ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES FOR CTA’S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Phase II: Caribbean The Bahamas Final Report Prepared by: Godfrey Eneas on behalf of the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) Project: 4-7-41-204-4/d October 2005 Disclaimer This report has been commissioned by the CTA to enhance its monitoring of information needs in ACP countries. CTA does not guarantee the accuracy of data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of CTA. CTA reserves the right to select projects and recommendations that fall within its mandate. ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES FOR CTA’S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Phase II: Caribbean The Bahamas Final Report Prepared by: Godfrey Eneas on behalf of the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) Project: 4-7-41-204-4/d October 2005 Table of Contents List of Acronyms iii Executive Summary viii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. COUNTRY PROFILE 2 2.1 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 3 2.1.1 Agriculture 3 2.1.2 Fisheries 4 2.1.3 Forestry 4 2.2 Information and Communication Management Capacity 4 2.3 Agricultural Information Services 6 3. NEEDS ANALYSIS 10 3.1 Information Needs 10 3.2 Capacity Building Needs 12 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 4.1 Conclusions 16 4.1.1 Extent of Key Problems 16 4.1.2 Information Needs 17 4.1.3 Capacity Building Needs 19 4.1.4 Potential Partners and Beneficiaries: 20 4.2 Recommendations 21 4.2.1 Information Needs 21 4.2.2 Capacity Building Needs 22 4.2.3 Potential Partners and Beneficiaries 23 ANNEXES 24 ANNEX I. TERMS OF REFERENCE 25 ANNEX II. COUNTRY PROFILE 32 II.1 General Agricultural Profile 32 II.2 Socio-Economic Profile 48 II.3 Media and Telecommunications 58 ANNEX III. PROFILE OF INSTITUTIONS 69 III.1. List of All Institutions in Agriculture and Rural Development 69 III.2 Select List of Key Institutions 74 ANNEX IV. PERSONS/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED 84 ANNEX V. REFERENCES 86 ii List of Acronyms ACW Anglican Church Women AGCSL Abaco Agricultural Cooperative Society Limited BAIC Bahamas Agricultural Industrial Corporation BAPA Bahamas Agricultural Producers Association BCC Bahamas Chamber of Commerce BCL Bahamas Cooperative League BDB Bahamas Development Bank BEC Bahamas Electricity Corporation BEST Bahamas Environmental Science & Technology Commission BF Bahamas Ferries BHA Bahamas Hotel Association BPE Bahamas Produce Exchange BTC Bahamas Trade Commission CCSSHSCSL C.C. Sweeting Senior High School Cooperative Society Limited CVBHSCSL C.V. Bethel High School Cooperative Society Limited CAIS Caribbean Agricultural Information Service CARDI Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute CAIC Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce CCA Canadian Cooperative Association CCCU Caribbean Confederation of Credit Unions CDB Caribbean Development Bank CARIRI Caribbean Industrial Research Institute CAMID Caribbean Marketing Intelligence Network CRNM Caribbean Regional Negotiation Machinery CARICOM Caribbean Secretariat CAHSCSL Central Abaco High School Cooperative Society Limited CTA Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Corporation COB College of The Bahamas CTL Container Terminals Limited CTO Caribbean Tourism Organization CERMES Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies CUNA Credit Union National Association DOA Department of Agriculture DCD Department of Cooperative Development DOF Department of Fisheries DOI Department of Immigration DLS Department of Lands & Surveys DLG Department of Local Government DOS Department of Statistics EACSL Eleuthera Agricultural Cooperative Society Limited iii FFSS Fish & Farm Supply Store FDA Florida Department of Agriculture FAO Food and Agricultural Organization 4HC 4 H Club FTAA Free Trade Agreement of the Americas GBFCSL Grand Bahama Farmers Cooperative Society Limited GBPA Grand Bahama Port Authority GI Global Insight IDB Inter-American Development Bank IICA Inter-American Institute For Cooperation on Agriculture JAB Junior Achievement Bahamas IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute MCFCSL Mangrove Cay Fishing Cooperative Society Limited MCSL Mayaguana Cooperative Society Limited MAFLG Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Local Government MOE Ministry of Education MOT Ministry of Tourism MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry NPLPCSL New Providence Livestock Producers Cooperative Society Ltd. NAFCSL North Abaco Fishing Cooperative Society Limited NCICSL North Cat Island Cooperative Society Limited NLICSL North Long Island Cooperative Society Limited NLIHSCSL North Long Island High School Cooperative Society Limited QCCSL Queen’s College Cooperative Society Limited USDA United States Department of Agriculture U of Fla. University of Florida UWI University of the West Indies WCCU World Council of Credit Unions WTTC World Travel and Tour Council Exchange rate: EURO EURO = 1.29636 USD (May 2005) iv List of Tables Page Table 1: Sources of Information 6 Table 2: Needs Analysis 14 Annex II Tables II.1 Table 3: Agribusiness and Small Farm Output (Graph 1) 32 Table 4: Farm Population Grouping 1978, 1994 and 2005 34 Table 5 Number of Holders by Island 35 Table 6: Farm Population by Age Group and Gender 36 Table 7: Number of Farmers By Age, Years in Farming and Gender 37 Table 8: Acreage under Production 1978 and 1994 38 Table 9: Total Fishery Product Landings 1997 – 2003 40 Table 10a: Bahamas Total Recorded Product Landing 41 Table 10b: Total Recorded Landings by Weight and Value (Graph 2) 41 Table 11a: Bahamas Total Value of Exports 42 Table 11b: Total Value of Exports (Graph 3) 42 Table 12a: Bahamas Recorded Landing of Crawfish 42 Table 12b: Bahamas Recorded Landing of Crawfish (Graph 4) 42 Table 13: Production Potential of Specific Crops 43 Table 14: Main Agricultural Produce 2003 45 Table 15: All Bahamas Exports 2003 46 II.2 Table 16: Population by Island and Sex (1970-2000) 49 Table 17: Literacy 50 Table 18a: Public School Enrollment by District: Primary Schools 50 Table 18b: Public School Enrollment by District: Secondary Schools 51 Table 18c: Enrollment: Independent Schools 52 Table 19: Registered Physicians, Dentists and Nurses Bahamas 53 1998-2002 Table 20a: Dispersion of Government Health Service Facilities, 54 Bahamas (2003) Table 20b: Dispersion of Government Health Services Facilities, 55 Bahamas (2000) Table 21: Number of Consumers 56 II.3 Table 22: Newspapers 58 Table 23: Periodicals 60 Table 24: Private Radio Stations 63 Table 25: Private Households by Island and Number of Televisions 64 per Household Table 26: Private Households by Island Indicating Number of 65 v Households with Satellite or Cable Table 27 Wire-line and Wireless Subscribers, Bahamas 66 Telecommunications Ltd. Table 28: Private Households by Island Indicating Availability 67 and Access to Amenities Table 29: Internet Service Providers 67 Annex III Tables Table 30: Institutions Involved in Agriculture and Rural Development 70 Table 31: Select List of Key Institutions 74 Annex IV Tables Table 32: Persons Interviewed 84 Key to type and role of institutions / organizations: Type: AS-F Farmer’s association (includes co-operatives) AS-W Women’s association AS-Y Youth association BNK Bank or credit institution CCI Chamber of commerce and industry CHU Church-based group EDU Educational institution GOV Government department/ministry NGO Non-government organization PRV Private enterprise, company REG Regional organization, project or network STA Statutory body STE State enterprise OTH Other Role: EX Extension and outreach IN Information services FS Financial services PP Policy and planning vi PS-E Private sector – Exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) PS-M Private sector – Manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) PS-P Private sector – Producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) PS-S Private sector – Supplier (e.g. agrichemicals, equipment, seeds) RD Research and development RG Regulation (compliance, standards) TR Training (at secondary, tertiary vocational level) TM Trade and marketing (include market development) RU Rural Development OT Other vii Executive Summary Introduction This study, The Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs in African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states Phase 2: Caribbean, was commissioned by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). The CTA was established in 1983 as an African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) – European Union (EU) organization. Its original mandate was derived out of the Lomé Convention and, in the year 2000, it was modified following the signing of the new ACP/EU framework agreement (Cotonou Agreement). The CTA’s main goal is “to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilize information in this area.” Objectives The objectives of the study are as follows; • To identify agricultural information needs of key actors/beneficiaries for CTA products and services. • To identify needs of potential actors/beneficiaries of CA activities and services in terms of building capacity for information and communication management. • To identify potential partners/beneficiaries for CTA activities and services. • To develop some baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities. Methodology The methodology employed in the study comprised three components: • Briefing session at the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), St. Augustine, Trinidad. • A desk review of available literature and information services including the findings of program findings. • Face-to-face interviews were undertaken by interviewing officials and senior management personnel in ten institutions of which were from the public sector, and the remaining four were non-governmental organizations (NGO’s). Expected result In conjunction with the above, “The study should assist the three operational units of the CTA as well as it’s local representatives to improve and better target interventions and activities aimed at political partners and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and civil society organizations); to have a more informed picture of their needs and viii aid in the elaboration of a strategy and framework of action. The study should also highlight where there are specific needs for CTA’s products and services thereby enabling improvement in the delivery of the same.” Findings With reference to information, the needs which were ascertained were statistical (sectoral and national), field data for crop forecasting and marketing, crop and livestock yields and trade information i.e. EU legislation, state of industry / agribusinesses and general public policy plans. Capacity building needs were centered on manpower development and training in order to upgrade skills and expertise in information and communication technology (ICT). Conclusions and recommendations In concluding it was apparent that the public sector lacked a clear understanding of the following: • The importance of an effective ICT program as an integral part of the agricultural sector and as a mechanism to assist in regulating the sector. • There was also little evidence that steps were being taken to establish a national information system generally and specifically in the agricultural sector. In view of the above it is recommended that action should be taken to assist the agricultural sector of The Bahamas in formulating a strategic information plan. ix 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Established in 1983, the original mandate of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) – European Union (EU), Technical Cooperation for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) has been modified following the signing of the new ACP-EU framework agreement (Cotonou Agreement) in 2000. 2. Since 2000, the CTA’s responsibilities have been “to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilize information in this area.” To undertake these responsibilities, the CTA, as stated in this study’s terms of reference, has designed programs around three main activities: • “Providing an increasing range and quality of information products and service and enhancing awareness of relevant information sources. • “Supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying contacts and information exchange. • “Developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM) strategies.” (CTA, TOR) 3. This is undertaken within the framework of three operational departments as defined in the CTA’s Strategic Plan (2001-2005): • Information Products and Services • Communication Channels And Services • Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems Working in conjunction with the operational department is Planning and Corporate Services (P&CS), which performs a support role to these departments by providing “the methodological underpinning…and monitoring of the ACP environment to identify emerging issues and trends.” It is from this perspective that programs like information needs assessment emerge from the CTA. 1 2. COUNTRY PROFILE 4. The Bahamas is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida and northeast of Cuba. It covers an area of 13,935 sq. km. of which 10,070 sq. km. is land. The archipelago experiences a tropical maritime climate with winter incursions of modified cold air and generally neither frost, snow, sleet nor extreme temperatures. Humidity is high during the summer months, which also corresponds to the hurricane season. 5. There are 30 populated islands in the archipelago. The 2000 census of population recorded that there were 303,611 people and, by 2003, the figure had climbed to 316,298. Life expectancy at birth for males is 68.3 years and for females 75.3 years. The average annual population growth rate was 1.9% in 2002 (DOS). 6. HIV/AIDS is a health condition of major concern as some figures indicate there is a 3% adult prevalence rate with some 5,600 (2003 est.) living with the disease. 7. The Bahamas gained its Independence from Britain on July 10th 1973 and continues the tradition of constitutional parliamentary democracy under a bi- cameral system (Upper Chamber – Senate (16 seats) and lower Chamber – 40 seats House of Assembly). Being an archipelago, there are 21 administrative districts. 8. An overview of the economy shows that The Bahamas with its stable government and democratic traditions has developed an economy which is service orientated and dominated by tourism and financial services. With a gross domestic product (GDP), in the area of about 4.04 to 4.24 billion Euros (B$5.1 to B$5.5 billion), being fueled by strong performances in tourism (40%), financial services (15%) and a boom in the construction of hotels, resorts and residences this has led to solid economic growth in recent years. The per capita income has been estimated to be between 11,570 to 13,113 Euros (B$15,000 to B$17,000) per annum. 9. The labor force in 2002 was 167,980 workers, and unemployment is conservatively estimated to be less than 10%. Employment is highest in the tourism sector, with agriculture accounting for less than 5%. 10. The Bahamas is well endowed with infrastructure as there are some 29 airports with paved runways, an outstanding telecommunications system and major port facilities in Nassau and a transshipment container terminal in Freeport, Grand Bahama. 2 2.1 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 11. The agricultural sector in The Bahamas contributes 3% to GDP. Of this, about 2% is generated by the fishing industry and the remaining 1% from agribusiness and small farmer output. 2.1.1 Agriculture 12. Agribusiness, small farmers and fisheries fall within the portfolio of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government. The Ministry is responsible for the general administration of the sector. The administration is headed by a Permanent Secretary with two directors – Department of Agriculture (agribusiness and small farmers) (DOA) and Department of Fisheries (DOF). 13. Unlike the fisheries sector, which is growing in both output and the number of individuals employed, the agribusiness and small farmer sector is facing a crisis of declining numbers in the farm population. In 1978, there were almost 10,000 individuals; by 1994 it had decreased to less than 7,000, and in 2005, the figure is possibly around 5,000. 14. As New Providence becomes more urbanized, farming is becoming an endangered activity as land which was formerly used for farming has been redeveloped for housing purposes. In the 1994 census there were 1,825 individuals engaged in farming in the age groups 55 to 75 years and over. Using the life expectancy figure of 67 years for Bahamian males, it is likely that most of the 1,030 males are probably dead. This is also the group (667) with 15 or more years of experience. 15. The citrus canker outbreak on Abaco will adversely affect the acreage under citrus production and the citrus export market to the United States. The government of The Bahamas has chosen the course of grove destruction to eradicate the canker. This will decrease the acreage under production thereby putting thousands of acres of cultivated land out of production as well as decreasing the number of individuals employed by agribusiness. 16. Despite this scenario, agribusinesses and small farmers recognize their vulnerability to market forces, which have been accelerated by globalization through the liberalization of agricultural trade and the move to create a hemispheric trading body in the form of the Free Trade Area of The Americas (FTAA). As a result agribusinesses and small farmers have formed national commodity groupings or associations such as The Bahamas Agricultural Producers’ Association (BAPA), or the New Providence Livestock Producers’ Cooperative Society (NPLPCS) and participate in regional bodies like the Caribbean Poultry Association (CPA) and the Caribbean Agribusiness Association (CABA). 17. It is anticipated that, through a reformed Produce Exchange and Packing House system in conjunction with a reinvigorated DOA and Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Corporation (BAIC), output from agribusinesses 3 and small farmers could be increased as this segment seeks to become more competitive. 2.1.2 Fisheries 18. The fisheries industry employs some 1200 individuals as fishermen, food safety technicians and processing plant workers. It generates 77,140,000 Euros annually principally from the export of crawfish or lobster to global markets like the EU, Canada, and USA. The Fisheries industry is a major earner of foreign exchange for The Bahamas. 19. Fisheries processing facilities have to meet EU food safety standards in order for Bahamian crawfish to enter the EU market. Fisheries processing facilities are located in fishing communities on Andros, Long Island, Abaco, and Spanish Wells in North Eleuthera, and also two facilities in New Providence. 2.1.3 Forestry 20. Forestry’s output is limited, principally to exports of the Cascarilla Bark and the burning of Pinus caribae (pine trees) for charcoal for the local market. Cascarilla bark is found mainly on the islands of the South-Eastern Bahamas (Cat Island, Acklins, and Crooked Island). Only a small number of people (50) are engaged in collecting the bark for which the European Union (Italy) is the main market. In 2003 the value of exports was 203,922.52 Euros (DOA). Charcoal burning activity is unregulated and its value is difficult to ascertain, it is undertaken in some communities on North Andros, Abaco, and Grand Bahama. 2.2 Information and Communication Management Capacity 21. The institutions interviewed comprised the following: Public Sector – Ministries: 1 Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government (MAFLG) 2 Tourism (MOT) 3 Trade and Industry (MOTI) Departments: 1 Agriculture (DOC) 2 Bahamas Produce Exchange (BPE) 3 Fisheries (DOF) Statutory Body: Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Corporation (BAIC) Private Sector/ Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) Cooperative: 1 New Providence Livestock Producers’ Cooperative Society Ltd. (NPLPCSL) 2 Bahamas Cooperative League (BCL) 4 Association: The Bahamas Agricultural Producers’ Association (BAPA) Organization: Bahamas Chamber of Commerce (BCC) 22. In the Public Sector, there is a registry for office files for which there is a responsible office or supervisor (these people do not hold degrees, and have basic clerical training); this includes BAIC. In the MAFLG, DOA and DOF, there is no specific individual with the responsibility for public education, preparation of audio-visual or newsletters. At BAIC, the preparation of newsletters and publications is undertaken by the marketing division and steps have been taken to place ICM with the Accounts Department. 23. The availability of equipment in the various ministries, such as scanning equipment and hardware/software is not a problem. The challenges are mainly the lack of training in the use of the equipment. Apart from the Ministry of Tourism none of the Ministries interviewed had technically trained individuals in Computer Science. The staff who generally work with computers use them principally as word processors. 24. In the MOT, there is a dedicated department headed by a Director for Research and Development with the responsibility for tourism data and analysis via information technology. In the MOTI, in addition to a registry supervisor, there are three officers responsible for website maintenance and the monitoring of the content on the Internet, particularly matters relating to trade. In MAFLG, BPE and DOA, only senior officers (these staff generally have degrees or post-grad qualifications) have access to the Internet whereas in the DOF all officers can obtain access to the Internet. The Bahamas Government has a centralized website, which is administered through the Ministry of Finance data processing unit. Some ministries such as the Ministry of Tourism work independently. 25. The DOA has an officer who works out of the office of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) two days each week for the purpose of accessing agricultural information from the Internet. This is a joint program between IICA and DOA. This individual has received some training in data processing. 26. In the Departments of Agriculture and Fisheries respectively the analytical work is completed by professional officers with some knowledge of ICT, hence the publication of statistical data. In the MOTI the individuals working on the website have no specific expertise in ICT, just on-the-job working knowledge. 27. Among the NGOs, only the BCL and BCC have individuals with the responsibility for information. In the BCC, there is a program coordinator for publications as well as a part-time web-site Administrator. The BCL has one individual performing registry and ICM functions. 5 2.3 Agricultural Information Services 28. In the public sector, particularly agriculture, the main sources of agricultural information services are the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and IICA. For the Bahamas Produce Exchange, marketing information on prices is obtained from the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some technicians in the DOA obtain information from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRT). 29. The Ministry of Trade and Industry and The Bahamas Trade Commission receive their information on trade from the World Trade Organization (WTO), The Caribbean Regional Negotiation Machinery (CRNM), CARICOM Secretariat and the office of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). 30. The DOF, in addition to FAO, receives a great deal of information from the University of the West Indies Centre For Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES). On the other, the MOT collaborates on information services with the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), the WTO, the World Travel and Tourism Council and Global Insight. 31. With reference to NGOs, members of cooperatives and the association rely on input suppliers i.e. feed companies for their source of information. In some instances, small farmers utilize the Department of Agriculture’s Extension Services whereas agribusinesses depend on input suppliers. 32. Entities like the BCC utilize, for trade matters, the WTO, CRNM and CARICOM. For other matters, it looks to Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce (CAIC), Employers’ Confederations, the US Chambers of Commerce and local entities like Customs, Department of Statistics and the Ministry of Finance. The BCL receives information from the Caribbean Confederation of Credit Unions (CCCU), the Canadian Cooperative Association (CCA), IICA, World Council of Credit Unions (WCCU) and the Credit Union National Association (CUNA). Table 1: Sources of Information Category Organization Source Type Location Input Event NPLPSC Input Production USA Animal Feed Suppliers Trade Poultry USA Southeastern Show Poultry CPA Poultry Region Commodity Group DCD Cooperative National Monitoring Technical Assistance DDA Policy National Duty Free Exemption 6 Category Organization Source Type Location Input Event BCL Financial National Technical Assistance Advocacy BCL CUNA Financial USA Credit Union WCCU Financial Global Credit Union CCCU Financial Regional Body CCA Developmental Canada Cooperatives Advisory IICA Advisory Hemispheric Studies, projects prod/supplier BCC CARICOM Trade Regional CSME CRNM Trade Regional CSME FTAA WTO CAIC Business Regional Integration Trinidad Development Studies Conference Central Financial Data National Economic Bank of Statistics The Bahamas DOS Country Data National Statistics BEC Employers National Workplace conditions BAPA IICA General Hemispheric Studies, products, seminars CABA Agribusiness Regional Group CARDI Technical Regional Livestock information Input Production USA Supplier Trade Ornamental USA Nursery Show Horticulture Products Min. of Policy National Planning sector Agr. Programs BAIC Central Economy National Economy Bank Dept. of General National Planning Statistics Statistics projections Customs Imports National National food bill/consumption DOA Agriculture National Technical Min. of Financial National Economy Finance Bah. Dev. Financial National Projects Bank 7 Category Organization Source Type Location Input Event IICA Age Hemisphere Technical, studies, project, Workshops CIDA Industry Region CDB Financial Region Project funding IDB Financial Hemispheric Projects, funding FAO Agriculture Global Technical CARIRI Industrial Regional BPE FDA Marketing USA Commodity prices FAO Marketing Global Technical (Post- harvest) MOT DOI Visitors National Immigration cards CTO Industry Regional BHA Visitors Hotel occupancy DLG Family Island Liaison Cruise Visitor arrivals By sea Ships Travel Visitor arrivals By air or sea Agents WTTC Industry Global GI Industry Global DOF FAO Fisheries Global Technical information UWI CERMES Region Marine Environment IICA Technical Latin America & Project seminars assistance the Caribbean IDB Financial Hemispheric Funding FAO Technical Global Projects/studies MAFLG IICA Technical Hemispheric Studies/projects DOA IFPRI Policy International CARDI Technical Regional Information crops and livestock USDA Technical USA/International U of Fla. Technical USA FDA Technical USA Phytosanitary MTI WTO Trade Global Monitoring, BIC seeking membership RNM Trade Regional FTAA 8 Category Organization Source Type Location Input Event FTAA Trade Hemispheric Monitoring status/action CARICOM Trade Regional CSME 9 3. NEEDS ANALYSIS 33. In the Public Sector and among the NGOs, it is obvious that information needs are being satisfied primarily from external sources like the FAO, IICA, WTO and input suppliers as very little information, in a usable form, is emanating from national bodies or agencies. 34. In conjunction with this, NGOs are looking to the Public Sector for basic statistical data and information to assist in planning and business decisions. This is compounded by the fact that there are manpower limitations resulting from the lack of expertise and management skills in the public sector and among the NGOs. 3.1 Information Needs 35. One of the needs in the public sector is a sectoral update of agribusinesses and small farmers. Heavy dependence in the past has been placed on census returns. 36. Since independence, two censuses have been conducted: one in 1978 and the other in 1994. Decision-makers in the Department of Agriculture have encountered serious difficulties in trying to plan the orderly growth and development of the sector without vital information like the number of farmers, their ages, location, type of farming/agribusiness activity. 37. In order to address this issue, the Department has introduced an annual farmer registration scheme, or program which facilitates the granting of duty-free exemptions to bona fide farmers and agribusinesses. However, difficulties are being encountered in the analysis of the data which is captured by the scheme and devising a methodology which will enable the department to use the information as a planning tool or mechanism is proving to be challenging. 38. The MOT has a program where it utilizes the immigration card to extract information on visitors. From this information, they have developed a database, which is the basis of their marketing program and has enabled them to pin point the demands of the visitor. A similar retrieval system could be adapted for the farmer registration scheme. 39. The DOA has had difficulties in obtaining production yield statistics for crops and livestock (small ruminants and pigs). The diverse growing environment and climatic conditions in the southeastern Bahamas have created a demand for this type of information for crop and livestock professional officers as well as farmers. 40. The Bahamas has a very open economy as it is heavily dependent on imports to generate revenue as well as to provide the funds to purchase goods to keep the country functioning. This impacts the Customs Department which is 10 responsible for collecting the data on imports and turning that information over to the Department of Statistics. 41. Ministries like MAFLG, DOA and MTI monitor imports; however, obtaining this information on a timely basis poses difficulties due to communication differences between the different government departments. For years the Statistics Unit of the DOA has disagreed with the DOS and The Central Bank of The Bahamas in the manner in which agricultural statistics are represented to reflect the agricultural sector’s contribution to the country’s GDP. There is a central data processing facility in the Ministry of Finance as well as a Department of Statistics. Placing the information in a format which is usable by all ministries, department and statutory bodies creates difficulties. 42. Tourism spending is an important component in determining the GDP of The Bahamas. This data is compiled by the Central Bank of The Bahamas Research Department in conjunction with the MOT. Collecting and analyzing this information in order to provide ministries like MTI and the DOA on a timely basis is proving to be a difficult task. The difficulties stem from the fact that import statistics from the Bahamas Customs Department have to be included to arrive at a figure for national food consumption. Inputting customs returns along with compiling the statistics being generated by the other ministries is the responsibility of the DOS, and this has been the basis for some of the delays in the preparation of statistics on a timely basis. Determining food consumption habits by visitors is a critical aspect of production planning for both crops and livestock as well as the processing and marketing of fresh and processed foods. 43. The Bahamas Produce Exchange and Packing House system is constrained by the inability to obtain crop-forecasting information. This has had implications on the capability of the Produce Exchange to set prices and to meet market demands on a consistent basis, which in turn, adversely affects the capacity of The Bahamas Produce Exchange to take advantage of linkages to the tourism sector, i.e. hotels, gourmet restaurants and the fast food US franchise outlets. 44. As a result of the liberalization of markets, the eventual membership of The Bahamas in the WTO, its participation in the FTAA, the possibility of joining the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME), and the EU/ACP Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), trade issues are a growing area of importance to The Bahamas. 45. The DOF has had difficulties obtaining information on EU legislation as it relates to fisheries commodities entering the EU. For The Bahamas, the EU is a major market for Bahamian crawfish which is one of a few commodities in which The Bahamas is a major exporter on the global scene. 46. The Bahamas Trade Commission in the MTI, and the DOA view trade information and data as critical components in the execution of their duties. Sources such as the DOS and the Central Bank of The Bahamas do not always have up-to-date information readily at hand. This can frustrate the efficiency of the analytical work of these agencies. 11 47. BAIC is encountering challenges in finding sources of information on industrial standards for a range of commodities and cash flow analysis for the development of agribusinesses and general business plans. 48. The most critical information need for NGOs is the availability of public sector statistics on a timely basis and policy details for macro and micro planning in order for intelligent projections to be made. This is a major concern of the BCC and BAPA. 49. The BCL is also unable to obtain financial information and information on the status of membership from its affiliates; particularly the Producer/Supplier Cooperatives which, apart from NPLPCSL, are located in the Family Islands (in view of the fact that 85.1% of the population reside between the islands of New Providence and Grand Bahama, the remainder of the islands are referred to as The Family Islands; these islands are significantly less developed than New Providence and Grand Bahama which are the urban centers of The Bahamas) . 3.2 Capacity Building Needs 50. In the public sector, the Government of The Bahamas has launched an e- government program to introduce and implement the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all ministries and departments. However, the ministries and departments interviewed were either marginalized or constrained in ICT usage for a number of reasons such as funding, human resources and equipment. 51. Among the Ministries interviewed, only the Ministry of Tourism had technology as a cornerstone in its strategic or business plan. Information was channeled to two departments – Research and Development and the Electronic Marketing Services. The basis for generating the data came from the immigration cards which are filled out by visitors, residents and citizens on arrival into The Bahamas. The success of the MOTs program stems from the fact that there is expertise, understanding and appreciation for the process of data collection, collation, assimilation and distribution. 52. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government, its departments (Agriculture and Fisheries) and Sections/Units (Bahamas Produce Exchange) as well as the statutory body (BAIC) have stated that they are constrained by the lack of trained manpower in the use of ICT and the analysis of data, e.g. the Farmer Registration Program. 53. Even though there may be a budgetary allocation to purchase equipment (computers, scanners and Internet access) or to hire personnel, the freezing of funds and employment prohibits action by the departments or units to address these constraints. 12 54. Among the NGOs, there is recognition for greater use of ICTs; however among the cooperatives and in the BAPA there are limitations due to the lack of financial resources to employ this kind of expertise. Moreover, in most Family Island communities there is the possibility to access computers and the Internet yet farmers are not linked. This is a problem faced by the Bahamas Produce Exchange and its Packing Houses where the state of crop production in the Family Islands is unknown. Despite the fact that competent extension personnel may be unavailable on some islands, the farmer could be a source of information if he or she was trained and a system established. 55. Among the producer/supplier cooperatives, there is little communication with the BCL on issues affecting them vis-à-vis policy, marketing problems, trade concerns, and organizational matters. This stems from the fact that there is no “network” in place to foster a two-way flow of information between the cooperative affiliate and the BCL. A network among producers/suppliers cooperatives and the BCL would be a tremendous asset in generating information. 56. As the BCC expands into the Family Islands, there is a growing need for ICTs and it is recognized that two additional employees are needed – a full-time administrator and a webmaster. In the archipelagic environment of The Bahamas, the Internet is a tool which is being increasingly appreciated; however, funding the manpower and training is difficult for Family Island communities which are competing with the urban enclaves of Nassau and Freeport for competent workers. NGOs like the BCC with its family island branches and the BCL with it’s producer/supplier cooperatives are hard pressed to find manpower with ICT expertise. Among the producer/supplier cooperative a program will have to be established to train farmers or utilize the youth who are participating in cooperative as an ICT resource. 57. There is no agricultural research and development work taking place under the aegis of the MAFLG through its Agriculture or Fisheries departments. This has created an enormous void in the information network. The situation prevails because there is no scientifically and technologically trained manpower coming forward to participate in this aspect of agriculture. It is this deficiency which makes agribusinesses, small farmers, food processing facilities and marketing entities so dependent on external sources because the national capacity in this area is either lacking or non-existent. It is the lack of this research capacity in particular which makes it necessary for the sector to adapt production figures, particularly crop and livestock yields/output from external sources. 13 Table 2: Needs Analysis Needs Organization Information Capacity Building EU Legislation - fisheries 1. Skilled technical staff in input requirements ICT 2. Manpower development DOF and training 3. Systems placement 4. More efficient use of computer Forecasting data and 1. Tourism is electronically information culture driven requiring manpower Music i.e. Junkanoo with knowledge and expertise in content MOT management for web platform, trouble-shooting and other needs. 2. Internal efficiency in the analysis of information. State of production in the field Manpower training and in the various Family Islands development in ICT: BPE Forecasting data a. Packing House level Commodity prices b. Produce Exchange, Potter’s Cay, Nassau. Industry standard (light Expertise in costing industry/manufacturing) cash flow analysis Handicraft trainers Production yields (crops and BAIC livestock crop varieties Establish reliable ICT system Livestock breeds / handicraft with training identification/standards Development of data bank on Imports/exports Storage Agricultural development data Establish a computerized Absence of national system of BAPA’s office with BAPA agricultural development plan trained agricultural economist Absence of Agricultural to undertake analytical work statistics on farmers, location, e.g. agribusiness development / type of production, acreages planning National statistics on a timely Manpower training in the use basis from public sector of ICT by staff and members. BCC agencies Upgrade of equipment. Full-time administration and webmaster 14 Needs Organization Information Capacity Building Obtaining timely information Financial Services – from affiliates i.e. Need to become more Producer/Supplier Coops in the sophisticated in electronic Family Islands payments and the conduct of electronic transactions. Staff BCL training in this aspect of ICT Information and data to Expertise in producer/supplier develop business/Strategic cooperative development Plan Government policy for Devising means of agribusiness development communicating with members NPLPCSL Lack resources to expand manpower thereby offer more services. Statistical data on production More computer training for yields i.e. various Family technical officers and staff. Islands farming localities Improve information gathering at the Family Islands. MAFLG State of the sector between Establishment of trade unit. census periods Trade and marketing Improve capability to put out information publications and newsletters, extension booklets, marking statistics. Timely data on Trade and Staff training in data collection MTI Gross Domestic Product and analysis for electronic BTC figures usage and compilation Staff training in trade issues. Training in ICT use for staff. 15 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Conclusions 58. In an archipelagic nation like The Bahamas, access to information is fundamental as it strives to remain competitive in the two most important sectors (tourism and financial services) of its economy and attempt to maintain a viable agricultural sector so as to sustain some Family Island communities. A serious constraint in information availability is the lack of capacity in key institutions both in the public sector and among the NGOs. The situation is more acute in the public sector as the private sector has the capacity to out- source work and projects for external analysis (unlike government departments and NGOs which are constrained by budgets). 59. In the DOA and DOF there is a lack of information to support decision making as many officers do not have access to the Internet, not only for external information, but also for information from the Family Islands. There is very little contact with other ACP countries as there is a tendency to look towards North America. In final analysis, it appears that ICT and ICM are not priority areas in order to enhance the performance and efficiency of these government departments. 4.1.1 Extent of Key Problems 60. Even though The Bahamas has an “e-government” program, the only ministry with a strategic plan which comprises ICM/ICT is the Ministry of Tourism, specifically in its Research and Development Department and its Electronic Marketing Services. The basis of the problem for other public sector entities interviewed was the lack of a strategic information plan. 61. With a strategic information plan, the following problematic areas would be identified: 1. Programs and policies that require information support; 2. Identification of information resources needed to implement programs; 3. Provides strategies “to capture” the required information; 4. A strategic plan needs to be put in place to achieve goals in a timely manner, in order to make the department more ICT ‘ready’. 62. Among the NGOs there is a clear recognition and appreciation for ICM/ICT, however resources, both financial and manpower, present limitations; this is particularly in the case of the BCC and BAPA. 63. The other aspect which is problematic to the NGOs specifically BCL and the corporative movement is the lack of knowledge of what is available to assist in generating information and what in the long term would improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their organizations. 16 64. Entities like the BCL and BCC lack a strategic information plan. 65. Generally, the following are some of the key problems: i. There is limited availability of national statistics on a timely basis. ii. Heavy dependence on externally published information, particularly from international agencies i.e. FAO, IICA. iii. The mechanisms to generate and analyze information from local sources in New Providence, Grand Bahama and the Family Islands are absent or not in use. iv. No electronic networking among members of association /cooperative meetings or as affiliates with the BCL. v. Extreme failure to take advantage of conventional media i.e. newspaper, radio and television to communicate information. vi. Lack of training in ICM systems and, in some cases, limited access to ICT. vii. Consistent with the objectives of the study, the key problems have hindered: • Access to information products and services; • Have identified the weaknesses of those organizations and their capacity to manage the information and utilize the various communication channels; • There is virtually no knowledge about the products and services, which are offered by the CTA. 90% of the institutions interviewed were unfamiliar with the CTA. DOA has some familiarity. 66. Based on the information in the data capture form, there is virtually no usage of CTA products or services. This stems from several factors, namely the decline in the importance of agriculture specifically farming for the economy of The Bahamas. For the DOF there is a market in the EU for Bahamian crawfish, however, the MOTI and the DOF had no knowledge of the CTA’s agri-trade link. With tourism and financial services dominating the Bahamian economy the orientation of The Bahamas is essentially towards the U.S.A., lessening the focus towards exploring the EU and other ACP markets. 4.1.2 Information Needs 67. The major information needs in the various institutions stemmed from the following which are listed in a broad framework in order to present a general assessment of the information needs. Indigenous data: • Inability to obtain data locally for planning and developmental work. As a result of this inability, institutions are unable to plan properly. • There needs to be more co-ordination of national statistics and access to that information. 17 Other data types: • As a result of globalization, trade information has become critical and the ability to retrieve trade data is highly relevant. • Lack of research and development focus has created a dependence on foreign data which has to be applied to, or modified for, local situations. 68. These scenarios exist because The Bahamas lacks a national planning division to co-ordinate developmental activities; this is why departments are not generating national data on a timely basis. With effective co-ordination (essentially a national planning division) these challenges (compiling indigenous and other data) are essentially short term concerns and can be rectified within two fiscal years. This observation is based on my years as a former public officer in the public service of The Bahamas. 69. Based on the consultant’s observations there seems to be a great appreciation of information and information technology by the NGOs in comparison to the public sector. This disparity is greatly influenced by the manner in which funds are allocated in the annual budget. Apart from the MOT, no provisions are being made to train personnel in ICT in order to generate the desired information from existing and new sources of data by the ministries and departments interviewed. In discussions with officials in the Department of Archives placing agricultural historical information and data on the Internet is not even being considered. Until there is a greater realization of the need for a national information service, information needs in the public Bahamas Electricity Corporation sector and in low priority ministries, such as Agriculture, will not receive the attention they deserve. 70. The MOT has evolved as a distinct entity from other Ministries, hence its approach to information gathering, collation, and analysis, is based on its role in the economy. There has to be an awareness of the need to generate indigenous data. The Manager of the Produce Exchange is handicapped by the inability to obtain inventory data on fruits and vegetables from the seven packing houses on the Family Islands. If there were greater sensitivity to this need a marketing network could be instituted to address this deficiency. The implications for the introduction of ICT to the marketing network would go a long way to improve incomes in the farming communities of the various family islands. 71. Priority needs: From the consultant’s perspective based on interviews and knowledge of the agricultural sector, the following are priorities: Information Needs: • The sector is being constrained by the lack of a research capacity hence the inability to obtain production information on crops, particularly varieties and yields. 18 • Marketing information has been a limiting factor, particularly in linking farm output to the tourism sector. • The inability to obtain national statistics on a timely basis. • Analysis of trade information, particularly food consumption patterns based on food imports. • Organizations such as BAPA and BCC are hampered in their planning by the inability to obtain some national information causing them to look to input suppliers and fellow organizations in the region for relevant information. 72. Budgetary allocation in the public sector will determine the time frame in which these issues will be addressed. Some immediate provision could be made for equipment. Manpower training, dependency on the type and level of training, would be undertaken on a short term basis (short courses) or long periods requiring 12 to 24 months depending on the expertise being developed. 4.1.3 Capacity Building Needs 73. There is a general recognition among the institutions interviewed that there was a need for capacity building. The primary reasons were as follows: Human Resources: • Lack of skilled technical manpower in ICT; • At the Ministry and Departmental levels there needs to be more attention given to manpower development in ICM/ICT; • Additional staffing was required for specialized ICT areas i.e. webmaster; • Lack of staff needed to analyze data; • Institutions do not recognize the range of skills necessary to run successfully an information and communications program; • Limited skills/lack of expertise in information resource management; • When information is available, lack of manpower to put information in usable form – booklets, pamphlets. Equipment: • In some institutions there was a lack of equipment and, in some cases, where there was equipment (computer, Internet access) there was a minimal knowledge in the use of the equipment. Management and Development of ICT Resources: • Lack of training in ICM leads to the poor utilization of ICT; • Some institutions are not “ICT” ready and are therefore unable to access information; • Marginal understanding of the resources needed to develop and carry on information system; 19 • Among the NGOs funding for training in ICM and ICT is a major limitation even though on most family islands there is access there is access to ICT via Cable Bahamas or BTC Bahamas. Data Analysis and Generation: • Many institutions knew the type of information which is needed to perform its duties but were unable to access it; • Instances where institutions would generate the data but could not analyze it or put in a format which could assist in planning. 4.1.4 Potential Partners and Beneficiaries: 74. The Bahamas Cooperative League (BCL) is an apex organization with affiliates throughout The Bahamas. Its affiliates comprise credit unions and cooperatives. 75. With reference to cooperatives, they embody producer/supplier cooperatives and cooperatives which are orientated to youth. These youth cooperatives are aligned with various schools in the urban areas of Nassau and Freeport as well as in the Family Islands under the aegis of a cooperative or credit union. 76. The Producer/Supplier Cooperatives of which New Providence Livestock Producer’s Cooperative Society Limited is the most successful (income wise) is an affiliate of the BCL. 77. Because of its national reach, BCL through credit unions and cooperatives reach women, the young, small farmers, agribusiness as its beneficiaries. 78. BCL is a highly structured entity with 9 fulltime staff members and an annual budget of slight in excess of 1 million euros. 79. BCL also undertakes advocacy work for the producer/supplier cooperatives and has had an outstanding working relationship with IICA in studies to strengthen the producer/supplier cooperatives. The tomato bottling project geared to improve tomato processing for the small farmer in the farming communities of the southeastern Bahamas – the poorest region of The Bahamas is an example. 80. BAPA is a newly formed national umbrella association of agribusinesses and small farmers. In addition to the over 1,200 odd registered farmers, BAPA, as a non-profit entity, has three types of members – ordinary, allied and associate. This configuration enables it to attract a broad spectrum of individuals, groups and entities to its membership. 81. BAIC, as a statutory body, has a national thrust. Its offices in Freeport, Grand Bahama, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Hatchet Bay, Eleuthera, Nichol’s Town, and North Andros places it in direct contact with Family Island residents, particularly small farmers, women and youth. BAIC’s agricultural 20 section has organized a number of institutions on a national and island levels to benefit small farmer and their communities. 82. With reference to structural stability the BCL offers the best choice when compared to BAIC, which has been known to be politically influenced operationally. BAPA has not gained full acceptance by the agri-business and small farmer community due to its newly formed status. However, the BCL has been around for almost three decades and has gained an outstanding reputation for its advocacy of the cooperative movement. 83. The background for the above mentioned points are based on the CTA’s criteria as outlined in the 2005 program of activities. The evaluation of the individual organizations is centered on this criteria. 4.2 Recommendations 84. The Bahamas is a group of islands where the agriculture sector represents only 3% of GDP 4.24 billion Euros. Further, recent statistics show where there has been a decline in farming operations. In 1994 there were 1727 holders, today there are only 1242 – a decline of almost 500 since the last census. On the other hand, the fisheries sector is expanding. 85. Even though the agricultural sector of The Bahamas has not been integrated into the activities of the region and has lagged behind in a number of areas, it is within this framework that the following recommendations are being made: 4.2.1 Information Needs 86. The Bahamas needs a strategic information plan for the agricultural sector. This will address some of the information and capacity building needs, particularly: • Manpower development and training; • Equipment selection, upgrade and utilization; • Information generation; usage and dissemination. 87. In view of the fact that there is an e-government policy, a plan to implement a strategic information program would enhance this initiative. 88. A prime institution to commence this program is the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government, which has under its aegis the Departments of Agriculture, Fisheries, Local Government and Cooperative Development, and units like The Bahamas Produce Exchange and Packing Houses as well as Research. 89. One of the challenges facing the BCL is that of obtaining reliable and timely information and data from its affiliates; some of whom are in the Family Islands. Though most of them have access to ICT; there is very little application. This has been a constraint to the development of producer / supplier cooperatives. 21 90. In this regard, a national electronic network should be established with all of the producer/supplier cooperatives using the BCL as a coordinator. 91. A network would bring some cohesiveness to this grouping and being a technological medium, could attract the youth in the Family Islands thereby having the distinct possibility of attracting a new cadre of farmers or agribusiness persons to a sector which is endangered. This will also facilitate a regional connection to the CAIS. 92. In view of the fact that the CTA’s services are not well known in The Bahamas, it would be appropriate to introduce a pilot project to improve access to agricultural information. The CAIS could spearhead a Question and Answer Service (QAS). This is badly needed when one of the most requested information need is access to production data, particularly yields. This question and answer service (QAS) could be handled by the MAFLG or BAIC. 93. The Produce Exchange and Packing House system plays an important role in the Family Islands as the system enables small farmers, many of whom are women, to receive an income from farming on-island. The manager of the Produce Exchange is often faced with difficulties in finding commodity prices for a range of produce grown under the traditional cut and burn system of agriculture. The present source of information is the FDA commodity prices. 94. The Produce Exchange and Packing Houses should be linked to the Caribbean Marketing Intelligence Network (CAMID). This would also benefit the members of BAPA and NPLPCSL as well as BAIC. 95. The Bahamas is not a member of CARDI and is therefore not a beneficiary of the work which takes place in CARDI. However, the limited applied research which takes place in The Bahamas and the need by technical officers for information and data on matters such as crop varieties and animal breeds, indicate that there is a role for PROCARIBE. 96. Mutton producers in The Bahamas could immediately benefit from the existing CASRUNET (Small ruminants network), and CARI Fruit (fruit network). The Produce Exchange would also benefit from CAPHNET (post harvest technology network) 4.2.2 Capacity Building Needs 97. Out of the Strategic Information Plan, the information resources needed would be identified. This will include the following: • Human resources; • Information technology and communication equipment; • Information systems; • Documents and reports; 22 • Communications and public relations functions; • Documentation centers and libraries registries. 98. Some immediate provision could be made for Internet access and associated equipment. Manpower training, dependency on the type and level of training, would be undertaken on a short term basis (short courses) or long periods requiring 12 to 24 months depending on the expertise being developed. 99. CTA programs such as those providing support to non-CTA training schemes for courses in Agricultural Information Management and agricultural communication for individuals in the MAFLC, DOA, DOF and the NGOs can address the capacity building needs of organizations like BAPA, BCC, and BCL. 100. The CTA offers a range of products and services for the ACP states. As a CARICOM state outside of the trade component this has placed the Bahamas in a special category causing it to have a limited involvement in many EU programs. This limitation has hindered The Bahamas’ involvement with the CTA, specifically in knowledge of its services and products. 4.2.3 Potential Partners and Beneficiaries 101. In reviewing the CTA criteria for partners the BCL through its credit union and cooperative programs and its strong working relationships with women, youth and the small farmer (producers/supplier’s cooperative). It is a recognized national organization with a national resource base to partner with the CTA, particularly on programs which will enhance the economic status of those who are members of rural or family island organization like the producer/supplier cooperative. Out of its headquarters’ in New Providence, the BCL has the capacity to conduct on-going programs. 102. On the other hand, BAPA is a fledgling association which shows definite promise, and BAIC’s role in the sector is still evolving. On June 1st 2005 the Business Development unit of BAIC was transferred to The Bahamas Development Bank indicating instability in philosophy and structure. 23 ANNEXES 24 ANNEX I. TERMS OF REFERENCE ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES Phase 2: Caribbean 1. Introduction The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lomé Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement. CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilize information in this area. CTA's programs are organized around three principal activities: providing an increasing range and quantity of information products and services and enhancing awareness of relevant information sources; supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intra-ACP); and developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant to science and technology. These activities take account of methodological developments in cross-cutting issues (gender, youth, information & communication technologies - ICTs, and social capital), findings from impact assessments and evaluations of ongoing programs as well as priority information themes for ACP agriculture1. In January 2002, CTA's Strategic Plan (2001-2005) was implemented and CTA's activities were distributed among three operational program areas/departments: Information Products and Services Communication Channels and Services Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems These operational departments are supported by Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) which is charged with the methodological underpinning of their work and monitoring thee ACP environment in order to identify emerging issues and trends and make proposals for their: translation into programs and activities. This current exercise, therefore, falls within the mandate of P&CS. 1 Priority information themes for ACP agriculture have formed the basis of various several studies, workshops and seminars bringing together various stakeholders, organizations and institutions active in the field of agriculture and rural development. The documents (or extracts thereof) will be provided to the consultants. 25 2. Background A comprehensive regional information needs assessment was undertaken in the Caribbean region, by CTA and the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARD!), over the period between 1995 and 1997. This study detailed the information needs, habits and priorities, of eleven sub-groups of users relevant to the agricultural and rural development sector, presented in sixteen national reports and a regional overview. The results of the studies were followed by a series of national consultations, missions and regional meetings, as well as pilot studies in information and communications management all aimed at arriving at or designing a strategy to meet information needs within the sector. The strategy proposed the development of a Caribbean Agricultural Information Service (CAIS) with a two pronged approach to improving access to information within the Caribbean region: Working with institutions at the national level to improve capacity in various aspects of information and communication management (e.g. network development, training, sensitization). Developing information products and services to meet specific information needs identified. The CAIS strategy has been implemented since 2001. A number of capacity building exercises were executed including workshops and training courses; provision of technical assistance; network development, policies and systems. Since the implementation of this strategy in 2001, there have also been a number of changes within institutions in the region with respect to their awareness and use of information and communications tools and technologies. 3. Main issues CTA works primarily through intermediary organizations and partners (non- governmental organizations, farmers' organizations, regional organizations, etc.) to promote agriculture and rural development. Through partnerships, CTA hopes to increase the number of ACP organizations capable of generating and managing information and developing their own information and communication management strategies. The identification of appropriate partners is therefore of primordial importance. The "Evaluation of the Implementation of the Mid-Term Plan (1997 -2000)" emphasized the need for CTA to develop a more pro-active approach and elaborate criteria for decision-making with regard to the choice of partner organizations and beneficiaries. Based on this evaluation, the "Strategic Plan and Framework for Action -2001 -2005" identifies strategic issues for CTA being: improved targeting (including partnerships and beneficiaries), geographical coverage, decentralization, regionalization and thematic orientation. The Plan also expresses concern about the extent to which CTA's activities are relevant to and reach the poor, gender awareness and how to identify potential partners especially in the independent sectors. Besides partner identification and selection issues, the observation has also been made that, the Caribbean region could benefit further from CT A's program and activities. Finally, various national and regional partners with whom CT A has had a long- standing relationship have requested the current study which would serve to update 26 the earlier studies done and allow them to provide more targeted assistance to their beneficiaries. 4. Objectives and scope of the study The objectives of the study are as follows: To identify agricultural information needs of key actors / beneficiaries for CTA products and services; To identify needs of potential actors / beneficiaries of CTA activities and services in terms of building capacity for information and communication management; To identify potential partners / beneficiaries for CTA activities and services; To develop some baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities. The study should assist the three operational departments of the CTA as well as its local representatives to improve and better target interventions and activities aimed at potential partners and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and civil society organizations); to have a more informed picture of their needs and aid in the elaboration of a strategy and framework of action. The study should also highlight where there are specific needs for CTA's products and services thereby enabling improvement in the delivery of the same. 5. Methodology: The consultant will use a combination of qualitative and quantitative rapid appraisal methods including: The desk review of available literature and information sources including the findings of program evaluations; The conduct of face-to-face interviews with relevant stakeholders/concerned parties; The limited use of questionnaires. The rapid appraisal approach will allow a general overview of the key issues and company / organizational profiles on a per country2 basis and may give rise to more in-depth studies as and when needed in the future. 6. Expected outcomes / output One main report per country not exceeding 20 pages according to the following table of contents: Main report 1. Executive summary 2 Out of 16 countries comprising the Caribbean ACP, only selected number will ini1ially be the subjects of studies, with domestic consultants conducting country-specific assessments. Country selection will be done by CTA on the basis of specific criteria. 27 2. Introduction 3. Country profile -summary structure and economic characteristics with particular attention to agricultural sector (includes fisheries and forestry): Summary of how agriculture, fisheries and forestry is organized in the country Summary of the information and communication management capacity The current source of agricultural information and services (synthesize Annex 3) 4. Needs analysis Information needs Capacity building needs (skills, training, media, ICT, equipment) 5. Conclusions and recommendations 6. References Annexes 1. Terms of reference 2. Country profile 2.1 General agricultural profile (from available documentation) Size of agricultural population (male / female / youth) Farmed land, forests, fishing areas Agricultural systems Agriculture in the economy (percentage GDP) Main agricultural produce and secondary products Main export markets Trade agreements that include agriculture Sectoral policy related to agriculture, fisheries and forests . 2.2 Scio-economic profile (from available documentation) Total active population, demographic breakdown Literacy level and languages Access to services (health, schools, electricity) .Rural urban drift 2.3 Media and telecommunications (update / check) Newspapers, periodicals, magazines, radio stations, television channels, Telecommunication services (fixed, mobile, etc.) Computers and Internet access 3. Profile of institutions List of all institutions involved in agriculture and rural development activities, including private sector and civil society organizations, with name, contact details, type and role of institution Select list of key institutions involved in agriculture and rural development, with extensive data and information on the institution, the problems faced and why it is considered a key actor. It is also expected that the results of this study will lead to identification / update of some priority agricultural information themes which will feed into a possible priority- setting exercise in the region in 2004. 28 6. Reporting The country reports will not exceed 20 pages (excluding annexes). The annexes should include a list of acronyms, of persons/institutions interviewed with addresses, phone, fax umbers, e-mail addresses (if any) as well as bibliography. 7. Timing Draft final report is to be submitted within three months after contract signature by CTA Final report due two weeks after receipt of comments from CTA. 8. Expertise needed The expert should have a university degree or equivalent by experience. In addition, he/she should have at least 10 years experience in field of agriculture, rural development or social/ economic sciences. He/she must have in-depth knowledge of the agricultural sector in his/her country and be able to identify key players and institutions / organizations active in this area. The ability to communicate and write clearly in English is essential, while knowledge of at least one of the local languages for communication interview purposes is an added advantage. The overall coordination will be carried out by Ms Christine Webster, Deputy Head, Planning and Corporate Services CTA, assisted by Mrs. Lola Visser-Mabogunje, Project Assistant. 9. Implementation schedule (CTA) Preparation/Finalization of ToR; Identification/ short-listing of (potential) consultants; Call for offers: January -February 2005; Selection of consultants & contractual arrangements: January -February 2005 Briefing: February 2005 Start date of contract: 15 February 2005 Implementation period 15 February -30 June 2005 End date of contract: 30 June 2005 10. Key documents to be made available to consultants Documents include: Cotonou Framework Agreement Excerpts of relevant sections of CTA's Strategic Plan and Plan of Action (2001-2005) Annual Reports Documents on priority information themes identified for the Caribbean region Documents on products & services provided by CTA Information Needs Relevant Country and Regional Reports 1997 CAIS Stakeholders Meeting Reports 11. Role of Regional Coordinator 29 Respect the timeframe as specified in Annex IV (regarding submission of reports) Help identify and vet country consultants Attend briefing meeting in Trinidad Review the terms of reference Finalize questionnaires and methodological approach after due consultation with CTA team Draw up briefing notes and guidelines for local consultants to ensure accurate and consistent application of the agreed methodology in data collection Answer queries (technical & otherwise) of local consultants During the studies, monitor and provide technical assistance to the local consultants Review preliminary country reports and findings and send comments back to local consultants Coordinate and ensure consistency of country reports Prepare the overall report taking into account the findings and recommendations of all the Caribbean country reports (table of contents to be agreed) 12. Role of Local Consultants Respect the timeframe as specified in Annex IV (regarding submission of reports) Attend briefing meeting in Trinidad Familiarize themselves with background documents received from CTA; including the Terms of Reference Undertake desk study and prepare country profile, list of institutions involved in agriculture as well as preliminary list of select institutions Undertake field visits in country specified in the contract Conduct interviews and gather information in country specified in the contract Draft preliminary country reports and send to regional Coordinator for initial comments Based on comments received from Coordinator, revise country reports and send draft final report to CTA within the specified timeframe Finalize country reports based on comments and observations received from CTA and send final report back to CTA 13. Role of CARDI Assist in the identification and vetting of Local Consultants Provide input and feedback for the Terms of Reference Make all the logistical arrangements (flights, hotel, venue of meeting, etc.) for the briefing session Participate in the pre/briefing sessions (in Trinidad) Provide backstopping for the Regional Coordinator Liaise with CARDI and Regional Coordinator throughout the study On receipt of the draft and final reports, give comments and observations to the Regional Coordinator with copy directly to CTA 30 14. Role of CTA Draw up initial Terms of Reference and prepare relevant background documents Appoint the Regional Coordinator and the ACP Local Consultants Attend briefing meeting of consultants in Trinidad Liaise with CARDI and Regional Coordinator through out the study Invite the Regional Coordinator and Local Consultants for Briefing Meetings Provide input to the Regional Coordinator with regard to fine-tuning terms of reference, questionnaires, interview guide and reporting guidelines for the consultants Provide relevant background documents to the Local Consultants & Regional Coordinator Elaborate budget and discuss contractual obligations with the Team of consultants and Regional Coordinator Pay invoices for services rendered in a timely manner on condition that all payment conditions are fulfilled Overall responsibility for the supervision and implementation of the studies Bear the agreed costs of expenditure in respect of the study (economy class return tickets to Trinidad, hotel accommodation and subsistence allowances during briefing meeting, or during agreed and specified field visits) Provide feedback and comments on draft country reports to the Local Consultants Give feedback to the Regional Coordinator on the overall report for the Caribbean _____________________ 31 ANNEX II. COUNTRY PROFILE The Bahamas Source: CountryReports.org II.1 General Agricultural Profile At the end of World War II, The Bahamas embarked on an economic development strategy to transform its economy from one based on agriculture to services in tourism and off-shore banking. In 2004, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of The Bahamas was pegged between 4.09 billion Euro to 4.24 billion Euro. Tourism has evolved from a seasonal activity attracting 32,018 visitors in 1949 to a year-round business of 5 million visitors in 2004, representing 40% of the GDP and generating 1.35 billion Euro in 2003 (Central Bank). Off-shore banking has been developed into a Financial Services Sector which accounts for 15% of the GDP. The economic impact of tourism and financial services on the economy has made The Bahamas an urban society. This is reflected in the fact that two urban centers – Nassau on New Providence and Freeport on Grand Bahama – accounts for 85.1% of the population of The Bahamas. Tourism and financial services have been sustainable economic activities thereby enabling the Bahamian economy to perform in an outstanding fashion throughout the second half of the 20th century. The agricultural sector, on the other hand, has remained relatively small and this is reflected in the stagnant production figures over the past three decades. (See Graph: Agribusiness and Small Farmer Output) 32 Table 3 (Graph 1): Agribusiness and Small Farmer Output National Output: Agribusiness and Small Farmers 53.97 46.26 38.55 30.84 Millions 23.13 (Euros) 15.42 7.71 0.00 1980 1982 1984 1986 19881990199219941996199820002002 Year Source: Planning Unit, Department of Agriculture, 2004 This has resulted in The Bahamas becoming a food importing country (almost 90% of its food requirements) which has been estimated to be between 192.85 million Euros to 231.42 million Euros in 2004, coming from the United States. With an expanding tourism sector, the trend is likely to increase. Despite being a food deficit country, The Bahamas does not have a food security problem. Earnings generated from tourism more than adequately pays the State’s food bill. The sector contributed only 10% of crop products, 20% of animal products consumed in the country and about 6% of value of domestic exports, largely in permanent crops, such as citrus. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government handles agricultural sectoral policies and programs through the following departments: a) Department of Agriculture: crop and livestock production and marketing b) Department of Fisheries: fisheries and marine products c) Department of Local Government: responsible for the administrative districts on the Family Islands d) Department of Cooperative Development: responsible for cooperatives and credit union regulations. The sector’s 2003/2004 budget was 10.55 million Euros, (Ministry 3.70 million Euros, DOA 5.25 million Euros DOF 2.16 million Euros). The Department of Agriculture operates, at cost 3.09 million Euros a year, a Produce Exchange with its network of Packing Houses which handles the marketing of produce from small farmers in the Family Islands. This direct purchasing in the 33 Family Islands through this government-subsidized system generates a substantial income for farm families in these Family Island communities. The Ministry is also responsible for a Fish and Farm Supply Store which is located at Potter’s Cay in Nassau. This store sells inputs at subsidized prices to the farming and fishing communities. A program is also in place to enable farmers and fishermen to purchase inputs on credit. For those who do not utilize the Fish and Farm Supply Store, farm and fishing inputs are exempt from duty either through legislation or on application to the Ministry. Farmers, fishermen and cooperatives are eligible for duty free exemptions. The Ministry also operates in New Providence an abattoir and feed mill. It is recognized that the agricultural sector has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the national economy and enhance the quality of life in the Family Island communities; however, it is necessary for the sector to increase its competitiveness by seeking to become internationally competitive. This will force the Sector to improve its production output thereby achieving higher standards of efficiency. Agribusinesses and small farmers, in most instances, are surviving financially; however the small farmer is an endangered species as this grouping is aging without youthful replacements who have migrated, particularly, from the southeastern Bahamas to Nassau and Freeport. Fisheries, on the other hand, is vibrant and expanding. II.1.1 Size of Agricultural Population There have been two censuses of agriculture, one in 1978 and the other in 1994. Ten years have lapsed since the last census. With the life expectancy for males in The Bahamas, based on the years 1989-1991, being 68.3 years and females at 75.3 years, it can be estimated that there are about 500 farmers less than in 1994. Based on the 1994 census, about 30% of the farmers in The Bahamas are female. Table 4: Farm Population Grouping 1978, 1994, and 2005 Category 1978 1994 2005 No. of Farmers 4,214 1,727 1,242 No. Farm Workers 5,503 3,618 ------- No. Family members who work on farm NA 1,578 ------- Total 9,717 6,933 ------- Source: FAO Policy Report and Agricultural Censuses, 2005. 34 Table 5: Number of Holders by Island These figures were compiled from the 2005 Department of Agriculture’s Registered Farmers/Agribusiness list based on applications for duty free exemption. Island Total Total 1994 2005 ALL BAHAMAS 1,727 1,242 NEW PROVIDENCE 269 184 GRAND BAHAMA 25 20 ABACO 58 64 ACKLINS 42 4 ANDROS 205 189 CAT ISLAND 224 245 ELEUTHERA 316 271 EXUMA 239 71 LONG ISLAND 224 182 SAN SALVADOR 46 2 MAYAGUANA 44 7 INAGUA ----- 1 BAHAMAS 35 N/A Source: 1994 Census of Agriculture and 2005 Registered Farmers Listing 35 Table 6: Farm Population by Age Group and Gender Total Age Total Male Female All Ages 6,933 3,504 3,429 Under 10 years 1,040 528 512 10 to 14 years 736 384 352 15 to 24 years 1,343 727 616 25 to 34 years 823 419 404 35 to 44 years 503 240 263 45 to 54 years 663 276 387 55 to 64 years 796 375 421 65 to 74 years 663 354 309 75 or more 366 201 165 Source: 1994 Agricultural Census 36 Table 7: Number of Farmers by Age, Years in Farming and Gender Years In Farming By Gender Holders by Age Total Total Less than 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 or more years Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female All Ages 1,727 1,192 535 113 48 113 34 108 28 858 425 < 15 yrs - - - - - - - - - - - 15 to <25 yrs 13 11 2 7 1 1 1 1 - 2 - 25 to <35 yrs 90 64 26 20 14 28 4 8 3 8 5 35 to <45 yrs 180 137 43 36 9 39 7 19 6 43 21 45 to <55 yrs 318 208 110 23 18 22 12 35 7 128 73 55 to <65 yrs 463 309 154 14 3 11 5 25 6 259 140 65 to <75 yrs 431 305 126 11 2 8 3 16 6 270 115 >= 75 yrs 232 158 74 2 1 4 2 4 - 148 71 Source: 1994 Census Based on the numbers of individuals engaged in farming (6,933) and fishing (12,304), the agricultural population is estimated to be 19,237. Because of aging among farmers, a more conservative estimate would put the figure somewhere between 18,000 to 19,000 individuals engaged in farming. II.1.2 Farmed Land, Forest and, Fishing Areas II.1.2.1 Farmed Land The Bahamas comprises a land area of 5,372 sq. miles or 13,913.48 sq. km. These figures were compiled as a result of two consensus of Agriculture; these censuses were done by the Statistics Unit of the Department of Agriculture in conjunction with the Department of Statistics and technical assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In comparing the census figures for 1978 and 1994, a decline in the area occupied by farm holdings is projected as there were 89,565 acres in 1978 to 50,250 acres in 1994. It has been reported that this decrease in acreage stems from the fact that areas of pine and coppice lands which were excluded from 1994 census were included in the area of farm holdings in 1978. The 1994 Census of Agriculture shows that the 13,621 acres or 27.11% of arable land was under cultivation. Over the period 1978 to 1994 temporary crop production declined from 10,000 acres in 1978 to 3,443 acres in 1994. The acreage of permanent 37 crop production increased from 4,861 acres in 1978 to 9,684 acres in 1994. Approximately 44% of farm holdings were less than 3 acres with about 35% between 3 to 10 acres. Only 6% of holdings were larger than 50 acres. Table 8: Acreage under Production 1978 and 1994 Land Use 1978 1994 Area Under Area as %age of Area Under Area as % of Production Arable land (%) Production Arable Land (%) (acres) (Acres) Total area under 14,971 16.72% 13,621 27.11% Production Permanent Crop 4,861.00 5.43% 9,684.08 19.27% Temporary Crop 10,110.00 11.29% 3,443.26 6.85% Mixed _______ ______ 493.66 0.98% Total Arable 89,565.00 ______ 50,250.00 ______ Land Source: Dept of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture 1978 and 1994 and FAO Review on Agricultural Policies and Legislation II.1.2.2 Forests In the early 1950s The Bahamas had a thriving lumber industry in the Pine Islands of Abaco, Grand Bahama and North Andros. In recent years, however, the industry has been non-existent. The pine in some of these areas is harvested for fence posts or burnt for charcoal. Forestry experts have advised that The Bahamas needs a comprehensive policy to enable it to manage effectively its forest resources, which have been assessed at about 500,000 acres or 2,023.44 sq. km. to generate income, while ensuring long-term sustainability. With little commercial utilization of the forest, there is the tendency to regard these areas as “wasteland.” There is a minimal forestry unit in The Department of Lands and Surveys, which has administrative responsibilities for forestry. Generally, there are three categories of forest on Crown Lands – forest reserves, protected forests and conservation forests. In the southeastern Bahamas on the islands of Acklins, Crooked Island and Cat Island, Cascarilla (Croton Eleuthera) grows in the wild on these drier islands. The Cascarilla bark is harvested from the wild (through labor intensive methods), dried and exported for use in the process of manufacturing of “Campari”. Other potential usages are i.e. oil as an ingredient in the international cosmetic industry and in “natural” medications. II.1.2.3 Fisheries The Bahamas encompasses area of 13,935 sq. km. with a shallow water area of 116,550 sq. km. Fisheries play a noteworthy role in the economy of The Bahamas as its contribution to the GDP in 2003 was 1.9%. This resulted from vessel owners and 38 operators who comprise a fishing fleet of 4,000 vessels generating US$92.7 million. (See Table: Total Fishery Product Landings) Fisheries Fisheries is an expanding industry in The Bahamas as its employment has increased from 9,300 in 1995 to 12,304 in 2004. A. EMPLOYMENT (1995 Fisheries Census): 9,300 B. ESTIMATED EMPLOYMENT (1999): 11,732 (1) Primary Sector: (a) Full Time: 8,976 (b) Part Time: 2,756 (2) Secondary (a) Full Time: 472 Sector: (b) Part Time: 100 ESTIMATED TOTAL: 12,304 Source: Data Collection, Fisheries Department 39 Table 9: Total Fishery Product Landings: 1997 - 2003 YEAR 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 PRODUCT LBS. VALUE (B$) LBS. VALUE (B$) LBS. VALUE (B$) LBS. VALUE (B$) LBS. VALUE (B$) LBS. VALUE (B$) LBS. VALUE (B$) Crawfish 5,674,127 58,669,158 5,478,508 53,364,247 6,026,508 62,592,798 6,622,733 70,518,489 Tails 5,172,831 56,119,063 7,356,885 92,231,566 7,625,120 80,591,058 Crawfish 167,069 677,626 215,144 776,233 51,327 221,908 24,550 102,096 Whole 6,044 37,317 500 4,000 2,774 9,659 Crawfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heads 1,883 942 349 175 189 19 Conch 1,428,745 2,942,065 1,477,374 3,651,628 1,040,307 2,619,768 1,469,783 4,412,067 (fresh) 1,468,196 4,382,838 1,152,951 3,031,766 1,365,844 4,071,187 Stone 92,801 658,967 85,126 609,001 109,599 680,894 101,351 810,278 Crab 104,085 695,284 109,988 797,214 108,488 846,377 Green 5,328 5,923 5,072 6,571 2,513 4,336 2,855 5,220 Turtle 2,329 3,675 750 1,125 0 0 Loghd. 1,690 2,557 2,052 3,693 744 1,454 1,575 2,807 Turtle 1,257 2,841 3,267 11,566 3,065 7,870 Nassau 1,132,264 2,477,255 1,125,817 2,674,401 841,044 1,999,204 497,810 1,337,053 Grouper 619,695 1,859,998 884,324 2,463,211 930,087 2,760,716 Other 167,512 365,099 228,235 460,581 228,034 426,670 145,598 320,945 Grouper 211,187 469,196 213,102 496,448 242,066 514,665 Grouper 149,087 438,563 108,803 327,422 79,534 259,594 58,565 207,666 (fillet) 70,395 266,052 58,464 211,848 78,047 262,840 Snappers 1,655,756 2,303,289 1,721,359 2,363,558 1,908,443 2,388,552 1,590,535 2,412,411 1,712,927 2,735,707 1,759,622 2,783,585 1,544,031 2,823,444 Jacks 227,626 220,602 202,411 216,381 175,058 184,849 178,423 258,352 222,118 304,461 189,086 243,357 201,793 279,903 Grunts 148,396 121,516 198,232 155,601 144,441 104,916 135,933 119,328 146,713 144,976 110,434 110,483 159,263 164,257 Sharks 6,013 14,252 4,312 10,248 3,202 7,223 389 794 179 123 0 0 620 930 Others 581,004 644,148 343,214 415,479 307,156 337,802 242,474 341,705 292,732 415,852 218,254 304,057 263,096 401,505 TOTAL 11,437,418 69,541,020 11,195,659 65,035,044 10,917,910 71,829,968 11,072,574 80,849,211 10,032,571 67,438,325 12,057,976 102,690,401 12,524,483 92,734,430 Source: Department of Fisheries, 2004 40 Table 10a-10b (Graph 2) BAHAMAS TOTAL RECORDED PRODUCT LANDINGS BY WEIGHT (LBS) AND VALUE ($B): 1980 - 2003 YEAR 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 WEIGHT 4,482,555 4,434,914 6,233,151 6,746,798 6,369,922 8,384,046 7,360,986 8,520,038 8,135,674 8,300,153 7,732,314 8,902,304 VALUE 9,235,355 7,824,848 15,513,027 16,379,470 19,295,788 29,427,916 21,987,708 36,057,153 33,300,009 37,081,235 37,826,780 56,367,785 YEAR 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 WEIGHT 9,450,270 10,232,377 9,866,781 9,506,524 10,147,623 11,437,418 11,195,659 10,917,910 11,072,574 10,032,572 12,057,974 12,524,483 VALUE 59,355,741 52,113,214 64,485,371 66,438,419 61,392,363 69,541,020 65,035,044 71,829,968 80,849,211 67,438,323 102,690,401 92,734,430 TOTAL RECORDED LANDINGS BY WEIGHT (LBS.) AND VALUE (B$): 1980 - 2003 14000000 120000000 12000000 100000000 10000000 80000000 8000000 60000000 6000000 40000000 4000000 2000000 20000000 0 0 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 WEIGHT VALUE (Source: Department of Fisheries ) Fisheries exports in 2003 were valued at US$108.8 million of which crawfish tails accounted for US$106.2 million. (See Table: Total Fishery Product and Resource Exports: 1998-2003) 41 Weight (LBS.) Value (B$) Table 11a -Table 11b (Graph 3) BAHAMAS TOTAL VALUE OF EXPORTS ($B): 1980 - 2003 YEAR 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 VALUE 11,812,414 9,612,457 12,837,865 13,887,706 17,088,498 19,388,779 22,311,806 25,901,832 28,770,966 30,435,578 32,544,766 50,520,279 YEAR 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 VALUE 53,247,410 48,895,786 63,196,465 59,520,384 57,704,877 62,207,836 61,273,217 75,262,696 88,605,210 72,264,177 99,481,146 108,788,202 TOTAL VALUE OF EXPORTS:1980 - 2003 120000000 100000000 80000000 60000000 40000000 20000000 0 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 YEARS (Source: Department of Fisheries ) Table 12a – Table 12b (Graph 4) BAHAMAS RECORDED LANDINGS OF CRAWFISH: 1982 - 2003 YEAR 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 WEIGHT (L 1,783,357 1,910,022 2,538,842 4,073,394 2,630,315 3,373,613 3,749,787 4,550,079 4,266,456 5,566,299 5,993,369 5,772,192 5,575,720 VALUE (B$) 10,757,311 10,528,695 14,472,595 23,469,158 15,811,796 28,651,957 26,241,857 31,124,202 32,321,028 51,012,645 54,115,036 45,285,248 57,263,712 YEAR 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 WEIGHT (L 5,575,720 5,723,055 6,071,532 5,674,127 5,693,652 6,026,508 6,622,733 4,923,890 7,356,885 7,625,120 VALUE (B$) 57,263,712 59,982,048 54,008,396 58,669,158 54,140,480 62,592,798 70,518,489 52,926,766 92,231,566 80,591,058 BAHAMAS RECORDED LANDINGS OF CRAWFISH: 1982 - 2003 9000000 100000000 8000000 90000000 7000000 80000000 6000000 70000000 60000000 5000000 50000000 4000000 40000000 3000000 30000000 2000000 20000000 1000000 10000000 0 0 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 YEAR WEIGHT (LBS) VALUE (B$) (Source: Department of Fisheries ) 42 $B Weight (LBS.) Value (B$) II.1.3 Agricultural Systems The Bahamian archipelago can be divided on the basis of vegetation and capability into two types of Islands – Pine and Coppice. The Pine Islands, namely Andros, Abaco and Grand Bahama, are located in the Northern Bahamas. These islands have large reserves of fresh water with thin layers of brown soil covering soft limestone rock. The rock has the potential to be broken down mechanically so that the thin layer of soil is mixed into the crushed rock creating a free-moving soil. This action increases the agricultural potential of the Pine Islands. Andros, Abaco and Grand Bahama combine for a total of 180, 000 acres of land that could be cultivated using mechanical agricultural technology. The Coppice Island, on the other hand, comprises the islands of the southeastern Bahamas. These islands are generally narrow, rugged, with hard rock and limited fresh waster reserves and lend themselves to labor intensiveness employing the slash and burn approach or the system of pothole farming. The Department of Agriculture launched a program to increase and diversify production in The Bahamas by targeting specific commodities for specific islands and regions. (See Table: Production Potential of Specific Crops for the Islands of The Bahamas). Table 13: Production Potential of Special Crops for the islands of The Bahamas Islands Characteristics Specific Enterprises North Bahama Pine Rainfall 40-60 inches Citrus, banana, avaocado, Islands: Available Ground Water vegetables, mangoes, root Grand Bahama, Abaco, Sub-tropical crops, forage crops and hay New Providence, and Soil high pH pigeon peas. North Andros Mechanical production possible Central Bahamas: South Rainfall 40 inches, Sesame (bennie) Andros, Eleuthera, Cat Limited Ground Water Papaya, Sugar apple Island Poor shipping Mangoes Non-mechanical production Coconut, Pineapple Low labour availability Southern Bahamas: Long Rainfall 30-40 inches Mango Island, Exuma, Crooked Limited Ground Water Pineapple, Tamarind, Island Poor shipping Melon Non-mechanical production Sugar apple, Carambola Southeastern Bahamas: Rainfall <30 inches Tamarind Acklins, Mayaguana, Sub-desert Aloe Vera Inagua Severely Limited Ground Water Poor shipping Non-mechanical production Source: S. Pinder “Agriculture Production in The Bahamas as Affected by Factors of Climate, Geology and Water Resources. (August 1996). 43 In the southeastern Bahamas, pot-hole farming is practiced. It is a system of farming which began with the Arawaks. The rocky nature of the Coppice Islands has forced the inhabitants of these islands to develop the production technology of ‘pot-hole farming’ for this type of topography3. Mechanized technology is utilized on the Pine Islands and this has enabled large scale fruit and vegetable production to take place. This has enabled The Bahamas to become an exporter of winter vegetables and citrus. Capital intensive farming is practiced principally on Grand Bahama and New Providence where livestock operations in poultry (broiler meat and table eggs) and pork are carried out. Extensive livestock production in the rearing of small ruminants (sheep and goats) is taken on “bush pastures” on the Coppice Islands of the southeastern Bahamas. There is a burgeoning nursery industry producing a range of ornamentals for the landscapers, homes and offices. These nurseries employ the latest technology utilized in ornamental horticulture. Nursery production is one of the fastest expanding sub-sectors in the agricultural sector of The Bahamas. II.1.4 Agriculture in the Economy Agriculture (farming, fishing and forestry) is a relatively small sector in the economy of The Bahamas accounting for only about 3% of GDP (4.09 to 4.24 billion Euros). Agribusiness / farming 1% and fisheries 1.9%. The GDP of 3% in terms of dollar value is the realm of 115 - 123 million Euros. According to the Central Bank of The Bahamas, if the costs of inputs are included, the total industry output is in the low 154.28 million Euros. There has been very little growth in the Agribusiness and Small Farmer sub-sector of the agricultural sector (See Graph: Section II.1) even though the Fisheries Sub-sector has grown and expanded. In 1995, contribution to the GDP for the agricultural sector was 4%. II.1.5 Main Agricultural Produce and Secondary Products In 2003, the Government of The Bahamas through the Produce Exchange and the Packing House Network of seven outlets spent 3.32 million Euros to purchase 4.31 million kilos of various crops, principally from small farmers in the Family Islands. The Produce Exchange, as the distribution point, is located in Nassau, while Packing Houses have been sited on Eleuthera (3), Long Island, Cat Island, Exuma and North Andros. 3 The topography of the Coppice Islands has small pockets of fertile soil in the rocky superstructure in which vegetable seeds and fruit trees are planted. 44 The state-sponsored marketing system handled some 69 different types of produce of which the main ones were as follows: Table 14: Main Agricultural Produce (2003) Produce Value (B$) Quantity Banana 401,793.00 523,467 (kilos) Cabbage 133,339.38 251,633 (kilos) Corn 130,551.00 118,436 (kilos) Persian Lime 209,644.00 17,216 (case) Onion 235,941.15 370,776 (kilos) Pineapple 533,644.52 302,878 (kilos) Hot Pepper 95,151.00 20,706 (kilos) Sweet Pepper 252,878.88 238,624 (kilos) Tomato 1,051,220.85 785,735 (kilos) Watermelon 243,101.25 441,083(kilos) Source: Statistics Unit, Department of Agriculture Secondary products are items like bottled tomatoes, canned tomato paste, canned pigeon peas, exotic fruits (sapodilla, hog plums, guinep), bottled hot pepper sauce, seasonal commodities like land crabs and native mutton, coconuts, sweet potatoes, and green pigeon peas. II.1.6 Main Export Markets The fisheries Sub-Sector is the main exporter as it exports crawfish to the United States and the European Union, which are the main export markets. The U.S. is the main export market for Bahamian citrus. The U.S.A. is The Bahamas’ chief trading partner, as The Bahamas is heavily dependent on trade, especially imports since the economy is service based as a result of the dominant sectors of tourism and financial services. 45 Table 15: All Bahamas Exports 2003 ALL BAHAMAS EXPORTS 2003 Type Unit Boxes Weight/ Avg. Value % Market (lbs.) short tons Price $ of Value Grapefruit Red 42.5 470304 9993.96 12.70 5971613 40.90% US Grapefruit 42.5 419616 8916.84 9.67 4059639 27.80% US White Lemon 45 150714 3391.07 20.87 3144771 21.54% US Orange 45 127404 2866.59 8.00 1019232 6.98% US Mango 50 1 0.03 20.00 20 0.00% US Avocado 40 17011 340.22 22.51 382970 2.62% US Pumpkin 50 864 bg 21.60 10.00 8640 0.06% US . Cigars 1.5 100 0.17 150.00 15000 0.10% ___ Total 1,186,014 25530.47 $14,601,885 100% Cascarilla 20.12 264,357 Ita Craw Fish 7,461,23 106,272,530 USA/E 4 (lbs) Sponge 121,400 943,001 US (lbs) Fisheries 1,576,671 US (other) Source: Statistical Unit, Department of Agriculture 46 II.1.7 Trade Agreements that Include Agriculture With reference to international trade agreements, The Bahamas has some unique features. It is this perspective which steered the government in 2002 to establish The Bahamas Trade Commission (BTC) as the trade component of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Prior to this arrangement, trade matters fell under the ambit of the Ministry of Finance. The role of the BTC is to facilitate more public sector/private sector discussion and consensus on trade issues, to act as a conduit for the two-way flow of information between the BTC and the general public, to monitor the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) process and to act in a liaison capacity with Caribbean Regional Negotiation Machinery (CRNM). Through the BTC, trade issues have taken on a new sense of urgency in The Bahamas. Presently The Bahamas is the only CARICOM state without membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Steps, however, have been taken to seek membership. With reference to CARICOM, The Bahamas is not a signatory to the Trade Protocol and, at the moment, is not a participant in the Caribbean Single Market and Economy. An educational program is being conducted in The Bahamas for the purpose of enlightening Bahamians on the benefits of CSME participation. The concerns being expressed by Bahamians relative to the CSME are the free movement of people, a single currency and the Caribbean Court of Appeal. In terms of the FTAA process, The Bahamas is a partner in the CRNM alignment and supports the CRNM in its negotiations. The Bahamas was a signatory to the Lomé Convention and continues with Cotonou Agreement, hence making it a member of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group. The accession to the WTO by The Bahamas will have profound implications for agriculture in The Bahamas. In order to successfully accede to the WTO, The Bahamas would have to design new methods to support the agricultural sector while at the same time addressing the issue of international competitiveness. There are no special trade agreements for agricultural commodities between The Bahamas and the U.S. With the EU, the Bahamas is treated like any other ACP State. II.1.8 Sectoral Policy Related to Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry The Agricultural Sectoral policy has been centered around the following for several years: • To diversify the economic base by developing an economically viable and sustainable sector; 47 • To make a major contribution to the attainment of food security; • To increase the contribution of agriculture to the GDP; • To contribute meaningfully to the provision of employment for Bahamians; • To provide the means for a significant percentage of the rural or Family Island population of The Bahamas to attain a relatively good standard of living; and • Within the context of the national goal of the protection and conservation of the environment, encourage all agricultural activities to provide for the improved protection and conservation of the national resources of the country. It is within this framework that policy makers hope to protect the Sector and put it on the road to economic sustainability. Being an archipelagic nation, successive governments of The Bahamas have adopted a very guarded policy framework for the Fisheries Sub-sector. Governments of The Bahamas have adhered to the policy that the commercial fishing industry, as far as is practical is reserved for Bahamian nationals. Commercial fishing vessels fishing within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) must be 100% Bahamian owned. Seafood processing facilities have been placed on the list of areas specifically targeted for overseas investors. All investment projects with non-Bahamian interests must have the approval of the Government’s National Economic Council (NEC). II.2 Socio-Economic Profile Despite two devastating hurricanes in 2004, the Tourism Sector was able to achieve its highest level of visitor arrivals by reaching the figure of 5 million visitors in 2004. Hurricane Francis hit in September and was the first hurricane in decades to affect the entire archipelago. In October, Hurricane Jeanne struck causing additional damage in the northern Bahamas on the islands of Grand Bahama and Abaco. These natural disasters have not dampened the investment climate in The Bahamas as the government of The Bahamas signed Heads of Agreement with two companies to engage in billion dollar tourist resort developments – billion dollars expansion by the Kerzner Group of the world-famous Atlantis property on Paradise Island and the BahaMar Group which recently purchased three hotels on the famous Cable Beach strip which will be re-developed to the tune of US$1.2 billion. These two projects with an expanded and improved international airport in Nassau are projected to fuel tourism growth and development. The expectations are that these developments will take Bahamian tourism to new heights. With this highly buoyant economy, The Bahamas has been inundated with illegal immigrants from the region especially Haiti, Jamaica, and Cuba. 48 The Bahamas has the third highest pre capita income in the region at US$16,400 per annum. Recognizing the fact that the country may be facing an urban crisis the government has devised two policy strategies to address this issue. Firstly, the government has enunciated that there will be at least one major anchor project on each island. The model for this strategy has been the island of Exuma where the multi-million dollar resort, Emerald Bay, has come on stream. Secondly, in the densely populated area of Nassau called Over-the-Hill the government has launched a massive urban renewal program to address issues like poor housing, drug addiction, unemployment, deteriorating infrastructure, crime and environmental degradation. II.2.1 Demographics A population census is conducted every ten years at the beginning of a decade. The results of the census the population of The Bahamas was 303,611, in 2001 it was estimated to be 307,000 and 316,298 in 2003 (Department of Statistics). Table 16: POPULATION BY ISLAND AND SEX FOR CENSUS YEARS 1970 –2000 Island 1970 1980 1990 2000 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Total 83661 85151 101774 107731 124958 130091 147715 155896 New Providence 49602 51901 64861 70576 83515 88681 101558 109274 Grand Bahama 13598 12261 16694 16408 20060 20838 23024 23970 Abaco 3397 3104 3746 3525 5201 4802 6711 6459 Acklins 394 542 281 337 186 219 227 201 Andros 4311 4534 3981 4326 4109 4068 3780 3906 Berry Islands 300 143 298 211 349 279 416 293 Biminis 797 706 751 660 850 789 886 831 Cat Island 1225 1432 1075 1140 875 823 854 793 Crooked Island 305 384 246 272 204 208 172 178 Eleuthera 3769 3767 4199 4132 4019 3974 3933 4066 Exuma & Cays 1837 1930 1786 1884 1836 1720 1875 1696 Harbour Island 931 1001 1079 1221 1286 1305 1555 1611 & Spanish Wells Inagua 554 555 462 462 518 467 476 493 Long Cay 12 14 19 16 - - - - Long Island 1895 1966 1641 1763 1503 1446 1533 1459 Mayaguana 249 332 220 244 145 167 129 130 Ragged Island 103 105 82 82 52 37 44 28 San Salvador & 382 474 353 472 250 268 542 508 Rum Cay 49 11.2.2 Literacy Level and Languages School attendance to the age of 14 years old is mandatory in The Bahamas. This policy applies to all children who are residents of The Bahamas. Illegal Haitian immigrant children have created over-crowding in certain school districts and there are cases where these children are unable to speak English causing the Ministry of Education to engage in a program of teaching Haitian children with an English language deficiency in Haitian Creole. The Ministry of Education embarked on a program to teach Spanish by recruiting Spanish teachers from Costa Rica. Table 17: Literacy Year Literacy Rate (%) 1953 85.1 1960 89.7 1963 89.7 1970 91.2 1980 91.6 1981 93.0 1990 97.0 Source: Ministry of Education (2003) 2005 Public School Enrolment by District Table 18a: Primary School District Males Females Total Abaco 527 521 1048 Cat Island 200 160 360 Eleuthera 606 599 1205 Exuma 270 223 493 Grand Bahama 2057 1979 4036 50 District Males Females Total Long Island 192 164 356 MICAL 157 125 282 North Andros 466 458 924 Northeastern NP 1801 1775 3576 Northwestern NP 1849 1837 3686 South Andros 188 167 355 Southeastern NP 2156 2051 4207 Southwestern NP 2965 2697 5662 Total 13434 12756 26190 Source: Ministry of Education (2005) Table 18b: Secondary School (2005) District Males Females Total Abaco 275 279 554 Cat Island 118 113 231 Eleuthera 510 550 1060 Exuma 196 220 416 Grand Bahama 2026 1873 3899 Long Island 150 147 297 MICAL 107 104 211 North Andros 347 339 686 Northeastern NP 1862 1725 3587 Northwestern NP 1756 1770 3526 South Andros 152 141 293 Southeastern NP 1282 1172 2454 Southwestern NP 1798 1567 3365 Total 10579 10000 20579 Source: Ministry of Education (2005) 51 Table 18c: Independent School Enrolment (2005) School Males Females Total Agape Christian School 103 122 225 Alpha Omega Christian School 42 22 64 Aquinas 195 262 457 Bahamas Academy 189 255 444 Calvary Academy 238 220 458 C. W. Saunders 236 220 456 Forest Heights 64 84 148 Freeport Anglican High 185 249 434 Grand Bahama Academy 124 139 263 Grand Bahama Catholic High 204 216 420 Holy Name Catholic School 45 41 86 Jordan Prince William 386 484 870 Kingsway Academy 417 528 945 Lucaya International 74 73 147 Lyford Cay School 87 95 182 Mary Star of the Sea 189 204 393 Nassau Christian Academy 489 627 1116 Our Lady's Primary School 198 209 407 Queen's College 300 337 637 South Haven Christian Academy 14 9 23 St. Anne's Anglican School 324 390 714 St. Anne's Catholic School 35 53 88 St. Bede's 110 100 210 St. Cecilia's 168 238 406 St. Francis & St. Joseph 163 183 346 St. Francis de Sales 159 153 312 St. John's College 405 440 845 St. Paul's Methodist College 166 174 340 St. Thomas More School 198 234 432 St. Vincent De Paul 52 56 108 Sunland School 222 263 485 Tabernacle Baptist Christian Academy 238 220 458 Temple Christian 210 234 444 Windermere High School 30 45 75 Xavier's Lower School 201 204 405 Discovery Primary** 229 Smith's Memorial Academy High** 29 Long Bay All-age** 129 Wesley College** 35 St. Andrew's** 714 St. Augustine's ** 959 Total 15938 ** Numbers indicated in red are estimated totals Source: Ministry of Education 52 II.2.3 Access to Services II.2.3.1 Health The Bahamas has an outstanding healthcare system. Generally healthcare at government- owned operated facilities are free or a minimal fee, this also includes medication. Among the healthcare professionals the following is a breakdown: Table 19: Registered Physicians, Dentists and Nurses in the Bahamas 1998-2002 (Provisional) Professions/Institutions 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Physicians* Public & Private Physicians 479 495 483 503 523** Grand Total 479 495 483 503 523 Dentists Public 1 2 2 2 4 Private 70 69 71 73 75 Grand Total 71 71 73 75 79 Registered Nurses (Public)*** Princess Margaret Hospital 360 325 381 339 345 Rand Memorial Hospital 90 66 93 99 104 Sandilands Rehabilitation Centre 84 65 105 105 108 Community Health Services 166 163 168 172 187 Grand Total 700 619 747 715 744 Trained Clinical Nurses (Public) Princess Margaret Hospital 235 233 246 218 203 Rand Memorial Hospital 56 61 62 63 63 Sandilands Rehabilitation Centre 97 73 74 69 68 Community Health Services 64 78 82 79 74 Grand Total 452 445 464 429 408 *Estimate based on Registered Physicians who were active and employed in 2002. **There were 276 government-employed physicians in 2002. ***Registered Nurses include Staff Nurses and Nursing Officers of all grades Source: Bahamas Medical Council, Bahamas Dental Council, Public Hospitals Authority Department of Public Health & Office of Director of Nursing. 53 The Healthcare Infrastructure is as follows: Table 20a: Dispersion of Government Health Service Facilities, Bahamas (2003) 54 Table 20b: Dispersion of Government Health Service Facilities, Bahamas (2000) 55 11.2.3.2 Education The budget of the Ministry of Education in the fiscal year 2004/2005 was B$200 million (154.3 million Euros) or 18% of the national budget. Education is the number one budgetary item in the budget. Being an archipelagic nation where individuals reside on 24 different islands, the Ministry of Education has established thirteen educational districts. In conjunction with the Ministry of Education, there are 41 independent schools, several of which are operated by the various Christian denominations. In the Ministry of Education system, kindergarten through secondary school is free. Tertiary level education can be obtained at the College of The Bahamas and the University of the West Indies via a government scholarship program. II.2.3.3 Electricity Electricity is supplied by a number of sources in The Bahamas. The government owned corporation, The Bahamas Electricity Corporation, supplies electricity to some 90,254 subscribers. (See Table: Number of Consumers). On Grand Bahama, electricity is generated by the Grand Bahama Power Co. Ltd. to the residents of Freeport and to the other settlements on Grand Bahama. On the smaller cays, residents use generators to supply their electrical requirements. On Spanish Wells for example, the St. George’s Cay Power Company, which is privately owned and operated by the residents, provides electricity. Table 21: Total Number of Consumers Island Total Abaco 6758 Acklins 242 Andros North Andros 1153 Central Andros 795 South Andros 1254 Bimini 1096 Cat Island 1076 Crooked Island 207 Eleuthera 5061 Exuma Black Point 89 Farmer’s Cay 40 Main Exuma 2173 Staniel Cay 97 Great Harbour Cay 443 Long Cay 11 Long Island 1197 Mayaguana 124 56 Island Total New Providence 67217 Ragged Island 57 Rum Cay 74 San Salvador 482 Total 90254 II.2.4 Rural-Urban Drift There are no figures available. 57 Frequency Market Delivery Depots Street II.3 Media and Telecommunications II.3.1 Newspapers, Periodicals and Broadcast Media II.3.1.1 Newspapers The following is a list of newspapers published in The Bahamas Table 22: Newspapers Distribution Address Name Publisher Website Postal/Tel/Fax Email Bahama Wendall Jones √ √ √ www.jonescommunicationsltd.com P.O. Box N-8610 bahjour@coralwave.com All Bahamas Daily Journal Jones Communications Nassau, Bahamas International Limited (242) 325-3082 (242) 325-7256 The Tribune Mrs. Eileen Dupuch – √ √ √ P.O. Box N 3207 Business@100jamz.com All Bahamas Daily Carrou Nassau, Bahamas Sports@100jamz.com The Tribune Limited P.O. Box F-485 Freeport, G.B. (242) 322-1986 (242) 328-2398 The Nassau Charles Carter √ √ √ www.thenassauguardian.com P.O. Box N 3011 editor@nasguard.com All Bahamas Daily Guardian The Nassau Guardian Nassau, Bahamas (1844) Ltd. (242) 323-5654 (242) 302-2300 The Southern Berkley Williams √ √ P.O. Box N 3359 berkleywilliams@hotmail.c SE Bahamas Monthly Times Williams’ Marketing Nassau, Bahamas om (focus) And Advertising (242) 323-8770 All Bahamas International (242) 323-8761 58 Frequency Market Delivery Depots Street Distribution Address Name Publisher Website Postal/Tel/Fax Email The Punch Ivan Johnson √ √ P.O. Box N 4081 Thepunch@coralwave.com All Bahamas Twice Nassau, Bahamas Weekly (242) 322-7112 Monday & (242) 326-0736 Thursday The Eden Holdings Ltd. √ √ www.confidentialsoure.com P.O. Box SS 6276 editor@bahamapost.com All Bahamas Thursdays Confidential Nassau, Bahamas Source (242) 322-7172 (242) 322-6727 The Ms. Kathleen & Dave √ √ www.go-abacos.com P.O. Box AB 20551 Davralph@batelnet.bs Abaco & Twice per Abaconian Ralph Marsh Harbour, Abaco Cays month (242) 367-2677 (242) 367-3677 The Freeport Subsidiary of The Nassau √ √ √ www.freeport.nassauguardian.net P.O. Box F 40007 Grand Daily News Guardian Freeport, G.B. Bahama (242) 352-8321 (242) 351-3449 In The Bahamas, the three dailies newspapers are The Tribune, The Guardian and The Bahama Journal; all are morning papers and all were unwilling to release details on circulation numbers. The Punch, which is a tabloid, is believed to have the widest circulation. From time to time, the business section of the dailies will carry agribusiness articles. The Bahama Journal is the only paper with regular Agribusiness page, which is published on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The Nassau Guardian is the oldest paper in The Bahamas; it was started in 1840. The Tribune has been in operation since 1903. The Bahama Journal is the newest having commenced publishing in 1988 as a weekly paper. II.3.1.2 Periodicals The following is a list of periodicals 59 Table 23. Periodicals Name Owner/Publisher Distribution Address Market Frequency Book Super Other Website Postal/Tel/Fax/Email Store Mkts Crossings Travel Media √ 10001 Vestal Place Visitors Semi- (Magazine for Fast International Coral Springs, Fla. Annually Ferries passengers) (954) 346-0712 (954) 352-2123 JKMSN@AOL.com Caribbean Caribbean Investment √ √ www.caribbeani Cholmeley Cottage Global __ Investment Profiles Profiles Limited nvestmentprofile Cholmeley Park (Investment in The s.com London, UK Bahamas) e.owen@investmentprofiles.co.uk The Bahamas Bahamas √ P.O. Box N-3730 General National Environmental Nassau, Bahamas Public Assessment Report Science and (242) 322-4546 (Ten year Review Technology (242) 326-3509 For The Barbados Commission (BEST) Program of Action, 2004) Bahamas Bahamas High √ 10 Chesterfield Street global Quarterly Newsletter Commission, London Mayfair, London UK 408-4488 499-9937 bahamas.hicome/on@cablenet.co.uk Bahamas Etienne Dupuch Jr. √ √ √ P. O. Box N 7513 All Bahamas/ Annual Handbook Publications Ltd. Nassau, Bahamas global info@dupuch .com 60 Name Owner/Publisher Distribution Address Market Frequency Book Super Other Website Postal/Tel/Fax/Email Store Mkts Fidelity Forum Fidelity Group of √ www.fidelitybah P. O. Box N 4853 All Bahamas Monthly Companies amas.com Nassau, Bahamas (242) 356-7764 www.fidelityoffs (242) 326-3000 hore.com info@fidelitybahamas.com Journal of The Bahamas Historical √ www.bahamas.n P. O. Box SS 6833 All Bahamas Annual Bahamas Historical Society et.bs/history/bhs Nassau, Bahamas Society bahistsoc@coralwave.com Bahamas Journal Media Publishing √ √ P. O. Box N 9240 All Bahamas October of Science Ltd. Nassau, Bahamas February (242) 325-8210 June (242) 325-8065 rsealy@100jamz.com Quarterly Central Bank of The √ www.centralban P.O. Box N 4863 Public Quarterly Statistical Digest Bahamas kbahamas.com Nassau, Bahamas Research@centralbankbahamas.com Consumerism Consumer √ √ √ P.O. Box CB 12257 All Bahamas Today Publications Services (242) 323-7702 Ltd. (242) 328-8607 ctmagazine@yahoo.com 61 Consumerism Today features articles on agriculture and agribusiness. The Journal of The Bahamas Historical Society publishes articles on the history of agriculture in The Bahamas. Bahamas Journal of Science and the BEST Commission produce environmental articles on issues which may affect the Sector. The Bahamas Handbook carries agricultural statistics and publishes articles on various issues relative the Sector. The Central Bank’s Quarterly Journal provides a great deal of statistical data on the sector. The Fidelity Forum produces agribusiness information from time to time. “Crossings” is found on fast ferry vessels which evoke international trade as agricultural produce are transported by the fast ferry network. Articles on Family Island life are published in this magazine. II.3.1.3 Broadcast Media II.3.1.3.1 Radio In 1993 legislation was passed to allow private broadcasting. Prior to 1992, all broadcasting facilities were owned by The Bahamas Government; after 1992, radio broadcasting was privatized. The government of The Bahamas still owns the Broadcasting Corporation of The Bahamas, which operates radio stations in New Providence and Grand Bahama under the call name ZNS. The following are stations operating under the Broadcasting Corporation of The Bahamas: ZNS 1 - 11540 a.m. - Can be heard throughout The Bahamas 24 hours daily Hosts Talk Shows ZNS 2 - Programming is Religious on FM at 107.1 MH2 and 107.9 MH2 in the Southeastern Bahamas. Operates from 6:00 a.m. to 12 Midnight ZNS – FM Power 104.5. FM – Operates 24 hours ZNS 3 – Radio Bahamas Northern Service – Operates out of Freeport, Grand Bahama. Its programming parallels ZNS 1. Can be heard in South Florida. Postal Address: P. O. Box N 134, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 502-3800 Fax: (242) 322-6598 Email: bcbcorp@mail.bahamas.net.bs Agricultural news reaches all of the islands via ZNS 1. Talk shows air issues on which the subject matter deals with agriculture rather frequently. 62 Table 24: Private Radio Stations Name Format Station Location Operational Range Love 97 News, talk and New Providence Received in Grand Bahama, Love 97 North adult contemporary Abaco, Bimini, Andros, New www.Love97fm.com music Grand Bahama Providence and Eleuthera General programs have agricultural content. 24 hours 100 Jamz Island and urban New Providence New Providence, Abaco, www.100jamz.com music. 24 hours Grand Bahama, Eleuthera and Exuma More 97.9 FM Variety of music New Providence New Providence and Grand genres. 24 hours Bahama Island FM Bahamian and New Providence New Providence Island music/ some talk radio. 24 hours Joy FM Gospel music. 24 New Providence New Providence hours Cool 96 FM Adult Grand Bahama Grand Bahama contemporary. 24 hours Radio Abaco Music/news. 24 Abaco Abaco 93.5 FM hours Splash 92 FM Music/local news. Spanish Wells Spanish Wells / N. Eleuthera 24 hours Mix 102.1 FM Music. 24 hours Freeport, G.B. Grand Bahama Mix102@batelnet.bs II.3.3.3.2 Television There is one local television station in The Bahamas. It is operated by the government owned Broadcasting Corporation of The Bahamas and is styled TV13. It can be viewed 130 miles from Nassau and operates 10 hours per day Monday to Friday, 17 hours on Saturday and 16 hours on Sunday. In 1994, The Bahamas government issued a 15-year license to Cable Bahamas Ltd. for the construction and operation of a cable television system to service The Bahamas. Cable television services are available to 96% of Bahamian households. As of July 2004, Cable Bahamas had approximately 65,000 subscribers. Cable Bahamas installs, free of charge, cable services and broadband Internet access in government-operated schools and libraries. Government ministries, charitable organizations and church-operated schools also are granted free installations of cable service. Cable Bahamas 63 operates a community channel and carries the parliamentary channel, which transmits live broadcasts of parliamentary debates and proceedings. A number of Bahamians subscribe to US satellite companies like Direct TV and Dishnet for television viewing. TV 13 airs agricultural subjects and Cable Bahamas carries agricultural events on its Community Channel. A household survey by the Department of Statistics has provided data on the number of households by island with television, cable and satellite services. (See Tables for the year 2000). Table 25: Private Households by island and number of televisions per household (All Bahamas) Number of Televisions Island Total Number 0 1 2 3 or Not of Households more Stated Total 61,906 9,206 27,622 17,275 7,607 196 New Providence 39,864 4,033 18,482 11,990 5,359 - Grand Bahama 10,388 1,085 4,434 3,385 1,465 19 Abaco 2,865 909 1,264 465 181 46 Acklins 143 114 22 2 3 2 Andros 1,871 605 796 321 117 32 Berry Islands 232 30 144 41 15 2 Biminis 493 48 217 149 79 - Cat Island 516 393 86 27 8 2 Crooked Island 134 84 40 4 1 5 Eleuthera 2,186 703 937 365 136 45 Exuma and Cays 940 303 403 163 59 12 Harbour Island 339 50 159 96 29 5 Inagua 288 65 147 56 19 1 Long Island 858 524 257 50 17 10 Mayaguana 89 53 28 5 1 2 Ragged Island 29 19 9 1 - - San Salvador & 169 87 65 10 6 1 Rum Cay Spanish Wells 502 101 132 145 112 12 Source: Household Survey, Department of Statistics (2000) 64 Table 26: Private households by island indicating number of households with satellite or cable (all Bahamas) Island Total Households Households Households Number of with without with Not Households Satellite Satellite Cable Stated Total 61,906 13,990 32,486 5,408 10,022 New Providence 39,864 10,433 25,030 - 4,401 Grand Bahama 10,388 1,025 2,842 5,408 1,113 Abaco 2,865 751 1,113 - 1,001 Acklins 143 2 20 - 121 Andros 1,871 182 1,012 - 677 Berry Islands 232 84 112 - 36 Biminis 493 80 361 - 52 Cat Island 516 10 105 - 401 Crooked Island 134 8 32 - 94 Eleuthera 2,186 528 856 - 802 Exuma and Cays 940 210 387 - 343 Harbour Island 339 211 73 - 55 Inagua 288 148 72 - 68 Long Island 858 108 175 - 575 Mayaguana 89 7 27 - 55 Ragged Island 29 4 6 - 19 San Salvador & Rum 169 24 52 - 93 Cay Spanish Wells 502 175 211 - 116 Source: Household Survey, Department of Statistics (2000) II.3.2 Telecommunications Services Two entities provide telecommunication services: 1. Bahamas Telecommunications Company Ltd. (BTC) It is a quasi-public corporation owned by the government of The Bahamas but operating without any subsidy. BTC offers a wide range of services including telephone, fax, telex, cellular and radio phone, private line services, packet switching, satellite service and GSM services. A 3-minute local call for: (a) Fixed – B$0.18 per minute (b) Cellular – B$0.40 per minute 65 Table 27: Wire-line and Wireless Subscribers, Bahamas Telecommunications Ltd. Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Wire-line 114,347 123,370 126,556 131,682 133,936 Wireless 31,524 60,555 106,759 116,267 186,007 Source: Bahamas Telecommunications Co. 2. Indigo Networks Indigo Networks entered the telecommunications business in The Bahamas in 2004 and provides a full range of fixed telephony and mobile data services. This was the first instance of liberalizing the telecommunications industry in The Bahamas. Prepaid phone card rates: Family Islands: B$0.17/minute USA: B$0.49/minute Canada: B$0.49/minute Caribbean: B$0.65/minute (including Cuba) Rest of the world: B$0.79/minute Indigo is in the process of offering residential telephone services. II.3.3 Computers and the Internet Please note the results of the household survey by the Department of Statistics. The survey highlights the number of households with the availability and access to television, computer and the interest by island. (See Table 28. Availability and Access to Amenities). 66 Table 28: Private Households by Island Indicating Availability and Access to Amenities Island Availability And Access To Amenities Access To Computer Internet Total Yes No Not Yes No Not Number of Stated Stated Households Total 87,742 24,443 63,188 111 13,557 74,064 121 New Providence 59,712 18,271 41,379 62 10,531 49,114 67 Grand Bahama 13,979 3,719 10,248 12 1,857 12,107 15 Abaco 3,936 967 2,955 14 518 3,402 16 Acklins 134 6 128 - 3 131 - Andros 2,149 269 1,876 4 99 2,046 4 Berry Island 269 29 240 - 11 258 - Bimini 555 72 483 - 20 535 - Cat Island 229 54 502 3 24 532 3 Crooked Island 132 7 125 - - 132 - Eleuthera 2,409 341 2,052 16 156 2,237 16 Exuma & Cays 1,133 213 920 - 88 1,045 - Harbour Island 493 88 405 - 46 447 - Inagua 302 41 261 - 15 287 - Long Island 963 142 821 - 62 901 - Mayaguana 96 5 91 - 1 95 - Ragged Island 26 - 26 - - 26 - San Salvador & Rum Cay 309 49 260 - 8 301 - Spanish Wells 586 170 416 - 118 468 - Source: Household Survey, Department of Statistics (2000) There are presently 16 Internet Providers in The Bahamas as follows and total about 43,693 subscribers: Table 29: Internet Service Providers Monthly Charge B$ Internet Service Providers Location Subscribers 10 hr. Dialup DSL Batelnet (BTC) New Providence 15,200 10.00 (5hrs) 34.99 Bahamas Online New Providence 4,900 Webpage: 49.99 Public Announcement: 19.99 HotLinks: 9.99 Cable Bahamas New Providence 22,500 9.95 36.95 67 Monthly Charge B$ Internet Service Providers Location Subscribers 10 hr. Dialup DSL Net-Bahamas Ltd. New Providence 14.95 35.95 Future Net Ltd. New Providence 15.00 34.99 Quality Business Centre Ltd Grand Bahama Security Software Dev. Ltd Grand Bahama Century Communications Co. Ltd. Grand Bahama Access Bahamas Ltd. New Providence Cyber World Bahamas Ltd. New Providence Bahamas General Communications New Providence Satellite Bahamas Ltd. New Providence Special DSL System for the Family Islands: 99.00 Abaco Wireless Services Ltd. Abaco Out Island Inter-Net Ltd Abaco Integrated Data Solutions New Providence KBMP Communications Network New Providence Source: Public Utilities Commission (2005) The New Providence providers (Access, CyberWorld, Bahama General and KPMP) have the capacity to provide Internet services, but are not in the general marketplace; same applies to companies in Grand Bahama and Abaco. Some of these companies do not have websites or listed web addresses. These providers provide service to 1098 subscribers. Difficulties were experienced in locating these companies by telephone and address. This information was provided by the Public Utilities Commission, which is the government agency with the responsibility for licensing Internet providers. 68 ANNEX III. PROFILE OF INSTITUTIONS III.1. List of All Institutions in Agriculture and Rural Development Name and contacts Type Role Name: North Long Island Cooperative Society AS-F TM Postal Address: Simms, Long Island Tel: Web site: Name: North Cat Island Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: P.O. Box SS-6314, Nassau Bahamas Tel: (242) 354-6071, (242) 393-3691; Fax: (242) 354-6174, (242) 394-5834 Web site Name: New Providence Livestock and Producers Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: P.O. Box N-7548, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 361-4332; Fax: (242) 341-2226 Web site/Email: rainbow@bahamas.net.bs Name: Grand Bahama Farmers Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: P.O. Box F-43145, Freeport, Grand Bahama Tel: (242) 352-4500; Fax: (242) 352-3905 Web site Name: Abaco Agricultural Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: P.O. Box AB-20875, Abaco, Bahamas Tel: (242) 367-2292; Fax: (242) 367-4971 Web site Name: North Abaco Fishing Cooperative Society Ltd. AS-F TM Postal Address: Treasure Cay, Abaco, Bahamas Tel: (242) 365-2040; Fax: (242) 355-2164 Web site Name: Bahamas Cooperative League Limited NGO RG Postal Address: P.O. Box SS-6314, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-3691; Fax: (242) 393-3700 Web site/Email: fdavis@bahamascoop.org Name: Mayaguana Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: Abraham’s Bay, Mayaguana, Bahamas Tel: Web site Name: Mangrove Cay Fishing Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: Mangrove Cay, South Andros, Bahamas Tel: Web site 69 Table 30: Annex III.1 List of Institutions (continued) Name and contacts Type Role Name: Eleuthera Agricultural Cooperative Society Limited AS-F TM Postal Address: Governor’s Harbour, Eleuthera, Bahamas Tel: (242) Fax: (242) Web site/Email: Name: Queen’s College Cooperative Society Limited AS-Y TM Postal Address: P.O. Box N-7127, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-1666; Fax: (242) Web site/Email: www.qchenceforth.com Name: Central Abaco High School Cooperative Society Limited AS-Y TM Postal Address: P.O. Box AB-20875, Abaco, Bahamas Tel: (242) 367-2292; Fax: (242) 367-4971 Web site/Email: Name: C.V.Bethel High School Cooperative Society Limited AS-Y TM/FS Postal Address: P.O. Box GT-2514, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 392-9250; Fax: (242) 392-9260 Web site/Email:nwccu@batelnet.bs Name: C.C. Sweeting Senior High School Cooperative Society Limited AS-Y TM/FS Postal Address: P.O. Box N-1986, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 356-5401; Fax: (242) 356-5403 Web site/Email: pwccu@bahamas.net.bs Name: North Long Island High School Cooperative Society Limited AS-Y TM Postal Address: Simms, Long Island, Bahamas Tel: (242) 338-8551; Fax: (242) Web site/Email: n/ihigh@mail.batelnet.bs Name: Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Corporation STA EX, IN, FS, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 4980, Nassau, Bahamas RD, TR, TM Tel: (242) 322-3740; Fax: (242) 322-2123 Web site: www.baic.gov.bs Email: adorsett@baic.gov.bs Name: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Local Government GOV EX, IN, FS, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3028, Nassau, Bahamas PP, RD, RG, Tel: (242) 325-7502; Fax: (242) 322-1767 TR, TM, RU Web site/Email: camillejohnson@bahamas.gov.bs Name: Department Of Agriculture GOV EX, IN, FS, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3074, Nassau, Bahamas PP, RD, RG, Tel: (242) 325-7502; Fax: (242) 325-3960 TR, TM, RU Web site/Email:simeonpinder@bahamas.gov.bs 70 Table 30: Annex III.1 List of Institutions (continued) Name and contacts Type Role Name: Department Of Fisheries GOV EX, IN, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3028, Nassau, Bahamas RD, RG, Tel: (242) 393-1777; Fax: (242) 393-0238 TR, TM, Web site/Email: fisheries@bahamas.gov.bs RU Name: Department of Local Government GOV IN, PP, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3040, Nassau, Bahamas RG, RU Tel: (242) 394-0445; Fax: (242) 394-5920 Web site/Email: jamesmckinney@bahamas.gov.bs Name: Department of Land & Surveys GOV IN,PP, Postal Address: P.O. Box N-592, Nassau, Bahamas RG, RU Tel: (242) 322-2328; Fax: (242) 322-5830 Web site/Email: Name: Bahamas Development Bank BNK FS Postal Address: P. O. Box N 3034, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 327-5780; Fax: (242) 327-5047 Web site/Email: bahamasdevelopmentbank.com Name: Bahamas Environmental Science & Technology Commission STA IN, PP, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3730, Nassau, Bahamas RD, RG, Tel: (242) 322-4546; Fax: (242) 326-3509 RU Web site/Email: bestmbs@hotmail.com Name: Bahamas Trade Commission GOV TM Postal Address: P.O. Box N 4849, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 328-2700; Fax: (242) 328-1324 Web site/Email: hebong@Bahamas.gov.bs Name: Bahamas Agricultural Producers Association AS-F PS-P Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3903, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-2028; Fax: (242) 328-8086 Web site/Email:tallpine@coralwave.com Name: Department of Statistics GOV IN, PP, Postal Address: P. O. Box N 3904, Nassau, Bahamas RD Tel: (242) 302-2400; Fax: (242) 502-1068 Web site/Email: Name: Grand Bahama Port Authority PRV RU Postal Address: P. O. Box F 42666, Freeport, Grand Bahama Tel: (242) 352-6711; Fax: (242) 352-6184 Web site: www.gbpa.com 71 Table 30: Annex III.1 List of Institutions (continued) Name and contacts Type Role Name: Department of Cooperative Development GOV IN, FS, Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3028, Nassau, Bahamas PP, RG, Tel: (242) 356-3152; Fax: (242) 325-7502 TR Web site/E-mail: nadderley@bahamas.gov.bs Name: College of The Bahamas EDU TR, IN, Postal Address: P. O. Box N 4912, Nassau, Bahamas RD Tel: (242) 302-4300; Fax: (242) 302-4539 Web site/E-mail: www.cob.edu.bs Name: New Providence Development Company PRV RU Postal Address: P. O. Box N-4820, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 362-4177; Fax: (242) 362-4981 Web site/Email: lindroph@coralwav.com Name: Bahamas Chamber of Commerce CCI TM, IN Postal Address: P. O. Box N 665, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-2145; Fax: (242) 322-4649 Web site/Email: www.thebahamaschamber.com bahamaschamber@coralwave.com Name: Bahamas Produce Exchange GOV TM Postal Address: P. O. Box N 3028, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-1061; Fax: (242) 393-3672 Web site/Email: Name: Container Terminals Limited PRV OT Postal Address: P. O. Box N 8183, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-1012; Fax: (242) 323-7566 Web site/Email: rfarrington@tropical.com Name: Bahamas Ferries PRV OT Postal Address: P. O. Box N 3709, Nassau Bahamas Tel: (242) 323-2166; Fax: (242) 322-8185 Web site/Email: www.bahamasferries.com Name: Bahamas Hotel Association NGO OT Postal Address: P. O. Box N 7799, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-8381; Fax: (242) 502-4216 Web site/Email: bha@bahamashotels.org Name: Fish and Farm Supply Store Postal Address: P. O. Box N 3028, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-2311; Fax: (242) Web site/Email: 72 Table 30: Annex III.1 List of Institutions (continued) Name and contacts Type Role Name: Ministry of Education GOV TR Postal Address: P. O. Box N 3914, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 502-2704; Fax: (242) 322-8491 Web site/Email: www.moe.gov.bs Name: Junior Achievement Bahamas GOV AS-Y Postal Address: P.O. Box N 1562, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-2549; Fax: (242) 326-5657 Web site/Email: Name: 4-H Class GOV AS-Y Postal Address: P.O. Box N 3028, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 325-7509; Fax: (242) 322-1767 Web site/Email: Camilejohnson@bahamas.gov.bs Name: Anglican Church Women AS-W OT Postal Address: P.O. Box N 656, Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-3015; Fax: (242) 322-7943 Web site/Email: www.bahamas.anglican.org diosec@batelnet.bs 73 III.2 Select List of Key Institutions Name of institution: Bahamas Produce Exchange Objective/mission statement: With its network of Family Island Packing Houses, its objective is to purchase quality fruits and vegetables from small farmers. Field of specialization: Produce marketing and distribution. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent: Produce Exchange – 21 (2 professional, 6 clerical, 13 general workers) Total: 65 Packing Houses – 44 (7 supervisors, 37 general workers) Branches, other sites: 7 outlets as Packing Houses – See Annex 11 (II.1.5). Annual Budget: 3,471,257.9 Euros (B$4.5 million) (2004/5). Source of funding, incl. Main donors/sponsors: Public Treasury, Bahamas Government and produce sales. Program / projects undertaken: Post harvest with the assistance of FAO. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Small farmers in Family Islands (1,700). Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications: Attendance at seminars/workshops, CARDI/CTA. Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): IICA, FAO, CARDI – workshops on trade and marketing/marketing projects. How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: External sources – FAO/IICA (information from studies: post-harvest, bottling, etc.). Department of Agriculture’s Extension Staff (family island state of production and some crop forecasting). Packaging houses (fruit and vegetable inventory). Florida Department of Agriculture (produce prices). 74 Name of institution: Bahamas Produce Exchange Main information needs not satisfied: No publication on market forecast, newspapers and Internet not used as tool to inform farmers and radio is minimal, crop forecasting. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack of trained manpower to gather and collate information; distribution of marketing information to buyers. Why institution selected as a key: It is the only national marketing organization geared to the agricultural sector, particularly the small farmer. Name of institution: New Providence Livestock Producers Cooperative Society Ltd. Objective/mission statement: To meet the member needs by operating as a group in input purchases and transportation of these inputs so as to lower operating costs. Field of specialization: Services to agribusinesses. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, temporary): 3- part-time (1 clerical, 1 professional, 1 technician). Branches, other sites: Nassau Annual Budget: 33,941 Euros (B$70,000) (2004) Source of funding, incl. Main donors/sponsors: Membership fees Program / projects undertaken: Contribution to hurricane relief program to cooperative in Family Islands. Assistance to scholarship programs. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Agribusinesses and small farmers. (20). 75 Name of institution: New Providence Livestock Producers Cooperative Society Ltd. Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications: Spore Magazine; a farmer attended a CTA related workshop in Wageningen. Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Bahamas Cooperative League as a member and The Department of Cooperative Development as cooperation. How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: Most information is livestock (poultry) related and comes from feed suppliers. Some information by Department of Agriculture, Extension staff. Main information needs not satisfied: Locally related to production in poultry. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Heavy dependence on external sources as little expertise locally. Why institution selected as a key: This is the most successful producer cooperative in The Bahamas. 76 Name of institution: Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Corp. (BAIC) Objective/mission statement: To stimulate, facilitate and encourage the development of agriculture in The Bahamas. Field of specialization: Agriculture, light Industry Development Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent: 59 (16 professionals, 35 clerical/technical, 18 general workers) Branches, other sites: 3 branches (Grand Bahama, Abaco, Eleuthera) 2 Industrial Parks (New Providence) Annual Budget: 2,159,893.8 Euros (B$2.8 million) (2004/05) Source of funding, incl. Main donors/sponsors: Bahamas Government, revenue from rental properties, services and leases. Program/ projects undertaken: IICA/ Tomato Bottling Project Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Agribusinesses, small farmer, food processors, fishermen, small business development (25- 30,000) How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: Sources like IICA (technical assistance with studies), FAO (various publications on crop and livestock production), Caribbean Export Agency (training information and trade shows, i.e. handicraft sector and souvenir items), Business Development (provide courses in business establishment to local entrepreneurs, i.e. start-up business courses); information generated locally through workshops and seminars. Main information needs not satisfied: Website construction/Internet user reliability. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Equipment maintenance; publication preparation/ distribution Why institution selected as a key: Broad involvement with the sector. 77 Name of institution: Bahamas Agricultural Producers Association Objective/mission statement: To coordinate the efforts of agribusiness throughout The Bahamas for the purpose of promoting a common interest through collective action and to be an advocate of Agribusiness interest before governments of The Bahamas and the Caribbean. Field of specialization: Agribusiness Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/Temporary): 3 temporary members of staff (3 professional) Branches, other sites: Nassau Annual Budget: 77,139.06 Euros (B$100,000.00) (2005/2006) Source of funding, incl. Main donors/sponsors: Membership and revenue producing activities. Program / projects undertaken: Policy issues dealing with the growth and development of the sector, i.e. Trade (market access) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Farmers, fishermen, processors and agribusinesses. Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications: Spore Magazine Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): CARDI and IICA – assistance in organizing Agribusiness Forum and Workshop How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: IICA is an important source and supplier of inputs. Main information needs not satisfied: Preparation of documentation and pamphlets for distribution to membership i.e. newsletter. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack of equipment and facilities at the moment. Not organized to disseminate information and its management Why institution selected as a key: It is the only agribusiness umbrella organization in The Bahamas. 78 Name of institution: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government Objective/mission statement: To diversify the economic base by developing an economically viable and sustainable sector; to make a major contribution to the attainment of food security; to increase the contribution of agriculture to GDP, contribute to employment, to improve standard of living of Family Island residents; to conserve and protect the environment (as stated in II. 1.8). Field of specialization: Agricultural development Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent: Total: 657 (110 professional, 250 clerical, 106 technical, and 191 general workers) Branches, other sites: Dispersed throughout the archipelago (local government 28 administrative districts) Annual Budget: 26,227,282 Euros (B$34,000,000 (2005-06 Budget)) Source of funding, incl. Main donors/sponsors: Government Program / projects undertaken: Land clearing on several islands. FAO is involved with post harvest project work, irrigation, and seed technology, IICA, with agribusiness development. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Target audience: 53,000 (1,242 farmers, 12,300 fishermen, and 48,000 local government) Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications: Spore Magazine, Seminars, publications Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): FAO, IICA, CARDI, U.W.I. (Training, surveys, technical assistance) How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: FAO provides technical assistance as well as studies such as seed technology, irrigation, post-harvest, crop and livestock production yields, i.e. fruit trees, vegetables and small ruminants. IICA provides technical studies and advice on agri-business development. 79 Name of institution: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Government Main information needs not satisfied: No website, unreliability of Internet use, marginal output of publications, collating of data for publication and wide circulation. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack or resources – Financial, equipment and trained manpower. Why institution selected as a key: This institution is key because two of its departments (Agriculture & Fisheries) are important to the economy particularly in the Family Islands. Local Government is responsible for Family Island administration. These three departments interface with the rural population who reside in the Family Islands. Name of institution: Bahamas Cooperative League (BCL) Objective/mission statement: Assisting in the development of its affiliates in their business activities and lease with government and international organization on behalf of affiliates. Field of specialization: Producer/Supplier Cooperatives and Credit Unions Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, permanent, etc.: 9 permanent workers (6 professional, 3 clerical) Branches, other sites: Nassau Annual Budget: 1,079,946.9 Euros (B$1.4 million) 2003 Source of funding, incl. Main donors/sponsors: Membership and Bahamas Government Stipend Program / projects undertaken: Strengthening project with IDB funding and the Canadian Cooperative Association as consultants. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Agribusinesses and small farmers as producers and Family Island residents/communities (10-15,000). 80 Name of institution: Bahamas Cooperative League (BCL) Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications: Spore Magazine Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): IDB – for funding, IICA – Tomato Bottling Project for Producer/Supplier Cooperation and funding for environmental project; Caribbean Confederation of Credit Unions. How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: Affiliates form the basic unit for the BCL, which monitors the state of these affiliates which should provide financial data, membership levels and other concerns. BCL needs this feedback to assist producer/supplier cooperatives in its capacity as an advocate. Main information needs not satisfied: Information not coming forward from affiliates. Producer/Supplier cooperatives do not report on problems being faced by them, i.e. policy issues, market conditions, availability of inputs etc. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: No information because at the grass roots level, there is little activity. BCL depends on its affiliates, as it has no branch office. Producer/supplier cooperatives have management challenges. The information from the Producer/Suppliers cooperative are critical to the BCL’s overall program. The BCL has played a role in assisting NPLPCSL in obtaining duty free exemptions. Why institution selected as a key: The BCL has affiliates all over The Bahamas and these affiliates comprise a cross section of people from the various Family Islands and their involvement at the community level in economic activities. Name of institution: Bahamas Trade Commission Objective/mission statement: To review and examine all aspects of the various, multi-lateral, regional and sub-regional trading arrangements which are expected to require Bahamian people’s participation and valuation and, if desired or necessary, Bahamian commitment. 81 Name of institution: Bahamas Trade Commission Field of specialization: International Trade Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary): 3 part-time employees (3 clerical/associate degree level). Branches, other sites: Nassau-based Annual Budget: 65,568.20 Euros (B$85,000) 2003/04 30,855.62 Euros (B$40,000) 2004/05 Source of funding, incl. main donors/sponsors: Government of The Bahamas Program / projects undertaken: Town meeting to educate the Bahamian public on CSME, FTAA and WTO. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Civil society groups, NGOs and the Private Sector to act in consultative capacity on trade and the manner in which trade affects. This comprises 17 entities/organizations Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications: Spore Magazine seems to be recognized. Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): CARICOM Secretariat and Caribbean Regional Negotiation Machinery – Trade issues. How information needs are currently met, and from where or by whom: BTC communicates via Internet 82 Name of institution: Bahamas Trade Commission Main information needs not satisfied: Printed material stemming from manpower shortages. The BTC has not developed, particularly its manpower in trade expertise. This has resulted in the BTC being able to keep abreast of the literature both printed and Internet in order to provide the various sectors in the economy with an analysis of trade issues. Entities like BAPA and NPLPCSL are not provided with information on agricultural trade negotiations with the FTAA or the EU partnership agreements. The Bahamas is not a WTO member. Manpower shortages stem from the lack of training in trade expertise because of budgetary restrictions. Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Availability of manpower with training and expertise in the preparation of publications. Why institution selected as a key: In a service-based economy, market access issues affect agribusinesses and Family Island communities; the view of agribusinesses have to be projected. 83 ANNEX IV. PERSONS/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED Table 32: List of Persons Interviewed Name of Person Designation and Contact Information Mr. Phillip Simon Executive Director Bahamas Chamber of Commerce P.O. Box N 665 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-2145 Fax: (242) 322-4649 E-mail: Bahamaschamber@coralwave.com info@bahamachamber.com Mr. Francis Davis General Manager Bahamas Cooperative League P.O. Box SS-6314 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-3691 Fax: (242) 394-5834 E-mail: fdavis@bahamascorp.org Mr. Larry Feingold Director New Providence Livestock Producers’ Cooperative Society Limited P.O. Box N-7548 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 361-4332 Fax: (242) 341-2226 Also: Mrs. Lori Roach Executive Secretary Mr. Michael Braynen Director Department of Fisheries P.O. Box N-3028 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-1777 Fax: (242) 393-0238 E-mail: fisheries@bahamas.gov.bs Ms. Kristal Bethel General Manager Ministry of Tourism P. O. Box N-3071 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-7500 Fax: (242) 328-0945 E-mail: tourism@batelnet.bs Also Mr. Gary Young Director 84 Name of Person Designation and Contact Information Mrs. Della Reece Grant Manager Bahamas Produce Exchange P.O. Box N-3028 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 393-1061 Fax: (242) 393-3672 E-mail: delreese@bahamasgov.bs Mr. Benjamin Rahming General Manager Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Corporation P.O. Box N-4980 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-3740 Fax: (242) 322-2123 E-mail: adorsett@baic.gov.bs Also Mr. Arnold Dorsett Assistant General Manager Mr. I. G. Stubbs President Bahamas Agricultural Producers Association P.O. Box N-3903 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 322-2028 Fax: (242) 328-8086 E-mail: bapa@coralwave.com Mrs. Colleen Nottage Under-Secretary Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Local Govt. P. O. Box N-3028 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 325-7502 Fax: (242 322-1767 E-mail: Simeonpinder@bahamas.gov.bs Also Mr. Simeon Pinder Actg. Director Mr. Leslie Minns Sr. Marketing officer Mrs. Helen Ebong Permanent Secretary Bahamas Trade Commission Ministry of Trade and Industry P. O. Box N-4849 Nassau, Bahamas Tel: (242) 328-2700 Fax: (242) 328-1324 E-mail: hebong@bahamas.gov.bs 85 ANNEX V. REFERENCES Agriculture In The Bahamas: Historical Development 1982-1992 – by Godfrey Eneas, Media Publishing, Nassau, 1998. Bahamas Agricultural and Industrial Cooperation Act (#9 of 1981) Bahamas Chamber of Commerce, Promotional information package Bahamas Cooperative League 25th Annual General Meeting Program, May 28, 29 2005 Bahamas Department of Statistics Population Distribution, by Region and Quintile, 2005 Calendar. Bahamas Telecommunication Company Statistical Data on Telecommunications. Caribbean Agricultural Information Service CAIS Capacity Building Series – Strategic Information Plan Caribbean Agricultural Information Service CAIS Capacity Building Series – Caribbean OAS Pilot Experience Caribbean Agricultural Information Service CAIS Capacity Building Series – Networking for Agricultural Development Caribbean Agricultural Information Service CTA/CARDI/CAIS Project Planning and Stakeholders Meeting, June 2001 Caribbean Agricultural Information Service Guidelines For Electronic Discussion Groups Central Bank of The Bahamas. February 2005 Quarterly Statistical Digest – Volume 14, No.1 Central Bank of The Bahamas. Office of the Manager, Research Department. – April 2005. Agriculture and GDP Department of Agriculture List of Registered Farmers, 2005 Department of Agriculture. Statistics Department Second Census of Agriculture 1994 Final Results, 86 Department of Agriculture Agricultural Production In The Bahamas as Affected by Factors of Climate, Geology and Water Resources (August 1996). By Simeon Pinder Department of Agriculture. Planning, Statistics and Marketing Unit – April 2004 Produce Exchange and Packing House Statistics Department of Fisheries. Fisheries Statistics Department of Fisheries. Fishery Country Profile, The Department of Fisheries, 2004 Fisheries Statistical Tables. Etienne Dupuch Jr. Publication Nassau, Bahamas Bahamas Handbook, 2005 Edition. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations – March 2001. Assistance to Review Agricultural Policies and Legislation. Food and Agriculture Organization – December 2001 Regional Special Program for Food Security IICA Draft Proposal for the Analysis of the Cascarilla Industry In The Bahamas. Inter-American Development Bank. Bahamas Assessment of Competitiveness In Agriculture, Inter-American Development Bank Study - May 2003. Kirton, Claremont and Barley Arlene Establishment of Regional Agricultural Policy Network In The Caribbean – A report prepared for CTA/IICA Workshop, Paramaribo, Suriname – December, 2000 Ministry of Education, Nassau, Bahamas. Planning Unit – (2004) Ministry of Health, Nassau, Bahamas. Health Information Unit – (2004) Ministry of Tourism Business Plan (2005) Nassau, Bahamas Ministry of Tourism Tourism Data and Marketing Solutions Document, Nassau, Bahamas 87 Ministry of Tourism, Bahamas. Visitor Arrivals to The Bahamas (1945-1995) – July 1996. Ministry of Trade and Industry Mandate Nassau, Bahamas Ministry of Trade and Industry Perspective Vol. 3, 1st –2nd Quarters, 2005 Nassau, Bahamas Ministry of Trade and Industry The Bahamas Commission on Trade Mandate and Terms of Reference Nassau, Bahamas Ministry of Trade and Industry, Report of The Bahamas Commission on Trade on: The Implications of The Bahamas Joining the Caribbean Community, including the CARICOM Single Market And Economy, June 2003, Nassau, Bahamas Public Utilities Commission, Nassau, Bahamas Statistical Data – (2004) Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation Annual Report – 2003 Wageningen, The Netherlands Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation CTA Draft Program of Activities, 2005 Technical Centre For Agricultural and Rural Cooperation Information for agricultural and rural development In ACP countries; Emerging stakeholders, new media and priority themes Proceedings of a CTA Seminar, Paris, France 29th May – 2 June, 2000 Technical Centre For Agriculture and Rural Cooperation Annual Report – 2002 Wageningen, The Netherlands The Department of Statistics, Nassau, Bahamas The Bahamas in Figures 2002 88