206 In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, informed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having entirely awareness and assistances (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in aspect nearby genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterwards concluding the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, all participates has asked that we have a cross cow, and which was get bred few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow, and discussed reproductive disorders services provider with us today, Mr Amanullah Soomro (LSI) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Muhammad Sadiq and Mr Muhammad Umar have also requested to their buffaloes problem, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Mr Amanullah Soomro (LSI) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Mr Amanullah (LSI) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 207 MPG: Ismail Keerio (Village: Mullan Sand) Training workshop at MPG-Ismail keerio was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 05th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 24 (14 males and 10 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements conducted the training for male contestants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Allah Dad (General Secretary of Executive Body). Further, Dr. Tariq Noorani (Focal SAGPL), and Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho Deputy Director (Focal Person)-Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad also joined the training workshop and perceived the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr Abdul Hameed, Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Allah dad, General Secretary of the MPG-Ismail keerio has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are fronting lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and distinction of Artificial Insemination (AI). General Secretary has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these concerns could be explained and so eventually they can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Tariq Noorani (Focal person SAGPL) greeted all the contestants and thanked ILRI for continuous determinations in assembly of the capability building of the MPG members. Supplementary, he added that it is nice occasion to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and principally this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Barkat said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in instruction to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 208 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Trainer started first part of the methodological session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Trainer enquired many systematic questions regarding essential factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Contributors responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Principally the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and 209 overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterwards concluding the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, all participates has asked that we have a cross cow, and which was get bred few months but I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow, and discussed reproductive disorders services provider with us today, Mr Azizullah Soomro (LSI) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Allah dad have also requested to their buffaloes problem, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Mr Azizullah Soomro (LSI) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Mr Azizullah (LSI) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 210 MPG: Satpuri (Village: Satpuri) Training workshop at MPG-Satpuri was conducted at the MPG communal sitting place on dated 08th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 27 (19 males and 08 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements conducted the training for male contestants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Abdul Azeem (General Secretary of Executive Body). Further, workshop and perceived the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr Javed, Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Javed, President of the MPG- Satpuri has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are fronting lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and distinction of Artificial Insemination (AI). General Secretary has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these concerns could be explained and so eventually they can get more and more production from our animals. Mr Zahid Ali greeted all the contestants and thanked ILRI for continuous determinations in assembly of the capability building of the MPG members. Supplementary, he added that it is nice occasion to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and principally this is the aim of SAGP- L project. Meanwhile, Mr Zahid that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in instruction to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 211 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Trainer started first part of the methodological session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Trainer enquired many systematic questions regarding essential factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Contributors responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Principally the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and 212 overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterwards concluding the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, all participates has asked that we do not care at the time of heat animals but now we care actual time of heat. One farmer I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow, and discussed reproductive disorders services provider with us today, Mr Zahid Ali (LSI) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Abdul Azeem have also requested to their buffaloes problem, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Mr Zahid Ali (LSI) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Mr Zahid Ali (LSI) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 213 MPG: Al-Hussaini (Village: Abbas Keerio) Training workshop at MPG-Al Hussani was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 11th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 36 (23 males and 13 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements conducted the training for male contestants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Dur Muhammad (General Secretary of Executive Body). Further, Dr. Tariq Noorani (Focal SAGPL), and Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho Deputy Director (Focal Person)-Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad Dr Raiz Jamali (VO) Animal Breeding also joined the training workshop and perceived the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr Rajab Ali, Executive body member has stared the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Dur Muhammad, President of the MPG- Al Hussani has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are fronting lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and distinction of Artificial Insemination (AI). General Secretary has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these concerns could be explained and so eventually they can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Tariq Noorani (Focal person SAGPL) greeted all the contestants and thanked ILRI for continuous determinations in assembly of the capability building of the MPG members. Supplementary, he added that it is nice occasion to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and principally this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Barkat said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in instruction to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. Technical Session: 214 As far as the technical aspects, Trainer started first part of the methodological session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Trainer enquired many systematic questions regarding essential factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Contributors responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Principally the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. 215 In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterwards concluding the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, all participates has asked that we do not care at the time of heat animals but now we care actual time of heat. One farmer I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you must be aware of the reproduction status of the cow, and discussed reproductive disorders services provider with us today, Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Dur Muhammad have also requested to their buffaloes problem, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 216 MPG: Sarwari (Village: Murad Ali Unar) Training workshop at MPG-Sarwari was conducted at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 12th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 31 (20 males and 11 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements conducted the training for male contestants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Zulfiqar Ali Unar (President of Executive Body). Further, Dr. Tariq Noorani (Focal SAGPL), and Dr. Barkat Ali Lakho Deputy Director (Focal Person)-Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad Dr Raiz Jamali (VO) Animal Breeding also joined the training workshop and perceived the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr Rahib Ali, Executive body member has started the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Zulfiqar, President of the MPG- Sarwari has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are fronting lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and distinction of Artificial Insemination (AI). General Secretary has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these concerns could be explained and so eventually they can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Tariq Noorani (Focal person SAGPL) greeted all the contestants and thanked ILRI for continuous determinations in assembly of the capability building of the MPG members. Supplementary, he added that it is nice occasion to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and principally this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Barkat said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in instruction to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 217 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Trainer started first part of the methodological session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Trainer enquired many systematic questions regarding essential factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Contributors responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Principally the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and 218 overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterwards concluding the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, all participates has asked that we do not care at the time of heat animals but now we care actual time of heat. One farmer I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you must be aware of the reproduction status of the cow, and discussed reproductive disorders services provider with us today, Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Zulfiqar Ali have also requested to their buffaloes problem, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 219 MPG: Chack No.3 (Village: Chack No 3) Training workshop at MPG-Chack 03 was conducted at the MPG Common Sitting Area on dated 20th November 2019. Total participants at the training program were 18 (15 males and 03 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements conducted the training for male contestants while Dr.Shereen Memon (DFM/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at the designated venue i.e. house of Mr Ashfaque Ahmed (President of Executive Body). Further, Dr Raiz Jamali (VO) -Animal Breeding, Shaheed Benzirabad Animal Breeding also joined the training workshop and perceived the implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr Zia Rehman, Executive body member has started the training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Ashfaque Ahmed, President of the MPG- Chack 03 has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this sort of training. He added that we are fronting lot of challenges in attainment productivity of the animals and distinction of Artificial Insemination (AI). Mr Ashfaque Ahmed has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from the trainers so that these concerns could be explained and so eventually they can get more and more production from our animals. Ameer Ali abbasi (Leads Foundation) greeted all the contestants and thanked ILRI for continuous determinations in assembly of the capability building of the MPG members. Supplementary, he added that it is nice occasion to our farmers to share their concerns in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get utmost benefits from their domestic animals and principally this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, Dr. Raiz said that they are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI and further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in instruction to have provision of services up to the settled expectations. 220 Technical Session: As far as the technical aspects, Trainer started first part of the methodological session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Trainer enquired many systematic questions regarding essential factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. And Contributors responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. On flex No. 3 correlated to animal health management, contestants were got aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for the animals. Principally the character of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging areas where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its accessibilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female participants and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and 221 overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: Afterwards concluding the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, all participates has asked that we didn’t care at the time of heat animals but now we care actual time of heat. One farmer I do not know about pregnancy? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you must be aware of the reproduction status of the cow, and discussed reproductive disorders services provider with us today, Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) and he will check your cow. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr Ashfaque have also requested to their buffaloes problem, Trainer informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals. Another farmer shared issues regarding AI that he inseminated his cows, but result was not positive. Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr Raiz Ali Jamali (VO) also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 222 4.4.2 District: Naushahro Feroze MPG: Abra Cooperatives (Village: Goto Poto) Training at MPG-Abra Cooperative was conducted on dated 18 November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 30 (16 Males and 14 Females, Guests 01). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Zahid Hussain Memon, Veterinary Officer (Service Provider) Mr. Abdul Qayoom (LSI)-Animal Breeding Moro also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Manthar Ali of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Abdul Hafeez, president of the MPG-Abra Cooperatives welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Zahid Hussain Memon, Veterinary Officer said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Memon asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Memon explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked 223 about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices 224 for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Hafeez has asked that we have cow in village and call dr privately for AI do this service have any cost for us? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Zahid Hussain Memon replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 225 MPG: Qamarding Chandio (Village: Qamardin Chandio) Training at MPG-Qamardin chandio Cooperative was conducted on dated 19 November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 40 (31 Males and 09 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Qasir Nawaz of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ramzan Chandio, president of the MPG-Qamardin Cooperatives welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan, said that we are thankful to executive bodie that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Memon asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Memon explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary 226 measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved 227 reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Hafeez has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 228 MPG: Meer Muhammad Korejo (Village: Meer Muhammad Korejo) Training at MPG-Meer Muhammad Korejo Cooperative was conducted on dated 22 November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 25 (19 Males and 06 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper (veterinary Officer) animal breeding Also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Lal Muhammad of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr.Sain Bux, president of the MPG-Meer Muhammad Korejo Cooperatives welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper, said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Memon asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Memon explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally 229 leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. 230 In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Sain Bux has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 231 MPG: Mangho Khan Dahar (Village: Mangho Khan Dhar) Training at MPG-Magho Khan Dahar Cooperative was conducted on dated 25 November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 28 (20 Males and 08 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper (veterinary Officer) animal breeding Also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Mujeeb of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Muzffar, president of the MPG- Meer Magho Khan Dahar Cooperatives welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper, said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Memon asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Memon explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, 232 worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by 233 undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Mujeeb has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 234 MPG: Al Jahania Mast Qalendar (Village: Muqrari Zardari) Training at MPG-Al-Jahania Mast Qalandar Cooperative was conducted on dated 27 November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 34 (20 Males and 14 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Imtaiz Burriro (veterinary Officer), Mr. Munwar Ali Kalhoro (LSI) animal breeding Also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Nadeem of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ashique, president of the MPG- Al-Jahania Mast Qalandar Cooperative welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Imtaiz Burriro, said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an 235 insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Ashique has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Imtaiz Burriro replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 236 MPG: Khoro Sharif (Village: Khoro Shareef) Training at MPG-Khoro Shareef Cooperative was conducted on dated 28 November, 2019. Total participants at training program were 34 (19 Males and 15 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Mr. Ghullam Mujtaba (LSI) animal breeding also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Muhammad Haroon of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Rahib Khan, General Secretary of the MPG- Khoro Shareef Cooperative welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Mr. Ghullam Mujtaba (LSI), said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination 237 (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Mujeeb has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Mr. Ghullam Mujtaba (LSI) replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 238 MPG: Nagar Khan Solangi (Village: Nangar Khan Solangi) Training at MPG-Nangar Khan Solangi Cooperative was conducted on dated 02 December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 42 (31 Males and 11 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) Dr. Fozia (LLS_SAGPL) in Female has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper (veterinary Officer) animal breeding also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Ali Khan of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Abdul Razzaque General Secretary of the MPG- Nangar Khan Solangi Cooperative welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper, said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is 239 the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Shamsdin has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper (VO) replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 240 MPG: Sher Muhammad Mammar (Village: Sher Muhammad Mammar) Training at MPG-Sher Muhammad Mammar Cooperative was conducted on dated 31 December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 22 (22 Males and 00 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Mr. Ghullam Mujtaba (LSI) animal breeding also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Farhan MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Irfan Ali Mammar president of the MPG- Sher Muhammad Mammar Cooperative welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper, said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination 241 (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Irfan has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Mr. Ghullam Mujtaba (LSI) replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 242 MPG: Peer Ilyas Kalahoro (Village Peer Ilyas Kalhoro) Training at MPG-Pir Ilyas Kalhoro was conducted on dated 31 December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 25 (24 Males and 00 Females, Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Gulzar Lakho, Veterinary Officer (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding Kandiyaro also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Qutub Uddin of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ghani Kalhoro, Finance Secretary of the MPG- Pir Ilyas Kalhoro welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Gulzar Lakho said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. 243 Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Deepesh discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. 244 Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Ghani has asked that we have cow in village and call dr privately for AI do this service have any cost for us? Dr. Deepesh has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Gulzar Lakho replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 245 MPG: Allah Bux Tanwari (Village: Allah Bux Tanwai) Training at MPG-Allah Bux Tanwari was conducted on dated 01st January, 2020. Total participants at the training program were 21 (20 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training for male participants. Karamullah Panhwar, LSI (Service Provider) - Animal Breeding, Mithyani also attended training. Inaugural Session: Ahsan Ullah of MPG has started the training by recitation of Holy Quran. Manthar Ali of MPG-Allah Bux Tanwari has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training after long time. He added challenges are faced and leading to decrease in the productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). Manthar Ali addressed participants for taking full interest and ask question related to Animal Breeding and Reproduction. Karmullah Panhwar, LSI said that we are thankful to ILRI for start of trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI in Animals. He shared that farmers should discuss all queries and reservations linked to animal reproduction and breeding, so that we can give services up to your hopes. Technical Session: First part of technical session of training was started in male side by Dr. Deepesh Kumar. • Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Kumar also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. • Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware 246 about FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. • Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the regurgitation and also ruminant’s animals. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of the green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to the production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they have the routine of giving two time water to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on the minerals requirement, they did not know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Kumar explained regarding the minerals and all key messages related participants. Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group after a tea break. • Flexi No. 05: Kumar briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts, its location and overall functions by pictorial view in the flexi. Also talked on functions of ovary and how it is making environment for young one to grow and than parturition. • Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about early signs of heat, actual time for the heat in animals and importance of heat detection in animals, proper timing for successful insemination in animals and getting results in terms of gestation. • Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Deepesh briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in order to get more results from successful A.I in animals. Also to verify the quality of seed and type of semen being used to inseminate the animal. 247 • Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. • Flexi No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. • Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training, session was opened for questions and answers, Akhtiar asked that which type of semen is available with them for A.I? Karamullah replied Red Sindhi, Thari, Holstein and Government supplied seed is available for them. Seed on demand for animal is of cost and other than member will be charged in terms of fees. Abdul Latif asked for whom this service is available? Dr. Deepesh said this service is available for all those which are member at mpg. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 248 MPG: Bhago Daro (Village: Bhago Daro) Training at MPG-Bhago Daro was conducted on dated 01st January, 2020. Total participants at the training program were 21 (21 Males and 00 Females). Dr. Shahzad (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training for male participants attended training. Inaugural Session: Haji Khan of MPG has started the training by recitation of Holy Quran. Shahnawaz (Finance Secretary) of MPG-Bhago Daro has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training after long time. He added challenges are faced and leading to decrease in the productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). Addressed participants for taking full interest and ask question related to Animal Breeding and Reproduction trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI in Animals. He shared that farmers should discuss all queries and reservations linked to animal reproduction and breeding, so that we can give services up to your hopes. Technical Session: First part of technical session of training was started in male side by Dr. Shahzad Iqbal. • Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Memon also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. • Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with 249 FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. • Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the regurgitation and also ruminant’s animals. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of the green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to the production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they have the routine of giving two time water to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on the minerals requirement, they did not know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Memon explained regarding the minerals and all key messages related participants. Dr. Shahzad Iqbal started second session of training in male group after a tea break. • Flexi No. 05: Dr. Memon briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts, its location and overall functions by pictorial view in the flexi. Also talked on functions of ovary and how it is making environment for young one to grow and then parturition. • Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about early signs of heat, actual time for the heat in animals and importance of heat detection in animals, proper timing for successful insemination in animals and getting results in terms of gestation. • Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Shahzad briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in order to get more results from successful A.I in animals. Also to verify the quality of seed and type of semen being used to inseminate the animal. • Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. 250 • Flexi No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. • Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Shahzad explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training, session was opened for questions and answers, Shahnawaz asked that which type of semen is available? Dr. Memon replied Red Sindhi, Thari, Holstein and Government supplied seed is available for them. Seed on demand for animal is of cost and other than member will be charged in terms of fees. LSI asked for whom this service is available? Dr. Shahzad said this service is available for all those which are member at mpg. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 251 MPG: Mehmood Panhwar (Village: Mehmood Panhwar) Training at MPG-Mehmood Panhwar Cooperative was conducted on dated 02 January, 2020. Total participants at training program were 18 (18 Males and 00 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper (veterinary Officer) animal breeding Also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Arbab of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ali Khan, General Secretary of the MPG-Mehmood Panhwar Cooperatives welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper, said that we are thankful to executive bodies that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Memon asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Memon explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers 252 responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Shahzad discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Shahzad explained all key messages to participants and then in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting foetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi No 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps 253 regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Ali Khan has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Sanaullah Rajper replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 254 MPG: Bheek Dastgeer (Village: Ganwar Siyal) Training at MPG-Bheej Dastgeer was conducted on 02nd January, 2020. Total participants at training program were 23 (21 Males and 00 Females, Guests 02). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements. Dr. Gulzar Ali, V.O (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Kandiyaro also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training at MPG started by recitation of Holy Quran by Zulfiqar and welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting production from animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI) and also related to animal health issues. President advised to participants for taking interest and may ask question from trainer so that they could be solved on time in order to get more and more production from animals. Dr. Gulzar Ali said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that farmers must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations when provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh started first part of technical session of training and asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting profit in dairy business. Farmers replied that they have to focus on animal care in terms of Health and nutrition but no one focused on genetics as per training flexi No.2. Farmers were not also fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what is important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business. Flexi No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking question as mentioned. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD, H.S, and somewhat Black Quarter disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, They said they are also 255 digging a ig and put the dead body of animal in it in order t prevent from the spread of disease by rodents. Dr. Deepesh discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flexi no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. Tea break was offered to participants after the revision session. Than Dr. Kumar started training in male group and shared knowledge on female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what reason can affect to in not attaining gestation. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated as per flexi No.5. In addition to that flexi no 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for inseminating animal was also being discussed among the farmers. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Shared about the genetic improvement of animals in flexi no. 11 and no.12 by talking on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and focused on the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more production as well as better economic profits. Also shared all steps for the better reproductive management of cow. 256 In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year by better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Nasser asked what to do if animal not showing that after two years of first pregnancy. Dr. Gulzar replied need to check the animal and also can be easily done but not available animal than injection can be injected by themselves for the oestrus detection. Zulfiqar asked which seed they are going to do in their animals. Dr. Gulzar replied local available semen supplied by project they are going to inseminate in animals of members in heat only. There was no any field visit at mpg. 257 MPG: Khair Muhammad Kalhoro (Village: Khair Muhammad Kalhoro) Training at MPG-Khair Muhammad Kalhoro Cooperative was conducted on dated 03 January, 2020. Total participants at training program were 27 (27 Males and 00 Females,). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training. Inaugural Session: Barkat of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Asif Ali General Secretary of the MPG-Khair Muhammad Kalhoro Cooperative welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from master trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that members must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING 258 AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Asif Ali has asked that some animals in the village having reproductive disorders? Dr. Shahzad has replied that this service is free for mpg members. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Shahzad replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. There was no any field activity performed at mpg. 259 MPG: Zubair Panhwar (Village: Zubair Panhwar) Training at MPG-Zubair Panhwar was conducted on dated 03 January, 2020. Total participants at the training program were 23 (20 Males and 00 Females and Guests 03). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) and Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the combined training of the participants. Dr. Sanaullah Panhwar, in charge D.D- (Veterinary officer) and Fida Hussain Sahito, LSI-(Service provider) Animal Breeding, Naushahro Feroze also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Faheem Ali. Rustam welcomed all participants. He added that challenges are being faced in getting more production and health of animals and also in adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He said to participants for taking interest and ask questions they have so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Fida Hussain Sahito, LSI- Animal Breeding, Naushahro Feroze has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for capacity building and said farmers to share their animal issues in reproduction and breeding, so that it can be overcome and benefits could be taken from animals. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical part of session. Many probing questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy business as per training flexi No.2 asked from farmers by Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, housing and availability of feeds and fodder. Farmers were aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in profitable dairy business. Associated to animal health management questions were being asked from participants about overall biosecurity measures for animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Also role of farmers in keeping animal separately in same grazing area to prevent from prevailing disease being discussed. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared signs and symptoms but 260 have less knowledge regarding Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases affecting milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care and also to pour animal in a dig to keep the environment free from diseases. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management information and how disease load can be decreased. Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flex no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about feed types, they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, wheat straw, rice polish and concentrates/Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt when are required but not on daily basis. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to the participants regarding last training conducted by ILRI. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training and started talk on flex No.5 and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. In addition signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared on flex no. 06. In flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding, their advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Whereas, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for profitable dairy business and this process makes it as a breeder. Flex No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with its importance were also being briefed. Flex No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated 261 via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Abdul Rasheed asked what the reason behind Anoestrus is. Dr. Sanaullah said animal show signs of heat just after parturition but if it not shows such signs than it may have issue in nutrition or also issue in the ovary due to accumulation of blood over the ovary. Rustam asked is these service are available for the mpg. Fida Hussain said these services are available for the mpg members only. There was no any field activity done at MPG. 262 4.5 DPIU: Khairpur Mirs 4.5.1 District: Khairpur Mirs MPG: Sukh Wahan (Village: Sukh Wahan) Training at MPG-Suk Wahn was conducted on dated 10 December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 48 (32 Males and 15 Females, Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and Dr. Sabhia Soomro (LLS/ILRI) conducted training for female participants at house. Dr. Abdul Rasool Narejo, Veterinary Officer (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Gambat also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Rahib Ali of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Zamir Ali, President of the MPG-Suk Wahn welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President also advised to all participants for taking full interest and whatever questions/reservations, they may ask from trainer so that these issues could be solved on time and we can get more and more production from our animals. Dr. Abdul Rasool Narejo said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that farmers must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations as provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh started first part of the technical session of training. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting the profit in dairy farm business. Farmers replied that they have to Care the animal in terms of Health and food but no one focused on genetics as per training flex No.2. But farmers were not fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what things which are important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business in terms of milk and money. 263 Flex No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking the question from them. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures for animals and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas prevailing disease occurs. Regarding the contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation generally leads to drop in milk production in animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for those who is looking after of sick animals, and veterinarians/para-vets who are treating them. Dr. Deepesh discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Flex No. 4 was regarding feeds and feeding. Farmers had good awareness about ruminant’s animals and process of regurgitations and why it is important one and also have knowledge of the part where rumination is being done. Moreover, when asked for type of feeds, they responded by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, most of farmers offering feeds as per availability in season but not according to need, weight and production requirement for the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that they allow for two times in day not 24 hours. But it was being given in example that giving more water to animal will increase the milk rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they did not know about importance of salts and minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants and than in last regarding the use of feeding chart and why it was given separate for cow and buffalo. Tea break was offered to participants. Than Dr. Kumar started training in male group and Dr. Sabhia with female participants and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what can be the reason for not getting pregnant ang which area may be affected. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated without affecting fetus or dam as per flexi No.5. In addition to that on flexi no 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for the inseminating the animal during time of heat detection for victorious breeding results. 264 Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex no. 11 and no. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Zamir has asked that we have cow in village and call dr privately for AI do this service have any cost for us? Dr. Deepesh has replied that this service is free for mpg members which are going to give milk at chiller. One farmer asked regarding the prolapsed in animal is recoverable. Dr. Abdul Rasool Narejo replied yes it can be recovered by taking proper precautions and treatment with local remedies. Rajhan asked which seed they are going to do in there animals. Dr. Abdul Rasool Narejo replied local available semen and also Holstein Friesian semen given by project they are going to inseminate in animals of members in heat. There was no any field visit done at village because there was no any case there. 265 MPG: Bharpur Markhand (Village: Bharpur Markhand) Training workshop at MPG-Bharpur Markhand was conducted at the Village Bharpur Markhand on dated 10th December 2019. Total participants attended the training program were 35 (16 males and 19 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all the logistic and necessary arrangements conducted the training for male participants while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted training for female participants at venue i.e. House of Mr Shams din (President of Executive Body). Mr. Naveed Ali Soomro (LSI)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur also attended training workshop. Inaugural Session: Mr. Abdul Hameed, Executive body member has started training with the recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr Sikandar Ali - President of MPG- Bharpur Markhand has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for such type of training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity from the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions/reservations, they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from animals. Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has welcomed all the participants and thanked for participating in the capacity building training of MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can be overcome and get utmost benefits from domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed to farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations so that they can be resolved accordingly. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Dr. Shahzad started first part for the technical session of training workshop. In this session, Trainer asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training Flex No.02. Factors That Influence Productivity in Dairy Cattle 1. Health – Animal health management is important program in place that incorporates the following: 1. Disease identification, treatment and health. 2. Poor health management not only leads to low productivity but can also lead to loss of animals through death. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and 2. Nutrition – A dairy cow requires high quantity of good quality feeds. Feeding constitutes about 60% of milk production costs. It is important to consider the following: I. Knowledge of your feed requirements – i.e. milking cows has very high nutrient requirements, therefore high quality forages and concentrates are essential for profitable dairying. II. Quality/Type of feed about availabilities of fodders and feeds. 266 3. Genetics – Production potential of a dairy cow is determined by her genetic makeup. Select breed that meets your objectives and matches your production environment. Some important consideration when making breeding decisions include: I. Level of production II. Desired traits III. Production environment. Farmers were not fully aware and importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahzad clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. Flex No.03. What Step Do You Know For Proper Animal Health Management? Correlated to animal health management participants were aware about the overall biosecurity procedures for animals. Especially role of farmers in vaccination, deworming. Farmers were aware about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about the Brucellosis diseases. When talked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about the sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water/feed utensils should also be separated. Whereas, they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Shahzad explained in detail that how farmers can reduce disease load and how they can handle whenever there is an outbreak of disease especially contagious one. Flex No.04. What Are the Kinds of Feeds You Know? About the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Importance of water and offering water to animals they replied that they have better knowledge after sharing in a training of two days already conducted by ILRI. Flexi No. 05 and 06. What is role of Female reproductive organ and what is Estrus (Heat)? Dr. Shahzad explained in details the reproductive system of the female animal and function of the ovaries by the pictorial overview. Whereas, heat was being defined as It is period of time when female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat).With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 07. Methods of Insemination? Natural Mating: in this animal is taken to a bull and left for some time for bull to serve. The chances of conception through natural mating can be increased by: 267 • Taking cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat, Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls and vice versa and Keeping the bull fit and good health. Artificial insemination (A.I): This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Whereas the merits of Artificial insemination (A.I) was also shared among participants. Flexi No. 08. Important Elements of Successful Artificial Insemination Programme? Farmers are encouraged to use semen from proven bulls which is obtained from AI centres and registered service providers and also shared types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in details. Flexi No. 09 and 10. Culling and Selection Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection is used as a tool for livestock improvement. It helps improve characteristics which are highly heritable. Whereas, Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to desired level from herd. Doctor Briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Flexi No. 11. Good Breeding Management:  Higher average daily milk yields are attained  Higher persistency  Length of lactation/Lactation period  High fertility (fewer inseminations/pregnancy or conception).  Low disease incidence in animals. (Reproductive diseases).  Success of a breeding program is highly dependent on adequate nutrition for cows/heifers, good heat detection, informed choice of bulls and timely insemination. Flexi No.12. Reproductive Management of a Dairy Animal: Key reproductive management practices that farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of dairy animal and profitability of dairy farming and will also results in one calf in a year and lead to more profits and less worry. Also shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Finally; Flexi No. 13. Reproduction Cycle of a Dairy Cow: Sindh Agricultural Growth Project-Livestock Component/International Livestock Research Institute (SAGPL/ILRI) is happy to introduce the “Cow Calendar” for use by small scale dairy farmers. Reproduction cycle of a dairy cow is calculated based on the service date, heat check, 268 pregnancy diagnosis, dry period and calving date. Guide for the buffalo can also be calculated accordingly with keeping in mind the gestation period. Explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr Sikandar Ali has asked that I have a cross breed cow and which was bred two months ago but I do not have idea whether it is pregnant or not? Trainer has replied that you must check your cow after three months, so that you are aware of reproduction status of your cow. Luckily, Mr. Naveed Ali (LSI) was there and he said he will check cow in next month. If any other wants to have pregnancy diagnosis of their cow or buffalo, he will just inform and i will check it whether it is pregnant or not? Another farmer shared issues regarding A.I that he inseminated his cow few days before but result was not positive? Mr. Naveed Ali (LSI) responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as taught in today’s training. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get-together of the farmers in ILRI capacity Building Training. 269 MPG: Mehar Ali Khaskeli (Village: Mehar Ali Khaskeli) Training workshop at MPG- Mehar Ali Khaskheli was conducted at the Village Mehar Ali Khaskheli on dated 11th December 2019. Total participants at training were 54 (19 males and 35 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Sikandar Ali, Mr. Naveed Ali Soomro (LSI)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop. Inaugural Session: Mr. Parveez Ali has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr. Sikandar Ali, President of MPG - Mehar Ali Khaskheli has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in achievement of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President of mpg has emphasized participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and ultimately get more and more production from animals. Naveed Ali Soomro welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building training of MPG members. Further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share issues related to reproduction and breeding in animals, so that they can be overcome and maximum benefits can be obtained from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Flexi No.01. Dr. Shahzad started first part of technical session of training. In this session, trainer asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy farming business. Whereas Fozia Sidhu started the session in female side. Flex No. 02. Dr. Shahzad Memon asked probing questions from the participants by asking the factors affecting milk production. Participants replied in response by answering it as Health of the animal which may be focused up and timely vaccination and clarified the cleaning of the shed of the animal. Than one of the participant also focused on the availability of Green and Dry fodder and also to feed concentrate ration in order to get more milk production from the animal. Than in last talked on detail about the Genetics and breeding that how this can also play role in production of milk from the animal. Dr. Memon also focused that these all factors can affect overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. Flex No. 03 and 04. In this discussed with participants on Animal Health Management and Feeds and Feeding. Also talked on zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated. Whereas, they 270 were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals. Also briefed on characteristics of animal health management and how farmers can reduce disease load. Doctor also talked on importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers. When asked about types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However not according to the need and production of the animals feed is being provided but according to availability. Also talked on offering water to the animals. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about importance of other minerals. Salt should be given 100-200 grams one animal per day. Than after tea break started training again in male group and Dr. Fozia with female participants. Started talk on reproductive tract of a cow and its parts (vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries). Shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ and normal functioning of the ovary by pictorial view as per flex no.05. Flex No.06. In this flexi talked up on the period of time when female is standing to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) or bellowing, discharge of mucous and allowing bull for mating. In addition to different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also discussed. Flex No. 7 and 08. This is where animal is taken to a bull and left for some time for bull to serve and keeping in mind the key points as per the discussion in order to get timely and good results from the animal. Also talked on process of A.I, in which putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Along with the A.I farmers are encouraged to use semen from proven bulls which is obtained from AI centres and registered service providers. Shared types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard Flexi No. 9 and 10. Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Discussed in detailed the level which can be considered in culling and selection of an animal. Which include: Milk yield, Lactation period, Reproductive Disease (Brucellosis Metritis, Endometritis, Pyometra) etc. Age of animal, Body conformation by the trainer in detail. Flexi No. 11 and 12. Discussed on the breeding management and the success of a breeding program is highly dependent on adequate nutrition of cows/heifers, good heat detection, informed choice of bulls 271 and timely insemination. Than talked on key reproductive management practices that farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity from dairy animal. Flexi No. 13. Dr. Shahzad was also happy to introduce the Cow Calendar with participants of the training through Sindh Agricultural Growth Project- Livestock Component for small scale dairy farmers. Dr. Shahzad focused that reproduction cycle of a dairy cow is calculated based on the service date, heat check, pregnancy diagnosis, dry period and calving date. Guide for buffalo can also be calculated accordingly with keeping in mind the gestation period and also increase in one month one day in the chart for the buffalo’s calendar. Also trainer briefed that one can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Discussion: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers. Mr Sikandar Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo and want to have pregnancy diagnosis is it possible? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today from Mr. Naveed Ali (LSI) and he will check your Buffalo for PD. When animal was checked it was pregnant one and owner was happy with the results of positive pregnancy diagnosis. Than LSI Naveed said If any other have to doubt in of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Another farmer shared Mr. Naveed Ali (LSI) that these services are of free or he will take charges for it? Naveed replied these services are free for the members of the MPG where as other than member it will be charged at feasible cost. In the last Dr. Shahzad along with LSI thanked to all participates and executive committee for organizing a nice get-together for capacity building training of members at their MPG. 272 MPG: Sachal (Village: Ali Bux Jamro) Training at MPG-Sachal was conducted on dated 11 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 52 (27 Males and 24 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants and Dr. Sabhia Soomro (LLS/ILRI) conducted training for female participants on female side. Irshad Hussain Solangi, LSI (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Ranipur also attended the training. Inaugural Session: M.Waris member of MPG has started training by recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ali Bux, President of the MPG-Sachal welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI. He added that farmers have lot of challenges in getting production from animals. President advised participants for taking attention in training and you may ask question from trainers so that these issues could be solved for getting more production from animals. Irshad Hussain Solangi, LSI thanked ILRI for starting trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding in animals especially regarding the AI. He also advised farmers that you might take intense attention and share all your queries and doubts, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of technical session of the training in male side whereas, separate n female side by LLS Sabhia Soomro. In this session, Dr. Kumar asked many probing questions regarding factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flexi No.2. Participants responded well about health management, housing of animals and about fodders & feeds. Farmers were fully aware about the importance of selecting good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors have an effect on overall productivity of your dairy business. On flexi No. 3 related to animal health management questions were being asked from the participants about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Role of farmers and separating the animals in same grazing area in order to prevent from the prevailing disease. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding the Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases which 273 will directly affects milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management facts and how farmers can decrease the disease load and how they can be handled whenever they face the diseases like contagious one. Feeds and feeding importance for their dairy animals was discussed in flexi no. 04. Farmers had knowledge about the ruminants but not fully aware. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates feeds. However, most farmers were offering fodder according to need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals they replied that they are practicing only two times in a day but not for 24 hours. They said they have better knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI in their MPG but change will be done slowly. When asked about minerals, they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to participants and explained the importance of the minerals and use of the rock salt in animal’s diet. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group and Dr. Sabhia with the female participants. In this flexi No. 5 started with reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition, flexi No. 6 signs of heat and significance of appropriate timing in heat detection for successful breeding. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 7 and No. 8. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10 briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system 274 management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14 and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Irshad Hussain also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the buffalo and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and will treat your cow/buffalo accordingly. Luckily Iqbal Jamro from MPG Aalso said that they have more goats in MPG and are interested to do A.I in Goats. So Dr. Deepesh said to contact with Barkat Lakho sahb regarding the A.I in goats who has being trained for that from Tandojam. Ali Bux asked one question to whom this service is available. Irshad Hussain said service is available for the members of the MPG. Whereas, Dr. Deepesh said for the new membership they just have to fill the form with fees of 200 hundred rupees only. Whereas, in mpg no any case and field was being done. 275 MPG: Golo Wahan (Village: Golo Wahan) Training at MPG-Golo wahan was conducted on dated 12th December 2019. Total participants at training were 31 (17 males and 14 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at House of Mr. Hazoor Bux. Dr. Abdul Rasool Nareejo (V.O)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Inaugural Session: Mr. Sanaullah, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Later, Mr: Hazoor Bux, President of MPG-Golo wahan has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for conducting training. President emphasize to participants for taking keen interest and if they have any questions they may feel free to ask from trainers so that these issues can be solved. Dr. Shahzad also welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of MPG members. Further, Dr. Abdul Rasool Narejo added that it is nice opportunity for farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding so that these issues can be overcome and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals. Technical Session: As far as technical part Dr. Shahzad started first part of technical session of training. In this session asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy farming business. Whereas farmers also responded well by giving interesting answers that affect the productivity of the animal. Flex No.02. Animal health management is important program in place that incorporates the following: 1. Disease identification, treatment and health. 2. Poor health management not only leads to low Feeds and Feeding – A dairy cow requires high quantity of good quality feeds. Feeding constitutes about 60% of milk production costs. Genetics – production potential of a dairy cow is determined by genetic makeup. Select breed that meets your objectives and matches your production environment. Key note was discussed with them by saying that for getting production from animal a Good genetic potential, Health care management and Nutrition in consideration which will sustain your dairy business. Flex No. 03. Discussed detail awareness regarding health Management that what step do you know for proper animal health management? Aware about overall biosecurity procedures for animals. 276 Asked regarding having any knowledge about infectious animal diseases? On contagious diseases, farmers were aware about foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. Also talked on biosecurity measures and briefed them up on all the key factors which were being discussed already in training by training associate in last year also. Whereas talked on importance of the feeds and feeding and the types of feed were being discussed with participant of the training and farmers also responded well by answering questions asked by the trainer. Whereas importance of the water and free access to water was also discussed and alongside with that importance of the minerals was also briefed with the farmers in Flex No. 04. After tea break, Dr. Memon started training in male group and Dr. Fozia with female participants. Reproductive tract of a cow is composed of vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Also shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per Flex no. 05. Whereas, signs of heat in buffaloes such as mounting, frequent urination and silent heat were being also shared in Flex no. 06. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results was also being discussed with the participants. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Flex No. 11 and No. 12 was about genetic improvement of animals for better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking correct decisions for present breeding practices for animals. Explained also profit of genetic improvement in animals and importance of improved reproductive management and thereby getting more production as well as better income. Steps regarding better reproductive management of cow with their importance were also briefed in this regards. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of the one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year with reasonable hard work and better use of available resources. Discussion: 277 After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Sanaullah has asked that I have a cow, and which was get pregnant four months but I do not know about conform pregnancy? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your cow today with us Dr Abdul Rasool Nareejo (VO) and he will check your cow after three months pregnant he perform PD, so that result of cow were not pregnant. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get-together for capacity building training programme of Mpg members to enhance their develop reproduction complaints. 278 MPG: Koral Memon (Village: Koral Memon) Training at MPG-Korel Memon was conducted on dated 12 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 33 (32 Males and 0o Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants Irshad Hussain Solangi, LSI (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Ranipur also attended the training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Ajeeb Ali. Bandah Ali welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI. He added that we challenges are being faced in getting more production and health of animals and also in adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He stressed all participants for taking keen interest and whatever questions/reservations they have they can ask so that these issues could be resolved for attainment of more production from animals. Irshad Hussain Solangi, LSI - Animal Breeding, Ranipur has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for capacity building of MPG members regarding Animal Breeding. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their animal issues in reproduction and breeding, so that it can be overcome and benefits could be taken from the animals. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical part of session In this session, many probing questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy business as per training flexi No.2 asked by Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, housing and availability of feeds and fodder. Farmers were aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in the profitable dairy business. If one factor is not correct it will ultimately lead to decrease in the milk production of the animal. Flex No. 3 related to animal health management questions were being asked from participants about overall biosecurity measures for animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Role of farmers in keeping animal separately in same grazing area in order to prevent from prevailing disease. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding the Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases which will directly affects milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management facts and 279 how farmers can decrease the disease load and how they can be handled whenever they face contagious diseases. Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flex no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about the ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to the participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training and started talk on flex No.5 and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. In addition, signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared on flex no. 06. In flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding, their advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Whereas, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Shared about the genetic improvement of animals in flexi no. 11 and no.12 by talking on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. Also, explained the long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and focused on the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more production as well as better economic profits. Also shared the all steps for the better reproductive management of the cow. Finally, all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, were being summarized and explained. Use of cow calendar also asking farmer to practice it by using it with example of there animal. By means of cow calendar you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. 280 Discussion: After completing the training session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Bandh Ali asked that for whom these services are available at MPG in front of all members? Irshad said he will facilitate those who are member at chiller program and list given to him by SAGP-L or executive body member will verify it as member. There was no any field activity done at MPG by the LSI because they said they are already calling the doctor privately at MPG but now they will call and report accordingly. 281 MPG: Wada Lakha (Village: Wada Lakkha) Training workshop at MPG-Wada Lakha was conducted at the Village Wada Lakha on dated 14th December 2019. Total participants at training were 28 (18 males and 10 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Mehrab Lakho , Mr: Sudheer Rind (LSI)- Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Sanaullah, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Hazoor Bux, President of MPG-Wada lakha has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement As far as technical aspects, Dr. Shahzad started first part of technical session of training. In this session, trainer asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy farming business. Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE Animal health management is important program in place that incorporates the following: 1. Disease identification, treatment and health. 2. Poor health management not only leads to low productivity but can also lead to loss of animals through death. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals. 282 Feeds and Feeding – A dairy cow requires high quantity of good quality feeds. Feeding constitutes about 60% of milk production costs. It is important to consider following things: Knowledge of your feed requirements – i.e. milking cows have very high nutrient requirements therefore, high quality forages and concentrates are essential for profitable dairying. Other thing is Quality/Type of feed about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Genetics – production potential of a dairy cow is determined by genetic makeup. Select breed that meets your objectives and matches your production environment. Some important consideration when making breeding decisions include; Level of production, Desired traits e.g. udder conformation, legs & feet, temperament etc. and Production environment. Farmers were not fully aware and importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahzad Memon clarified in detail that how all these factors affect overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. Key Massage: Good genetic potential, Health care, Nutrition and Management will sustain your dairy business. Flex No. 3. ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT What step do you know for proper animal health management? Participants were got aware about some biosecurity procedures for animals. What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Especially attractiveness of farmers in vaccination, deworming and importance of mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already disease is prevailing. Do you have any knowledge about contagious animal diseases? Foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. What type of diseases affects milk production? Diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation What important steps should be taken from farmer when animal is diseased? When asked about zoo- sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated. Flex No. 4. FEEDS AND FEEDING what are the types of feeds you know? 283 About importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about ruminants and process of regurgitations. Name some legumes; difference between grasses and legumes? Grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However not according to the need and production of the animals feed is being provided but according to availability. Importance of water? Any idea of amount of water needed by a dairy animal? They are offering two times in a day rather than 24 hours. But said are going to improve it in order to get more milk production. Why are minerals important for dairy animals? Importance of other minerals. Salt should be given 100-200 grams one animal per day. Trainer explained all key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started Dr Shahzad in male group and Dr. Fozia with female participants Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures:  Higher average daily milk yields are attained  Higher persistency  Length of lactation/Lactation period  High fertility (fewer inseminations/pregnancy or conception). 284 Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. FLEXI NO. 13 COW CALENDAR: Reproduction cycle of a dairy cow is calculated based on the service date, heat check, pregnancy diagnosis, dry period and calving date you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr Mehrab Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was get pregnant four months but I do not know about conform pregnancy? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Mr: Sudheer Ahmed Rind (LSI) he will check your Buffalo after three months pregnant he perform PD, that result of Buffalo were pregnant. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Additional farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disorder. Mr: Sudheer (LSI) responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get-together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 285 MPG: Abdul Kareem Kalhoro (Village: Abdul Kareem Kalhoro) Training at MPG-Abdul Kareem Kalhoro was conducted at Liaquat Ali Kalhoro Otaque on dated 14th December 2019. Total participants at the training program were 29 (28 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training for male participants. Izhar Hussain Solangi, LSI (Service Provider) - Animal Breeding, Ranipur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Javeed Ali member of MPG has started the training by recitation of Holy Quran, Waheed Ali, President of MPG- Abdul Kareem Kalhoro has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training after long time. He added challenges are are faced and leading to decrease in the productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President addressed participants for taking full interest and ask question related to Animal Breeding and Reproduction. Izhar Hussain, LSI said that we are thankful to ILRI for start of trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI in Animals. He shared that farmers should discuss all queries and reservations linked to animal reproduction and breeding, so that we can give services up to your hopes. Technical Session: First part of technical session of training was started in male side by Dr. Deepesh Kumar. • Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Kumar also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. 286 • Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. • Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the regurgitation and also ruminants. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of the green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to the production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they have the routine of giving two time water to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on the minerals requirement, they did not know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Kumar explained regarding the minerals and all key messages related participants. Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group after a tea break. • Flexi No. 05: Kumar briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts, its location and overall functions by pictorial view in the flexi. Also talked on functions of ovary and how it is making environment for young one to grow and than parturition. • Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about early signs of heat, actual time for the heat in animals and importance of heat detection in animals, proper timing for successful insemination in animals and getting results in terms of gestation. • Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Deepesh briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in 287 order to get more results from successful A.I in animals. Also to verify the quality of seed and type of semen being used to inseminate the animal. • Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. • Flexi No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. • Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training, session was opened for questions and answers, Bilawal asked that issues regarding animal having being Inseminated but yesterday showing signs of heat after three months. What to do? Irshad said need to look the secretion whether it is continuous from vagina in a rope not? If yes than animal was not pregnant? If yes than animal is pregnant. Muharam asked the question regarding seed that which type of semen is available with them for A.I. Izhar replied Red Sindhi, Thari, Holstein and Government supplied seed is available for them. Seed on demand for animal is of cost and other than member will be charged in terms of fees. 288 MPG: Muhammad Mosa Noreeja (Village: Muhammad Mosa Noreeja) Training workshop at MPG- was Muhammad Mosa Noreeja at the Village Muhammad Mosa Noreeja on dated 16th December 2019. Total participants at training were 24 (19 males and 05 females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Saeed Ahmed, Services provider Dr : Abdul Rasool Nareejo (VO)-Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Saeed Ahmed, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Amanullah, President of MPG- Muhammad Mosa Noreeja has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement As far as technical aspects, Dr. Shahzad started first part of technical session of training. In this session, trainer asked many systematic questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy farming business. Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE Animal health management is important program in place that incorporates the following: 1. Disease identification, treatment and health. 2. Poor health management not only leads to low productivity but can also lead to loss of animals through death. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals. 289 Feeds and Feeding – A dairy cow requires high quantity of good quality feeds. Feeding constitutes about 60% of milk production costs. It is important to consider following things: Knowledge of your feed requirements – i.e. milking cows have very high nutrient requirements therefore, high quality forages and concentrates are essential for profitable dairying. Other thing is Quality/Type of feed about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Genetics – production potential of a dairy cow is determined by genetic makeup. Select breed that meets your objectives and matches your production environment. Some important consideration when making breeding decisions include; Level of production, Desired traits e.g. udder conformation, legs & feet, temperament etc. and Production environment. Farmers were not fully aware and importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahzad Memon clarified in detail that how all these factors affect overall cost-effectiveness of your dairy business. Key Massage: Good genetic potential, Health care, Nutrition and Management will sustain your dairy business. Flex No. 3. ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT What step do you know for proper animal health management? Participants were got aware about some biosecurity procedures for animals. What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Especially attractiveness of farmers in vaccination, deworming and importance of mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already disease is prevailing. Do you have any knowledge about contagious animal diseases? Foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. What type of diseases affects milk production? Diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation What important steps should be taken from farmer when animal is diseased? When asked about zoo- sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated. Flex No. 4. FEEDS AND FEEDING what are the types of feeds you know? About importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about ruminants and process of regurgitations. Name some legumes; difference between grasses and legumes? Grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However not 290 according to the need and production of the animals feed is being provided but according to availability. Importance of water? Any idea of amount of water needed by a dairy animal? They are offering two times in a day rather than 24 hours. But said are going to improve it in order to get more milk production. Why are minerals important for dairy animals? Importance of other minerals. Salt should be given 100-200 grams one animal per day. Trainer explained all key messages to the participants. After tea break, Trainer started Dr Shahzad in male group and Dr. Fozia with female participants Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures:  Higher average daily milk yields are attained  Higher persistency  Length of lactation/Lactation period  High fertility (fewer inseminations/pregnancy or conception). Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL: Reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. 291 FLEXI NO. 13 COW CALENDAR: Reproduction cycle of a dairy cow is calculated based on the service date, heat check, pregnancy diagnosis, dry period and calving date you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Farmer were surprised about dairy cow calendar its new practice for us. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr: Meerial shah Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was not comes on timely esturs but I do not know about conform heat deduction? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Dr: Abdul Rasool Nareejo (VO)-Animal Breeding he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Others farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disorder. Dr : Abdul Rasool Nareejo (VO)-Animal Breeding responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get-together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 292 MPG: Chacker Variaso (Village: Chacker Variaso) Training at MPG-Chacker Variaso was conducted on dated 16th December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 28 (27 Males and 00 Females, Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements. Sudheer Ali, LSI (Service Provider)-Animal Breeding, Rani Pur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training at MPG started by recitation of Holy Quran by Barkat Ali. Mr. Hameed Ali, President of the MPG- Chacker Variaso welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training. He said that farmers are facing lot of challenges in getting production from animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI) and also related to animal health issues. President advised to participants for taking interest and may ask question from trainer so that they could be solved on time in order to get more and more production from animals. Sudheer Ali said that we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further that farmers must take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations when provided to us by project. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh started first part of technical session of training and asked many questions regarding factors which are important one and affecting profit in dairy business. Farmers replied that they have to focus on animal care in terms of Health and nutrition but no one focused on genetics as per training flexi No.2. Farmers were not also fully aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals and what is important in selection of dairy animal. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors affect overall profitability of dairy business. Flexi No. 3 was related to animal health management revision by asking question as mentioned. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas. Regarding 293 contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD, H.S, and some what Black Quarter disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, They said they are also digging a ig and put the dead body of animal in it in order t prevent from the spread of disease by rodents. Dr. Deepesh discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flexi no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. Tea break was offered to participants after the revision session. Than Dr. Kumar started training in male group and shared knowledge on female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what reason can affect to in not attaining gestation. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated as per flexi No.5. In addition to that flexi no 06. Different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for inseminating animal was also being discussed among the farmers. Flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared different types of breeding and their advantages and dis advantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in brief and also role and responsibilities of the farmer during this all. Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business and this process makes farmer as a good breeder. Shared about the genetic improvement of animals in flexi no. 11 and no.12 by talking on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals and focused on the importance of better reproductive system management and thereby get more 294 production as well as better economic profits. Also shared all steps for the better reproductive management of cow. In last flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year by better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. M.Ramzan asked what to do if animal not showing that after two years of first pregnancy. Sudheer replied need to check the animal and also can be easily done but not available animal than injection can be injected by themselves for the oestrus detection. Qadir Bux asked which seed they are going to do in their animals. Sudheer replied local available semen supplied by project they are going to inseminate in animals of members in heat only. Field Visit: There was no any field visit done at village because by checking the buffalo of Rasool Bux not showing heat. Sudheer checked up the animal and said it will now show heat in 5 days and he has to allow him to bull for the insemination. 295 MPG: Qadir Bux Maitlo (Village: Qadan Faqeer Maitlo) Training at MPG-Qadir Bux Maitlo was conducted on dated 17 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 24 (15 Males and 07 Females and Guests 02). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) and Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the combined training of the participants. Dr. Surendar Kumar Oad, V.O (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Muhib Ali. Sohrab welcomed all participants. He added that challenges are being faced in getting more production and health of animals and also in adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). He said to participants for taking interest and ask questions they have so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Dr. Surendar Kumar Oad, Veterinary Office- Animal Breeding, Ranipur has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for capacity building and said farmers to share their animal issues in reproduction and breeding, so that it can be overcome and benefits could be taken from animals. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical part of session with Dr. Fozia Sindhu in combine. Many probing questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy business as per training flexi No.2 asked from farmers by Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, housing and availability of feeds and fodder. Farmers were aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors can affect in profitable dairy business. Associated to animal health management questions were being asked from participants about overall biosecurity measures for animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Also role of farmers in keeping animal separately in same grazing area to prevent from prevailing disease being discussed. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases affecting milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, 296 worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care and also to pour animal in a dig to keep the environment free from diseases. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management information and how disease load can be decreased. Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals in flex no. 04 farmers had good knowledge about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about feed types, they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, wheat straw, rice polish and concentrates/Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt when are required but not on daily basis. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to the participants regarding last training conducted by ILRI. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training with Dr. Fozia Sindhu and started talk on flex No.5 and shared knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. In addition signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared on flex no. 06. In flex No. 7 and No. 8 shared types of breeding, their advantages and disadvantages and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Whereas, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills in flexi No. 9 and No. 10. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for profitable dairy business and this process makes it as a breeder. Flex No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with its importance were also being briefed. 297 Flex No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing training session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Sohrab asked what is the reason behind Anoestrus? Dr. Surendar Kumar Oad said animal show signs of heat just after parturition but if it not show such signs than it may have issue in nutrition or also issue in the ovary due to accumulation of blood over the ovary. There was no any field activity done at MPG. 298 MPG: Saeed Khan Matilo (Village: Saeed Khan Matilo) Training workshop at MPG- Saeed Khan Matilo at the Village Saeed Khan Matilo on dated 17th December 2019. Total participants at training were 18 (18 males). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants, Services provider Dr: Azhar Ahmed Solangi (VO)-Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Saeed Ahmed, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Basheer, President of MPG- Saeed Khan Matilo has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the 299 cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr Mehrab Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was get pregnant four months but I do not know about conform pregnancy? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Dr: Azhar Ahmed Solangi (VO) he will check your Buffalo after three months pregnant he perform PD, that result of Buffalo were pregnant. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Additional farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disorder. Dr: Azhar Ahmed Solangi (VO) responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get-together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 300 MPG: Muhammad Khan Siyal (Village: Muhammad Khan Siyal) Training at MPG- Muhammad Khan Siyal was conducted on dated 19 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 21 (20 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of the participants. Irshad Hussain Solangi, LSI (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Ranipur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Riaz and also welcomed all participants. He added that MPG members are facing challenges in getting services for the livestock from Livestock department that is the reason for which we are not getting more production and also not adapting Artificial Insemination (AI) in their animal. But he said if services are given on time and for the members than they will be co- operative in entire field related to livestock to get more and more production. President of the MPG said to participants for taking interest and ask questions from trainers and the service provider so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Izhar Hussain Solangi, LSI- Animal Breeding has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI and said farmers that he will be available on call on the day selected by the MPG and the services provided by the department to facilitate MPG members. He said to share animal issues related to reproduction and breeding, so that it can be overcome and benefits could be taken from animals. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical part of session. Flex No. 01 was related to introduction of the Organization working in project and sharing the training title and session and purpose of the training related to Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement. During the introduction many farmers said yes they have animals related to these problems in their MPG. Flexi No. 02 Many probing questions regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy business as per training asked from farmers by Kumar. Participants responded on animal health care, proper cleaning and feeds and fodder management but no one talked on breed. Farmers were aware about importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all the factors in brief that can affect in profitable dairy business. Related to animal health management different questions were as per flex No. 03 being asked from participants. Questions were about overall biosecurity measures for animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Also role of farmers in keeping animal separately in same grazing 301 area to prevent from prevailing disease. Regarding contagious diseases which can being spread from one animal to others being also discussed with farmers. Farmers were aware about disease like FMD and H.S and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases affecting milk production farmers responded diseases like worm and fluke’s infestation, FMD and shared that with generally milk production drops in Fever. Dr. Kumar here explained fever is the sign of every disease but not a disease itself. Regarding zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about to pour animal in a dig to keep environment free from diseases from spread of the disease. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management information and how disease load can be decreased by taking on the answers given by farmers and related answers also. Flexi No. 04. Regarding the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals. Farmers were aware about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about types of feed, they responded well by giving examples like Jantar, Berseem, Maize, Sugar cane tops, wheat straw, rice polish and concentrates/Wanda. Whereas, farmers said that offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal. About water to animals, they replied that they are offering for two times in a day to animals but some time in night also but not whole day. Dr. Kumar explained how much water is being required by the milking animals and also said that we need to give more water to animal to get more milk production rather than adding water in milk to increase milk volume. When asked about minerals, they fed salt when required but not on daily basis. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to the participants regarding last training conducted by master trainer. Flex No. 05 and 06. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training and started talk on knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by as pictorial. Also what disease can be occurred in the areas of reproductive organs in female and what A.I technician perform during A.I in animals. In addition signs of starting heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared by asking the signs of heat from the farmers rather than talking as per flexi. Flex No. 07 and No. 08. Types of breeding and their advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and roles responsibilities of farmer were being discussed in this regards. About the selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills in Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 were being briefly discussed by sharing the signs or the 302 selection of the good dairy animals to have profitable dairy business. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for profitable dairy business and this process makes it as a breeder. Flex No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long-term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with its importance were also being briefed. Flex No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Also talked on the user guide for the cow calendar and record keeping on the last page and separate page provided for the record keeping. Discussion: After completing training session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Safdar asked what the reason behind Brucellosis is. Izhar Hussain Solangi said animal affected from the disease related bacteria or the bull having disease mated with cow/buffalo can be also affected. Another question by Riaz that is this service is for all the village. Dr. Deepesh said this facility is for the MPG members only and nor for the all village. There was no any field activity done at MPG. But one animal having lesion in foot was being checked and guided accordingly. 303 MPG: Mor Jhabhar Sheikh (Village: Mor Jhabhar Sheikh) Training workshop at MPG- Mor Jhabhar Sheikh at the Village Mor Jhabhar Sheikh on dated 19th December 2019. Total participants at training were 18 (18 males). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants, while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Hazoor Bux Services provider Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Saeed Ahmed, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Saeed, General Secretary of MPG- Mor Jhabhar Sheikh has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Technical Session: Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. 304 Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures. Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. Flexi No. 13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr: Meerial shah Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was not comes on timely esturs but I do not know about conform heat deduction? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Others farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disordered Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get- together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 305 MPG: HRDO (Village: Abdul Rehman Unar) Training at MPG- HRDO (Abdul Rehman Unar) was conducted on dated 20 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 33 (32 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of the participants. Dr. Surendar Kumar Oad, V.O (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Rasool Bux. Zaheer Abbasi (General Secretary) welcomed all participants at training. He said that MPG members are facing challenges in getting services for livestock from the department that is the reason for which no more milk production and also lack of interest in adapting Artificial Insemination (AI) for their animal. General Secretary of MPG said to participants for taking interest in the training and ask questions so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Dr. Surendar Kyumar Oad, V.O- Animal Breeding has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI and said farmers that these service are available for the MPG members and list provided by the SAGP-L. Dr. Surendar added that being a veterinary officer he will be there in a week to give services but if not there than send one person from his department to provide services. He said to share animal issues related to reproduction and breeding will be treated and handled from their side and not the cases related to animal health. Technical Session: “ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT” Flex No.1 and 2. INTROCDUCTION AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE As far as technical aspects, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of technical session of training. In this session start asked many questions in order to get idea regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy farming business from the farmers. In response farmers also responded well regarding the factors related to productivity from animal in terms of milk. Regarding Animal health management/ Feeding/ Genetics Dr. kumar said it is an important program in place that incorporates the following: Disease identification, treatment; Poor health management not only leads to low productivity but can also lead to loss of animals through death. Also Feeding of the animals is costing about the 60% for the whole day cost. Whereas, related to both these factors 306 Genetics is also playing an important role in order to get animals producing more and more milk with improved breed of animals for the future. Dr. Kumar also explained in details why these are important factors with farmers in order to make mind regarding the Genetics and breed selection also. Flex No. 3. ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT Related to animal health management revision by asking question as mentioned. Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating their animals in common grazing areas. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD, H.S, and some what Black Quarter disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which directly affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk production and also little about diseases like mastitis. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, They said they are also digging a ig and put the dead body of animal in it in order t prevent from the spread of disease by rodents. Dr. Deepesh discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. On Flex No. 4. FEEDS AND FEEDING Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals. Farmers had good knowledge about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability but not according to need and production of animal and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. Flex No. 5 and 6. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND ESTRUS (HEAT): Tea break was offered to participants after the revision session. Than Dr. Kumar started training in male group and shared knowledge on female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what reason can affect to in not attaining gestation. Also talked on insertion of hand during p test and how it can be palpated. In addition to that different signs of early heat/standing heat and right timing for inseminating animal was also being discussed among the farmers. 307 Flex No. 7. METHODS FOR INSEMINATION: This is where animal is taken to a bull and left for some time for bull to serve. The chances of conception through natural mating can be increased by: • Taking cow to bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows. • Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Whereas, advantages of the A.I was also being discussed among all the participants. FLEXI NO. 8. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Farmers are encouraged to use semen from proven bulls which is obtained from AI centres and registered service providers. Shared types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. For controlling vulnerable diseases and improved genetic makeup is more promising through AI than natural breeding of animal. Flexi No. 9 and 10. CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Started talk on selection and culling methods in animals. Discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals by taking the example of keeping good yield from crop for own use and remaining to sell because of low quality. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business FLEXI NO. 11. BREEDING MANAGEMENT GOOD BREEDING MANAGEMENT ENSURES Shared about the genetic improvement of animals by talking on better future generations and which can only be achieved by undertaking right decisions of present breeding practices. When it will be achieved it results in the:  Higher average daily milk yields are attained  Higher persistency  Length of lactation/Lactation period  High fertility (fewer inseminations/pregnancy or conception).  Low disease incidence in animals (Brucellosis, Trichomoniasis and Vibrosis)  The success of a breeding program is highly dependent on adequate nutrition for the cows/heifers, good heat detection, informed choice of bulls and timely insemination. Flex No. 12. REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways were being also discussed with all the participants. 308 Flex N0. 13 and 14. COW CALENDAR AND ITS GUIDE HOW TO USE IT. Explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year by better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Lemon asked what to do if animal not showing that after two years of first pregnancy. Sudheer replied need to check the animal and also can be easily done but not available animal than injection can be injected by themselves for the oestrus detection. Allah Dad asked is this chart is also going to guide in case of buffalo. Dr. Deepesh replied yes we can use it by adding one month and a day extra after the orange line so it will show all the times for the buffaloes in which we have to take care. There was no any case for the field activity at the MPG. MPG: Hussain Pato (Village: Hussain Pato) 309 Training at MPG- Hussain Pato was conducted on dated 23 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 41 (22 Males and 18 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of the participants in male side and Fozia Sidhu in Female side at Huzoor Bux home. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Nad Ali. Ghulam Nabi welcomed all participants at MPG. He added that MPG members are not getting services for livestock from department and also facing the challenges related to animal health that is the reason for which we are not getting more production and also not adapting Artificial Insemination (AI) in their animal. But said that if services provided timely and for members than they will be co-operative in entire field related to livestock to get more and more production. Finance Secretary of MPG said to participants for taking interest in the training and ask question related to animal breeding. Technical Session: Dr. Deepesh Kumar started technical part of session in male whereas Fozia Sidhu (LLS) on female side. Introduction to organizations and training title and purpose of the training related to Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement. Farmers also took interest in the training as per there talks related to Animal reproduction related issues during talk on flex no. 01. Regarding talk on flex no. 02. Important factors affecting productivity of dairy business as per training asked from farmers by Kumar. They said animal health care, proper cleaning and feeds and fodder management are important but no one talked on breed of animal. Explained in detail how all the factors can affect in profitable dairy business by Dr. Kumar. Flex No. 03. Questions were being asked from participants about biosecurity measures for animals to keep it disease free. Also role of farmers in keeping animal separately in same grazing area to prevent from disease that is prevailing one. On the topic of contagious diseases which can being spread from one animal to others being also discussed with farmers. Farmers were aware about disease like FMD and H.S only and shared signs of disease. Diseases affecting milk production farmers responded diseases like FMD and shared that generally milk production drops in this. Regarding zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and 310 feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were much clear about to pour animal in a dig to keep environment free from diseases spread. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management information and how disease load can be decreased. Regarding the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals was discussed in flex no. 04. Regarding the ruminant animals and process of regurgitations farmers were well aware. Talked about types of feed, they given examples like Jantar, Berseem, Maize, Sugar cane tops, wheat straw, rice polish and concentrates/Wanda. About water importance in animals, they replied that they are offering only two times but not 24 hours. Dr. Kumar explained how much how to calculate water required by the milking animals and also said that need to provide free water to animal to get more milk production rather than adding water in milk. When asked about minerals, they fed salt when required but not on daily basis. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants regarding last training conducted by master trainer. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male side and Fozia Sidhu in female side and started talk on knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall function and disease can be occurred in the areas of reproductive organs in female and what A.I technician perform during A.I in animals. In addition signs of starting heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results were being also shared by asking the signs of heat from the farmers rather than talking as per flex no. 05 and 06. Types of breeding and their advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting Artificial Insemination and roles responsibilities of farmer were being discussed in details in flex No. 07 and No. 08. Whereas, Flexi No. 9 and No. 10 were about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills were being briefly discussed by sharing signs or selection of good dairy animals to have profitable dairy business. Finally given message for profitable dairy business need to do selection and culling and this process makes it as a breeder. Flex No. 11 and 12: Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Long-term profit of genetic improvement was also discussed in animals. Whereas importance of better reproductive system management and getting more production in terms of milk production and better economic earnings. 311 Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Also talked on the user guide for the cow calendar and record keeping on the last page and separate page provided for the record keeping in flex No. 13 and 14. Discussion: After completing training session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Barkat asked what is the reason behind animal not showing heat? Dr Deepesh said animal affected from disease, nutritional deficiency or problem of the reproductive tract is the main reason behind that. But one animal having lesion in foot was being checked and guided accordingly. 312 MPG: Mitho Mino (Village: Mitho Mino) Training workshop at MPG- Mitho Mino at the Village Mitho Mino on dated 24th December 2019. Total participants at training were 45 (28 males, 15 Females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants, while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Mehram Mino Services provider Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Ashique Ali, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Sain Rakhio, President of MPG- Mitho Mino has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Slide No: 01 Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement Session-1: Animal Reproduction Session2: Animal Breeding Session 3: Animal Genetics Slide No: 2 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics Good genetic potential, Health care, Nutrition and Management will sustain your dairy business. 313 No. 03 Animal Health and Management 1. What step do you know for proper animal health management 2. How you differentiates healthy & sick animals? 3. What do you know about bio security? 4. What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? 5. What is role of farmer in vaccination? 6. Do you have any knowledge about contagious animal diseases? 7. Which animal disease do you know? Share sign & symptoms. 8. What type of diseases effect on milk production? 9. What important steps should be taken from farmer when animal get disease? Slide No. 04 Feeds and Feeding 1. Enlist the Ruminant animals? And Why animals Ruminate? 2, in which part of digestion system rumination occurs? And which organ called digestive factory? 3. What are the types of feeds you know? 4. Name some legumes; difference between Green grasses and legumes 5. What factors determines milk production 6.What is balanced feeding and for what nutrients you balance for? If the feed is not balanced what happens? 4. Importance of water? Any idea of the amount of water needed by a dairy animal? How much of water is there in milk? A.Why are minerals important for dairy animals? Can you explain how the feeding chart works? Why do we have separate feeding charts for Cattle and buffalos 8 What Do You Know about Feeding chart? Why Cow & Buffalo Feeding differentiate with each other? Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I) Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. 314 Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures:  Higher average daily milk yields are attained  Higher persistency  Length of lactation/Lactation period  High fertility (fewer inseminations/pregnancy or conception). Flexi no.12. REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL: Reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. FLEXI NO. 13 COW CALENDAR: Reproduction cycle of a dairy cow is calculated based on the service date, heat check, pregnancy diagnosis, dry period and calving date you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Farmer were surprised about dairy cow calendar its new practice for us. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr: Mehram Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was not comes on timely esturs but I do not know about conform heat deduction? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Others farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disordered Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get- together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 315 MPG: Haji Mehmood Shar (Village: Haji Mehmood Shar) Training at MPG-Haji Mehmood Shar was conducted on dated 24 December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 37 (36 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of the participants. Ali Murad, SLI (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran By Allah Dino. Mehrab Ali welcomed all participants at training. He said that MPG members are facing challenges that is the reason for which no more milk production and also lack of interest in adapting Artificial Insemination (AI) in animal. President of MPG said to participants for taking interest in training and ask questions so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Ali Murad Shar- SLI, Animal Breeding has welcomed all participants and said farmers that these service are available for the MPG members and list provided by the SAGP-L. He said to share animal issues related to reproduction and breeding will be treated and handled from their side and not the cases related to animal health. Technical Session: “ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT” Flex No.1 and 2. INTROCDUCTION AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE As far as technical aspects, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started first part of technical session of training. In this session start asked many questions in order to get idea regarding important factors affecting productivity of dairy farming business from the farmers. Farmers also responded well regarding the factors related to productivity from animal in terms of milk. Regarding Animal health management/ Feeding/ Genetics Dr. kumar said it is an important program in place that incorporates the following: Disease identification, treatment; Poor health management not only leads to low productivity but can also lead to loss of animals through death. Also Feeding of the animals is costing about the 60% for whole day cost. Whereas, related to both these factors Genetics is also playing a important role in order to get animals producing more and more milk with improved breed of animals for the future. Flex No. 3. ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT Related to animal health management by asking question were being asked those were; Training participants were aware about overall biosecurity measures and role of farmers in vaccination and importance of separating animals in common grazing land where there are prevailing diseases. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD, H.S, and no regarding Black Quarter disease but have also less knowledge about Brucellosis diseases. When asked regarding diseases which affects milk production, farmers responded that fever affecting the milk 316 production and also little about diseases like mastitis. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware about sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feeding manger should also be separate from healthy animal, They said they are also putting the dead body of animal in a pic the dead body of animal in it in order t prevent from the spread of disease. Dr. Deepesh discussed in detail all facts related to animal health management and how farmers can lessen disease burden and how can treat it properly whenever they face disease like contagious one. On Flex No. 4. FEEDS AND FEEDING Regarding importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals. Farmers had good knowledge about ruminant animals and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about types of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Whereas, farmers were offering feeds according to availability and about offering water to animals, they replied that now they have knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI on feeds and feeding in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they don’t fed rock salt to animals but also know about the importance of other minerals how much they are important. Dr. Kumar explained all key messages to participants regarding the last training conducted by ILRI. Flex No. 5 and 6. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND ESTRUS (HEAT): Tea break was offered to participants after the session. Than Dr. Kumar started training in male group and shared knowledge on female reproductive organ, location and overall functions and what reason can affect to the system. In addition to that a different sign of early heat/standing heat and right timing for inseminating animal was also being discussed during the same time. Flex No. 7. METHODS FOR INSEMINATION: Talked on the methods in which animal is taken to a bull and left for some time for bull to serve and also talked on Artificial insemination process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Whereas, advantages of the A.I was also being discussed among all the participants. FLEXI NO. 8. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Farmers are encouraged to use semen from proven bulls which is obtained from AI centres and registered service providers. Shared types of breeding and their merits and demerits were being discussed also factors affecting Artificial Insemination and role responsibilities of farmer were being discussed in this regards. 317 Flexi No. 9 and 10. CULLING AND SELECTION Started talk on selection and culling methods in animals and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are keys for a profitable dairy business FLEXI NO. 11. BREEDING MANAGEMENT GOOD BREEDING MANAGEMENT ENSURES Shared about genetic improvement of animals by talking on better future generations and which can be achieved by taking right decisions of present breeding practices. Flex No. 12. REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Farmers need to focus on Key reproductive management practices in order to achieve high productivity from their dairy animal and profitability of dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways were being also discussed with all participants. Flex N0. 13 and 14. COW CALENDAR AND ITS GUIDE HOW TO USE IT. Explained how to use cow calendar in detail and asked farmer to practice using it by taking example of one of the animals from them. Also briefed them by using cow calendar; they can get your desirable results in terms of one calf in a year by better use of available resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Abdul Razzaque asked what to do if animal not showing that after one year of first pregnancy. Ali Murad replied need to check the animal for the palpation of the ovary. Mehrab asked is it possible to check the animal in pregnancy. Dr. Deepesh replied yes Ali Murad can check the animal in pregnancy above than 3 moths. 318 Field Activity: There was one case for field activity at MPG for pregnancy diagnosis in cow by Farmer Abdul Razzaque. Cow was being checked and LSI reported that he has doubt of the Gas ball in the animals but not confirm for the positive p test. But owner said he thinks it will be of three months because he mated his animal in October and yet not in estrous. 319 MPG: Gul Muhammad Jamro (Village: Gul Muhammad Jamro) Training at MPG- Gul Muhammad Jamro was conducted on dated 25 December, 2019. Total participants at the training program were 38 (37 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of the participants in male side. Izhar Hussain, LSI (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Ranipur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Mujeeb Rehman. Najam Uddin welcomed all participants at MPG. He added that MPG members are not co-operating to attend the training because of the meeting done by the SAGP-L again and again and are not getting services from livestock department and also facing the challenges related to animal health that is the reason they are not adapting Artificial Insemination (AI) in their animal. But said that if services given timely to members than they will be co-operative in all the meeting and will respond to each activity. President of MPG said to participants participated in training for taking interest in training and ask question related to animal breeding. In addition to that service provider Izhar Hussain Solangi (LSI) Animal Breeding, Ranipur firstly thanked to ILRI for and also welcomed all the participants of the training and also ensured that the service will be provided timely if i informed on the time and according to availability of the resources provided by the project. Technical Session: Flex no. 01. Technical part of training session was started by the Deepesh Kumar by introducing himself and than organizations working in the project and training title and purpose of training related to Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement. Farmers also took interest in training as per there talks related to Animal reproduction related issues occurred in there animal at common. 320 Flexi No. 02. Participants responded well about health management, housing of animals and about fodders & feeds. Farmers were fully aware about the importance of selecting good dairy animals. Dr. Kumar explained in detail how all these factors have an effect on overall productivity of your dairy business. Flexi No. 03. Related to animal health management questions were being asked from the participants about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals that how animal can be kept disease free. Role of farmers and separating the animals in same grazing area in order to prevent from the prevailing disease. Regarding contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared signs and symptoms but have less knowledge regarding the Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases which will directly affects milk production farmers responded diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with generally milk production drops in all animal diseases. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) must be kept separate and their water and feed trough should be also separate. Whereas, they were not much clear about person handling or treating the animals can also be affected should be taken care. Dr. Kumar discussed in detail animal health management facts and how farmers can decrease the disease load and how they can be handled whenever they face the diseases like contagious one. Feeds and feeding importance for their dairy animals was discussed in flexi no. 04. Farmers had knowledge about the ruminants but not fully aware. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates feeds. However, most farmers were offering fodder according to need and production of animal and about offering water to the animals they replied that they are practicing only two times in a day but not for 24 hours. They said they have better knowledge of last training conducted by ILRI in their MPG but change will be done slowly. When asked about minerals, they did not know about the importance of minerals. Dr. Kumar explained all the key messages to participants and explained the importance of the minerals and use of the rock salt in animal’s diet. After tea break, Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training. In this flexi No. 05 started with reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view. In addition, flexi No. 06 signs of heat and significance of appropriate timing in heat detection for successful breeding. Shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard in flexi No. 07 and 08. Flexi No. 09 and 10. Briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals. Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. Flexi No. 11 and 12. Genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals was being shared. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and 321 stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as income. Flexi No. 13 and 14. Finally, summarized all contents and explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked farmers to practice it by using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Irshad Hussain also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the buffalo and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and will treat your cow/buffalo accordingly. Luckily Shanawaz Buffalo at MPG was in heat and that time and he requested to do do A.I in his buffalo because of the no availability of the bull nearby. Irshad Hussain said he will do the A.I by putting the local Kundhi buffalo semen provided by the Department and also suggested one injection of the conceptual to him to be injected within half an hour to animal. 322 MPG: KT Mir Muhammad (Village: KT Mir Muhammad) Training workshop at MPG- KT Mir Muhammad at the Village KT Mir Muhammad on dated 25th December 2019. Total participants at training were 29 (20 males, 09 Females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants, while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Gous Bux Services provider Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Ashique Ali, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Gous Bux, President of MPG- Mitho Mino has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Technical Session: As far as the technical characteristics, Dr. Shahzad started first part of the technical session of the training workshop as per the given SOP. In this session, Dr. Shahzad requested many efficient 323 questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming professional as per training flex No.2. Contestants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about accessibilities of forages and feeds. Farmers were not fully conscious about the prominence of assortment of good milking animals. Trainer clarified in detail that how all these factors affect the general cost-effectiveness of your dairy occupational. On flex No. 3 interconnected to animal health management, contestants were got attentive about the generally biosecurity processes for the animals. Precisely the character of farmers in immunization, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common foraging capacities where already the disease is dominant. On documentation of contagious diseases, farmers were conscious about Foot and Mouth Disease and Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease and they shared the signs and indicators but have less awareness about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When questioned almost diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When enquired about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Trainer discussed in detail all characteristics of animal health managing and how farmers can reduce the disease load and how they can handle whenever they expression the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex No. 4 almost the importance of forages and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had ethical knowledge about the ruminants and procedure of regurgitations. Moreover, when examined about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are subscription feeds according to its conveniences but not interpretation to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after sharing in a last year training conducted by ILRI. When questioned about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Trainer clarified all the key communications to the participants. After tea break, Trainer on-going training in male group and Dr. Shereen with the female contestants and collective the knowledge about portions of female reproductive organ, position and inclusive functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with 324 having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long- term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more production as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of protection better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, Dr Shahid Ali Khan (ILRI-Coordinator-SAGPL) summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr: Mehram Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was not comes on timely esturs but I do not know about conform heat deduction? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Others farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disordered Dr: Surrendar Kumar Oad (VO)-Animal Breeding responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get-together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 325 MPG: Sabhago Samopoto (Village: Sabhago Samopoto) Training at MPG-Sabhago Samopoto was conducted on dated 26 December, 2019. Total participants at training program were 19 (18 Males and 00 Females and Guests 01). Dr. Deepesh Kumar (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted training of the participants. Ali Murad, SLI (Service provider)-Animal Breeding, Khairpur also attended training. Inaugural Session: Training was started by recitation of Holy Quran by Ali Murad. Abdul Rahim welcomed all participants at training. He said that MPG members are facing challenges that is the reason for which no more milk production and also lack of interest in adapting Artificial Insemination (AI) in animal. President of MPG said to participants for taking interest in training and ask questions so that these issues could be resolved for getting more production from animals. Ali Murad Shar- SLI, Animal Breeding has welcomed all participants and said farmers that these service are available for the MPG members and list provided by the SAGP-L. He said to share animal issues related to reproduction and breeding will be treated and handled from their side and not the cases related to animal health. Technical Session: First part of technical session of training was started in male side by Dr. Deepesh Kumar. • Flexi no. 01 and 02. Firstly introduction of training content was done. Than after many probing questions regarding important factors affecting production in dairy farming business. Participants responded that animal health, environment and availability of fodders are main factors in dairy business profitability. Participants in training were not aware about the selection of the dairy animal. Dr. Kumar also explained all factors in details that affect in productivity of the dairy business. • Flexi No. 03. Participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures in animals related to animal health management session. Also role of farmers in vaccination 326 deworming and significance of separating the animals in common feeding area where prevailing diseases occurs. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and shared signs and symptoms and also have information about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases in animals. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo- sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Deepesh Kumar discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. • Flexi No. 04. Talked on the feeds and feeding session. Good knowledge regarding the regurgitation and also ruminant’s. Moreover, types of feeds were being also asked and they responded well by giving examples like green grasses, dry grasses, concentrates and Wanda. Most farmers also offering feeds according to availability of the green or dry fodder but they were not providing according to the production of animal. About offering water to animals they said they have the routine of giving two time water to animals rather than allowing 24 hours. Talking on the minerals requirement, they did not know about importance of minerals than in last Dr. Kumar explained regarding the minerals and all key messages related participants. Dr. Deepesh Kumar started second session of training in male group after a tea break. • Flexi No. 05: Kumar briefed regarding facts about female reproductive organ parts, its location and overall functions by pictorial view in the flexi. Also talked on functions of ovary and how it is making environment for young one to grow and than parturition. • Flexi No. 06: Briefed them about early signs of heat, actual time for the heat in animals and importance of heat detection in animals, proper timing for successful insemination in animals and getting results in terms of gestation. • Flexi No. 07 and 08: Dr. Deepesh briefed types of breeding and things that can affect Artificial Insemination and discussed in detail on roles and responsibility of farmers in order to get more results from successful A.I in animals. Also to verify the quality of seed and type of semen being used to inseminate the animal. 327 • Flexi No. 09 and 10: Parameters related to selection and culling of animals were being discussed and also focused that person having skills in this regards. In last talked that selection of good animals and culling of low producing animals are keys in profitable dairy business and this can makes a farmer as a good breeder. In Flexi No. 11 and 12 Genetic improvement of animals was being discussed in details that how we can get better generation by taking right decisions of breeding practices for animals. Explained also long- term profit of genetic improvement in animals also importance of better reproductive system management and thereby getting more production in terms of milk production as well as better economic earnings. Steps of keeping improved reproductive system management of cow with their importance were also being briefed. • Flexi No. 13 and 14: Dr. Deepesh explained use of cow calendar in detail with farmers and asked farmers to practice of using it by taking example of someone animal who is being recently inseminated via natural insemination. By using cow calendar desirable results can be taken by means of getting one calf in a year with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Mir Muhammad asked what to do if animal not showing heat after first pregnancy. Ali Murad replied need to check the animal for the palpation of the ovary or it is also due to the nutritional deficiency and type of feed given to animal. Ahmed Ali asked is it possible to check the animal in pregnancy. Dr. Deepesh replied yes Ali Murad can check the animal in pregnancy above than 3 moths. Field Activity: Ahmed Ali, Mir Muhammad and Manzoor Cattle were being checked for the p test. Ahmed Ali cattle were three Months pregnant where as Manzoor cattle were in doubt by SLI Ali Murad. Whereas Mir Muhammad animal was pregnant for the seven Month period. 328 MPG: Baledino Matilo (Village: Baledino Matilo) Training workshop at MPG- Baledino Matilo at the Village Baledino Matilo on dated 28th December 2019. Total participants at training were 60 (21 males, 39 Females). Dr. Shahzad Iqbal (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic and necessary arrangements conducted training for male participants, while Dr. Fozia Sindhu (LLS/SAGP-L) conducted the training for female participants at designated venue i.e. House of Mr. Nisar Ahmed Services provider Dr: Azhar Ahmed Solangi (VO)-Animal Breeding Khairpur Mirs also attended training workshop and perceived implementation of training consequently. Introductory Session: Mr. Ali Asghar, Executive body member has started training with recitation of Holy Quran. Afterwards, Mr: Nisar Ahmed Matilo, President of MPG- Mitho Mino has welcomed all participants and thanked ILRI for conducting this training. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in attainment of productivity of animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has emphasized to participants for taking full interest and whatever they have questions they may ask from trainers so that these issues could be solved and so ultimately they can get more and more production from our animals. Trainer welcomed all participants and further, he added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that they can overcome these issues and get maximum benefits from their domestic animals and primarily this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Meanwhile, further stressed farmers that they must take keen interest and share all their queries and reservations in order to have provision of services up to desirable expectations. Technical Session: “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic Improvement” Flex No.2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY IN DAIRY CATTLE 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Genetics Flex No. 3 what step do you know for proper animal health management? What are the important steps should be taken follow biosecurity plan? Flex No. 4 What are the types of feeds you know? Why are minerals important for dairy animals? The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Flexi No.5 Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat) With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. Flex No. 7 Natural Mating: • Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat. • Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls. • Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.• Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. 329 Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): Flexi No. 8, IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Flexi No. 9 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Flexi No. 10, Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals Flexi no. 11 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures: Flexi no.12 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways: Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. FlexiNo.13 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW you can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. Conversation: After completing the training, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr: Nisar Ali has asked that I have a Buffalo, which was not comes on timely esturs? Dr. Shahzad Iqbal has replied that you must check your Buffalo today with us Dr: Azhar Ahmed Solangi (VO)-Animal Breeding he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Others farmer shared issues regarding cow not come in heat and reproductive disordered Dr: Azhar Ahmed Solangi (VO)-Animal Breeding responded that from now onward if you have any problem, please contact me I will give you proper treatment regarding heat and any problem. Trainer Responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoLF will treat your cow/buffalo according. In Last Trainer thanks all participates and executive committee for organize a nice get- together for capacity building training of Mpg members. 330 4.5.2 District: Sukkur MPG: Hoth Khan Napper (Village: Hoth Khan Napper) One day Training Workshop of MPG Members on Animal Reproduction, Breeding & Genetic Improvement were conduct at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 24th December 2019. Total participants at the training Workshop were 33 (16 Members & 17 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Manzoor Ahmed Memon LSI – Rohri District Sukkur & Mr Nawaz Ahmed Bullo LSI – Livestock Production Sukkur also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Allah Warayo, Member of the village has start the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ramzan, MPG – President has warmly welcome all participants and thanked ILRI for Successful arrangement of Event. He shared that we are facing different hard challenges in getting productivity of the animals and use of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has requested to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions, you may ask from the ILRI- trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Mr Manzoor Ahmed Memon - LSI has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Specking on the occasion Mr Nawaz Ahmed Bullo – LSI, Livestock Production District Sukkur said that, we are thankful to for conduct such training on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further explained to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: Training Associate – ILRI Dr.Ubaid Qureshi start technical session of the workshop. During session, Dr. Ubaid has asked relevant questions on Major factors affecting the productivity in dairy business With reference to training module flex No.2. Participants replied well about Animal Health, housing Management and about availability of feeding Rations. Farmers were not know about the importance of excellent selection of breeds from breeding & ilk Production point of view. He has explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your farming. 331 Flexes No. 3 reference to Animal Health Management, participants known about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the responsibility of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of Taking care of mixing of animals during the grazing areas where already the disease outbreak seen. With recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS diseases and they identify signs and symptoms but have low knowledge about Parasitic & Protozoan Infections related diseases. Trainer when asked different questions about different diseases farmer’s response well, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should be separate. Dr Ubaid requested to all participants to properly keeping save animals with precautionary measurement. Flex No.4 Connected with Moreover, when asked about variety of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Moreover, Farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. Trainer shared his views about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better awareness after participating in last year awareness workshop, which were conducted on Animal health Management, & feeds feeding of dairy animals conducted by ILRI at MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After Tea & Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started Session and shared information about Overview of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in oestrus cycle detection for successful breeding/ Pregnancy. With Reference to Flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination. Moreover, connected to No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. Finally, Shared information that selection of Productive breeds and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. He explained the major benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity. He shared basic tools of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 332 Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your wanted results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: Finally Training Session Completed & Trainer Dr Ubaid Qureshi shared that session was opened for questions and answers, Muhammad Mehar has asked that I have a Buffalo, and which was got Inseminated few months ago but I do not know about Result. Dr. Ubaid replied that you must check your cow after two months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Manzoor Ahmed Memon (LSI) Present in training after session completed he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether pregnant or not. Mr. Anwer Ali requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Ubaid informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Mr Manzoor Ahmed Memon to make a list. He responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: Finally, Training Completed Trainer requested to all participants to note down your names to Mr Manzoor Ahmed Memon to see your farm animals those are suffering from any Reproductive Disorders. A Selected group of farmers visited farm of Mr. Ramzan. Manzoor Ahmed Memon-LSI checked the Different animals, which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpation. Manzoor Ahmed Memon – LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Sukkur and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. After complete field visit of a breeding camp activity Mr. Manzoor Ahmed Memon Shortlisted, the names of farmers those are complain regarding the repetition of Oestrus Cycle, delay in Oestrus cycle, Early Embryonic Death & different reproductive disorders. 333 MPG: Sawand (Village: Dr Ali Nawaz Sawand) Capacity building Training of MPG Members of Sawand on Animal Reproduction, Breeding & Genetic Improvement were conduct at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 25th December 2019. Total participants at the training Workshop were 36 (24 Members & 12 Non Members). ). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Dr. Fareed Ahmed Memon, Deputy Director (Livestock Production) Sukkur & Nawaz Ahmed Bullo LSI – Rohri - District Sukkur also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: One of MPG Member was represent for recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ali Bux, President of the MPG has warmly welcome all the participants and Paid Special thanks to ILRI for organizing this workshop. He also shared that we are facing different issues with related to animal breeding & facing delay in heat detection, late pregnancy etc. etc. Mr President discuss in detail that you may ask questions/reservations, you may ask from the Dr Ubaid he will be shared his basic knowledge and we can get more and more production tools from our animals after getting this training Session. He made thanks to ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He shared that it is nice event for farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can realize/identify these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the objective of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr Ubaid Qureshi begins the technical session. He asked many relevant questions regarding importance of factors those are relate to the productivity of your dairy business. With references to the flex No.3. MPG Members / Non Members well about Animal health care, housing management of animals and about availability of fodders and feeds. MPG Members were not fully educate about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 connected to participants were aware about the biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On diagnosis of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot & Mouth and HS disease and the recognition of disease with the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about other contagious & non-contagious diseases. When Trainer making 334 questions about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the DOLF Staff. He discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease burden and how they can handle whenever they face the disease particularly contagious diseases. With References to Flex No. 4 approximately the Feeds & feeding Practices for their Lactating animals, farmers had good information about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they replied well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not concerned with requirement of a dairy animal. He discussed in detail about offering water to the animals, farmers replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. Trainer asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid Brief in detail about basic tool for proper balance diet provide to your dairy animals. Tea Refreshment provided to all participants, Dr.Ubaid started training Session and shared the Knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, Posture, Position and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail, role, and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Furthermore, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. In conclusion given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their 335 importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. With proper & Technical usage of the cow calendar, you can get more profitable results & good breeds with your resources. Discussion: Technical Session completed ILRI- Training Associate Invite Mr Nawaz Ahmed Bullo - LSI to discuss & overview about today session. He explained that what are the basic signs and symptoms of Heat Detection & what is the right time to inseminate the cow properly. He also explain that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr Fareed Ahmed Memon DDLP– Sukkur shared his views about Artifical Insemination & what are the basic tools for successful achievement from A.I, He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that if your animal suffering from any reproductive disorders you should contact with service DOLF Staff. Field Visit: Lunch offered to all participants & group of farmers visited farm of Ali Jaan where he checked, that Cross breed of Cattle, which is not come in heat from six months and waiting for next oestrus cycle. Mr Nawaz Ahmed Bullo-LSI visit different farms where many animals are suffering from different Reproductive Disorder. Mr Nawaz– LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful cases in District Sukkur and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefits. 336 Animal Reproduction Cases / Training Day S. No : Farmer Name Members / Non Breed Reproductive Disorders/ Suggestions/ Member Artificial Insemination Treatment 1 Shahnoor Member Kundhi Waiting for breeding / Artificial Buffalo Artificial Insemination Insemination 2 Gul Hassan Non-Member K u n d h i Delay in oestrus Check through Buffalo rectal Examination 3 Ali Jaan Member Cross breed not comes in heat from 04 Check through months rectal Examination 337 MPG: Umer Farooq (Village: Nawaz Mangrio) Capacity Building training of MPG Members on Animal Reproduction breeding & genetic Improvement at MPG-Umer Farooq was conduct at the MPG Milk Collection Centre on dated 26th December 2019. Total participants at the training program were 34 (only Male Participants). Dr.Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI- Thatta) has made all logistic arrangements & conducted training for male participants, and conducted the training for male participants only. Manzoor Ahmed Memon LSI – Rohri – Livestock Production Sukkur also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Zameer Ahmed, MT –Chiller has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Sain Dino President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He shared that we are facing lot of challenges in getting production of the animals and intervention of Artificial Insemination (AI). He has stressed to participants for taking complete attention and whatever you have questions/Reservations you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could solved and we can get better production from our animals. Manzoor Ahmed Memon (LSI) – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Training Associate – ILRI Dr Ubaid Qureshi started technical session of the workshop. He asked many different questions regarding factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming industry as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, animal housing and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. With References to flex No. 3 related to Animal health management, Biosecurity & Zoosynatry participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in 338 common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When share about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept away from other animals and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for worker who is looking after of sick animals, and of the DOLF Staff. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi briefly discuss in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease outbreak chances and how they can handle whenever their animals are suffering from contagious disease. Flex No. 4 He explained regarding the importance of feeding practices for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to Availability but not according to the need and production of the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When share about minerals, they offer only Rock Salt and did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After Tea Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions with the help of pictures. As per flexi No.5. In addition, Comparative signs of heat and importance of proper heat detection for successful breeding achievement. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the methods of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail, role, and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about 339 selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: Training Session Completed & the training Workshop Forum was open for questions and answers, Sain Dino has asked that I have a Red Sindhi Cattle come in heat Repetedly and not conceive. what is the reason behind this please do something for her , Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed ok fine Mr Manzoor Ahmed Memon-LSI will check now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with DOLF Staff but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. 340 MPG: Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (Village: Daffer Jatoi) Training workshop at MPG-Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai on Animal Reproduction, breeding & Genetic Improvement was conduct at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 31th December2019. Total participants at the training program were 25 (Total Male Participant’s only). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Training of MPG Members were conduct at Residence of Muhammad Ayoob Jatoi. Inaugural Session: Jaan Muhammad, MPG Member has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran Mr. Ayoob President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination. Muhammad Ayoob has stressed to participants for taking keen and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. He has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He also tell this it is a big opportunity for farmers to know better practices for better livestock Management & how to increase the Milk Production of animals and decreases the Diseases Ratio. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi started technical session of the workshop. He asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 References to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures / Zoo Synatry for the animals. Especially Responsibilities of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the grazing of animals in grazing areas where disease seen. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When shared about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk 341 production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. He discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Animal Nutrition & routine feeding management related with flex # 04, farmers had good awareness about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about variety of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. In addition, about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. Tea & Refreshment offered to all the participant, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions pictorial description as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail, role, and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. 342 Discussion: Training Workshop completed - Training Associate Invite Muhammad Ayoob Jatoi- President to discuss & overview about today session. He explained that what are the basic signs and symptoms of Heat Detection & what is the right time to inseminate the cow properly. He also explain that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. He shared his views about Artifical Insemination & what are the basic tools for successful achievement from A.I, He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that if your animal suffering from any reproductive disorders you should contact with service DOLF Staff. Field Visit: Lunch offered to all participants & group of farmers visited farm of Allah Juriyo where Dr Ubaid Visit and checked that Cross breed of Cattle, which is not come in heat from six months and waiting for next oestrus cycle. Visit different farms where many animals are suffering from different Reproductive Disorder. He shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System, heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful cases in District Sukkur and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefits. 343 MPG: Tarai (Village: Rato Bhambhro) Capacity building Training workshop of Tarai - MPG Members on Animal Reproduction Breeding & Genetic Improvement at MPG-Haji Shafi Muhammad was conduct at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 02th January 2019. Total participants at the training program were 32 (Total Male Participants). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, and conducted the training for male participants only. Manzoor Ahmed Memon LSI – Rohri – Livestock Production Sukkur also attended the workshop. Training were conduct at Residential Area of Mr Abdul Kareem Mehar – MPG Member. Inaugural Session: Allah Dito, Participants has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Chanesar President of MPG has welcomed all the participants and thankful ILRI for conduct this workshop. He shared that we have seen different challenges in getting profitability/ Productivity of the animals and proper use of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Manzoor Ahmed Memon – LSI has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for contribution for success of capacity building of the MPG members. He explained that it is nice opportunity for our farmers to share their issues with reference to reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your dairy business. Technical Session: Dr.Ubaid Qureshi started the technical session of the workshop. He asked many related questions regarding major factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing management of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 related with proper animal health management, participants were well educate about the biosecurity parameters for the animals. Role and Responsibilities of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of take care of animals during the grazing time and areas where 344 disease is already present. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. He also shared views about those disease which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary Parameters, farmers were fairly known should kept separately and their water and feed equipment’s should also be separated, whereas they were not well educate about that how what to do with farm staff who is looking after of sick animals, Dolf Staff Responsibilities. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi Shared his views that how the farmers can reduce the disease risk factor / disease ratio among the herd and what are the basic tools for successful dairy farming with the help of preventative measurements. Flex # 04 is explanation about the importance of Routine feeding management practices for their dairy animals. Farmers had good awareness about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. Moreover, about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the beneficent messages from the flexes and shared complete balance diet / Ration practices. Tea Refreshment offer to participants, Trainer started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall Reproductive cycle with the help of diagram as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail, role, and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding 345 practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: Finally Training Session Completed , Participants was opened for questions and answers, Mr Chanesar has asked that I have one Kundi Buffalo which are repeat again and again in heat come in heat again and again and not conceive what is the reason behind this please do something for her. Manzoor Ahmed Memon - LSI now but from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact with me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today during the training workshop. Dr Ubaid also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo as per diagnosis / infection. Field Visit: After Enjoyed Lunch, we have Visited Different farm to see animals, which are suffering from different Reproductive Disorders. Mr Wahid bux request to LSI that I have a cow today for Artifical Insemination then Mr Manzoor LSI visited and do the Insemination. Dr Ubaid Shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Sujjawal and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. Different names of farmers shortlisted in the presence of Mr Manzoor. 346 Animal Reproduction Cases / Training Day S. No : Farmer Name Members / Non Breed Reproductive Suggestions/ Member Disorders/ Artificial Treatment Insemination 1 Wahid Bux Member Kundhi Waiting for breeding Artificial Buffalo / Artificial Insemination Insemination 2 Chanesar Non-Member S a h i w al Comes in heat again Check through rectal Cross breed and again Examination 3 Muhammad Member Kundi not comes in heat Check through rectal Mustafa Buffalo from 04 months Examination 347 4.5.3 District: Larkana MPG: Sajjan Hakro (Village: Sajjan Hakro) Training workshop at MPG-Sajjan Hakro was conducted at the MPG-General Sitting in Ootaq of Mr.Muhammad Ismial on dated 20th November 2019. Total participants in training program were 46 (24-Male & 22-Females). Dr.Barkat Ali Kalwar (Training Associate/ILRI) and Dr. Badarun Nisa (LSS) have made all logistic arrangements and conducted Training Separately in Male & Female; During Training Dr. Shahid Ali Khan (Project Coordinator/SAGP-L-ILRI) visited training in (Male Participants) at same Venue. Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) for Breed Improvement) Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the next day, ILRI Team facilitate the DoLF Service provider for Vaccination Camp and Sample Collection during the ILRI Training. Inaugural Session: Workshop stared with the recitation from Holy Quran by Mr. Rehmatullah (Executive body member) of MPG, whereas Mr. Muhammad Panjal, President of the MPG-Sajjan Hakro has welcomed to all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this training workshop. President further added that we have already many challenges of lower milk production in our animals and in getting success in practise of Artificial Insemination AI. Mr. Muhammad Panjal has also stressed to all trainees for taking keen interest and whatever you have queries/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved. So that we can get more milk production from our animals Dr. Rabeel (LSI-Breed Improvement) said that, we are thankful to ILRI that they started trainings on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further stressed to farmers that you might share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide quality services up to your satisfaction on your door step. Technical Session: Technical session of Training workshop started by Dr. Barkat Ali, where as session was separate in (male and female participants). In this session, Dr. Shahid Ali Khan asked so many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2). Participants replied well about animal health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Shahid Ali Khan explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. In flex (3) related to animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 348 Dr. Shahid Ali Khan discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. On Flex (4), about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. And about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they feed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Shahid Ali Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali started training in Male group and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi (5). In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex (7-8), shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13- 14), explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr. Abdul Muhammad Panjal appreciated the Training and request to the ILRI and Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Breeding replied that hopefully tomorrow we will arrange a breeding camp to check the animals. Mr.Rabeel also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Closing Remarks of ILRI Project Coordinator at MPG- (Sajjan Hakro) After competition of Technical session ILRI’s Project Coordinator Dr.Shahid Ali Khan appreciate the active participation of MPG Members and Farmers and shared his views with the participants that ILRI under SAGPL project wants to increase the strength and knowledge of farmers towards better lives through livestock. Furthermore MPG level Trainings on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Genetic 349 Improvement will help the farmer to identify the problems related to the breeding and also aware the latest techniques with better animal breeding management. ILRI-Project Coordinator also shared that due to project interventions and interest of farmers, ILRI wants to establish this MPG as a role model for the District and DPIU’s Field Visit: On the Same Day vaccination of (FMD & ETV) were also done (395-animals were vaccinated) by DoLF service Providers. By this activity MPG Members are very Much Happy. On Next day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services and Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL –Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training Whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr,Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 350 MPG: Gokalpur (Village: Gokalpur) Training workshop at MPG-Gokalpur was conducted at the General sitting of MPG members at president “Ootaq” on dated 21st November 2019. Total participants in training program were 32 (20-Male & 12-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at president “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Animal Breeding, Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Rano Khan, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr. Bashir Ahmed (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Gokalpur. Mr.Bashir Ahmed has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 351  Dr.Barkat Ali discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 80- litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 352 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Bashir Ahmed appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Hakim Ali and other participant discussed the anoestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr. Rabeel Khan also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On the Same Day vaccination of (FMD & ETV) were also done (395-animals were vaccinated) by DoLF service Providers. By this activity MPG Members are very Much Happy. On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr. Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 353 MPG: Koreija (Village: Koreija) Training workshop at MPG-Koreija was conducted at the General sitting of MPG members at president “Ootaq” on dated 16th October 2019. Total participants in training were 46 (25-Male & 21-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at president “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service Provider Mr.Rabeel Khan Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Asif Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Niaz Ali (activisit) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Naseer Ahmed (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Koreija (Koreija). Mr.Naseer Ahmed has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were not well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Mastitis and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like FMD, Fever Mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 354  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers have a moderate knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 50-60 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 355 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Niaz Ahli appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Naseer and other participant discussed the prolapsed problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr.Rabeel Khan also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On the Same Day vaccination of (FMD & ETV) were also done (365-animals were vaccinated) by DoLF service Providers. By this activity MPG Members are very Much Happy. On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr. Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly . 356 MPG: Kot Bhutto (Village: Kot Bhutto) Training workshop at MPG-Kot Bhutto was conducted at the Ootaq on dated 26th November 2019. Total participants in training were 38 (23-Male & 15-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at president “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Rabeel Khan Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Javid Ali After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Parveez Ali (President) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Abdul Qayoom (General Secretary) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Kot Bhutto). Mr.Abdul Qayoom has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms and good less knowledge about Anthrax and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 357  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had well knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like Grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda and Minerals.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 358 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Niaz appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Naseer Ahmed and other participant discussed the uterine prolapsed and anoestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr. Rabeel Khan also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On the Same Day vaccination of (FMD & ETV) were also done (457-animals were vaccinated) by DoLF service Providers. By this activity MPG Members are very Much Happy. On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr. Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. . 359 MPG: Mehar Buriro/Kodrani Abra Training workshop at MPG-Mehar Buriro/Kodrani Abra was conducted at the “Ootaq” on dated 21st October 2019. Total participants in training were 35 (16-Male & 19-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted combined training session in both groups (male & female) at “Ootaq”. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Abbass Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Ahmed (General Secretary) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Nazir AHmed (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Mehar Buriro/ Kodrani Abra. From the SAGPL Dr.Ilahi Bux Jogi Sb, did participated in the ILRI ABGI-Training at MPG-Kodrani Abra. Mr.Ali Ahmed has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms and have a good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 360  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda and Minerals.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3-4 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 361  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Nazir appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Ali Ahmed and other participant discussed the anoestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr.Rabeel Khan also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On the Same Day vaccination of (FMD & ETV) were also done (657-animals were vaccinated) by DoLF service Providers. By this activity MPG Members are very Much Happy. On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr. Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. MPG: Phulpoto (Village: Phulpoto) Training workshop at MPG-Phulpoto was conducted at “Ootaq” on dated 22nd October 2019. Total participants in training were 38 (15-Male & 23-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at“Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the 362 same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Fateh Muhammad, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Shahnawaz (activist) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Fateh (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Phulpoto). Mr.Fateh Muhammd has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Anthrax and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like Diarrhea, Mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of 363 feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates, Vanda and Minerals. However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2-3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Fateh Muhammad appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the Services Team for arranging Sample Collection Camp. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. 364 Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullam Murtaza Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 365 MPG: Bhoot Kharoos (Village: Bhoot Kharoos) Training workshop at MPG- Bhoot Kharoos was conducted at the “Ootaq” on dated 03-Dec 2019. Total participants in training were 45 (21-Male & 24-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Imadad Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Noorullah (General Secretory) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Noorullah (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Bhoot Kharoos). Mr.Noorullah has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, Deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. 366  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2-3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 367 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Imdad Ali appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Noorullah and other participant discussed the different reproductive problems with service provider team, In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 368 MPG: Izat Ji Wandh (Village: Izat Ji Wandh) Training workshop at MPG- Izat Ji Wandh was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 5th Dec 2019. Total participants in training were 43 (22-Male & 21-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the warm welcomed by and recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Faiz Muhammad (activisit) to the participants and after that Mr.Nisar (General Secretary) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Izat Ji Wandh. Mr.Khalid Hussian has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were well aware about the overall bio security measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have good knowledge about Anthrax, Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 369  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 3 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for 370 use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Khalid, appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Nisar, Khalid & Imam Din and other participant discussed the different reproductive problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Rabeel (LSI) also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 371 MPG: Jhan Khan Khakhrani (Village: Jhan Khan Khakrani) Training workshop at MPG-Jhan Khan Khakhrani was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 9th December 2019. Total participants in training were 31 (19-Male & 12-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Hadi Bux, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Ghullam Abbass welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Gulsher (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Jhan Khan Khakhrai. Mr.Ghullam Abbass has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 372  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 373 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Ghullam Abbass appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Gulsher, Hatim and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, in this regard Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Rabeel Khan also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Rabeel Khan did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 374 MPG: Bhalreiji (Village: Bhalreiji) Training workshop at MPG-Bhalreiji was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 10th December 2019. Total participants in training were 59 (20-Male & 39-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Dildar, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Muhammad Aslam welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Syed Gumbal Shah (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Bhalriji. Mr.Muhammad Aslam has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 375  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 376 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Muhammad Aslam appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Gumbal Shah, M.Aslam and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr.Wajid Ali Khan also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services accordingly. 377 MPG: Mehran Cooperative (Village: Butra) Training workshop at MPG-Mehran Cooperative (Butra) was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 12th Dec- 2019. Total participants in training were 30 (13-Male & 17-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Zahid ALi, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Amir ALi welcome to the participants and after that Mr. Mr.Syed Shahn Shah (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Mehran Cooperative (Butra). Mr.Syed Shahn Shah has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 378  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 379 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Syed Shahn Shah appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Amir Ali and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, in this regard Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 380 MPG: Mitho Khuhroo (Village: Mitho Khuhroo) Training workshop at MPG-Mitho Khuhroo was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 16th December 2019. Total participants in training were 39 (20-Male & 19-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullam Murtaza (DDL/SVO) Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Naeem Khan, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Abdul Hakeem welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Lal Bux (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Mitho Khuhroo. Mr.Lal Bux has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 381  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 80-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 382 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Lal Bux appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Hakim Ali, Lal Bux and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullam Murtaza Kumbhar (DDL/SVO) along with Mr.Rabeel Khan (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullam Murtaza also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Rabeel did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 383 MPG: Ghaji Dero (Village: Ghaji Dero) Training workshop at MPG-Ghaji Dero was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 17th November 2019. Total participants in training were 71 (26-Male & 45-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Mumtaz Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Javeed Ali welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Bashir AHmed (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Ghaji Dero. Mr.Bashir Ahmed has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 384  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importanc e of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding 385 management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Bashir Ahmed appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Javeed, Mr.Bashir and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullam Murtaza (DDL / SVO) along with Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullam Murtaza also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 386 MPG: Hatri Ghullam Shah (Village: Hatri Ghullam Shah) Training workshop at MPG-Hatri Ghullam Shah was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 20th November 2019. Total participants in training were 46 (25-Male & 21-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullam Murtaza (DDL/SVO) & MR.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Ali Gul, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Rashid Ali welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Ulfat Ali Shah (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Hatri Ghullam Shah. Mr.Ulfat Ali Shah has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 387  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 388  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail, l demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Ulfat Shah appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Rashid Ali and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, in this regard Dr.Ghullam Murtaza (DDL/SVO) along with Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullam Murtaza also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 389 MPG: Kot Qaboloo (Village: Kot Qaboloo) Training workshop at MPG-Kot Qaboloo was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 24th November 2019. Total participants in training were 36 (20-Male & 16-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Ali Gohar, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Muhammad Bux welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Muhammad Punhal (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Kot Qaboloo . Mr.Muhammad Punhal has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 390  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding 391 management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Muhammad Punhal appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Muhammad Punhal and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, in this regard Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 392 MPG: Usman Kalhoro (Village: Usman Kalhoroo) Training workshop at MPG-Usman Kalhoro was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 25th December 2019. Total participants in training were 58 (27-Male & 31-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Bilawal, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Fida Hussian welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Ghullam Umer (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Usman Kalhoroo. Mr.Bilawal has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 393  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 394  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Muhammad Umar appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Bilawal, Fida Hussian and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 395 MPG: Rawat Kheehro (Village: Rawat Kheehro) Training workshop at MPG-Rawat Kheehro was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 26th December 2019. Total participants in training were 40 (17-Male & 23-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Gulzar Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Badar Ali welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Sudheer Ali (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Rawat Kheehro. Mr.Sudheer has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals. 396  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 397 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Sudheer appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Altaf, Sudheer & Badar ALi and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullam Murtaza (DDL/SVO) along with Mr.Wajid Ali (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullam Murtaza also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 398 MPG: Khuhra (Village: Khuhra) Training workshop at MPG-Khuhra was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 30th December 2019. Total participants in training were 39 (21-Male & 18-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) Animal Breeding Larkana also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Zahid Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Waheed Ali welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Altaf Hussian (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Khuhra. Mr.Altaf Hussian has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. 399  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases.  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. 400  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Altaf Hussian appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Ali Gul, Deedar and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Ghullam Murtaza (DDL) along with Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Ghullam Murtaza also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Ghullam Murtaza & Mr.Wajid Ali Qazi did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 401 Annexure-1 Collobrated of ILRI & DoLF Team Work Under SAGPL During ILRI Training MPG/Village No: Animals S.r# Date MPG Cow Buff Sheep Goat Total 1 20-Nov-2019 MPG-Sajjan Hakro 50 237 8 62 357 2 21-Nov-2019 MPG-Gokalpur 4 381 3 7 395 3 25-Nov-2019 MPG-Koreija 30 297 0 38 365 4 26-Nov-2019 MPG-Kot Bhutto 24 367 7 59 457 6 28-Nov-2019 MPG-Mehar Buriro/Kodrani Abra 29 477 145 6 657 G.Total 137 1759 163 172 2231 Annexure-2 OFFICE OF DEPUTY DIRECTOR LIVESTOCK PRODUTION & A.I SERVICE LARKANA MPGs BASE A.I, P.D AND REPRODUCTIVE DISEASE TREATED CAMP No:of Others Breeding S.No: S.No: Dated MPG Name of Farmer CNiC No: Kind of Animal Animal Disease Diagnosis Service Remarks 1 1 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Rajib Ali 43203-5657475-1 Cow 1 Cervicidis Rectal Palpation 2 2 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Jameel Ahmed NA Cow 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 3 1 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Ulfat Shah 43206-0875463-3 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 4 2 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Ulfat Shah 43206-0875463-3 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 5 3 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Ali Shah 43206-4929217-1 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 6 4 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Ali Shah 43206-4929217-1 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 7 5 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Ghulam Akbar 43201-2369244-9 Cow 1 Anestrus Rectal Palpation Negative 8 1 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Nadeem 43201-9798796-5 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 9 2 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Nadeem 43201-9798796-5 Cow 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 10 3 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Khalil 43201-15698735-2 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 11 4 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Sajan 43201-1690416-1 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 12 5 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Barkat Ali 43201-9475932-0 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 13 6 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Mehrab Ali 43201-1867213-5 Cow 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 14 7 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboloo Muhammad 43201-8508464-1 Punhal Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 15 1 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Abdul Majeed 43201-9227138-1 Cow 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 16 2 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Asif Ali 43201-3301590-3 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 17 3 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Muneer Ahmed NA Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Positive 18 4 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Altaf Hussian 43201-1865556-5 Buffalo 2 Pregnancy Test Rectal Palpation Negative 19 1 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Himath Ali 43201-3559993-9 Cow 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 20 2 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Himath Ali 43201-3559993-9 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 21 3 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Akhtar Ali 43201-7976938-3 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 22 4 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Rajib Ali NA Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Positive 23 5 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Fida Hussian NA Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Positive 24 6 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Sirai Mazhar Ali NA Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 25 1 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Fatah Ali NA Buffalo 1 Anestrus Rectal palpation Anestrus 26 2 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Ameer Ali NA Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 27 3 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Koral 43201-9090327-9 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 28 4 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Sadam 43201-1696618-9 Buffalo 1 Pregnancy Rectal Palpation Negative 402 Annexure-3 CENTRAL VERTERINARY DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY CVDL-LARKANA (Data of Sample Collected from MPG'S Under SAGPL-Project During ILRI Field Trainings/ Interventions at District Larkana) Br Sam ple B Ag uc Ot e Fe M ell Samples Sr # Date Village/MPG District CNIC Name of Owner No:/ u Cow he (Y M/ Blood Blood CMT Collected Cod f r ea F Smear Serum ac il al k Result a (M By: Lab e f rs) RT Technician ) 2 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Ghous Bux B-2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 3 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-3159530-7 Abdul Khalique B-3 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 4 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-3159530-7 Abdul Khalique B-4 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 5 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Ghous Bux B-5 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 6 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-0747133-3 M.Puhajanl B-6 1 0 0 5 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 7 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-0747133-3 M.Puhajanl C-1 0 1 0 6 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 8 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-3046817-9 Sultan B-7 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 9 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-3046817-9 Sultan B-8 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 10 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana 43205-3046817-9 Sultan B-9 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 11 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Gul Muhammad B-10 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 12 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Gul Muhammad B-11 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 13 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Hizibullah B-12 1 0 0 5 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 14 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Hizibullah B-13 1 0 0 1 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 15 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Hizibullah B-14 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 16 20-Nov-19 Sajjan Hakro Larkana NA Muhammad Ismial B-15 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 17 21-Nov-19 Gokalpur Larkana 43203-3858704-9 Ghulam Hussain Junejo B-1 1 0 0 2 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 18 21-Nov-19 Gokalpur Larkana 43203-3858704-9 Ghulam Hussain Junejo B-2 1 0 0 0.5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 19 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana NA Muhammad Ismial B-1 1 0 0 6 F 1 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 20 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana NA Parveez B-2 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 21 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana 43205-2040405-5 Riaz Ahmed B-3 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 22 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana 43205-1896394-9 Zaheer Hussain B-4 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 23 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana 43205-1896394-9 Zaheer Hussain B-5 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 24 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana 43205-6506148-3 Akhtiyar B-6 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 25 22-Nov-19 Koreija Larkana 43205-6506148-3 Akhtiyar B-7 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 26 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-9859538-9 Azhar Ali B-1 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 27 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-7878289-9 Hakim Ali B-2 1 0 0 7 F 1 0 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 28 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Suhna Khan B-3 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 29 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Suhna Khan B-4 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 30 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Suhna Khan B-5 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 31 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Danish B-6 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 32 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Danish B-7 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 33 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-5829365-9 Asif Ali B-8 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 34 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-5829365-9 Asif Ali B-9 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 35 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43203-3354033-1 Ghulam Ullah B-10 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 0 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 36 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Wahab B-11 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 37 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Wahab B-12 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 38 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana NA Wahab B-13 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 39 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-9934752-7 Zameer Hussian B-14 1 0 0 9 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 40 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-9934752-7 Zameer Hussian B-15 1 0 0 8 F 0 1 0 0 NA M.Pannah 41 25-Nov-19 Kot Bhutta Larkana 43205-1980473-5 Abdul Qayum B-16 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 42 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Awais Ahmed B-1 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 43 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Awais Ahmed B-2 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 44 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Awais Ahmed B-3 1 0 0 2 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 45 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana 43205-1706960-9 Nazeer Ali B-4 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 46 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana 43205-1706960-9 Nazeer Ali B-5 1 0 0 1 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 47 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Kaloo B-6 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 48 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Kaloo B-7 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 49 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana 43205-6187242-9 Saffar B-8 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 50 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana 43205-6187242-9 Saffar B-9 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 51 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Sabir B-10 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 52 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Sabir Ali B-11 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 53 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Fiaz Ali B-12 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 54 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Fiaz Ali B-13 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 55 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Fiaz Ali B-14 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 56 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Fiaz Ali B-15 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 57 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Fiaz Ali B-16 1 0 0 10 F 0 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 58 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Rehmatullah B-17 1 0 0 9 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 59 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Rehmatullah B-18 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 60 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Rehmatullah B-19 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 61 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Rehmatullah B-20 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 62 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Rahmatullah B-21 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 63 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana 43205-3797980-9 Muhammad Amin Burriro B-22 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 64 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana 43205-3797980-9 Muhammad Amin Burriro B-23 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 65 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Hafizullah B-24 1 0 0 10 F 0 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 66 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Hafizullah B-25 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 67 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Hafizullah B-26 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 68 28-Nov-19 Kodrani Abra Larkana NA Hafizullah B-27 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 69 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana NA Dildar B-1 1 0 0 5 F 1 1 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 70 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana NA Dildar B-2 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 0 0 NA M.Pannah 71 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana NA Mir Ahmed B-3 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 72 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana 43205-0337612-7 Riaz Hussian B-4 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 0 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 73 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana 43205-0337612-8 Riaz Hussian B-5 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 74 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana 43205-0846082-1 Lal Mohammad B-6 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 75 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana 43205-0846082-1 Lal Mohammad B-7 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 0 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 76 2-Dec-19 Phulpoto Larkana 43205-7232819-3 fateh Ali B-8 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 0 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 77 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana NA Haji Allah Bux B-1 1 0 0 2 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 78 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana NA Haji Allah Bux C-1 0 1 0 0 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 79 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana 43205-6365696-7 Anwar Kharoos C-2 0 1 0 1 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 80 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana 43205-8587675-1 Abdul Hakeem C-3 0 1 0 5 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 81 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana 43205-7242951-5 Imam Din C-4 0 1 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 82 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana 43205-4128311-9 Muhammad Ali C-5 0 1 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 83 3-Dec-19 Bhoot Kharoos Larkana 43205-6301659-1 Muhammad Younis C-6 0 1 0 0 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 84 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana 43205-0491417-7 Fiaz Muhammad B-1 1 0 0 0.5 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 85 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana 43205-0728139-9 Moar B-2 1 0 0 0.5 F 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 86 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana 43205-0728139-9 Moar B-3 1 0 0 1 M 1 1 1 0 NA M.Pannah 87 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana 42501-2156739-3 Bhadur Ali B-4 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 88 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana 43205-1512441-7 Muhammad Azam B-5 1 0 0 10 F 0 0 1 1 4-Positive M.Pannah 403 89 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana NA Allah Rakhiyoo B-6 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 1 2-Positive M.Pannah 90 5-Dec-19 Izzat ji Wandh Larkana NA Mehar Ali B-7 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 91 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-6527535-7 Gulsher B-1 0 1 0 8 F 0 0 0 1 Neagtive M.Pannah 92 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-6527535-7 Gulsher C-1 0 1 0 1 F 1 1 2 0 NA M.Pannah 93 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-6527535-7 Gulsher C-2 0 1 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 94 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-3170759-9 Ghulam Abbass B-1 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 95 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-6115511-2 Hamida Khatoon C-3 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 1-Positive M.Pannah 96 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-6326875-1 Hatim C-4 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 97 9-Dec-19 Jhan Khan Khakhrani Larkana 43205-6326875-1 Hatim B-1 1 0 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 NA M.Pannah 98 10-Dec-19 Bhalreiji Larkana Syed Koral Shah B-1 1 0 0 2 M 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 99 10-Dec-19 Bhalreiji Larkana Syed Koral Shah B-2 1 0 0 4 M 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 100 10-Dec-19 Bhalreiji Larkana Syed Koral Shah B-3 1 0 0 1 M 1 1 0 0 0 M.Pannah 101 10-Dec-19 Bhalreiji Larkana Sher Shah B-2 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 0 1 Negative M.Pannah 108 12-Dec-19 Buteria Larkana Munawar Ali Bughio B-1 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 1 2+Positive M.Pannah 109 12-Dec-19 Buteria Larkana Khadim B-2 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 110 12-Dec-19 Buteria Larkana Muhammad Bux B-3 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 118 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana 43203-5657475-1 Rajib Ali C-1 0 1 0 10 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 119 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana 43203-5657475-1 Rajib Ali C-2 0 1 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 120 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana 43203-7693523-9 Munawar Ali B-1 1 0 0 0 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 121 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana NA Jameel Ahmed B-2 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 122 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana NA Jameel Ahmed B-3 1 0 0 6-M M 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 123 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana NA Jameel Ahmed C-3 0 1 0 7 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 124 16-Dec-19 Mitho Khuhroo Larkana NA Jameel Ahmed C-4 0 1 0 4 M 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 125 17-Dec-19 Ghahji Dero Larkana NA Ali Khan C-1 0 1 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 126 17-Dec-19 Ghahji Dero Larkana NA Ali Khan B-1 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 127 17-Dec-19 Ghahji Dero Larkana 43201-1788709-7 Javeed B-2 1 0 0 2 F 1 1 0 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 128 17-Dec-19 Ghahji Dero Larkana 43201-3002026-9 Shahmir Ali C-2 0 1 0 10 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 129 17-Dec-19 Ghahji Dero Larkana 43201-3002026-10 Shahmir Ali B-3 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 130 17-Dec-19 Ghahji Dero Larkana NA Hidayatullah B-4 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 131 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana 43206-0875463-3 Ulfat Shah B-3 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 1 2+Positive M.Pannah 132 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana ############ Ulfat Shah B-1 1 0 0 6 F 1 1 1 0 M.Pannah 133 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana 43206-0875463-3 Ulfat Shah B-2 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 134 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana Ali Shah B-4 1 0 0 1 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 135 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana Ali Shah B-5 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 136 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana Ali Shah B-6 1 0 0 10 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 137 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana Paryal Shah B-7 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 0 1 4+Positive 1 M.Pannah 138 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana ############ Rashid B-8 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 139 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana ############ Rashid C-1 0 1 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 140 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana Khiar Muhammad B-9 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive 1 M.Pannah 141 20-Dec-19 Hatri Ghullam Shah Larkana Ashique Malah B-10 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 142 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana Sajan B-1 1 0 0 15 F 1 1 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 143 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana 43201-9798796-5 Nadeem B-2 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 144 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana 43201-9798796-5 Nadeem B-3 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 145 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana 43201-9798796-5 Nadeem C-1 0 1 0 2 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 146 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana 43201-9798796-5 Nadeem C-2 0 1 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 147 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana 43201-9798796-5 Nadeem B-5 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 148 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana Khalil B-4 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 149 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana Niak Muhammad B-6 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 150 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana Sajan B-7 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 0 M.Pannah 151 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana Shuhrab B-8 1 0 0 5 F 0 0 1 1 3+Positive M.Pannah 152 24-Dec-19 Kot Qaboolo Larkana 43201-9475932-0 Barkat Ali B-9 1 0 0 8 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 153 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana 43201-9227138-1 Abdul Majeed C-1 0 1 0 6 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 154 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana 43201-9227138-1 Abdul Majeed B-1 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 155 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana 43201-9227138-1 Abdul Majeed B-2 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 156 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana 43201-3301590-3 Asif Ali B-3 1 0 0 6 F 0 0 1 1 2+Positive M.Pannah 157 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana Munir Ahmed B-4 1 0 0 3.5 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 158 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana Munir Ahmed B-5 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 2+Positive 1 M.Pannah 159 25-Dec-19 Usman Kalhoro Larkana Nawab Ali B-6 1 0 0 6 F 1 1 1 1 3+Positive M.Pannah 160 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana 43201-3559993-9 Himath Ali C-1 0 1 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 161 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana 43201-3559993-9 Himath Ali B-1 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 162 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana 43201-3559993-9 Himath Ali B-2 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 163 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana ############ Akhtar Ali B-3 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 164 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana Rajib Ali B-4 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 165 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana Bahadur Ali C-2 0 1 0 3 F 0 0 0 1 Negative M.Pannah 166 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana Fida Hussian B-5 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 167 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana Sirai Mazhar Ali B-6 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 0 1 2+Positive M.Pannah 168 26-Dec-19 Rawat Kheero Larkana 43201-3559993-9 Himath Ali C-3 0 1 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 4+Positive M.Pannah 169 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Larkana Fatah Ali B-1 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 2+Positive 1 M.Pannah 170 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Larkana Ameer Ali B-2 1 0 0 4 F 0 0 1 0 0 M.Pannah 171 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Larkana Zahid Ali B-3 1 0 0 2 F 0 0 1 1 4+Positive M.Pannah 172 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Larkana ############ Koral B-4 1 0 0 3 F 0 0 1 0 Negative M.Pannah 173 30-Dec-19 Khuhra Larkana ############ Sadam B-5 1 0 0 7 F 0 0 1 1 0 M.Pannah 404 4.5.4 District: Qamber Shahdadkot MPG: Saadique Maachi (Village: Saadique Machi) Capacity Building training of MPG Members on Animal Reproduction, Breeding & Genetic Improvement were conduct at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 10th December 2019. Total participants at the training Workshop were 30 (15 Members & 15 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Dr. Akhtiar Ali Kalhoro, Deputy Director (Livestock Production) Qamber Shahdadkot & Abbas Ali Bhatti LSI – Nasirabaad District Qamber Shahdadkot & Raheem Bux Panhwar Stock Assistant – Animal Husbandry also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Ali Anwer, MT –Chiller has start the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Nizakat Mangi, MPG – President has warmly welcome all participants and thanked ILRI for Successful arrangement of workshop. He shared that we are facing different hard challenges in getting productivity of the animals and use of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has requested to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions, you may ask from the ILRI- trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Mr Abbas Ali Bhatti LSI has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Specking on the occasion Dr. Akhtiar Ali Kalhoro, Deputy Director (Livestock Production) Qamber Shahdadkot said that, we are thankful to for conduct such training on the issues related to reproduction and breeding especially AI. He further explained to farmers that you might take keen interest and share all your queries and reservations, so that we can provide services up to your expectations. Technical Session: 405 Dr. Ubaid Qureshi begins the technical session of the workshop. In this session, Dr. Ubaid has asked related questions regarding Major factors affecting the profitability in dairy business With reference to training content flex No.2. Participants replied well about Animal Health, housing Management and about availabilities of Feeding Rations. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. He has explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your farming. Flexes No. 3 reference to Animal Health Management, participants known about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the responsibility of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of collectively animals common grazing areas where already the disease outbreak seen. With recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS diseases and they identify signs and symptoms but have low knowledge about Parasitic & Protozoan Infections related diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the Productivity, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should be separate. Dr Ubaid requested to all participants to properly keeping save animals with precautionary measurement. (Zoo Synatry) Flex No.4 related to the feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good information about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. Moreover, Farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. Trainer shared his views about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better awareness after participating in last year awareness workshop, which were conducted on Animal health Management, & feeds feeding of dairy animals conducted by ILRI at MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Khan explained all the key messages to the participants. Enjoy Tea after this, Dr. Ubaid started Session and shared information about Overview of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in oestrus cycle detection for successful breeding/ Pregnancy. With Reference to Flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination. Moreover, connected to No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. Finally, Shared information that selection of Productive breeds and culling of low productive 406 animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. He explained the major benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity. He shared basic tools of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your wanted results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After complete workshop, session was opened for questions and answers, Mr Nizakat Ali Solangi has asked that I have a Buffalo, and which was got Inseminated few months ago but I do not know about Result. Dr. Ubaid replied that you must check your cow after two months, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Abbas Ali Bhatti (LSI) and he will check your Buffalo. If others have to check the pregnancy status of their cow or buffalo, he will check and confirm whether it is pregnant or not. Mr. Anwer Ali requested to check their buffaloes, Dr. Ubaid informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and requested to Mr Abbas Ali Bhatti to make a list. He responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and DoL will treat your cow/buffalo according. 407 Field Visit: Training Workshop Completed & Lunch offered to all Participants. A Selected group of farmers visited farm of Mr. Nizakat. Abbas Ali Bhatti checked the Different animals, which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Abbas Ali – LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Qamber Shahdadkot and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. After complete field visit of a breeding camp activity Mr. Abbas Ali Shortlisted, the names of farmers those are complain regarding the repetition of Oestrus Cycle, delay in Oestrus cycle, Early Embryonic Death & different reproductive disorders. Animal Reproduction Cases / Training Day S. No Farmer Name Members / Non Breed Reproductive Disorders/ Suggestions/ : Member Artificial Insemination Treatment 1 Abdul Sattar Member Kundhi Waiting for breeding / Artificial Solangi Buffalo Artificial Insemination Insemination 2 Nizakat solangi Member K undhi Not conceive after Check through ( President) Buffalo insemination rectal Examination 3 Waqar Solangi Non Member Aza Kheil Delay in oestrus Check through rectal Examination 408 MPG: Bisharat Kalhoro (Village: Bisharat Kalhoro) Training of MPG Members of Bisharat Kalhoro on Animal Reproduction, Breeding & Genetic Improvement were conduct at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 11th December 2019. Total participants at the training Workshop were 27 (20 Members & 07 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Mr Muneer Ahmed Mangi (LSI) Animal Breeding Department Shahdadkot & Raheem Bux Panhwar Stock Assistant – Animal Husbandry also attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: Mr Ameer Ali, Member of the MPG was represent for recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ghulam Umer, President of the MPG has warmly welcome all the participants and Paid Special thanks to ILRI for organizing this workshop. He also shared that we are facing different issues with related to animal breeding & facing delay in heat detection, late pregnancy etc. etc. Mr President discuss in detail that you may ask questions/reservations, you may ask from the Dr Ubaid he will be shared his basic knowledge and we can get more and more production tools from our animals after getting this training Session. He made thanks to ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He shared that it is nice event for farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can realize/identify these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the objective of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Training Associate – ILRI Dr Ubaid Qureshi begins the technical session. He asked many relevant questions regarding importance of factors those are relate to the productivity of your dairy business. With references to the flex No.3. MPG Members / Non Members well about Animal health care, housing management of animals and about availability of fodders and feeds. MPG Members were not fully educate about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. 409 Flex No. 3 related to participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On diagnosis of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about Foot & Mouth and HS disease and the recognition of disease with the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about other contagious & non-contagious diseases. When Trainer asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the DOLF Staff. He discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease burden and how they can handle whenever they face the disease particularly contagious diseases. With References to Flex No. 4 approximately the Feeds & feeding Practices for their Lactating animals, farmers had good information about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they replied well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the requirement of a dairy animal. He discussed in detail about offering water to the animals, farmers replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid Brief in detail about basic tool for proper balance diet provide to your dairy animals. After a short break of tea Refreshment, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the Knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail, role, and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Furthermore, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills. In conclusion given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable 410 dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. With proper & Technical usage of the cow calendar, you can get more profitable results & good breeds with your resources. Discussion: Technical Session completed ILRI- Training Associate Invite Mr Muneer Ahmed Mangi - LSI to discuss & overview about today session. He explained that what are the basic signs and symptoms of Heat Detection & what is the right time to inseminate the cow properly. He also explain that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Mr Muneer shared his complete views about How to do Artifical Insemination & what are the basic tools for successful achievement from A.I He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that if your animal suffering from any reproductive disorders you should contact with service DOLF Staff. Field Visit: Participants enjoyed the lunch, Mr Muneer Ahmed Mangi visited farm of Muhammad Ghulam Umer where he checked that Aza Khail Buffalo which is not come in heat from six months and waiting for next oestrus cycle. Ayaz Ali visit different farms where many animals are suffering from different Reproductive Disorder. Mr Muneer Ahmed – LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection , Breed Improvement , also shared his experience about successful A I cases in District Qamber Shahdadkot and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefits. 411 MPG: Shareefani (Village: Shareefani) Capacity Building training of MPGs Members on Animal Reproduction, breeding & genetic Improvement conducted at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 13th December 2019. Total participants at the training program were 20 (19 Members and 01 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements & conducted the training for male participants, training workshop arrange at Mr Ayaz Kalhoro Residence area. Inaugural Session: Ghulam Shabbir - MPG Member has inaugurate workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Ayaz Hussain Kalhoro, President of the MPG had welcomed all the participants / MPG Members and specialy thanks to ILRI for conduct such an informative workshop . He explained that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has briefly discussed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions, you may ask from Dr Ubaid so that these issues could be solved and we can get more production from our animals. Farman Ali Memon – LSI has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection to educate / be aware of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi take start of technical session of the workshop. He asked many Related open queries regarding important factors affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. He explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business. According to Flexi, # 03 is relate to Animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Vaccination, deworming and the importance of separated grazing area for animals. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation 412 and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animals should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 is connect with the importance of feeding practices / feed requirement for their dairy animals, farmers had good information about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. Moreover, about offering water to the animals, they shared that now they have better knowledge after participating in a last year training of MPG Members on Animal health Management & Feeds & Feeding at MPG. Enjoy the Tea break, Dr. Ubaid again take start for training Session and shared the information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, with reference to Detection of heat, signs symptoms & for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting the Artificial Insemination Role of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally agreed message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good 413 breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, Conclude all in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After Complete Session Dr. Ubaid said to all participants that now the session is open for questions and answers. Mr. Niaz Hussain Kalhoro has asked that I have a progeny of last year the cow that were inseminate by Dr Aijaz Ali Junejo for the demonstration to all participants, and the cow was repeatedly in heat few months ago but I do not know what the reason behind this is? Dr. Ubaid Qureshi has replied that you must observe your cow thoroughly, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Dr. Ubaid inform that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and will make a list of farmers which are facing reproductive disorders in there animals to make a list. He respond that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr Ubaid also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. 414 MPG: Buthi Aheer (Village: Buthi Aheer) ILRI conduct a training workshop for capacity building of MPG Members on Animal Reproduction, breeding & Genetic Improvement at MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated 17th December 2019. Total participants at the training program were 23(21 Members & 02 Non-members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Dr Aijaz Ali Junejo – Veterinary Officer & Mr Shams Ali (LSI) Animal Breeding Department Shahdadkot attended the workshop. Inaugural Session: MPG Member – Zameer Hussain has started the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Roshan Ali President of the MPG has warmly welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for arrange such a nice workshop. He shared that we are rearing our livestock not properly and not follow the modern techniques such as Artificial Insemination. Dr. Aijaz Ali Junejo- Veterinary officer – Qamber Shahdadkot has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Training Associate ILRI-Dr Ubaid Qureshi Start Session with the technical part of training content. During session, he asked many related questions regarding important factors affecting the production in dairy business with references to training flex No.2. Participants replied well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not good aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. He explained in detail how all these factors affect the inclusive profitability of your dairy business. Ubaid Qureshi explained the training content to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity precautions for the animals. Especially Role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. With recognition of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about others diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops 415 in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that infected animals should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 04 is connect with dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they replied well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are contribution feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. In addition, about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. After Enjoyed tea Dr Ubaid, again take start with technical session shared the information about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get 416 more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, with reference to the previous flexes, flexi No. 13 and No. 14 explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing workshop, session was open for questions and answers. Mr. Gulzar Ali has asked that I have a Kundi Buffalo, She is coming again and again in heat and we decided to do something better & Inseminate this cow after training, Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and will make a list for Reproductive disorders animals. Dr Aijaz Ali Junejo – Veterinary Officer inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also replied to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After Complete training workshop, Lunch offered to all Participants. A Selected group of farmers visited farm of Mr. Gulzar Ali. Dr Aijaz Ali Junejo checked the Different animals, which are not coming heat / ready to check pregnancy level and after doing pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpitation. Abbas Ali – LSI shared his basic knowledge about Female Reproductive System , heat detection, Breed Improvement, also shared his experience about successful A.i cases in District Qamber Shahdadkot and how the farmers are now happy with this technique and getting more and much benefit. After complete field visit of a breeding camp activity Mr. Shams Ali - LSI Shortlisted, under supervision of Dr Aijaz Ali Junejo the names of farmers those are complain regarding the repetition of Oestrus Cycle, delay in Oestrus cycle, Early Embryonic Death & different reproductive disorders. 417 Animal Reproduction Cases / Training Day S. No : Farmer Name Members / Non Breed Reproductive Disorders/ Suggestions/ Member Artificial Insemination Treatment 1 Ameer Jaan Member Kundhi Delay in oestrus Avoid misuses of Buffalo oxytocin during milking 2 Rajab Ali Member K undhi Waiting for breeding / Adopt Natural Buffalo Artificial Insemination Breeding Method by Farmer 3 Ghulam Akber Member Friesen Not conceive after Early embryonic Cross breed insemination death / use Progesterone after service 418 MPG: Mehboob Jo Banglow (Village: Mehboob Jo Banglow) Training of MPG Members of Mehboob Jo Banglow on Animal Reproduction, Breeding & Genetic Improvement were conduct at the MPG Milk Collection point on dated 18th December 2019. Total participants at the training Workshop were 22 (16 Members & 06 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants only. Training of MPG Members was conduct at Residence area of Dost Muhammad Saangi. Inaugural Session: Anwer Ali, MT –Chiller , Inaugurate the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Muhammad Bux President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for organizing this workshop. He added that we are dealing with different challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has shared to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Muhammad Bux – President – has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He explained that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals and this is the aim of SAGP-L project. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi inaugurate the technical part of training workshop. He asked many exploratory questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants replied well about animal health, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. Dr. Ubaid explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall productivity of your dairy business. With reference to Flex # 03 is related animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When He asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like 419 mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases. Flex No. 4 related to importance of feeds and feeding for dairy animals, MPG Members has good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitation. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the requirement and production of the animals. They replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. After tea break, Dr. Ubaid started training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination. Briefly discuss about responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, share the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard. Finally, summarized all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, 420 explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your logical efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After completing the workshop, session was open for questions and answers. Mr. Muhammad Ali has asked that I have a Red Sindhi cow she is coming again & again in heat kindly do something better. Dr. Ubaid Qureshi informed that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and will make a list for Reproductive disorders animals. Dr Ubaid Qureshi- Training Associate ILRI inform that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned A.i Technician Will join you soon . He also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. Field Visit: After complete training workshop, we make a visit to know the basic reproductive disorders of animals at village level. 421 MPG: Mehna (Village: Mehna) Inaugural Session: Training workshop at Mehna – Qamber Shahdadkot was conduct at the MPG Milk Chilling Centre on dated: 19th December 2019. Total participants at the training program were 21 (16 Members & 05 Non Members). Dr. Ubaid Qureshi (Training Associate/ILRI) has made all logistic arrangements and conducted the training for male participants, Training of MPG Members were conduct at Syed Arbab Ali Shah Residence area (Autaaq). Inaugural Session: MPG Member- Arbab Ali has stared the workshop by the recitation of Holy Quran, Mr. Gulab Shah President of the MPG has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for bring together this workshop. He added that we have different challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). President has stressed to participants for taking full interest and whatever you have questions/reservations, you may ask from the trainers so that these issues could be solved and we can get more and more production from our animals. Mr Gulab Ali Shah – President has welcomed all the participants and thanked ILRI for continuous efforts in connection of capacity building of the MPG members. He added that it is nice opportunity to our farmers to share their issues in respect of reproduction and breeding, so that you can overcome on these issues and get utmost benefits from your animals. Technical Session: Dr. Ubaid Qureshi take start from technical session of the workshop. During the session, He asked many relevant questions regarding important aspects affecting the productivity in dairy farming business as per training flex No.2. Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds. Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals. He explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall Profitability of your dairy business. Flex No. 3 Connected to animal health management, participants were aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of not mixing their animals in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing. On identification of contagious diseases, farmers were aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk 422 production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and share that with FMD generally milk production drops in their animals. When asked about zoo- sanitary measures, farmers were aware that sick animal should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after of sick animals, and of the DOLF Staff. Dr.Ubaid Qureshi discussed in detail all aspects of Animals care. With reference to flex, # 04 connected with the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about kind of feeds, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Wanda. However, most farmers are offering feeds according to its availabilities but not according to the need and production of the animals. In addition, about offering water to the animals, they replied that now they have better knowledge after participating in a recent awareness workshop conducted by ILRI on the feeding trial conducted in their MPG. When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr. Ubaid explained all the key messages to the participants. Finally, all Participants enjoyed tea & Dr. Ubaid started again training Session and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions by pictorial view as per flexi No.5. In addition, different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection for successful breeding results. In flex No. 7 and No. 8, shared the types of breeding and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail, role, and responsibilities of farmer in this regard. Moreover, in flexi No. 9 and No. 10, briefed about choice and rejecting procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder. In flexi no. 11 and no.12, shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term profits of genetic improvement in their animals, strained the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in 423 this regard. Finally, brief all contents in flexi No. 13 and No. 14, explained the use of cow calendar in detail and asked to the farmer to practice using it. By using the cow calendar, you can get your desirable results (to get one calf in a year) with your reasonable efforts and better use of resources. Discussion: After Complete Session Dr. Ubaid said to all participants that now the session is open for questions and answers. Mr. Niaz Hussain Kalhoro has asked that I have a progeny of last year the cow that were inseminate by Dr Aijaz Ali Junejo for the demonstration to all participants, and the cow was repeatedly in heat few months ago but I do not know what the reason behind this is? Dr. Ubaid Qureshi has replied that you must observe your cow thoroughly, so that you are aware of the reproduction status of the cow. Luckily, we have with us today, Dr. Ubaid inform that after lunch we will visit to check your animals and will make a list of farmers which are facing reproductive disorders in there animals to make a list. He responded that from now onward if you have any cow in heat, please contact me but cow should be in proper heat as you have learned today. Dr Ubaid also responded to some questions related to repeat heat issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and Service Provider will treat your cow/buffalo according. 424 MPG: Hyder Chandio (Village: Hyder Chandio) Training workshop at MPG-Hyder Chandio was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 1st Jan 2020. Total participants in training were 30 (17-Male & 13-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Mr.Muhammad Abrar (LSI) Animal Breeding Qambar Shahdad Kot also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Farman Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Ghullam Yaseen welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Ahmed Ali (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG-Hyder Chandio. Mr.Ahmed Ali has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 425  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for 426 use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Ahmed Ali appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Ghullam Hyder, Siraj and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Aijaz Ali Juneejo (VO) along with Mr.Muhammad Abrar (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr. Aijaz Ali Juneejo also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Aijaz Ali Juneejo & Mr.Muhammad Abrar did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 427 MPG: Sultan Banghar (Village: Sultan Banghar) Training workshop at MPG-Sultan Banghar was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 02nd Jan- 2020. Total participants in training were 29 (20-Male & 9-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Aijaz Ali Juneejo & Mr.Muhammad Abrar (LSI) Animal Breeding Qambar Shahdad Kot also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Nisar, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.M.Yaseen) welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Noorullah (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Sultan Banghar. Mr.Noorullah has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 428  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having full knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding 429 management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Noorullah appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.M.Yaseen, Atta Muhammad Shahmir and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Aijaz Ali Junejo (VO) along with Mr.Muhammad Abrar (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr.Aijaz Ali Junejo also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Aijaz Ali Juneejo & Mr.Muhammad Abrar did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 430 MPG: Allah Yar Mastoi (Village: Allah Yar Mastoi) Training workshop at MPG-Allah Yar Mastoi was conducted at the MPG “Ootaq” on dated 06th January 2020. Total participants in training were 35 (20-Male & 15-females). Dr.Barkat Ali (Training Associate /ILRI) conducted training in male session at MPG “Ootaq” and Dr.Badrun Nisa (Training Associate/ILRI) conducted female training session at female representative Home. Whereas from DoLF/Service provider Team Dr.Aijaz Ali Junejo (VO) & Mr.Muhammad Abrar (LSI) Animal Breeding Qambar Shahdad Kot also arrange Breeding Camp at the same day in MPG and also attended the workshop and provide the awareness about the latest breeding techniques and also share information about the provision of breeding Services at door step. Inaugural Session: Training started with the recitation of Holy Quran by Mr.Sardar Ali, After recitation of Holy Quran Mr.Faiz Mehmood welcome to the participants and after that Mr.Abdul Jabbar (President) on behalf of MPG welcomed to all Guests (ILRI/DoLF), MPG Members and Farmers participated in “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement Training at MPG- Allah Yar Mastoi. Mr.Abdul Jabbar has thanked the SAGP-L/ILRI for providing their continuous assistance through the project and given nice facilities of trainings conducted by ILRI. He added that we are facing lot of challenges in getting productivity of the animals and adaptation of Artificial Insemination (AI). addressing on the occasion MPG President has highly appreciated ILRI’s efforts for organizing one day Training on “Animal Reproduction, Breeding and genetic Improvement, He says that by these trainings we can enhance our capacities and these trainings will support in adaptation of latest techniques and he also appreciated for arranging Breeding Camp at the same event. Furthermore he also motivate the present participants for showing their keen interest in participating training and as well as for getting benefit from breeding camp to get free suggestion and treatment facilities regarding the different reproductive disorders of animals from DoLF service providers. Technical Session: Dr.Barkat Ali started technical session of training workshop in male group, whereas Dr.Badrun Nisa conducted training session separately in female group with the same methodology.  In this session, Dr.Barkat Ali asked many probing questions regarding important factors affecting the profitability in dairy farming business as per training flex (2), whereas Participants responded well about health care, housing of animals and about availabilities of fodders and feeds.  Farmers were not fully aware about the importance of selection of good dairy animals, in response to this Dr.Barkat Ali explained in detail how all these factors affect the overall profitability of your dairy business.  Whereas in flex (3) related to “Animal health management, participants were less aware about the overall biosecurity measures for the animals. Especially the role of farmers in vaccination, deworming and the importance of (not mixing their animals) in common grazing areas where already the disease is prevailing.  Whereas on identification of contagious diseases, farmers were well aware about FMD and HS disease and they shared the signs and symptoms but have less knowledge about Black Quarter and Brucellosis diseases. 431  When asked about diseases, which directly affects the milk production, farmers responded about diseases like mastitis, worm and fluke’s infestation and shared that with FMD generally affect milk production and drops milk production in their animals.  When asked about zoo-sanitary measures, farmers responded that sick animal(s) should kept separately and their water and feed utensils should also be separated, whereas they were not much clear about precautions for labourer who is looking after for sick animals, and of the veterinarians/para-vets.  Dr.Barkat Ali and Dr.Badrun Nisa discussed in detail all aspects of animal health management and how farmers can minimize the disease load and how they can handle whenever they face the disease especially contagious diseases.  In Flex (4) asked about the importance of feeds and feeding for their dairy animals, farmers had good knowledge about the ruminants and process of regurgitations. Moreover, when asked about what kinds of feeds offered to animals, they responded well by giving examples like grasses, wheat straw, concentrates and Vanda.  However, most farmers are offering water/feeds according to its availabilities as per tradition but not according to the need and production of the animals.  And about offering water to the animals, they replied that water should be offered 2 times per day, they are not well aware about the proper requirement of water per day by animal, in this response Dr.Barkat Ali give awareness to the present participants that above 60-70 litters should be offered in a day, and When asked about minerals, they fed only rock salt but did not know about the importance of other minerals. Dr.Barkat Ali explained all the key messages to the participants.  After tea break, Dr.Barkat Ali & Dr.Badrun Nisa started training in separately in Male & Female groups and shared the knowledge about parts of female reproductive organ, location and overall functions, normal physiology of reproductive Organs and give a detail briefing with field related sign and symptoms related to normal & abnormal functioning of reproductive organs by pictorial view as per flex (5).  In flex (6), a detail briefing given to the present participants about the different signs of heat and importance of proper timing in heat detection results for a successful breeding, in this topic Master trainer asked different probing question from the present participants in response to the proper sign of heat, Most of the participants replied the normal sign and symptoms but they are less aware about the proper sign of heat detection, furthermore master trainer explained and give briefing about the heat detection by pictorial view.  Whereas in flex (7 & 8), discussed in detail and shared the types of breeding (NI & AI) and their merits and demerits and factors affecting Artificial Insemination in detail and role and responsibilities of farmer in this regard to get better services from the AI program.  Moreover, in flex (9-10), briefed about selection and culling procedure in animals with having fully knowledge and skills (discussed and explained parameters related to selection and culling of animals). Finally given message that selection of good animals and culling of low productive animals are the keys for the profitable dairy business and this process makes the farmer as a good breeder.  In flexi (11-12), shared in detail about genetic improvement of the animals (better future generations) and which can only be achieved by doing right decisions of present breeding practices for your animals. Also, explained long-term benefits of genetic improvement in their animals, and stressed the importance of better reproductive system management, and thereby get more productivity as well as better financial income. Shared all steps of keeping better reproductive system management of the cow with their importance in this regard.  Finally, summarized all contents in flexi (13-14), by detail briefing on use of “Cow calendar” and give a detail demonstration on each steps of care and management of animals throughout year for better breeding management, Furthermore after detail demonstration master trainer make different groups of trainees for use of Hands on practice on using of Cow Calendar, after detail demonstration participants shows keen interest in use of cow calendar. 432 Discussion: After completing the training workshop, session was opened for the whole participants for questions and answers, Mr.Abdul Jabbar appreciated the fruitful Training workshop arranged by ILRI under SAGPL and also appreciated the DoLF/Breeding Services Team for arranging Breeding Camp. Mr.Zulfiqar, Abdul Qayoom, M.Urf and other participant diccussed the anestrus problems with the service provider team, In this regard Dr.Aijaz Ali (VO) along with Mr.Muhammad Abrar (LSI) breeding replied that after this session we will check the animals and give services accordingly. Dr.Aijaz Ali Juneejo also responded to some questions related to repeat breeding issues in the cows and other reproductive disorders, he said that these are diseases and service provider team will treat your cow/buffalo according. During Training Many Participants appreciated the Cow Calendar and Females asked so many questions to understand and Hands on practice on Cow Calendar during group work. Field Visit: On Same day a field visit arranged for the Breeding Services & Sample Collection (Mr.Muhammad Pannah) for diagnosis of different diseases were done with the collaborated activity of CVDL–Larkana during ILRI ABGI-Training whereas as for the check-up of animals Dr.Aijaz Ali Juneejo & Mr.Muhammad Abrar did different cases related to the reproductive disorder and provide services according. 433 INDEX for MPGs DPIU: Thatta MPG: Surhan Rahmoon (Village: Trooh Rahmoon) 94 District: Thatta MPG: Rathore Kheer Sujagh (Village: Bharu-jo-Tarr) 97 MPG: Muhammad Siddique Baloch 6 MPG: Kheer Thar (Village: Baku Juneejo) 100 MPG: Muhammad Raheem Dharoo 9 MPG: Bhagiya Ithad (Village: Harpar) 103 MPG: Rehmatullah Kaatiyaar 12 MPG: Sukhiya Sangherra (Village: Liyari Juneeja) 107 MPG: Ali Ahmed Kahyoo (Village: Ali Ahmed Kahyoo) 15 MPG: Khushal Marooara (Village: Chachi Moora) 110 MPG: Adam Jakhro (Village: Adam Jakhro) 18 MPG: Sujag Hala (Village: Kumaloo Hala) 113 MPG: Habib Somroo (Village: Habib Somroo) 21 MPG: Sada Bahar (Village: Malwand Khawriya) 116 MPG: Raju Nizamani (Village: Raju Nizamani) 24 MPG: Chahu Deep (Village: Chahu Soothar) 119 MPG: Khameso Khan Sammo 27 MPG: Khushhal Maroarra (Village: Pabuhar) 122 MPG: Haji Ilyas babro (Village: Haji Ilyas babro) 30 MPG: Thar Maleer (Village: Neetaveri) 125 District: Sujjawal 34 MPG: Moorano (Village: Mithi Gheecho) 128 MPG: Peer Muhammad bhambhro 34 DPIU: Mirpurkhas MPG: Rohel Khan Lashari (Village: Rohel Khan Lashari) 37 District: Mirpurkhas MPG: Almadad (Village: Muhammad Khan Sammo) 40 MPG: Bhalu bhati (Village Bhaloo Bhatti) 131 MPG: Haji SIkno Sodo (Village: Haji Sikno Sodo) 43 MPG: Islamdin Rangar (Village Islamdin Rangar) 135 MPG: Mahi Dal (Village: Mahi Dal) 46 MPG: Deh 160 (Village Deh 160) 139 MPG: Haji Peerano Lund (Village: Haji Peerano Lund) 49 MPG: Mandhrawala (Village Deh 155) 142 MPG: Nooh Walero (Village: Nooh Walero) 52 MPG: Wad E Mehran (Allah Wasayo Khaskeli) 145 MPG: Abdul Hakim Jat (Village: Abdul Hakim Jat) 55 MPG: Mehran (Village: Mal Fakeer Dal) 148 MPG: Athriya Farm (Village: Athriya Farm) 58 MPG: Jeelani (Village: Ismail Kunbhar) 151 MPG: Chach Jahan Khan (Village: Chach Jahan Khan) 61 MPG: Zahidabad (Village Zahidabad) 155 MPG: Haji Shafi Muhammad Jat 64 MPG: Fakeer Muhammad Halepoto 158 District: Hyderabad MPG: Al Hussaini (Village Muhammad Khan Lashari) 161 MPG: Gul Lashari (Village Gul Lashari) 67 District: Umerkot MPG: Ghazi Khan Alamani (Village: Ahmed Khan Alamani) 70 MPG: Jago Fakeer (Village: Missri Bhand) 165 MPG: Wanki Wasi (Village Wanki Wasi) 73 MPG: Habib Halepoto (Village:Habib Halepoto) 168 DPIU: Tharparkar MPG: Girhori (Village Panho Khan Rajar) 171 District: Tharparkar MPG: Bhattai (Village: Attal Rajar) 174 MPG: Roshan Rahoo (Village: Mithrio Soomra) 76 MPG: Sarwar Cooperative (Village Makhdom Talib Mola) 177 MPG: Karoonjhar (Village Dhonjh) 79 MPG: Khushhal (Village: Haji Muhammadin) 180 MPG: Sujhagh Mahrura (Village: Manjhti) 82 MPG: Cheema Farm (Village: Cheema Farm) 183 MPG: Sindh Amar (Village: Monghat) 85 MPG: Sindh Dhatti (Village: Allah Dad Chandio) 186 MPG: Vee Maraora (Village: Vee Hingoraja) 88 DPIU: Shaheed Benzirabad MPG: Mehran (Village: Chahu Rahmoon) 91 District: Shaheed Benzirabad 434 MPG: Hot Jo Wahan (Village: Hot Jo Wahan) 189 MPG: Muhammad Mosa Noreeja 293 MPG: Maro Mehar (Village: Mitho Khan Jokio) 192 MPG: Chacker Variaso (Village: Chacker Variaso) 297 MPG: Muqeem Dahari (Village: Muqeem Dahari) 196 MPG: Qadir Bux Maitlo (Village: Qadan Faqeer Maitlo) 300 MPG: Jamal Shah (Village: Jamal Shah) 200 MPG: Saeed Khan Matilo (Village: Saeed Khan Matilo) 303 MPG: Pirbhat (Village: Sahib Khan Jalalani) 203 MPG: Muhammad Khan Siyal 305 MPG: Mall Raho (Village: Mall Raho) 206 MPG: Mor Jhabhar Sheikh (Village: Mor Jhabhar Sheikh) 308 MPG: Haji Baqir Magsi Cooperative 209 MPG: HRDO (Village: Abdul Rehman Unar) 310 MPG: Ismail Keerio (Village: Mullan Sand) 212 MPG: Hussain Pato (Village: Hussain Pato 314 MPG: Satpuri (Village: Satpuri) 215 MPG: Mitho Mino (Village: Mitho Mino) 317 MPG: Al-Hussaini (Village: Abbas Keerio) 218 MPG: Haji Mehmood Shar (Village: Haji Mehmood Shar) 320 MPG: Sarwari (Village: Murad Ali Unar) 221 MPG: Gul Muhammad Jamro 324 MPG: Chack No.3 (Village: Chack No 3) 224 MPG: KT Mir Muhammad (Village: KT Mir Muhammad) 327 District: Naushahro Feroze MPG: Sabhago Samopoto (Village: Sabhago Samopoto) 330 MPG: Abra Cooperatives (Village: Goto Poto) 227 MPG: Baledino Matilo (Village: Baledino Matilo) 333 MPG: Qamarding Chandio (Village: Qamardin Chandio) 230 District: Sukkur MPG: Meer Muhammad Korejo 233 MPG: Hoth Khan Napper (Village: Hoth Khan Napper) 335 MPG: Mangho Khan Dahar (Village: Mangho Khan Dhar) 236 MPG: Sawand (Village: Dr Ali Nawaz Sawand) 338 MPG: Al Jahania Mast Qalendar (Village: Muqrari Zardari) 239 MPG: Umer Farooq (Village: Nawaz Mangrio) 342 MPG: Khoro Sharif (Village: Khoro Shareef 241 MPG: Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (Village: Daffer Jatoi) 345 MPG: Nagar Khan Solangi (Village: Nangar Khan Solangi) 243 MPG: Tarai (Village: Rato Bhambhro) 348 MPG: Sher Muhammad Mammar 245 District: Larkana 352 MPG: Peer Ilyas Kalahoro (Village Peer Ilyas Kalhoro 247 MPG: Sajjan Hakro (Village: Sajjan Hakro) 352 MPG: Allah Bux Tanwari (Village: Allah Bux Tanwai) 250 MPG: Gokalpur (Village: Gokalpur) 355 MPG: Bhago Daro (Village: Bhago Daro) 253 MPG: Koreija (Village: Koreija) 358 MPG: Mehmood Panhwar (Village: Mehmood Panhwar) 256 MPG: Kot Bhutto (Village: Kot Bhutto) 361 MPG: Bheek Dastgeer (Village: Ganwar Siyal) 259 MPG: Mehar Buriro/Kodrani Abra 364 MPG: Khair Muhammad Kalhoro 262 Name of MPG: Phulpoto (Village: Phulpoto) 367 MPG: Zubair Panhwar (Village: Zubair Panhwar) 264 MPG: Bhoot Kharoos (Village: Bhoot Kharoos) 370 DPIU: Khairpur Mirs MPG: Izat Ji Wandh (Village: Izat Ji Wandh) 373 District: Khairpur Mirs MPG: Jhan Khan Khakhrani (Village: Jhan Khan Khakrani) 376 MPG: Sukh Wahan (Village: Sukh Wahan) 267 MPG: Bhalreiji (Village: Bhalreiji) 379 MPG: Bharpur Markhand (Village: Bharpur Markhand) 270 MPG: Mehran Cooperative (Village: Butra) 382 MPG: Mehar Ali Khaskeli (Village: Mehar Ali Khaskeli) 274 MPG: Mitho Khuhroo (Village: Mitho Khuhroo) 385 MPG: Sachal (Village: Ali Bux Jamro) 277 MPG: Ghaji Dero (Village: Ghaji Dero) 388 MPG: Golo Wahan (Village: Golo Wahan) 280 MPG: Hatri Ghullam Shah (Village: Hatri Ghullam Shah) 391 MPG: Koral Memon (Village: Koral Memon) 283 MPG: Kot Qaboloo (Village: Kot Qaboloo) 394 MPG: Wada Lakha (Village: Wada Lakkha) 286 MPG: Usman Kalhoro (Village: Usman Kalhoroo) 397 MPG: Abdul Kareem Kalhoro 290 MPG: Rawat Kheehro (Village: Rawat Kheehro) 400 435 MPG: Khuhra (Village: Khuhra) 403 MPG: Mehboob Jo Banglow 423 District: Qamber Shahdadkot MPG: Mehna (Village: Mehna) 426 MPG: Saadique Maachi (Village: Saadique Machi) 409 MPG: Hyder Chandio (Village: Hyder Chandio) 429 MPG: Bisharat Kalhoro (Village: Bisharat Kalhoro) 413 MPG: Sultan Banghar (Village: Sultan Banghar) 432 MPG: Shareefani (Village: Shareefani) 416 MPG: Allah Yar Mastoi (Village: Allah Yar Mastoi) 435 MPG: Buthi Aheer (Village: Buthi Aheer 419 436 Annex 1: Training Materials 437 Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement Session-1: Animal Reproduction Session-2: Animal Breeding Session-3: Animal Genetics better lives through livestock 4 REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF ANIMAL The reproductive tract of a cow is composed of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries.                    5 HEAT DETECTION IN CATTLE/BUFFALO Estrus (Heat): Period of time when the female is receptive to mounting and will stand to be mounted by another animal (standing heat). *With Buffaloes: Signs are mounting, frequent urination and silent heat.  You can make defined “Calving interval” by timely heat detection and appropriate time of insemination in the cow/buffalo. 6 INSEMINATION METHODS Natural Mating: This is where the animal is taken to a bull and left for some time for bull to serve. The chances of conception through natural mating can be increased by:  Taking the cow to the bull as soon as it is detected to be in heat.  Mating young inexperienced heifers with old experienced bulls.  Mating young inexperienced bulls with old experienced cows.  Keeping the bull fit and in good health. Artificial insemination (A.I)- This is the process of putting semen into a cow’s uterus or cervix using an insemination gun to make it conceive instead of using a bull. Advantages of Artificial insemination (A.I): 1. A healthy bull, that is disease free 2. Produce high quality semen. Uses of Artificial insemination (A.I): 1. Effective semen handling facilities 2. A fertile animal. 3. A competent inseminator 4. A clean environment. 7 IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMME Farmers are encouraged to use semen from proven bulls which is obtained from AI centers and registered service providers.  For controlling the vulnerable diseases and improved genetic makeup is more promising through AI than natural breeding of the animal. 8 CULLING AND SELECTION Culling and selection is what makes a small scale farmer into a good animal breeder. Selection: Selection is the process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others. Selection is used as a tool for livestock improvement. It helps improve characteristics which are highly heritable. Selection in Animals: Consider the following level of performance which include; 1. Milk yield 2. Fat content (Breed Character) 3. Length of lactation period. 4. Age of the animal 5. Fertility (Repeat Breeders) 6. Health of the animal 9 Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive animals which do not perform to the desired level, from the herd. Culling in Animals: Consider the following level which include: 1. Low Milk yield 2. Decrease in lactation period. 3. Reproductive Disease (Brucellosis Metritis, Endometritis, Pyometra) etc 4. Increased age of animal 5. Body conformation 6. Physical Fitness  Selection and culling is the key for profitability in the dairy business. 10 8 BREEDING MANAGEMENT Good breeding management ensures:  Higher average daily milk yields are attained  Higher persistency  Length of lactation/Lactation period  High fertility (fewer inseminations/pregnancy or conception).  Low disease incidence in animals (Brucellosis, Trichomoniasis and Vibrosis (  The success of a breeding program is highly dependent on adequate nutrition for the cows/heifers, good heat detection, informed choice of bulls and timely insemination. 11 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY ANIMAL Key reproductive management practices that the farmers needs to focus on in order to achieve high productivity of their dairy animal and profitability of the dairy farming. Maintaining high reproductive performance is beneficial in many ways:  Timely breeding of the Heifer / Cows will results in more calvings and more milk production.  Heifers calve down at a younger age, mature weight, hence they have a longer productive life.  Good reproduction under well nutrition will result in regular calving (One calf in a year).  It results in reduced insemination and semen costs.  It results in increased number of calves produced each year, thus providing more animals for sale or as replacements for the milking herd.  Good reproductive management practices are the key to lead to more profits and less worry. 12 THE REPRODUCTION CYCLE OF A DAIRY COW  You can get one calf in a year by efficient heat detection and timely service. 13 GUIDE TO USE “COW CALENDAR” FOR MILKING ANIMAL Introduction Sindh Agricultural Growth Project-Livestock Componenet/International Livestock Research Institute (SAGP- L/ILRI) is happy to introduce the “Cow Calendar” for use by small scale dairy farmers. Reproduction cycle of a dairy cow is calculated based on the service date, heat check, pregnancy diagnosis, dry period and calving date. Guide for the buffalo can also be calculated accordingly with keeping in mind the gestation period. Step-1: Hold outer round with your left hand. Rotate to the date and month of for service date which appers in the red arrow. Step-2: Check the heat for 2 time s after service date in order to confirm that pregnancy of the animal. Step-3: After selecting the service date, calendar gives you the option of check heat, confirm pregnancy, stop milking, streaming up and the calving date with green arrow on which you can manage the reproductive cycle of a dairy cow with one calve in one year. Example: For a milking cow service date is 01st January and calving date is 11 October. Service Date C heck heat on Confirm Stop Milking S t e aming Up Calving Date End of rest (Red arrow) every 21 days for Pregnancy (For last 2 (Last 1 month (Green Arrow) period (Ready 2 months after 3 Months months before before for next service calving) calving) after 2 months) 01st 22-24 January & 2-6 March 30 July up till 13 September 11 Oct (± 5 to 11 December January 14-16 February calving up till calving 10 days)