Fund Council 5th Meeting (FC5)—Washington, DC July 6-8, 2011 Annex 2.3 - Managing priority pests and diseases (Approved with conditions, See FC5 Summary, Annex 5) Document presented for Agenda Item 11: CRP 3.4 - Roots, Tubers and Bananas Submitted by: CIP THEME 3: Managing priority pests and diseases PRODUCT LINE 3.1.1: Detection, surveillance, mapping: cross-cutting Next users: RTB breeding programs and seed programs, policy makers at all levels, particularly quarantine related, collaborating NARES programs and End users: In this case next users are virtually end users as these technologies will be used for decision making, ex ante impact assessment, resource allocation, Expected impact: Better targeting of resources for R&D; better detection tools and pest and disease distribution maps will eventually lead to more effective pest and Products Milestones Outcomes Target region & key Key partners countries 3.1.1.1 Development of "centers 2011: At least one location each for Africa, LAC and Research: Standardized pest/pathogen collections Global CIP (lead), CIAT, of excellence" for diagnosis and Asia identified ; NARES and other partners form RTB and data in common data bases; Bioversity IITA, Arrhus monitoring (surveillance) of pathogen/pest form surveillance network(s) with More fluid exchange of breeding material across Uni., SCRI primary pathogens and pests key local partners borders; More efficient selection of breeding 2012: Centralized laboratories (one per location) materials to fit disease pressure where it will be equipped with HR and equipment including cost- deployed. effective platforms for detecting multiple Development: Better deployment of resistant pathogens (micro array type technologies) germplasm; better prediction of change due to 2012: State of-the art diagnostic facility established climate and pest/pathogen population dynamics; for high throughput diagnosis for pest and accurate diagonosis of pests and diseases leads to pathogens of RTB crops established within each greater efficiency in targeting and use of centralized laboratory pest/disease management strategies by extension 2013: Common pest and pathogen database with services and producers. at least one primary pest and pathogen/ crop established 2011: Core collection for each primary pest and Research: SMS disease surveillance networks Global FAO, Garmeen,Source pathogen (from 3.1.1.1) consolidated; Collection established, platform for rapid diagnosis of pests Traee, IITA, IAPSC, plan for at least 3 countries per region developed; and pathogens available to ARI and NARS partners. CIP, FAO, Aarhus Uni, for nematodes at least one country in Eastern, National and regional linkages and databases SCRI, Bioversity Southern, and Western Africa established by NARS and Ministries of Agriculture. 2012: At least 50 samples collected per core Targeted spatial disease surveillance performed. collection in each collection location; data entered Distribution and spread of key diseases and pests in databases recorded using data from routine spatial disease 2012: Strategy developed for cross center mapping surveillance. with GIS (HR and physical resources identified) Approaches to harmonize legislation on detection 2013: Capacity to develop local, regional and global methods for safe, legal GR movement implemented maps of pest occurrence using GIS developed by NARS 2014: Maps of pest/pathogen distribution using GIS; all core collections mapped on local regional global scales. 3.1.1.3 Risk of crop loss due to 2012: Models for risk of effect of CC on at least one Research: GIS data for disease and pest spread Global FAO, Garmeen,Source pathogen/pest assessed in pest or pathogen per crop developed interpolated with other GPS linked data sets to Traee, IITA, IAPSC, context of global change 2013: Maps at local, regional and global scale of identify contributing factors. Risk of disease spread CIP, CIAT, Bioversity risk produced for major pests/pathogens of RTB determined leading to targeted interventions to 2013: A common GIS-based platform (interface) for prevent introductions, establishment and spread. mapping risk allowing access to non GIS experts Confirm factors responsible for pest and disease spread and efficacy for control interventions through routin spatial surveys. Development: Policy makers and researchers access web based services to explore risks and changes in pathogen/pest patterns under CC scenarios. 3.1.1.4 Web-enabeld pest and 2011: On-line pest and pathogen repository Research: Increased awareness and capability to Global IITA, Bioversity, FAO, pathogen diagnostic platform for established. diagonse RTB pests and pathogens. Development CIP RTB crops 2013: Digital diagnostics platform established and outcome: accurate diagonosis of pests and diseases operationalized. leads to greater efficiency in targeting and use of pest/disease management strategies by extension services and producers. 3.1.1.? Appropriate materials 2011: Key capacities for management of key RTB Research: More standardized and improved Global CIP, CIAT, Bioversity developed for training of NARES diseases and pests and improved research capacity research done by NARES partners ; more IITA, Arrhus Uni. researchers in pathogen, for NARS researchers in at least 3 countries per collaboration among NARS working on RTB collection, maintenance and use region identified Development: Improved management of diseases of markers 2012: CS materials developed from identified and pests resulting from better support from capacities that can be used in organized researcher NARES training process 2013: CS materials validated in training sessions - one per region involving NARS of at least 3 countries R&A19D PRODUCT LINE 3.1.2: Ecology, biology, and epidemiology of pests and diseases: cross-cutting Next users: RTB breeding programs and seed programs, collaborating NARES programs and Megaprograms 1,4,5 and 7 End users: RTB dependent populations with low productivity, susceptible to climate change and at risk of disease and pest attack Expected impact: Improved knowledge and tools will lead to better disease management and therefore reduced crop loss, diminished risk of pesticide poisoning, Products Milestones Outcomes Target region & key Key partners countries 3.1.2.1 Enhanced understanding 2011: Plan for cross-crop epidemiological study of Research: Capacity to model degradation of global CIP, CIAT, Bioversity of the ecology and epidemiology major RTB "seed" born pathogens developed planting material in RTB and compare effects of IITA, Arrhus Uni. of common pests/pathogens 2013: Field studies completed for modeling "seed" different interventions (roguing, positive selection, affecting quality of planting quality degradation in RTB flush out). Hypothesis for evaluation in field trials. material 2014: Effect of interventions (eg. roguing) modeled Development: Farmers (on-farm seed) and seed for RTB; predictive model of disease management specialists can use best approaches to maintain or interventions improve quality of planting material. 2015: Field trials implemented to validate tools and identify most effective approaches for managing quality of planting material 3.1.2.2 Epidemiological 2011: Key capacities and needs related to Research: More standardized and improved global CIP, CIAT, Bioversity information used to improve resistance phenotyping identified with at least 3 research done by NARES partners particularly for IITA, standardized procedures NARS per region involved in selection of resistant selection of resistant cultivars; greater efficiency in resistance phenotyping (i.e., varieties selection of resistance methodologies for resistance 2012: tools developed for inputing standardized Development: Improved management of diseases evaluation) data in to common data base structures for better and pests resulting from better support from data quality, standardization and storage in NARES; farmers have greater access to resistant common data bases cultivars due to improved and more efficient 2013: Tools validated in training sessions with selection processes NARS from at least 3 countries per region. 3.1.2.3 Role of plant health in 2011: plant/root health model systems identified Research: Research partners become aware of global Bioversity, CIP, CIAT disease suppression better for at least one case study per RTB importance of holistic approach to solving specific and local NARS understood and utilized 2012: field experiments (one per region) for disease and pest problems quantifying effects of plant/root health on disease Development: Improved management of diseases severity implemented and pests resulting from better general crop 2014: action research with at least 3 farmers per husbandry region to test concept that overall plant health is important for controlling key diseases and pests 3.1.2.4. Knowldege on ecology 2014: Improved information on distribution and Research outcome: CG Centers and NARS breeders Sub-saharan Africa and IITA, CIAT, Bioversity, and biology of pestiferous impact of Pratylenchus spp. available. use knowledge in dveloping nematode other regions where NARS, and nematodes attacking RTB crops. resistant/tolerant RTB crops, and enhanced RTB crops are Universities capacity ability to conduct research on nematodes prominent Develop tool for assisting 2015 Global image bank for Musa pest and disease Research outcome: Researchers use global image Initiated in SSA; later Global Plant Clinic scientists and farmers in the identification through image recognition developed bank for improved pest and disease ID; implemented in LAC (CABI), Bioversity, CIP, identification of major 2016 Cellphone application for Musa pest and communicate results via cell phone and Asia - link to CIAT, IITA pests/diseases disease identification through image recognition Development outcome: Farmers use cell phone global plant clinic tested information to make more informed decisions about pest and disease management R&D PRODUCT LINE 3.1.3: Ecology and management of beneficial organisms: cross-cutting +A29 Next users: Collaborating NARES programs involved in disease and insect management; collaborating IARCs. This product line can also lead to products used by End users: RTB dependent populations with low productivity, with problems of plant nutrient deficiency and/or pests and diseases Expected impact: Use of beneficial organisms can lead to improved productivity and reduced risk of pest and disease losses, and reduced pesticide dependency - thus Products Milestones Outcomes Target region & key Key partners countries 3.1.3.1 Inventory, collection, 2011: compilation of CG RTB collections of Research outcome: scientists have ready access to Global Bioversity (lead), IITA, characterization and beneficial organisms and storage and wider range of microbes with an increasing base of CIP, CIAT, NARS, documentation of beneficial characterization methods; information on characteristics and use; Technical University organisms compilation of methods for detecting, Development outcome: development projects and of Graz, Bonn, characterizing and managing microbial organisms private and public suppliers of planting material use Wageningen, associated with vegetative planting material by CG microbially enhanced planting material and other Mycothek centers and advanced partners; beneficials 2012: Feasiblity of using a Microbial commons approach for soil borne organisms evaluated and alternative approaches developed 2013: RTB common strategy proposed and incorporate into workplans and funding proposals. 3.1.3.2 Knowledge on the 2011: review of advances in study of microbial Research outcome: the role of beneficials in RTB Global Bioversity (lead), IITA, biological dynamics, and related communities (soil, root, stem, leaf) and health and productivity better understood by CIP, CIAT, NARS, factors that affect biological aboveground food webs and agreement on scientists; Development outcome: farmers use Technical University activities of beneficial organisms approaches to cross crop characterization; management practices which take advantage of of Graz, ARIs in the host environment 2012: protocols tested within the framework of beneficials, including microbial communities, for existing grants to look at biological control and improved RTB health and productivity growth stimulation 2013: RTB common strategy proposed and incorporate into workplans and funding proposals. 3.1.3.3 - Evaluation of 2011: compilation of CG RTB experience on the use Research outcome: the role of beneficials in RTB Global CIP (lead), Bioversity , potential for Shared beneficials of beneficials to manage above and below ground health and productivity better understood by IITA, CIAT, NARS, ARIs for common pests/diseases of pathogens and insect pests and identification of scientists; Development outcome: farmers use RTB potential for sharing beneficials; management practices which take advantage of 2012: development of design to test effective use beneficials, including microbial communities, for of proposed shared beneficials for RTB improved RTB health and productivity 2013: RTB common strategy proposed and incorporate into workplans and funding proposals. 3.1.3.4 Formulation methods 2011: compilation of experiences in the production Research outcome: public and private labs produce Global IITA (lead), CIAT, and delivery system for effective of commercial-scale formulation products of microbially enhanced planting material and other Bioversity, CIP, ARIs utilization of beneficial biological control (beneficial organisms) among CG beneficials targeted to pests and diseases of RTB; organisms RTB centers and partners; Development outcome: farmers grow healthier, 2012. identification of countries and partners for more productive RTB application of commercial scale use of biological control products in intensification; 2013: new proposals developed for expanded work on formulation and delivery systems. R&D PRODUCT LINE 3.1.4: Specific management strategies: cross-cutting Next users: RTB breeding programs and seed programs, collaborating NARES programs and Megaprograms 1,4,5 and 7 End users: Most specific management strategies products should have direct application for RTB producers and potentially others in the production chain Expected impact: Use of specific management strategies can lead to improved productivity and reduced risk of pest and disease losses, and reduced pesticide Products Milestones Outcomes Target region & key Key partners countries 3.1.4.1 Appropriate materials 2011: Key capacities for farmers to improve Research: More standardized and improved farmer GLOBAL CIP (lead), FAO, developed for training of management of major RTB diseases and pests CS process developed that could later be scaled up Bioversity, CIAT, IITA farmers in management of identified or used with different crops. important RTB pests and 2012: CS Materials developed from identified Development: Improved management of diseases diseases capacities and pests resulting from farmers with better pest 2013: CS Materials validated in training sessions and disease management capacity involving at least 300 farmers per region 2014: Plan for scaling up of farmer CS developed with local partners to reach at least 1000 farmers per region 2015: At least 1000 farmers per region participate in CS activities 3.1.4.2 Use of cultivar diversity 2011 At least two systems for meta-analysis of role Research: CG and NARS researchers have evidence Global CIP (lead), FAO, to manage pests and diseases of host diversity in plant disease management for control (or lack thereof) of foliar diseases using Bioversity, CIAT, IITA (related strategies of selection, chosen: e.g., potato late blight and black sigatoka host diversity. adoption by farmers, reaching 2012 At least one field trial per system developed Development: Farmers gain access to validated end users..) in key areas where model diseases are severe and strategies of controlling major foliar diseases with interested partners participate host diversity 2013 Models developed to compare role of host diversity in disease suppression compared for commonality of processes across crops. 3.1.4.3. Appropriate methods 2011: Inventory of training and implementation Research: NARS adopt best practices of IPM from Global CIP (lead), FAO, for introducing and scaling up methods used by CG and non-CG centers available. inventory Bioversity, CIAT, IITA integrated pest and disease 2012: Definition of "best-practice" cases related to Development: Farmers implement best practices management programs IPM/IDM implementation for specific monitoring on farm for better pest and disease management generated, adapted or validated and learning. THEME 3: Managing priority pests and diseases PRODUCT LINE 3.2.1: Detection, surveillance, mapping: bananas Next users: Researchers of NARS; policy makers and quarantine officers; IPM programme of NARS; private laboratories and seed companies End users: The next users may also be the end users; but the ultimate end users are farmers and farmer organizations who will use improved products in managing Expected impact: Effective management of important banana diseases in areas where they are now causing epidemics; non-spread to areas where the disease is not yet Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Key partners countries 3.2.1.1. Development of 2011: Rapid diagnostic tool for Foc race Research: Researchers have better tools available Global Bioversity, CIAT, IITA, diagnostic tools for rapid and identification piloted in 2 countries to carry out pathogen identification and mapping; ARS, NARS, Regional accurate detection of major 2012: Rapid diagnostic tool for Foc race Identification of high-risk pathogens streamlined Musa networks, banana pathogens in lab and identification used by quarantine officers in 2 and decentralised, relaxing reliance on hyper- ProMusa, MADR, field, including capacity building countries; PCR, qPCR and NEAR assay to certify seed specialised experts FONTAGRO, IICA for their appropriate use in free from bacterial and other pathogens Development: Improved efficiency of prevention of quarantine and seed systems 2013: BXW rapid detection tool piloted; key factors pathogen spread in use of reliable low-cost BBTV detection tools in local clean seed programs identified Need to insert the molecular tools with target dates for the milestone(s) 3.2.1.2. Development of global 2011: Database for storing banana pathogen Research outcome: CG Centers, NARS, quarantine Global Bioversity, CIAT, banana pathogen distribution distribution data developed, BBTV surveyed in West authorities use information on spread of pathogens IITA,ARS, NARS, database with direct links to and Central Africa for targeting preventive and management Regional Musa appropriate national partners 2012: Data on distribution of Foc races in Asia strategies. Development outcome: Reduced risk for networks, ProMusa, entered into global database; Data on distribution farmers of spread of new diseases. MADR, FONTAGRO, of BXW in East Africa entered into global database; IICA, CARBAP, IAPSC BBTV surveyed in West and Central Africa 2013: Data on distribution of Foc races in LAC and Africa entered into global database; Data on distribution of BBTV in Asia and Africa entered into database 2014: Distribution maps of major banana pathogens developed (including historical data to monitor spread); Distribution and status of invasive banana pathogens in LAC monitored 3.2.1.3. Establishment of Musa- 2011: Establishment of international Musa Foc Research outcome: Scientists use collection of well- Global Bioversity, IITA, CIAT, associated pathogens collection collection at Mycotheque initated with samples characterised reference isolates of major banana Mycotheque, regional based on agreements with from Asia pathogens for more rapid and complete research Musa networks, NARIs 2013: International Foc collection expanded with results; Development outcome: Pest and disease ProMusa samples from Africa and LAC management strategies available with clearly 2015: International collection expanded to include targeting of organism other Musa-associated organisms (following the example of the potato-associated organisms collection hosted at Mycotheque) 3.2.1.4. Ex ante risk assessment 2011: Risk assessment for BXW in key banana- Researh outcome: Research and quarantine Global Bioversity, CIAT, IITA, of major banana diseases in producing areas in Africa where BXW has not yet approaches based on more clear understanding of regional Musa important production areas in been found risk with More efficient targeting of research networks, ProMusa, coordination with national and 2012: Risk assessment for Foc TR4 in key banana- priorities and investments and policy formulation; ARS, NARS regional stakeholders producing areas in Asia where Foc TR4 has not yet Development outcome: Farmers provided with been found most appropriate and efficient public sector action 2013: Risk assessment for BBTV in LAC, in key- on pest and disease management producing areas in Asia and Africa where BBTV has not yet been found; Modelling of effect of climate on spread of major banana pathogens PRODUCT LINE 3.2.2: Ecology, biology, and epidemiology of pests and diseases: bananas +A18 Next users: Researchers of NARS; IPM programme of NARS; IPM professionals and extension workers; End users: The next users may also be the end users; but the ultimate end users are farmers and farmer organizations who will use more effective disease Expected impact: Increased efficiency in developing/ packaging effective pest and disease management tactics/ approaches which will eventually result into reduced Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Key partners countries 3.2.2.1. Enhanced understanding 2013: Increased understanding of the dynamics of Improved disease management strategies, thus Asia, Africa and Latin Bioversity, ACIAR, of the ecology and epidemiology Foc disease development in regards to host- reducing damage and increasing productivity America DEEDI, GMU,GDAAS of Foc with appropriate pathogen-environment-soil organisms interaction; BAPNET documentation and training for Model of epidemic development as aid in disease (MUSALAC,BARNESA) effective employment by NARIs management and risk assessment 2014: Clear knowledge of virulence/pathogenicity of Foc races in relation to banana cultivars; Understanding of mechanism of Foc suppressive/conducive soils; Understanding the co- evolution of banana and Foc races 3.2.2.2. Enhanced understanding 2011: Methods for studying re-infection rates Research outcome: Research use knowledge on Asia, Africa and Latin IITA, Bioversity, of the ecology and epidemiology tested; Diversity host association of Pentalonia aphid identification and dynamics to develop aphid America BARNESA, BAPNET, of BBTD, virus and vector, with nigronervosa and P. caladii determined and BBTD management strategies. Development NARS, Agri-Food appropriate documentation and 2012: Methods for studying minimum area and outcome: banana production enhanced due to Canada, WSU (USA), training for effective duration of eradication prior to clean replanting development of effective options to control BBTD. Queensland employment by NARIs tested Department of 2013: Method for screening of Musa germplasm for Primary Industry host reaction to BBTV developed; Studies to develop model for banana aphid spread and degree of BBTV infection planned and initiated; capacity of P. caladii to transmit BBTV determined; Factors affecting population development and dispersal of banana aphid and spread of local spread of BBTV determined. 2015: Model of epidemic development as aid in disease management and risk assessment 3.2.2.3. Enhanced understanding 2012: Pilot zones established to study ecology of co- Improved disease management strategies, thus Asia, Africa and Latin Bioversity, NARs, ARIs, of the ecology and epidemiology occurrence of bacterial and fungal wilts in Asia, reducing damage and increasing productivity America BAPNET, MUSALAC, of bacterial wilts with Africa and Latin America BARNESA appropriate documentation and 2013: Understanding of disease and management training for effective factors in resurgence of BXW identified in East employment by NARIs Africa; Increased understanding of the dynamics of disease development caused by bacterial wilt pathogens; Model of epidemic development as aid in disease management and risk assessment 2014: Clear knowledge of pathogen-host- interactions in relation to cultivars and agroecosystem variables PRODUCT LINE 3.2.3: Ecology and management of beneficial organisms: bananas Next users: RTB breeding programs and seed programs, collaborating NARES programs and Megaprograms 1 End users: RTB dependent populations with low productivity, with problems of plant nutrient deficiency and/or pests and diseases Expected impact: Use of beneficial organisms improves productivity, reduces risk of pest and disease losses and reduces pesticide dependency - thus leading to more Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Key partners countries 3.2.3.1. Inventory, collection, 2012: Collection of endophytic microorganisms of Research outcome: scientists have ready access to global Bioversity, IITA, CIAT, characterization and banana available in Bioversity LAC as Global Public wider range of microbes with an increasing base of Mycotheque documentation of beneficial Good through procedures which serve as model for information on characteristics and use; organisms in conjunction with other collections; Trichoderma spp, mycorrhizae, Development outcome: development projects and NARIs beneficial antagonistic fungal and bacterial bank private and public suppliers of planting material use mantained and enriched with novel isolates; microbially enhanced planting material 2013: Banana-associated beneficial organisms added to international repository at Mycotheque (see 3.2.1.3) 3.2.3.3. Knowledge on the 2011: Entomopathogenic nematodes attacking soil- Research outcome: the role of microbes in banana Latin America, East Bioversity, IITA, CIAT, biological dynamics and related dwelling RTB pests identified and their health and productivity better understood by Africa Graz University of factors that affect biological pathogenicity tested in screenhouse conditions. scientists; Development outcome: farmers use Technology, activities of beneficial organisms 2012: methods piloted to document microbial management practices which take advantage of DEEDI/Queensland, in the host environment communities of planting material and different microbial communities for improved banana health Australia, University management practices in East African bananas; field and productivity Bonn efficacy of at least one entomopathogenic nematode species determined; 2013 feasibility of use of endophytes for Foc control explored; delivery formulation developed and efficacy in multilocation trials determined. 3.2.3.4. Formulation methods 2011: At least 1 commercial tissue culture producer Research outcome: public and private labs produce Latin America, East Bioversity, IITA, and delivery system for effective has capacity, through training and provision of microbially enhanced planting material; Africa (Burundi, Kenya, Corbana, NARs of utilization of beneficial advice on equipment to produce endophyte- Development outcome: farmers grow healthier, Uganda) Burundi, Kenya, organisms enhanced tissue culture. more productive bananas Uganda 2012: Field trials in Burundi, Kenya and Uganda conducted to establish performance of Fusarium oxysporum-enhanced banana. 2013: Strategies validated for field-scale use of endophytic micro-organisms for nematode management in Musa production in Latin America 3.2.3.4. Natural enemies of 2011: Expoloration for banana aphid natural Research outcome: Researchers, NARS and Cameroon IITA, University of banana aphids identified and enemies in India and other countries completed and extension services have biological tools for Hawaii (USA), NARS in used in aphid control the parasitoid Endaphis fugitiva cultured and tested controlling banana aphid populations as an option Asia, Academy of agains banana aphid populations in Central Africa. in BBTD management. Development outcome: Sciences, Cszek 2012: Identified banana aphid natural enemies from Banana/plantain farmers realize enhanced Republic foreign exploration cultured and their biotic banana/plantain productivity through lower BBTD potential against banana aphid determined. 2013: incidence and severity. Experimental field releases of Endaphis fugitiva in at least one country conducted and efficacy studies on other identified natural enemies completed. PRODUCT LINE 3.2.4: Specific management strategies Next users: Universities, researches, techinician and extension, farmers, End users: farmers, productive sector, banana value chain, programs nationales and internationales Expected impact: economy in production by reducing pesticide use, increase in area planted, environmental pollution reduction, better product quality and increased Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Key partners countries 3.2.4.1. new strategies for soil 2012: study of mechanisms and factors in Research outcome: researchers and extension build Latin America - CIAT, Corpoica, management and nutrition to effectiveness of banana rachis leachate, mycorrhizal on knowledge of alternatives for management of Colombia, Fedeplatano, improve the health and fungi for pest and disease control; 2013: soil quality crop-related biodiversity to improve research and Guadeloupe, French IRD/UNAL, INRA, UR, competitiveness of the banana measurements, relation of pest management and extension programs to reduce crop losses and Guiana APC, URAPC, CIRAD, crop and reduce pesticide use economic and environmental performance of increase productivity; Development outcome: UPR26, UAG, EA, alternative practices developed; Integration of farmers access alternative management techniques DYNECAR, UMR113, nematicidal or nematistatic crops and intercrops for to reduce crop losses and increase productivity RPB, QUALITROP, IITA, plantain systems INERA, Bioversity 3.2.4.4. Management tactics for 2012: On-farm Fusarium wilt management Research outcome: Improved understanding of Global Bioversity CfL-Asia, Foc based on improved strategies for small holders in Asia developed disease provides basis for more effective BAPNET, ACIAR, understanding of epidemiology management research management, thus reducing Lapanday Fruits Co, and ecology damage and increasing productivity BPI, ITFRI, GDAAS 3.2.4.6. Management tactics for 2011: pathogen diversity established; 2012: Research outcome: Improved understanding of East and Central NARO, KARI, ARDI bacterial wilts (BXW, moko) epidemiological model and management strategies disease provides basis for more effective Africa, Amazon, Tanzania, ISAR, INERA, based on improved for moko; 2013: Strategies to limit BXW spread, management research management, thus reducing Colombia MAKERERE understanding of epidemiology resurgence and damage in East and Southern Africa damage and increasing productivity UNIVERSITY, CIAT, and ecology developed and promoted BIOVERSITY, FONTAGRO, MADR, IICA 3.2.4.8 Integrated management 2012: Role of phytosanitation and biological control Research outcome: Effective integrated Central Africa, IITA, Bioversity, of banana bunchy top disease of aphid vectors in limiting BBTV infections and crop management package for BBTV management including Cameroon, CARBAP, BPI, ITFRI, (BBTD) losses determined in at least one countries. 2013: available. Development outcome: extension Malawi and DR Congo, Queensland DPI, Integrated management of BBTV widely tested in at services and farmers practice integrated Asia, Pacific INERA, NIHORT, least three countries in Central Africa. management of BBTV, improve banana/plantain UNIKIS, UNIKIN, productivity and reduce disease spread. ISABU, IRAZ, IZAR, IRAD INERA MARI THEME 3: Managing priority pests and diseases PRODUCT LINE 3.3.1: Detection, surveillance, mapping: cassava Next users: NARES and ARI R&D programs on root and tuber crops, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics and sub-tropics Expected impact: Higher and more stable productivity, and better quality of diverse products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income and food security Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.3.1.1 Global cassava pest and 2011: Partners in key countries identified for data Research outcomes: (1) Quarantine programs Global CIAT, MADR, disease distribution database gathering and collating. aware of risk of establishment for key cassava and profiles. 2012: Data on pest and disease location sites pests and diseases. (2) Breeders better able to standardized and entered into a centralized target the development of pest and disease database. resistant cultivars. Development outcomes: (1) 2013: Potential risk of establishment determined Reduced reliance on agrochemicals. (2) Shorter via niche models. reaction times to pest and disease invasions and range expansions in response to climate change. 3.3.1.2 Molecular diagnostics 2012: PCR-based protocols to identify cassava Research outcomes: (1) Identification of high risk Global CIAT, MADR, for rapid and accurate whiteflies, mealybugs and diseases (i.e pests and pathogens streamlined and identification of high risk pests Phytoplasmas) developed. decentralized, reducing reliance on specialized and diseases. taxonomists. (2) More precise understanding of prevalence of high-risk pests and diseases. Development outcomes: (1) More efficent quarantine protocols and procedures to allow safer and more dynamic exchange of germplasm. (2) Better understanding of pests and diseases leads to more sensible policies by agricultural authorities. PRODUCT LINE 3.3.2: Ecology, biology, and epidemiology of pests and diseases: cassava +A18 Next users: NARES and ARI R&D programs on root and tuber crops, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics and sub-tropics Expected impact: Higher and more stable productivity, and better quality of diverse products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income and food security Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.3.2.1. Knowledge generated 2011: Basic components of CBSV transmission Centers and research partners are equipped with Tanzania and Kenya, IITA to enable the development of characterized (acquisition access period, latent the knowledge to develop whitefly control Universities in transgenic cassava plants that period, inoculation access strategies based on transmission Australia and USA prvent the transmission of period, retention time). interference using transgenic plants. cassava ivruses by their whitefly 2012: Transmission pathways within Bemisia tabaci vectors. determined for both cassava mosaic geminiviruses and cassava brown streak viruses. 2013: Virus receptor sites identified in B. tabaci that facilitate persistent or non-persistent transmission processes. 2014: Strategies identified to prevent virus binding within the vector, blocking virus transmission. 3.3.2.2. New knowledge on 2011: Biological and genetic characteristics of Center and NARS researchers SSA IITA, NARS in SSA Bemisia tabaci - a major pest ‘super-abundant’ whiteflies on cassava will be using new knowledge and diagnostic tools and virus vector in root crops determined. Characteristics of cassava to effectively monitor whiteflies compared with those on sweet potato, whitefly outbreaks and target control other crops and wild hosts.2012: Molecular interventions. Models will guide policy diagnostics developed to distinguish between makers on higher level crop and disease biologically distinct populations of whiteflies.2013: management strategies. Whitefly diagnostics of survey-collected populations used to map the distribution of ‘super- abundant’ whiteflies and forecast patterns of future spread.2014: Models developed combining virus, crop and vector components to forecast patterns of whitefly population development and future spread of virus pandemics through East and Central Africa. 3.3.2.3 New Knowledge on 2011: molecular markers for identification of Research outcome: accurate tools for scale IITA, INERA (DR African root and tuber scale cryptic scale species identified. identification developed and used by IITA and Congo), IRAD 2012: accurate identification of scale species partners in developing management startegies for (Cameroon), incorporated into research to develop scale- the scale; Development outcome: enhanced University of resistant cassava; cassava productivity due development of scale- Massechussetts (USA) 2013: biology of the scale species on wild and resistant cassava and better targeting of scale cultivated host plants elucidated. management options. 3.3.2.4 Potential and role of 2011: Transmission efficiency and conditions Research outcome: Virologists and entomologists Eastern and Southern IITA, NARS in spiralling whitefly (SWF) in affecting SPW transmission of CBSV determined. consider SWF in management of CBSV. Africa Tanzania, Kenya, cassava brown streak (CBSV) 2012: Role of SWF in CBSV epidemiology Development outcome: greater awareness by Uganda, Malawi transmission determined. extension services and farmers of the role of SWF in cassava production. PRODUCT LINE 3.3.3:Ecology and management of beneficial organisms: cassava+A26 Next users: NARES and ARI R&D programs on root and tuber crops, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics and sub-tropics Expected impact: Higher and more stable productivity, and better quality of diverse products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income and food security Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.3.3.1 Collection of beneficial 2010-13: Entomopathogen and phytopathogen Research outcomes: (1) Private and NARS Global CIAT microbials for cassava antagonist collection banks (300+ isolates) biocontrol operations have access to key production maintained and enriched with new isolates. microbials to mass produce promising 2012: Collection of beneficial endophytes biopesticides and inoculants. Development established, at least 10 promising isolates outcomes: (1) Farmers provided with more identified alternatives for ecologically-based crop protection. 2013: Endophyte-mediated plant resistance to whiteflies evaluated. 3.3.3.2 Natural enemies of 2011: Local natural enemies (parasitoids, Research outcome: Researchers and NARS use Cameroon, Tanzania, IITA, University of Tel Bemisa whiteflies identified and predators, pathogens) assoicated with Bemisia effective parasitoids to promote biological control Uganda, Malawi Aviv (Isarel), Chinese characterized. whiteflies identified and their distributions and of Bemisia whiteflies. Development outcome: Academy of dynamics determined; and exotic and promissing biological control agents reduce whitefly Agricultural Sciences, parasitoids identified, introduced, and tested on at populations and enhance cassava productivity. IRAD (Cameroon), least two geographic populations/biotypes of NBCP (Tanzania) Bemisia whiteflies. 2012: Interactions between local and exotic parasitoids of Bemisia whiteflies determined and potential of negative or complementary effects identified; 2013 Maintenance of colonies of at least three Bemisia whitefly parasitoids continued and promising species mass reared for use in field releases PRODUCT LINE 3.3.4: Specific management strategies Next users: NARES and ARI R&D programs on root and tuber crops, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics and sub-tropics Expected impact: Higher and more stable productivity, and better quality of diverse products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income and food security Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.3.4.1. Integrated management 2012: Causal agent and vectors associated with Research outomes: (1) Research community gain Latin America CIAT, MADR, of cassva frogskin disease frogskin disease identified. access to accurate and timely frogskin diagnosis as 2012: Response to frogskin disease evaluated in at a monitoring and management tool. Development least 10% of cassava germplasm. outcomes: (2) Farmers better able to prevent the 2012: Adequate diagnostic tools for cassava spread of and/or manage frogskin disease. frogskin disease developed. 2013: Frogskin disease management strategy and epidemiological model developed. 2013: Integrated crop management recommendations related to frogskin disease and vector in LAC. 2014: LAC network for cassava health assessment and response to climate change 3.3.4.2 Integration of biological 2012: Experimental field releases of exotic Research outcome: Effective natural enemies of Eastern and Central IITA, University of Tel control and host plant parasitoids evaluated in at least two countries. Bemisia whiteflies available for their control and Africa Aviv (Isarel), USDA- resistance in the management 2013: mass rearing method and wide scale promoted by researchers, NARS and other ARS, CIAT of Bemisia tabaci – vector of releases of promising parasitoids of Bemisia stakeholders. Development outcome: reduced CMD and CBSV in cassava. whiteflies conducted in at least two countries; pilot damage to cassava and higher crop productivity studies on relative role of cassava resistance and and farm income from the biological control of biological control of Bemisia whiteflies initiated. Bemisia whiteflies. 3.3.4.3 Biological control of 2011: At least one effective parasitoid of SWF Research outcome: NARS partners rely on Eastern and Southern IITA, NARS in spiralling whitefly with established in at least one country in eastern biological control in the management of SWF. Africa Tanzania, Kenya, parasitoids. Africa, and its seasonal dynamics and impact on Development outcome: Parasitoids persist in areas Uganda, Malawi SWF populations determined on cassava and at of introduction and provide effective control of least on other host plant. SWF leading to higher crop productivity. 2012: parasitoids introduced in at least two additional countries and spread and persisence of introduced parasitoids determined and georeferenced maps of its distribution produced. 2013: impact of biological control on SWF determined in at least two countries in eastern Africa. THEME 3: Managing priority pests and diseases PRODUCT LINE 3.4.1: Detection, surveillance, mapping: potato Next users: RTB breeding programs and seed programs, collaborating NARES programs and Megaprograms 1,4,5 and 7 End users: In this case next users are virtually end users as these technologies will be used for decision making, ex ante impact assessment, resource allocation, Expected impact: Better targeting of resources for R&D; better detection tools and pest and disease distribution maps will eventually lead to more effective pest and Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.4.1.1 Development of 2011: Networks formed for Africa, LA and Asia Research: NARES working on pathogen surveillance sub-Saharan Africa, CIP, interested NARES detection (diagnostic) tools; involving at least 3 NARES per region for of P. infestans use standardized approaches and Andean region, South in each region; establishment of pathogen surveillance of P. infestans populations work with regional/global focus; and South East Asia AVRDC, FERA detection and monitoring 2012: Centralized laboratories (see cross cutting Development: farmers have improved access to (surveilance) laboratories product 3.1.1.1) equipped with equipment and HR varieties with durable resistance and better needed for Pi collection and monitoring. management approaches based on knowledge of 2012: Core collections of at least 200 Pi isolates per fungicide resistance in pathogen populations region established in each laboratory. 3.4.1.2 Surveillance of 2011 Key laboratories in each regional group using Research: breeders have detailed knowledge of sub-Saharan Africa, CIP, interested NARES pest/disease Phytophthora.exe to log pathogen data in global pathogen dynamics for targeted selection; Andean region, South in each region; Arrhus abundance/severity and data base for at least 100 isolates per region extension agents have knowledge of pesticide and South East Asia University, Denmark, distribution. 2013: Surveys on insect pests in major potato resistance in populations of Pi AVRDC, SCRI, FERA highland cropping systems performed; data logged Development: farmers have improved access to in common data base varieties with durable resistance and better management approaches based on knowledge of fungicide resistance in pathogen populations. Research: A better understanding of pest distribution and severity allows for a better targeting and planning of IPM. Development: NARES and farmers have information on the severity of pests and emerging pest problems and can be supported in implementing an IPM program. 3.4.1.3 Risk of crop loss due to 2012: Maps at local, regional and global scale of P. Research: Decision makers who need information Global, regional (LAC) CIP, interested NARES pests/pathogens mapped and infestans populations developed from common for resource allocation consult maps for major in each region; Arrhus assessed in the context of global data base and made available potato diseases and pests. University, Denmark, change 2013: Maps of risk of change in late blight intensity NARES use information to develop adaptation AVRDC, SCRI, FERA due to climate change developed and made strategies for pest management due to climate available change. 2011: Risk of establishment and changes in the Development: Farmers are better prepared for distribution of three potato tuber moth species emerging pest problems, have access to better mapped in response to climate change forecasted allocated resources, better targeted varieties, and through spatial phenology modeling. information on IPM strategies. 2012: Risk of establishment and changes in the distribution of two leafminer fly species in response to climate change forecasted through spatial phenology modeling. 2013: Risk of establishment and changes in the distribution of two Andean potato weevil species mapped in response to climate change forecasted through spatial phenology modeling. 3.4.1.4 Appropriate materials 2011: Learning materials available in target areas Research: NARES change research approaches Global CIP, CIAT, IITA, developed for training of NARES for management of primary potato pests and after training using more effective and Bioversity, MP 1, researchers in important pest diseases standardized approaches and standard data bases; and disease issues 2012: Methodology available for capacity building Development: Farmers eventually employ new of NARES partners in target areas approaches or technologies (eg varieties) coming 2013: At least one capacity building experience per from improved research support year in two locations per region per year PRODUCT LINE 3.4.2: Ecology, biology, and epidemiology of pests and diseases: potato Next users: RTB breeding programs, collaborating NARES programs and IARCS; Megaprograms 1,4,5 and 7 End users: RTB dependent populations with low productivity, susceptible to climate change and at risk of disease and pest attack should have access to better Expected impact: Improved knowledge and tools will lead to better disease management and therefore reduced crop loss, diminished risk of pesticide poisoning, Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.1.2.1 Enhanced understanding 2012: Dynamics of sporulation, dispersal and Research outcome: Researchers in NARS and AIRCs Initially highland NARS in target areas; of the ecology and epidemiology deposition of P infestans in highland tropics have more accurate disease simulation tool for tropics; eventually of P infestans described in at least two locations and quantified scenario testing. globally for simulation model; Development: More efficient development of 2013: Dynamics of fungicide efficacy and disease management strategies and more efficient persistence for P infestans under tropical conditions selection of resistance eventually lead to use of described and validated via disease simulation these outputs by farmers. 3.1.2.2 Standardized procedures 2012: Data input templates and common database Research: NARS use harmonized techniques Global NARS in target areas; developed for resistance available to NARS in at least 3 countries per major evaluating resistance to P infestans and eventually phenotyping (i.e., region; other pests and pathogens. methodologies for resistance 2012: Quantitative scale for resistance to P Development: More efficient selection of resistant evaluation) infestans readily available to all NARS; cultivars will lead to greater use by farmers. 2013: Quantitative relationship between host resistance and fungicide need established in at least 3 target areas 3.4.2.3 Molecular tools for pest 2011: Molecular tools for identifying leafminer fly Research: NARS use molecular tools for species South America (Peru), CIP, University of identification. species established. identification. SSA (Kenya) Innsbruck, icipe Development: Farmers use appropriate management tactics based on correct identification of the pest. PRODUCT LINE 3.4.3: Ecology and management of beneficial organisms: potato Next users: Collaborating NARES programs involved in disease and insect management; collaborating IARCs. This product line can also lead to products used by End users: RTB dependent populations with low productivity, with problems of plant nutrient deficiency and/or pests and diseases Expected impact: Use of beneficial organisms can lead to improved productivity and reduced risk of pest and disease losses, and reduced pesticide dependency - thus Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 1.4.3.1 Inventory, collection, 2011: Entomopathogenic pathogens (baculoviruses, Research: NARES and the private sector have Global, potato CIP, interested NARS, characterization and nematodes and fungi) of key pests collected and information about potential microorganisms that highlands University, ARI, documentation of beneficial chararcterized. can be used as biopesticides and key information private sector organisms of key potato pests 2012: Abundance and diversity of beneficial insects on beneficial insects that could be promoted in major potato based cropping systems through adequate cropping systems and IPM determined. programs. Development: Farmers pest management considers natural control through beneficial insects and the use of biopesticides and hence profits from reduced use of pesticides. 1.4.3.2 Pathogenicity and 2012: Pathogenicity of entomopathogens tested in Research: NARES and the private sector have Global, potato CIP, interested NARS, potential use of lab bioassays. information to use potential microorganisms as highlands icipe, ARI, entomopathogens for key 2013: Effectivity of entomopathogens in field trials biopesticide. Universities, private potato pests as biopesticides validated. Development: Biopesticides are available as public sector 2014: Mass production system of potential goods, produced by NARES and the private sector entomopathogens developed and optimised and used by farmers in potato pest management. 1.4.3.3 Formulation and delivery 2014: Formulation and delivery systems for see 1.4.3.2 Global, potato CIP, interested NARS, systems for effective utilization biopesticides developed and optimized. highlands icipe, ARI, of beneficial organisms Universities, private sector 1.4.3.4 Classical biological 2011: Temperature-dependent potential efficacy of Research: NARS and IARC use information to better Global CIP, interested NARS, control of invasive potato pests three parasitoids of the potato tuber moth assessed target invasive potato pests through classical icipe through two-species-interaction phenology biological control. modeling. Development: Potato farmers have reduced pest 2012: Temperature-dependent potential efficacy of problems through an efficient release and three parasitoids of the leafminer fly assessed naturalization of biocontrol agents (parasitoids). through two-species-interaction phenology models. 2013: Parasitoids introduced and mass-reared in target countries by NARS. 2014: Parasitoids released and naturalized. 1.4.3.5 Molecular tools for 2012: Molecular tools developed for Research: NARS and CIP use molecular tools to Global CIP, interested NARS, beneficial organisms identifying/detecting potato tuber moth and monitor naturalization of parasitoids. icipe, University of identification. leafminer fly associated principal parasitoids used Development: Farmers profit from an improved Innsbruck in classical biocontrol programs. monitoring system to evaluate efficiency of the biocontrol program. PRODUCT LINE 3.4.4: Specific management strategies: potato Next users: Collaborating NARES programs involved in disease and insect management; collaborating IARCs. This product line can also lead to products used by End users: Most specific management strategies products should have direct application for RTB producers and potentially others in the production chain Expected impact: Use of specific management strategies can lead to improved productivity and reduced risk of pest and disease losses, and reduced pesticide Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.1. 4.1 Specific tactics for the 2012: Efficacy of phosphonate for management of Research: Participating NARES incorporate Global CIP, interested NARES control of potato late blight are potato late blight tested in field trials in Africa, LA phosphonate in their LB management research and available and Asia. extension programs; Development: Farmers utilize phosphonate for LB control 3.1.4.2 Development of IPM 2011: IPM strategies for potato highland production Research: NARES incorporate potato IPM strategies South East Asia, SSA, CIP, interested NARES strategies. systems in LAC (Peru) developed and documented. in their national plant protection program. Latin America 2012: IPM strategies for potato highland production Development: Farmers use potato IPM strategies systems in Hindu-Kush-Himalaya region (Nepal, to reduce losses or pesticide use Bhutan) developed and documented. 2013: IPM strategies for potato highland production systems in SSA (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda) developed and documented. 3.1.4.3 Biorationals for the 2011: Plastic barriers for Andean potato weevil Research: NARES have available and propagate South East Asia, SSA, ICIP, interested management of potato pests management commercial available. effective IPM technologies for the control of main Latin America NARES, private sector 2012: Attract-and-kill for the management of the potato pests. potato tuber moth complex (two species) registered Development: Farmers use effective IPM tools to and commercialised. reduce losses from pests thereby reducing effectively pesticide use. 3.1.4.4 Training of national 2011: Primary farmer training agencies identified Research: Local farmer training agencies are Global FAO, local training programs in ecological pest and trained in ecological pest management in target trained and use capacity building materials. implementors management and appropriate areas. Development: Farmers change pest and disease materials developed for farmers 2011: Capacity building materials available and put management approaches and adopt IPM as a result training in management of in context of farmer situation in target areas of training. important potato pests and diseases. THEME 3: Managing priority pests and diseases PRODUCT LINE+A10 3.5.1: Detection, surveillance, and mapping: sweetpotato Next users: End users: Expected impact: Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.5.1.1 Development of 2011 siRNA deep sequencing technology adapted Researchers have tools to easily identify all SSA, South and South- CIP, FERA, interested diagnostic tools for rapid and for nationwide virus surveys and virus indexing sweetpotato infecting viruses at sequence level to East asia NARES accurate detection of major 2012 Lateral flow devices for field detection major survey and monitor occurance an spread of sweetpotato viruses in lab and sweetpotato viruses developed established and emerging viruses field, including capacity building Low tech and easy to use diagnostic test available for their appropriate use in to developing country partners quarantine and seed systems 3.5.1.2 Development of global 2011: Database for storing sweetpotato pathogen Quarantine programs aware of risk of spread and Global sweetpotato CIP, NARES in SSA, sweetpotato pathogen distribution data developed establishment of key sweetpotato pathogens producing countries distribution database with direct 2011: Survey of sweetpotato virome in Better deployement of resistant germplasm based links to appropriate national Mozambique and Ethiopia concluded on knowledge of pathogen population in regions partners 2012: Survey of sweetpotato virome in Angola, Nigeria & Ghana 2012: Data on distribution of sweetpotato viruses in Africa and strains entered into the database 2013: Data on distribution of sweetpotato viruses in Asia entered into the database 2014: Distribution maps of major sweetpotato viruses developed (including historical data to monitor spread)" 3.5.1.3 Enhanced understanding 2011 Impact of common symptomeless DNA Scientist have information on which to base of the impact of common viruses (begomoviruses and pararetroviruses) on intervention strategies. symptomless (DNA) viruses in sweetpotato yields determined sweetpotato production 3.5.1.4 Development of a global 2011: Data on the distribution of sweetpotato Research: Decision makers who need information SSA (Uganda, Kenya, CIP, Univ. of database for the distribution of pests collected and entered into the database. for resource allocation consult maps for major etc.), South East Asia Hohenheim, major sweetpotato insect pests 2012: Temperature-dependent development, potato diseases and pests. NARES have available (India, The Philippines, interested NARES (Cylas spp., etc.) linked to risk mortality, and reproduction of major sweetpotato information on sweetpotato pest distribution as etc.), Latin America maps for future pest pests studied and phenology models developed. well as models to predict future risks for pests to distribution due to Climate 2013: Risk maps for the potential distribution of plan research and management interventions Change major sweetpotato insect pests due to climate accordingly. change developed and made available. Development: Farmers are better prepared for emerging pest problems, have access to better allocated resources, better targeted varieties, and information on IPM strategies. PRODUCT LINE 3.5.2: Ecology, biology, and epidemiology of pests and diseases: sweetpotato Next users: End users: Expected impact: Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.5.2.1 The sweetpotato 2011: Flight activity, infestation patterns, sources Research: NARES have information about Cylas sp. SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES weevils and sweetpotato for infestation and behavior of Cylas sp. studied. population dynamics, behavior and yield gaps that and South East Asia partners butterfly distribution, 2012: Yield gap analysis (tuber yield and quality will contribute to improved management (The Philippines, India) population dynamics, incidence losses) related to Cylas sp. infestations conducted. interventions. and damage in different Development: Farmers have more effective IPM sweetpotato agro-ecologies tools for weevil management. understood and documented. 3.5.2.2 Epidemiology of known 2012: Mode of horizontal transmission (insect Information on virus epidemiology available Global CIP, interested NARES and emerging sweetpotato vectors) determined for emerging sweetpotato enabling to design of management interventions partners viruses understood and viruses documented PRODUCT LINE 3.5.3: Ecology and management of beneficial organisms: sweetpotato Next users: End users: Expected impact: Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.5.3.1 Inventory, collection, 2011: Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi Research: NARES and the private sector have SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES characterization and collected and chararcterized. information about potential microorganisms that and South East Asia partners, University documentation of beneficial 2012: Abundance and diversity of beneficial insects can be used as biopesticides and key information (The Philippines, India) of Kiel organisms of sweetpotato pests in major sweetpotato based cropping systems on beneficial insects that could be promoted determined. through adequate cropping systems and IPM programs. Development: Farmers pest management considers natural control through beneficial insects and the use of biopesticides and hence profits from reduced use of pesticides. 3.5.3.2 Pathogenicity and 2012: Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic Research: NARES and the private sector have SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES potential use of nematodes and fungi tested in lab bioassays. information to use potential microorganisms as and South East Asia partners, private entomopathogenic nematodes 2013: Effectivity of entomopathogens in field trials biopesticide. (The Philippines, India) sector, ARI, and fungi as biopesticides validated. Development: Biopesticides are available as public Universities 2014: Mass production system of potential goods, produced by NARES and the private sector entomopathogens developed and optimised. and used by farmers in sweetpotato pest management. 3.5.3.3 Formulation and delivery 2014: Formulation and delivery systems for see 1.5.3.2 SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES systems for effective utilization biopesticides developed and optimized. and South East Asia partners, private of beneficial organisms (The Philippines, India) sector PRODUCT LINE 3.5.4: Specific management strategies: sweetpotato Next users: End users: Expected impact: Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.5.4.1. Inventory of indigenous 2011: Database on farmers’ indigenous knowledge Research: Farmers indigenous knowledge used in SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES sweetpotato pest management to control Cylas sp. and other sweetpotato pests developing an efficient IPM program. and South East Asia strategies and cultural practices. developed. Developement: Farmers profit from other farmers (The Philippines, India) experience in pest management. 3.5.4.2 Knowledge on the 2012: Efficacy of cultural practices to minimize Research: NARES and farmers who participate SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES efficacy of cultural practices and yield and tuber quality losses by Cylas sp. directly in the research process have available and South East Asia plant characteristics to reduce evaluated. cultural and other innovative control methods (The Philippines, India) Cylas sp. infestation. 2012: Plant characteristics of sweetpotato against Cylas sp., which contribute to reduce the landraces and improved varieties associated with damage levels at least by 30%. low susceptibility to SPW infestation evaluated. Development: Farmers use effectively cultural 2013: Best cultural practices and IPM tools to practices in sweetpotato pest management. provide Cylas-free planting material from vine nurseries assessed. 3.5.4.3 Biorationals for the 2012: Simple methods for attracting and killing Research: NARES and the private sector have SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES management of Cylas sp. weevils in participatory research with farmers important information to deliver new plant and South East Asia tested and developed. protection products to farmers to manage Cylas sp. (The Philippines, India) 2012: Commercial Bt-products and plant derived Development: Farmers use effective IPM tools to extracts for their efficacy to reduce weevil reduce losses from pests thereby reducing infestation in vine nurseries and in field effectively pesticide use. applications evaluated. 2013: New chemical sex pheromone structures and concentrations in low cost attract-and-kill systems tested. 3.5.4.4 Knowledge on ecological 2012: Effects of Bt-toxins against Curculionidae NARES and CIP have information about insect SSA (Uganda, Kenya) CIP, interested NARES effects of Bt-sweetpotato sweetpotato pests evaluated. diversity and key non-target species and the 2013: Important non-targets in multitrophic studies potential ecological impact of Bt-sweetpotato for identified and lower tier studies performed. supporting decision-making on this line of research. Development:Farmers will not experience negative side-effects from the introduction of GM sweetpotato. THEME 3: Managing priority pests and diseases PRODUCT LINE 3.6.1: Detection, surveillance, mapping: yams Next users: NARES and ARI root and tuber programs, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics of Africa (especially West Africa), Asia, the Americas and the Pacific islands Expected impact: Increased and more stable productivity, and better quality and storage of produce/products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.6.1.1 Yam infecting Poty- 2011. New knowledge on genetic diversity of Research outcome: researchers and practitioners West Africa: Nigeria, IITA NRCRI; INRAB; bandavirus diversity determined economically important yam viruses. 2013. Uniplex used advanced tools in yam plant heath Benin, Togo, Ghana, ITRA; CRI; CNRA; and simple diagnostics for yam and mulplex PCR-based diangostic tools for yam management. Development outcome: Increase in Ivory Coast. National plant viruses established. virus indexing developed. adoption of yam virus indexing tools in seed health protection agencies certification programs ; increase in production of e.g. GSID (Ghana), virus-free planting material and consequent NAQS (Nigeria), DPQC expansion in area sown with clean planting (Benin) material in West Africa; reduction in incidence of major pests and pathogens; significant gains productivity gain in targeted communities. 3.6.1.2 Characterize EPRVs and 2011. Improved yam germplasm collected and Research outcome: researchers and plant heath West Africa, Nigeria, IITA, NRI, CNRA, develop diagnostic tests to evaluated for EPRVs; services use diagnostic tools for distinguishing Benin, Togo, Ghana, INRAB CRI, SARI, ITRA, distinguish EPRVs and yam 2012: Diagnostic tools for EPRVs developed EPRVs and badnavirus particles in infected cells. Ivory Coast NRCRI, CSRS badnaviruses. Development outcome: diagnostic tools promote improved management of EPRVs in yams. 3.6.1.3 Molecular genetic 2011. Isolates of C. gloeosporioides (causal agent of Research outcome: Researchers use new Nigeria, Benin, Ghana IITA, NRCRI, INRAB, diversity of Collectotrichum anthracnose disease) from West Africa analyzed by knowledge on pathogen diversity to identifiy yam CRI, Universities gloeosporioides in West Africa MLAS; clones reistant to a broad range of anthrocnose established 2012: Genetic diversity of C. gloeosporioides pathogens. Development outcome: improved established. management of yam diseases and enhanced yam productivity. 3.6.1.4 Preliminary 2011: Surveys for YBSD completed; Research outcome: Researchers use knowledge of Ivory Cost IITA, INERA, charactrization of yam internal 2013: YBSD biological properties determined. YBSD biology, mode of transmission, etiology to Universities brown spot disease (YBSD) develop diagnostic tools and YBSD distribution maps for appropriate targeting of management interventios. Development outcome: formulation of control measures and their use in controlling YBSD and enhancing yam yield and quality. 3.6.1.5 Distribution, species 2012: Late season surveys on tuber insect pests Research outcome: Researchers use knowledge in Coastal West Africa IITA; NRCRI; INRAB; diversity, and importance to completed in the intensifying (short fallow) yam developing management measures including (Nigeria, Togo, Ghana ITRA; CRI; CNRA; storage and trade of tuber insect systems of Nigeria, Togo, Ghana and Ivory Coast; setting priorities on specific species to target. and Ivory Coast) National plant pests in West Africa determined 2013: Data analyses, mapping and reporting Development outcome: More effective and protection agencies completed and related to previous data from Benin efficient management and increased support from e.g. GSID (Ghana), policy makers. NAQS (Nigeria), DPQC (Benin) PRODUCT LINE 3.6.2: Ecology, biology, and epidemiology of pests and diseases: yams Next users: NARES and ARI root and tuber programs, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics of Africa (especially West Africa), Asia, the Americas and the Pacific islands Expected impact: Increased and more stable productivity, and better quality and storage of produce/products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.6.2.1 Enhanced knowledge of 2014: role of Meloidogyne spp. in yam systems Research outcome: Breeders use knowledge on West Africa IITA, NARS in West diversity and ecology of determined diveristy and ecology of Meloidogyne spp. in yam Africa, UC Davis Meloidogyne spp. in yam breeding programs; Development outcome: yam systems losses reduced due to lower nematode infections PRODUCT LINE 3.6.3: Ecology and management of beneficial organisms: yams Next users: NARES and ARI root and tuber programs, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics of Africa (especially West Africa), Asia, the Americas and the Pacific islands Expected impact: Increased and more stable productivity, and better quality and storage of produce/products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.6.3.1 Diversity of indigenous 2012: Surveys completed in yam growing zones of Research outcome: Improved understanding of Coastal West Africa IITA; NRCRI; INRAB; arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi Nigeria, Togo, Ghana and Ivory Coast; 2013: Data status of indigenous AMF leads to science-based (Nigeria, Togo, Ghana ITRA; CRI; CNRA; (AMF) and their roles in short- analyses, mapping and reporting completed and decisions on their exploitation in improving yam and Ivory Coast) National plant fallow, yam-based systems in related to previous data from Benin systems; Development outcome: AMF-based protection agencies West Africa determined products used by farmers for improved yam production. PRODUCT LINE 3.6.4: Specific management strategies: yams Next users: NARES and ARI root and tuber programs, Megaprogram 1.2, and global/regional R&D agencies like FAO End users: RTB dependent populations in the tropics of Africa (especially West Africa), Asia, the Americas and the Pacific islands Expected impact: Increased and more stable productivity, and better quality and storage of produce/products leading to improvements in levels and stability of income Products Milestones Outcomes Target region and key Lead institution and countries key partners 3.6.4.1 Appropriate mixture and 2013: Data available on impact on disease severity Research outcome: Better understanding of Coastal West Africa IITA, NARS of targeted arrangement of D. alata cultivars of various mixtures of cultivars with broad and anthracnose disease dynamics and the contribution (Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, countries for effective management of specific resistance to strains of C. gloeosporioides. of host plant resistance to its contro ; Benin and Ivory Coast) anthracnose disease determined 2014: Data available on the interaction of the Development outcome: Improved yields and varietal composition with agronomic factors such as stability of field performance of preferred D. alata planting date and staking cultivars following adoption of recommendations 3.6.4.2 Formulation methods 2014: Arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungal (AMF) Research outcome: Technology of AMF use in seed West Africa IITA, NARES of and delivery system for effective products developed for use on seed yams yam used by Centers and NARS researchers; targeted countries utilization of beneficial Development outcome: AMF used by farmers and organisms seed producers as protectant and stimulant for for improved seed yam survival and increase yam production. 3.6.4.6 Other