2009 Annual Report Sustainable agriculture for food and nutrition security A Bioversity International Contents Bioversity’s modus operandi Bioversity office locations ii is based firmly on working with others, leveraging our Foreword 1 funds and abilities so that we Nutrition not only achieve results, but also help to build capacity in Diverse diets fight malnutrition and more 2 those we work with and for. So strong and plentiful are Making a meal of minor millets 6 these links, however, that Plantains for the towns, bananas for the farmers 8 to list them all in every case would make for a very long Sustainable Agriculture and dry document. In the following stories some of our Agroforestry to boost traditional banana plots 9 partners have been mentioned by name while others have Environment drives innovation in Nicaragua 12 not, but we would like to Heavy metal snacks 14 take this opportunity to thank them all. Bioversity depends Seeds for Needs: climate change adaptation 16 on partnership and partners to get the job done. We also Conservation and Use acknowledge the support of all Sweet taste of success for Philippines fruit project 18 our donors, especially those that contribute unrestricted Diversity fairs promote biodiversity conservation in Bolivia 20 funds. Plugging the gaps to speed the search for crop wild relatives 22 Finance report 2009 24 Risk management 25 Restricted grants 2009 26 Selected publications 31 Projects 35 Bioversity International is the operating name Establishment agreement 36 of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute Board of Trustees 36 (IPGRI) and the International Network for the Improvement Professional staff 37 of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). Supported by the CGIAR Bioversity office locations Heverlee, Belgium Montpellier, France Bioversity HQ, Rome, Italy Rome, Italy Tashkent, Beijing, China Aleppo, Uzbekistan Syria New Delhi, India Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Los Baños, Philippines Turrialba, Costa Rica Cotonou, Benin Cali, Colombia Douala, Cameroon Kampala, Uganda Serdang, Malaysia Nairobi, Kenya Major Programme and Regional Ofces Other ofces ii Foreword In retrospect, 2009 will probably come to be seen as a watershed not only for Bioversity International but also for the entire Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Bioversity continued to contribute actively to the CGIAR’s Change Management Process, with new structures agreed towards the end of the year. As the details are fleshed out and implemented in 2010, developing-country farmers should begin to benefit from greater efficiency, accountability and transparency among the CGIAR centres and our donors. Change was afoot in the wider arena too. Building on the momentum generated at the 2008 High-Level Conference on World Food Security, called by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bioversity continued to take part in negotiations to reform the Committee on World Food Security. During the negotiations there was considerable support for a greater role for agricultural biodiversity and research expertise, and recognition of the important part that agricultural biodiversity can play in dealing with malnutrition and in helping farmers to adapt so that they are better placed to meet the challenges of climate change. Investment in agricultural research and development was also prominent at preparatory meetings that culminated in the G8 summit in L’Aquila here in Italy. Once again, Bioversity represented the CGIAR centres, and we can take some credit for ensuring that the final L’Aquila Joint Statement on Global Food Security, with its commitments to improved food security and nutrition and sustained and predictable funding for agricultural research and development, speaks directly to the need for increased investments in short-, medium- and long-term agricultural development that “directly benefits the poorest and makes best use of international institutions”. Considerable time has been spent during 2009 preparing for 2010, which the United Nations has designated the International Year of Biodiversity. While we applaud the decision to focus international attention on the need to conserve biodiversity, we also recognize that all too often agriculture is seen as the enemy of conservation. This need not be. We urgently need to find ways to improve the productivity and resilience of agricultural systems without oversimplifying them, which means we need to conserve and make better use of agricultural biodiversity. A crucial challenge for 2010 will be to change attitudes to agricultural biodiversity at all levels of society. A final element of change is that on 31 December 2009 Tony Gregson came to the end of his term as Chair of the Bioversity Board of Trustees. First as a Board Member and then as Chair he helped guide Bioversity, which has benefited greatly from his wisdom and experience and his unstinting willingness to contribute to the development of Bioversity and the CGIAR. He is succeeded by Paul Zuckerman, an experienced Board Member and veteran of an External Programme and Management Review. Emile Frison Tony Gregson Director General Board Chair NUtRItIoN Diverse diets fight malnutrition and more Scattered across 1500 square kilometres of eastern Kenya, 20 villages are contributing information vital to Bioversity’s efforts to use local dietary diversity in the fight against hidden hunger. Kitui district, two hours drive east sorghum successfully gathered a of Nairobi, is one of the driest parts good harvest. of Kenya. It is also the focus for a growing Bioversity project that The Bioversity project is helping aims to improve nutrition, incomes communities that have relied for and environmental sustainability decades on maize to find their way by promoting greater biodiversity back to diverse indigenous crops on farms and in diets. And already and wild fruits that are not only the project is paying dividends. drought resistant but also highly nutritious. Malnourished children Patrick Maundu, the Bioversity are being fed with local foods, the project coordinator, is impressed community has renewed pride that impacts are being felt so in self-reliance and agricultural quickly. “During the severe biodiversity is being restored. drought of 2008–2009,” he said, “farmers in Kitui who grew a wider range of local crops on their Community leadership farms coped better.” These many successes have not all been achieved by outsiders, top- Maize crops failed during what down. The local administration should have been the rainy (chiefs, assistant chiefs and season in April 2009, but farmers community leaders) have mobilized who grew local drought-resistant communities and disseminated crops such as ngelenge (a local type information and ideas, and many of lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus), of them are leading by example; cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and growing the indigenous food crops mbumbu (hyacinth bean, Lablab the project is promoting on their purpureus) and some forms of own farms. 2 B. Ekesa/Bioversity International A vital aspect of the project is to gave the general public the chance households, were made available gather survey data to assess impact to sample local foods. A local to the communities before the and to try and determine which radio station broadcast messages October rains, and by December activities work best. Families in encouraging people to increase the consumption of some of these 20 villages, carefully matched for diversity of their diet, while menus vegetables was being recorded a whole range of variables, have were monitored to see whether in household diets. “This was an been split into intervention and there were any changes as a result unexpected and welcome result,” control sites and comprehensively of the interventions. says Maundu. surveyed. Baseline data include measures of socio-economic status, Although it is early days yet, For example, amaranth supplied food consumption patterns, the restaurants and local schools to farmers as seed has already nutrition and general health of have shown great interest in the been picked up in market surveys. children under five and their traditional foods and a number of African nightshade supplied at mothers, along with an assessment them have introduced local foods the same time has also appeared of agricultural biodiversity on the to their menus. Seeds of a variety in the market but the few farmers farms. The project also monitored of vegetables, some of which who brought it said no one wanted menus in schools, restaurants and had never been used in some to buy it because the community hospitals. With the baseline data on cropping and human status gathered, the project started practical work in the intervention villages in June 2009. An early task was to ensure A variety of lima bean, known locally as ngelenge. It cropped well that growers had access to seed despite the serious drought. of indigenous food crops. In each village seed fairs allow farmers to exchange seed, and the project also obtained additional seed from the World Vegetable Centre in Arusha in Tanzania, Busia in Western Kenya and from research centres in the Soroti area of Uganda. Farmers received their seed in time to plant during the second rainy season in October. Growing demand So much for production, what about consumption? Having helped farmers to obtain seed, the project had to identify potential buyers of indigenous foods. Schools, supermarkets, groceries, hospitals and hotels and restaurants were offered training seminars in June and October 2009 during which the heads of these institutions were invited to an awareness-raising event on the nutritional and health benefits of diversifying diet, especially with local foods. Instructors from Utalii College, Kenya’s leading training centre for chefs, and local women experts worked with cooks from the target institutions during two separate teaching seminars. At the same time, promotional events were launched to create demand for local foods in homes, schools and restaurants. Food fairs 3 P. Maundu/Bioversity International Baseline surveys are gathering data on patterns of food consumption, what people grow and eat, what they feed their children, shortages and gluts, and has no track record or experience high-quality supplies (see ‘Back much else besides. in using it. This confirms earlier by popular demand,’ Bioversity findings that some foods remain Annual Report 2007, pp. 10–12). confined to local food cultures Experience gained in Nairobi is and will require work to make now being applied to build supply them more acceptable. The project chains in Kitui. team will produce and distribute recipe leaflets and conduct further cooking training to help encourage the future their uptake. Young people have proved to be particularly enthusiastic about The challenge now is to scale the dietary diversity project. The up the project to meet demand. introduction of rain gauges and The only large retailer in Kitui, maximum–minimum thermometers Naivas Supermarket, is interested in schools was a definite blessing. in putting indigenous vegetables Teachers showed great interest and on its shelves but supply has schools built small weather stations not yet picked up sufficiently. and used these in teaching. Even This is a supply-chain problem some of the questions in the 2009 that has already been cracked school exams were on weather. in Nairobi, where an earlier Linking food production to the project worked with growers and environment is a good way to involve supermarkets to ensure regular, young people in conservation and 4 health-promoting activities and to the people of Kitui. Patrick education, the project reports. Maundu is very optimistic. Patrick Maundu tells one tale of “We expect to see a change in youthful enthusiasm. “During behaviour—with respect to the seed and food fairs school pupils type of foods used and general were invited—to see and learn. understanding of the benefits of It was amazing how much these these foods we are promoting. We young people enjoyed the local expect more institutions to change foods. As I took a video of them their menus and to see more enjoying a local food known as variety of food in local markets kinaa made from pearl millet, one and households. The intervention boy of about 13, without noticing work will stop in June 2010, but me, whispered to another ‘aki kinaa we will continue to monitor health kii muyo’. That translates roughly impacts, for example with clinical to a rather emphatic way of saying tests for iron and vitamin A levels, that kinaa is really tasty.” to support the human health data already collected.” Changes in behaviour The ultimate goal is to ensure not The project will continue to only that the people of Kitui are promote ’novel’ crops, many of better placed to survive the next them traditionally valued in the big drought with their diversified past, and to support strong links crops and diet, but also that the between the farmers who produce lessons being learned around Kitui them and the local institutions can be adapted and adopted to fight and restaurants that can buy the malnutrition and promote greater produce and make it available resilience wherever needed. 5 P. Maundu/Bioversity International NUtRItIoN Making a meal of minor millets After successfully Around the world, traditional crops simple changes to processing, helping farmers in have lost out in the popularity stakes for example the introduction of the Kolli Hills of tamil to ‘exotic’ crops, from wheat and rice an electrically-powered mini- to cabbage and lettuce. People often mill, could make the crop much Nadu state in India, think of their old crops as backward more attractive to the women on Bioversity scientists and shun them as foods for the poor. whom the brunt of the processing and partners are But these old crops have a lot to offer. work fell (see ‘Exemplary impact Not only are they often better adapted of neglected species project,’ taking their results to local conditions—after all, they Bioversity Annual Report 2005, further afield and evolved in the local environment, pp. 23–25). This helped to increase re-introducing the together with all its climatic stresses, demand from rural families, which and pests and diseases—they are in turn encouraged farmers to people of Karnataka commonly more nutritious than grow more of the crops. But to to the many virtues of the new upstarts. Furthermore, make a real breakthrough, the millets climate change models predict that project would need to come up many currently neglected crops with millet-based products that will be of enormous importance in would whet the appetites of more areas expected to suffer the ravages sophisticated palates and penetrate of climate change. Minor millets, urban markets. long a focus of Bioversity’s work in India, are now being embraced more “We’ve been experimenting with a widely, not only for nutrition but range of common local foods and also as a source of increased farm also trying out a few novel recipes,” incomes and greater resilience in said Stefano Padulosi, leader of changing farming systems. the IFAD-funded project. “We are looking at replacing wheat, rice Earlier work in the Kolli Hills in and pulse flours with flour made Tamil Nadu state had shown that from millets,” he continued. 6 S. Padulosi/Bioversity International To do that the project has moved Roasting millet flour to the To top it off, millet flour is generally to work with women in Karnataka desired golden-brown colour cheaper than the constituents it state, west of Tamil Nadu. The was quicker than chickpea flour replaces. Chickpea flour is about women, organized into self-help (35 minutes compared with 40 50 Rs per kilogram, while millet groups, have been making a range minutes), while cooking up a flour costs just a quarter as much, of snacks and foods for sale as batch took only 20 minutes using around Rs 12–14/kg. part of efforts to boost household millet dough, compared with 30 incomes from agriculture. The minutes for the chickpea-based project enlisted their help to test laddu. Millet wins again. Better in so many ways millet-based recipes, and the So using millet reduces the cost of results are very promising. So the cooks were happy: millet the raw materials, reduces the time flour made their jobs quicker and it takes to make the food, reduces easier and burned less fuel. What the amount of fuel used and results A great substitute would consumers think? in a final product that is every Two of the stars are paddu—dough bit as good as the gold-standard balls traditionally made from a original. Farmers win because slightly fermented mixture of taste tests they have more options in the rice, black gram (Vigna mungo), The project engaged the services crops they can grow and sell. The chickpea and pigeon pea flours— of a panel of trained food testers women who produce the food win and laddu—a bit like doughnuts from the Food Laboratory at by having products that make their made from chickpea flour. Both the University of Agricultural lives easier and make them more have been adapted to use millets. Sciences, Dharwad. The panel used money. Consumers in the cities The rice flour for paddu is replaced a nine-point hedonic scale to assess win with a range of foods that are by flour made from little millet the colour and appearance, texture, familiar, tasty and healthy and that (Panicum sumatrense), while for taste and aroma of the traditional can be based on local materials. the laddu half of the chickpea flour and millet-based dishes—and the Growing the raw materials is also is substituted by flour made from millet-based dishes passed with better for the wider environment, foxtail millet (Setaria italica). flying colours. because they are adapted to the growing conditions and so less The results were quite a surprise. “The panel generally preferred likely to need energy-expensive laddu made from millet to that and possibly polluting inputs. Grinding rice to make paddu took made using chickpea flour,” longer than grinding little millet, and said Bhag Mal, one of the project “Our pilot studies in the Kolli Hills it took 9 minutes to bake rice-based scientists and an honorary showed us that we really ought to paddu, compared with only 6 minutes research fellow with Bioversity. call these minor millets nutritious for the millet-based mix. Less time, “They preferred the rice-based millets instead,” said Stefano less energy, and furthermore the paddu, but the differences were Padulosi. “Now we are discovering millet paddu expanded more while small, and they rated the millet- that the lessons learned there are baking to give a larger final product based paddu ‘very good or better’ much more widely applicable. and hence more profit. Paddu made for all the quality characters,” he That helps to increase the impact with millet flour is thus a hands- noted. of our research.” down winner for the cook. Two out of two—cooks and Similar although slightly smaller consumers liked snacks made with savings were seen with laddu. millet flour. Staff enjoy a snack of millet-based paddu in the canteen of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, partners in the project. 7 Nirmala Yenagi/UAS Dharwad NUtRItIoN Plantains for the towns, bananas for the farmers Although they may look the same to the inexpert eye, bananas and plantains—Musa fruits—have different characteristics. A Bioversity survey has now discovered that farmers could improve their nutrition by changing the way that they sell their crop. The survey was led by Beatrice The areas included in the survey preschool children. Households Ekesa, a nutritionist working for were known to depend heavily on often skip the midday meal, either Bioversity, with partners from bananas and plantains for food and because they do not have enough Burundi, the Democratic Republic income and had high levels of food food to prepare three meals a day of the Congo (DR Congo) and insecurity and malnutrition. or because the farmers’ fields are Uganda. Her main conclusion was so far from home that the adults do that although farmers in the Great Questions were asked of the not return home during the day. Lakes region of central Africa are mothers of the children or those smart to sell their plantains to caring for the children; fathers were Samples of the most popular markets in the towns—because allowed to sit in and follow the plantain and East African plantains command a higher interview. Interviewers asked about Highland banana varieties were price—they are losing out by the food crops grown, measures collected and sent to the Katholiek eating mostly bananas, which are of food security, household diets, University of Leuven, Belgium, for not as nutritious. consumption of banana-based foods nutritional analysis. Some of the and aspects of the family’s health. varieties, especially plantains, are Household interviews and focus believed to be highly nutritious, in group discussions with local The survey showed that although particular containing high levels of farmers and women with children the farmers grow both plantains provitamin A. If this is confirmed, under five formed the core of the and East African Highland encouraging people to grow and survey. The project team visited bananas, they sell almost all of eat the more-nutritious types more than 800 Musa-dependent their plantains to urban dwellers could be an inexpensive way to households with preschool children and rely mostly on bananas for reduce micronutrient malnutrition, in Kirundo province of Burundi, their own food. Children and especially among the children. North Kivu and South Kivu in adults alike eat twice a day on eastern DR Congo and Bushenyi average, and all eat the same district in south-western Uganda. food—there is no special diet for 8 P. Maundu/Bioversity International SUStAINABLE AGRICULtURE Agroforestry to boost traditional banana plots two new Bioversity projects are working with small-scale farmers in East Africa and Latin America to add market value and food security by integrating bananas and plantains into agroforestry systems. Progress is already being made. In Uganda the project’s goal is to benefits such as ecological and bring together elements that have economic resilience, greater food been considered separately but not security, lower labour costs, more packaged optimally before. Small dietary diversity and enhanced ruminants—sheep and goats— environmental services. can be a valuable source of food and income, but they need careful “In Uganda the purpose of the management and feeding. Trees project is to improve food security, can provide fodder and other income and natural resource benefits, but until now nobody quality,” says project leader has tried to integrate bananas, Charles Staver. “We have similar trees and small ruminants into a goals in Latin America, where we single farming system. want to help rural communities to increase their income and The focus in Latin America is also food security through more- on integration, but with different productive, higher-quality and components. In the partner more strategically marketed niche countries (Costa Rica, Honduras, and speciality bananas, grown Nicaragua and Peru) bananas with locally adapted, ecologically and plantains are often grown efficient, clean and profitable with other perennial crops, such agroforestry techniques.” as coffee and cacao. Superficially these diversified and shaded The root of the problem in Uganda systems tend to be less productive is the close dependence of rural than intensive monocrops grown communities in the Lake Victoria in full sun, but they offer other basin on their perennial banana 9 C. Staver/Bioversity International gardens. Over time the people have agriculture and production has project will also be piloting selected a huge diversity of East become increasingly market- methods for strengthening the African Highland banana varieties oriented. Soil fertility has young farmer groups that have and adopted exotic cultivars, declined and pest problems have been organized to improve the often with specific uses. They increased, especially at lower production and marketing of grow these using technologies for altitudes. The result has been bananas, small ruminants and sustainable production based on hard times, particularly for poorer trees. The researchers have also grass mulch, animal manures and households. This presents a been busy identifying the biological careful management of the density serious challenge for rural people interactions that underpin efficient, of banana plants in the plot. who also face increasing costs of resilient and resistant banana fossil fuel, the ongoing impacts agroforests and have reviewed a of HIV/AIDS, the flight of youth range of other banana agroforest Systems under stress to cities and higher temperatures experiences from farmers, field “But,” says Staver, “this banana and more irregular rainfall due to technicians, scientists and policy- system, which is adapted to a climate change. makers. slowly changing, village-based economy, is under stress.” The Uganda project is part-funded For 2010 one key target is to by the Austrian Development establish farmer groups that Throughout the Lake Victoria Agency and involves Austrian will investigate how ruminants, basin, farm size has declined, the researchers alongside East African fodder, trees and bananas work area given over to annual crops, institutions, students and local together best. There will also be as opposed to perennial banana farmers. In addition to developing a baseline characterization of plantations, has increased, grazing prototype agroforests of bananas, household livelihood strategies, lands have been converted to trees and small ruminants, the a participatory market study and Past efforts to make banana farming more sustainable have tended to focus on one thing at a time. Bioversity’s projects in Africa and Central America are encompassing the whole production chain, from healthy soils to better banana products in the markets. 10 C. Staver/Bioversity International Farmers in the Luweero district to the north of Kampala, Uganda, are doing better at marketing their crops, but are still concerned about how to keep their land productive, because their traditional approaches to improve the soil, with grass mulch and cattle manure, are increasingly unavailable. field studies of soil microbiology crop canopies and new planting lie ahead. The presence of and competition for resources arrangements for further research, Fusarium wilt is a huge menace to between bananas and trees. on-farm testing and training. household livelihoods and farmers As a result of this work, grower and researchers need a better groups and collaborating scientists understanding of the disease and Banana forests should be better equipped to pilot various management strategies. The new banana project in Latin the production and marketing of Marketing is also important because America is funded by the German higher-value bananas and plantains farmers currently sell much of their Agency for Technical Cooperation as components of farm enterprises. crop at quite low prices. Farmers (GTZ) to improve small-farm may be able to obtain a greater production of bananas under trees “Early observations from the return from the same investment by and to promote banana markets. participatory research work in making relatively simple changes in The first task is to identify pilot Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua their production systems, and there zones in which to study how best to and Peru have convinced us that may also be potential for group add value to agroforestry bananas, there is potential to improve marketing and targeted niche and then to extrapolate the results productivity of coffee and bananas marketing. from these zones to other areas as and to increase the contribution of part of poverty reduction strategies. trees to household income,” says “Bananas are the focus of both Staver. projects,” said Staver, “but in each Over the project’s 3 years the team case the idea is to take account will also examine interrelationships Combining farmer participatory of other factors, such as soil and influences of water, light and experiments with more formal management or small livestock or soil health on Musa productivity studies in farmers’ fields and niche marketing, to improve the within the mixed-species perennial modelling will help generate short- incomes of the farm families and cropping systems. The findings term results, refine the medium- to ensure that these improvements will then be integrated with term research strategy and build can be sustained long-term.” existing biophysical models to national capacities for long-term help design and manage mixed improvement but real challenges 11 C. Staver/Bioversity International SUStAINABLE AGRICULtURE Environment drives innovation in Nicaragua Research may offer A recent study in Nicaragua farmers would be more willing to improvements, but examined some of the factors that innovate and thus more likely to will farmers adopt influence the uptake of innovations take up improved practices. among plantain farmers. Tina them? A study of Schreiner, a student from Germany, Older-generation households were smallholder plantain focused on the Rivas region, in the defined as established households producers in south of the country, bordering headed by a producer more than Costa Rica. This region is home to 35 years old, while the younger- Nicaragua shows that nearly 80% of the country’s plantain generation households were local circumstances farmers and consists of two parts— recently established with a producer have a much the ‘mainland’ and the island of of less than 35 years old heading the Ometepe in Lake Nicaragua. Farmers household. The survey also covered greater influence on on the mainland grow mainly the ‘next-generation’ of plantain innovation than does the higher-yielding dwarf variety producers; young adults living with the age or education ‘Enano’ under irrigation, while those their parents. The survey covered on the island of Ometepe grow the 49 households on the mainland of the farmer. traditional, drought-resistant variety and 50 on the island of Ometepe, ‘Gigante’ without irrigation. and because it became apparent early on that there were very large The study set out to look at differences in the asset base between differences in ‘asset base’ (financial, farmers on the mainland and those physical, human and social on Ometepe, this was factored into capital) and ‘livelihood strategies’ the analysis. (differences in farm and off- farm income) and their effects on Over the whole sample, average investment and innovation capacity, farm income was about US$17 000 with a focus on different age groups. for old and young farmers alike, but One hypothesis was that younger farmers on the mainland averaged 12 T. Schreiner over US$30 000, compared with much greater investment capacity opportunities in areas other than about US$4000 for farmers on the than island farmers. farming, almost all of them (86%) island. This largely reflected the nevertheless want to take over the difference in the use of irrigation As would be expected from this, family farm and 64% believe they between the mainland and the mainland farmers had adopted will have a good life based on island: 90% of farmers on the more innovations in recent years plantain production. The future mainland irrigated their plantain than island farmers: more than a of plantain production seems crop and hence were able to grow quarter of mainland farmers had safe in the hands of the younger the crop year-round, whereas none adopted more than 14 innovations, generation. of the farmers on the island used compared with only 2% of island irrigation and thus could raise a farmers. On the mainland more This study set out to examine crop only during the rainy season. older farmers had adopted a differences in innovation between This forces farmers on the island to moderate number of innovations age groups, but found these adopt other livelihood strategies, than had younger farmers (71% to be swamped by differences and results in plantain accounting vs 47%) but slightly more younger arising from other factors, such for a smaller share of the income of farmers had adopted a large as the environment and growing island farmers—56% vs nearly 90%. number of innovations (33% conditions. On the mainland, vs 23%). Perhaps the expected farmers need access to innovations propensity of younger farmers to in irrigation, while on the island Access to capital innovate is confounded by their the need is for a broad base of The largest difference between relative lack of capital. Increasing innovations, not least information generations was in their access their access to capital and other on all aspects of improved to capital—financial resources, resources, especially information on production techniques. However, land and farm infrastructure— improved production techniques, looking to the future, the next with more older farmers could have a significant role to play generation of farmers is better owning land (97% compared in boosting plantain production on educated than their forebears and with 80% of younger farmers), the mainland. is highly motivated to step into having financial resources (85% plantain production. Making sure compared with 60%) and having One of the more interesting that they have access to critical farm infrastructure. Again, the survey results concerns education. resources will boost their capacity differences between generations Although more than 36% of the to innovate in plantain production were greatest on the island. young adults had a university- and do much to enhance livelihoods Overall, mainland farmers had a level education, and so have and food security in the region. The plantain-growing area of Ometepe with the volcanoes El Concepción and Maderas. 13 T. Schreiner SUStAINABLE AGRICULtURE Heavy metal snacks People everywhere In many rapidly growing cities offers. They may also have better are eating more people spend a lot of money on nutritional properties than the and more mass- snacks. ‘Experts’ may whine high-fat, energy-rich snacks they and wonder why people aren’t replace. The downside is that often produced snacks, more ‘sensible’ about their food they are being produced in garages, such as potato crisps choices, but the high price and sheds and backrooms using and sweet biscuits. demand for snacks have created uncertified production methods, opportunities that local producers and are not subject to the same Bioversity is working have been quick to exploit. Small, levels of quality control found in on local, healthier, often family-run, operations have the mass-produced commercial more nutritious and sprung up around the region, product. making a range of ‘pop-cereal’ cheaper alternatives. snacks, often from locally available grains. In Kenya, Bioversity Get the lead out has worked with partners to The kinds of problem that can develop new snacks based on occur came to light recently when local grains (see ‘Why pop just some of these small producers corn?,’ Bioversity Annual Report wanted to sell their products on 2008, pp 8–9). Now in the Andean the national market in Peru and region Bioversity is working with even to export them. This required partners to develop the markets them to submit their products for for snacks based on local crops quality testing, which revealed such as quinoa and maize. some alarming results. The good thing about these snacks Pop-cereals from Puno department is that they can create markets for of Peru contained an average locally produced crops, with all of 18 times as much lead as the the benefits that local sourcing maximum permitted by the Codex 14 Jhonny Mayta Hancco Alimentarius standards published lead. These quickly identified the finished products to ensure by the Food and Agriculture the machinery used to pop the that they meet the more stringent Organization of the United cereals as a prime suspect. These levels recommended for children Nations and the World Health machines were largely hand-made, and breastfeeding women before Organization. The levels permitted and constructed from substandard the prototype is signed off as in foods targeted at the most materials, particularly cast iron, ready for wider use. vulnerable group—women who which contains high levels of lead. are breastfeeding and children— Many of the machines even used The project is also promoting are one-tenth the ‘general’ level. lead itself to seal the door of the greater public awareness of the These products contained 180 popping chamber. problem of lead contamination times more lead than permitted! among food processors and sellers, Bioversity joined universities to encourage adoption of improved Lead is something that you really and NGOs to work with some of processing technology and better do not want in your food, especially the small-scale snack producers food-handling practices. if you are a growing child, as it to develop an improved popper disrupts the development of the made from safer materials. Initial Snacks will always be a part of nervous system. tests have shown some lead people’s diets: this project aims to contamination, possibly from make sure that locally-produced The unprocessed seeds contained the workshop environment or snacks are not only healthier but normal levels of lead, so further from the paint applied to the also contribute to dietary diversity investigations were needed to popper. Further tests are being in a good way. identify the source of the ‘extra’ run to determine lead levels in Snacks produced from local grains can be cheaper and more nutritious, but not if production facilities are poor. 15 Jhonny Mayta Hancco SUStAINABLE AGRICULtURE Seeds for Needs: climate change adaptation Climate change will ”There are known knowns. These CGIAR centres (655 000 so far and drastically affect are things we know that we know. counting) just how do you find the farming systems There are known unknowns. That most valuable ones to meet farmers’ is to say, there are things that we future needs? around the world, now know we don’t know. But and there is little there are also unknown unknowns. Seeds for Needs is the name of a time to prepare. These are things we do not know set of projects being floated to meet we don’t know.” this challenge. Bioversity has launched an approach Donald Rumsfeld’s infamous quote “We are using informatics to select to steal a march on is as true for natural systems as it crop varieties adapted to future is for global conflict. In the world climates,” explains Laura Snook of climate change by of agriculture, climate change has Bioversity. preselecting crops rapidly become a known known. It and varieties that will impact food production across The location coordinates—latitude the world; there is little doubt and longitude—for where the are likely to perform about that. Bioversity’s work has accessions were collected are well under future helped to understand the extent used as a reasonable proxy for conditions. of the difficulties (see ‘Adapting the growing conditions that suit agriculture to climate change,’ those accessions. Plugging that Bioversity Annual Report 2007, pp. information into geographical 2–4). Farmers in many places will information systems indicates need new varieties and even new the growing conditions that the crops to ensure that their growing accessions are adapted to. Climate systems remain productive. But models can then be used to ask among the myriad accessions held what the future growing conditions in trust for the global community by will be in the target areas (see, for Bioversity International and other example, ‘Mapping biodiversity 16 E. Dulloo/Bioversity International data the DIVA way,’ Bioversity “communities need to look further thirds of total dietary intake in the Annual Report 2008, pp. 14–15). than their neighbours’ fields for country. The project is working with Put the two together and you have the best-adapted seeds.” genebanks and with local partners a set of pre-adapted seeds that in PNG, including communities stand a chance of meeting needs. Varieties selected using the Seeds and women’s groups, to identify for Needs approach “will provide sweet potato and taro varieties women farmers with adapted that can withstand extremes of A winning proposal varieties to help them cope with temperature and rainfall as well as But the accessions still need to be climate change,” says Dulloo. The soil salinity and predicted shifts in tested, and this is where Seeds project will work with around pests and diseases. The varieties for Needs has already scored. A 200 vulnerable women farmers selected will then be matched with US$200 000 proposal to fund work at two target sites where durum places where they should continue with women farmers in Ethiopia wheat and barley are the basis to produce good yields under to test accessions identified by of the farming systems. Seeds predicted future conditions. the Seeds for Needs approach for Needs will develop a unique was a winner in the World Bank’s framework that combines three Local farming communities are recent Development Marketplace vital streams: available knowledge a vital element in the mix; it is, 2009, marking Bioversity’s second of the diversity of durum wheat after all, their needs that have to straight success in this competition and barley from a range of sources; be met. They will be mobilized to for innovative solutions (see ‘World an improved understanding apply their traditional knowledge, Bank invests in hunt for super- of climate-change scenarios in and they will be vital participants chocolate,’ Bioversity Annual Ethiopia; and the farmers’ own in the research to identify suitable Report 2008, pp. 24–25). experiences, indigenous knowledge varieties and then to test them. and adaptation strategies. After testing, the best-performing Ehsan Dulloo, the Bioversity and most adaptable varieties will be scientist who leads the partnership Crucially the work will help distributed to farming communities with the Institute of Biodiversity prevent women farmers—who for multiplication with the help of Conservation in Addis Ababa, also often head the family—from local agribusinesses. notes that in Ethiopia women falling deeper into poverty. are the custodians of seeds and In Ethiopia and Papua New diversity. “They have to confront Guinea, and elsewhere in the significant uncertainty in the Papua New Guinea future too, the Seeds for Needs climate every year, and regularly Elsewhere, Seeds for Needs is projects are a crucial step in face food shortages as crops fail.” also being rolled out in Papua gaining the knowledge to convert Locally available varieties may New Guinea (PNG). Sweet potato known unknowns into known no longer be able to handle the and taro are among PNG’s most knowns, and with them to gain the vagaries of the climate and meet important staple crops: sweet information needed to adapt to the food needs, and so, Dulloo says, potato alone accounts for two- challenge of climate change. A woman in the highlands of Papua New Guinea harvests her sweet potatoes. She will be helping to trial diverse varieties to ensure that her harvest remains sustainable in the face of climate change. 17 Bustin Anzu CoNSERvAtIoN AND USE Sweet taste of success for Philippines fruit project Bioversity’s For many people, the Philippines taste of success,’ Bioversity Annual established work must seem a land of plenty. The Report 2005, pp. 15–17) aimed to with lesser-known country is naturally rich in fruit break out of the cycle of neglect. It diversity, being blessed with came to an end in 2009 with a slew tropical fruits more than 300 species of fruits of successful impacts. The most to improve the and nuts. But many of them visible are the new varieties of resilience of small are still wild and have not been mangosteen and jackfruit, already brought into commerce. Only registered with the Philippines farmers can report banana, mango, pineapple and National Seed Industry Council two fresh successes. two citrus fruits—pomelo and (NSIC), but there are also new ‘Baybay Sweet’, a calamondin—are widely grown. collections, new descriptors and a To depend on a few varieties of new readiness to make better use new jackfruit variety, a few crops is inherently risky, of minor fruits and their diversity. and a mangosteen and yet agricultural research and called ‘UPLB Sweet’ development has historically been “Across the Philippines many geared towards only a handful of fruit species are threatened with emerged from species. Many minor species with genetic erosion as a result of natural a project in the great potential have not been given calamities and human activities. Philippines that due attention, which enhances the Erosion of diversity is happening domination of the few. at a very rapid pace,” said project ended in 2009. coordinator Ehsan Dulloo. While Bioversity’s project on the many collections of major and minor conservation and use of tropical tropical fruit species do exist in the fruit species diversity in the country, these are scattered and Philippines (see ‘Tropical fruit poorly documented, he noted. In project grows to maturity,’ IPGRI addition, very few of the samples Annual Report 2002, pp. 29–31 in these collections have been well and ‘Tropical fruit conservation: a characterized and evaluated for use. 18 Jonathan Pio the project partners chose to focus on four fruit crops Pili (Canarium ovatum) is the most important tree nut in the Philippines. It is commonly grown in the Bicol region, but planting is now expanding to other parts of the country. Natural populations of pili are found in forests and are threatened by human activities and natural disasters. The project has created a draft descriptor list for pili, which will help assess the diversity and make information available. Mangosteen is a generic term for the fruit of Garcinia species. There are 13 species of Garcinia indigenous to the Philippines and four introduced species. This wealth of species diversity is a clear indicator of the crop’s rich potential for development, but despite this and the huge demand for mangosteen in domestic and foreign markets mangosteen is cultivated on a very limited scale. Durian (Durio zibethinus) is also considered native to the Philippines, especially the Mindanao region. It is widely grown throughout the country but commercial production is limited to a few introduced varieties. Local varieties, which may well be better-adapted and more adaptable, are therefore threatened by replacement with the introduced varieties. A descriptor list for durian has been finalized and published. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is very popular in the Philippines. It is widely grown throughout the country, primarily as a backyard crop, and is eaten raw as a fruit and cooked as a vegetable. Most trees are grown from seedlings and are thus extremely variable. While this is a good thing in some respects, the selection and dissemination of improved varieties would help to secure farmers’ incomes. “It is therefore urgent that existing 2009 the partners identified several collections now be systematically follow-up activities during the documented, with improved final year and these will be carried guidelines for management, and forward as part of the partners’ that germplasm be characterized own activities, with some support and evaluated in order to identify from Bioversity. useful traits and new crops for local farmers,” Dulloo continued. As Ehsan Dulloo observed, “if the current efforts to conserve and The project has made good use the vast array of fruit genetic progress in collecting new material resources in the Philippines are of each of the target fruits from sustained, this project will continue farmers’ fields and from forests. to offer key plant genetic resources Field collections have been to present and future generations.” established and are being properly New tastes and new opportunities maintained by local partners. for the people of the Philippines Although the project finished in are now firmly on the menu. 19 E. Dulloo/Bioversity International Jeremy Toeman Daniel Quitoriano Alvis Upitis CoNSERvAtIoN AND USE Diversity fairs promote biodiversity conservation in Bolivia Promoting the Farmers conserve agricultural the fairs also help the project to conservation biodiversity for their own reasons, quantify the amount and type of of agricultural but it is useless to expect them to diversity used in the communities do so simply because scientists say and to document the traditional biodiversity faces it is a good idea. There have to be knowledge associated with the many challenges, incentives that the farmers find agricultural biodiversity. not least of which is rewarding. As part of a broader programme on underused species In 2009 the project organized providing incentives in South America, supported by diversity fairs in two villages in for farmers to grow IFAD (see ‘Maintaining crop and the Lake Titicaca basin: Coromata out-of-fashion crops. cultural diversity in the Andes,’ Media and Santiago de Okola. Bioversity Annual Report 2008, pp. Although the communities are 2–4), diversity fairs in Bolivia are poor and dominated by subsistence being used to raise awareness of farming, the region is a centre the diversity of crops in the area, of diversity for many important to revive old uses for them and to Andean crops including potato, find new outlets for the harvest, oca, quinoa and cañihua. For the including opportunities linked to fairs, the farmers were encouraged ecotourism. to display the diversity of crops, foods made from two Andean Partners in the project include grains—quinoa and cañihua—and PROINPA, a large Bolivian traditional products used in crop NGO, and local authorities and production. Prizes were awarded educational institutes. In addition to participants who displayed to providing farmers with an the greatest diversity. The social opportunity to share their own prestige of being recognized in this diversity, and find out about way is a strong motivator in these the diversity others appreciate, communities as in many societies. 20 W. Rojas The 84 participants at the fair in communities. Plastics and other Coromata Media displayed 161 synthetic fabrics are replacing varieties of 12 root, tuber and traditional products made from grain crops, and 25 different dishes wools, and many of the traditional made from quinoa and cañihua, products used in crop production 19 of them non-traditional dishes. are rapidly disappearing, together Crafts on show included clothes, with the knowledge and skills baskets and mats made from used in making them. These too sheep and llama wool. The 86 are part of the culture, which is participants in Santiago de Okola why they are encouraged at the displayed 131 varieties of 12 crops diversity fairs. and 16 dishes based on quinoa and cañihua, 13 of them non- “These diversity fairs are vital traditional. All of the dishes based opportunities to keep alive local on cañihua were ‘new’ dishes, traditions and preserve our reflecting the fact that the crop heritage,” said Wilfredo Rojas, is not traditionally grown in the project coordinator at PROINPA. Santiago de Okola area. In Africa, Asia and South America, diversity fairs have proved a potent Diversity on display tool for rewarding farmers for their Another component of the project is interest in agricultural biodiversity to train families in the communities and for scientists to learn more in order to broaden the range of about how it functions in particular their cooking skills and encourage communities. Bioversity and them to prepare more diverse its partners are now working and more nutritious meals. “The to find ways to encourage rural predominance of new dishes at communities to adopt diversity both sites shows that the culinary fairs as a feature of their agricultural training courses being run by the calendar. Only in this way will they project are working,” said Stefano become a self-sustaining activity Padulosi, the project coordinator. that will continue to contribute to the fight against the loss of the It isn’t only the local food crops genetic and cultural diversity so that are under pressure in these vital to food systems worldwide. W. Rojas CoNSERvAtIoN AND USE Plugging the gaps to speed the search for crop wild relatives old-fashioned plant hunters meet cutting-edge computer models in a race to identify where efforts should be concentrated and what they should be concentrated on, before environmental changes destroy the diversity that is out there. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) of diversity with other models to around the world contain predict where the missing material important genetic traits that can can be found. be used by plant breeders to improve the performance and “Searching for CWRs can be like resilience of domesticated food looking for a needle in a haystack,” crops. Many CWRs though are says Andy Jarvis, who is leading imperilled by climate change, the project at CIAT, “but help is habitat destruction, agricultural at hand.” He points to their first changes and other threats. efforts to seek out the wild relatives Furthermore, support for plant- of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea). hunting expeditions is limited. This was prompted partly by an Together, the looming threats and earlier study that showed that constant lack of resources make climate change threatened more it imperative to identify the most than half of the known wild effective collecting strategies to relatives of Arachis with extinction protect our biological heritage. within 50 years. The seeds, buried at the end of short stems, just A team of scientists from Bioversity cannot migrate quickly enough International and the International to keep up with the predicted Center for Tropical Agriculture changes in growing conditions (see (CIAT), funded by the Global Crop ‘Adapting agriculture to climate Diversity Trust, has pioneered change,’ Bioversity Annual Report an innovative way of making the 2007, pp. 2–4). search an awful lot easier. ‘Gap analysis’ combines models that “We needed a quick way of highlight the missing material in pinpointing where exactly the genebanks and other collections peanut relatives might be, so we 22 N. Palmer/CIAT ran a series of models to predict possible locations,” said Jarvis. The models indicated some very specific regions in Paraguay that were previously unexplored for wild peanuts. When the team arrived there, armed only with a GPS device and their set of predictions, they were delighted to hit the mark in 70% of cases. The models helped them to locate more than 20 previously unknown populations of wild peanut relatives, and even to discover a new species. Seed samples were taken for analysis and conservation at the national genebank in Asuncion, Paraguay’s capital city, as well as at the USDA genebank in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Encouraged by their success in searching for groundnuts, the team ran further models that successfully helped plant hunters to find wild relatives of Physalis (cape gooseberry), potato and chilli peppers. The project is now studying gaps in the coverage of wild relatives of 13 other crops. What exactly constitutes a gap? A geographic gap is an area where the geographic coverage of samples Gap analysis to assess threats to wild peanuts and wild potatoes in South conserved in genebanks is not fully America. The red tint aggregates threats representative of the entire species under-represents the number of such as climate change, deforestation, distribution. environments in which the species agriculture and urban expansion, while is known to exist. the blue and green represent accessions A taxonomic gap generally is a of wild peanuts and wild potatoes. This approach helps to target priority sites for wild relative, which may harbour And finally a rare-trait gap conservation. traits that are potentially useful to occurs when the environmental breeders, that is not adequately coverage of genebank collections represented in genebanks. does not contain the extremes of environmental distributions. A simple sampling gap reflects the fact that most studies of plant diversity and taxonomy began with Mapping priorities isolated missions to collect samples The project is now mapping out East. Of these, the Middle East is for herbaria. As a result there is a lot some geographical priorities. Some best represented in genebanks, of diversity in herbaria whose only parts of the world still contain many while the most under-represented practical use is to study taxonomic crop wild relatives that the project is sub-Saharan Africa. relations and basic environmental has identified as not well conserved and geographic characterization. in genebanks. Zones with greatest “That is where we need to focus On the assumption that herbarium richness should be prioritized for collecting efforts,” said Jarvis. collections are a reasonable indicator collecting now, they say, especially of real diversity, a sampling gap those that are most likely to be “Without the models, searching occurs when genebank accessions impacted by climatic changes for just one CWR could take a from an area under-represent the within the next 50–100 years. lifetime,” Jarvis continued. ”With herbarium holdings from that area. the models, we can pinpoint where The main diversity hotspots for they are most likely to be—and gap An environmental gap occurs crop wild relatives are in sub- analysis ensures we are collecting when the number of environments Saharan Africa, northern Australia, precisely the right material.” covered by genebank collections Central America and in the Middle 23 Andy Jarvis et al. Journal for Nature Conservation (in press) with potato and peanut added. Finance report 2009 Despite the extremely This was another challenging individuals. Bioversity International challenging global financial year for Bioversity. The (UK) was registered as a charity in financial situation, continuing uncertainty brought the UK and its founding Board of about by the impact of the global Trustees met for the first time in 2009. Bioversity finished financial crisis and the fluctuating I am pleased to note that Bioversity the year with only a Euro/US dollar exchange rates received its first donation from a UK small deficit—a major meant that finances had to be foundation at the year end. managed very carefully. At the achievement in the beginning of the year there was The financial impact of the operating circumstances. considerable risk of default from deficit has been to maintain the some of our major donors due to the ongoing economic crisis. Fortunately, in the aggregate, our core donors were able to maintain Donors supporting Bioversity their contributions to Bioversity. with unrestricted funds, However, I also have to note that we 2008 and 2009 were throughout the year interacting 2009 2008 with the Italian Government to ensure receipt of their hosting Australia 243 221 contribution to Bioversity. Belgium 1130 1148 Unfortunately negotiations were Canada 882 1152 still on going at the year’s end China 130 130 and so the realised Italian hosting contribution of €0.2 million was France 430 410 €1.2 million (US$1.5 million) less Germany 0 540 than budgeted. We are hopeful of India 75 75 bringing these negotiations to a Ireland 702 925 successful conclusion in 2010. Italy 2342 2999 When it became apparent late Japan 12 15 in the year that the hoped-for Korea, Republic of 40 50 contribution from Italy would not Malaysia 10 10 be forthcoming in 2009, we initiated efforts to reduce expenditures and Netherlands 2254 2193 make cost savings. The shortfall in Norway 825 1045 the Italian funding (US$1.5 million) Philippines 20 17 and the cost savings combined Portugal 125 275 to produce an operating deficit of US$0.5 million for 2009. Total South Africa 40 40 revenues were US$35.9 million, Sweden 754 735 with operating expenditures of Switzerland 668 685 US$36.4 million. Given the potential Thailand 10 10 difficulties we faced during the year this was a very acceptable financial United Kingdom 1652 1630 result. USA 250 350 World Bank 1680 1760 We launched a major new fund- Total - Unrestricted raising initiative in the UK in 2009, 14 274 16 415 Grants targeting foundations, trusts, the corporate sector and wealthy 24 Risk management organization’s reserves at the 82- Breakdown of total Bioversity’s Board of Trustees has day level on a reduced turnover of expenditure (%) responsibility for ensuring that US$36.4 million. This is within the an appropriate risk management CGIAR’s recommended minimum 100 system is in place that enables range of 75–90 days. Bioversity’s management to identify and liquidity reserve level of 126 days 80 take steps to mitigate significant is slightly above the CGIAR’s risks to the achievement of the recommended range of 90–120 days. organization’s objectives. 60 Gerard O’Donoghue Risk mitigation strategies are Director, Corporate Services 40 ongoing at Bioversity and include the implementation of systems of internal control which, by their Top 20 donors to Bioversity 20 nature, are designed to manage in 2009 rather than eliminate the risk. The organization also endeavours US$’000 0 2009 2008 to manage risk by ensuring that Netherlands 4 564 the appropriate infrastructure, Depreciation World Bank 3 382 Travel controls, systems and people are in Partnerships place throughout Bioversity. UNEP/GEF1 2 927 Supplies and services Personnel Belgium 2 675 The Board has adopted a risk- Italy 2 489 management policy that has European Union 2 042 been communicated to all staff together with a detailed United Kingdom 1 652 management guideline. The Switzerland 1 343 policy includes a framework by Germany 1 096 which Bioversity’s management Canada 1 083 identifies, evaluates and prioritizes risks and opportunities across Global Crop Diversity Trust 958 the organization; develops risk- Norway 926 mitigation strategies that balance Sweden 774 benefits with costs; monitors USAID 750 the implementation of these strategies; and reports on results, Ireland 702 in conjunction with finance and IFAD 563 administration staff and internal CFC2 553 audit, semi-annually to a Task SSA CP3 508 Group of the Board and annually to the full Board. France 430 Austria 374 The Board is satisfied that 1 United Nations Environment Programme/ Bioversity has adopted and Global Environment Facility implements a comprehensive risk- 2 Common Fund for Commodities 3 Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Programme management system. 25 Restricted For the Year Ended December 31, 2009 grants 2009 (US dollar 000s) ACIAR Brazil Mitigating the threat of banana Fusarium Establishment of the International Coconut wilt: Understanding the agro-ecological Genebank for South America and the distribution of pathogenic forms and Caribbean 50 developing disease management strategies 50 Coffee cryopreservation 20 Integrated crop production of bananas to Amazon Initiative research activities 17 manage wilt diseases for improved livelihoods in Indonesia and Australia 231 Subtotal 87 Subtotal 281 CAPRi Alliance of the CGIAR Centers Agrobiodiversity conservation service and implications for collective action and Central Advisory Service on Intellectual property rights 29 Property—CAS-IP 154 CATIE ASARECA Assessing the impact of value-chain approaches Enhanced management of banana xanthomonas on rural poverty and the environment 6 wilt for sustainable banana productivity in East and Central Africa—USAID portion 59 CFC Enhanced management of banana xanthomonas Cocoa productivity and quality improvement: A wilt for sustainable banana productivity in East participatory approach 104 and Central Africa—World Bank portion 49 Promotion of exports of organic bananas in Ethiopia and Sudan 449 Subtotal 108 Subtotal 553 Austria Developing training capacity and human CGIAR CSO Programme resources management of forest biodiversity 197 Native cacao in northern Ecuador: Using native Sustainable futures for indigenous smallholders cacao to reduce poverty and conservation in Nicaragua: Harnessing the high-value of globally important biodiversity in northern potential of native cacao diversity 79 Ecuador 10 Development of strategies for the conservation China and sustainable use of Prunus africana to Strengthening the research capacity on improve the livelihood of small-scale farmers 38 agricultural biodiversity and updating facilities Growing bananas with trees and livestock: and related projects at the CAAS–Bioversity Young farmer business groups improve crop Centre of Excellence for Agrobiodiversity 69 and natural resource health and market links Christensen Fund for rural well-being 60 A voice for Vavilov: Using modern means of Subtotal 374 communication to address cultural and Belgium agricultural biodiversity and promote a global conversation 13 Improving agriculture-based livelihoods in Central Africa through sustainably increased system Establishment of a Platform for Agrobiodiversity productivity to enhance income, nutrition Research—web-based framework security, and the environment—CIALCA I 131 for participatory interaction on seeds conservation and use of agrobiodiversity by Improving agriculture-based livelihoods in Central communities to manage climate change 65 Africa through sustainably increased system productivity to enhance income, nutrition Reviving biocultural heritage: Strengthening security, and the environment—CIALCA II 710 the socio-economic and cultural basis of Support for maintaining the International Musa agrobiodiversity management for development Collection 704 in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, Phase III 80 Subtotal 1545 Climate change and indigenous communities: Strengthening adaptability, resilience and innovation 60 Subtotal 218 26 CIAT FAO Amazon Initiative Ecoregional Program (AI-EP) 23 Using markets to promote the sustainable utilization of crop genetic resources 2 CIDA Global Plan of Action implementation in Corporate web projects: CMS, knowledge- selected sub-Saharan Africa countries 9 sharing platforms and interactive web sites 50 Expert consultation: Planning and execution of CGIAR–Canada linkage fund: Understanding an e-learning course on prebreeding 15 and managing the genetic diversity of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) for its improvement 77 Participation in the advocacy platform for the CIARD 14 Subtotal 86 The use and exchange of forest genetic resources CIMMYT (FGR) relevant for food and agriculture 55 Technical support for uploading on SGRP Support of the development of a global Knowledge Bank Portal information materials information system on germplasm 66 related to crop best practices including Capacity-building programme on the procedures and guidelines for the safe implementation of the International Treaty movement of germplasm 34 on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA) and its Multilateral CIRAD System of Access and Benefit-sharing (MLS) Structural, functional and comparative in particular 56 annotation platform dedicated to plants’ and Enhanced information system for bio-energy their bioaggressors’ genomes 1 crops suitability assessment, the promotion COL of agrobiodiversity for sustainable production Learning agrobiodiversity: Options for universities intensification, and preparing a policy paper in sub-Saharan Africa (ABD in SSA) 5 on agriculture for CSD 17 97 CTA Expert consultation on climate change and biodiversity for food and agriculture 45 CTA support regional workshop on learning agrobiodiversity: Options for universities in Manual of in situ conservation of crop wild sub-Saharan Africa/ABD workshop 20 relatives 10 State of the Worlds' Forest Genetic Resources: Participatory decision-making workshop: 2 workshops 30 Strengthening the human resource capacity The impact of climate change on genetic of ACP organisations in information resources for food and agriculture 56 and communication management in the agriculture and rural development sectors 10 Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 FAO SOW-PGRFA 35 Subtotal 531 Subtotal 30 Finland European Commission Associate Expert—Forestry in APO 73 Conserving and promoting the use of resources of commodity crops 1175 FONTAGRO Conservation and sustainable use of the forest Plantain technological innovations in production, and other wild species 474 processing and marketing: Improving the quality of life in rural communities in four Latin Establishment of a European Information American and Caribbean countries 126 System on Forest Genetic Resources (EUFGIS) 191 Soil quality and health of bananas in Latin America and the Caribbean 8 Evoltree network of excellence 202 Subtotal 134 Subtotal 2042 Gates Foundation European Countries Agricultural Geospatial Information Leveraging ECPGR—Phase VIII 636 Environment (AGILE) 190 EUFORGEN—Phase III 326 Subtotal 962 27 Restricted grants 2009 Global Crop Diversity Trust IFAD Crop-specific regeneration guidelines 16 Programme for strengthening the income Regeneration and safety duplication of regionally opportunities and nutritional security of prioritized crop collections: REDARFIT 10 the rural poor through neglected and underutilized species (NUS II) 378 Regeneration of accessions in the International Technical support to IFAD's Technical Advisory Coconut Genebank for Africa and the Indian Division—sixth and seventh contracts 78 Ocean 10 Agricultural biodiversity—the foundation of our The long-term funding of ex situ collections of future 102 germplasm held by Bioversity International 110 Programme for overcoming poverty in coconut- Conserving banana diversity for use in perpetuity 188 growing communities: Coconut genetic Development and refinement of cryopreservation resources for sustainable livelihoods 5 protocols for the long-term conservation of Subtotal 563 vegetatively-propagated crops 50 IFAR GRENEWECA 28 2009 Fellowship—Uganda: “Impact of the in ALIS—Global system for information exchange situ conservation of bananas in East Africa” 11 for the conservation and use of plant genetic 2009 Fellowship—Ghana: “Assessing molecular resources for food and agriculture 476 marker tools for the establishment of plantain ECPGR: Regeneration and safety duplication of genetic diversity in Ghana” 11 regionally prioritized crop collections 70 Subtotal 22 Subtotal 958 Institute of International Education GRDC Diversity for Life: A global campaign for Vavilov-Frankel fellowships 22 agricultural biodiversity, conference at the GTZ / BMZ Bellagio Conference Center from July 14th to July 18th, 2009 3 Postdoctoral project: Assessing the contribution International Foundation for Science (IFS) of diversified Musa genetic resources to poverty reduction, environmental sustainability Proposal writing workshop on neglected and and gender equality in rural communities 72 underutilized species of plants 5 Publication of “Gene flow between Crops and International Organization Development (IOD) their Wild Relatives in Centres of Crop Origin ILAC initiative: Impact evaluation research and Diversity” 5 scoping study and project design 36 Promotion of neglected indigenous vegetable Italy crops for nutritional health in eastern and Associate Expert—Institutional Learning and southern Africa—Phase II 33 Change 49 Improving small farm production and Associate Expert—2010 campaign 98 marketing of bananas under trees: Resource Subtotal 147 partitioning, living soils, cultivar choice and marketing strategies 217 Japan Utilizing genetic resources 308 JIRCAS—Community assessment for agrobiodiversity use and conservation in Kenya 2 Conserving genetic resources 230 JIRCAS—Community-based assessment of Genetic resources policies 231 local seed exchange and social networking Subtotal 1096 system in Kitui District, Kenya 3 ICARDA JIRCAS—Characterization and evaluation of the genetic diversity of neglected and Musa crop register activity 18 underutilized crops in Malaysia 2 IDRC Community plant genetic resources use and Managing agriculture for better nutrition and conservation in East Africa 168 health, improved livelihoods and more JIRCAS—Assessment for farmer's crop sustainable production system in SSA 115 diversity management and use in Kenya 2 Subtotal 177 28 Korea, Republic of Associate Expert—Conservation and sustainable Associate Scientist 120 use of cultivated and wild tropical fruit diversity: Promoting sustainable livelihoods, Associate Scientist—operational fund 31 food security and ecosystem health 67 Documentation of useful plant genetic resources in Asia-Pacific-Oceania region 23 Innovating for sustainable poverty reduction 625 Central Advisory Service on Intellectual Subtotal 174 Property—CAS-IP 1014 LIBIRD Subtotal 2310 Promoting new rice and legume varieties from client-oriented breeding 9 Nordgen Luxembourg PhD student 101 NZAID Conservation, characterization and evaluation for nutrition and health of vegetatively Pacific Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources propagated crop collections at the Vavilov Network (Papgren)—Phase II 27 Institute 305 Peru Malaysia Development of Andean grain crops with Conservation and use of rare tropical fruit potential for ensuring people's nutrition and species diversity with potential for enhanced poverty alleviation 3 use in Malaysia 30 Policies that promote the use of Peruvian Conservation of rare and endemic dipterocarps agrobiodiversity and local technological in Malaysia 8 innovation, with a base in genetic resources, Enhancing sustainable forest management and to overcome poverty, malnutrition and food conservation strategies through genetic- insecurity in Peru 2 level research using Shorea leprosula and S. Subtotal 5 parvifolia as model species 25 Philippines Subtotal 63 Coconut-based diversification to reduce Multi-Donors to CacaoNet1 poverty in coconut-growing communities 9 Support to CacaoNet expenditure 14 Pioneer Multi-Donors to CAS-IP2 Vavilov-Frankel Fellowship 10 Consultancy services for inter-centre Agrobiodiversity in Mesoamerica—from genes collaboration 55 to landscapes: The 6th Henry A. Wallace Multi-Donors to CGIAR-ICT/KM Coordination3 Inter-American Scientific Conference, 23–25 March 2010 3 Chief Information Officer expenditure 304 Subtotal 13 Netherlands Portugal Associate Expert—Management of forest genetic resources 89 Conservation strategies and the role of forest genetic resources in Mozambique 93 Associate Expert—Nutrition 86 SDC Associate Expert—Economic and social aspects of agrobiodiversity 103 Strengthening the scientific basis of in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity— Associate Expert—Assessing the potential Phase V 212 contribution of banana-based production systems to improve nutrition 103 System-wide Genetic Resources Programme 272 Associate Expert—Communicating System-wide PGR Policy Research Unit, CGIAR agrobiodiversity science for problem-based and SGRP 191 learning 104 Subtotal 675 Associate Expert—Platform for Agricultural SIDA Biodiversity Research 119 ASARECA technical backstopping to EAPGREN 20 29 Restricted grants 2009 Spain Collective action for the rehabilitation of global public goods in the CGIAR genetic resources Management, improvement and conservation system—Phase II (GPG 2) 1113 of forest genetic resources in sub-Saharan Africa 2 Development marketplace: Modern genomics methods benefiting small farmers' value chain 126 Strengthening regional collaboration in conservation and sustainable use of forest System-wide and ecoregional program 292 genetic resources in Latin America and sub- Subtotal 1702 Saharan Africa 185 Institutional strengthening for sustainable Subtotal Temporary Restricted Grants 20 719 resource use in the Amazon region 29 Subtotal 216 Challenge Programs Syngenta Generation Challenge Program PACS Programme: Agrobiodiversity Musa genome frame-map construction and conservation services 65 connection with the rice sequence 3 Uganda Development of Generation Challenge Program Novel approaches to the improvement of domain models and ontologies 9 banana production in Eastern Africa: The Large-scale phylogenomic analyses to gene application of biotechnological methodologies 317 function prediction for Generation Challenge UNEP-GEF Program crops 111 In situ conservation of crop wild relatives Development of data standards and community through enhanced information management of practice enabling the capture of and and field application 391 access to GCP quality data sets 95 Conservation and use of crop genetic diversity Development of an integrated GCP informatics to control pests and diseases—Phase 1 1032 platform 50 In situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity Subtotal 268 (horticultural crops and wild fruit species) in HarvestPlus Challenge Program Central Asia 985 Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in urban Conservation and sustainable use of cultivated and peri-urban populations in West and and wild tropical fruit diversity: Promoting Central Africa through Musa-based foods sustainable livelihoods, food security and (amendment 3) 17 ecosystem services 519 Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in sub- Subtotal 2927 Saharan Africa through Musa-based foods USA (amendment 5) 22 2009 bridge funding for support of highest Subtotal 39 priority CGIAR research 500 Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program USDA Improving human nutrition and income through Collaboration with Bioversity International to integrated agricultural research on production support research and conservation of crop and marketing of vegetables in Malawi and genetic resources 4 Mozambique 508 Support to CacaoNet and INGENIC activities 63 Subtotal Challenge Programs 815 Subtotal 67 Wageningen University Total Restricted Grants 21 534 Feasibility study for the pesticide reduction plan for banana 2 World Bank 1. The following provided support for CacaoNet: Cocoa Research CGIAR Genetic Resources Policy Committee 75 Association, Mars, Inc and World Cocoa Foundation. 2. The following provided support for CAS-IP: AVRDC and ICRISAT. Central Advisory Services on Intellectual 3. The following provided support for CGIAR-ICT/KM coordination: Property (CAS-IP) 96 Alliance of the CGIAR Centers and World Bank. 30 Selected publications Bioversity publications Peer reviewed publications • Bioversity Annual Report 2008 • Achigan-Dako GE, Avohou TH, Ahouanmagnagahou RA, Vodouhe SR • Geneflow 2009 and Ahanchede A. 2009. Viability response of cucurbit seeds (Citrillus • A Strategic Framework for the Implementation of a European lanatus subsp. mucospermus, Cucumeropsis mannii and Lageneria Genebank Integrated System (AEGIS) – A policy guide (with ECPGR) siceraria) stored under various moisture content and temperature • An IPM Guide for Enset Root Mealybug (Cataenococcus ensete) in conditions. Seed Science and Technology 37(2):520–526. Enset Production (with VVOB) • Adeka R, Maundu P and Imbumi M. 2009. Significance of African • Bridging Managed and Natural Landscapes: The role of traditional traditional foods in Nairobi city markets, Kenya. Acta Horticulturae (agri)culture in maintaining the diversity and resilience of natural 806:451–458. ecosystems (with The Christensen Fund and SNSF) • Aerts R, Volkaert H, Roongruangsree N, Roongruangsree UT, • Coconut Recipes from Around the World (with COGENT) Swennen R and Muys B. 2009. Site requirements of the endangered • Crop Genetic Resources in European Home Gardens. Proceedings rosewood Dalbergia oliveri in tropical deciduous forest, northern of a Workshop, 3–4 October 2007, Ljubljana, Slovenia (with ECPGR, Thailand. Forest Ecology and Management 259(5):117–123. Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, CRA and ARSSA) • Aikpokpodion PO, Motamayor JC, Adetimirin VO, Adu-Ampomah Y, • Cryopreservation of Musa germplasm (2nd ed.) (with CTA) Ingelbrecht I, Eskes AB, Schnell RJ and Kolesnikova-Allen M. 2009. • Descriptors for farmers’ knowledge of plants (with The Christensen Fund) Genetic diversity assessment of sub-samples of cacao, Theobroma • European Landraces: On-farm conservation, management and use cacao L. collections in West Africa using simple sequence repeats (with ECPGR) marker. Tree Genetics and Genomes 5:699–711. • Forest Genetic Resources Conservation and Management: Status • Anikwe JC, Omoloye AA, Aikpokpodion PO, Okelana FA and Eskes in seven South and Southeast Asian countries (with FRIM, APAFRI AB. 2009. Evaluation of resistance in selected cocoa genotypes to and ITTO) the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund in Nigeria. • Key access and utilization descriptors for banana, barley (with Crop Protection 28(4):350–355. ICARDA), bean (with CIAT), breadfruit (with the National Tropical • Assogbadjo A, Kyndt T, Hardy O, Glele Kakai R, Sinsin B, van Botanical Garden, USA), cassava (with CIAT), coconut (with CIRAD), Damme P and Gheysen G. 2009. Spatial genetic structure cultivated potato (with CIP), faba bean (with ICARDA), Lathyrus spp. of baobab (Adansonia digitata, Malvaceae) in the traditional (with ICARDA), maize (with CIMMYT), rice (with IRRI), taro, wheat agroforestry systems of West Africa. American Journal of Botany (with CIMMYT) and yam (with IITA) 96(5):950–957. • Learning Agrobiodiversity: Options for universities in sub-Saharan • Bellon MR, Barrientos-Priego AF, Colunga-GarciaMarin P, Perales Africa. Proceedings of a regional workshop, 21–23 January 2009, H, Reyes Aguero JA, Serna RR and Zizumbo-Villarreal D. 2009. Nairobi, Kenya (with ANAFE, ASARECA, COL, CTA and FAO) Diversidad y conservacion de recursos geneticos en plantas • Learning Agrobiodiversity: The importance of agricultural cultivadas [Diversity and conservation of genetic resources and biodiversity and the role of universities (also in Spanish) cultivated plants]. In: Sarukhán J, coordinador general. Capital • Report of a Task Force on On-farm Conservation and Management. natural de Mexico. II. Estado de conservacion y tendencias de Third Meeting, 2–3 October 2007, Ljubliana, Slovenia (with ECPGR) cambio. CONABIO, Mexico. pp. 355–382. • Report of a Vegetables Network. Second meeting, 26–28 June 2007, • Bhullar N, Street K, Mackay M, Yahiaoui N and Keller B. 2009. Olomouc, Czech Republic (with ECPGR) Unlocking wheat genetic resources for the molecular identification • Report of a Working Group on Beta and the World Beta Network. of previously undescribed functional alleles at the Pm3 resistance Third joint meeting, 8–11 March 2006, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, locus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA Spain (with ECPGR) 106(23):9519–9524. • Report of a Working Group on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Second • Blomme G, Turyageyenda LF, Mukasa H, Ssekiwoko F, Mpirra Meeting, 16–18 December 2004, Strumica, Macedonia FYR. Third S and Eden-Green S. 2009. The effect of the prompt removal of Meeting, 26–28 June 2007, Olomouc, Czech Republic (with ECPGR) inflorescence-infected plants and early debudding of inflorescences • The Transition of Maca from Neglect to Market Prominence: Lessons on the control of Xanthomonas wilt of banana. Acta Horticulturae for improving use strategies and market chains of minor crops (with 828:51–56. CIP and GFU) • Boscolo M, Snook L and Quevedo L. 2009. Adoption of sustainable forest management practices in Bolivian timber concessions: a quantitative assessment. International Forestry Review 2(4):99–108. 31 Selected publications • Bragdon S, Jarvis DI, Gauchan D, Mar I, Hue NN, Balma D, Collado • Dulloo E, Ebert AW, Dussert S, Gotor E, Astorga C, Vasquez N, L, Latournerie L, Sthapit BR, Sadiki M, Fadda C and Ndungu-Skilton Rakotomalala JJ, Rabemiafara A, Eira M, Bellachew B, Omondi C, J. 2009. The agricultural biodiversity policy development process: Engelmann F, Anthony F, Watts J, Qamar Z and Snook L. 2009. Cost exploring means of policy development to support the on-farm efficiency of cryopreservation as a long-term conservation method management of crop genetic diversity. International Journal of for coffee genetic resources. Crop Science 49(6):2123–2138. Biodiversity Science & Management 5(1):10–20. • Ekesa BN. 2009. Agricultural biodiversity for food and nutrient • Chaves NP, Pocasangre LE, Elango F, Rosales FE and Sikora R. security: The Kenyan perspective. International Journal of 2009. Combining endophytic fungi and bacteria for the biocontrol of Biodiversity and Conservation 1(7):208–214. Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne and for effects on plant growth. • Ekue MRM, Gailing O, Finkeldey R and Eyog-Matig O. 2009. Scientia Horticulturae 122(3):472–478. Indigenous knowledge, traditional management and genetic • Croes E, Gebruers K, Carpentier S, Swennen R, Robben J, Laukens diversity of the endogenous agroforestry species ackee (Blighia K, Witters E, Delcour JA and Courtin CM. 2009. A quantitative sapida) in Benin. Acta Horticulturae 806:655–661. portrait of three xylanase inhibiting protein families in different wheat • Galeano G, Scheldeman XA, de la Barra NB and Cuellar S. 2009. cultivars using 2D-DIGE and multivariate statistical tools. Journal of Metodologia aplicada para la evaluacion del grado de amenaza Proteomics 72(3):484–500. de los parientes silvestres de cultivos contenidos en este [Applied • Davey MW, Graham NS, Vanholme B, Swennen R, May ST and methods for the threat assessment of crop wild relatives contained Keulemans J. 2009. Heterologous oligonucleotide microarrays for in this book]. In: Mora A, Zapata Ferrufino B, Hunter D, Navarro G, transcriptomics in a non-model species; a proof-of-concept study of Galeano G, Apaza KS, Baudoin MJ, Dulloo ME, Cuellar S, Beck SG, drought stress in Musa. BMC Genomics 10:436. Ferreira W and Scheldeman XA, editors. Libro Rojo de parientes • Davey MW, Saeys W, Hof E, Ramon H, Swennen R and Keulemans silvestres de cultivos de Bolivia [Red book for crop wild relatives of J. 2009. Application of visible and near-infrared reflectance Bolivia]. VMABCC, La Paz, Bolivia. pp. 55–70. spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS) to determine carotenoid contents in banana • Georget F, Engelmann F, Domergue R and Cote F. 2009. Morpho- (Musa spp.) fruit pulp. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry histological study of banana (Musa spp. cv. Grande Naine). 57(5):1742–1751. CryoLetters 30(6):398–407. • Davey MW, van den Bergh I, Markham R, Swennen R and • Giulianni A, Karagoz A and Zencirci N. 2009. Emmer (Triticum Keulemans J. 2009. Genetic variability in Musa fruit provitamin dicoccon) production and market potential in marginal mountainous A carotenoids, lutein and mineral micronutrient contents. Food areas of Turkey. Mountain Research and Development 29(3):220–229. Chemistry 115(3):806–813. • Gonzalez-Arnao MT, Lazaro-Vallejo CE, Engelmann F, Gamez- • de Caluwe E, de Smedt S, Assogbadjo A, Samson R, Sinsin B Pastrana R, Martinez-Ocampo YM, Pastelin-Solano MC and and van Damme P. 2009. Ethnic differences in use value and use Diaz-Ramos C. 2009. Multiplication and cryopreservation of vanilla patterns of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in northern Benin. African (Vanilla planifolia ‘Andrews’). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Journal of Ecology 47(3):433–440. Biology – Plant 45(5):574–582. • de Capdeville G, Souza Junior MT, Szinay D, Diniz LEC, Wijnker E, • Gotor E. 2009. The reform of the EU sugar trade preferences Swennen R, Kema GHJ and de Jong H. 2009. The potential of high- toward developing countries in light of the economic partnership resolution BAC-FISH in banana breeding. Euphytica 166(3):431–443. agreements. The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and • Derwisch S, Schwendenmann L, Olschewski R and Holscher D. Trade Policy 10(2):15–29. 2009. Estimation and economic evaluation of aboveground carbon • Henson-Apollonio V. 2009. Case 10. The International Treaty on storage of Tectona grandis plantations in western Panama. New Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). Forests 37(3):227–240. The Standard Transfer Agreement as implementation of a limited • Douthwaite B, Alvarez S, Keatinge JDH, MacKay R, Thiele G and compensatory liability regime. In: van Overwalle G, editor. Gene Watts J. 2009. Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent pools, and research priority assessment. In: Raitzer D, editor. Prioritizing clearinghouses, open source models and liability regimes. Agricultural Research for Development. CABI Publishing, Cambridge University Press, UK. pp. 289–293. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. pp. 8–24. • Hermann M and Bernet T. 2009. Maca—from neglect to market • Drucker AG and Rodriguez LC. 2009. Development, intensification prominence. In: Plants, People and Nature—Benefit Sharing in and the conservation and sustainable use of farm animal genetic Practice. AAMPS, Port Louis, Mauritius. pp. 101–106. resources. In: Kontoleon A, Pascual U and Smale M, editors. • Hermann M. 2009. The impact of the European Novel Food Agrobiodiversity, Conservation and Economic Development. Regulation on trade and food innovation based on traditional plant Routledge, Abingdon, UK. pp. 92–109. foods from developing countries. Food Policy 34:499–507. 32 • Hoeschle-Zeledon I, Padulosi S, Giuliani A and Al-Haj Ibrahim • Molina AB, Fabregar E, Sinohin VG, Yi G and Viljoen A. 2009. Recent U. 2009. Making the most of wild and relict species. Bocconea occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in 23:129–143. Asia. Acta Horticulturae 828:109–115. • Hunter D and Dulloo ME. 2009. Listas Rojas para fortalecer la • Molina AB, Sinohin VGO, dela Cueva FM, Esguerra AV, Crusido conservacion in situ de los parientes silvestres de cultivos— SS, Vida E, Temanel BE, Anit EA and Eusebio JE. 2009. Managing Enfoque de un proyecto global [Red Lists to improve the in situ banana bunchy top virus in smallholdings in the Philippines. Acta conservation of crop wild relatives—Focus of a global project]. Horticulturae 828:383–387. In: Mora A, Zapata Ferrufino B, Hunter D, Navarro G, Galeano G, • Mora A, Zapata Ferrufino B, Hunter D, Navarro G, Galeano G, Apaza Apaza KS, Baudoin MJ, Dulloo ME, Cuellar S, Beck SG, Ferreira KS, Baudoin MJ, Dulloo ME, Cuellar S, Beck SG, Ferreira W and W and Scheldeman XA, editors. Libro Rojo de parientes silvestres Scheldeman XA. 2009. Libro Rojo de parientes silvestres de cultivos de cultivos de Bolivia [Red book for crop wild relatives of Bolivia]. de Bolivia [Red book for crop wild relatives of Bolivia]. VMABCC, La VMABCC, La Paz, Bolivia. pp. 40–48. Paz, Bolivia. 344 pp. • Jaenicke H, Guarino L, Dawson IK and Hermann M. 2009. Impacts • Muasya R, Simiyu J, Muui C, Rao N, Dulloo M and Gohole L. 2009. of underutilized plant species promotion on biodiversity. Acta Overcoming seed dormancy in Cleome gynandra L. to improve Horticulturae 806:621–628. germination. Seed Technology 31(2):134–143. • Jones D and van den Bergh I, editors. 2009. Proceedings of the • Nithya Devi A, Ponnuswami V, Sundararaju P, van den Bergh I and International Symposium on Recent Advances in Banana Crop Kavino M. 2009. Histopathological changes in banana roots caused Protection for Sustainable Production and Improved Livelihoods. by Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus Acta Horticulturae 828. International Society for Horticultural similis, and identification of RAPD markers associated with P. Science, Leuwen, Belgium. 427 pp. coffeae resistance. Acta Horticulturae 828:283–290. • Karamura E, Turyagyenda F, Tinzaara W, Muhangi J, Blomme G and • Padulosi S, Bhag Mal, Bala Ravi S, Gowda J, Gowda KTK, Shantha Maina-Mwangi F. 2009. Participatory monitoring and evaluation of G, Kumar, Yenagi N and Dutta M. 2009. Food security and climate management strategies to control Xanthomonas wilt of banana in change: role of plant genetic resources of minor millets. Indian East and Central Africa. Acta Horticulturae 828:405–410. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 22(1):1–16. • Keleman A, Hellin J and Bellon M. 2009. Maize diversity, agricultural • Pandey M and Geburek T. 2009. Genetic differences between policy, and farmers’ practices: lessons from Chiapas, Mexico. continuous and disjunct populations: some insights from sal (Shorea Geographical Journal 175(1):52–70. robusta Roxb.) in Nepal. Conservation Genetics Online First. DOI: • Kim H, Lee Y, Park S, Lee S, Baek H, Cho E and Engelmann F. 2009. 10.1007/s10592-009-9940-y Development of alternative loading solutions in droplet-vitrification • Rey H, Faloci M, Medina R, Dolce N, Mroginski L and Engelmann procedures. CryoLetters 30(3):291–299. F. 2009. Cryopreservation of in vitro grown shoot tips and apical • Kim H, Lee Y, Shin D, Ko H, Gwag J, Cho E and Engelmann F. 2009. meristems of the forage legume Arachis pintoi. CryoLetters Development of alternative plant vitrification solutions in droplet- 30(5):347–358. vitrification procedures. CryoLetters 30(5):320–334. • Rojas W, Valdivia R, Padulosi S, Pinto M, Soto JL, Alcocer E, Guzman • Kruijssen F, Giuliani A and Sudha M. 2009. Marketing underutilized L, Estrada R, Apaza V and Bravo R. 2009. From neglect to limelight: crops to sustain agrobiodiversity and improve livelihoods. Acta issues, methods and approaches in enhancing sustainable conservation Horticulturae 806:415–422. and use of Andean grains in Bolivia and Peru. Journal of Agriculture and • Leibing C, van Zonneveld M, Jarvis A and Dvorak W. 2009. Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 92:87–115. Adaptation of tropical and subtropical pine plantation forestry to • Roux NS, Toloza A, Strosse H, Busogoro JP and Dolezel J. 2009. climate change: realignment of Pinus patula and Pinus tecunumanii Induction and selection of potentially useful mutants in banana. Acta genotypes to 2020 planting site climates. Scandinavian Journal of Horticulturae 828:315–322. Forest Research 24(6):483–493. • Salcedo J, Baena M, Scheldeman X, Vinceti B and Willemen L. • Liyama M, Kristjanson P, Ogutu J, Maitima J, Kariuki P, Morimoto Y 2009. Survey on conservation and use of forest genetic resources and Baur H. 2009. Development challenges and natural resources in in Latin America. Investigacion Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos rural Africa. In: Pauling JB, editor. Natural Resources: Management, Forestales 18(2):132–139. economic development and protection. Nova Science Publishers, • Salcedo JM, Lepiz IR, Castaneda AN, Ocampo NC and Debouck Hauppage, NY, USA. DG. 2009. Additional observations about Phaseolus rotundatus • Markham R. 2009. Managing diseases and pests of banana: the way (Fabaceae), an endemic bean species from western Mexico. Journal ahead? Acta Horticulturae 828:417–427. of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2):751–762. 33 Selected publications • Sanchez-Romero C, Swennen R and Panis B. 2009. • van Treuren T, Engels JMM, Hoekstra R and van Hintum ThJL. Cryopreservation of olive embryogenic cultures. CryoLetters 2009. Optimization of the composition of crop collections for ex 30(5):359–372. situ conservation. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and • Santos E, Remy S, Thiry E, Windelinckx S, Swennen R and Sági Utilization 7(2):185–193. L. 2009. Characterization and isolation of a T-DNA tagged banana • van Zonneveld M, Jarvis A, Dvorak W, Lema G and Leibing C. promoter active during in vitro culture and low temperature stress. 2009. Climate change impact predictions on Pinus patula and Pinus BMC Plant Biology 9:77. tecunumanii populations in Mexico and Central America. Forest • Smale M, Hazell P, Hodgkin T and Fowler C. 2009. Do we have Ecology and Management 257(7):1566–1576. an adequate global strategy for securing the biodiversity of major • van Zonneveld M, Koskela J, Vinceti B and Jarvis A. 2009. Impact food crops? In: Kontoleon A, Pascual U and Smale M, editors. of climate change on the distribution of tropical pines in Southeast Agrobiodiversity, Conservation and Economic Development. Asia. Unasylva 60(231/232):24–29. Routledge, Abingdon, UK. pp. 40–50. • Vrydaghs L, Ball T, Volkaert H, van den Houwe I, Manwaring J, • Smith FI and Longvah T. 2009. Mainstreaming the use of nutrient- de Langhe E. 2009. Differentiating the volcaniform phytoliths of rich underutilized plant food resources in diets can positively impact bananas: Musa acuminata. Ethnobotany Research and Applications on family food and nutrition security – data from northeast India and 7:239–246. West Africa. Acta Horticulturae 806:375–384. • Wale E, Chishakwe N and Lewis-Lettington R. 2009. Cultivating • Snook L, Hodgkin T, Jarvis D, Hunter D, Drucker A and Traficanti H. participatory policy processes for genetic resources policy: 2009. Building blocks for crops: plant genetic diversity. In: McNeely lessons from the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative (GRPI) project. J, Mittermeier RA, Brooks TM, Boltz F and Ash N, editors. The Biodiversity and Conservation 18(1):1–18. Wealth of Nature. Ecosystem services, biodiversity and human well- • Walpole M, Rosamunde E, Almond A, Besancon C, Butchart SHM, being. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA. pp. 253–258. Campbell-Lendrum D, Carr GM, Collen B, Collette L, Davidson NC, • Staver C. 2009. Increasing the pro-poor impact of banana crop Dullo E, Fazel AM, Galloway JN, Gill M, Goverse T, Hockings M, protection strategies: knowing our clients, involving new players and Leaman DJ, Morgan DHW, Revenga C, Rickwood CJ, Schutyser F, linking more effectively. Acta Horticulturae 828:361–374. Simons S, Stattersfield AJ, Tyrrell TD, Vié J-C and Zimsky M. 2009. • Stromberg PM, Pascual U and Bellon MR. 2009. Ethnicity, Tracking progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target and beyond. agrobiodiversity and local seed systems in the Amazons. In Science 325:1503–1505. Hermann M, Amaya K, Latournerie L and Castiñeiras L, editors. • Wang QC, Panis B, Engelmann F, Lambardi M and Valkonen J. 2009. ¿Como Conservan los Agricultores sus Semillas en el Tropico Cryotherapy of shoot tips: a technique for pathogen eradication Humedo de Cuba, Mexico y Peru? Experiencias de un proyecto de to produce healthy planting materials and prepare healthy plant investigacion en sistemas informales de semillas de chile, frijoles y genetic resources for cryopreservation. Annals of Applied Biology maiz. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. pp. 123–142. 154:351–363. • Stuckens J, Somers B, Verstraeten W, Swennen R and Coppin P. • Zander KK, Drucker AG and Holm-Muller K. 2009. Costing the 2009. Evaluation and normalization of cloud obscuration related conservation of animal genetic resources: The case of Borana cattle BRDF effects in field spectroscopy. Remote Sensing 1(3):496–519. in Ethiopia and Kenya. Journal of Arid Environments 73:550–556. • Stuckens J, Verstraeten WW, Delalieux S, Swennen R and Coppin • Zander KK, Drucker AG, Holm-Mueller K and Simianer H. 2009. P. 2009. A dorsiventral leaf radiative transfer model: development, Choosing the “cargo” for Noah’s ark – Applying Weitzman’s validation and improved model inversion techniques. Remote approach to Borana cattle in East Africa. Ecological Economics Sensing of Environment 113(12):2560–2573. 68(7):2051–2057. • Tinzaara W, Kiggundu A, Gold CS, Tushemereirwe WK and • zum Felde A, Mendoza A, Cabrera JA, Kurtz A, Schouten A, Karamura EB. 2009. Management options for highland banana Pocasangre L and Sikora RA. 2009. The burrowing nematode pests and diseases in East and Central Africa. Outlooks on Pest of banana: strategies for controlling the uncontrollable. Acta Management 20(5):204–208. Horticulturae 828:101–107. • Tuxill J, Arias Reyes L, Latournerie Moreno L, Cob Uicab V and Jarvis DI. 2009. All maize is not equal: maize variety choices and Mayan foodways in contemporary rural Yucatan, Mexico. In: Staller J and Carrasco M, editors. Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary approaches to food, culture, and markets in ancient Mesoamerica. Springer, New York, USA. pp. 467–486. 34 Projects Project F01: Enhancing the and consortia, and facilitates IP) and provides the secretariat contribution of agricultural consensus building through action- for the Genetic Resources Policy biodiversity to human wellbeing oriented platforms. Committee (GRPC) of the CGIAR. aims to enhance the use of agricultural and forest biodiversity to improve people’s well-being, Project F05: Enhancing the ex situ Project F09: Strengthening global by demonstrating ways in which conservation and use of genetic systems for conservation and use biodiversity can support nutritional diversity of genetic resources and health benefits and by aims to improve the ex situ contributes to the development of identifying new biodiversity-based conservation and use of agricultural more effective global and regional income options for the rural and biodiversity, including crop wild collaboration on conservation and urban poor. relatives, as a means of mitigating use of agricultural biodiversity. the impacts of global threats such as Through the Project, Bioversity environmental degradation, water discharges its responsibilities as Project F02: Productivity, resilience scarcity and climate change. convening Centre of the System- and ecosystem services from wide Genetic Resources Programme community management of (SGRP) and, in partnership with diversity in production systems Project F06: Conservation and use FAO, provides support for the is concerned with developing of forest and other wild species Global Crop Diversity Trust practices that support communities aims to document the diversity (GCDT). It also hosts the Platform in their use of genetic diversity to within useful wild species, for Agrobiodiversity Research maintain and improve productivity, including wild relatives of crops; (PAR). resilience and resistance in study and make known the production systems. benefits it confers; analyze the threats to its persistence; and Project F10: Status, trends and provide knowledge, strategies, valuation of agrobiodiversity Project F03: Managing biodiversity mechanisms and tools to facilitate aims to assess the status, trends and to improve livelihoods in commodity its conservation and sustainable use. values of agricultural biodiversity crop-based systems at the genetic level, to provide tools focuses on enabling rural commu- and mechanisms for long-term nities to better use coconut, cacao Project F07: Biodiversity informatics monitoring of genetic erosion and to and Musa diversity to increase their aims to improve the management evaluate the cost of agrobiodiversity incomes, food security, health and of, access to, and use of genetic loss, its drivers and strategies to natural resource endowments. resources information through counter them. standardized information gathering and management, facilitating Project F04: Conserving and information use, exchange and promoting the use of genetic access, and capacity building. resources of commodity crops aims to promote the conservation, characterization, evaluation and Project F08: Policy and law effective use of the genetic diversity contributes to genetic resources of coconut, cacao and Musa, policy development at global, three commodity crops of special regional, national and CGIAR importance to smallholders in system-wide levels. The Project developing countries. The project is the administrative home of the seeks to strengthen international CGIAR Central Advisory Service research capacity through networks on Intellectual Property (CAS- 35 Establishment Board agreement of trustees The international status of Bioversity BoARD CHAIR Prof. Luigi Monti is conferred under an Establishment Department of Soil, Plant and Agreement which, by December Dr Anthony K. Gregson Environment Sciences 2009, had been signed by the Oakview East Università di Napoli, Federico II Governments of: PO Box 262 Via dell’Università, 100 Warracknabeal 80055 Portici Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Victoria 3393 Naples Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Australia Italy Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Dr Shivaji Pandey Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, MEMBERS Director, Plant Production and Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Protection Division Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Dr Ganesan Balachander FAO Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, The Ford Foundation Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, 55 Lodi Estate 00100 Rome Mauritius, Morocco, Norway, Oman, New Delhi 110003 Italy Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, India Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Dr Christián Samper* Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Dr Emile Frison Director Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Director General National Museum of Natural History Bioversity International Smithsonian Institution Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 10th Street & Constitution Ave., N.W. 00057 Maccarese Washington, D.C. 20560-0135, Rome USA Italy Prof. Dr Ana Sittenfeld Dr Peter Hazell Director, Office of International Affairs Imperial College London University of Costa Rica Wye Campus San Pedro Kent TN25 5AH San Jose United Kingdom Costa Rica Dr Antonio La Viña Dr Paul Zuckerman Ateneo School of Government Zuckerman & Associates 4F, Ateneo Professional Schools 105 Grosvenor Road Rockwell Drive, Rockwell Center London SW1V 3LG Makati City 1200 UK Metro Manila Philippines Prof. Phindile E. Lukhele-Olorunju University of Venda Private Bag x5050 Thohoyandou Limpopo Province 0950 South Africa * Joined during 2009 36 Professional staff oFFICE oF tHE DIRECtoR GENERAL MUSINGUZI, Mr Enock Associate Scientist, Nutrition (Nairobi, FRISON, Dr Emile Director General (Rome, Italy) Kenya) ATTA-KRAH, Dr Kwesi Deputy Director General (Rome, Italy) NDUNG’U-SKILTON, Ms Julia** Associate Scientist, In situ HARDING, Dr Paul Assistant Director General (Rome, Italy) Conservation (Nairobi, Kenya) BAUER, Ms Birgitta** Project Office Manager (Rome, Italy) PADULOSI, Dr Stefano Senior Scientist, Integrated CHAPMAN, Mr Robert Manager, Planning, Evaluation and Conservation Methodologies and Use Learning (PEL) (Rome, Italy) (Rome, Italy) HUIE, Ms Annie Programme Specialist, Donor Relations PASCUAL, Dr Unai Honorary Research Fellow (Cambridge, (Rome, Italy) UK) KILLERMANN, Ms Britta** Personal Assistant to the Director PERALES RIVERA, Honorary Research Fellow General (Rome, Italy) Mr Hugo Rafael (Chiapas, Mexico) SAJISE, Dr Percy Honorary Research Fellow (Laguna, QUEK, Dr Paul Scientist, Documentation/Information Philippines) (Serdang, Malaysia) SANDS, Ms Patti Programme Specialist (Rome, Italy) NANKYA, Ms Rose National Project Manager, Pests and SMITH, Ms Allison Grants Office Manager (Rome, Italy) Diseases (Kampala, Uganda) THOMPSON, Ms Helen*** Administrative Coordinator (Rome, Italy) SETTE, Ms Cristina Programme Specialist, ILAC (Rome, WATANABE, Dr Kazuo Honorary Research Fellow (Tsukuba, Italy) Japan) STHAPIT, Dr Bhuwon Ratna Regional Project Coordinator, UNEP- GEF Project (New Delhi, India) DIvERSItY FoR LIvELIHooDS PRoGRAMME THOMPSON, Dr Judith Science Writer/Process Manager BELLON, Dr Mauricio Director, Diversity for Livelihoods (Rome, Italy) Programme (Rome, Italy) TURDIEVA, Dr Muhabbat Regional Project Coordinator for BAI, Dr Keyu Assistant Coordinator (Beijing, China) UNEP-GEF Project in Central Asia BHAG MAL, Dr Honorary Research Fellow (New Delhi, (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) India) VAN OUDENHOVEN, Associate Scientist, Economic and DRUCKER, Dr Adam Senior Economist (Rome, Italy) Mr Frederik Social Aspects of Agrobiodiversity EYZAGUIRRE, Dr Pablo Senior Scientist, Anthropology and (Rome, Italy) Socio-economics (Rome, Italy) VODOUHE, Dr S. Raymond*** Scientist, Genetic Diversity FADDA, Dr Carlo Global Project Manager, Crop Genetic Management for Livelihood Diversity and Disease Management Improvement (Cotonou, Benin) (Rome, Italy) WATTS, Ms Jamie Project Coordinator, ILAC Initiative GOTOR FACELLO, Associate Expert, Impact Assessment (Rome, Italy) Dr Elisabetta Specialist (Rome, Italy) GRUM, Dr Mikkel** Scientist, Genetic Diversity (Nairobi, UNDERStANDING AND MANAGING BIoDIvERSItY Kenya) PRoGRAMME HERMANN, Dr Michael Senior Scientist, Genetic Diversity SNOOK, Dr Laura Director, Understanding and Managing (Montreal, Canada) Biodiversity Programme (Rome, Italy) JARVIS, Dr Devra Senior Scientist, In situ Conservation ALERCIA, Ms Adriana Germplasm Information Specialist (Rome, Italy) (Rome, Italy) JOHNS, Prof. Timothy Honorary Research Fellow (Quebec, ARNAUD, Ms Elizabeth Scientist, F07 Project (Montpellier, Canada) France) KRUIJSSEN, Ms Froukje** Associate Scientist, Market Analysis ATIENO, Mr Frederick Information and Documentation Officer (Serdang, Malaysia) (Nairobi, Kenya) LAMERS, Mr Hugo* Associate Scientist, Economics and BROWN, Dr Anthony Honorary Research Fellow (Canberra, Social Aspects (New Delhi, India) Australia) MILGROOM, Dr Michael Honorary Research Fellow (Ithaca, USA) CHANDRABALAN, Ms Dorothy Scientific Assistant (Serdang, Malaysia) MORIMOTO, Dr Yasuyuki Associate Scientist, Post Doctoral CHO, Dr Myoung Rae** Seconded Senior Scientist (Serdang, (Nairobi, Kenya) Malaysia) 37 Professional staff CUNNINGHAM, Dr Anthony Honorary Research Fellow (Fremantle, GLoBAL PARtNERSHIPS PRoGRAMME Australia) HODGKIN, Dr Toby Director, Global Partnerships DIAS, Ms Sonia Programme Specialist, Documentation Programme (Rome, Italy) and Information (Rome, Italy) BORDONI, Mr Paul Scientific Assistant, Global Facilitation DULLOO, Dr Ehsan Project Coordinator, Conservation of Unit for Underutilized Species Agricultural Biodiversity (Rome, Italy) (Rome, Italy) ENDRESEN, Mr Dag** IT Outreach Specialist (Lund, Sweden) DEMERS, Ms Nicole Communications and Information EYOG-MATIG, Dr Oscar Scientist, Forest Genetic Resources/ Assistant (Rome, Italy) Coordinator, SAFORGEN ENGELS, Dr Jan Genetic Resources Management (Cotonou, Benin) Advisor (Rome, Italy) FRANCO, Mr Tito Documentation and Information KHUMALO, Ms Sibonginkosi Associate Expert, Support Programme Specialist (Cali, Colombia) for Agrobiodiversity Research JALONEN, Ms Riina* Associate Expert (Serdang, Malaysia) Development and Communication JARVIS, Dr Andrew** Senior Scientist, Spatial Analyst (Cali, (Nairobi, Kenya) Colombia) LALIBERTÉ, Ms Brigitte Scientist, Coordinator, Global Public JORGE, Dr Maria Alexandra** Associate Scientist, Genebank Goods Project, SGRP (Rome, Italy) Management (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) WILLIAMS, Dr David Coordinator of the System-wide KWON, Dr Taek-Ryoun* Seconded Senior Scientist (Serdang, Genetic Resources Programme Malaysia) (Rome, Italy) LOO, Dr Judy* Senior Scientist, Global Coordinator, Conservation and Sustainable Use of CoMMoDItIES FoR LIvELIHooDS PRoGRAMME Forest and other Wild Plant Resources WEISE, Dr Stephan* Director, Commodities for Livelihoods (Rome, Italy) Programme (Montpellier, France) MACKAY, Dr Michael Senior Scientist and Coordinator, BLOMME, Dr Guy Associate Scientist, Assistant to Biodiversity Informatics Project Regional Coordinator (Kampala, (Rome, Italy) Uganda) MARANDU, Mr Wilson Conservation Scientist (Nairobi, Kenya) BUSTAMANTE MORALES, Associate Scientist (Turrialba, Costa Rica) MATHUR, Dr Prem N. Scientist, Genetic Diversity Mr Oscar* Assessment and Use, and South Asia EKESA-ONYANGO, Associate Expert, Assessing the Coordinator (New Delhi, India) Ms Beatrice Potential Contribution of Banana- NAWAR, Mr Fawzy* Java Web Developer (Rome, Italy) Based Systems (Kampala, Uganda) SCHELDEMAN, Dr Xavier Scientist, Conservation and Use of ESKES, Dr Bertus Coordinator, CFC/ICCO/Bioversity Neotropical PGR (Cali, Colombia) Cocoa Project (Montpellier, France) SKOFIC, Mr Milko Database and Programmer Analyst GARMING, Dr Hildegard Post Doctoral Research Fellow (Rome, Italy) (Turrialba, Costa Rica) SOOD, Mr Rajesh** Information System Analyst (Rome, Italy) GEORGE, Dr Maria Luz** Coordinator, COGENT (Serdang, THORMANN, Ms Imke International Information System Malaysia) Project Coordinator/Programme HANCOCK, Dr Wayne** Field Project Leader (Addis Ababa, Specialist, Plant Genetic Resources Ethiopia) Information Management (Rome, Italy) HORRY, Dr Jean-Pierre* Honorary Research Fellow (Montpellier, TRAFICANTI, Ms Hope Science Writer/Process Manager France) (Rome, Italy) JOHNSON, Mr Vincent Process Manager/Science Editor VAN DAMME, Ms Veerle Honorary Research Fellow (Cali, (Montpellier, France) Colombia) KARAMURA, Dr Deborah Musa Genetic Resources Specialist VAN ZONNEVELD, Mr Maarten Associate Scientist (Cali, Colombia) (Kampala, Uganda) VIPARTHI, Mr Kiran** GPG2 Information System Analyst KARAMURA, Dr Eldad Regional Coordinator, Eastern and (Rome, Italy) Southern Africa (Kampala, Uganda) 38 MOLINA, Dr Agustín Regional Coordinator (Los Baños, VAN SCHAGEN, Mr Boudy Associate Scientist, Communicating Philippines) Agrobiodiversity Science and Problem- OCIMATI, Mr Walter* Associate Scientist (Kampala, Uganda) based Learning (Nairobi, Kenya) PEREZ VINCENTE, Honorary Research Fellow Dr Luis Fernando (Turrialba, Costa Rica) HUMAN RESoURCES UNIt PICQ, Ms Claudine Coordinator, Information/ FINOCCHIO, Mr Francesco Director, Human Resources (Rome, Communication and Publications Italy) (Montpellier, France) LAMBERT, Ms Ingrid Human Resources Manager (Rome, POCASANGRE, Dr Luis Associate Scientist, Technology Italy) Transfer (Turrialba, Costa Rica) LIBERTO, Ms Giselle Human Resources Officer (Rome, Italy) PONSIOEN, Mr Guido Information/Documentation Specialist (Montpellier, France) CoMMUNICAtIoNS AND EXtERNAL RELAtIoNS ROUARD, Mr Mathieu Bioinformatician (Montpellier, France) MARBOIS, Mr Pascal* Director, Communications and External ROUX, Dr Nicolas Senior Scientist, Coordinator, Musa Relations (Rome, Italy) Genomics and Genetic Resources BUONAIUTO, Mr Massimo*** Multimedia/Web Specialist (Rome, Italy) (Montpellier, France) BAENA, Ms Margarita*** Capacity Development and Public RUAS, Mr Max Database Manager and Computer Awareness Specialist (Cali, Colombia) Technology Specialist (Montpellier, CAPOZIO, Ms Nora*** 2010 Campaign Liaison Officer (Rome, France) Italy) SILES GUTIERREZ, Mr Pablo* Associate Scientist (Turrialba, Costa CHERFAS, Dr Jeremy*** Communications and Media Relations Rica) Manager (Rome, Italy) STAVER, Dr Charles Senior Scientist, Sustainable Musa DI PAOLO, Mr Fabio**** Programme Specialist, Publications Production and Utilization Distribution and Marketing (Montpellier, France) (Rome, Italy) TINZAARA, Mr William Associate Scientist (Kampala, Uganda) GARRUCCIO, Ms Maria*** Library and Publications Manager SWENNEN, Prof. R. Honorary Research Fellow (Heverlee, (Rome, Italy) Belgium) MOORE, Ms Cassandra*** Programme Specialist (Rome, Italy) VAN DEN BERGH, Dr Inge Scientist and Coordinator, ProMusa OBEL-LAWSON, Ms Elizabeth*** Scientific Assistant (Nairobi, Kenya) Research Network (Montpellier, France) PREITE MARTINEZ, Media Assistant (Rome, Italy) VAN DEN HOUWE, Ms Inès Scientist, Germplasm Conservation Ms Cecilia*** (Heverlee, Belgium) RAYMOND, Ms Ruth*** Regions and Programmes Communications Manager (Rome, Italy) PoLICY RESEARCH AND SUPPoRt UNIt STABILE, Mr Lorenzo*** Database Developer/Information HALEWOOD, Dr Michael Head, Policy Research and Support Systems Analyst (Rome, Italy) Unit (Rome, Italy) TAZZA, Ms Patrizia*** Design/Layout Specialist (Rome, Italy) LOPEZ NORIEGA, Ms Isabel Legal Specialist (Rome, Italy) VALORI, Mr Dario*** Information Technology Manager MOORE, Dr Gerald Honorary Research Fellow (Rome, Italy) (Rome, Italy) VEZINA, Ms Anne*** Editor/Scientific Writer (Montpellier, CAPACItY DEvELoPMENt RESEARCH France) AND SUPPoRt UNIt GOLDBERG, Ms Elizabeth Head, Capacity Development CoRPoRAtE SERvICES Research and Support Unit O’DONOGHUE, Mr Gerard Director, Corporate Services (Rome, Italy) (Rome, Italy) GLOVER, Ms Melanie Budget/Audit Officer (Rome, Italy) HADJ HASSAN, Dr Adnan Honorary Research Fellow (Aleppo, HARMANN, Ms Karen Senior Accountant (Rome, Italy) Syria) HUNT, Ms Lyn Manager of Administrative Services RUDEBJER, Mr Per Scientist, Capacity Development (Rome, Italy) Research and Support Unit KANE-POTAKA, Ms Joanna** Head, Information Marketing and (Rome, Italy) Management (Rome, Italy) 39 Professional staff LUZON, Ms Josephine Finance Manager (Rome, Italy) GLoBAL CRoP DIvERSItY tRUSt NEATE, Mr Paul** Information Dissemination and FOWLER, Dr Cary Executive Director, Global Crop Communications Manager Diversity Trust (Rome, Italy) (Rome, Italy) CLYNE, Ms Anne Director of Finance, Global Crop Diversity Trust (Rome, Italy) REGIoNAL oFFICES DAOUD, Ms Layla Project Officer, Global Crop Diversity Sub-Saharan Africa Trust (Rome, Italy) BAIDU-FORSON, Mr Joseph Regional Director (Nairobi, Kenya) GUARINO, Mr Luigi Senior Science Coordinator, Global AVOHOU, Mr Hermane Scientific Assistant, SAFORGEN Crop Diversity Trust (Rome, Italy) (Cotonou, Benin) LAIRD, Mr Julian Director of Development, Global Crop KAMAU, Mr Henry Scientist, Training/LCA Initiative Diversity Trust (Rome, Italy) Coordinator (Nairobi, Kenya) LUSTY, Ms Charlotte Scientist (Rome, Italy) MWILA, Mr Godfrey Programme Scientist (Rome, Italy) Americas TOLL, Ms Jane Project Manager, Global Crop Diversity RAMIREZ, Dr Marleni Regional Director (Cali, Colombia) Trust (Rome, Italy) CASTANEDA, Ms Nora Research Assistant (Cali, Colombia) WARUHIU, Ms Kijo Scientific Specialist, Global Crop Diversity Trust (Rome, Italy Asia, Pacific and oceania SEBASTIAN, Dr Leocadio Regional Director (Serdang, Malaysia) otHER HoStED StAFF ARORA, Dr R.K.** Honorary Research Fellow (New Delhi, ASSAF, Ms Jenin** Programme Officer, ICT-KM India) (Rome, Italy) CHIN, Prof. H.F. Honorary Research Fellow (Serdang, CHANDLER, Ms Fiona Scientific Liaison Officer, Alliance Malaysia) Office (Rome, Italy) KIU, Ms Jee Jee Administrative Officer (Serdang, FLAHERTY, Ms Kathleen* Data Analysis Specialist (Rome, Italy) Malaysia) HENSON-APOLLONIO, Senior Scientist, Project Manager, LIM, Mr Eng Siang Honorary Research Fellow (Serdang, Dr Victoria Central Advisory Service on Intellectual Malaysia) Property (CAS-IP) (Rome, Italy) VELUTHATTIL, Administrative Officer IZAC, Dr Anne-Marie Chief Alliance Officer (Rome, Italy) Mr Surendrakumar (New Delhi, India) NOORDELOOS, Mr Marco Gender & Diversity Center Goals ZHANG, Dr Zongwen Associate Scientist, East Asia Coordinator (Rome, Italy) Coordinator (Beijing, China) PASTORE, Ms Antonella CGXchange Project Coordinator, ICT-KM (Rome, Italy) Central and West Asia and North Africa PORCARI, Ms Enrica Chief Information Officer, ICT-KM KABIROV, Mr Azam** Coordinator (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) Programme Leader (Rome, Italy) WILDE, Ms Vicki Gender & Diversity Program Leader Europe (Rome, Italy) TUROK, Dr Jozef Regional Director (Rome, Italy) BOZZANO, Mr Michele Programme Specialist, Forest Genetic Resources (Rome, Italy) DEL GRECO, Ms Aixa** Scientific Assistant (Rome, Italy) KOSKELA, Dr Jarkko Scientist, EUFORGEN Coordinator (Rome, Italy) LIPMAN, Ms Elinor Scientific Assistant (Montpellier, France) MAGGIONI, Mr Lorenzo Scientist, ECPGR Coordinator (Rome, Italy) * Joined during 2009 SPELLMAN, Ms Olga Programme Specialist, Editing and ** Left during 2009 Layout (Rome, Italy) *** Changed/moved position during 2009 VINCETI, Dr Barbara Scientist, Forest Biodiversity (Rome, Italy) **** On leave without pay during 2009 40 Credits Editor: Jeremy Cherfas Managing editor: Paul Neate Writers: Paul Neate, Richard Sanders, Jeremy Cherfas Design and layout: Patrizia Tazza and Frances Ferraiuolo Cover illustration: Greg Morgan Printing: Ugo Quintily S.p.A. Annual Report 2009 Citation Bioversity International. 2010. Annual Report 2009. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. ISBN 978-92-9043-830-4 Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy © Bioversity International, 2010