MAIZE-AFS 2018 Annual Technical Report Name of the CRP: MAIZE Name of the Lead CGIAR Center: CIMMYT Flagship lead institutions (CGIAR Centers or lead partners) Flagship 1: CIMMYT & IITA Flagship 2: CIMMYT & IITA Flagship 3: CIMMYT & IITA Flagship 4: CIMMYT & IITA Other participating CGIAR Centers: IITA, ICAR (India), IDS (UK), KIT (NL), DArT (AU), JHI (UK), Monsanto, DuPont-Pioneer (now Corteva Agriscience), KALRO (Kenya), NARO (Uganda) and WUR (NL). The complete list/map of 274 partners (2018) is accessible here. Acknowledging our funders: In 2018, Australia (ACIAR), UK (DFID) and USA (USAID) supported the CGIAR Agrifood- Systems Research Program on MAIZE (MAIZE) with Window 2 funding and 12 funders supported this CRP with Window 1 funds through the CGIAR Fund. Bilateral funders supported programs and projects matched to MAIZE Flagship Projects (FPs) and Clusters of Activity (CoAs) to US$49 million. ii Table of Contents Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION ................................................................................................................... 4 1. Key Results .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Progress Towards SDGs and SLOs ................................................................................................. 4 1.2 CRP Progress towards Outputs and Outcomes (spheres of control, influence) ........................... 5 1.2.1 Overall CRP progress .............................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Progress by flagships .............................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Variance from Planned Program for this year (max 450 words) ........................................... 7 1.2.4 Altmetric and Publication highlights (max. 400 words, reference Table 6 & Evidence E) ..... 8 1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level) ........................................................................................ 8 1.3.1 Gender ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of Social inclusion / “Leaving No-one Behind” (max 600 words) .. 9 1.3.3 Capacity Development (max. 300 words) .............................................................................. 9 See Table D-2 and click here to see training numbers and analysis ..................................................... 10 1.3.4 Climate Change ........................................................................................................................ 10 2. Effectiveness and Efficiency .............................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Management and governance (max. 300 words) ....................................................................... 10 2.2 Partnerships ................................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.1. Highlights of External Partnerships ..................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR Partnerships (300 words) ............................................................................... 11 2. 3. Intellectual Assets (max. 250 words) ........................................................................................ 12 2.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Learning (MELIA) (max. 200 words) .............. 13 2.5 Efficiency (max. 250 words) ........................................................................................................ 13 2.6 Management of Risks to Your CRP .............................................................................................. 13 2.7 Use of W1-2 Funding ................................................................................................................... 14 iii 3. Financial Summary ............................................................................................................................ 15 B. TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Table 1: Evidence on Progress towards SRF targets (sphere of interest) (Report Table) ..................... 17 Table 2: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) .............. 22 Table 3: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) ......... 23 Table 4: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year ............................................. 26 Table 5: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones (Sphere of Influence-Control) ..... 38 Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period (Sphere of control) 56 Table 7: Participants in CapDev Activities ............................................................................................. 57 Table 8: Key external partnerships ....................................................................................................... 58 Table 9: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations ....................................................................................... 60 Table 10: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA) ..................................... 61 Table 11: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations ........................................... 66 Table 12: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2018) ........................................................ 67 Table 13: CRP Financial Report ............................................................................................................. 68 iv CGIAR System Institutions and Processes AFS Agri-food systems A4NH CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health AR Annual Report ARI Advanced Research Institute BoT Board of Trustees Buena Milpa Project The Feed the Future Buena Milpa Guatemala Project CAP-DEV Capacity Development CASI Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification CCAFS CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CCEEs CRP-Commissioned External Evaluations CGIAR CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CLARISA CGIAR-Level-Agricultural-Research-Interoperability-System-Architecture Crop Trust The Global Crop Diversity Trust CSISA Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia CSISA MI Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Mechanization and Irrigation CRP CGIAR Research Program DG Director General DV-AM Method Dichlorvos–Ammonia Method DTMA Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa EiB Platform Excellence in Breeding Platform FACASI Farm Mechanization and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification FAW Consortium Fall Armyworm R4D International Consortium FP Flagship project GENNOVATE Global Comparative Gender Norms Research Initiative Harvest Plus A program that is part of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health IA Impact Assessment or Intellectual Asset IDO CGIAR Intermediate development outcome IEA Independent Evaluation Arrangement IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IMIC-Africa International Maize Improvement Consortium in Africa IMIC-Asia International Maize Improvement Consortium in Asia IMIC-LATAM International Maize Improvement Consortium in Latin America IRRI international Rice Research Institute ISC Independent Steering Committee LMS Learning Management System MAIZE CGIAR Research Program on Maize Agri-food Systems MARLO Managing Agricultural Research for Learning and Outcomes MC Management Committee MEL Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning MEL CoP Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Community of Practice MELIA Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment NE Nutrient expert 1 NSAF Nepal Seed and Fertilizer Project OICR Outcome impact case report POWB Plan of Work and Budget R4D Research-for-Development SC System Council SIMLESA Sustainable Intensification of Maize and Legume Systems for Food Security in Eastern and Southern Africa SLO System Level Outcome SMB System Management Board SMO System Management Office SRF Strategy and Results Framework TAMASA Taking Maize Agronomy to Scale in Africa 2gtails Second generation tropicalized haploid inducers W1, W2, W3/bilateral CGIAR Windows 1, 2 and 3/bilateral WHEAT CGIAR Research Program on Wheat Agri-food Systems Research and Development Partners DArT Diversity Arrays Technology, Australia DFID Department for International Development, UK DoH Department of Horticulture, Karnataka, India DuPont-Pioneer Now Dow Dupont (Division Corteva Agriscience) GENDES Género y Desarrollo A. C., Mexico ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICTA Agricultural Science and Technology Institute IDS Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria JHI James Hutton Institute, UK KALRO Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization KIT Royal Tropical Institute, the Netherlands MONSANTO MONSANTO Company (now part of Bayer) NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation, Uganda Semilla Nueva Semilla Nueva Project, Guatemala UAHS University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, India UAS-B University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India UAS-F University of Florida USAID United States Agency for International Development WUR Wageningen University, the Netherlands YPARD Young Professionals for Agricultural Development Miscellaneous AIPs Agricultural Innovation Platforms CA Conservation agriculture CSA or CSAPs Climate smart agricultural practices CASI Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification DH Double haploid 2 DOI Digital Object Identifier FAW Fall armyworm Fe Iron GS Genomic Selection IP Intellectual Property ISI International scientific indexing ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture MIS Management Information System MLN Maize lethal necrosis M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MT Minimum Tillage N Nitrogen NARS National agricultural research system(s) NO3 Nitrate NOC No-Objection Certificate OICR Outcome Impact Case Reports QTL Quantitative trait locus or loci PICS Purdue Improved Crop Storage PP Polypropylene Q3 Third quarter SSA Sub-Saharan Africa SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SNP’s Single nucleotide polymorphisms WTP Willingness to pay Zn Zinc Statistical analysis applications CERES-Maize Crop model. Part of the Decision Support System for Agro technology Transfer DArT seq Diversity Arrays Technology sequence 3 Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION Today, maize is the most important food crop in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, and is a key Asian crop. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 50 percent of the population consume maize. It is the preferred food for one third of all malnourished children and 900 million poor people worldwide. As the world’s population increases and more people start including (higher) amounts of meat, poultry and dairy into their diets, demand for maize is expected to rise: Between now and 2050 the demand for maize in the developing world is expected to double. By 2025, maize will be the developing world’s largest crop. This puts pressure on agricultural research and development to further enhance sustainable productivity of maize-based systems, and significantly expand the uptake of improved maize technologies1. In 2018, more than 50% of MAIZE innovations were germplasm-based and the majority belonged to stage 3 (ready for up-take). 1. Key Results 1.1 Progress Towards SDGs and SLOs Germplasm improvement Future priority traits in Africa: A crop growth simulation study using CERES-Maize quantified the impact of climate change on maize and the potential benefits of incorporating drought and heat tolerance into commonly grown maize varieties in Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia. Incorporating those trait(s) into benchmark varieties increases simulated maize yield under both the baseline and future climates. Average simulated benefit from combined drought & heat tolerance was at least twice that of heat or drought tolerance and increased with the increase in warming levels. The lesson learnt for future targeting and prioritizing of MAIZE R4D is to incorporate combined drought and heat tolerance as part of a multi-trait breeding strategy, which has the potential to offset predicted yield losses and sustain productivity under climate change in vulnerable sites. Also important: Research and development partners should properly target varieties where they fit best and benefit most (see MAIZE product profiles) – See Table 1, SLO 1.1. Welfare impacts of improved maize varieties in Nigeria: The result of a survey about the impact of improved maize varieties in Nigeria showed a 6% reduction in the likelihood of poverty incidence in the communities studied. An adopter of improved maize enjoyed a yield increase of about 574 kg/ha compared to a non-adopter. Furthermore, adopters had USD 77 more per capita total expenditure. The findings underscore the significance of public-private partnership in addressing agricultural developmental challenges in SSA – see Table 1, SLO 1.2. After El Niño, Ethiopian farmers doubled their yields with heat- and drought-tolerant varieties – an economic value of US$30M, US$10M more than anticipated ex ante. The authors found that a major success factor was the replacement of old, climate-vulnerable maize varieties with improved climate- resilient hybrids, especially the hybrid BH661. The high extension agent to farmer ratio (1:476) has further enabled rapid adoption - See Table 1, SLO 1.1. Sustainable Intensification Combining technologies improve impacts: Improved sets of technologies choices have significant impacts on farm-level maize yield and maize production costs, especially when various technologies are combined. In Ethiopia (2011-2013 data), changes in maize yield and production costs results increased the producer and consumer surpluses by US$ 140 and US$ 105 million per annum, 1 See Gender and Innovation Processes in Maize-Based Systems, GENNOVATE Report to the CGIAR Research Program on Maize. 4 respectively. This helped to reduce the number of poor people by an estimated 788,000 p.a. – See Table 1, SLO 1.2. During the El Nino year in Southern Africa, stress tolerant maize in combination with Conservation Agriculture practices led to higher yield gains, compared to non-stress tolerant maize planted under Conventional Practices. Farmers need access to combinations of climate-smart agriculture technologies to mitigate negative effects of extreme events like El Niño and increase resilience of low-input farming systems (FP3, FP4) – see Table 1, SLO 3.2. In a similar vein, a study on Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSA or CSAPs) in Bihar (India) showed significant correlations between multiple CSAPs, indicating that their adoptions are interrelated, providing opportunities to exploit the complementarities – see Table 1, SLO 3.2. 1.2 CRP Progress towards Outputs and Outcomes (spheres of control, influence) 1.2.1 Overall CRP progress During 2018, MAIZE made strong progress in terms of varietal release research outcomes. National partners released 81 unique CGIAR-derived maize varieties across Africa, Asia and Latin America. 14 varieties were hybrid combinations, showing that regional/multinational seed companies use MAIZE improved germplasm to develop and release improved maize hybrids. 20 of the released varieties are nutritionally enriched (Provitamin A, Quality Protein Maize, High Zinc); the result of the MAIZE partnership with Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH; Harvest Plus). Figure 1: Elite maize varieties released by MAIZE CRP partners in 2018, with depiction of key traits. For an interacive version of the MAIZE 2018 Variety Release Map please click here. With both public and private sector partners, MAIZE made strides in combating Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN), from providing capacity building to partners on preventing the spread of the disease to releasing four new MAIZE-derived MLN tolerant maize hybrids in Kenya. The multi-partner, intensive MLN efforts have paved the way and offer guidance for the more recent battle against the fall armyworm, which has been marching across Africa since 2016 and is now spreading throughout Asia. MAIZE has worked alongside regional and international partners to launch the FAW Consortium, an integrated pest management guide, trainings and videos, to support smallholder farmers in fighting against this devastating insect pest. Scientists tested scaling out and up approaches, making use of the ‘Scaling Scan’ in ongoing R4D projects. Thanks to a collaboration with IIASA, Mexican farmers can use the mobile farmer App “agrotutor” to register and geo-locate field parcels and crops, document use of sustainable intensification technologies and track their farming activities including costs and products used. 5 1.2.2 Progress by flagships FP1 Enhancing MAIZE's R4D Strategy for Impact Adoption impact studies for future targeting: In Ethiopia, studies found that improved maize adoption has a positive impact on per capita food consumption and significantly increases the probability of a smallholder being in food surplus, and that land rental vs ownership does not discourage improved crop variety adoption. In Tanzania, higher profits are attained when farmers use PICS bags, PP bags and Shumba for maize storage. MAIZE researchers and partners cited increased maize productivity and fertilizer availability as reasons for increased use of maize in food preparation in Benin. Researchers documented the major maize varieties in India and estimated their adoption rates. Building capacity in value chains: In an examination of guides for gender-equitable value chain development, MAIZE researchers raise important issues and identify opportunities for designing more inclusive value chain interventions. In Mexico, research suggests the development of local markets that are economically equitable is a viable economic model. Ex-ante targeting and stress modelling: Researchers found that low rates of fertilizer use and improved seed variety adoption can be attributed to landscape factors2. Combining the two gives farmers more sustained productivity benefits, though not always, as the Sub-Saharan African landscape is so heterogeneous. A crop growth modelling study quantified the impact of climate change on maize and found combined drought and heat stress tolerance has a benefit at least twice that of either one alone – See Table 1, SLO 1.1. FP 2 Novel diversity and tools for improving genetic gains Second generation tropicalized haploid inducers (2gtails) for faster and better breeding: MAIZE delivered 2gtails to 15 different organizations in 7 countries in 2018. MAIZE researchers produced 65,384 doubled haploid (DH) lines from 385 populations in 2018, passed onto maize breeders in Africa, Asia and Latin America. MLN gene editing—discovery and validation of markers: Through a combination of genetic and molecular tools, MAIZE researchers and partners have reduced the number of candidate genes for MLN resistance to only two. Editing of the two candidate genes for MLN resistance is underway. Double health benefits of provitamin A biofortified maize: Research conducted in 2018 showed that biofortification of maize with provitamin A can reduce aflatoxin load, both improving nutrition and greatly reducing the risk of health complications from vitamin A deficiency and poisonous aflatoxins. Potential genomic regions associated with cross resistance to stem borers and fall armyworm were found from QTL analyses of 238 F3 lines genotyped using DArTseq SNP. Genomic regions for high zinc: A study led to identification of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with kernel-Zn. Researchers further validated these markers in independent mapping populations and in breeding populations to identify three genomic regions, which when selected in breeding populations, led to an 18% improvement of kernel-Zn. FP 3 Stress tolerant and nutritious maize The first zinc-enriched biofortified maize varieties in Colombia and Guatemala were released in 2018 by CIMMYT, MAIZE, HarvestPlus and A4NH to improve nutrition. More than 40% of Guatemala’s rural population and 22-65% of Colombians are zinc deficient. The Fall Armyworm R4D International Consortium launched in 2018 with 35 partner organizations to develop and implement a unified plan to fight FAW, which spread to Asia in 2018. MAIZE, USAID and 2 For example, lack of credit, labor; limited education, information, infrastructure and markets; weak land tenure arrangements; and low risk tolerance; farms and farmers heterogeneous in their behavior. Cited from working paper. 6 partners released comprehensive manual “Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for Integrated Pest Management”. Continued success in limiting spread of MLN by training partners to diagnose/conduct disease surveys on commercial seeds and MLN phenotyping services, with more than 185,000 germplasm entries screened. Eighteen of the most promising hybrids developed through marker assisted back crossing were advanced to stage 3 trials. The International Maize Improvement Consortium for Africa (IMIC-Africa) was launched in May 2018 with 25 seed companies and partners to achieve enhanced maize yields and variety replacement in Africa, building off the success of IMIC-Asia and IMIC-LATAM. Innovations in scientific approaches, methods and tools: Data collected in 2018 showed that use of proximal and aerial sensing tools for phenotyping reduces time and cost of data collection by 25-75% compared to conventional methods. FP4 Sustainable intensification of maize-based systems for improved smallholder livelihoods CSISA Phase III and CSISA-MI continued their work with partners and farmers to apply improved technologies and management practices, including new crop varieties and maize intensification. CSISA provided training on operation of the seed drill and power weeder – which could reduce cultivation costs by 50% – for potential service providers and technicians. The Taking Maize Agronomy to Scale in Africa project (TAMASA) worked with partners to provide fertilizer recommendations to farmers using the Nutrient Expert (NE) decision-support tool. In Nigeria, TAMASA trained 37 extension staff in NE services, benefitting 717 farmers. A win-win collaboration with a major Africa fertilizer company facilitated NE reaching over 10,000 farmers in Nigeria alone. The Farm Mechanization and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification project (FACASI) delivered training for 79 small mechanization service providers across Ethiopia and Zimbabwe, and helped setting up of at least 64 shelling and 17 planting businesses. In Tanzania, research showed 95% of farmers are willing to pay market rates for shelling rental services. The Buena Milpa project in Guatemala trained 3,331 farmers in 2018 on different maize conservation technologies, including post-harvest techniques, distributing more than 140 silos to improve the post- harvest quality of maize and reduce mycotoxins. 1.2.3 Variance from Planned Program for this year No research lines were dropped. FPs’ impact pathways and Theories of Change (e.g direction) remain unchanged. However, CIMMYT had to suspend their project operations and close their offices in Iran in November, as sanctions made even basic R4D operations impossible. Program research scope. No significant change to overall and per FP research scope. Program delivery. The Double Haploid Facility, to be established in India, is taking longer than planned. Intensive negotiations during 2018 with the Government of Karnataka led to a Jan 08, 2019 No- Objection Certificate (NOC). The tripartite agreement is under development, to be signed by Karnataka Department of Horticulture (DoH), The University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (UAS-B) and CIMMYT (MAIZE Lead Center). 7 1.2.4 Altmetric and Publication highlights (max. 400 words, reference Table 6 & Evidence E) MAIZE research Altmetrics falls under the following categories: news outlets, Twitter, blog sites, peer review sites, Facebook, reddit, citations and number of Mendeley readers. MAIZE-Management Committee questions whether Altmetric actually reflects impact or only ‘empty data resonance’ through social media. The Knowledge Management Team plans to correlate Altmetric to existing measures, predict citations from Altmetric, and compare Altmetric with expert evaluation. Please click here for more detail on Altmetric analysis. 1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level) 1.3.1 Gender A special issue of the Journal of Gender, Agriculture and Food Security comprised six studies drawing on data collected for the GENNOVATE initiative – a CIMMYT-led, cross-CRP global comparative research initiative, part-funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Maize (MAIZE). (See also 2017 Annual Report, p.4 & p.9; GENNOVATE involved 7,000 women and men from diverse backgrounds and varied age groups in 137 rural communities across 26 countries). Some of the learnings about what influences women’s and men’s agency and how they are empowered to utilize agricultural innovations to improve their livelihoods: MAIZE and Gender in Nigeria (methods): The case study villages were purposefully chosen to enable the exploration of innovation processes across diverse ethnic, economic, agro-ecological, and gender contexts (publication to be released in 2019). Gender norms and economic opportunities: New wage labor and agricultural opportunities are emerging in three Tanzanian villages, in which more favorable attitudes of women and, most importantly, of men towards gender equality were observed (publication to be released in 2019). Policy-wise, there is evidence of gender awareness and gender-sensitive approaches spreading into Ethiopian agricultural research, extension and policy – see Report Table 2. MAIZE remains committed to co-invest with WHEAT and other CRPs in extracting more learning from GENNOVATE case studies and data. As indicated above, several findings will be published in 2019 and in their totality should contribute to influencing MAIZE research direction by 2020. During 2019-2020, the MAIZE Gender Team will assess to what extent the 2017-2018 investments in Gender awareness and competency training across the Flagships has paid off. Turning the spotlight on masculinities in agricultural research and development: 20 female and 26 male Mexican agricultural extension professionals turned the spotlight on the topic of “masculinities”, defined as "a set of attributes, values, and behaviors that are characteristic of being a man in a given 8 society and time", in a workshop organized by facilitated by Genero y Desarrollo (GENDES) CIMMYT’s Gender and Social Inclusion Unit. 1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of Social inclusion / “Leaving No-one Behind3” Launch of 2018 Maize-Asia Youth Innovators Awards. The first MAIZE Youth Innovators Awards, a MAIZE initiative in collaboration with YPARD Asia, aimed to promote youth participation in maize- based agri-food systems. The awards recognized the contributions of young women and men implementing innovations in Asian maize-based agri-food systems, including research-for- development, seed systems, agribusiness, and sustainable intensification. With the annual awards program, MAIZE aims to identify young innovators who can inspire other young people to get involved in maize-based agri-food systems. MAIZE agreed with YPARD to create a platform to allow young maize innovators from around the world to network and share their experiences. GENNOVATE: Voices of young women and men in agriculture. Rural young GENNOVATE participants predominantly aspire for formal blue and white-collar employment. But many aspirations go unfulfilled, due to lack of access to educational pathways to secure such formal employment. So young people tend to fall back on family agriculture. The researchers discuss implications for agricultural policy and research for development, in terms of catalyzing uptake of agricultural innovation in the study sites. The study also highlights how youth and gender issues are inextricably linked. As part of the SIMLESA project, researchers in Mozambique have been investigating interests and perceptions of Agriculture among Rural Youth. The survey-based study recommends including youth in the targeting of interventions and taking greater advantage of Information and communication technologies, to better reach out specifically to rural youth and grow their agricultural knowledge. Expansion of the survey base to different African countries resulted in a paper advocating policy change and strategic planning instruments to enable greater investments in rural youth: Promoting Gender and Youth Inclusiveness through AIPs: Voices from SIMLESA. Leave No-one Behind MAIZE breeding researchers (CIMMYT, U Florida) have identified two varieties that out-yield any other grown in Haiti in both irrigated and rain-fed conditions – the best bet varieties for the next decade. Haitian farmers have begun to multiply and disseminate these varieties. This work builds on the 2017 distribution of 150 tons of new and improved maize seed to the Caribbean nation, to jump-start its maize seed sector, improve food security and decrease malnutrition. A third of the island’s population is 15 or younger; the median age is 25. Preserving native maize and culture in Mexico. The Chatino indigenous community in humid southern Oaxaca is one of eleven marginalized indigenous communities involved in a CIMMYT-led participatory breeding project that aims to naturally improve the quality and preserve the biodiversity of native maize. The indigenous farmers have been custodians of maize biodiversity since generations. Their maize varieties represent a portion of the diversity of the 59 native Mexican landraces that farmers have diversified through generations of selective breeding. 1.3.3 Capacity Development Demand for maize in South Asia is rapidly increasing. Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan produce nearly 10 million metric tons of maize annually and nearly all of the hybrid maize seeds have to imported. Often, those seeds are too expensive for smallholder farmers, at US$4-8 per kg. The Nepal Seed and Fertilizer Project (NSAF) is engaging 100+ Nepalese seed companies and service providers in a business 3 Leaving no-one behind is a key facet of the SDGs: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2016/leaving-no-one- behind 9 mentoring process, to equip them with the required skills to run viable and competitive seed businesses. A key project component are digital soil maps. In the future, seed companies and farmers can use them to recommend, or make decisions about input, whose yield impacts in turn depend on site-specific soil properties and variation in agro-ecological conditions. NSAF, with its 5 lead implementation partners, aims to establish a robust seed system that enhances availability and affordability of quality seeds for 340,000 smallholder farmers. During 2018, the Learning Management System (LMS) was successfully launched. It currently has 2,420 CIMMYT-internal and –external users. LMS has attracted 3,147 visitors to the CIMMYT Academy web portal (fellowships, visiting scientists, internships), is used to manage internal staff training, to archive course material and other functionalities. LMS is being implemented and rolled out at IITA (2019) and, depending on funding, to select NARS partners. See Table D-2 and click here to see training numbers and analysis 1.3.4 Climate Change MAIZE R4D incorporates climate change aspects in all its Flagships.  FP1,2&3: An ex ante study on the potential of benefits of drought and heat tolerance for adapting maize to climate change in tropical environments shows that varieties, which incorporate drought, heat and combined drought & heat tolerance have the potential to offset the negative impacts of hotter and/or hotter and drier conditions – see Table 1, SLO 1.1.  FP1&4: Research on the adaptive capacity of maize-based conservation agriculture systems to climate stress in tropical and sub-tropical environments finds evidence for Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification (CASI) enhancing the adaptive capacity of maize- based cropping system to drought stress in the sub-Tropics. See also a study on Climate Smart Agricultural Practices in Bihar (India) – see Table 1, SLO 3.2.  FP3&4: Stress tolerant crop varieties were identified as one of the “10 best bet innovations for adaptation in agriculture” according to a new working paper from the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). As the world’s changing climate makes it more difficult to feed a growing population, smallholder farmers need sustainable solutions to improve food security and livelihoods while adapting to the impacts of climate change. 2. Effectiveness and Efficiency 2.1 Management and governance (max. 300 words) In 2018, MAIZE-Independent Steering Committee (-ISC) recommendations focused on - future fall armyworm strategy (continue to build coalitions, enable science-based evidence and knowledge sharing); - alternative or complementary approaches to monitoring breeding research impact on farmers’ fields (overcome constraints and hurdles in data collection from NARS partners and seed companies) and - further developing the breeding product profiles for its target regions (feed, fodder, specialty, nutrition demand-side analysis at regional level). MAIZE-ISC noted that MAIZE, with its public and private partners, periodically monitors the product profiles-driven pipeline, to determine gaps or overloading and to assess funding potential for the gap 10 areas - and that only very few larger seed companies invest in products for smaller farmers. MAIZE is filling a gap and addressing market failure. WHEAT- and MAIZE-MCs decided to re-structure their shared CRPs-PMU effective 1st January, to better streamline routine work processes and associated methods and tools. W1&2 volatility and unpredictability remained a challenge in 2018. MAIZE-MC maintained a buffering budget. In December, MAIZE learnt that it would receive a budget $518k higher than anticipated. SMO had adjusted W1&2 per CRP FinPlan2018 figures three times during the year. 2.2 Partnerships 2.2.1. Highlights of External Partnerships The 13th Asian Maize Conference and Expert Consultation on Maize for Food, Feed, Nutrition and Environmental Security, held in October 2018, in Ludhiana, India, brought together 280 maize experts from around the world to discuss the major challenges and opportunities facing maize in Asia. Recommendations included continued focus on enhancing genetic gain, protecting farmers from major emerging threats such as the recent fall armyworm invasion in Asia, strengthening maize seed systems and improving income for smallholder farmers, among others. The conference also saw the launch of the first MAIZE Youth Innovators Awards (see section 1.3.2). Novel approach to detect aflatoxin-producing fungi in maize fields. ‘Detection of Aflatoxigenic and Atoxigenic Mexican Aspergillus Strains by the Dichlorvos–Ammonia (DV–AM) Method; was developed together with Japanese partners and co-funded by MAIZE (W1&2). Using soil samples from a CIMMYT experimental maize field in Mexico, fungal isolates were chemically treated in-line with a method recently developed in Japan, resulting in a color change indicative of toxicity. The method was found to be accurate and effective. ICAR and CIMMYT have a long-standing partnership. In 2018, both parties agreed on the joint workplan to 2020, whose deliverables include the development, delivery of stress resilient and nutritionally enriched germplasm, sustainable and climate smart agricultural practices, socio- economic analyses and policy recommendations. The plan also covers capacity building on identified areas for benefitting researchers, technicians, students and other stakeholders in South Asia. Linkages will be made with other International Centers and national institutions in Asia. Fall armyworm (FAW) policy progress: Scientists from the College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (UAHS) confirmed the arrival of FAW in South Asia and Bangladesh in particular, which had been forecast by several institutions, including the CGIAR. To formulate an emergency response plan, CSISA convened a workshop with senior officials from USAID, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture Extension other Bangladesh NARS partners and IRRI. 2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR Partnerships (300 words) In the meantime, in Africa, CIMMYT and IITA led the setting-up of an International Consortium to connect research with practical field solutions against the pest, to globally roll out a sustainable integrated Fall Armyworm management program, in which 35 organizations have united their efforts in a global coalition of research for development partners. Partnership around zinc maize improves nutrition in Guatemala. After many years of breeding research, Guatemala’s first biofortified zinc maize hybrid, ICTA HB-18, was released in May 2018. It was developed by CIMMYT, the CGIAR Research Program on Maize (MAIZE) and Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) and Guatemala’s Institute for Agricultural Science and Technology (ICTA), with support from HarvestPlus. Commercialized by Semilla Nueva, the biofortified zinc maize hybrid 11 contains 6-12ppm more zinc and 2.5 times more quality protein compared to conventional maize varieties. The Global Crop Diversity Trust looked into the science behind Provitamin A maize, a biofortified maize variety with the power to reduce malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. Approximately one third of children under 5 are at risk. Simply substituting Vitamin A maize for conventional maize can result in a 50 percent increase in Vitamin A consumption in maize-eating regions. The authors explain how the biofortified variety was bred using conventional technique and pointed to the crucial role of genetic diversity and conservation (genebanks) in its development. 2. 3. Intellectual Assets (a) Have any intellectual assets been strategically managed by the CRP (together with the relevant Center) this year? To support the sub-IDOs on diversification of enterprise opportunities and increasing the use of genetic resources, during 2018 the Lead Center worked towards further standardization and expansion of the hybrid maize product allocation principles and the associated strategic licenses for commercialization. As a result, the Lead Center allocated one or more hybrids to fifty-three different entities across Africa and Asia, in support of the efforts to disseminate research results. Further information can be found at https://www.cgiar.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/CGIAR-2017- Intellectual-Asse. Additionally, to support the sub-IDO on more efficient use of inputs, during 2018 the CRP MAIZE Lead Center started to work (in collaboration with other CGIAR Centers and partners) on the development of open source software that will improve the ability to manage the Center's germplasm, including any IA related restrictions or specific conditions. Once the development is completed, the software solution will be made available to other CGIAR Centers. Finally, the Lead Center, during 2018 and continuing in 2019, is reviewing its research policies that will support and provide more transparency in different areas, including partnerships and different strategies to disseminate results. Such Policies will be made available to other Centers and the public at large. (b) If relevant, indicate any published patents and/or plant variety right applications (or equivalent) associated with intellectual assets developed in the CRP and filed by Centers and/or partners involved in the CRP. CIMMYT has not filed, nor has any CIMMYT partner informed CIMMYT, of any application for patent or plant variety protection associated with intellectual assets developed in MAIZE. (c) List any critical issues or challenges encountered in the management of intellectual assets in the context of the CRP.  Ensure sufficient funding (including sufficient human resources), to implement on a timely basis all actions needed for a proper IA management.  Lack of IP policies in some NARS; lack of knowledge among NARS of IA management practices at CGIAR Centers and/or insufficient capacity to conduct adequate IA management.  Collecting, exporting and licensing seed in view of the ITPGRFA and the Nagoya Protocol.  Some IP policies or practices from certain MAIZE partners are not aligned with CGIAR IA management Policies;  Harmonization of licensing practices to disseminate digital sequence data with the Open Access obligation, in light of concerns raised among some ITPGRFA stakeholders in relation to the use of such datasets; 12  The rising bar for Centers’ privacy protection and accountability in the context of dealing with datasets, wherein such data include personal information that carry with them accompanying dissemination obligations under Open Access. 2.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Learning (MELIA) MAIZE was represented on the steering committee of the MEL CoP in 2018, where it contributed to practical guidance for the common reporting indicators, adjusted POWB and AR templates, development of a CGIAR MEL glossary, and helped generate MEL-related consensus across the CGIAR. Due to budget restrictions, MAIZE was not able to commission its planned evaluation of FP2. This will be re-considered for 2019, budget permitting. MAIZE continued its efforts to build project management capacity, conducting two more trainings in 2018. These trainings include sections to strengthen project monitoring, evaluation and learning. CRP scientists reviewed and reflected on FP theories of change at the end of 2018 based on performance data collected and lessons learned. Best practices have been taken into account for next year. MAIZE has also conducted regular follow-ups on evaluation recommendations, which are implemented. MAIZE-MC has closed follow-up tracking in 2018 and FP Leads monitor implementation routine (see Table 11). MAIZE is now fully utilizing MARLO to more strongly link individual projects and areas of research to FP theories of change, as well as more easily plan and budget its work, and monitor research progress. MARLO also helps the CRP to collect important lessons from projects, and incorporate these in program decision making and institutional learning. 2.5 Efficiency Due to past years’ budget uncertainty and shifting donor priorities, it was a challenge for MAIZE to operate within budget and adequate output quality levels. MAIZE has adopted Project Management practices and monitoring and learning tools, to operationalize the following principles:  Avoid duplication (redundant overlap) with existing projects/ programs;  Operate within budget even with W1&2 budget volatility and uncertainty;  Continuous efforts to increase process efficiency and cost effectiveness;  MAIZE competitive partner grants as an alternative approach for value for money, building partnership and deliver more efficiently. 2.6 Management of Risks to Your CRP The three major risks identified remained unchanged during 2018: 1. W1&W2 budget insecurity and delayed transfer of W1&2 funds, which directly affects CRP research and development operations; 2. Unfulfilled obligations by the partners for commissioned and competitive grants; 3. Lack of a systematic and integrated approach for monitoring and evaluation at the outcome level. To mitigate risk (1), the CRP Management Committee gives priority to multi-year investments of centers and partners, and uses the issuing of new partner grants as the most flexible component of the budget. MAIZE continues to sign only one-year partner grant contracts, to manage partner expectations and minimize any delays of payments to them. For risk (2), MAIZE regularly monitors the fulfillment of obligations by partners and intervenes when necessary to ensure proper completion of grant requirements. As for risk (3), the MAIZE and WHEAT counts with the support of a shared Senior Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Specialist to strengthen the CRP monitoring and evaluation 13 system. A number of CIMMYT/ MAIZE initiatives were also identified to contribute to minimizing risk, including the implementation of MARLO. 2.7 Use of W1-2 Funding MAIZE uses W1&2 funding to invest in upstream, discovery and product development focused on research. It is also used resource mobilization at CRP level, for CRP management and governance and to bridge research gaps not covered by bilaterally funded projects within a Flagship. MAIZE is guided by the high-level framework for W1&2 deployment shown below. Table 11 shows in more detail where W1&2 has been invested during 2018, based on the W1&2-per-Cluster of Activities annual work plan. Strategic, longer-term Rapid Cross-Portfolio, -CRP CRP Gov. & research, seed invests response (incl learning for impact Mgmt. flexibility) Discovery FP1, 4: ex ante IA & ex post IA FP3 new FP2-3: Germplasm MAIZE ISC, (upstream) / adoption studies for new diseases & improvement MAIZE -MC. knowledge for better pests: FAW, methodologies, methods, SMB Board targeting, prioritizing; ARI, MLN, data mgmt (e.g. Genetic Member (DG), national partners Spittlebug gain, cross-crops) CRPs Rep in FP4: Research on scaling SMB, MEL CoP FP2-4: Generate new out, innovation pathways co-leadership knowledge for R-to-D pipeline: New alleles for heat and drought, other climate change-related traits identified; GS models using high throughput phenotyping & environmental data Validation FP3: New traits into elite FP4: Country lines: Heat & Drought. coordination, systems Precision Phenotyping research approaches; , Platforms with NARS strategic support to partners; yield testing national research FP1: draw lessons from the programs, private-sector previous MAIZE years and led scaling across MAIZE W3/bilateral studies and geographies to FP2: develop decision identify implications and support tools to enhance priorities for enhancing the genetic gains in breeding impact of MAIZE in Phase-II programs, in partnership with EiB Platform Scaling out FP1, 4: Research on adoption FP3-4: post- FP3.7, 4.4: Country (downstream) dynamics, scaling out, conflict coordination, companion targeting, prioritizing, M&E emergency crops into maize- based approaches support systems, capacity FP3: Research on farmer development adoption, seed systems innovation CGIAR-SRF Gender / social inclusion FP1, 4: AFS-CRPs & CCAFS Cross-cutting applied to 2 to 4 MAIZE FP3: MAIZE & A4NH on themes innovation pipelines and improved nutrition assessments How to improve gender rapid value chain mainstreaming into assessments with proper research gender lens 14 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report 3. Financial Summary Given W1&2 new income uncertainty, MAIZE–MC agreed to budget based on 85% ( 9.519 M, see table below) of SC- endorsed 2018 allocation ( $ 11.2 M ). The 2018 W1&2 budget was adjusted in December 2018, when W1 contributions were confirmed and received, to $11.2 M. MAIZE-MC intends to deploy all carry-over from 2018 during 2019. 15 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report B. TABLES Introduction: This template now distinguishes between ‘Report Tables’ that are required to be attached to the CRP Annual Report and ‘Evidence Tables’ that are not required to be attached. Report Tables (generated by CRPs, usually from the MIS, and included as attachments to the narrative report) include: Table 1: Evidence on Progress towards SRF targets (Sphere of interest) Table 2: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) Table 3: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) Table 4: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year Table 5: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones (Sphere of Influence-Control) Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period Table 7: Participants in CapDev Activities Table 8: Key external partnerships Table 9: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations Table 10: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA) Table 11: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations Table 12: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2018) Table 13: Platform Financial Report Evidence Tables (generated by SMO from evidence input by CRPs into MIS and included in CLARISA) include: ● Table: Full list of Policy Contributions - Common Reporting Indicator ● Table: Full list of Partners - Common Reporting Indicator ● Table: Full list of innovations -Common Reporting Indicator ● Table: Altmetrics - Common Reporting Indicator ● Table: List of capacity development activities (with numbers of participants), ● Table: Milestones ● Table: List of activities funded by W1/2 funding 16 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 1: Evidence on Progress towards SRF targets (sphere of interest) (Report Table) Please complete this table as best you can based on solid evidence, such as findings of published adoption or impact studies. SLO Target (2022) Brief summary of new evidence of CGIAR contribution Expected additional Please click on hyperlinks for access to publications contribution before end of 2022 (if not already fully covered). Optional narrative. Evidence not required. 1.1. 100 million more Ex ante, global, germplasm improvement: Combined hotter and drier climate change scenarios (more warming, farm households have less rainfall) result in greater average simulated maize yield reduction than hotter only climate change scenarios. adopted improved Incorporating drought, heat and combined drought & heat tolerance into benchmark varieties increases varieties, breeds, trees, simulated maize yield under both the baseline and future climates. Average simulated benefit from combined and/or management drought & heat tolerance was at least twice that of heat or drought tolerance and increased with the increase in practices warming levels. The magnitude of the simulated benefits and potential acceptability of the varieties by farmers varied across sites and climate scenarios, indicating the need for proper targeting. Ex post: After El Niño, Ethiopian farmers doubled their yields with heat- and drought-tolerant varieties – an economic value of US$30 million. Major success factor was the replacement of old, climate-vulnerable maize varieties with improved climate-resilient hybrids. Ex post: Adoption of improved maize varieties increased per capita food consumption (3.3% points), and probability of a smallholder being in food surplus (by 1.8% points) in Ethiopia. Increased adoption of improved maize has contributed significantly to the households’ food security, confirming the role of crop improvement in contributing to food security of agrarian households. Based on sample of 2327 maize producing households in 39 districts. Land ownership and technology adoption revisited: Improved maize varieties in Ethiopia In maize-producing Ethiopia, improved varieties are popular also among the farmers not owning land. While land rental does not affect crop variety adoption of cash-renters, it even encourages adoption by sharecroppers. As the farmers renting land for cultivation are relatively poorer and vulnerable to yield variations, this finding suggests significant livelihood implications – also relevant to SLO 1.2. Adoption of modern maize varieties in India: Insights based on expert elicitation methodology: Maize germplasm contributions from CIMMYT helped to expand the genetic base and productivity of a number of modern varieties. While promising public sector hybrids have not reached the farmers’ fields as intended, mainly due to lack of seed availability, private sector maize hybrids have successfully diffused to mainly commercial farmers’ fields 17 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report (feed, other), on account of strong marketing initiatives. The area under modern maize varieties and hybrids varied from about 57% (Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) to as high as 98% (Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka). Targeting, policy, ex ante: Seeding eastern Africa’s maize revolution in the post-structural adjustment era: A review and comparative analysis of the formal maize seed sector: The regional seed sectors evolved at different speeds and in different directions, driven by diverging agricultural growth opportunities and varying degrees of regulation, liberalization and restructuring. Despite the regional diversity, there are some similarities, including a proliferation of private seed companies, an increasing emphasis on hybrid maize seed and the emergence of national seed traders’ associations to help organize the increasingly complex and evolving maize seed sector. A number of market failures hamper maize seed markets in the sub-region. The mid-term goal should be to create an enabling environment for private seed companies, allowing them to service the diverse farmer communities, for them to adopt and benefit from existing and future improved maize varieties. 1.2. 30 million people, of Ethiopia: Farm- and market-level impacts of multiple technology adoption choices using comprehensive which 50% are women, household survey data. Improved technology set choices have significant impacts on farm-level maize yield and assisted to exit poverty maize production costs; greatest effect generated when various technologies are combined. Change in maize yield and production costs results in an average 26.4% cost reduction per kilogram of maize output = increases producer and consumer surpluses by US$ 140 and US$ 105 million p.a., respectively = changes in economic surplus help to reduce # poor people by an estimated 788,000 per year. Ex ante; Maize lethal necrosis disease: Evaluating agronomic and genetic control strategies for Ethiopia and Kenya. With MLN threat ongoing, the food and economic security of maize-based agrarian economies in eastern Africa will critically depend on the successful mainstreaming of MLN tolerance in their maize seed systems. The study concludes that scaling MLN-tolerant germplasm proves highly viable, with estimated multiplier benefits of US$245-756 million in Ethiopia and US$195-678 million in Kenya, and benefiting up to 2.1 million people in Ethiopia and 1.2 million in Kenya. Ex post, Nigeria, DTMA: Welfare impacts of improved maize varieties: Survey about the impact of improved maize varieties in Nigeria showed a 6% reduction in the likelihood of poverty incidence in the communities studied. Ex ante, Bhutan: 6 to 9% poverty levels reduced due to livelihood diversification into non-farm activities. Ex post, qualitative: Gender and equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms through agricultural innovation platforms in Rwanda. Study shows how women in Rwanda are getting equitable sharing of benefits supported by social, policy and capacity factors, by the integration of agricultural innovation platforms. 18 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Ex ante: Building pathways out of poverty through climate smart agriculture. Effective targeting of Climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices (CSA) interventions will contribute to poverty reduction by linking smallholder agricultures with alternative interventions, such as social protection. Ex post impact of conservation agriculture (CA): Using survey data from rural households in 9 SSA countries, shows that adoption of a CA technology significantly increases household income and income per adult equivalent in the maize systems. Disaggregating the CA components, authors found that adoption of the components in combination is associated with larger income gains than when the components are adopted in isolation, and the largest effect is achieved when households implement the three practices jointly (Tambo and Mockshell 2018). Ex ante, impacts of minimum tillage (MT) on crop yield and crop income in Zambia: Based on 751 fields, of which 17% were under MT. Adopting MT associated with an average yield gain for maize, groundnut, sunflower, soybean and cotton of 334 kg/ha; had no significant effects on crop income (from sales and for subsistence) in the short-term. If the longer-term productivity gains from MT are large enough, may offset the higher implementation costs of MT due to economies of scale and may eventually result in improved incomes and food security. 2.1. Improve the rate of Ex ante, global, germplasm improvement: Average simulated benefit from combined drought & heat tolerance yield increase for major was at least twice that of heat or drought tolerance and increased with the increase in warming levels – see food staples from above under 1.1. current <1% to 1.2-1.5% per year In Nigeria, adoption of improved maize varieties increased maize grain yield by 574 kg/ha – see above under 1.1. 2.2. 30 million more Ex post: Adoption of improved maize varieties increased per capita food consumption (3.3% points), and people, of which 50% are probability of a smallholder being in food surplus (by 1.8% points) in Ethiopia – see 1.1. women, meeting minimum dietary energy Targeting, value chain dynamics: Cereal consumption and marketing responses by rural smallholders under rising requirements cereal prices: First attempt to explore the cereal marketing behavior of Bangladeshi farm households under commodity price hikes, by the rice production self-sufficiency status of the farm households. Market volatility may discourage farm households to market their cereals due to uncertain future. Under rising commodity price regime, smallholders significantly reduced consumption expenditure on high food value-enriched non-cereal food items, to adjust to the market shocks. 19 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report 2.3. 150 million more Targeting, value chains, impact pathways: Ghana: Kenkey made with nutritious maize, biofortified with vitamin A people, of which 50% are with distinct orange color; Study compared estimated willingness-to-pay (WTP) across three mechanisms and women, without how these vary by participation fee: Found no evidence of economically meaningful differences in WTP across deficiencies in one or elicitation mechanisms, or by participation fee. Secondary finding: Providing nutrition information positively and more essential significantly affects the marginal WTP for the new maize. micronutrients Targeting, impact pathway impact assessment: Associations among high-quality protein and energy intake, serum transthyretin, serum amino acids and linear growth of children in Ethiopia: Linear growth failure in Ethiopian children is likely associated with low quality protein intake and inadequate energy intake. Researchers conclude that besides consumption of high quality protein enriched complementary foods, other factors related to health and hygiene or child caregiving practices and resources, should be taken into consideration. Further longitudinal intervention studies needed, including about whether consumption of high-quality protein enriched complementary foods, such as cereals with increased protein quality (e.g., quality protein maize), increase serum transthyretin and serum amino acid status, which in turn may lead to better linear growth. 3.1. 5% increase in water Ex post, targeting, methods: Ion exchange resin samplers to estimate nitrate leaching from a furrow irrigated and nutrient efficiency in wheat-maize cropping system: Study a estimated NO3-N leaching losses for 3 tillage-straw management systems agroecosystems in the intensely cropped Yaqui Valley, Northern Mexico using ion exchange resin samplers. As 19% of N applied to wheat and 34% of N applied to maize was lost through leaching, farming practices that could lower the risk of nitrate contamination during cropping should be promoted. Further multi-annual studies needed, to assess the effects of reduced irrigation, climatic variation and different fertilizer application on nutrient leaching in different tillage-straw systems. Ex post, adoption, IA. Improved water-management practices: empirical evidence from rural Pakistan: Shows that rural households mainly adopted 4 water-management practices and that the wealth, education, and gender of the farmer (male) positively influences the adoption of improved water-management practices. Adoption of improved water-management practices improves wheat and rice yields, household income and food security levels, reduces poverty levels. Higher food security levels for adopting households, in range of 3–12%, higher yields and higher household income levels, in the range of rupees 2,573–4,926, lower poverty levels (2–7% range). Agricultural policy should promote improved water-management practices among rural households. Ex post, IA: Nitrogen Index Tier Zero tool, Zambia: Empirical results suggest that farmers practicing Conservation Agriculture (CA) are environmentally more efficient than conventional farmers. Environmental efficiency is significantly influenced by access to credit, farming experience and years of schooling of household head, land ownership and distance to markets. Farmers practising CA are technically more efficient than those using the conventional technology. 20 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report 3.2. Reduction in Ex ante IA. Researchers show, based on data from a long-run field trial, India, that conservation agriculture and ‘agriculturally’-related diversified crop rotations in maize systems have significant potential to ensure food security, restore of soil greenhouse gas health and climate change mitigation. CA-based Zero-till and Permanent Bed practices, coupled with diversified emissions by 5% maize-based cropping systems, effectively enhanced maize yield and soil carbon sequestration (SOC), as well as water- and energy-use efficiency, in northwestern India. 3.3. 55 M ha degraded Changes in soil biology under conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of cereal systems in Indo- land area restored Gangetic Plains- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.041 3.4. 2.5 M ha forest N/A saved from deforestation 21 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 2: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) Name and CGIAR cross-cutting markers description of policy, legal Level of Link to Whose Geographic instrument Maturity sub-IDOs policy der Youth CapDev Climate is this Scope Evidence(s) Gen or Change investment 52 - Quantify Level 1 Increased access to 0 0 0 0 • Public Regional Project report, effects of diverse nutrient-rich foods Sector Sub-Saharan publication dietary change • Private Africa on the future Sector demand for major cereals - case study in Africa (From Project P953) FP1 168 - Gender Level 1 • Gender- 2 1 1 0 Public Global Policy-maker and Diversity equitable Sector interactions, Policy control of productive publications, (From Project P981) assets and project report FP1 resources • Technologies that reduce women`s labor and energy expenditure adopted 22 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 3: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report Maturity level Status SRF Targets Sub-IDOs (OICR) • Adoption of CGIAR materials with enhanced OICR2582 - Distribute elite genetic gains. • Enhanced individual maize germplasm with high Increased rate of yield for Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case major food staples from capacity in partner yield potential, and disease current <1%/year research organizations resistance to partners through training and exchange OICR2588 - Quantify effects • Increased capacity for of dietary change on the innovation in partner future demand for major development cereals - case study in Africa # of more people, of which organizations and in Level 3 New Outcome/Impact Case 50% are women, meeting poor and vulnerable minimum dietary energy communities requirements • Improved forecasting of impacts of climate change and targeted technology development OICR2701 - Scaling conservation agriculture- • Agricultural systems based sustainable Level 3 New Outcome/Impact Case Not defined diversified and intensification systems in intensified in ways that Ethiopia protect soils and water 23 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report Maturity level Status SRF Targets Sub-IDOs (OICR) • Enabled environment for climate resilience OICR2744 - Uptake and use • Improved capacity of of gender research women and young methodologies, approaches # of people, of which 50% people to participate in and tools from the project Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case are women, assisted to exit decision-making “GENNOVATE” by poverty • Gender-equitable agriculture researchers control of productive worldwide assets and resources Updated Outcome/Impact # of more farm households Level 2 case at same level of have adopted improved More efficient use of inputs OICR1151 - Beneficiary maturity varieties, breeds or trees Based Survey # of more farm households OICR1631 - Assessment of Level 3 New Outcome/Impact Case have adopted improved Reduced smallholders the Economic Impact of the varieties, breeds or trees production risk Adopting Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties in Benin 24 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report Maturity level Status SRF Targets Sub-IDOs (OICR) • Adoption of CGIAR # of more farm households materials with enhanced have adopted improved genetic gains OICR2800 - Fast-tracking varieties, breeds or trees • Increased resilience of maize varietal replacement Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case agro-ecosystems and in Ethiopia. # of people, of which 50% communities, especially are women, assisted to exit those including poverty smallholders • Adoption of CGIAR OICR2801 - Improved # of more farm households materials with enhanced drought tolerant maize have adopted improved genetic gains • Increased resilience of varieties have led to varieties, breeds or trees Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case agro-ecosystems and improved yields and # of people, of which 50% communities, especially livelihoods in Nigeria are women, assisted to exit those including poverty smallholders 25 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 4: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion 247 - Quantify N/A Production Stage 2: Study’s objective: Examine Centro • IITA - International Regional systems effects of and successful consumption pattern changes, linked Internacional de Institute of Tropical Sub-Saharan dietary change Managem piloting to the relevant global drivers of Mejoramiento Agriculture Africa ent (PIL - end change in some key countries. This de Maíz y Trigo on the future • AfDB - African practices of piloting will allow us to explore expected Development Bank demand for phase) changes in demand under different Group major cereals - scenarios (urbanization, population, • ARI - Agricultural case study in prices). Dietary change will be Research Institute - Africa analyzed according to rural-urban Tanzania axis. • IRRI 251 - Out-yield Not defined Genetic Stage 1: 47 hybrids selected due to their Centro • INIFAP - Instituto Sub-national (varieties hybrids selected and discovery/ competitive yield and favorable Internacional de Nacional de Mexico for the three breeds) proof of agronomic characteristics in Mejoramiento Investigaciones concept comparison with commercial-testers de Maíz y Trigo agricultural Forestales, Agricolas (PC - end (three-to-nine evaluation sites). In y Pecuarias environments of of 2019, yield-validation-trials will be • UACh - Universidad Mexico: lowland research carried out in more than 40 locations. Autónoma Chapingo tropical, phase) In 2020, the competitive hybrids from • SEMUAC - subtropical and the validation-trials can be released to Semilleros highlands. the project seed-companies. Mexicanos Unidos AC • AMSAC - Asociación Mexicana de Semilleros A.C. 26 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion Not defined Genetic Stage 3: Five hybrids were selected to be Centro • INIFAP - Instituto Sub-national (varieties and available/ released to the project (MasAgro Internacional de Nacional de Mexico breeds) ready for Maize) seed companies. These hybrids Mejoramiento Investigaciones 252 - 5 hybrids uptake are competitive in terms of yield and de Maíz y Trigo Forestales, Agricolas y of high yield (AV); agronomic characteristics compared to Pecuarias potential for the commercial testers. The hybrids to be • UACh - Universidad seed sector of released are two for lowland tropical, Autónoma Chapingo Mexico two for subtropical and one for the • SEMUAC - Semilleros highlands of Mexico´s mega- Mexicanos Unidos AC environments. • AMSAC - Asociación Mexicana de Semilleros Not defined Genetic Stage 3: MasAgro-Maize project has released Centro • INIFAP - Instituto Sub-national (varieties and available/ more than 40 maize hybrids and Internacional de Nacional de Mexico breeds) ready for varieties to Mexican seed sector . In Mejoramiento Investigaciones 253 - 4 new out- uptake 2018, 41 CIMMYT hybrids and de Maíz y Trigo Forestales, Agricolas y yield hybrids of (AV); varieties produced and sold by the Pecuarias CIMMYT in the MasAgro-Maize seed companies, • UACh - Universidad Mexican maize including four hybrids, which were Autónoma Chapingo seed market. integrated for the first time into the • SEMUAC - Semilleros Mexican maize seed market. Mexicanos Unidos AC • AMSAC - Asociación Mexicana de Semilleros 27 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion N/A Genetic Stage 4: N/A International • INERA - Institut de Regional (varieties and uptake by Institute of l’Environnement et de Sub-Saharan Recherches Agricoles Africa / 254 - N/A breeds) next user Tropical (USE) Agriculture • IAR&T - Institute for Western Agricultural Research & Africa Training • ZARI - Zambia Agriculture Research Institute • CCRI - Cereal Crops Research Institute • EIAR - Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research 323 - Hybrids Out of total 68 hybrids licenced Genetic Stage 3: Among the released/registered hybrids Centro • BAU - Bihar Agricultural Regional offcially to the partners, nine hybrids (varieties and available/ two are take-up by producers, Internacional de University Southern released/registe released, 73.7 tons of certified breeds) ready for including RCRMH-2 released by Mejoramiento • Mahyco Asia seed produced. Includes 2 uptake UAS-Raichur, India, sub-licensed to de Maíz y Trigo red for • NARC - Nepal hybrids released by BARI, (AV); Mahyco, India and commercialized in Agricultural Research commeciali- Bangladesh sublicensed to Karnataka & Maharashtra states of Council zation BRAC, 2 hybrids released by India with commercial name “MRM- • BARI - Bangladesh NMRP, Nepal & sub-licensed to 4070” and Lall-454 is registered by Agricultural Research 2 seed co’s, 1 hybrid released by LALL Seeds Odisha, India and Institute UAS, Raichur & sublicensed to commercialize with same name in MAHYCO, India and 1 hybrid Odisha, India.. each commercialized by BAU, Sabor, Lall Seeds, Srimad Seeds and Kumar Bioseed, India. 28 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion 325 - Three Three stress-resilient CIMMYT Genetic Stage 3: Enough seed of all three released Centro CIMMYT - Centro Global CIMMYT Maize Maize Lines (CML), including (varieties CMLs produced and available on Internacional de Internacional de Mejoramiento CML578, CML-579 and CML- and available/ Lines (CML) breeds) ready for demand through CIMMYT Gene Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo 580 globally released as uptake bank, El Batan, Mexico de Maíz y Trigo released international public good, and (AV); available from gene back of CIMMYT for use in maize breeding programs in tropics. 327 - Field A protocol for quantitative Research Stage 3: The protocol for quantitative Centro CIMMYT - Centro Global and manual for management of drought stress in Internacional de Internacional de Mejoramiento drought field phenotyping developed and Communi available/ management of drought stress in field cation ready for phenotyping developed and published Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo published. de Maíz y Trigo phenotyping Methodolo uptake as hard and soft copy through gies and (AV); CIMMYT website. Tools 328 - Sanility A set of five promising salinity Genetic Stage 1: A set of 305 experimental hybrids Centro ICBA - International Center Regional (varieties tolerant hybrids tolerant hybrids identified, and taken forward for large-scale on- and discovery/ were evaluated under managed salinity Internacional de for Biosaline Agriculture Southern breeds) proof of stress at International Center for Bio- Mejoramiento Asia farm testing by partners in concept saline Agriculture (ICBA). Top- de Maíz y Trigo Bangladesh (BARI and BRAC) (PC - end ranking 5 promising crosses identified, in salt-affected areas in South of enough seed multiplied and shared Bangladesh. research with partners in Bangladesh (BARI phase) and BRAC) for on-farm multilocation evaluation. 351 - Tested On-Farm Green Manure Production Stage 1: So far we have tried them in clustered Centro CRS - Catholic Relief Services National Cover Crop inter cropping systems Intercropping discovery/ research trials on-farm and have Internacional de Zimbabwe with green strategies with 7 different and Managem proof of extended them to 1000 baby trials Mejoramiento legume combinations in maize- concept de Maíz y Trigo manure cover ent based systems. Have been practices (PC) crops successful in Murehwa District. 29 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion Developed 100 inbred lines that Genetic Stage 3: The new lines that are resistant to Centro CIMMYT - Centro Global carry resistance to of Corn Stunt (varieties Corn Stunt Complex are ready for Internacional de Internacional de Mejoramiento Complex (CSC) disease. CSC is and available/ breeds) ready for distribution to interested partners. Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo 441 - Maize a very important disease of uptake de Maíz y Trigo genotypes maize in many Latin American (AV); resistant to the Countries and can cause close to devastating Corn 100% yield losses in susceptible Stunt Complex maize plants during severe epidemics. disease 442 - Biological Instead of relying on mature Genetic Stage 3: Technology is ready to be adopted at Centro CIMMYT - Centro Global control product seeds to identify haploid seeds, (varieties and available/ any and all locations. Internacional de Internacional de Mejoramiento for controlling developed a simple methodology breeds) ready for Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo to identify haploids from uptake de Maíz y Trigo aflatoxin immature embryos just two (AV); contamination weeks after pollination, saving in maize grain months worth of time. Also developed methodology to double the chromosome number before germinating the embryos. Very simple technology; can be adapted anywhere with minimal equipment. 30 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion 449 - Fine Using a mix of commercially Genetic Stage 1: Gene candidate for MLN resistance Centro Not defined Regional (varieties mapping of available and proprietary resistance molecular markers, Corteva and discovery/ identified. Editing in susceptible lines Internacional de Sub-Saharan breeds) proof of underway. Mejoramiento Africa / Agriscience, our collaborator, concept de Maíz y Trigo Eastern against maize has helped map the causal gene (PC - end Africa lethal necrosis in a little less than two years. We of Sub-Saharan (MLN) are down to a single research Africa / polymorphism as a strong phase) Middle candidate, which is being Africa currently edited in susceptible Northern lines to make them resistant to Africa MLN. 474 - Threats of The emergence and spread of Social Stage 3: paper published Centro CIMMYT - Centro Regional Science tar spot complex new crop diseases threatens the available/ Internacional de Internacional de Mejoramiento Latin disease of maize global food security situation. ready for Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo America & Phyllachora maydis, one of the uptake de Maíz y Trigo the Caribbean in the United three fungal pathogens involved (AV); Northern States of in Tar Spot Complex (TSC) of America America and its maize, a disease native to Latin global American countries, was consequences detected for the first time in the United States of America (USA) in 2015. 475 - This research studied the most Social Stage 3: The research has led to a major Wageningen • CIMMYT - Centro Regional information important maize-based foods in Science available/ publication in Global Food Security University and Internacional de Sub-Saharan targeting users’ Africa and their respective ready for Research Centre Mejoramiento de Maíz y Africa traditional processing uptake preferences for Trigo techniques, assessed maize (AV); • WUR - Wageningen processed maize preferences, analysed physical University and Research and chemical characteristics of Centre 31 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion products in maize, estimated the contribution Africa of maize to the daily diet of Africans, assessed the impact of traditional processing on nutritional composition of maize, and, lastly, formulated crucial breeding objectives to meet users’ preferences. 478 - Maize (Zea mays L.) use, mostly Social Stage 3: peer reviewed journal article available Centro CIMMYT - Centro National as poultry and fish feed, has been Science Determinants of available/ highlighting key results Internacional de Internacional de Mejoramiento Bangladesh maize increasing rapidly in Bangladesh ready for Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo – a densely populated country uptake de Maíz y Trigo cultivation in a with a rice-based agri-food (AV); land-scarce rice- system. Domestic maize based economy production has increased despite land scarcity but failed to meet the growing demand, with imports making up the shortfall. The present study contextualizes Bangladesh’s domestic maize production potential and examines the determinants of current maize cultivation using data from 1.12 million farm households. 485 - Two New CIMMYT maize yield trials Genetic Stage 3: Mayi Plus 1 and Mayi Plus 2 were the Centro • ORE - Organization for Sub-national (varieties Varieties have identified two varieties that adopted: Mayi out-yield anything grown in and available/ varieties selected from trials Internacional de the Rehabilitation of the Haiti breeds) ready for established over the last 2 years across Mejoramiento Environment Haiti in both irrigated and rain- uptake many areas of Haiti. In 2018, seed de Maíz y Trigo • AUC - American fed conditions. Basically, (AV); increases have already been carried University of the 32 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion Plus 1 and Mayi CIMMYT has identified the best out. Haitian farmers are producing and Caribbean School of Plus 2 varieties for the next decade in disseminating their own improved Medicine FP3 Haiti. seed.. 492 - Scaling Activities conducted on Production Stage 4: The Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture Centro • MoANR - Ministry of National conservation identifying, synthesizing and systems Internacional de Agriculture and Natural Ethiopia mapping sustainable maize and uptake by has adopted conservation agriculture agriculture- Managem next user based sustainable extension package Mejoramiento Resources (Ethiopia) production systems in Africa ent (USE) and cascade it to regional agriculture de Maíz y Trigo based • EIAR - Ethiopian Institute since 2012. Research evidences practices bureaus for implementation starting of Agricultural Research sustainable on sustainable production the small rainy season of 2019. A intensification systems (improved variety manual that guides the implementation systems in targeting combined with of CA-based sustainable Ethiopia conservation agriculture) intensification is developed and synthesized, policy engagement distributed in local language. done over two years, resulted in adoption of conservation agriculture -based sustainable intensification by Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia. 493 - Use of In breeding populations targeting Genetic Stage 1: We have established partners for the Centro • Bayer Crop Science Global high-throughput increased pro-vitamin A, the (varieties color sorting product profile includes a and discovery/ collaboration proof-of-concept. Internacional de • Purdue University breeds) proof of Mejoramiento recognizable deep orange color. concept de Maíz y Trigo technology to We plan to use high-throughput (PC - end enrich source optical sorting technology to of breeding enable us to rapidly screen very research populations for large populations of seeds to phase) deep orange sub-set the most orange kernels color required for further breeding work. for maize 33 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion varieties containing high pro-vitamin A content. Seed Production Technology Genetic Stage 2: The SPT technology system is based Pioneer • CIMMYT - Centro Regional (SPT) system prevents specific (varieties and successful on a gene, Ms44, which has been Overseas Pvt Internacional de Sub-Saharan plants from producing pollen. breeds) piloting tested in African adapted hybrids in Ltd Mejoramiento de Maíz y Africa 494 - Seed The system enables production (PIL - end African conditions both on farm and Trigo Production of non-pollen producing early of piloting on station. The hybrid concept • KALRO - Kenya Technology generation seed (EGS) which is phase) consistently gives a 4 to 5 percent Agricultural and non GM. SPT produced EGS yield advantage over near isogenic Livestock Research results in cost savings to seed comparison hybrids. Organization companies, improves the hybrid • ARC - Agricultural purity of commercial seed, and Research Council results in a hybrid product which has 50% non pollen producing plants and 4 to 5% increased grain yield under farmer conditions. Presentation at the ISPC Social Stage 1: As part of the work to derive a Centro • CIMMYT - Centro Global workshop on Foresight in the Science discovery/ strategy for foresight and ex-ante Internacional de Internacional de CGIAR held in Aberdeen, May proof of impact assessment presentations on Mejoramiento Mejoramiento de Maíz y 498 - Foresight 2018 concept the topic are given at relevant forums. de Maíz y Trigo Trigo for Maize and (PC - end • IITA Wheat of • ICARDA research phase) 34 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion Not defined Research Stage 3: The tool "The Scaling Scan" is Centro SNV - Netherlands Global and available and ready for uptake by Communi available/ Internacional de Development Organisation cation ready for CIMMYT staff, partners and general Mejoramiento 540 - The Scaling Methodolo uptake public. First, it was proofed and then it de Maíz y Trigo Scan gies and (AV); was piloted in different projects. Tools 549 - molecular Method based on preparation of Genetic Stage 3: The objective of introducing Centro • KALRO - Kenya Regional (varieties purity test of a seed extract containing seed particular seed isoenzymes in a and available/ molecular seed quality test to the seed Internacional de Agricultural and Sub-Saharan breeds) ready for companies is to increase the awareness Mejoramiento Livestock Research Africa / suitable extraction fluid and uptake about the importance of quality seed de Maíz y Trigo Organization Eastern separation of the so extracted (AV); for seed business and increasing • NARO - National Africa seed isoenzymes using productivity of maize in Africa. Agricultural Research isoelectric focusing at a suitable Organisation pH gradient formed by ampholytes, where after the so separated isoenzymes are conventionally colored and visually detected. The so obtained electrophoretic pattern is used to assess the genetic purity of maize hybrid varieties. 574 - The method is designed to Genetic Stage 1: Proof of concept completed and Centro Cornell University Global (varieties Customized GS extract a subset of a large training set collection of lines with and discovery/ method appears promising. Internacional de breeds) proof of Mejoramiento phenotype + genotype which concept de Maíz y Trigo development have the most relevant (PC - end information for predicting of GEBVs of new lines without research phenotype data. phase) 35 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion 575 - High value Markers in very close linkage Genetic Stage 3: High value, high quality markers have Centro • Corteva Regional (varieties markers linked with the major QTL for MLN to major gene tolerance from KS23 have been and available/ been deployed for use for breeding for Internacional de • OSU - The Ohio Sub-Saharan breeds) ready for MLN tolerance in maize. The markers Mejoramiento State University Africa deployed and used successfully uptake have been made available for use de Maíz y Trigo for MLN to improve breeding populations (AV); through the HTPG project of EiB and tolerance in and convert susceptible lines to have been successfully used by the maize. MLN tolerance. CIMMYT GMP team in east Africa. 577 - Precision Precision nutrient management Production Stage 3: Advanced stage in India, semi- Nepal • BARI - Bangladesh Regional systems fertilizer to increase efficiency and reduce application for drudgery and available/ advanced in Nepal, still in research Agricultural Agricultural Research South- Managem ready for stage in Bangladesh Research Institute Eastern Asia ent uptake Council smallholders • CIMMYT - Centro practices (AV); Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo • ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research • NARC - Nepal Agricultural Research Council 579 - Integrated IWM complex weed flora in Production Stage 2: Details are available in annual reports Bangladesh • NARC - Nepal National rice, maize, and wheat systems weed and successful found here: https://csisa.org/annual- Rice Research Agricultural Research Bangladesh management Managem piloting reports/ Insitute Council (PIL - end (IWM) ent • CIMMYT - Centro practices of piloting Internacional de phase) Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo 36 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Inno Stage Title of vatio of innovation Description of the innovation n innova Description of Stage reached Lead Top five contributing Geograph organization partners ic Scope type tion 581 - Multiple Integrated management of fungal Production Stage 2: Details are available in annual reports Nepal • CIMMYT - Centro Regional systems disease diseases in lentil through agro- management climatology and effective and successful found here:https://csisa.org/annual- Agricultural Internacional de South- Managem piloting reports/ Research Mejoramiento de Maíz y Eastern Asia fungicides (2); NP, BD innovations ent (PIL - end Council Trigo Integrated management of stalk practices of piloting • BARI - Bangladesh rot in maize (1); NP Dry chain phase) Agricultural Research management for reducing Institute aflatoxin in maize (1); NP Safe • DAE - Department of planting windows to avoid wheat Agriculture Extension blast (2); BD Climate services (Bangladesh) for disease prediction and • ICAR - Indian Council of management (2); NP, BD (note: Agricultural Research includes lentil and wheat) Fungicides for wheat blast (4); BD 582 - Scale- Multi-crop planters for the 2- Production Stage 3: Details are available in annual reports International • ICAR - Indian Council of Regional systems appropriate wheel tractor (3); NP Scale- mechanization appropriate reaper technologies and available/ found here:https://csisa.org/annual- Development Agricultural Research South- Managem ready for reports/ Enterprise • BARI - Bangladesh Eastern Asia to address labour bottlenecks at innovations ent uptake Agricultural Research harvest (4); NP, BD Low-cost practices (AV); Institute (Multiple) solar pumps for field crops (2); • BRRI - Bangladesh Rice NP Axial flow pump (4); BD Research Insitute • CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo • IDE - IDE Nepal 37 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 5: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones (Sphere of Influence-Control) Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge FP FP1 Outcome: 1.8 Highlights 2018 - Targeting Comple Published 7 papers 2018 0 0 1 1 1 National and foresight/targeting studies incorporates te -CSA and targeting regional policy to inform policy: competition for land DiP https://doi.org/10.1080/0961452 makers improved -abiotic stresses and spatial 4.2018.1492516 policy-making (drought/heat), weather dimensions of soil & -Weather risk and innovation benefits and increased risk and climate change water degradation SSA investment based implications for maize in AgEcon https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co on evidence Africa and S Asia m/doi/abs/10.11... -maize lethal necrosis ex -MLN ex ante CC Increase ante analysis of agronomic AS https://www.sciencedirect.com/sci capacity of and genetic interventions ence/article... beneficiaries to Africa -Potential benefits drought/heat tolerant maize 38 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge adopt research -Market potential & CRM http://www.sciencedirect.com/sc outputs targeting biofortified ience/article/... maize Mexico -drought Ethiopia IJCCSM -review of potential of https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-12- crop modelling in crop 2016-0179 research -crop modelling Agronomy -synergies between MAIZE http://www.mdpi.com/2073- foresight/targeting and 4395/8/12/291 CRP PIM and Big Data -Market potential & targeting biofortified maize Mexico RFM 41, 327-337 FP1 Outcome: Highlights studies to 2018 - Adoption and Comple Published 17 papers 2018 1 1 1 1 1.10 Farmers enhance adoption/impact impact studies on te 9 adoption/impact papers have greater and gender/social- technologies rolling -3xCA: Malawi-IJAS- awareness and inclusiveness: plan based on https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.20 access to, and -MAIZE Impact progress of 18.1472411; 2xAfrica-LUP- increased assessment strategy technologies along https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc adoption and developed and the theory of change e/article..., JAEE- adaptation of pragmatically and https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.20 improved strategically 18.1429283 technologies operationalized; with -5x maize: 3xEthiopia-JAE- various 2018 adoptions http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477- studies on germplasm and 39 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge CC Increase sustainable 9552.12221; FS- capacity of intensification/CSA https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017- beneficiaries to innovations. 0759-y; LUP- adopt research -reviews of remote https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc outputs sensing opportunities for e/article...; Nigeria-FS- monitoring adoption https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018- dynamics 0772-9; India-AR- -Potential of DNA https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-018- fingerprinting in Ethiopia 0330-x for adoption studies. -QPM-Child nutrition Ethiopia- -MAIZE supported gender Nutrients- cross-CRP flagship project http://www.mdpi.com/2072- (GENNOVATE) brought to 6643/10/11/1776 completion, with release special issue (Agri- 8 gender papers Gender-JGAFS3(1)) and -6x GENNOVATE special issue resource materials. JGAFShttp://agrigender.net/views/insi -gender research and ghts-from- mainstreaming position wom...;http://agrigender.net/views/co created and recruited in S llaborative- Asia - incl linkage with res...;http://agrigender.net/views/gen CCAFS. dered- aspirati...; http://agrigender.net/views /the-GENNOVATE- 40 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge fie...;http://agrigender.net/views/local -normative- c...;http://agrigender.net/views/comm unity-typolog... -Gender-Innovation Platforms Rwanda CP https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330. 2018.1496465 -Land-youth Tanzania LE https://uwpress.wisc.edu/journals/j ournals/le... FP1 Outcome: 1.9 Highlights markets/value 2018 - Rapid value Comple 2018 Published 17 papers 1 0 1 0 Last mile provider chain studies to enhance chain assessments te Maize Bangladesh-JCI- (extension last mile linkages: with proper gender https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.20 partners, farmer -value-chain opportunities lens conducted in 18.1446375 organization, in relation to seed selected countries to -cereal markets–JADEE- community- systems; mechanization; identify opportunities https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-09- based VC development; and bottlenecks in 2017-0088 organizations, innovation; storage MAIZE private sector) -review gender-equitable value-chain - Maize production increased access development guides DiP- dynamics and and promotion of https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.20 technologies to 18.1447550 41 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge farmers opportunities in -3xValue-chain development Bangladesh JADEEhttps://www.emeraldinsight.co CC Increase - Nutritional opportunities m/doi/abs/10.110...; JADEE- capacity of MAIZE-AFS, incl maize- http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/a beneficiaries to based foods. Analysis in bs/10.1108...; JADEE- adopt research various countries using https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/ outputs secondary data incl abs/10.110... evolving diets and food -2xSeed systems – Africa-IFAMR- security implications. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2016. Visiting fellow identified 0086; global but only available in 2019 FS- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571- Q4. Nutrition and food 018-0825-0 systems task force -2xInnovation capacity: ESA-JAEE- initiated at CIMMYT in https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.20 2019 building on earlier 18.1439758; LAC-CCTA- preparatory work in 2018 http://revista.corpoica.org.co/index.p (science week; Nutrition hp/revi... Learning Initiative). -2xMechanization: Kenya- AMAALA49:20-32; ESA-JDS- http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2 017.13295... -native value chains Mexico-JRS- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science /article/... 42 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge -foods Africa-GFS- https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc e/article... -storage Benin- AE https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi /abs/10.11... -2xWTP Pakistan-GMCF- https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.20 18.1544831; Ghana- CJAE http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cjag.1 2147 FP FP2 Outcome: 2.4 Important sets of pre-bred 2018 - Tools and Extende Novel methods to shorten the time N/A N/A 2 2 2 Crop researchers lines and source protocols adopted d required to identify haploid embryos world-wide germplasm was made for enhanced were developed and will be validated increased use of available for drought efficiency and lower and deployed in 2019. These will novel germplasm tolerance, tar spot disease cost of maize reduce the cost and/or time of and tools for resistance and maize doubled haploid (DH) producing DH lines for breeding validation, lethal necrosis tolerance. line development in programs. refinement and In addition, progress was tropical germplasm the discovery research was development of made in developing and environments completed and validation initiated in products and/or validating novel 2018. Validation and deployment will tools for: 1) discovery and be completed in 2019. 43 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge Adoption of use of novel diversity from 2018 - Novel alleles, Comple 68 ears from 4 large landrace-based N/A N/A 2 2 CGIAR materials germplasm accessions, haplotypes and te genomic selection pre-breeding with enhanced and 2) enhancing the landrace donors populations selected for potential genetic gains efficiency of doubled identified for at least tolerance to drought, heat and low haploid technologies to three priority traits soil nitrogen based on calculated accelerate breeding (MLN, TSC and genomic estimate of breeding values progress. drought) and moved - evidenced by breeding trial and Formal capacity into pre-breeding analysis files in institutional data development activities, and/or breeding repositories. e.g. student thesis projects pipeline 524 landrace accessions identified and formal workshops, are using GIS selection with potential for not highlighted in this salinity tolerance - evidenced by report, but were/are an analysis files in institutional data important component of repositories. FP2 strategy to enhance Novel allele contributing to drought the effectiveness of MAIZE tolerance identified in landrace researchers worldwide. germplasm and validated through in- silicoanalysis of trial and expression data - evidenced via draft publication held in internal institutional repository. These landrace donors for MLN, TSC and Drought are listed in the SeeD Product Catalog and are available on 44 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge request: https://seedsofdiscovery.org/ catalogue/ MLN: 13 landraces out of 1000 evaluated were identified as having superior tolerance to MCMV virus, the major component virus of MLN. TSC: 2 landraces and 4 CIMMYT populations have been identified with good resistance to Tar Spot Complex. Drought: 52 landraces identified as donors for resistance to drought out of over 600 evaluated. 2018 - At least 15 Comple Drought: 32 lines are listed in the 0 0 2 2 early generation pre- te SeeD Product Catalog bred lines available (https://seedsofdiscovery.org/catalog for TSC and drought, ue/) and are available for distribution. incorporating useful These lines were evaluated as genetic diversity from testcrosses in multi-year, multi- selected landraces location trials under managed into elite or semi- drought conditions as well as under elite backgrounds normal conditions (with irrigation or rain-fed). 45 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge TSC: 54 lines are listed in the SeeD Product Catalog and are available for distribution. These lines have been screened per se for TSC resistance and evaluated as testcrosses in multi- year, multi-location trials for yield. FP2 Outcome: 2.5 Strong progress was made 2018 - Established Comple Comparison of approaches for N/A N/A 2 1 Breeders develop in development of tools and methods te genotype driven germplasm selection improved improved data that enable more from germplasm banks for primary varieties more management tools for efficient phenotypic evaluation for traits of efficiently breeding. Genetic markers management and interest conducted and documented, through greater for use in routine breeding utilization of data evidenced by a draft publication in access and use of were also deployed during and knowledge internal institutional repository. documented 2018, and a full pipeline of implemented and Release of enhanced Germinate data germplasm and development and used by all MAIZE warehouse (3.4) with new within and tools validation of additional breeders cross trial data query capacities, markers is in progress. evidenced Adoption of byhttp://germinate.seedsofdiscovery. CGIAR materials org/maize/. Development of a new with enhanced version of Germinate data warehouse genetic gains (3.5) facilitating the integration of and query across data from projects subject to different data licensing 46 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge terms, evidenced by institutional installation in an internal staging pre- deployment environment Good progress was made in design and development of an enterprise breeding system software for management of breeding programs, integrating use of "big" genomic data. Breeder-ready markers were developed for turcicum leaf blight and maize streak virus. Markers are under development or validation for several additional traits, mainly important diseases. FP FP3 Outcome: 3.1 Four new MAIZE-derived 2018 - Multiple stress Extende Replacement of 15+ year old maize 0 0 1 0 3 Improved maize lethal necrosis tolerant MAIZE d varieties in MLN-endemic countries in exchange and (MLN) tolerant maize hybrids (with MLN eastern Africa is work in progress. utilization of hybrids were released in resistance) replace at However, 20% yield advantage under germplasm and 2018 in Kenya. least 5 dominant but heat stress in stage 4 hybrids cohort data by MAIZE 537 tons of certified 15+ year old maize has been achieved. partner breeding drought tolerant (DT)+ varieties in MLN- MLN tolerant maize endemic countries in 47 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge teams hybrids were eastern Africa; At commercialized in eastern least 20% yield CC Increased Africa. advantage under capacity for Four new CIMMYT heat- heat stress in Stage 4 innovations in tolerant (HT) maize hybrids cohort partner research hybrids allocated to three relative to popular organizations seed company partners, commercial hybrids based on yield advantage grown in the spring of 1.5 tons under heat season in South Asia. stress over popular commercial maize hybrid checks in South Asia in Stage 4 trials Three CIMMYT HT maize hybrids released in India in 2018. Nine HT maize hybrids under commercialization in Bangladesh, India and Nepal 70 tons of certified maize seed produced and sold to farmers 48 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge FP3 Outcome: 3.2 MLN Information Portal 2018 - A dedicated Comple Portal established for MLN, but not 0 0 2 0 Effective and MLN Phytosanitary MAIZE te FAW- FAO and CABI have separately pest/disease Community of Practice, pathogen/pest/parasi established Web Portals for Fall surveillance, established by CIMMYT tic weed web portal Armyworm management, and monitoring and 242 NPPO staff across 8 and data therefore, not replicated under diagnostics countries in ESA trained management system MAIZE. protocols/proced on MLN diagnostics and (toolbox) with core ures for surveillance databases, controlling the MLN-free seed production established under spread and and exchange MAIZE Atlas; Reliable impact of SOPs/Check-lists are and cost-effective existing/emergin presently implemented by diagnostic protocols g threats 45 seed companies across for curbing the Eastern Africa spread of pathogens Reduce pre- and (e.g., MCMV) through A comprehensive IPM post-harvest seed implemented by manual on FAW published; losses, including NPPOs and the manual was further those caused by commercial seed translated into French and climate change companies in ESA. Portuguese versions and released in Sept-Oct 2018. FAW R4D International Conference organized in Addis, jointly by CIMMYT, 49 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge IITA, CABI, icipe, USAID, AUC, FAO, and AGRA FAW R4D International Consortium established jointly by CIMMYT and IITA, with membership of nearly 45 institutions FP3 Outcome: 3.3 Ongoing activities under 2018 - Precision Comple Asia: large heat-stress phenotyping 0 0 1 1 Partner breeding IMIC-Africa, Asia, LAC (e.g. phenotyping sites, te network, 23 sites, 4 Asian countries teams access and PPP) and bilateral including well- established. Since 2009, ESA adopt improved breeding research equipped benchmark abiotic/biotic screening network breeding collaborations. Doubled phenotyping sites expanded to 59 locations across 11 processes, haploid(DH) technology and complementary countries. Expanded for managed including new optimized and deployed in satellite phenotyping drought, low nitrogen stress technologies, SSA, reducing time taken sites, established in screening. Regional testing network methodologies, to develop parental lines. SSA and South Asia allowed greater selection intensity approaches and in partnership with for stress tolerance, maximized genetic public and private benefits of limited resources. resources sector partners. CC Increased capacity for innovations in 50 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge partner research organizations FP3 Outcome: 3.4 Approx. 6 tons of breeder, 2018 - Seed Comple Seed production research undertaken 1 0 0 1 Increased pre-basic and basic seed production studies te on 421 CIMMYT maize parental lines deployment of of CIMMYT maize lines across a range of (236 in southern Africa; 185 in eastern improved MAIZE produced in Zimbabwe target seed Africa), besides more than 50 varieties by seed and Kenya; Approx. 2.2 production parental single-crosses, and relevant companies in tons of NPT/hybrid demo environments in information shared with seed target agro- seed produced and shared collaboration with company partners. ecologies with public/private sector public/private sector Closed yield gaps partners in 16 countries partners; Research through across SSA. into the economics of improved seed production of agronomic and single-cross and animal husbandry three-way cross practices hybrids in SSA. FP3 Outcome: 3.9 A total of 20 MAIZE- 2018 - Donor Comple Prefilled by Flagship 2 1 1 0 Increased derived nutritious maize germplasm with te availability of varieties were released by kernel carotenoid nutritious maize NARS/seed enterprises, stability and with desirable including 7 Provitamin A- processing properties end use quality enriched varieties (Malawi identified and shared 51 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge traits to farmers, and Cameroon); 6 QPM with partners in food and feed varieties (Cameroon and target countries producers, and Nepal); 6 QPM + high Zn processors varieties (Guatemala, 2018 - Sustainable Extende The seed system management 0 0 1 0 Increased Nicaragua, Colombia); and early-generation d software will be developed in 2019, availability of 1 high Zn variety in seed (breeder, pre- to streamline product flow, inventory diverse nutrient- Guatemala. basic, and foundation management, routine QC/QA rich foods A total of 81 MAIZE seed) supply systems operations, phytosanitary regulation varieties (with trait promoted, especially compliance, and shipment tracking. combinations relevant to in SSA; Deployment smallholders in Africa, Asia of a new seed system and Latin America) were management released. software in regional More than 2 tons of hubs, linked to breeder and pre-basic institutional seed of CIMMYT parental phenotypic and lines of commercial genotypic databases, climate-resilient hybrids to streamline produced and supplied to inventory a basic seed provider for management, routine promoting sustainable and QC/QA operations, quality basic seed to seed phytosanitary companies in ESA regulation 52 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge compliance, and shipment tracking. FP FP4 Outcome: 4.9 Major progress in scaling 2018 - Existing Extende See publication list for MAIZE in 2018 0 0 1 1 4 Smallholder SI practices have been scaling approaches d plus capcity development/training farmers increased achieved across the including public/ documents their capacity to regions (LAC, ESA, SA). private partnership adopt and adapt Detailed progress on the and context specific SI practices and outcome can be found in business models products individual project reports evaluated in target (associated with (mainly CSISA, SRFSI, geographies leading cross-cutting MasAgro, Buena Milpa, to improve scaling sub-IDO) TAMASA, SIMLESA). The models and critical capacity to adopt is not scaling factors Increased access only through direct defined to productive interaction with assets, including smallholder but through 2018 - adapt Extende Prototype application developed for 0 0 1 1 natural resources collobaration with a range precision water d smartphone (PANI) in Bangladesh. of stackeholder mgmt practices w/ Scaling still needs to take place use of remote, proximal sensing info 2018 - optimisation Extende More resilient cropping systems in 0 0 1 1 of cropping systems d SSA (ESA) through CA based 53 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Cross-Cutting Markers FP Outcome Outcome Progress Milestone Status Milestone Evidence Clim Gen Yo Cap ate der uth Dev Cha nge support adaptation approaches and diversification. Range to climate change of Farming Systems analysis tools validated in specific developed and tested to target MAIZE target specific interventions according to geographies agroecologies and farm types FP4 Outcome: 4.6 Responsible sourcing 2018 - Better Extende Needs further scaling in Mexico and 0 1 1 0 Private sector strategies for various understand scaling d other regions where CIMMYT works. (and public agro-ecologies in Mexico up processes in CSISA-MI phase funder for further sector) increased developed and tested. multi-actor scaling of mech. business model. See provision of Significant scaling of innovation networks, reports of GIZ projects in Ethiopia, services to mechanization option to ensure FACASI in ESA, CSISA and CSISA-MI smallholder through service provision sustainability of in South Asia farmers to in Bangladesh and India. institutional increased their Progress on service mechanisms, ability to adopt SI provision in ESA (FACASI) structures practices and products CC Increase capacity of beneficiaries to adopt research outputs 54 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report 55 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period (Sphere of control) CIMMYT/IITA pubs list currently includes 172 entries for MAIZE or MAIZE + another CRP or Platform. Please Click Here to see a detailed analysis. Number Percent Peer-Reviewed publications 172 100% Open Access 106 62% ISI 133 77% 56 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 7: Participants in CapDev Activities Please list CapDev activities and participants, following updated guidance. Please Click Here to see a detailed analysis of MAIZE Cap-Dev Activities. Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Number of trainees Female Male In short-term programs facilitated by CRP 6,562 14,979 In long-term programs facilitated by CRP 77 143 57 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 8: Key external partnerships Please list up to five important partnerships for 2018 for each flagship, using the following table Lead Brief description of partnership aims (30 List of key partners in partnership. Do not use acronyms. Main area of partnership FP words) dropdown: Research/Delivery/Policy/Capacity Development/Other, please specify _ FP1-4 Fall armyworm Consortium; develop and 35 organizations, among them CIMMYT, IITA, AGRA, CABI, FAO, icipe, Research coordination / implement a unified plan to fight this plant FAO, USAID and the African Union Commission delivery / policy pest on the ground in Africa and South Asia FP2-3 Multi-location precision phenotyping DMR - ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, BARI - Bangladesh Research / Cap Dev platform network for different traits in S. Asia Agricultural Research Institute; MRI - Maize Research Institute of Vietnam, AAU - Anand Agricultural University Bioseed Research India Pvt. Ltd, Bisco Bio Sciences Pvt Ltd, Ajeet Seeds Ltd, Rasi Seeds, IAHS - Indo-American Hybrid Seeds Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Research Consortium (JIRCAS) is lead coordinator. Global coordination of and implementation 3 CGIAR Centers (CIAT, ICRISAT, and CIMMYT), collaborating on BNI of joint research projects focused on BNI, research. across crops, cropping systems and scientific In 2018, total of 13 members, including Chinese Institute of Soil disciplines. Science (CAAS), Nanjing Agricultural University, Japanese National 3rd symposium held in 2018. MAIZE joined in Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Texas A&M University, 2018. University of Hohenheim, University of Vienna. Methods, tools, data storage genetic Earlham Institute, James Hutton Institute, Cornell University Cap Dev discovery, genotypic data linked to new breeding management software 58 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report FP3 International Maize Improvement 25 private and public sector seed companies joined for far, to get Delivery / Cap Dev / Consortium – Africa (IMIC-Africa); enhance early access to highly developed material. members’ capacity for germplasm SeedAssure, a digital platform that gives automatic feedback on development in their own breeding programs compliance and seed production management, along with remedy & subsequent multi-location testing of elite options. pre-commercial maize hybrids throughout sub-Saharan Africa High-throughput genotyping and USDA, Cornell Uninversity, InterTek, TraitGenetics Research phenotyping projects partners FP4 Piloting nutrient management app with SAA - Sasakawa Africa Association Delivery farmers MoANR - Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Ethiopia) Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries (United Republic of Tanzania) IPNI - International Plant Nutrition Institute Fondation OCP, Morocco Consolidation as a strategic partner, to GRUMA foods company Delivery promote a sustainable intensification in Latin America that promotes combining adequate germplasm, productive practices and management & more direct and reliable relationships between producers and agro- industry. 59 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 9: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations Brief description of the collaboration Name(s) of collaborating Platform(s), Optional: Value added, in a few words Platform(s) or Center(s) e.g. scientific or efficiency benefits High zinc maize for better nutrition Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), More nutritious diets; biofortified zinc Guatemala’s Institute for Agricultural Science maize hybrid contains 6-12ppm more zinc (with support from HarvestPlus) and Technology (ICTA), , Semilla Nueva and 2.5 times more quality protein compared to conventional maize varieties BPAT, Crops to End Hunger Initiative EiB and other AFS-CRPs Cross-crop collaboration on breeding research Approach to foresight PIM, other CRPs Build critical mass, deploy scares resources, joint partnering Led set-up of International Consortium on FAW to CIMMYT and IITA Capacity building, knowledge exchange connect research with practical field solutions against FAW; globally roll out a sustainable integrated Fall Armyworm management program, 35 organizations have united their efforts. 60 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 10: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA) Studies/learning exercises planned for this year (from Status Type of study or activity Comments POWB) S1211 - Multi-criteria analysis On Going Synthesis: reviews, Not defined in maize agronomy: Workshop systematic reviews, and paper development evidence gap maps (From Project P1071) FP4 S1221 - Leveraging biological On Going Synthesis: reviews, Not defined diversity to improve maize systematic reviews, productivity and nutritional evidence gap maps outcomes (From Project P1071) FP4 S1281 - Strategic research On Going Other Not defined expansion, partner engagement and resource mobilization plan (South East Asia, SEA) (From Project P1072) FP4 61 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Studies/learning exercises planned for this year (from Status Type of study or activity Comments POWB) S1301 - On-Farm Evaluation of On Going Other N/A Stress Tolerant Maize Varieties in Southern Africa (From Project P1263) FP3 S1351 - Report on global On Going Adoption study: Ex-post Completed the first draft and it is under review with the MAIZE germplasm impact adoption survey (at scale) management for dissemination. Most likely by the end of (From Project P969) 2019, it will be widely shared and also submitted to a journal FP1 for publication S1401 - Leasing of agricultural Complete Other the leasing models study has been relevant to advise the machinery MoA on its advantages/disadvantages (From Project P834) FP4 S1601 - Maize variety On Going Adoption study: Ex-post The project is still on-going but we expect that we will have adoptions through DNA adoption survey (at scale) results on variety adoption soon that will inform breeding technology in Ethiopia and seed systems. (From Project P857) FP1 S1611 - The endline survey of On Going Adoption study: Ex-post N/A maize producers in Ghana adoption survey (at scale) (From Project P975) 62 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Studies/learning exercises planned for this year (from Status Type of study or activity Comments POWB) FP1 S1641 - Adoptions and impact On Going Adoption study: Ex-post Not defined of sustainable intensification in adoption survey (at scale) maize-legume cropping systems in eastern and southern Africa (From Project P853) FP1FP4 S1651 - Gather and index On Going Adoption study: Ex-post Not defined various maize Adoption/impact adoption survey (at scale) assesment work per region (From Project P974) FP1 S1671 - Achieving Impact On Going EPIA: Ex-post Impact Not defined through Complementary assessment (at scale) Stress-resistant Seed & Financial Technologies (From Project P859) FP1 63 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Studies/learning exercises planned for this year (from Status Type of study or activity Comments POWB) New S2561 - Gender Complete Synthesis: reviews, Using information collected from 29,000 households by the Differentiated Impacts of systematic reviews, BBS, the present study examines the gender-differentiated Commodity Price Shocks on evidence gap maps impacts of the commodity price hikes in 2008-09 on food Households’ Consumption and non-food consumption behavior based on the sex of the Behavior: A Natural Experiment household head. In 2010, they were forced to reduce (From Project P966) expenditures on food and non-food items, and particularly FP1 cereal, non-cereal, health and education expenditures, more than the male-headed households. This study clearly shows that the impacts of commodity price hikes were lower on the female-headed households headed by educated females and those who owned larger pieces of land, received remittances, and allocated labor to non-farm sectors. New S2650 - Adoption study: ex Complete Other In 2018, the seed companies affiliated to the MasAgro Maize post sales survey project had an impact of 1,023,197 hectares (Mexican (From Project P1461) market), with a 52% of CIMMYT germplasm. FP3 New S2690 - Nutrient Expert Complete Effectiveness study User survey conducted by Leandata (part of ACUMEN) and point of access: farmer and (development project- funded by BMGF provider insights level adoption and impact (From Project P826) studies) FP4 64 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Studies/learning exercises planned for this year (from Status Type of study or activity Comments POWB) New S2699 - Changing Food Complete Other Increasing incomes, urbanization, and population growth are Consumption of Households in transforming developing countries. This structural Developing Countries: A transformation is changing lifestyles and consequently food Bangladesh Case consumption and agri-food systems. The present study uses (From Project P966) Bangladesh as a case study, a rapidly growing developing FP1 economy in South Asia to examine the changing food consumption pattern. Using information from more than 29,000 households, the present study demonstrates that, with the increase in income and urbanization, this traditional rice-consuming country is increasingly consuming more wheat. The changes in the relative consumption in Bangladesh are prominent both in rural and urban areas. The literature often is based on the premise that with increasing income, households switch from staple cereals to high food- value items. The present study highlights the need to also consider within-staple substitution. New S2723 - Project report-seed Complete Other Through CIMMYT maize yield trials, CIMMYT has identified production plots two varieties (Mayi Plus 1 and Mayi Plus 2) that out-yield (From Project P1228) anything grown in Haiti in both irrigated and rain-fed FP3 conditions. Basically, CIMMYT has identified the best varieties for the next decade in Haiti. Haitian farmers have already begun to multiply and disseminate these varieties. 65 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 11: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations Not applicable. Tracking of 2014/15 Evaluations closed. 66 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 12: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2018) Strategic, longer-term research, seed invests Rapid response (incl Cross-Portfolio, -CRP learning for impact CRP Gov. & Mgmt. flexibility) FP1 Conduct survey on adoption of improved maize, Ghana; MLN and FAW-related Implications of technological, environmental and MAIZE-ISC See pp DNA fingerprinting based of varietal identification in activities: Stakeholder dietary changes in MAIZE AFS MAIZE-MC 5-6 farmers's fields, Nigeria interactions, ex ante Diversify, strengthen strategic thematic areas for impact assessments SMB CRPs Rep MAIOZE Agrifood Systems ( e.g. political Economy, support Nutrition, remote sensing opportunities for monitoring dynamics) w/ sabatical visiting scientist CGIAR CoPs participation FP2 Provide data curation, data standard development, and MLN and FAW-related See pp database user support towards ensuring FAIR sharing of activities: Find novel 6-7 MAIZE data genetic diversity, gene Phenotype lines selected through high throughput MSV editing genotyping with artificaial MSV infection FP3 Breeding for resistance to key diseases, salinity MLN and FAW-related Exploring incorporation of gender-responsive traits See pp tolerance, cold stress tolerance, in Asia-adapted maize activities: Breeding in maize breeding and seed systems in ESA 7-8 germplasm research Develop capacity for generating field-based multi- Testing of experimental materials and disease screening location precision phenotyping data for nurseries, collect information on gains due to genetic drought/heat stress improvement in many traits, improved germplasm, improved hybrids, training on yield assessment methods Document genetic gains in hybrids released since 2000 FP4 Develop MAIZE research agenda in South East Asia MLN and FAW-related Rethinking adoption and adoption research (New) See (partnership resource mobilization strategy/plan) activities: Validate, scale Use field data to validate the potential application p.8 & Gain insights on farmers’ decision-making related to IPM, other agronomic of CERES-Maize model 10 sustainable intensification approaches Complete evaluation for release of drought tolerant QPM maize 67 2018 MAIZE Agri-Food System, Annual Report Table 13: CRP Financial Report Planned budget 2018 Actual expenditure 2018* Difference W1/2 W3/bilateral Total W1/2 W3/bilateral Total W1/2 W3/bilateral Total FP1 1,146,236 3,330,521 4,476,757 1,384,000 4,136,000 5,520,000 -237,764 -805,479 -1,043,243 FP2 1,812,220 5,466,327 7,278,547 1,953,000 6,022,000 7,975,000 -140,780 -555,673 -696,453 FP3 3,749,747 26,028,765 29,778,512 2,519,000 20,200,000 22,719,000 1,230,747 5,828,765 -1,739,696 FP4 1,409,552 22,190,797 23,600,349 1,936,000 21,653,000 23,589,000 -526,448 537,797 11,349 any other main program planned budget 922,459 0 922,459 outside FPs (if relevant) CRP Mgmt & Support 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 751,000 0 751,000 249,000 Cost Less Collab Costs -2,996,000 -2,996,000 -2,996,000 -2,996,000 0 0 CRP Total 10,040,214 54,020,410 64,060,624 8,543,000 49,015,000 57,558,000 325,755 5,005,410 -3,219,043 68