Poster Print Size: DEVELOPING A WOMEN’S EMPOWERNMENT IN ENERGY INDEX Change Color Theme:
This poster template is 36” high by 
48” wide. It can be used to print any CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE This template is designed to use the 
built-in color themes in the newer 
poster with a 3:4 aspect ratio. versions of PowerPoint.
Placeholders: Muzna Alvi, Ezaboo Beniwal, Tushar Singh, Sehrish Raja, Nicky Johnson, Vidya Vemireddy To change the color theme, select 
the Design tab, then select the 
The various elements included in 
this poster are ones we often see in ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Individual Unrestricted Colors drop-down list.
Item Ownership Access
medical, research, and scientific Energy requirements cut across almost 
• W M W M
Equal access to energy critical to meeting basic 1000 HHs in rural Nepal Mid Hills and Terai
posters. Feel free to edit, move,  every aspect of millions of people standards of living • Regional Disparity: Empowerment higher in mid-Hills regions 
• Non-mechanized farm equipment: hand 
Aaccess to energy leads to positive impacts--reduced compared to Terai.
add, and delete items, or change the who live across the world. Many tools, animal-drawn plough, treadle pump 17.5 25.3 98.1 96.7
women’s drudgery, improved health, time savings etc. • Energy Use: 97% Terai HHs and 43% Hills HHs had electricity 
day-to-day activities that use energy 
layout to suit your needs. Always • Reach and benefit of energy services are unequal, and connections Mechanized farm equipment: 
are activities in which women are the outcome differs for women with heterogeneous • 41% HHs in Terai and 6% HHs in Hills owned or tractor-plough, power tiller 9.3 33.3 76.7 89.6
check with your conference social identities. used tubewell or borewell for irrigation. Mechanized farm equipment: mechanized 
engaged, but women bear the costs of 
organizer for specific requirements. • Significant knowledge gaps around intra-household • Energy Decision Making: Women less likely to decide source irrigation technology (diesel or solar pump) 9.6 24.0 91.5 96.7
unequal distribution of energy. dynamics in energy use--gendered power dynamics or procure energy source for HH heating and lightening. Men 
within a household => inequality in accessing and using more likely to take decisions on change of energy source. Non-farm business equipment: sewing 
Image Quality: Qualitative studies suggest a vital role machine, brewing equipment, fryers, solar 
energy. • Energy Technologies Ownership and Access: Men have higher 22.7 35.2 95.3 91.2
panels
of women’s empowerment in energy individual ownership rates, in mechanized farm equipment 
Large consumer durables for household 
You can place digital photos or logo • A thorough review of the literature between agency, and non-farm business equipment. use: refrigerator 12.9 14.8 94.4 90.2
access or use, but the conceptual as resources and achievements of women and men in • Men have higher unrestricted access to mechanized farm 
art in your poster file by selecting Large consumer durables for household 
well as empirical evidence on the relation to access and use of energy resources. equipment and means of transport, , while women have use: TV 12.5 20.5 96.3 95.9
the Insert, Picture command, or by • Developing a framework examining the relationship higher unrestricted access to household durables. 
same is limited. We contribute to this Large consumer durables for household 
between empowerment and access/use to energy for Technology Gap indicate digital divide. use: cookstove 12.2 19.8 99.1 94.3
using standard copy & paste. For gap by first, reviewing the extant household and productive use. 
Large consumer durables for household The default color theme for this 
best results, all graphic elements • Identify indictors to measure women’s empowerment in 
literature to understand the use: sofa, furniture etc. 14.1 15.8 98.1 99.1
the context of energy Does Education and Caste  matter in determining Energy Access: template is “Office”, so you can 
should be at least 150-200 pixels gender-differentiated patterns of • Caste: Upper caste households exhibit higher HH and  Small consumer durables: radio, cookware
13.6 20.3 99.5 97.7 always return to that after trying 
per inch in their final printed size. individual ownership across most assets
access or use of energy and the role of • Better access to tech-related assets like smartphones and Traditional cell phone some of the alternatives.
For instance, a 1600 x 1200 pixel 54.4 71.6 94.3 97.1
women’s empowerment. Second, we traditional cell phones is seen in upper caste groups, 
photo will usually look fine up to revealing a digital divide along caste lines. Smart phone that would allow use of 
mobile internet 49.1 65.8 86.7 78.4
develop a theoretically grounded • Printing Your Poster:
Education: Asset ownership and individual ownership rates 
8“-10” wide on your printed poster. conceptual framework to study energy tend to increase with the education level of the household Means of transport: bicycle, motorcycle, car
MEASURING ENERGY 24.7 34.2 90.1 96.9
head for both genders, Once your poster file is ready, visit 
To preview the print quality of and women’s empowerment and EMPOWERNMENT • Mechanized farm equipment, non-farm business CONCLUSIONS www.genigraphics.com to order a 
images, select a magnification of finally, we identify a set of indicators equipment and transportation. 
Decision making • Individual ownership of smartphones and traditional cell high-quality, affordable poster print. 
100% when previewing your poster. that can be used to measure women’s Which source to use and on changing Access to phones increases with education level, indicating a • Energy access critical for improved well-being outcomes, Every order receives a free design 
procurement (1/3) energy source mechanized assets 
This will give you a good idea of role in a rural and developing country (1/3) (framed as potential digital divide influenced by education and socio-economic mobility, with observed disparities in 
(1/3)
changing from gender. asset ownership and utilization. review and we can deliver as fast as 
what it will look like in print. If you context. These contributions pave the un-clean to clean 
sources) • Start differences across caste lines, particularly in next business day within the US and 
mechanized / high-value assets; significant hurdles for 
are laying out a large poster and way for future research and thus, help 
Which source to use (1/6)- Adequate if Dalit and women farmers. Canada. 
using half-scale dimensions, be sure in developing gender-friendly policies Adequate if respondent makes • Results similar across south Asian countries—small 
decides at least one source decisions Indicator Hills Tarai farmers and women farmers less likely to own or have 
to preview your graphics at 200% to and programs regarding energy. Genigraphics® has been producing 
for domestic use (cooking, solely, or is Has access to 
involved in (not 5DE Score 0.85 0.81 access to farm machinery and irrigation.
heating, lighting), and one 
see them at their final printed size.  output from PowerPoint® longer 
source for productive use decision necessarily • Women exhibit lower ownership yet relatively equal 
 (agriculture, other income making to ownership) 
medium or of one N (number of observations) 464 498 access to household energy technology; wider gender than anyone in the industry; dating 
Please note that graphics from generating activities) high extent gap in mechanized asset sphere.
mechanized 
• Regional disparity in empowerment and energy access– back to when we helped Microsoft® 
asset for % achieving empowerment 57 50
websites (such as the logo on your domestic/leis can be guide for effective targeting design the PowerPoint® software. 
hospital's or university's home page) Who procures the source ure GPI Score 0.94 0.93
(1/6)- Adequate if consumption
will only be 72dpi and not suitable respondent procures at Adequacy on , and one 
one domestic mechanized N (number of dual-adult households) 460 493 REFERENCES
least one source for source and one asset for US and Canada:  1-800-790-4001
for printing. domestic use (cooking, 1. Shrestha et al, forthcoming; Kafle et al, 2022
heating, lighting), and one productive livelihood % of women achieving gender parity 73% 71%
source for productive use source is 2. Matinga et al. 2019; Winther et al. 2020 Email: info@genigraphics.com
(agriculture, other income required A-WEAI Score (0.9*5DE + 0.1*GPI) 0.86 0.82 3. United Nations, Millennium Development Goals, 2005; M.G. Pereira et al.
[This sidebar area does not print.] generating activities) [This sidebar area does not print.]