Livestock farming innovations: unlocking agricultural productivity and sustainability Michael Dom PhD, Principal Scientist – Momase Regional Centre What is the premise? ▪ Livestock farming innovations are a key for unlocking agricultural productivity and sustainability, and resolving economic value and market value ▪ Market value is the price of something, such as an asset that's determined by the supply and demand of the asset in the marketplace. The economic value represents the maximum amount a customer is willing to pay for something (Investopedia.com) ▪ Innovation is the process of creating value ▪ What is the product? What are livestock innovations? The five core elements of animal production: Genetics, Nutrition, Health, Reproduction, Environment Technical information, business models and manuals for developing local feed mills as SME [2010-2017] An example of a value chain map for small-scale pig production in Lae (Morobe) and Mount Hagen (Western Highlands). Source: Michael Dom and Theo Simos, for ACIAR project ASEM/2010/053 7th HUON SEMINAR ACHIEVING VISION 2050 THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION, RESEARCH, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY November 13th to 14th 2013, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea HS72013-HS-000 Past, Present and Future Prospects of Pig Production to Achieve Vision 2050 Michael Dom, Workneh Ayalew, Phil Glatz, Roy Kirkwood and Paul Hughes What does the feed industry look like? Value chain assessments Research project experiences Industry production Technical appraisal Recommendations Sketch image by Michael Dom Value chain analysis needed, for example, IFPRI survey report ‘Mini feed mills for rural poultry production in PNG requires a network of input suppliers to ensure sustainability’ Peixun Fang, Dickson Benny, Raywin Ovah, Emily Schmidt What are the local feed resources? Available feed resources for pigs, poultry, fish Feed Protein content (%) Volume (tonnes) PNG Millrun 12 33,000 PNG oil palm kernel meal 18 31,000 Sorghum imported unknown 26,000 PNG copra meal 21 21,000 PNG fish meal 58 6,000 Rumion maize 11 5,800 Farmset maize (2021) 11 120 Total available 122,800 Feed ingredients Ingredient utilization Current demand vs supply Translating feed (nutrient) requirements into feed production demands Underutilized alternative feed resources, e.g., Spent brewers grain, yeast and hops, coffee pulp, cacao pods, Galip pulp, poultry offal meal, blood meal etc. Source: Adapted from Bourke, R.M. and Harwood, T. (ed.) Food and Agriculture in Papua New Guinea, ANU E Press, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, 2009 A commercial agricultural supplier responding to market needs FARMSET LIMITED produce a range of chicken and pig feeds including protein concentrates. Only the Farmset Pig concentrate is available off the shelf, while Broiler or Layer concentrates may be ordered in 1 – 4 tonne bulk. The Farmset Feed-mill represents a significant investment in the livestock sector but remains undervalued and understudied. Here is one entry point for livestock innovations to turn the revolving lock on agricultural productivity and sustainability by developing local value chains. Note that Farmset had different volumes (and pricing) of 10 kg and 20 kg bags of Pig Concentrate. It is not entirely profitable for a feed-mill to produce and sell protein concentrates. More about feed mills in PNG Labu Station returned to the basics – processing and storing root & forage crops as dried, milled or fermented feed by utilizing locally available and easily accessible technology and blending diets with the available Farmset pig and poultry concentrates Livestock research officers have provided hands-on training to fellow agricultural workers Shredding mill – performance testing Farmset Feed-mill visit On invitation from GM Mr. Rob Foley, Samuel Toposona and I visited the new feed-mill at Voco Point in late 2020 Reported in NARI Nius early 2021 https://www.nari.gov.pg/2021/01/26/livesto ck-research-seeing-positive-results-feed- making/ We have close contact with the Farmset team through Sales Manageress Ms. Jenny Kusai (Far right) Currently Labu Station is stocking all Farmset feed and promoting the use of pig, broiler and layer concentrate feed Farmset Stockfeed Factory – YouTube https://www.nari.gov.pg/2021/01/26/livestock-research-seeing-positive-results-feed-making/ https://www.nari.gov.pg/2021/01/26/livestock-research-seeing-positive-results-feed-making/ https://www.nari.gov.pg/2021/01/26/livestock-research-seeing-positive-results-feed-making/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1T2Xvp_z2Q Training Lihir Farm Managers Mini-feed Mill Operation LIHIR FARM manages piggery and poultry production units which supply the mine site as well as local markets. The mine is the main customer for whole carcasses of both pigs and poultry. Local market is mostly for live animals. Due to poor economic performance necessitating Lihir Mine to subsidize the cost of buying imported feeds, the farm was looking to rationalize operations and localize feed sources. This training was part of a process to reduce costs firstly by utilizing local feed resources, then making full use of the available farm land for feed and fruit and vegetable crop production by also recycling animal manure into composted organic fertilizer. This training program was facilitated by Australian consulting firm Business For Development as a sustainable farming concept. Image: Michael Dom (NARI) and Solomon Sotman (B4D) with the training agreement documents. A concern for economically and environmentally sustainable commercial farming encouraged trialling of the NARI poultry and pig feeding systems Action: Field visits facilitated practical and technical discussion Theory classes were 2-3 hour sessions interspersed with field visits and practical work at Labu Station Image: Lihir Farm managers with Dr Dom at the NARI rice fields Outcome: Lihir farm Is processing cassava into meal and blending nutritionally balanced diets for pigs and poultry A program managed by Business For Development consulting firm to introduce mini-feed mill operation for utilizing local feeds and recycle animal waste into feed crops towards better economic success and environmental sustainability Wonderland Agristock Ltd, in Hela Province is managed by Mr. Solomon Sotman https://www.facebook.com/wo nderlandagristock https://www.facebook.com/wonderlandagristock https://www.facebook.com/wonderlandagristock Pig production is all about the pork NARI Project U100010: Evaluating economical feeding regimes for weaner and grower pigs when fed grain-based diets or blended diets of sweet potato or cassava with universal protein concentrate: on- farm testing (preliminary on-station testing 2017-2018) Michael Dom, Tony Pewa, Maima Sine, Ku Kobila What is a mixed genotype pig and how can we improve their production? Labu Station bred mixed genotype pigs The local pig (Sus scrofa papuensis) genetic resources must be secured in the aftermath of African Swine Fever and utilized for its unique characteristics in fecundity, survivability, resilience to disease and hardiness, as well as production traits such as appreciated meat flavour and fat composition on local root & forage diets. Nutrition in the locally manufactured pig feeds Nutrient (%) Farmset Village Pig Mix (coarse meal) Farmset Pig Grower (coarse meal) Flame Pig Grower (~10 mm pellets) Wheat millrun (flake meal) DM (as fed) 91.3 90.2 88.0 87.0 OM 87.6 86.2 81.6 89.0 Ash 3.7 3.9 6.4 5.6 CP 16.2 18.6 16.5 17.3 EE 7.9 8.6 3.8 3.9 CF 5.3 4.2 5.6 10.4 Ca 0.78 0.83 0.92 0.14 Total P 0.84 0.83 0.97 1.11 Leu 1.07 1.26 1.03 0.35 Lys 0.86 1.07 0.86 0.23 Meth 0.32 0.40 0.24 0.09 Meth+Cyst 0.59 0.66 0.53 0.21 Threo 0.61 0.77 0.51 0.18 Trypt 0.18 0.21 0.17 0.08 DE (MJ/kg) 16.9 17.4 14.8 14.0 Lys:DE (kg/MJ) 0.51 0.61 0.58 0.16 Ca:P Total 0.93 1.00 0.95 0.13 ? New! Ensiled (fermented) sweetpotato roots and vine Restricted feeding Unrestricted feeding Controlled feeding Time to finish weight of 80 kg is 103, 86 and 90 days respectively for 81, 83 and 92 percent of the stock achieving the target. Preliminary economic feeding evaluations Restricted feeding Unrestricted feeding Controlled feeding Transforming small-scale to smallholder MSME also means foregoing a pig worth K1000+ for delivering K380 worth of pork Economic parameters of feeding pigs Split-phase restricted at BW75 Split-phase unrestricted Single-phase controlled at 1.8 kg/day Weaning phase diet FPG STD VPM FPG STD VPM FPG FPG+MR VPM VPM+MR Growing phase diet FPG+MR STD+MR VPM+MR FPG FPG+MR VPM+MR FPG FPG+MR VPM VPM+MR Break-even price*(Kina/pig) 351.58 419.69 326.41 380.90 405.38 361.82 365.24 390.44 355.88 344.00 Margin**per live pig (Kina) 208.42 140.31 233.59 279.10 254.62 298.18 224.76 199.56 234.12 246.00 Margin per chilled carcass (K) 278.42 210.31 303.59 361.60 337.12 380.68 298.51 273.31 307.87 319.75 BCR† (Live pig) 1.38 0.64 1.85 1.54 1.24 1.84 1.36 1.05 1.50 1.71 BCR‡ (Chilled carcass) 1.84 0.96 2.40 2.00 1.64 2.35 1.81 1.44 1.98 2.22 *Break-even price = Weaned pig cost + Total cost of weight gain **Margin = Estimated revenue – Break-even price, for Live pig or Chilled carcass †Benefit-cost ratio = Margin per live pig ÷ Total cost of weight gain, compares Live pig value across test diets ‡Benefit-cost ratio = Margin per chilled carcass ÷ Total cost of weight gain, compares Chilled carcass value across test diets §Estimated for a 56 kg pig at 75% carcass yield (Dom et al. 2011) Feeding at metabolic bodyweight may provide an economic advantage, dependent on pig genotype Responding to research outputs for recommended feeding rates Farmset Limited are providing more specific instructions on feeding strategies for pigs Pig concentrate feed with Some technical details yet to resolve Andy Dagima Piggery, Kerowagi Modern small-scale 10 sows, reliant on purchased feeds Cost items Piglets, feed, labour, space, equipment, electrical, transport, fuel and overheads Sourcing and processing feed locally Stable, long term storage facilities Appropriate rigorous technical trialing Technological modifications and economic assessments Aigilo Purunu at Aiaka village, Tambul District (WHP) A model farmer, ex-Yangpela Didiman and community leader Semi-intensive village piggery 5-10 sows, producing home-grown sweet potato for ensiling and feeding to pigs Cost items Piglets, feed, labour, space, equipment, electrical, transport, fuel and overheads Camilus Dagima Piggery, Kerowagi Skilled personnel is vital for improved piggery productivity and profitability. Poultry provide meat and eggs, fish provide cheap, regular, high quality protein, and goats provide meat and milk Sustainable poultry, aquaculture and goat farming for economic and nutritional wellbeing of rural communities in Morobe and Madang Provinces A Public Investment Program Project Sustainable poultry, aquaculture and goat farming for economic and nutritional wellbeing of rural communities in Morobe and Madang Provinces About the Outputs The research interventions are aimed at delivering improved farming systems, through livestock and crop technologies & strategies, that will need continued interaction between and support from (1) Households (FFT’s) (2) RDO’s (3) CHW’s (4) Locally active NGO’s and CBO’s (5) LLG Stations (6) District Offices and (7) Provincial Administration Sustainability needs to be built into the existing rural farming system in a manner that allows scaled improvements, accessibility to LS&C resources, and continued promotion and advocacy, after the project ends The R&D agenda ▪ Evaluating the economical and nutritional value of household food gardens under sustainable farming practice ▪ Evaluating the total cost-benefits of increased village poultry, fish and goat production to household food and income ▪ Evaluating local food markets and the potential for poultry, fish and goat products ▪ Applying the family farm team approach to improve the economical and nutritional budgets of household (and community) food baskets ▪ Applying the ADOPT tool for measuring the delivery process for evaluating and documenting Potential poultry has in food security and income generation oEgg production and live bird production & current selling price Parameters Village chicken Ducks Eggs over productive lifespan 60-180 eggs 200-300 eggs Number of Clusters (Incubation) 4 to 5 (3 mostly) 5 to 6 (4 mostly) Eggs/ cluster 8 to 12 eggs 14 - 18 eggs Hatchability Rate 70-90 % 70-90% Survival rate from hatch - point of lay 40-50% 40-50% Point of Lay (weeks) 18-24 wks 24-28 wks 1.5kg size for meat (weeks) 15-18wks 10-15wks Carcass weight (700grams) 15-18wks 10-15wks Current Selling prices Eggs K0.80-K1.00 K1.00 Pullets K10.00-K15.00 K20.00 Adult birds K20.00-K30.00 K30-K50 Prototype hatchery at Kome LLG Delivered under a European Union funded action on climate change Studying adoption of village poultry Village farming households and communities have different resources, accessibility and socio- cultural beliefs which influence their approach to farming and lifestyle choices and thereby their attitude towards technology adoption. “Effective research– extension links are necessary to effectively adopt the results of research to increase productivity” Craven and McKillop, 2001 Na tingim tu ol kumu blong ples iet Green leafy vegetable fruits and other nutritious foodstuff are also studied Kungika ferns, from Erima in Madang Identified in PROSEA and by French (2006) as Stenochlaena milnei, a climbing swamp fern. Endemic to PNG, robust growth, high in protein, fibre, Ca, P and K but less Fe than Amaranth (Chotimah et al., 2022). What is the potential for local SME to take-up improved village poultry production? ACIAR supported black soldier fly feed research for poultry feed in Africa through ICIPE Sustainable production of fish, poultry and horticultural crops for domestic and export markets by manufacturing insect-derived feed and fertilizer from agro-industrial by-products ▪ Major components: ▪ Creating and maintaining productive Black Soldier Fly populations ▪ Sourcing and utilizing growth media for BSFL production ▪ Adaptation and testing of postharvest technology for BSFL feed and fertilizer products ▪ Exploring and prototyping BSFL nutrient extraction (chitin, fat, protein and amino acids) ▪ Developing a BSFL production small-to- medium business model ▪ Researchers: ▪ Arthur Roberts (MSc Grad. Cert. UTAS), Elly Solomon (MSc), Fred Besari (MPhil), Charlie Suruban (MSc), Joel Pilon (BSc. Ag) and Michael Dom (PhD) ▪ Potential collaborative partners: ▪ National Fisheries Authority, National Department of Agriculture and Livestock, University of Natural Resources and Environment, The University of Adelaide, The University of South Pacific, Queensland University New project Already testing BSFL feed for tilapia, carp and village poultry Thank you DISCLAIMER: Any opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Agriculture Research Institute. Slide 1: Livestock farming innovations: unlocking agricultural productivity and sustainability Slide 2: What is the premise? Slide 3: What are livestock innovations? Slide 4: Technical information, business models and manuals for developing local feed mills as SME [2010-2017] Slide 5: An example of a value chain map for small-scale pig production in Lae (Morobe) and Mount Hagen (Western Highlands). Source: Michael Dom and Theo Simos, for ACIAR project ASEM/2010/053 Slide 6: What does the feed industry look like? Slide 7: What are the local feed resources? Slide 8: A commercial agricultural supplier responding to market needs Slide 9: More about feed mills in PNG Slide 10: Shredding mill – performance testing Slide 11: Farmset Feed-mill visit Slide 12: Training Lihir Farm Managers Mini-feed Mill Operation Slide 13: Action: Field visits facilitated practical and technical discussion Slide 14: Outcome: Lihir farm Is processing cassava into meal and blending nutritionally balanced diets for pigs and poultry Slide 15: Wonderland Agristock Ltd, in Hela Province is managed by Mr. Solomon Sotman Slide 16: Pig production is all about the pork Slide 17: What is a mixed genotype pig and how can we improve their production? Slide 18: Nutrition in the locally manufactured pig feeds Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 21 Slide 22: Responding to research outputs for recommended feeding rates Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27: Poultry provide meat and eggs, fish provide cheap, regular, high quality protein, and goats provide meat and milk Slide 28: Sustainable poultry, aquaculture and goat farming for economic and nutritional wellbeing of rural communities in Morobe and Madang Provinces Slide 29: The R&D agenda Slide 30: Potential poultry has in food security and income generation Slide 31: Prototype hatchery at Kome LLG Slide 32: Studying adoption of village poultry Slide 33: Na tingim tu ol kumu blong ples iet Slide 34: What is the potential for local SME to take-up improved village poultry production? Slide 35: Sustainable production of fish, poultry and horticultural crops for domestic and export markets by manufacturing insect-derived feed and fertilizer from agro-industrial by-products Slide 36 Slide 37: Thank you