A Genomic Catalog of Cultivated Bananas The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) delivers research-based solutions that harness agricultural biodiversity and sustainably transform food systems to improve people’s lives. Alliance solutions address the global crises of malnutrition, climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation. The Alliance is part of CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future. https://alliancebioversityciat.org www.cgiar.org MusaNet is the global collaborative framework for Musa related research and a partnership of all key stakeholders, aiming to ensure the long-term conservation and increased use of Musa diversity globally. https://musanet.org/ CIRAD is the French agricultural research and cooperation organization working for the sustainable development of tropical and Mediterranean regions. https://www.cirad.fr/en A Genomic Catalog of Cultivated Bananas 978-92-9255-332-6 Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) France Country Office Parc Scientifique Agropolis II 34397 Montpellier, France Website: https://alliancebioversityciat.org/ ISBN: 978-92-9255-332-6 Citation: Sardos J; Cenci A; Rouard M. (Eds.). (2024). A genomic catalog of cultivated bananas. Bioversity International and CIRAD. Montpellier, France. 74 p. About the editors: Julie Sardos, banana genetic resources specialist Alberto Cenci, genome specialist Mathieu Rouard, Bioinformatics specialist Related document: Sardos J; Cenci A; Martin G; Breton C; Guignon V; Van den Houwe I; Mendez Y; Sachter-Smith G; Chase R; Ruas M; Rivallan R; Paofa J; Wigmore W; Tilafono Hunter D; D’Hont A; Yahiaoui N; Jenny C; Perrier X; Roux N; Rouard M. (2024). Painting the diversity of a world’s favourite fruit: A next generation catalogue of cultivated bananas. Plants, People, Planet, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/PPP3.10581 Coordination: Julie Sardos and Mathieu Rouard Passport data: Julie Sardos, Mathieu Rouard, Christophe Jenny, Max Ruas with support of the Taxonomy Advisory Group (TAG) Photos: Yaleidis Mendez, Christophe Jenny, Gabe Sachter-smith, Julie Sardos, Jorge Vargas, Miguel Dita, Lucien Ibonbondji, Lorna E. Herradura Karyotypes: Alberto Cenci, Julie Sardos, Guillaume Martin, Catherine Breton and Mathieu Rouard Graphic design: Lorena García AI-generated images: DALLE © 2024. Bioversity International and CIRAD. Some rights reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial International License 4.0 (CC BY-NC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ October 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/PPP3.10581 Introduction .... .........................................................................................................................................................................3 Methodology .. ..........................................................................................................................................................................3 CULTIVAR GROUPS ...................................................................................................................................................................5 AA genomic composition .............................................................................................................................................................6 Mchare group .............................................................................................................................................................................................6 Pisang Jari Buaya group ..........................................................................................................................................................................7 Pisang Lilin group ......................................................................................................................................................................................8 Sucrier group .............................................................................................................................................................................................9 AAA genomic composition .........................................................................................................................................................10 Cavendish group ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Gros Michel group ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Red group .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Mutika/Lujugira group ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Ilalyi group ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Ambon group ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Orotava group .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Rio group ....................................................................................................................................................................................................17 Ibota group ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 AB genomic composition ............................................................................................................................................................19 Ney poovan ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Kunnan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 AAB genomic composition .........................................................................................................................................................21 Plantain group ...........................................................................................................................................................................................21 Maia Maoli/Popoulu group ......................................................................................................................................................................22 Iholena group ...........................................................................................................................................................................................23 Laknau group ...........................................................................................................................................................................................24 Pome group ..............................................................................................................................................................................................25 Mysore group ............................................................................................................................................................................................26 Silk group ..................................................................................................................................................................................................27 Pisang Raja group....................................................................................................................................................................................28 ABB genomic composition .........................................................................................................................................................29 Pisang Awak group (3x) ..........................................................................................................................................................................29 Pisang Awak group (4x) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Bluggoe group ...........................................................................................................................................................................................31 Monthan group .........................................................................................................................................................................................32 Ney Mannan group ...................................................................................................................................................................................33 Peya group ................................................................................................................................................................................................34 Kalapua group ..........................................................................................................................................................................................35 Klue Tiparod group ..................................................................................................................................................................................36 Pelipita group ...........................................................................................................................................................................................37 Contents MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS ...............................................................................................................39 Similar to Mutika/Lujugira.........................................................................................................................................................40 Kikundi cluster ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 40 Luhulole cluster ........................................................................................................................................................................................41 Similar to Plantain .....................................................................................................................................................................42 Kupulik cluster .........................................................................................................................................................................................42 Mnalouki ....................................................................................................................................................................................................43 Similar to Maoli-Popoulu ...........................................................................................................................................................44 Wan Gevi cluster ......................................................................................................................................................................................44 Buka Kiakiau ............................................................................................................................................................................................45 Ruango Block cluster ..............................................................................................................................................................................46 Similar to Iholena ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Rukumamb Tambey cluster ...................................................................................................................................................................47 Arawa cluster .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CLUSTERS ...............................................................................................................................51 AA genomic composition ...........................................................................................................................................................52 Bata Bata cluster .....................................................................................................................................................................................52 Talasea cluster .........................................................................................................................................................................................53 Te’engi cluster ..........................................................................................................................................................................................54 ABBT genomic composition ......................................................................................................................................................55 Buka cluster .............................................................................................................................................................................................55 INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST ............................................................................................................. 57 AA genomic composition ...........................................................................................................................................................58 Khai Na On ................................................................................................................................................................................................58 Manang ......................................................................................................................................................................................................59 Matti .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Pisang Madu ..............................................................................................................................................................................................61 Pisang Pipit ..............................................................................................................................................................................................62 AAS genomic composition .........................................................................................................................................................63 Toitoi ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................63 AAB genomic composition ........................................................................................................................................................64 La ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................64 Pisang Slendang ......................................................................................................................................................................................65 ABB genomic composition .........................................................................................................................................................66 Auko ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................66 Choi Mit......................................................................................................................................................................................................67 Ya Ta Na Thin kha ....................................................................................................................................................................................68 ABX genomic composition .........................................................................................................................................................69 Chuoi Xi Mon .............................................................................................................................................................................................69 AABT genomic composition ......................................................................................................................................................70 Kalmagol ...................................................................................................................................................................................................70 ABBT genomic composition .......................................................................................................................................................71 Bengani ......................................................................................................................................................................................................71 Rekua .........................................................................................................................................................................................................72 Resources Used .....................................................................................................................................................................74 Banana is an important food crop cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. With the recent advances in genomics, a new powerful tool was developed enabling the fine-scale characterization of banana’s ancestry along chromosomes, i.e. chromosome painting. This catalogue, although not exhaustive, aims at providing an efficient tool to support the banana research and worker community in the classification of cultivars. It can be used as a tool to support the management of banana collections, which is a much faster way to classify them than with morphological characterization. Introduction Methodology We applied this method to a high-throughput genotyping data set obtained from 317 banana accessions spanning most of the known cultivar groups. This set included both genebank and new uncharacterized materials. By comparing curated morphological assignation to the chromosome painting results, we were able to compile a catalogue referencing the chromosome painting patterns of most of the described cultivar groups. In this approach, chromosome segments are colored according to their inferred ancestral genome contribution. The colors of segments correspond to the following ancestral contributors: black: M. balbisiana (B genome), pale- blue: M. schizocarpa (S genome), green: M. acuminata ssp. banksii / M. acuminata ssp. errans (A genome); blue: M. a. malaccensis (A genome) red: M. a. ssp. zebrina (A genome), pink: uncharacterized genepools, and purple: M. a. ssp. halabanensis, Orange: Musa a. ssp. burmannica/Musa a. ssp. siamea, Yellow: Austalimusa (T genome) (new Callimusa section). Disclaimer: The genome ancestry mosaics method proved to be extremely useful but is not exempted of methodological bias. The size of segments is approximate since it was calculated with high density markers and their arrangement established on parsimony and may not reflect the real haplotypes. CULTIVAR GROUPS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS6 7 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Mchare group chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1223 Mshare Classification Mchare (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area East Africa Uses Cooking, breeding AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes • Morphologically diversified with French, false-horn, and horn types like plantain • Pollen reported scarce • Synonym: Mlali Genomic features • 2x and 1x gamete donor of many cultivars, including Gros Michel, Cavendish, Pome and Pisang Ambon, Paka CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS6 7 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Jari Buaya group chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0312 Pisang Jari Buaya Classification Pisang Jari Buaya (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area Asia and Pacific Uses Dessert, breeding AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Notes • Shape of bananas reminding crocodile’s fingers. Rachis is full of neutral flowers with  persistent bracts above the male bud. No pollen and seedless bunches. • Resistance to burrowing nematodes Genomic features • One haplotype from M. a. halabanensis | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS8 9 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Lilin group chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0395 Lidi Classification Pisang Lilin (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area Asia Uses Dessert, breeding AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes • Synonym: Lidi • Accession widely used in FHIA hybrids Genomic features • Predominant malaccensis background CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS8 9 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Sucrier group chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0653 Pisang Mas Classification Sucrier (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert AA genomic composition Notes • Very common diploid dessert banana Synonym: Pisang Mas • Compact bunch with small, thin skinned, and sweet fruits, typical colors of neck blotches Genomic features • Presence of most genepools  M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS10 11 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Cavendish group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1471 Zanzebar Classification Cavendish (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert, most of the time International trade AAA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes • Major commercial dessert banana • Can be cooked when unripe (Asia and the Pacific) Genomic features • Signifiant contribution of unknown genepool and M. a. halabanensis • Contains 2n gamete from Mchare CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS10 11 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Gros Michel group Classification Gros Michel (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Latin America Uses Dessert AAA genomic composition Notes • Can be easily confused with Cavendish • Green or pale pink colour of pseudostem • Extremely susceptible to Fusarium wilt race 1 Genomic features • Signifiant contribution of unknown genepool and M. a. halabanensis • Contains 2n gamete from Mchare and n gamete from Khai Na On M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0724 Cocos | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS12 13 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Red group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1833 Shwe Ni Classification Red (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert AAA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Unknown genepool Notes • Most of the plant is red • A green variant of Red exists, it is named Green Red • Synonym: Figue rose Genomic features • Two schizocarpa centromeres on chromosome 2, like Ibota and Maia Maoli Popoulou • High contribution of unknown genepool CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS12 13 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Mutika/Lujugira group Classification Mutika/Lujugira (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area East and Central Africa Uses Cooking and beer AAA genomic composition Notes • Cultivated in altitude; dark bronze, black or brown blotches on pseudostems • Cooking cultivars with pulp turning yellow when cooked; beer cultivars with pulp turning pink when cooked Genomic features • Two first telomeres of chr. 6 seem of undetermined origin • A small variation in the banksii/zebrina ratio can be observed on a reduced number of accession chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1760 Siira ITC0177 Makara ITC0084 Mbwazirume M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Undetermined ITC1630 Enjagata Chr10 | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS14 15 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ilalyi group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1451 Kitarasa Classification Ilalyi (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area East Africa (N.E. of Tanzania) Uses Mostly cooking, beer and some cultivars as dessert AAA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes • Cultivated in altitude, particularly on the humid slopes of Kilimanjaro and of mounts Usambara and Pare • Slender bud and blunt fingers (when compared to Mutika/Lujugira) Genomic features • Genomic background related to Mutika/ Lujugira but with additional M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis contribution CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS14 15 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ambon group Classification Ambon (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Dessert AAA genomic composition Notes • Large fruits, good flavor and high yields • Important cultivars in Indonesia and Malaysia • Introduced in Latin America for trade but became susceptible to Fusarium wilt Genomic features • Significant presence of the malaccensis (8 centromeres) and the unknown genepool (6 centromeres) M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Unknown genepool chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb DYN122 Hom Thong Mokho | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS16 17 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Orotava group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb PT-BA-00121 Hom Sakhon Nakhon Classification Orotava (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Dessert AAA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Unknown genepool Notes • Not very well described in literature Genomic features • Significant presence of the malaccensis (8 centromeres) CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS16 17 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Rio group Classification Rio (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia, Latin America Uses Dessert AAA genomic composition Notes Genomic features • Second zebrina-rich cultivar (14 centromeres) after Mutika/Lujugira group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0277 Leite M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS18 19 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ibota group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0662 Khai Thong Ruang Classification Ibota (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia and Africa Uses Dessert AAA genomic composition Notes • The widely studied accession ‘Yangambi km 5’ is part of this group Genomic features • High contribution of M. a. malaccensis (22 centromeres) M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS18 19 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ney Poovan Classification Ney Poovan (AB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area India Uses Dessert AB genomic composition Notes • AB bananas are rare • Difficult to distinguish with Kunnan Genomic features • Malaccensis ancestry dominance as A-donor genome chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0245 Safet Velchi M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1751 Adukka Kunnan | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS20 21 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Kunnan Classification Kunnan (AB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area South India Uses Dessert AB genomic composition Notes • AB bananas are rare • Difficult to distinguish with Ney poovan Genomic features • Malaccensis ancestry dominance as A-donor genome chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1034 Kunnan M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1752 Poovila Chundan CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS20 21 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Plantain group Classification Plantain (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area West and Central Africa, and Latin America Uses Cooking (fries, mashed) AAB genomic composition Notes • Wide morphological diversity • Several phenotypic clusters (French, true horn, false horn) & (small, medium or giant) Genomic features • 2 B chromosomes on chromosome 7 • 2 profiles (the most common profile with interstitial deletion on chr10) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0007 Asamiensa (41 accessions) ITC0033 Bungaoisan Chr10 M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis deletion | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS22 23 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0733 Ihi U Maohi MMP-1 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1958 Torotea MMP-3 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1135 Pōpōulu MMP-2 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1988 Lavugi MMP-4 Maia Maoli/Popoulu group Classification Maia Maoli-popoulu (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Pacific region Uses Cooking AAB genomic composition Notes • Sausage-shaped fruits • Pōpōulu have shorter and fatter fruits Genomic features • At least 4 profiles, not all clonally derived • 2 M. schizocarpa centromeres in chr. 02 and 1 M. a. zebrina centromere on chr. 07 • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS22 23 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Iholena group Classification Iholena (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Pacific region Uses Cooking AAB genomic composition Notes • Tall plant, young leaf with light purple underside • Fruits turn yellow before being ripe, pulp is «salmon orange» • Typical bunch shape Genomic features • M. balbisiana centromere is absent on chr. 09 • In Papua New Guinea, different clones sharing features with Iholena exist • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0825 Uzakan M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS24 25 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Laknau group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0332 Laknao Classification Musa Laknao (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia and the Pacific Uses Cooking AAB genomic composition Notes • Popular in the Phillipines • Slender and large fruits remaining starchy when fully ripe • Synonym: laknao Genomic features • Background similar to Maoli-Popoulu and Iholena, very few contribution of M. a. malaccensis • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS24 25 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pome group Classification Pome (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert AAB genomic composition Notes • Synonym: Prata (Brazil) • Sub-acid and apple-like taste Genomic features • Most diverse in contributors • Three patterns from at least two sexual events (Pome-1 and Pome-2), Pome-3 is likely derived from Pome-2 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0649 Foconah Pome-1 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0582 Lady Finger Pome-3 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1723 Ladies Finger Pome-2 M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS26 27 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Mysore group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1613 Karpura Chakkrakeli Classification Mysore (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area India, Thailand, West Indies, Oceania Uses Dessert, shade for cocoa trees AAB genomic composition Notes • Big and vigorous plant • Large cylindrical bunches Genomic features • Significant presence of malaccensis (6 centromeres) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Unknown genepool CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS26 27 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Silk group Classification Silk (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert AAB genomic composition Notes • Sweet-acid fruits, flavour reminiscent of apples • Synonyms: Apple, Manzana and Figue Pome • Can be easily confused with Pome Genomic features • Strong M. a. malaccensis contribution • Two profiles from two distinct sexual events chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0348 Silk M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0737 Kingala N°1 | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS28 29 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Raja group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0587 Pisang Raja Classification Pisang Raja (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Cooking and dessert AAB genomic composition Notes • Large fruit that becomes orange when ripe • Fruits are very sweet but coarse in texture Genomic features • Important contribution from M. a. zebrina and from the unknown genepool M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Unknown genepool CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS28 29 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Awak group (3x) Classification Pisang Awak (ABB/ABBB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Polyploid (3x = 33 or 4x = 44 ) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert, cooking (unripe), alcoholic production ABB genomic composition Notes • A diversity of cultivars with striking morphological features in common exists • One of the most vigorous group of cultivars Genomic features • At least 5 closely related profiles: 2 triploids and 3 derivated tetraploids chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0659 Namwa Khom (PA-1) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1719 Chinia (PA-2) | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS30 31 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Awak group (4x) Classification Pisang Awak (ABB/ABBB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Polyploid (3x = 33 or 4x = 44) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Dessert, cooking (unripe), alcoholic production ABB genomic composition Notes • A diversity of cultivars with striking morphological features in common exists Genomic features • At least 5 closely related profiles (2 triploids and 3 derivated tetraploids) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0213 Pisang Awak (PA-4x-2) Ramu Yawa (PA-4x-1) chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0334 Nzizi (PA-4x-3) chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS30 31 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Bluggoe group Classification Bluggoe (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Cooking and dessert ABB genomic composition Notes • Fruits are mostly straights and stay in a horizontal position • Bunch holds a maximum of 7/8 hands • Highly susceptible to Fusarium wilt Genomic features • Mosaic pattern identical to Monthan • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0643 Cachaco M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS32 33 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Monthan group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1483 Monthan Classification Monthan (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Northeast part of India Uses Cooking and dessert ABB genomic composition Notes • Fruits are turned upward • Bunch holds 15 to 20 hands, a second small bunch can develop on the male part Genomic features • Mosaic identical to bluggoe • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 due to unbalanced crossing-over (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS32 33 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ney Mannan group Classification Ney Mannan (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tropics and subtropics Uses Cooking, dessert and ornamentals ABB genomic composition Notes • Sweet aromatic fruit and vanilla ice cream-like flavor • Cold-tolerant and wind-resistant because of their strong pseudostems and root systems Genomic features • Similar to Peyan but with slight differences of diversity pattern in the B genomes • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0361 Blue Java M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS34 35 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Peyan group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0123 Simili Radjah Classification Peyan (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area India Uses Dessert ABB genomic composition Notes • Angular fruits and thick skin Genomic features • Similar to Ney Mannan but with slight differences of diversity pattern in the B genomes • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS34 35 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Kalapua group ABB genomic composition chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC2017 Tukuru round chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1937 Gana Auf M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Classification Kalapua (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea Uses Cooked by boiling or roasting Notes • Very common in Papua New Guinea • Tolerant to drought and Black Leaf Streak resistant • Susceptible to Banana Wilt Associated Phytoplasma Genomic features • Two patterns identified: Dwarf Kalapua have two full M. balbisiana haplotypes on first arms of chr. 4 and chr. 8.; first telomere of chr. 9 has three B copies • Common small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS36 37 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Klue Tiparod group chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0652 Kluai Tiparot Classification Klue Tiparod (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Cooking ABB genomic composition Notes • Vigorous plant with massive fruits • Very close to M. balbisiana • Two forms: complete bunch and horn. Can appear on the same plant, depending on the cycles. Instability of the inflorescence. Genomic features • High proportion of B genome • The only group with M. a. burmanicca/ siamea contribution M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. schizocarpa M. a. burmannica CU LT IV AR G RO UP S | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS CULTIVAR GROUPS36 37 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pelipita group Classification Pelipita (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Cooking ABB genomic composition Notes • Reached Latin America where it gained popularity due to resistance to pest and diseases Genomic features • Three M. balbisiana haplotypes for chromosome 2 and chromosome 11 • Three M. balbisiana centromeres for chromosome 7 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0472 Pelipita M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS40 41 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Kikundi cluster ITC1224 Kikundi Classification Mutika/Lujugira related (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tanzania Uses Cooking and dessert Similar to Mutika/Lujugira Notes • Morphologically similar to Mutika/Lujugira  • Ntebwa and Ntindii I are 2 cultivars from the Usambara region with different usages • Kikundi’s underlying colour of the pseudostem is pinkish instead of green Genomic features • Common genetic background with Mutika/ Lujugira but with a strong malaccensis component (12 centromeres) M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Unknown genepool chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb MO RP HO LO GI CA LL Y SI MI LA R TO C UL TI VA R GR OU PS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS40 41 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Luholole cluster Classification Mutika/Lujugira related (AAA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Tanzania (Morogoro region) Uses Dessert Similar to Mutika/Lujugira Notes • Named after chief Luhorore who found it in this area when he arrived approx. 100 years ago (from collecting report) • Degenerating male bud observed in some plants Genomic features • Common genetic background with Mutika, Ilalyi and Kikundi but with 6 M. a. malaccensis centromeres M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Unknown genepool chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1593 Luhulole | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS42 43 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Kupulik cluster chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0909 Kupulik Classification Plantain related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea Uses Cooking Similar to Plantain Notes • Morphologically similar to plantain • Collected as plantain • Kupulik and Navente 2 with degenerating bud, unlike Bubun  Genomic features • Differs from plantain mosaic by 4 centromeres and the absence of M. a. ssp. malaccensis • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa MO RP HO LO GI CA LL Y SI MI LA R TO C UL TI VA R GR OU PS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS42 43 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Mnalouki Classification Plantain related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Comores Uses Dessert Similar to Plantain Notes • Morphologically similar to plantain • Only AAB known today in the Comoros Genomic features • Possibly derived from plantain (2n gamete) and Mchare (n gamete) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0719 Mnalouki M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS44 45 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Wan Gevi cluster chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC2022 Wan Gevi  Classification Maia Maoli-Popoulu related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area New Britain island (PNG) Uses Cooking Similar to Maoli-Popoulu Notes • Morphologically similar to Maia Maoli-Popoulu Genomic features • Genomic background similar to Maia Maoli-Popoulu M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa MO RP HO LO GI CA LL Y SI MI LA R TO C UL TI VA R GR OU PS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS44 45 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Buka Kiakiau Classification Maia Maoli-Popoulu related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area New Britain island (PNG) Uses Cooking Similar to Maoli-Popoulu Notes • Morphologically similar to Maia Maoli-Popoulu Genomic features • Genomic background similar to Maia Maoli-Popoulu • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb WNB049 Buka Kiakiau M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS46 47 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ruango Block cluster ITC0920 Dimaemamosi Classification Maia Maoli-Popoulu related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area New Britain island (PNG) Uses Cooking Similar to Maoli-Popoulu Notes • Morphologically similar to Maia Maoli-Popoulu Genomic features • Substantial contribution of M.a. ssp. malaccensis M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Unknown genepool chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb MO RP HO LO GI CA LL Y SI MI LA R TO C UL TI VA R GR OU PS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS46 47 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Rukumamb Tambey cluster Similar to Iholena chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0830 Rukumamb Tambey M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Classification Iholena related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea and Samoa Uses Cooking Notes • Morphologically similar to Iholena • Fruits stay green Genomic features • Mosaics with 4 centromeres differing from Iholena | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS48 49 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Arawa cluster chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1910 Arawa Classification Iholena related (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea and Samoa Uses Cooking Similar to Iholena Notes • Morphologically similar to Iholena • Flesh is yellow instead of salmon-orange Genomic features • Mosaics with 8 centromeres differing from Iholena • Stronger M. a. zebrina component (6 centromeres) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR TO CULTIVAR GROUPS48 49 MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CLUSTERS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CLUSTERS52 53 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Bata Bata cluster chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0974 Bata Bata Classification Bata Bata (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2n = 2x = 22) Main distribution area The Philippines Uses Dessert AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes • Racadag (from the Philippines) and Pisang Mas Ayer (from Malaysia) also with this pattern Genomic features • M. a. ssp. banksii, M. schizocarpa, M. a. ssp. malaccensis, M. a. zebrina and M. a. halabanensis MO RP HO LO GI CA LL Y DI ST IN CT CL US TE RS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CLUSTERS52 53 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Talasea cluster chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1913 Talasea Classification Talasea (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea outer islands (very common in West New Britain) Uses Cooking AA genomic composition Notes • Named after a district of New Britain Island and sold in markets locally • Synonym: Misis • Very pale fruits’ skin, a reddish variant exist Genomic features • One of the many diploid landraces of PNG with M. a. banksii/M. schizocarpa/M. A. zebrina ancestries M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CLUSTERS54 55 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Te’engi cluster chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0951 ‘Te’engi’ Classification Te’engi (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2n = 2x = 22) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea Uses Cooking and dessert AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Notes • Four different cultivars collected in the 1980’s in Papua New Guinea (ITC0797 ‘Pama’; ITC0951 ‘Te’engi’; ITC1015 ‘Meinje’ and ITC1211 ‘Vudu Beo’) Genomic features • Holds a common small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 due to unbalanced crossing-over between banksii and M. schizocarpa (not shown) MO RP HO LO GI CA LL Y DI ST IN CT CL US TE RS | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CLUSTERS54 55 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Buka cluster Classification Buka (ABBT) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Tetraploid (4x = 44) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea Uses Dessert and cooking ABBT genomic composition Notes • Same mosaic than Bukayawa, also from Papua New Guinea, but Buka is a shorter variety Genomic features • Progeny of Pisang Awak (P. Awak 1) (3n gamete) and a Australimusa (1n gamete) chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb AROB027 Buka M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Australimusa (new Callimusa section) INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST58 59 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Khai Na On chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0673 Sa Classification Musa (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area Thailand Uses Dessert, breeding AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes • Synonym: Sa Genomic features • N gamete parent of the Gros Michel IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST58 59 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Manang Classification Manang (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area The Philippines Uses Dessert AA genomic composition Notes • Orange-yellow peel, reddish cigar leaf • Said to have sweet and aromatic fruits  • Popular in the Bicol region Genomic features • Contribution of M. a. burmannica/ siamea (including 4 centromeres) chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1771 Manang M. a. burmannica M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST60 61 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Matti chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1761 Matti Classification Matti (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area India Uses Unknown AA genomic composition Notes • Described as a rare plant in South India • 14–15 months from planting to harvest • Helps with easy digestion and is widely given to the 3–12 months old babies Genomic features • With nearly a full haplotype of M. a. burmannica/ siamea M. a. burmannica M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST60 61 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Madu chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0258 Pisang Madu Classification Pisang Madu (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Dessert AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes Genomic features • Two main contributors, M. a. halabanensis and the unknown genepool • Close to 1x gamete donor of Cavendish | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST62 63 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Pipit chr01 1 2 chr02 1 2 chr03 1 2 chr04 1 2 chr05 1 2 chr06 1 2 chr07 1 2 chr08 1 2 chr09 1 2 chr10 1 2 chr11 1 2 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0685 Pisang pipit Classification Pisang Pipit (AA) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Diploid (2x = 22) Main distribution area South-East Asia Uses Unknown AA genomic composition M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Notes Genomic features • High contribution of M. a. zebrina and of the unknown genepool • Close to 1x gamete donor of Cavendish IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST62 63 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization ToiToi Classification ToiToi (AAS) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33)  Main distribution area Bougainville (Papua New Guinea) Uses Unknown AAS genomic composition Notes • Only two known cultivars with a AAS genomic composition, both found in Papua New Guinea Genomic features • It is composed of two haplotypes cultivated AA-like and one M. schizocarpa haplotype with a deletion on chromosome 10 chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1903 Toitoi M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Undetermined Deletion | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST64 65 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization La Classification La (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Vietnam Uses Unknown AAB genomic composition Notes • Possibly Pisang Kelat Genomic features • One haplotype is full B • A main contribution from M. a. zebrina and the unknown ancestor chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1428 La M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST64 65 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Pisang Slendang Classification Pisang Slendang (AAB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Indonesia Uses Unknown AAB genomic composition Notes Genomic features • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1065 Pisang Slendang M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. halabanensis Unknown genepool Deletion | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST66 67 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Auko chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC0983 Auko Classification Auko (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea Uses Cooking (Vunapope) and dessert (Auko) ABB genomic composition Notes • Vunapope is a synonym for Auko • Immune to Black Leaf Streak • Occasional seeds, no pollen Genomic features • The A genome contains only M. a. banksii and M. schizocarpa (no zebrina) • FLow cytometry indicates 2x and 3x cells: possible mixo-ploid chimera AB/ABB M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. schizocarpa IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST66 67 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Choi Mit ABB genomic composition chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1682 Chuoi Mit M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Undetermined Classification Choi Mit (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Vietnam Uses Unknown Notes Genomic features • A genome similar to the A genome found in the Bluggoe and Monthan patterns • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 due to unbalanced crossing-over between banksii and M. schizocarpa (not shown) | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST68 69 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Ya Ta Na Thin kha ABB genomic composition chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1755 YaTaNaThin kha M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. burmannica Classification Ya Ta Na Thin kha (ABB) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Myanmar Uses Unknown Notes • Obtained from a collecting mission without related information Genomic features • High contribution from M. a. ssp. burmanica/ siamea • A genome similar to Klue Tiparod A genome (possible pedigree relationship) IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST68 69 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Chuoi Xi Mon Classification Chuoi Xi Mon (ABX) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Triploid (3x = 33) Main distribution area Vietnam Uses Unknown ABX genomic composition Notes Genomic features • Bears an unidentified genome  • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 due to unbalanced crossing-over between banksii and M. schizocarpa (not shown) chr01 1 2 3 chr02 1 2 3 chr03 1 2 3 chr04 1 2 3 chr05 1 2 3 chr06 1 2 3 chr07 1 2 3 chr08 1 2 3 chr09 1 2 3 chr10 1 2 3 chr11 1 2 3 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1386 Chuoi Xi Mon M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. malaccensis M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa Undetermined Deletion | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST70 71 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Kalmagol AABT genomic composition chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC1920 Kalmagol Classification Kalmagol (AABT) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Tetraploid (4x = 44) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Island) Uses Dessert Notes • Silk-like tetraploid hybrid • First described by P. Allen in the 1960’s (as Kalamagol) during his collecting trip to Bougainville island. It was originally classified as AABB. Genomic features • It is a progeny from Silk-2 or alternative (3x gamete) and a Australimusa (1x gamete) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Australimusa IN DI VI DU AL A CC ES SI ON S O F PA RT IC UL AR IN TE RE ST | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST70 71 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Bengani ABBT genomic composition chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb Bengani Classification Bengani (ABBT) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Tetraploid (4x = 44) Main distribution area Papua New Guinea Uses Cooking Notes • Common in Papua New Guinea • Sold in markets of Port Moresby Genomic features • Progeny of Kalapua 2 (3n gamete) and a Australimusa (1n gamete) • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Australimusa | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST72 73 Passport Data Morphological Characterization Pictures Molecular Characterization Rekua ABBT genomic composition chr01 1 2 3 4 chr02 1 2 3 4 chr03 1 2 3 4 chr04 1 2 3 4 chr05 1 2 3 4 chr06 1 2 3 4 chr07 1 2 3 4 chr08 1 2 3 4 chr09 1 2 3 4 chr10 1 2 3 4 chr11 1 2 3 4 0 Mb 10 Mb 20 Mb 30 Mb 40 Mb 50 Mb ITC2025 Rekua Classification Rekua (ABBT) Biological status Cultivated Ploidy Tetraploid (4x = 44) Main distribution area Cook Islands Uses Cooking Notes • Kalapua-derived tetraploid hybrid • Rare cultivar, only a couple of plants left in Cook Islands • Linked to a traditional chant about the warrior chief Purekua Genomic features • Progeny of  Kalapua-1 (3x gamete) and Australimusa (1x gamete) • Small duplicated region in the centromeric zone of chr. 8 (not shown) M. balbisiana M. a. banksii M. a. zebrina M. schizocarpa M. a. malaccensis Australimusa | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS INDIVIDUAL ACCESSIONS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST72 73 | A GENOMIC CATALOG OF CULTIVATED BANANAS74 75 Resources Used Daniells J; Jenny C; Karamura D; Tomekpe K. 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