www.globalnutritionreport.org2015 Nutrition Country Profile ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY CHILD ANTHROPOMETRY ADOLESCENT AND ADULT NUTRITION STATUS JAMAICA WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY INDICATORS: PROGRESS AGAINST GLOBAL WHA TARGETS Under-5 stunting, 2012a Under-5 wasting, 2012b Under-5 overweight, 2012a WRA anemia, 2011b EBF, 2011a Off course, some progress On course Off course, some progress Off course Off course, some progress Sources: a Definitions of progress developed by GNR’s Independent Expert Group with guidance from WHO/UNICEF; b WHO 2014. Notes: Currently it is only possible to determine whether a country is on or off course for five of the six WHA targets. The year refers to the most recent data available; on/off-course calculation is based on trend data. WRA = women of reproductive age. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding. INCOME INEQUALITY Gini index score* Gini index rank† Year 46 111 2004 Source: World Bank 2015. Notes: *0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality. † The countries with a Gini index are ranked from most equal (#1) to most unequal (#145). POPULATION Population (000) 2,813 2015 Under-5 population (000) 240 2015 Urban (%) 52 2015 > 65 years (%) 16 2015 Source: 2015 projections from UNPD 2013. CHILD ANTHROPOMETRY Number of children under 5 affected (000) Stunting a 14 2012 Wasting a 8 2012 Overweight a 20 2012 Percentage of children under 5 affected Wasting a 3 2012 Severe wasting a NA NA Overweight a 8 2012 Low birth weight b 11 2011 Sources: a UNICEF/WHO/WB 2015; b UNICEF 2015. Note: NA = not available. ADOLESCENT AND ADULT ANTHROPOMETRY (% POPULATION) Adolescent overweight a 22 2010 Adolescent obesity a 6 2010 Women of reproductive age, thinness b NA NA Women of reproductive age, short stature b NA NA Sources: a WHO 2015; b DHS 2015. Note: NA = not available. MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF POPULATION Women of reproductive age with anemia a Total population affected (000) 177 2011 Total population affected (%) 24 2011 Vitamin A deficiency in children 6–59 months old (%) b 10 2013 Population classification of iodine nutritionc NA NA Sources: a WHO 2015; b Stevens et al. 2015; c WHO 2004. Note: NA = not available. CHANGES IN STUNTING PREVALENCE OVER TIME, BY WEALTH QUINTILE Data not available Source: DHS surveys 1990−2011 adapted from Bredenkamp et al. 2014. PREVALENCE OF UNDER-5 STUNTING (%) 2006 6 2007 4 2008 5 2010 5 2012 6 Source: UNICEF/WHO/WB 2015. POVERTY RATES AND GDP US$1.25/day (%) US$2/day (%) GDP per capita PPP ($) 1. 76 8. 74 1. 33 6. 48 0. 31 8. 50 0. 24 5. 85 8,370 8,485 8,521 8,607 1996 1999 2002 2004 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: World Bank 2015. Note: PPP = purchasing power parity. UNDER-5 MORTALITY RATE Deaths per 1,000 live births 2009 19 2010 18 2011 18 2012 17 2013 17 Source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 2014. METABOLIC RISK FACTORS FOR DIET-RELATED NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, 2008 (%) Raised blood pressure Raised blood glucose Raised blood cholesterol Both sexes Male Female 34 13 39 27 10 43 31 12 41 Source: WHO 2014. PREVALENCE OF ADULT OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY, 2014 (%) Both sexes Male Female Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) 66 36 52 18 59 27 Source: WHO 2015. Note: BMI = body mass index. 1 www.globalnutritionreport.org INTERVENTION COVERAGE AND CHILD-FEEDING PRACTICES UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 2015 Nutrition Country Profile For complete source information: http://globalnutritionreport.org/the-report/technical-notes. © 2015 International Food Policy Research Institute JAMAICA INTERVENTION COVERAGE (%) Severe acute malnutrition, geographic coverage a NA NA Vitamin A supplementation, full coverage b NA NA Children under 5 with diarrhea receiving ORS b 64 2011 Immunization coverage, DTP3 b 93 2013 Iodized salt consumption b NA NA Sources: a UNICEF/Coverage Monitoring Network/ACF International 2012; b UNICEF 2015. Notes: ORS = oral rehydration salts; DTP3 = 3 doses of combined diphtheria/tetanus/ pertussis vaccine. NA = not available. INFANT AND YOUNG-CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES (% 6–23 MONTHS) Minimum acceptable diet NA NA Minimum dietary diversity NA NA Source: UNICEF 2015. Note: NA = not available. GENDER-RELATED DETERMINANTS Early childbearing: births by age 18 (%) a 15 2011 Gender Inequality Index (score*) b 0.457 2013 Gender Inequality Index (country rank) b 88 2013 Sources: a UNICEF 2015; b UNDP 2014. Note: *0 = low inequality, 1 = high inequality. POPULATION DENSITY OF HEALTH WORKERS PER 1,000 PEOPLE Physicians 0.411 2008 Nurses and midwives 1.092 2008 Community health workers 0.271 2008 Source: WHO 2015. POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS National implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes a Some provisions voluntary 2014 Extent of constitutional right to food b NA NA Maternity protection (Convention 183) c Partial 2011 Wheat fortification legislation d Mandatory 2015 Undernutrition mentioned in national develop- ment plans and economic growth strategies e Rank: 96/126 2012– 2015 Overnutrition mentioned in national develop- ment plans and economic growth strategies e Rank: 20/116 2012– 2015 Sources: a UNICEF 2014; b FAO 2003; c ILO 2013; d FFI 2015; e IDS 2015. Note: NA = not available. AVAILABILITY AND STAGE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GUIDELINES/ PROTOCOLS/STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NCDs Diabetes Available, fully implemented 2010 Hypertension Available, fully implemented 2010 Source: WHO 2014. Note: NCDs = noncommunicable diseases. CONTINUUM OF CARE (%) 10 Unmet need for family planning, 2009b 44 Continued breastfeeding at 1 year, 2011a 65 Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth, 2011a 99 Skilled attendant at birth, 2011a 86 Antenatal care (4+ visits), 2011a Sources: a UNICEF 2015; b UNPD 2015. RATE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING OF INFANTS UNDER 6 MONTHS (%) 2005 15 2011 24 Source: UNICEF 2015. FOOD SUPPLY Undernourishmenta (%): data for 1991, 2000, 2010, 2015 Available calories from nonstaplesa (%): data for 1991, 2000, 2009, 2012 Availability of fruits and vegetablesb (grams): data for 1990, 2000, 2010, 2011 1991 10 59 421 2000 8 62 577 2010 8 474 2012 61 532 2015 8 61 Source: a FAOSTAT 2015; b FAOSTAT 2014. FEMALE SECONDARY EDUCATION ENROLLMENT (%) 2008 98 2009 96 2010 94 2011 91 2013 79 Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2015. GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES (%) Health Education Social protection Agriculture 3.3 4.3 1.8 8.6 17.7 2.0 8.5 19.2 2.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 1990 2000 2010 2012 Source: IFPRI 2015. SCALING UP NUTRITION (SUN) COUNTRY INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, 2014 (%) Data not available Source: SUN 2014. IMPROVED DRINKING WATER COVERAGE (%) Piped on premises Other improved Unimproved Surface water 62 31 5 66 27 3 72 22 12 3 5 1990 2000 2015 Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2015. Note: Due to rounding, numbers might not add up to 100. IMPROVED SANITATION COVERAGE (%) Improved facilities Shared facilities Unimproved facilities Open defecation 80 16 1 81 16 1 82 17 3 2 1 1990 2000 2015 Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2015. Note: Due to rounding, numbers might not add up to 100. 2 http://globalnutritionreport.org/the-report/technical-notes