(2.幻方 汁:句:民寸 HJSTORICA v 一……叫叫叫心 …叫~ SCI在NτIFICτRAINING PROGRAMS 1983 7; .• ，::，1"，帥， i 、丸 CASSAVA GENEτIC RESOURCES L S紋志。 TECNOLOGY 口 BAS1C SEED J割n. I 關閉翩翩翩A Feb. Mar. Aprll. May. Jun. Lω-翩翩翩翩-幽-'- Jul. Auqust. S唔pt. Oct. Nov. Dec. FIGUf有 E 2. TRAINING PROGRAMS ON EACH COMMODITY 終ELD AT CIAT IN 1983 AND SHORτINτENSIVE COUI尋SES CONDUCTED ON SEEDS AND ON GENETIC RESOURCES. 丸" FIGURE 3. DEVELOPA是ENT OF PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY AND RETENTlON OF RESEARCHERS IN NATlONAL INSTlTUτIONS， AND IN AREAS TRAINED DURINGτHE PERIOD 1969 一 1979 ， No. of persons that remain y 600 75 50 25 500 75 5位 25 4日。 75 50 25 300 75 5位 25 200 75 50 25 100 75 50 25 。 • D. 重 Research I nstitution事 Ar楓s trained 100 4 已 200 300 400 500 給o. of p都阻ns t時ined q色 1100% 荐， 75% l J 看 l ;50% .1.25% 600 ￡ '" ‘ to another org晶niz盈tion. permanency of CIAT-tr矗 ined Figure 4 exemplifi 睦$ that for th控 Central An除叫“- 7 theír employing even if movi ng posítíons or past-tíme recent indíc晶tíons point to even better research , stayed in 1n other progr益ms or to administrative organizations and 81% stayed full 抖。 re if not a11 countγy in severa 1 BUW F-G m叫a r nud qJe < u m甜 r 2uny r nuJwnH ea psρh nurnRM F -1 βh ιn eL nH t LH C F 俺們"。丸之d詢、v .• in countries. 語ithín the center's proj車cted stγate雪Y ， the early eíghties hav甘 withnessed another mayor intention晶]草hift in direction in CIAT's training. Concomit晶nt with the decreas睦 of short cours在 participants at CI呆τ 丑行 看 , rapidly being promoted of "ín個 country courses for 會xt告nsioníst草， and more i ncrease i s place prior to 1980. offere這 through the years , T品的 e <) progr盈m or unit. Presently they are technologí 世 s are 矗vailable or about to beco綴e with the purpose of assisting the cases of countries with large Few of these had taken and by recently in regional Table 8 in the Appendix lists in-country courses gives the numbers trained by years timely offered when new varieties or courses. 5; Figure see given co垃ntry ， few In a -VV A命令臣、 1 11 研 •• ?'h aa MVVE 2υ E KH 典" &auLK 11 81 、ia oc ., AV JHMCO 、 I am ouavw 叭刊 伊2φiMmυnrq syn conν 」U ﹒1 .可'，悅 H 寺， b nvpuau 2日FVamHF壘 au. 、. ACKυ sm nhnv 紗， FL in 華告 va i1矗ble Peru an or extensionists 。f countries researchers ro 1 e for groups pl ay the or South Asia. same in-country course may focus and educators. Regional region like Central America a cours告草 in 昌 、 at low level 草， in The very poor ava i1昌bi1 íty and internat10nal Degree-related training , howev世 r ， re閥ains at present still spite of assignment of highest priority by CIAT. of funds for 晶cademic gradu晶 te study , in the national and number of interested candidates enviγon章. restrícts considerably the national programs who se時d their Ph.D diss控 rtation and to CIAT for Masters thesís researchers increased from have Nevertheless their numbers rese晶 rch. 1980 盈nd to thirty two in 1983 Two thir性S of them 昌 re ln 1976 to sixteen 1n in 1970 to thirteen two “陶 2 this year). 1n completed their thesis from deve 1 opi ng (of which 21 Thes君 (pγesently 矗 re wi 益ely used in CIAT and countries. τhe dev惡lopm詮nt 在吾吾 pro社uction of training materials was inítiated in the τraining Office ìn 1976 in the form of "au話 iotutorials" ﹒ produced in the Comunication-Information Unit) ;', Fiji-i FIGυRE 4. DVr這AMICS OF THE COMPOSITION OF A NATIONAL BEAN PROGRAM AND PERMANENCE OF CIAT-τRAINED PERSONNEL. M ~ Mejoramiento E : Entomología F 也 Fítopatología MB = Microbiología • = Coordinador del Programa 戶.. En comisió的 de estudios 部= Con Capacitaci抑制 1M F E CIAτ F" M 1973 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 日2 Participaci告n de !nvestigadores en el Programa Ph.D M.S M.S i M.S M.S Ph.D Ph.D M.S E " , 9 喜喜 569 RICE CASSAVA 540 510 T‘ PASTURES (lNCLUDING BEEF) 442 SEEDS 問 450 420 圈 570 BEANS 國 480 282 390 360 330 300 270 2尋§ 210 180 的﹒廿泛《包恥。可←位 dM恥的心騙的 MLDCnv 1、 152 150 120 90 60 30 車3 NU!濕BER OF PARτICIPANτS OF IN-COUNTRY TF毛AINING COυ民SES ASSISTED BY CIAT 1974-1草草3. 誰是車180 7會78 77 76 75 74 FIGUf司在話，/ in countries. Development of other trainin♀終aterials ;s also promoted by the Tr矗inin雪 。ffic控 Production res扭捏 rch man揖als developed for the courses have been publ;shed ;軒 Cass置 va ，品nd Pest Control of Cassav晶 others 晶re rece;ving completion for publìcatìon onγìc盟， an益 be直ns. Conferences ìn the first five years were few and largely opportunistic 話。煦的ops became more fre有uent in the secon這 half of the 如cad曹 and many of these attempte這 to exchange and 9品 in knowledge to ass;st in the development of C1好 co紛紛dity programs , and to help establish working relations w;th 10 cooper昌ting countr;es in a networking 在pproach. Co那nOdity research n告tworks are now consolidated in beans , (IBYAN) , rice (IRτP) ， tropical pastures (RIEPT) and less-structured , but never吃he1ess emerging , region昌 1 groups of Latin Ameγica and of As;a doing research in cassava re1ate社 to CIAT and among them. To assist these network雪， conferences are prog悶悶悶d every two years for the r;ce IRTP and for the tropical p直stures RIEPτ ， every four years for the beans IBYAN and as occ矗sìona11y as neede這 for cass挂V在. Besides serving as venue for presenting advances in rese晶 rch wi thi n the network草， these conferences foster Ilsprit d啞 corps“ and the exch挂nge of ;nformation among 聆訊bers 制d f晶cil ì tate the 呵reeing of common stra控制的 for research and transfer. 1n addition , smaller but stil1 important subregìonal and subregional networks have formed under encouragement of CIAT's seed unit in Centra1 America the Ande揖 n Region and the Southern Cone. 。ccasional conferences in cooperation wìth subregional organ;zations assist the evolution of these networks. 1n 益ltern晶t告 Y睦晶γ旱， each program holds workshops and meetìngs of v挂 rìous sìzes , to assist some of th申 network 品ctivities or ìts coordination and to focus on "specìal top;cs" that 晶 re crìtical issues or problems needìng consu1tation and consolidation of p1ans to solve an挂 to 位iscuss research progress or sel 最ct br控告dìng materìals. On the aver聶哥思， ten such workshops are h位1d at C1AT each year several of which are cosponsored with other nat;onal regìonal and internationa1 organizations. Table 11 in the Append;x shows a typica1 ca1en社ar of conferences. Several workshops involving C1AT cosponsorship are a1so he1d of otheγloc在 tions in Colombia or other countries. A projection of conferences for the next five years has been pγepared and is pr思 sente益 in CIAT's up-dated document on int車rnational cooperation. 4 Concluding this section , that attemps training and conferences strategy and oper晶tions ， it is important to emphasize th昌t CIAT's training and confer告nc腔 s alw昌ys evo1v車拉inamically in the cont睦其t of the intern晶tlonal cooper晶tion str轟tegy of each of CIAT's commodity programs , in step with th控制。1ution of its whole an這 with th在t of each pro♀ram and unit It a1so evo1ves 品品 tlona1 pro雪T置問S ， and to whom traìnin♀ mandète. 11 as a evo1ution of V4 軒" SD em p3. , .. ", 給 ?a 昌 nufLη 妒， ny mwd2nMRH O--紗， +au nVaudU Lnn hw 戶、rn' ‘AZ ﹒司，內 U DLφι'" sv' 偉、哈 Eta-w r-eCM nu 軒" HMW 矗riv-- v.e n3c nndHM .、emUMWHM A P-v rFt nm r 臼 8.-f 9+ι' 。 喜razi 1 of Cass昌va ， innovations Panama: r控 lease話 。 f CIME相毒O.f Thailand: improved of beans. CMC師再o of cassava pl 日$ 。f ríce and Huetar and Corobici Do紋inican Repub1ic: CR 1113 。f ç在 ssava. Cost在 Rica: Rayong 1 cultura1 practices. fi; 三五 Haiti CMC-40 of cass昌va Braz i1: (CNP將F) Pl 矗nt protection practices in cassava. In other countries CIAT 盈lumni have helpe社 lmpγove their own germplasm or CIAT's segregating materials and cultural practices having released their own v晶 rieties or technologies such as in Perú. the Dominican Republic , 終盡 1 直ysia (cassava) In過ia (cass昌 va) and Ch i1 e (色eans). In stil1 a third group of countries , CIAT-trained scientists actively cooperating with CIAT's programs 日γind控pendents ， have been testing anc' selecting new lines from CIAT and from others sourc告s 500n to be γ自 leased as new varieties in Brazi1 , Argentina , Cuba , Nicar晶gu晶， E1 Salv晶dor ， Haiti , Indonesi 品， Keny晶， u雪anåa ， 旦首 rundi ， r'la1awi Rwand是 and Tanzania. Lastly , but a1so import串 nt ， the exchange of information and materia1s among countries by CIAT-trained professi 日n車ls ， with CIAT staff p1aying cata1ictic roles , ha5 led to the exchange and introduction of finish告d v矗rieties from Co1ombi 莓. and Guatem昌 1a into others countr吋 es as in the case of bean草， to Cub盡 an這 Argentina that have rel 會矗ses them as c。如erci 器 1 varieties in 轟 clear example of successful of horizont丑 1 cooperation. I d芒serv控 s a 1 so "治ntion the impo l'tant roles played by 354 persons trained in the seed un it (1會77-1983) in the strenghtening of the official seed programs and of the pγivate and semiprivate se哥拉 in重ustry ， in regard to production. proc芒ssin告， quality control and marketing. Although their direct benefit to seeds of CIAT commoditi 啞$話。es not yet seem very evident the overall effect on the seed industry is expected to benefit th芒 release and spread of new ric靶， be品n an社 pastur芒 varieties in the near futur睦 Of course such benefit dlso assist efforts of others centers in the CGIAR 主ystem. 2. Training trainer‘ S. The rapi d 間u1tiplication of persons traine話。n CIAT's commoditi 控s by means of in 刪 country courses has been possible 1 矗γgely du控 to the "role as trainer草" played by CIAT's alumni. Between 50 and 90草 of the instruction in those courses is done by CIAT酬trained staff of the national programs. At 1 east 1. 700 罰。 re prof睦ssio們在 1 s h聶 ve been that way traine化 A益ditional 12 是 • ‘、 ~ 13 know is 品nd in other courses by CIAT alumni training done to add to th揖 t multiplication effect consideγably ， in universities , 1 、jtiie 繭， although no attempt h晶S it pr患cisely.to II驚喜ssurebeen made research n思tworks.Contributing to the qrowth and operatíon of A very large proportion of the members 1 位formal ， on b控ans ， 3. or networks forma 1 。f research are se睦dsríce and tropical pastures and on of information and cassav晶， exchange research and develop間ent strategi 自$ conferences (workshops , Their commu時ic昌tion ，CIAT a 1 umn i. 可， ... pγomoted and meetîrgs) , research and consolid晶 tion of c車總紛問 assiste社 by means of periodic an effective 晶nd efficíent mechanism to foster cooperation accomplish technology transfer. 80th , trainig 晶 n拉 conferences have thus contri忌uted much to the development and operation of those networks. is semînars , research leading to generation of results 5trenqhteninq of n串tional proqrams. Technology transfer 矗nd cooper晶 tîve new 泌的nology 壘γe import矗nt short-term goa15 whose 的elping to strenghten the national programs 尋， can be casily important , releasin嘗 but longer term goa1 , more difficult to assess in short time. An atempt is being made to assess the effect of training in strenghtening s會 1 ected i n Mexi切， Guatemala Ecuador and Pe刊， by means of c轟$告 hi stories of those programs has evolved and gained stγ告nght over , the years with CIAT' s ass í stance. Hhíl e it wíl 1 take longer tíme definít睦 effects can be meassured it may be concluded at the pγ旦旦控 nt that the success of ICTA and of other national progr昌ms 1n is proof th在t strenghtening has been accomplished to This process must continue successful1y .in accord with the CIAT program's 雪tr晶t皂gy of increasingly descentralizing national programs t車king incr車在 sing respons在bi1i ty tow晶宮、d self sufficiency in applied re草色矗 rch and takìng up , on a national or regional of the work that CIAT programs now do.τhat will be a mayor and durable contribution of CIAτtoward solvíng world foo垂 problems ， and a ev體 n more is 矗seen. \ programs Figure 4 shows how one before more a n控w technologies consi 是erable extent. research; more the b晶 5i 旱， must pursue. that CIAT progra除草long-ter聞事。a1 F PROGRESS 1 制 TRAINING A詞o CO持 FERE起CES 1 但 1983 1. TRAINING The following highlight developments i 扣 training activitie事。f CIAT this ye晶r. 1}τhe output of training at headquarters i 們 1983 increased some over 1982 but decreased slightly in the categories of esp堅cialization. 2) Two new fi 內心time intensive courses 附re introduced one on "Cassava Processing~Utilizationu with fU õ1 ding from UNDP 是們這 another on "Co l1 ection and M謹nagement of Genetic Resources" jointly with IBPGR. 3) Regional/subregíonal courses were start早d on beans and on seeds , both for the Centr挂 1 Americ串n subγegion focused on problems those countries fac曹. 4) Attention t昏 Eastω車frican countr吋 es was increased in the be在n program to assist th睦 res壘昌 rch ， and international cooperation efforts of the Bean Program for that regío仁， 5) Ir• country courses assísted by CIAT corr軒lodi ty programs and the seed unit continued to ari ,e entnusiasm and to increase in occurrence in natíonal pr口gra~s. Seventeen such courses weγe hel 忌 in 1會喜3. Item one , abov皂， sU9gests a gain in st矗bility of tr在 ining personnel in natíonal programs , coupled wíth a slight d腔cr控ase in demand for training at CIAT , as a partíal substitution effect from in-country and subregíona1 cours的“ Information obtained during visits to nation的 programs corroborate th巴se conc1usíons. Figure 4. shows in det晶 i1 how permanency of trained personnel has improved in Guatemala in th昔 recent years. The consecuence of this gain in permanency ;s a m白re stabl控告nd fγ語itful nation在 1 research progra悶， 14 、 " 15 1983 is given in Appendix Appendix table 2 zlfdJIt=Ta 滑雪，已全 ;n each program/unit. trained in CI血? It 自nT直bl 告 τhe s告告dman-months of tr矗 ining. 。f all participants wer想 commodities , utilizi呵 8的 of the tota1 unit tr晶 ined another 30% utilizin售 13% of the total rese矗rch training 71草 of the be noted tha t 6。當 " v isitin嘗 researcher" participated in res睦晶rch ， representing 90% of the man months training fro照 the commodity programs whi1e on1y 29% participate in representing 10% of man months of training輛output. il1ustrates the centers present emphasis on the mor申$自 1 i 亞 specialized medium and long-term training at hea世quarters for r單純archers; with the intentional r晶 pid bu i1 d明up str告tegy for personnel 1n of Also , 綴矗n-months. COll當nodity speci 轟liz晶tions and thesis • ... short data in conctrast These courses of the seed sector. Begree-related traininQ. from developing to do their The cent腔 r's strategy document of 1981 endorsed by the CIAT 80晶 rd has given high priority to the high categories of training , special1y 開aster' s and Ph.D degree-related. Thirthy two graduated stu謹控nts con社ucted rese丑rch 矗t CIAT during 1會83. See table 4 in the App芒ndix; thi 草， while hi 雪her than in previo諒s ye昌 rs (18 in 1雪80) is not enough as desir草blιIn spite of CIAT's efforts to attract c昌 n往 idates from national progr挂ms ， there do not seem to b去它們ough fun還ed opportunities for graduate study of persons co 區 ntries to allow suffici程nt candidates from national þrograms Jsi3\4 research at CIAT. 弓­ 穹 New cou resources was held exemp 1 ifi es A new course on "Co11ection an苦 Preservation of genetic in cooper品主ion with IBPGR. This type of ocasion矗 1 cooperation with others centers within the CGIAR and helps to course interest among most of the centers and natiooal programs. introduced this year was in "Processing and Ut i1 ization in conctγast with th控 multidisciplinary and int思nded specifically to 轟草草 ist the efforts of reioforce areas of common Another new course a specialized cours憩 research co泣rse ， of Cassava" , cassava The total profile of traini 軒9 output at CIAT in a program/unit 矗od category distribution provid控s additional details for disciplines d亞 serv睦 s to the cassava program for rapidly developi呵 and spread;ng technology for more and better util;zation of the crop. Reqi ona 1 & Subregi包且三扭扭es. λsubregional course was conducted in bean research倫production w;th emphasis ;n 0鳥-form trials , in Costa Rica in cooperation with the University of Costa Ric直 and the Ministry of Agricu1ture 斜AG. Participants from Hon社uras 16 Nicar矗gua ， G話atemala and E1 Sa1vador were sponsore還 by CIAτAlso ;n Costa , Rica CIAT's Seed Un;t assisted the Association of See往 Techπ。logists of Central Amer;ca and the Caribbean (ARTES) to conduct a subγ何 ional cou門e 00 seed quality control. The german DSE funded several p是 rticipants from other countries in the subregion. These cours思 s are of a type that is expected to be utilized more fre需uently in the futul^e to pl"ovide training ori控nted to problems spec;f;c to the region they wil1 focus on a rr汁 X of research and extension personnel and wil1 emphasis on-farm research as special 晶spects of seed production. Range of Cooperation with National lnstitutions and enterpriseS. The first and most frequent 0γganizations with which CIAT cooperates in tr晶 ining 矗約d conferences are its counteγ part national 哩。vernmental research , organiz直tion such as 1 輯 IA in Mexico , ICτA in Gu串 temal 品， ICA in Co10悶bia EMBRAPA in Brazil or 睦quivalent programs as dep晶rtments in Ministries of Agriculture like the Departments of Agγ;culture in Thailand or in Kenya. In a few instances when strong res控arch pγ臼grams exist in univeγsities ， they are inclu益ed ， such as the University of Costa Rica , or the university of San Marcos “ lVITA ;n Peru. Training on a limited basis is furth哩 r 閉ade avaílable to otheγ5位 lect universities and ext控nsion or development organizations. 10 most of the cas的 training is purposely 晶greed up冊， to prepare researchers and extension leaders for specifical1y collabor轟tions plans of CIAT's commodity programs. Likewise Confer世nces invit壺es are carefu11y selected to represented co1aborating national programs.τraining and conf告 rences activities of the Seed Unit h晶 ve bγoadened 晶 ppreciable the range and scope of participating organizations to numerous private 晶nd semi official companies. 17 in 34 countries with which C1AT Appendix tab 1 含 5 lists 113 organizations co11 告borated through training in 1983. i2431j 悔 lncre直sinQ attention to E矗st Africa and Asi矗. 1n the p直 st most of the training from CIAT went to participants fγom countries in L昌tin America with few from Asi串 and Af ric在. With the opening , • by th芒 Bean Program of cooper晶tion with countries of East Africa consi 是er直ble attention is being given by training to Kenya , Uganda , Etiopia , Rwanda and Zambia. A conference was held at CIAT • Burundi , in cooperation with the Bean C買 ISP“Title Xlr to discuss future cooperation with leaders of bean A person from Egypt was trained in beans for the first time and others from Turkey and the Mi ddl e East Ar昌b countries are expected to come for training i 持 198尋 In p1anne注 that CIAT will collaborate w;th in 1985. Tanzania , Mal 晶wi on now 16 “ 21 "'" research in those co口ntries. regard to tropical pastures ILCA to teach a course on p矗stures í t i s research 矗nd intern矗tionalintensifying its Condidates have 矗 1 ready been -auw t pb a間 ，3 缸" -1+ι uu mwo aξd r mUJWιmH nUWEhTU r--缸， M aunN U .< uw a--F品 &L ea-nu 2U 阱， ca c - RVS QLhuo 』 缸"的 UL防 守， FLW?! identified for 開S have come for especialized trainin穿 at planned for 1985 with U其DP f泣nding. research training and others is reseaγch A cours會 on cass晶va courses. h三型旦!1.. CIAT. 令、 col1abor是tion with CIAT programs to national programs assistance to cond日ct in-country courses release of those varieties or cult垃ral practices. Figure 6 , 1983. rel 控矗se new varieties the As countries in center offeγs ti約ely with the and Table th告 courses held in shows the Appeηdix Financin母 of TraininQ. 10 in • During 1983 CIAT funded 79 p晶 rticipants with 312 man months of training representi ng on體 thir忌。f a11 particip昌nts and slightly less than one half (45叫 of a11 man months of training (eχcepting postdoctoγa1s) 90% of CIAT funds went to finance specializations gra岳uate thesis and other medium and dr-h22363jj mEshum-MO 玄， ZH 區的 得已伺 EEECG-g ‘《山的gaESoo- 的《 QJdHO.Z3 話叫 W枷wgoHM ，dHQ 叫whd 現抖的。。 -zh .. d gzzsonymwuhJHUMOWL 叫時雪的山已 uhd 咒年訣。 mv品“ MHWood 叫經 1::-3 MAG-Cuba … 一… 空且 EORev- 宜。同臼 MHHHM 主 ESCU--5nMMMHMMQ 約一AESCHVZMwuh 《 HMMQ 凶比例的糾糾紛 MU mvEmcm 弘 設山的 .J 《法 .zoυ 0 日× ω間隔 iL戶〉茲話叫“ u ARTES Costa Ríca IN‘COUNTI有VCOυRSESτHAτTOOK PLACE IN NAτ1m這AL PI可OGRAMSWIT泌 CIAT、 ASSISTANCE H這 1983_ > Q:! I 、' 惡，:IGURE 19 10ng輛 term training. Forty six others org昌niz直tions financed two thìrds of a11 participants and slightly over h矗1f the total man腳months of trainìng. Outstanding donors were the UN阱， the government of Germ晶ny (throu雪h Gτ2 an益 。況，) the government of Swizerland (funding training in the Seed Unit) the IBPGR (Course on Genetic Resources). Tab1e 6 in the Appendix 1ists detai1 在 11 fi nanci a 1 and ìn categories sponsors for different iii 、￡ 、 fellows. Post-這位ctor挂1 "" Prog悶m Committee the fellows 矗nd visiting scientists to come to recommendation of CIAT's opportunitic主 for post重octora1 CIAT for one or t蟬o ye在rs of research have been In acc告rd with a Twelve research 1983. postdoctoral fel' 。“s contribut是這 with theiγ ?告search skills this year while they underwent on-the-job , hìgh唔 leve1 tr吾 ìning for f話tur曹 po草草 ible work in the tropics on CIAT commodities. incr控ased in CONFERENCES. I I. Ouring 1983 fourteen workshops seminars and meetings 柵re held by the co酬。dity programs of CIAT ín support of theír res桂arch networks strategíes for research on priority probl 睦脫s. Figure 7 and table 11 in the Appendix lists a11. Specíal Collaborative Bean Research in East Afri 帥， the Global Wokshop on Root and Tuber Crops Propagation held jointly with IITA one CIP. TI1告 V Conferencre of the lnternation矗 1 Rice T睦sting Program for Latin Americ蠱， the 憐的i n9 of the Advi sory Committe of the Tropi ca 1 Pastures Network 約d the 諾orkshop On the Development of the latin 枷eri can and and to shows the focus on \ deserve mention mayor ones the Semi na r on 是. Caribbean Seed S惡ctor • . t y International Cooperation w矗 s he1d in conection with th費 10輛ye墨rs C思 1ebration of CJAT. During this workshop ，關轟 5 V會 ry 會vid設nt th矗t relationships have been develop控d betw會en countγy The 10th Anniv曹γ$矗 ry Si給posium on the Tropics added an outstanding - V且， nHBU -4te cdvg mh a s v.v.- 、­ nu3nuιHOE+aw w •• pa nν-aawpa nHHE 于gPLaunenH 74rE PLur 4LP 』 AU 可tgl nHHunH Wwwnu 伶EUnu 、 1. 旬， C JGr nHnudψE. o.砂 AHAun --伊 •• wzpzuw slnuw SInu AU 也L nHO 心 aqMn 叭HnυarM. 、， 可l&'"司，ieHUa-ED hlODIτY PROGRAM TROPH的L SEED SU車輛TOT且LS BEANS CASSAVA RICE PASTURES UNIT QTHE晨5 lNSTlTU紅色揖 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 URUGUAY Centro Cooperativista Uru書uayo VE輯EZUELA Univer到 dad Central de Venezuela FONAI主P Asia THAILANO: State Dept. of 聶華r開明IY Africa KE輯可真: Minis甘'Y of Agricul翰內 tSYPT: Vegetable 醫.S. OP. τA揖ZANIA: n啥也110141 Agrlcultural Center Tanz鞘;a Agricultural Research Org. Univ. 0.. Es S.laam 21MBAB揖E Univers1ty of 21mbabwe Z必喝:如 Z8I晦ia ûovernment 1 l 1 1 1 1 111 EEI 1 1 1 1 -8- CO~哥哥哥 D !TY PROGRAM SUB-TOTALS INSTlTUTI ON SEEO G其IT τROPICAL PASTURES OTHERS Oeveloped Countries UN lTEO STATES 輯ississippτState University University of Califor.刊a Cornell Uoiversity Mlchi售肘1 State University J.fferson School 話筒 Iversity of Purdue Oh奇。 State Uoiversity 2231111 2 RICE CASSAVA z 1 BEA持S 嚕。電&可 •• COUNTRV/nISTlTUTlON OR ENTERPRISES 1 8ELG lUM' Unlversity of 必棚bloux : 1 l/ESτGER以前Y Techn.ieal University of 80rHn 1 1 I I 1 1 1 聽OtLAHD 。nlvers i.ty 01 Wa章制11ngen University of r1 0rida 詢問190 Rel.ti酷IS Ministry 1 UNlτED KINGOO輯 University of 誼ew C.stle 1 1 3主P州 JlCA 、 1 250 22 F 73 34 32 l 32 57 \ TOTAL 少 . 會輔1:551個餓S lMIRJ:P 州 CIAT 1M I 'JIll. S紋絲[ Or SI1PPO認可 ANO t^TrωRY 前，棚"史哲Tabl. 巷， 11243 旬 ïiüLTl1ì犯m口阪iW INτEN51VE COURSE PARTICIPANTS CATEω附 Or mAI川NG VIS IlI剝G ASSOCI^TE RESEARC刊E認$ VIS lT INQ RESEARCIlERS Sl路.TOτALS RESEARCH 玄則LARSPECIAL! ZAT! ON T際訂E MS N捌 THES1S THES1S PhO S飢JRCE OF SUP向前 恥.桶前站 3(13.30) 79(312.50) 5(16.56) 1(5.♀3) 2(2.的 1(l.S) 8(25.86) 3(7.臨l 26(盡量 .43) 4(22.50) 1(9.13) 2(3.10) 1( 0.揖} 恥.糊nths 16(幸自.晶} 2(1 .60) 2506.5) 2(2.6) 1(1占1 5(2.5) 1{0.90) 1(0.90) rto.Months No.Months 1(4 , 93) 46 (19ι90) 3(14.76) 2(11.36) 2(4.&在} 1(5 “93) 4(22.>0) t(Z.紛} 也必必恨恨品的必主也必您必且 1(札03) 10(46 ,73) 4 (1 9.40) 1(5.03) 1(2, 73) 1(4.3) 3(1 9.40) 1{12.0) 1(9. 13) l(盔，的} 1(0.90) 1(0,73) 11(63.56) l(串.90) 1(5.03) 1(0.73) 3(5.9) 1(5 ,63) 1位 .93) 17(36. 37) 1(1.96) 1(L3) 1(3.46) 1(3.30) 1(0.90) 1( 1.96) 1(4.03) 30(龜1. 50) 1(2.96) 1( 2.的 2(13.3) 19(16.26) 3(旱，多} 15(23.07) 1(1.喝} 1( 1. 事} H3.3O) 1(0.90) 1(1. 96) 27(31. 76) 1(1 .3) 1 7(1 3.甜) 主(12.0)5(20.33) 1(1.93) 1(l.3) 1(4.03) 2(6‘。6) 1(2.9) 1(12.0) 2(么會已} 1(3.6) )(2.96) ~ 1f Supported CJAT AJO. USA Cornell Unìver$ 1ty ,USA 臼C. Co1 01'咱Îð E間岫悶，也razil FAO. Ro暉 ford , USA DSE. Ge剛..y JDRC , Canada ICA , Cola喃i. SEA, Oominican Republic CJ酬村.峙叫帥 Min.kecursos Natura les I Hondυr.s Co1$酬i1!肘. Col酬bi. Agency Int , Coop.. Japan P詢問 們dagro. RepubHca 0創肘， 卅師阻- F叫d.Fullbright ， USA u附. norida. USA GTZ , Ge開過"Y P開$棚illas. 品1磁站站 fEOECA沌. Col由制a Proyecto SUilO CI製D INTA，卸扭nti閥 IAPA麓 9 Brazil '時g.Nal.草棚illas. Eua:dor M!DI持拙~ Hicar呵揖 Gobierno Svizo 蜘.G1輔ìbleux~ Belgi棚 E裊裊EC ， 變 lcaragua 臨終.馳1.吋a JBP在錢， ROI哨e ",. 4 (25.囂的 1(3.4至1 1(5.83) 1(5.63) 1(12.0) \ 1(7.8) 2(10.8) 2(8.94) 1(1, 8) 1(2 , 0) 1( 2.3) 1( 1. 96) 2(4.53) 1(4.03) 1( 1. 53) 1(1.8) 1(2.3) 10.9的 1( 1. 53) 2 (10.6) 1(2 .0) 1(1 .8) 1(急。 06) lNJPA. Peru uf是 IP銷~8IDI Pa悶醋 。[A ， USA Pr灣des.ur. f c:uador 特丹1ndust付.1 C甜IOr均1棍， SrazO Oirε C: .fx.Jujuy. 余rqen毛 ina 草包於 11. 位。. Colα咱i. lnt,ormll , USA 2(4.53) 。悅。 $t. tlnv.. USA l(ι03) U札 Téζ考核õgdà Jena .Cò lombla Ind. Arrocera Santa l\拾。 r. Col描'bi a:. 1(4.88) 1(1. 53) 1(0.90) 1(0 , 90) 1( 1.10) l( 1.60) 2~O(7f)U ， 9J) 1( 1. 53) 1(0 , 90) '1 ，0/電 A. A ..1 1 、 1(0 , 90) 1(1. 10) ‘'‘ o ^有 1(1‘[,0 ) 心.. 旬，必﹒叭... E先11. tkaz i1 表9TOp全ιuaria la Vlr9~n. GUðtcm"la E 區 LA ， O.役. ，l\rg肘，tina l智肘e 句什 Co削阱，Tð附"，l1 ð ;" Table 7. 只寫TOOCT磁滋LmL_ 1111 mTs 將磁鐵軌總數單純閉路 1勢13 DlSCIPlll使 ll!OPICAL Pl\SllIIf:S CASSAVi轟 鐵法甜S RIt草 1m室的 T(I\'此 NO.Months 幫o. Months 稽。 .Months 輯。 .Months 員。.詞。nths P1a爽t Breeding l(6.tO) 1 (6.<:0) Pathology 1(2.63) 1(7.03) 1(9.06) 3 (18. 72) Entomology 2(14.86) 2 (14.86) Econ開\ics l{O.93) 1 (0.會3) 章。ils 揖icroblology 1(12.00) 1 (12.∞} 2 (24.00) Uti l1 uti側 1(12.昏昏} 1 (12.00) Co冊號micatio食$ l(12.00) 1 (12.00) Soi 1s 1(11.16) 1 (11.16) T01.丸 的26.72 ) 3(31.03) 3(21.吾吾} 1(9.的} 1(12.00) 12 (99.81) r \ r 、 1 / 1 4 心叭心叫 . Ta起1e 8. IN.c()日NTRY COURSES ASSISTEO BY CIAτPROGR捕5 SINCE 1972 A持o NUMBER OF PERS岱!S TRAI時EO DURATION 輯封IMBER PROGRAM CO位詩TRY 1輯STl TUTl ON YEAR COURSE WEEK5 PARTICIPANTS 雇主州5 Hon誼uras Secretaría 普e Rec. 輯atura1es 1979 Production 3 30 Cuba 持inisterio de A'事ricu 1tura 1串串串 P悶duction 1.5 18 Co10mbia !CA組Fedecafe I曹車自 ProductioÍl 1 33 Co10部bia ICA愉Fedecaf毒 1981 Production 1 26 Co1 摺1bia !C島-Fedeεafé 1981 Pr。這uction 2 21 Co1ombi. ICA-Fedecaf是 1型81 Production 1 2有 Cuba Ministerio de Agricultura 1直81 Productlon 2 24 Nlcaγagua MIO!NRA 1981 Production 2 19 PerlÍ :輯 IPA 1981 production 2 27 Chile lNIA 1981 Production 2 1會 Cuba Ministe付。 de Ag什cultura 1982 Production 2 26 8ras i1 E拷BRAPA 1982 production 3 28 Costa Rica 耗晶晶. F蟲0 ， Univ. de Cost. Rica 1982 Producti啊， 2 27 Guatema1a ICTA, OIGESA 1草草2 Production 2 25 Honduras Secretaria de Rec. 揖atura1es 1982 Pr。這uction 2 29 Color抽 ia ICA瞞Fedecafi惡 1982 Producti 割草 1 22 ￡的朋，bla ICA-Fedecaf益 .CVC 1982 Produdion 1 43 Co1扭曲ia ICA 1962 Productio.n 1 23 Cuba Ministeγio de "書ricultura 1983 Produdion 2 31 車rasil EM8RAPA 1雪83 Production 軍 26 Costa Rica 開的. F品。. Univ. de Costa Rica 1書83 Production 2 28 R. 0紡ninicana SEA 1983 Production 2 29 Honduras Secret連ria de Rec. Naturales 1983 Production 2 2事 Co10mbfa ICA剛Fedecaf是 1983 Productlon l 33 Co1ombia ICA-Fedecaf吾愉CVC 1983 Pr哈拉uction l 14 挺直NS TOTAι 654 幽2- NUMSER PARτICIPANTS DURAτ10時 WEEKS COURSE YEAR I琵SτITUTlONCOUNτRV PROGRAM 30 20 28 30 2是 24 17 69* 39 3車 41 2221121zllz pγoduction Procluction Production Production Produetion Pro也letion Production Procluction and process Pro甚揖tion - So11 Integrated 叫悅均1 Production 1975 1980 1980 l空81 I告82 1982 1982 1普車3 1直在3 1983 1983 IC真 :誰 lA SEA , CE輯B主 DRI ?有inisterio de Agricultura E軒BRATER DRI DRI Fe桂ecaf，是 Unìv. de Caldu CENIV lT Colαnbìa H吾xico R. Dominicana Col敏nbia Hait; Brazìl Colombìa Colombia Colombia Col師bia Cuba 紋路SAVA 360 20 20 21 20 18 17 16 16 26 16 12 26 1費 72* 31 《υ' 。“ nv “unH'm-dAυawdau 可ARW 《UP 筒，， SFS 呵， 211111 Production PrOduction Procluction Production Production Pr。這uction 抖。如ction Production Production Pr哈薩uction Production Production Productlon Produc t1on 持必前tion l章74 1975 1976 1977 1雪77 1事77 1978 1978 I曹79 1雪80 1980 1981 1981 I紛2 1嘗嘗2 INIAP I輯:先P 草EA SEA SEA SE且 揖E思主 INIAP Secretar;a de Rec. Na訊Irales CIPA lD lAP Secretaria 曲賣前. Naturl1酷 IOIAP ANAA UPC紡織 Ecuador Ecuador R. Oomìnìcana R. D卸.inicana R. ()餌ninicana R. Dominicana Panamå Ecuador 障。nduras Perû Pan.má Honduras Pa媳婦 聽icaragua Hooduras 。路SAYA TOTAI. RICE 嗯， 356 F \ IUCE TOTAI. ' 2 、 -3- / 主 NUMBER PARTl CIPAI行5 DURATlON WEE tt而苟且會恥φ~吋…叫“必吋0fJUCC !:f'lN一一一…-t，.n Ç!τ:;: 1 --">f…叮叮叮 1 .勻 33 、 3 一……叫“…心一一一……ω吋 ,; I 丸 4μ' ‘二 c yC... 是!，-，..， i , 已 3丸 I J品已I.， T C..L......"l A. p', CU\;CCl': 1\ LC r. [J 微 1.)COCC L一 一吋卡---'共持汀艾布.:‘二…→甘放手qULt:Mh fiMHf←→-~古今←→:73333 i ~L {'- ..>一.~.. /1.[ ..:γ 0'-: ç i. 主 2 月 、}忌_'i:' ".i.'~ ('/(. -Cf'Lr，紗布;人 p ，J...i.iLl! 一~-'"三位也r:....2…一一~，!.. 9C_C.0_C一…一一---l -.,,1 l :1，，.:.> 、 ;~-.>υ 、." ;明訂了 1....-'':.; ;1 品 ú"; 心，肉、 ::'"~ ;:; 'L 九λr 必~， z.:. 八 [1. rlT :.J "\2J 已R" A V，亨 G C~V!S j 2.12 三 JJ 卜E 恥柵欄-_....-_.偏偏耐伽鯽----恥儡棚----曲，枷--祠~---... -----咐- j)'~r， u"'A;;;>t， ;>T 刊~r- r ~丸Lt::' 1....;, τ/d;l;.T. 仇一，內 v l. ~.Tr ::，. ρH') -吋吋--物伽------明---唱勵咽恥--也--_..“紗帽明--恥"編郎"﹒--‘你哪 i r←心 吋抖心 ?什叫寸金付一】 ih\- t;:;" ，;-"~一一一 一是「、亨、?廿一?而一…………叮叮←一………--，n這r 是再一… 一一…………“一 -SUP繁多是V …… 量，軒雪記事..一一一 一寸 , ， J 亨 ~;C DL ，之九r:羊 毛 At i:.j ~:=; J 一~.f;(;;， 7 U 叫豆、 J 、;;' 'LI}. ..., L , 心 ~:"--t"...t:iτ王一…一 刊[ L-f't;--~:-… --12.. 心“一一…一一 I 一…珊珊--一翩翩…三一…一-Wu--…一 叫一 可間… 叫“-;'衍，一 -----心 V r>t.、玄， ~ 一~--t..-:-:， T-;這-r 吋…一一-一一一…仟'"亡 1" … “ -……一一一- 31..:仆CHV ‘'eT3 ‘;盒 .. • -iJ C …;;u 一­ C Geec一"。 chw 乙 FUQ 趟 。 CGbAO 一輔 之心 ζr 門Zye--353 令- ζcrt 一­ mjh 尸叫‘ uv­ a ￡川 -e 一句 AA …喝 CECC …倫 -、JhN叭， -a …編 A 乞巫見 -a 一欄 ，Lcat 心，包 -E FL工 FZL 一偷 tu--E Ta?z- N …τυ 一­ 有 tw 心 IA 叫 三 iγAMm cz 恥 A- UC3U 一 、evyJI 一 向謂也可 pwr …iL 一 叫阿 tA ny- 輪“科〈-w " Jυ J令 " ...1;, , r' :.... i '- " ;;叫 .>1- .___-.}鴨，毛， 一乏，丸、~ ~ '" ..俺叫“ 1ι.~ '_f, ì f 、~-...!l‘ i恥 fd 2幫"υ" ，、.，ι l J. ,,,(,..;: C_L -,tJ A悶 L如 哩 x岫rυυ t'3 ￡、何 'L沁哈恥 2( 倆 )a@ … 4 鴨 zA內 λ f:τf ，1 、 iA蠱 I j-F/ ;、 -1 、 -ua ‘ AA ii-JV bJ 時'si' ‘、、 」zbd 內 ω州 、‘， ι? -ud > dr-v .orr 弓，、 , ; 1 ., c 卓';'~ 1 "'''J c!ζ~:: ! n ~~;J ~'L f這 V ",- '3':.已 F 人υ t":.,",, '.'y' 1 .'';'丸川.，;，入 .:; ~Ç;; AFτ 氣 呵 .4.tJj.~ \.> 11.-, J.'此; : ~ -' '.i、\.....， 'ì 三r 、，... ;'i" r!.;'.vlt~ r 、二..I"';'~ :'>1 (， :l:" l.亡 S 'f"l I 竺 .;R:也 C [ '""，，;-f: t ε7 、 )L 叫，\ ~>' :.. , r'，、 λde，戶 ")('b ll. C一…一一~t.LCr-t:l: C~f;一一一……一一 v.在伊拉?一個1 、 JL' ψJ;:"" ，' !':....I 亨 J 之f'. v'--:"'， ι1 (. H ,,: C; υEl;、叫 會令 A '8 L ι)' q '.'.(1)i)，) 月 1 ，、》二立。"也:~ 1 (..~μι 一ω 之ζ4 可斗斗~:'~ 1ι--斗:..\. 叫一-一 呵呵呵恥一」λ這〈 ω入:]，;! ,\ 咽忍 心恥 戶 1 Z .\'-"ν2ε …… 6 • '::'J.J.::::::: …...J 1-< __!、 κ:; r '" .，:~丸c:、::.:l凡~ l:q C汽，在;，，~:1 \0T.~': PlA!\.τs 弓I> L tt'-A令 J γ.0ι". f. 7 4一已J 1, 丸 c ，_、p. ~'~...!1" ，- :.lt;" 乞 Cl.，.l.'Il) ~‘， :;v , 肉、 G~.L~S PIZAQ 多 C Ë 4.!3~23 -=-門前 ι ‘川 、 、 恥 ! 圳-，唔， 二 v沒→」知句“!t'于于老抖叫，一間一字-r:;~‘「言之一……一一---叫冉、台.3á 3-斧~ ;， 1 ，-、、 ;>'~， J 戶 .. .í .J ，，\刊的糟 lCA 、/，....叮入 LN 蚓、'了~， ~ι心 !'..ALC :3 Pt7n~qG E "...C 2'、 13 :d( 、，{':"...， !J A 弓 1 --1:' 11.'''-肉、U<:A ，..AG 、JA SÇ'.~'tLLAS Ft:o:. GUSO I\ J 4. 勻。 o t.; 7 ;..t、內哉 ..!A UN 0f 戶AN .t:.-t::. ‘ 5,i:M I LCAS F在 "Gusn t\ J 、..烹 )~3 鴨、 而 … -~ ~叫e…﹒的一心一忍心圳、一叫““…斗也f 叫戶戶~~-，~. \、 • 、，.忘 了一。、 υL 1 ';f 、 ..μ( ， f:. ,")• f'.V :;T1" 表兮'>.'戶~ v t 5!γ 丸仇 7 丸 d 亭台治 3 ' 、 '" . ? 旬 、 'T 几 戶，三 γ , "n 主一一-…削伽叫間耐心斗廿三午且也一“=且去而工μ.; C ., /. Y,.,._4,A;,1l. 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