More meat, milk and eggs by and for the poor 2020 CRP Annual Reporting CGIAR Research Program on Livestock Agri-Food Systems (CRP LIVESTOCK) Name of Lead Centre: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Flagship lead institutions (CGIAR Centres or lead partners): • Flagship 1: Livestock Genetics - ILRI • Flagship 2: Livestock Health - Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences (SLU) • Flagship 3: Livestock Feeds and Forages - International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) • Flagship 4: Livestock and the Environment - ILRI • Flagship 5: Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems - ILRI Other participating CGIAR Centres: • International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Submission date: Thursday 1st July 2021 (revised version) 2020 CRP Annual Report CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food-secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock provides research-based solutions to help smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists transition to sustainable, resilient livelihoods and to productive enterprises that will help feed future generations. It aims to increase the productivity of livestock agri- food systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world. The Program brings together five core partners: the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) with a mandate on livestock; the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), which works on forages; the International Center for Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), which works on small ruminants and dryland systems; the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) with expertise particularly in animal health and genetics and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) which connects research into development and innovation and scaling processes. The Program thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system © 2021 This publication is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. To view this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Unless otherwise noted, you are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format), adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, even commercially, under the following conditions: ATTRIBUTION. The work must be attributed, but not in any way that suggests endorsement by the publisher or the author(s). 2 2020 CRP Annual Report Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 5 Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION .................................................................................................................... 6 1. Key Results ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Highlight Global Progress and Achievements .......................................................................... 6 1.2 CRP Progress towards Outputs and Outcomes (spheres of control and influence) ................ 6 1.2.1 Overall CRP progress ........................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2a Progress by flagships ......................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2b Relevance to COVID-19 by flagship .................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 Variance from Planned Program for this year .................................................................. 11 1.2.4 Altmetric and Publication highlights ............................................................................................ 12 1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level) .................................................................................. 13 1.3.1 Gender ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of Social inclusion / “Leaving No-one Behind” ....................... 14 1.3.3 Capacity Development ...................................................................................................... 14 1.3.4 Climate Change .................................................................................................................. 15 2. Effectiveness and Efficiency ........................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Management and governance ................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Partnerships .............................................................................................................................. 16 2.2.1. Highlights of External Partnerships ................................................................................. 16 2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR Partnerships ................................................................................................ 17 2.3. Intellectual Assets ................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Learning (MELIA) ...................................... 18 2.5 Efficiency ................................................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Management of Risks to Your CRP .......................................................................................... 18 2.7 Use of W1-2 Funding ................................................................................................................ 19 3. Financial Summary ......................................................................................................................... 20 Part B. TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Table 1: Evidence on Progress towards SLO targets (Sphere of interest) ........................................ 21 Table 2: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) ......... 23 Table 3: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) .... 27 Table 4: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year ......................................... 28 Table 5: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones (Sphere of Influence-Control) 34 3 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period (Sphere of control) ............................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 7: Participants in CapDev Activities ......................................................................................... 69 Table 8: Key external partnerships .................................................................................................... 70 Table 9: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations ................................................................................... 74 Table 10: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA) ................................ 76 Table 11: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations ...................................... 80 Table 12: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2020) .................................................... 82 Table 13: CRP Financial Report .......................................................................................................... 83 Table Annexes .................................................................................................................................... 84 4 2020 CRP Annual Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Despite the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated travel and work restrictions, the Livestock CRP in 2020 successfully maintained momentum across its portfolio of activities. Consistent with the program’s Theory of Change, increasing attention was given to preparing relevant research outputs to be taken to scale beyond the end of the CRP II portfolio in December 2021. Many planned activities were delayed, with research teams relying more heavily on local partners to implement field work, while adapting to new technologies for virtual online collaboration and meetings. On the positive side, the number of peer-reviewed journal articles published, at 227, was a substantial increase compared to previous years. Work in the priority country projects was the most adversely affected, therefore ambitions for this experiment in cross-flagship integration of research for development design and implementation were scaled back accordingly. The CRP Livestock Review conducted by CGIAR Advisory Services confirmed the quality and direction of the research undertaken by the CRP and provided management with constructive suggestions for improvement over the final year of the program. FP1 Livestock Genetics focuses on implementation of genetic improvement programs and associated delivery systems to ensure that smallholder farmers utilize appropriate livestock breeds. Scaling of the community-based breeding model for small ruminants was strengthened in Ethiopia through a network of reproductive laboratories, while over 140,000 East African farmers used digital tools to record the performance of their dairy cattle and access artificial insemination and knowledge services. FP2 Livestock Health identifies animal disease risks, then develops and tests methods and delivery approaches to mitigate these risks through herd health management, diagnostics and vaccine innovations. Work in the priority countries was supported through compilation of herd health guidelines and an epidemiological survey toolbox was finalized to support global efforts to eradicate peste des petits ruminants (PPR). FP3 Feeds and Forages develops and scales out feed and forage technologies and decision support tools, and tests appropriate business models for their adoption. The flagship facilitated uptake of the suite of feed knowledge and assessment tools and, through partnerships with the private sector and national agricultural research systems, delivered a large number of improved forages and dual-purpose crops. FP4 Livestock and the Environment addresses greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change. The evidence base on climate change risks and benefits associated with livestock production in Africa was strengthened, while heat stress mapping was used to develop a new climate adaptation strategy for key livestock species. FP5 Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems ensures that CRP technologies/strategies achieve positive impacts on the resource poor. Following requests from their governments, development of two new Livestock Master Plans was initiated in Kenya and Odisha (India). In gender, assessments were conducted for two FP interventions as part of the effort to integrate gender perspectives in the work of all CRP flagships. 5 2020 CRP Annual Report Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION 1. Key Results 1.1 Highlight Global Progress and Achievements Towards the first target, 100 million more farm households adopting improved varieties, breeds, trees, and/or improved management practices, the CRP Livestock can report one contribution. CIAT’s existing Urochloa hybrids were scaled on approximately 100,000 additional hectares in 2020, reaching a total of at least 1,100,000 hectares in 30 countries. At the time of reporting, 2020 data had not yet been shared by the private sector partner but will be available by mid-2021. By the end of 2019, the countries which had made the most progress in terms of area planted were: • Latin America – Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela; • Asia – China, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam; • Africa – Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda. No other adoption studies or impact assessments were planned or carried out by the CRP Livestock in 2020, thus there is limited evidence of any contributions towards the other CGIAR Strategic Results Framework targets. 1.2 CRP Progress towards Outputs and Outcomes (spheres of control and influence) 1.2.1 Overall CRP progress Even with disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Livestock CRP successfully maintained momentum across its portfolio of activities as the program prepares to finish in 2021. Consistent with the program’s Theory of Change, preparations to take relevant results to scale were given more attention, whether by leveraging opportunities through bilateral funded projects, by conducting scaling assessments, or by preparing to consolidate and package results for wider uptake. The pandemic’s associated travel and work restrictions delayed many field and laboratory activities, requiring research teams to adjust their research designs and schedules and to rely more heavily on local partners to implement field work. The most adversely affected was the CRP’s cross-flagship experiment in translating research results into design and piloting livestock development interventions in its four priority countries, which was already under a tight schedule given its stalled start and shortened horizon. Ambitions have therefore been scaled back accordingly. Otherwise, flagship programs were able to complete 35 (55%) of 64 planned milestones, generate 66 new Innovations and 9 new Policies, and produce 227 publications – a significant increase from previous years. External assessments by the Independent Steering Committee and the CRP Livestock Review conducted by CGIAR Advisory Services confirmed the quality and direction of the research undertaken by the program and endorsed efforts and progress made in cultivating an impact-oriented research culture based on Theory of Change. Emerging efforts to consolidate results to date were particularly evident in FP1 Livestock Genetics, with the integration of components of the flagship’s genetics improvement models for dairy cattle and small ruminants to bring the work to scale. Over 140,000 farmers in East Africa are reported using digital tools 6 2020 CRP Annual Report for recording dairy performance of dairy cows and accessing knowledge services, supporting selection with genomic tools of appropriately adapted animals for breeding and establishing viable local artificial insemination services. For small ruminants in Ethiopia, expanded use of the community-based breeding model is now strengthened through a network of reproductive laboratories. Herd health guides compiled by FP2 Livestock Health for our priority country production systems demonstrates the better balance achieved between individual disease versus integrated health management, including notably more efficient antimicrobial use. A survey toolbox was also finalized to support the global effort to eradicate PPR. Next steps were achieved in the development of vaccines for two key livestock diseases, African swine fever (ASF) and East Coast fever (ECF). To improve livestock nutrition, FP3 Feeds and Forages achieved further development and uptake of the suite of tools designed to make feed knowledge widely accessible and applied, while delivering a range of improved forages and dual-purpose crops, several to be distributed through private sector arrangements. FP4 Livestock and the Environment, working with FP2, developed a new climate adaptation strategy by mapping heat stress for targeting tolerant breeds, and strengthened the evidence base on climate change risks and benefits associated with livestock in Africa. FP5 Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems continued scaling out evidence-based Livestock Master Plans to guide national investments by responding to requests from two new countries. Gender assessments completed for two FP2 Livestock Health innovations were indicative of the progress made over the course of the CRP to enable better integration of gender perspectives into our research. Adjustments to the CRP research agenda included initiating work, as noted, to enable geographical targeting for heat tolerant livestock breeds – an emerging climate related adaptation challenge in East Africa. This complements earlier work to identify genetic markers for heat tolerance. Another line of research to develop transgenic trypanoresistant cattle was suspended–despite promising results from preparatory experiments–after repeated failure to establish viable pregnancies with the ApoL1-modified blastocysts, representing a good example of science testing a hypothesis and raising new questions to be answered first. The other major adjustment to the CRP agenda has been the reduced scope to test our overarching hypothesis that we can accelerate livestock research into impact through a multidisciplinary approach to designing and piloting integrated livestock interventions in the four priority countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam). Delays imposed by the pandemic have limited testing and the evidence that can be generated in the remaining time. Nonetheless, the multidisciplinary effort in the four priority countries significantly amplified the interaction across flagships in 2020. By working together to combine flagship innovations as an integrated strategy for a specific context, research teams are understanding better the interdependencies between the flagships. The Royal Tropical Institute (Netherlands) began documenting lessons from the experience during 2020. Outputs achieved this year provide evidence that the expertise from FP5 Livelihoods on gender, business models and scaling readiness assessments is being applied more systematically across the flagships. Other outputs reflecting collaborations include the joint development of the Rapid Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) tool by FP4 and FP5, the environmental benefits of forages by FP3 and FP4, and the new work on heat stress mapping by FP2 and FP4. At the CRP level, the key role of livestock in climate change mitigation and adaptation continued to motivate a range of collaborative and complementary activities between CCAFS and multiple Livestock CRP flagships. FP4 strengthened the collaboration with PIM focused on addressing governance and tenure in pastoralist systems. FP3 maintained its joint work with the Genebank Platform to improve use of its forage collection. A new promising collaboration with FISH is expanding the Livestock Master Plan model to include aquaculture and fisheries. 7 2020 CRP Annual Report Finally, we want to pay tribute to our colleague, Michael Blummel, cluster leader for FP3 and an inspiring role model for CGIAR researchers, who died in 2020 after a short illness. 1.2.2a Progress by flagships FP1 - Livestock Genetics: Five of 12 milestones were completed, and two policies and 17 innovations reported. Towards data [outcome 1], a mobile application for capturing dairy-cattle performance and providing feedback is in use by 140,000 East African livestock keepers (milestone 1.1.7). Towards genetic improvement strategies [2], a genomic tool for determining the breed composition of dairy-cattle was developed (1.2.4) and the selection index for the Tanzanian dairy-cattle breeding program updated (1.2.6). To deliver improved genetics [3] in emerging dairy systems, a viable and sustainable business model based on fixed-time artificial insemination technology through a mix of public-private actors was developed and tested in Kenya (1.3.4), and nine reproductive laboratories established to support dissemination of improved small ruminant genetics from breeding programs in Ethiopia and Tanzania (1.3.3). On policies, two were investments by national partners in flagship innovations, and one (joint with FP4) was on policy influence. Of the seventeen innovations reported, two are ready for next user uptake. A course correction was made with work on the production of transgenic cattle suspended due to failure in establishing pregnancies with ApoL1-modified blastocysts, despite earlier success with ApoL1-modified blastocysts in mice and blastocysts derived from unmodified cells of the same cell line in cattle. FP2 - Livestock Health: Six of 17 milestones were completed, and 14 innovations reported. Achievements to support disease prioritization [2.1] included launch of a PPR survey toolbox supporting global eradication efforts (2.1.2) and mapping of livestock related ticks in North Africa (2.1.9). FP2 engaged in the Global Burden of Animal Disease project, with responsibility for the Ethiopian component. Herd health work [2.2] produced a guide on herd health management for dairy, pigs and small ruminants being applied in Uganda and Ethiopia (2.2.3). The “community conversations” innovation was shown to be effective in strengthening herd health practices. Research on antimicrobial resistance [2.3] translated to the roll out of three kinds of training in medically rational use of antimicrobials in priority countries (2.3.4). Vaccine highlights [2.4] were construction of 10 modified candidate attenuated ASF viruses using CRISPR/cas9 technology and describing two novel nanoparticle technologies for improving an ECF vaccine. Validation and further testing of these achievements will be done by partners as soon as the pandemic allows. To improve delivery of animal health services and products [2.5], market analyses reported in Kenya and Mali are providing information for policy makers on the role of private sector. FP3 - Feeds and Forages: Twelve of 15 milestones were completed, and one policy and 23 innovations reported. To strengthen feed/forage prioritization capacity [3.1], the Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST) and Gendered(G)-FEAST) were applied (Vietnam/Kenya/Tanzania/Uganda), the new Tropical Forages tool launched, the Animal Feed Analysis Web Application (AFAWA) tool promoted, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) equations/facilities developed, and the Sub-Saharan Africa feeds database updated. To promote use of improved forages [3.3], Urochloa hybrids were commercialized, and promising grass/barley hybrids shared with partners. A new forage variety (Colombia) and Napier grass varieties (Ethiopia) were released. Towards uptake of dual-purpose cultivars [3.4], maize hybrids were disseminated (India), two new barley varieties released (Turkey) and barley genotypes shared (Morocco/Lebanon). To better use feed/forage resources [3.5], a feed company applied flagship research for commercial Total Mixed Rations (small ruminants), and steam/chemical deconstruction of straws/stovers piloted (India). Regarding rangeland/pasture management [3.6], best-bet agronomic practices for cactus pear were developed/promoted (Asia/Africa). To improve uptake of feed/forage resources [3.8], forage cost-benefit 8 2020 CRP Annual Report analyses were conducted (Colombia), forage business models described (Kenya/India/Malawi/Ethiopia/Middle East/northern Africa), and Quality Declared Seed guidelines drafted (Ethiopia). Extension approaches were tested (Kenya/Tanzania) and training materials developed (Haiti/Uganda/India/Kenya/Tanzania/Colombia). A Colombian Sustainable Cattle Policy with contribution from the CRP is under revision by the government. FP4 - Livestock and the Environment: Five of seven milestones were completed, and two policies and 3 innovations reported. The flagship supported quantification of environmental footprints (milestone 4.2.2) to help decision makers consider environmental issues by continuing its work with the RHoMIS tool. This work will contribute to several manuscripts identifying pathways for sustainable livestock intensification. Steady progress was made on rolling out the Comprehensive Livestock Environmental Assessment for Improved Nutrition, a Secured Environment and Sustainable Development (CLEANED) and targeting tools with partners (4.2.1) The heat stress mapping algorithm was refined and made accessible, and in Uganda the results have fed into a policy brief (4.2.4). For Milestone 4.3, additional sustainable rangeland management practices (grazing management and direct seeding) were documented in partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. To disseminate rangeland management tools (4.5), improved governance tools are available for uptake in Kenya, and being finalized in Tanzania/Ethiopia. To influence global agendas (4.6), a study was published on the feasibility of Index Based Livestock Insurance in Ethiopia, and a paper was published on the need for research on livestock and environment in lower and middle income countries. FP5 - Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems: The flagship completed seven of the 13 milestones planned for 2020, reporting a total of 9 innovations (one in stage 3) and five policies (one in level 2 with an associated OICR, on using nutrition education materials in the Rwandan community health workers curriculum). To guide policy [5.1] with new modelling tools [5.2], improving modelling approaches (5.1.6) and demonstrating their application (5.1.7) was achieved in the design of Livestock Master Plans initiated in Odisha and The Gambia. Based on work under two bilateral projects, progress was made on improving livestock system modelling tools but not completed (5.2.3). In the gender and social equity cluster, two gender responsive livestock health innovations were assessed, one in Ethiopia with community conversations and the other one in Kenya on vaccine delivery (5.3.5). The other milestones were extended to 2021. Development actors and government agencies in Kenya adopting tailored options for nutritional impact through livestock development (5.5.4) was met through adoption of social and behaviour change counselling cards on animal source foods consumption. On value chain related activities, improved small ruminant livestock value chain business approaches were completed for Ethiopia (5.7.4), while good progress was made on the other two milestones. 1.2.2b Relevance to COVID-19 by flagship FP1 - Livestock Genetics: In Ethiopia, Scientists from ILRI and CIAT, in collaboration with various institutions and experts from national partners, have been supporting the Ethiopian government in its effort to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia through optimizing and validating pooled testing to increase efficiency. It was found that including four samples in one pool is optimal for fast screening that does not compromise test sensitivity. It was used in the first months where the caseload was relatively low for mass testing. It increased testing efficiency by almost 300 percent, with turnaround times reduced to 12 hours from 36 hours. Other areas of support included: identifying hotspot areas for priority mass testing, with early work clearly showing where the government should focus to contain the rapid spread of the disease; exploring different options to predict the spread of the disease as well as map the distribution of health facilities, stores, marketing centers, transport lines etc. to define optimal route of 9 2020 CRP Annual Report communication for emergency management; and developing ‘web scraping and text mining’ approaches to detect and manage mis and/or disinformation related to COVID-19. In Kenya, expertise from both the Livestock Genetics and Animal Health flagships contributed to Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in response to a request from the Kenyan Ministry of Health, with 23,500 tests performed to-date. See the Animal Health report for more details. In Uganda, in relation to the Flagship’s work on the pork value chain, assessments were performed on how smallholder pig keepers were affected by Covid-19, both in relation to their pig enterprise and more broadly, for example in relation to intrahousehold livelihoods and food security. Data capture is complete and analysis, synthesis and reporting underway. FP2 - Livestock Health: Field work, including large animal experimentation, has been severely affected by COVID-19 constraints, thereby extending several milestones. Physical meetings have been replaced by virtual ones. On the positive side, COVID-19 has triggered the FP to create capacity development activities that can be available on the internet, for a wider audience. In response to the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) request for support in the country’s surge capacity for COVID-19 testing, in June 2020 ILRI started to process polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Funding for this effort was provided by the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) and the project activity built on the availability of existing equipment, high containment laboratory space and staff expertise. A bio-secure workflow was implemented to receive, process and biobank samples with results reported back to the MoH. To date, just over 23,500 tests have been carried out using commercial PCR kits, with a turn-around time of approximately 24 hours. Staff from the FP2 Animal Health and FP1 Livestock Genetics flagships contributed to this effort. In order to reduce the cost of the testing, ILRI scientists developed and validated a kit re-constituted from individual PCR kit components. The use of these “in-house” reagents awaits approval by the MoH. FP3 - Feeds and Forages: The flagship work was partly affected by COVID-19, requiring some of the originally planned deliverables (i.e., those involving field work, face-to-face meetings, or capacity building) to be extended to 2021. Additional outputs were developed as a result of the situation, including 2 publications on the impacts of COVID-19 on the Colombian cattle sector. This work was well received in Colombia and many other countries and promoted in several media outlets. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions, a 4-month weekly seminar series on sustainable cattle production, value chains and policies was also developed. While initially planned for a Colombian audience, the seminar series attracted an audience of 23,000 from 18 countries. Part of the seminar series dealt with the consequences and impacts of COVID-19 on the sector. In the bilateral ICT2Scale project, successful development of e- learning modules was a way to adjust to COVID-19, since face-to-face trainings were no longer possible. Online trainings have so far reached over 120 participants who obtained ICARDA online certificates. The modules covered topics on cactus production, supplementary irrigation, innovation platforms, project development, bee keeping, and andragogy. Five two-hour introductory workshops were organized for national extension and training staff to familiarize them with the new e-learning modules and show them how to register on the platform and navigate through the modules. Radio messaging (one-minute spots) was another way to adapt to COVID-19 to reach farmers. Following significant disruption and delays to the implementation of the Rwanda Dairy Development Project (RDDP), partnerships were re-engaged and re-ignited, resulting in the publication of six reports on FEAST. FP4 - Livestock and the Environment: Under the RHoMIS platform, a set of households were surveyed with regard to the impact of COVID-19 on a range of activities and income. The findings will be published in 2021. The flagship also carried out an analysis on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on pastoralists in 10 2020 CRP Annual Report Northern Kenya, and a study on how changes to livestock movement and numbers may affect greenhouse gas emissions in Northern Kenya. FP5 - Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems: Priority country work was much delayed due to COVID-19 restrictions - implementation could only start fully in Vietnam. When possible, online surveys were conducted and some COVID-19 questions were added, to guide project implementation on dairy and livestock in the Accelerated Value Chain Development (AVCD) project. The travel budget was underspent, although work continued using virtual tools and platforms. 1.2.3 Variance from planned program for this year A) Have any promising research areas been significantly expanded? FP1: The work on genomic selection based breeding programs for cross-bred dairy cattle, linked to natural sire and artificial insemination based delivery systems, in Tanzania and Ethiopia began scaling to other East African countries (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda) based on demand from national partners, under bilateral funding. The work on heat-stress in Uganda also began expanding based on demand from stakeholders, particularly research and development organizations, largely supported by W1/2 funding. FP3: Promoting cactus pear as a multipurpose crop to enhance the livelihoods of poor farmers was chosen as one of the 50 CGIAR innovations which will be featured in the year-long campaign in 2021. Significant cactus pear activities in different countries resulted in high demand for planting material and increased adoption by farmers. FP5: The demand for support for implementation of the Women's Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI) both within the CRP and outside the CGIAR is growing. The flagship started planning for the associated increase in staff time needed for this. B) Have any research lines been dropped or significantly cut back? FP1: Work on producing cattle transgenic for trypanoresistance was halted in 2020, due to both ongoing technical difficulties with the protocol and lack of human resource expertise (after the key scientist who was leading this work at ILRI left the Institute). As noted elsewhere, we were unable to establish pregnancies with ApoL1-modified blastocysts, despite earlier success with ApoL1-modified blastocysts in mice and blastocysts derived from unmodified cells of the same cell line in cattle. More research is now needed to understand the mechanisms responsible before repeating the experiment. This work is not expected to be reinitiated during the remainder (last year) of the CRP Livestock, but may be picked up again at some point in the future. FP3: The activity on farmers access to market prices using mobile phone dialing a short number did not take off. The reasons for this were multiple but included the relatively high costs for each market price request (5 US cents), the weak capacity of farmers in using their phones to send requests, and the lack of understanding among farmers of the potential benefits of market price information (eg. strengthening negotiation power). Future funds will be used to develop a smart phone application with pictures, to replace the short number service. 11 2020 CRP Annual Report The Vietnam priority country team cancelled a planned pilot of community based artificial insemination (AI) after establishing that existing AI capacity was too low for this to succeed, and instead redirected the funds to developing that capacity at community level. C) Have any Flagships or specific research areas changed direction? FP2: Given the current COVID-19 situation, the Flagship started to develop its capacity development activities in a digitalized format and make the materials available on the internet, thus reaching a wider audience. Despite the very high seroprevalence of Tunisian dromedaries for the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus, the limited success achieved in detecting viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the dromedaries and the ticks infesting them using real-time PCR led flagship researchers to redirect their investigations towards the wild fauna that occupy the same ecological niche as the dromedary herds and may be reservoirs for the virus. 1.2.4 Altmetric and publication highlights The total number of peer-reviewed publications in 2020 was higher than in previous years, potentially one of the few positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. As per Altmetric scores, the top 20 research outputs represented research across all 5 flagships and comprised 18 peer-reviewed journal articles plus a working paper (published in both English and Spanish, thus counted as two separate outputs). Of the journal articles, 6 were from FP1 Livestock Genetics and 5 from FP4 Livestock and the Environment, with 3 each from FP3 and FP5 and 1 from FP2. The top-ranking article presenting genomic data on the origin and domestication of chicken (FP1), published in Cell Research, had an Altmetric Attention Score of 449, placing it in the top 5% of all global research outputs and the 99th percentile compared to other outputs of the same age. It was mentioned by 42 news outlets, 8 blogs, 80 twitter users, and 1 Wikipedia page and read by 71 people on Mendeley. The second article, published in Nature Genetics and with an Altmetric Attention Score of 310 (99th percentile), concerned the mosaic genome of indigenous African cattle (FP1). This paper was mentioned by 27 news outlets and 5 blogs, tweeted 101 times and read by 49 Mendeley users. The third article, published in Environmental Research Letters and with a score of 175 (98th percentile), concerned evidence-based solutions for sustainable livestock development (FP4), which was mentioned by 15 news outlets, 4 bloggers and 46 twitter users. The fourth highest article presented findings from the Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey in 21 countries (FP4), published in Scientific Data. It had a score of 114 (97th percentile) and was mentioned by 5 news outlets, 6 bloggers and 61 tweeters. The fifth article, published in Nature Communications and with a score of 80 (96th percentile), concerned a whole genome analysis of water buffalo and global cattle breeds (FP1). The paper garnered 7 news mentions and was tweeted 31 times. The highest ranked output for the other flagships were: from FP2, an article on the legacy of the Infectious Diseases of East African Livestock (IDEAL) project, published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine (Altmetric score 26, CRP rank 19); from FP3, an article on achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction targets from livestock in Latin America (64, rank 7); and from FP5, a scoping review of feed interventions and livelihoods of small-scale livestock keepers (61, rank 8). 12 2020 CRP Annual Report 1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level) 1.3.1 Gender A) List any important CRP research findings Awareness of the lack of systematic gendered data in agriculture research increased in 2020. When reviewing papers on dairy genetics in Sub-Saharan Africa, FP5 found only 4 out of 45 (9%) included gender disaggregated data. Moreover, in a systematic review of how input and output value chain actors for crops and livestock benefit farmers vis-à-vis livelihood outcomes, few studies had adequate gender data . Key research findings and outputs in 2020 included: • A guide to integrate community conversation in extension for gender responsive animal health management (FP2); • A report on gender analysis of needs for animal health services in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia (FP2); • Gender perspectives on the adoption of the ECF vaccine in Kenya (FP2); • A guide to integrate community conversation in extension for gender responsive animal health management (FP2); • A study on armed conflict, post-conflict and livestock in Colombia, including gender aspects (FP3); • The final report from a gender postdoctoral scientist was published, providing valuable information for Kenya and Ethiopia on livestock ownership structures and restrictions, fodder trait preferences, and fodder adoption decisions (FP3); • A study showing that, contrary to what is widely believed in policy circles, women are involved in grazing management in Tunisia was accepted for the upcoming “The Joint International Grassland and International Rangeland Congress 2021” (FP4); • Development of the Women Empowerment in Livestock Business Index (WELBI) tool to assess changes in the empowerment of women involved in livestock business (FP5). B) What have you learned? What are you doing differently? • FP1 found it very beneficial having a gender scientist embedded in the flagship team. Future assessments will be aimed at determining how to better benefit women in flagship activities, rather than just reaching women. • A survey on the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for agricultural development in Tunisia revealed that women have less access to technical messages sent to their mobile phones by short message service (SMS). The project therefore adjusted its ICT extension method to convey similar messages via one-minute radio spots (FP3). • Also in Tunisia, interviews with women farmers showed that the availability of the introduced mobile seed cleaner units/mobile grinders reduced their workload, and the time gained was used for other income generating activities or studying (FP3). • Gender work with the private dairy sector in the Latin America and Caribbean region highlighted the difficulties young female livestock producers face and how essential they are for effective scaling efforts (FP3). • There is increased awareness of the importance of gender norms in affecting any equity outcome. In Ethiopia, community conversations using animal health as a starting point have shown to be an effective approach to transform gender norms (FP5). 13 2020 CRP Annual Report C) Have any problems arisen in relation to gender issues or integrating gender into the CRP’s research? Due to understaffing, the gender team in 2020 could not meet increased demand and interest in gender issues by technical teams. The gender team was therefore expanded, including recruitment of a gender postdoctoral scientist funded by the CRP to coordinate gender research in the priority countries. 1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of social inclusion / “Leaving no-one behind” • In the community conversations activities in Ethiopia, youth are specifically targeted (FP2). • Seven young agripreneurs in Tunisia received CRP-funded grinders to develop their feed businesses. They were trained on technical issues like feed composition and two of them began selling their own produced feed comprising mixed ground maize, barley and faba beans (FP3). • The CRP is working on the participation of youth and ethnic minorities in livestock activities in Vietnam (FP5). • The Sustainable Landscape project in Nicaragua has continued a strong emphasis on the participation of women and youth, and promotion of women's entrepreneurship. Of the farmers participating in Farmer Field Schools, 52% were women. A) List any important CRP research findings • An in-depth analysis of the youth-centered education program for dairy producers in Colombia (partnership between CIAT and one of the largest national dairy companies, FP3) found that: o A quota system implemented for training events reduced barriers to women’s participation; o Addressing key areas of disempowerment, identified in consultation with 14 female livestock keepers, enhanced women ś decision making power in households and communities. • Existing data from ILRI development projects is being used to analyze youth participation in livestock value chains (FP5). B) What have you learned? What are you doing differently? • For the Colombian private dairy sector, the age profile of dairy producers is one of the major concerns. This is why FP3 will support their youth-centered education program of dairy producers in 2021 with knowledge produced by this CRP. • The Vietnam country team was forced to adjust locations, timing and modes of engagement to reach ethnic minorities. C) Have any problems arisen in relation to youth issues or integrating youth into the CRP’s research? CRP research activities are largely reaching youth, rather than specifically targeting or benefitting them. 1.3.3 Capacity Development The CRP reached a total of 30,930 individuals (33% women) during 2020. Of these, 23,128 people (35% women) were engaged in long-term training, the majority (23,100) through a 4-month weekly virtual seminar series on Sustainable Beef and Dairy in Colombia, and the remainder 1 intern and 27 students in formal education (of whom 6 women and 4 men completed PhDs). Participants in short-term training and other events were 7,802 (30% women). 14 2020 CRP Annual Report Highlights included: • Development of training course materials and guidelines for dairy cattle breeding in East Africa (FP1); • Training of Ugandan herd health champions at SLU (FP2); • Hybrid (remote/on site) training in prudent and medically rational use of antibiotics (FP2); • Training to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women regarding hygienic milk production and handling in Ethiopia (FP2); • Capacity building on CGIAR forage accessions for Latin American National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) scientists (FP3); • Two international webinars on cactus pear organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)-ICARDA network (FP3); • Virtual training on the CLEANED model for national partners in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nicaragua, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda and Vietnam (FP4); • Training enumerators from the Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI) in Vietnam to use the RHoMIS and G-FEAST tools (FP4); • Continued support to Livestock Vaccine Innovation Fund projects of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) on utilizing the Women's Empowerment in Livestock Index (FP5); • Training of Community Health and Environment Officers and Community Health Workers in Rwanda on the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems nutrition intervention materials (FP5); • Training Community Health Volunteers and caregivers in Samburu County in use of the app that collates nutrition information including mid upper arm circumference, reported as an innovation in this annual report (FP5). 1.3.4 Climate Change The Livestock and the Environment flagship (FP4) focuses primarily on climate change. The work mapping the impacts of heat stress has been significant, as has the work on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Under Feeds and Forages (FP3), mixed grass-legume forage diets were identified that reduce enteric methane emissions in vitro and emissions intensity in the field, and the role of secondary plant metabolites responsible for such reduction was analyzed. CIAT’s involvement in the zero-deforestation value chains/platforms for beef and dairy continued in Colombia and Nicaragua, including support for the release of the “Aval GANSO”, a certification for sustainably produced beef, which has been adopted by Grupo Éxito, a large Colombian supermarket chain with national coverage. The flagship provided a cost- benefit analysis for nitrogen-use-efficiency in improved forages, and the identification of new and improved varieties of forages and dual-purpose crops contributes directly to the adaptation, mitigation, and improved feed quality agendas. 15 2020 CRP Annual Report 2. Effectiveness and Efficiency 2.1 Management and governance COVID-19 and preparation for closing out the CRP in 2021 were key issues facing CRP management. While successfully shifting to virtual interaction, management monitored impacts of the pandemic on research activities, especially field work, and opportunities to contribute to the response, mainly using ongoing surveys to understand household and market-level impacts. To prepare for the program’s final year, a week-long CRP-wide virtual meeting was held to facilitate: taking stock of program achievements within a Theory of Change framing; ensuring key outputs are completed, reported and communicated; and making the case to position critical research for next steps post-CRP. These discussions informed planning for the 2021 Plan of Work and Budget. Cognizant of potential challenges given the One CGIAR transition and end of CRP operations in December 2021, the management committee decided to advance the final reporting cycle to fourth quarter 2021. The Livestock CRP Review overseen by CGIAR Advisory Services was constructive and positive, noting the good-to-high quality of CRP research outputs. Several recommendations were taken on board and actioned (Table 11). The CRP contributed to One CGIAR processes with the director ‘dual-hatting’ as co-steward of a Transition Advisory Group for six months. The decision was made to acknowledge the limited role of GIZ in implementing the CRP by realigning its membership on the CRP management committee to observer status, allowing the CRP to continue benefitting from GIZ’s unique development perspective. After Nicoline de Haan’s appointment to lead the GENDER Platform, Alessandra Galiè (ILRI) became gender coordinator and member of the management committee. Sadly, Michael Blummel (ILRI) passed away following a short illness; Jane Wamatu (ICARDA) has assumed his role as Cluster leader within FP3. FP5 also had two new Cluster leaders after the departures of Nicoline de Haan and Paula Dominguez- Salas, with Alessandra Galiè and Emily Ouma (ILRI) taking up their roles. 2.2 Partnerships 2.2.1. Highlights of External Partnerships The CRP Livestock flagships worked with a number of new partners in 2020, including: the Kenyan Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives on a review of veterinary laws to identify opportunities for private sector investment; Ceres 2030, through Cornell University, on a scoping review of feed interventions and livelihoods of small-scale livestock keepers; Corteva AgriScience and Land O Lakes on strengthening dairy production in central Kenya; Indian Council of Agricultural Research and other Indian institutes on new elite barley lines; Meru Agro Ltd on forage hybrid scaling in Kenya; iShamba on a television program for the dissemination of technical knowledge on tropical forages in Kenya; Farm.ink on dairy cattle breeding programs in East Africa; and Makere University and VetLine Services on co-ordination and implementation of the community based Artificial Insemination pilot under the Uganda priority country project. There were also multiple ongoing partnerships with National Agricultural 16 2020 CRP Annual Report Research Systems organizations, universities, research institutions, private sector companies, and non- governmental organizations. 2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR Partnerships New collaborations were established with: WorldFish, on joint modelling for livestock and fish master plans; ICRAF, on validation of NIRS instruments calibration; and PIM, on governance and land tenure in pastoral production systems. Ongoing collaborations included: with GLDC, on high throughput NIRS phenotyping for fodder quality; with the Genebank, on use of molecular technologies to describe the diversity held in CGIAR forage collections and identification of a core collection of buffel grass; and with CCAFS working across several CRP Livestock flagships on activities such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production, small ruminant breeding in climate-smart villages in Ethiopia and Kenya, youth capacity building support for the Colombian dairy industry, and development of a policy brief on livestock feed and fodder development in Uzbekistan. 2.3. Intellectual Assets Have any intellectual assets been strategically managed by the CRP (together with the relevant Center) this year? N/A. Indicate any published patents and/or plant variety right applications (or equivalent) During 2020, the Alliance of Bioversity International-CIAT obtained the following registrations in cooperation with its private forage seed sector partner Papalotla / Grupo Nandi / Tropical Seeds: i) The interspecific hybrid of Brachiaria “CIAT Br02/1794” was registered for dissemination in Colombia, grant number “Acta 114-20-988”. The Intellectual property right over the hybrid belongs to the Alliance of Bioversity International-CIAT, while particular trademarks (in this case “Cobra®”) belong to the dissemination partner. ii) The interspecific hybrid of Brachiaria “GP 3025” was registered for dissemination in Colombia and Kenya. The Intellectual property right over the hybrid belongs to the Alliance of Bioversity International-CIAT, while particular trademarks (in this case “Camello®”) belong to the dissemination partner. iii) The interspecific hybrid of Brachiaria “GP 0423” was registered for dissemination in Colombia, grant number “Acta 114-20-988”. The Intellectual property right over the hybrid belongs to the Alliance of Bioversity International-CIAT, while particular trademarks (in this case “Cayman®”) belong to the dissemination partner. List any critical issues or challenges encountered in the management of intellectual assets in the context of the CRP N/A. 17 2020 CRP Annual Report 2.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Learning (MELIA) Several economic analyses were conducted for forage technologies (developed by CIAT and partners) in Colombia that show the economic potential of integrating improved forages into livestock production systems in Latin America. A literature review was conducted in East Africa to show how CGIAR forage materials are being adopted and used, focusing on the seed system and adoption evidence for Kenya and Uganda. In Tanzania and Vietnam, the ex-ante environmental impacts of livestock systems were evaluated with the CLEANED tool, and baselines were conducted to evaluate environmental footprints of small ruminant production in Ethiopia and the environmental footprint of pig systems in Uganda. These studies provide candidate indicators (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions, water use and soil health) for monitoring ‘unintended consequences’ in future livestock research. Two studies are ongoing of the lessons learned and outcomes from implementation of Index Based Livestock Insurance in Kenya and Ethiopia. A number of other MELIA activities planned across the flagships were delayed by COVID-19 and are also still ongoing. 2.5 Efficiency Strong synergies were sought between FP3 Feeds and Forages, FP4 Livestock and the Environment, and CCAFS to jointly work on greenhouse gas emission assessments, youth integration and gender. This allowed optimal use of the time of the researchers involved in both CRPs and the operational funds available. In FP1 Livestock Genetics, increased investment was made in information technology (IT) solutions to reduce replicated efforts and allow a more agile detection and response to problems in implementation of large scale bilateral projects. Examples include: improved database architecture; use of cloud computing to remove the IT administration overhead; use of database driven dashboards to summarize project status; and integration of the IT systems of partners, notably National Animal Genetic Improvement Institute in Ethiopia and Green Dreams in Kenya and Ethiopia. 2.6 Management of Risks to Your CRP Programmatic: The principal risk facing the CRP is not successfully completing activities before the CRP ends. Failure to do so would not allow results and achievements to be consolidated and the evidence base to be adequately documented, and therefore weaken the case for continuing these research lines going forward. The exceptional confluence of the pandemic and the One CGIAR transition are compounding the typical funding uncertainties and variable staffing and managerial capacities. To address this, the CRP is providing increased support for careful planning of the final year and will be increasing the intensity of monitoring progress to a monthly basis. The importance of successful completion of CRP work to ensure a smooth and successful One CGIAR transition is also stressed. Given the priority to complete activities, the CRP decided to monitor but not act on warnings of a likely significant reduction in W2 funding from the UK government. Contextual: COVID-19 required a number of adjustments in the timing and nature of relevant activities and meeting arrangements to minimize delays or adapt deliverables. The development of integrated interventions in Priority Countries has been most affected, with their final objectives now scaled down accordingly. To address continued travel restrictions, we are relying more on national partners and consultants on-site, but with challenges for quality assurance. 18 2020 CRP Annual Report Institutional: While CIAT’s merger with Bioversity was potentially disruptive to its contribution within the CRP, including demands on staff time and implications for contractual arrangements, it was carefully managed to not affect CIAT’s participation within the CRP. 2.7 Use of W1-2 Funding W1/2 funds were used to support key research activities and leverage bilateral support across all 5 flagships. For example: • Poultry facilities and graduate students in Ethiopia (FP1); • Project on dairy cattle phenotypes at ILRI Kapiti ranch in Kenya (FP1); • Increased partnerships for research on virus-transmitted, zoonotic tick-borne diseases (FP2); • Conceptual work on disease risk models, risk maps and disease impacts (FP2); • Forage seed system analyses in the Latin America and Caribbean, South-East Asia and East African regions (FP3); • A COVID-19 cattle sector analysis in Colombia (FP3); • Forage hybrid breeding (Urochloa humidicola, Urochloa brizantha, Megathyrsus maximus) and development of near infrared spectroscopy equations to estimate nutrition quality parameters of tropical forages (FP3); • Assessment of forage grass germplasm collections for their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions due to their biological nitrification inhibition effect (FP4); • Expansion of work on restoration of agrosilvopastoral production systems to a new site in Northern Tunisia (FP4); • Support to national partners in Tunisia (Office of Livestock and Pastures, Arid Land Institute, and Ecole Superieure d’Agriculture) (FP4); • Foresight activities for better documentation of the role of livestock for economic development in Africa and Asia, based on macroeconomic statistical evidence (FP5); • Baseline survey work in priority country projects (all flagships). 19 2020 CRP Annual Report 3. Financial Summary The budget figures included in Table 13 are as per the submitted POWB 2020. Total expenditure in 2020 was $45.8 million, of which 36% was W1/2 and 63% was W3/bilateral. W1/2 expenditure during the year was 22% lower than budgeted and W3/bilateral project expenditure was 15% lower than budgeted. No Center funds were expected to be required at the planning stage, but an actual expenditure of US$136K was incurred by ILRI as co-financing for bilateral projects. The major reason for underspending was the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which not only reduced operational expenditure (for travel and equipment) but also expenditure by partners on field activities. Implementation of the priority country projects was also hindered by the restrictions on field movements in all countries except Vietnam. 20 2020 CRP Annual Report Part B. TABLES Table 1: Evidence on Progress towards SLO targets (Sphere of interest) SLO Target (2022) Brief summary of new evidence of CGIAR contribution Expected additional Geographical contribution before scope (with end of 2022 location) SLO1: Reduce Poverty 1.1 ADOPTION: 100 million more farm households Updated results for 2020: CIAT’s existing Urochloa hybrids were scaled on Further adoption of have adopted improved varieties, breeds, trees, approximately 100,000 additional hectares in 2020, reaching a total of at least the Urochloa hybrids, •Geographic and/or management practices. 1,100,000 hectares in 30 countries, with the highest areas planted being in on at least 100,000 Scope: Global. Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela), Asia (China, hectares in 15 Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam), and Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, countries, is Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda). At the time of reporting, 2020 data has expected in 2021. not yet been shared by the private sector partner but will be available later in 2021. 1.2 EXIT POVERTY: 30 million people, of which 50% No new evidence in 2020 are women, assisted to exit poverty SLO2: Improve Food and Nutrition Security 2.1 YIELD INCREASE: Improve the rate of yield No new evidence in 2020 increase for major food staples from current < 1% to 1.2-1.5% per year 2.2 MINIMUM DIETARY REQUIREMENTS: 30 million No new evidence in 2020 more people, of which 50% are women, meeting minimum dietary energy requirements 2.3 MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES: 150 million No new evidence in 2020 more people, of which 50% are women, without deficiencies in one or more essential micronutrients 21 2020 CRP Annual Report SLO3: Improve Natural Resources and Ecosystems Services 3.1 WATER AND NUTRIENT EFFICIENCY: 5% increase N/A in water and nutrient efficiency in agroecosystems 3.2 REDUCED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION: No new evidence in 2020 Reduction in ‘agriculturally’-related greenhouse gas emission by 5% 3.3 ECOSYSTEM RESTORED: 55 M ha degraded land No new evidence in 2020 area restored 3.4 PREVENTION OF DEFORESTATION: 2.5 M ha N/A forest saved from deforestation 22 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 2: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) Title of policy, Description of policy, legal Level of Link to sub-IDOs CGIAR cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR (obligatory if Level of Maturity legal instrument, instrument, investment or Maturity Gender Youth Capdev Climate is 2 or 3) or evidence investment or curriculum to which CGIAR Change curriculum to contributed which CGIAR contributed 624 - National The policy has been drafted, Level 1 • Adoption of 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - CGIAR contributions to the technical level policy for with inputs from CGIAR CGIAR materials Significant Significant Significant Significant guidelines for this policy were mainly sustainable cattle scientists. It will be the first with enhanced around improved feeds and forages and production in official document to define genetic gains management systems at primary producer Colombia what environmentally, level. The policy draft (confidential) was economically and socially submitted to the Colombian Ministry of sustainable cattle Agriculture in 2020 but due to COVID-19, production means for priorities changed within the Ministry and Colombia. the revision of the policy was postponed. In 2021, the Ministry will start revising the policy again and hopefully release it before the end of the year. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111099 625 - USAID Participatory rangeland Level 2 • More productive 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR3115 invests USD$30 management (PRM) is an and equitable Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted million in scaling innovation developed by management of up of ILRI and partners in natural resources Participatory Ethiopia. USAID is investing • Increased access Rangeland USD$30 million in scaling up to productive Management PRM through its Resilience assets, including (PRM) in Ethiopia in Pastoral Areas project. natural resources • Enhanced adaptive capacity to climate risks (More sustainably managed agro- ecosystems 23 2020 CRP Annual Report 635 - Ethiopian Ethiopian Biodiversity Level 1 • Increased 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR3271 Biodiversity Institute has a mandate to conservation and Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted Institute conserve national animal use of genetic investment of genetic resources. They resources USD 70,000 in in- have invested in situ conservation implementation of (based on community-based breeding utilization) programs (CBBPs) for low following input systems using the community- ICARDA guidelines. based breeding program guidelines 647 - Climate- The PMDU has expressed Level 1 • Enabled 0 - Not 0 - Not 1 - 2 - Projections of future heat stress expected induced heat the intention to support the environment for Targeted Targeted Significant Principal under climate change were mapped across stress incorporation of heat stress climate resilience Uganda, and published in a peer-reviewed incorporated in issues into government journal article Ugandan policies and strategies and (https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/10 government implementation 8152). Stakeholders ranked risks for men, strategies women and youth along the pig value chain supported by the in Uganda Prime Minister (https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/10 Delivery Unit 7882). Policy actions and messages were (PMDU) distilled and summarized in a policy brief (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110342), which was shared and discussed with high- level policy and decision makers in December 2020 in Kampala (https://livestock.cgiar.org/news/climate- induced-heat-stress-pigs-will-require-joint- action-protect-and-sustain-pig-industry). The event was widely covered by media outlets (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111299). Various stakeholders committed to follow- up actions, including the Ministry of 24 2020 CRP Annual Report Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF), Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE), UNDP, and the World Bank. The PMDU invited the authors for a personal meeting with the Prime Minister early in 2021, expressing the intention to support the incorporation of heat stress issues into government policies and strategies and their implementation (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111190). 662 - Inception The Livestock Master Plan Level 1 • Conducive 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not https://www.ilri.org/news/%E2%80%98lives meeting for the inception process for The agricultural policy Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted tock-master-plan%E2%80%99-launched- development of Gambia was launched in environment transform-meat-milk-and-poultry- The Gambia November 2020. ILRI leads production-gambia Livestock Master the modelling component Plan by the and sits on the technical Ministry of committee (see Agriculture https://www.ilri.org/livesto ck-master-plans for more information). 663 - Inception The livestock master plan Level 1 • Conducive 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not https://www.ilri.org/news/india%E2%80%9 meeting for the development process for agricultural policy Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted 9s-odisha-state-starts-work-livestock- development of the state of Odisha, India, environment master-plan the state of was launched in October Odisha, India, 2020. ILRI leads the Livestock Master modelling component and Plan sits on the technical committee (see https://www.ilri.org/livesto ck-master-plans). 664 - Concept AU-IBAR is now supporting Level 1 • Conducive 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not The work started with Rwanda (follow up of Note design (led the development of LMPs in agricultural policy Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted the previous LMP work) and Egypt, with AU- by the African 11 African countries, by environment IBAR supporting ILRI to develop concept Union Inter- providing technical notes in these 2 countries. There is no public African Bureau expertise itself and funding link for this work at present, but email for Animal correspondence can be shared if needed, 25 2020 CRP Annual Report Resources) for ILRI to co-develop proposals next-generation with these countries. Livestock Master Plans 666 - Nutrition Government of Rwanda Level 2 • Increased access 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR3916 cards developed adopted nutrition cards to diverse nutrient- Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted by ILRI and developed by ILRI and rich foods partners adopted partners (through a Feed by Government the Future Innovations Lab of Rwanda in its for Livestock Systems own community research project) in its own health workers community health workers curriculum curriculum. 668 - The ILRI contribution used a Level 1 • Conducive 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not ILRI staff from the Policies, Institutions and Engagement with methodology adjusted from agricultural policy Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted Livelihoods program, collaborating with the Kenya Dairy Kaitibie et al (2010). The environment Animal and Human Health program, worked Board on ex-ante report on data collected with the Kenya Dairy Board (KDB) on an ex- impact from milk traders will be ante assessment of the planned regulations assessment of finalized in 2021 (delayed governing the dairy sector in Kenya (which proposed new due to COVID-19). include mandatory licensing of various dairy regulations actors, new levies to be imposed and governing the changes in the regulations concerning milk national dairy pasteurisation). The methodology followed sector by Kaitibie et al (2010) was adjusted for this exercise. Data collection was conducted at the level of milk traders and a report will be finalized in 2021. Interactions with the KDB were halted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed in early 2021. 26 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 3: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year (Sphere of Influence) Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report (OICR) Link to Maturity full OICR level OICR3115 - Participatory rangeland management (PRM) being piloted in Kenya and Tanzania covering 246,773 ha of Link Level 2 pastoralists' communal grazing lands, and upscaled in Ethiopia (Updated 2020) OICR3916 - Rwanda government adopts and integrates animal source foods consumption communication materials into the Link Level 1 national maternal and child nutrition curriculum to improve nutrition outcomes 27 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 4: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year Title of innovation with link Innovation Type Stage of innovation Geographic scope (with location) 1078 - Integrated package for sustainable restoration of silvopasture Production systems and Stage 3: available/ ready for National production systems in Tunisia Management practices uptake (AV) 1097 - Toolbox for sustainable rehabilitation of rangelands in arid Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Regional: Central Asia, environments Management practices end of piloting phase) Northern Africa, Western Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa 1704 - Heat stress maps for pigs in Uganda Research and Communication Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Uganda Methodologies and Tools end of piloting phase) 1751 - Updated Tropical Forages Selection Tool Research and Communication Stage 3: available/ ready for Global Methodologies and Tools uptake (AV) 1753 - New forage variety Avena sativa AV25T, “Altoandina” to improve Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Colombia the efficiency of dairy farming systems in the Colombian high tropics uptake (AV) 1754 - Protocol for in-vitro introduction and multiplication of Urochloa Biophysical Research Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global concept (PC - end of research phase) 1755 - Digital imaging as scoring method for spittlebug tolerance in Biophysical Research Stage 3: available/ ready for Global Urochloa humidicola hybrids uptake (AV) 1757 - Proximal sensing of Urochloa grasses to increase selection Biophysical Research Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global accuracy end of piloting phase) 1758 - Root length as proxy for high-throughput screening of Biophysical Research Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global waterlogging tolerance in Urochloa spp. grasses end of piloting phase) 1759 - First record of the presence of the spittlebug Aeneolamia reducta Production systems and Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Colombia (Lallemand, 1924) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Valle del Cauca (Colombia) Management practices concept (PC - end of research phase) 1760 - Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI): Phenotyping of a core Biophysical Research Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global germplasm collection of the tropical forage grass Megathyrsus maximus concept (PC - end of research under greenhouse conditions phase) 1761 - A new genome allowing the identification of genes associated with Biophysical Research Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global natural variation in aluminium tolerance in Urochloa grasses concept (PC - end of research phase) 28 2020 CRP Annual Report 1762 - Population of advanced interspecific hybrids of Urochloa Br12 Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global released to private sector partner for seed production viability study and concept (PC - end of research further registration and dissemination phase) 1763 - Population of advanced interspecific hybrids of Urochloa Br15 Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global released to private sector partner for seed production viability study and concept (PC - end of research further registration and dissemination phase) 1764 - Population of advanced interspecific hybrids of Urochloa Bh16 Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global released to private sector partner for seed production viability study and concept (PC - end of research further registration and dissemination phase) 1765 - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a low-cost method for Biophysical Research Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global analysis of the nutritional quality of Urochloa humidicola in breeding end of piloting phase) selections 1769 - New barley variety "Ay" released by National Agricultural Research Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Turkey Systems (NARS) in Turkey uptake (AV) 1770 - 4 new dual-purpose barley elite genotypes shared with the Institut Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Morocco National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) in Morocco for validation concept (PC - end of research and potential release phase) 1771 - 5 new elite feed barley genotypes shared with Lebanese Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Lebanon Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) to start the variety registration concept (PC - end of research process phase) 1772 - 198 new elite multi-purpose barley genotypes for food, feed, Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: India forage, and malt shared with Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley concept (PC - end of research Research (IIWBR) for multi-location testing phase) 1773 - 321 new multi-purpose barley genotypes for food, feed, forage, Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global and malt shared with National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) concept (PC - end of research partners and collaborators for final evaluation and potential release phase) 1774 - Forage seed business development for cooperatives in Tunisia Production systems and Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Tunisia using mobile seed cleaning and treatment units Management practices uptake (AV) 1775 - Use of locally available ingredients to produce small ruminant feed Production systems and Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Tunisia in pellet form in Tunisia Management practices uptake (AV) 1789 - 5 new elite food-feed barley genotypes shared with India Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: India concept (PC - end of research phase) 29 2020 CRP Annual Report 1790 - Promotion of cactus pear as a multipurpose crop to enhance the Production systems and Stage 3: available/ ready for Regional: Northern Africa, livelihood of poor farmers in dry areas of Northern Africa and Western Management practices uptake (AV) Western Asia Asia 1792 - New barley variety Guldeste released by National Agricultural Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Turkey Research Systems (NARS) in Turkey uptake (AV) 1797 - New knowledge on antibiotic resistance genes in Ethiopian Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Ethiopia indigenous chickens concept (PC - end of research phase) 1851 - New knowledge on major genetic switches that took place during Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global the evolution of modern buffaloes. concept (PC - end of research phase) 1853 - New information on the ancestry of modern South American Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Regional: South America chicken concept (PC - end of research phase) 1854 - New knowledge on the evolutionary history of domestic chickens Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global concept (PC - end of research phase) 1855 - New knowledge on the demographic history of sheep Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global concept (PC - end of research phase) 1856 - Ovine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Y- Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global chromosome male-specific region concept (PC - end of research phase) 1857 - New knowledge on how wild introgression shapes the adaptive Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global genome landscape of native populations. concept (PC - end of research phase) 1859 - New knowledge on the origin of domestication genes in goats Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global concept (PC - end of research phase) 1862 - Identification of causative mutation for the white coat phenotype Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global in swamp buffalo. concept (PC - end of research phase) 1863 - New knowledge on divergent domestication traits in swamp and Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global river buffalo concept (PC - end of research phase) 30 2020 CRP Annual Report 1865 - New knowledge on how dairy cattle milk yield is affected by heat Production systems and Stage 1: discovery/proof of Multi-national: Ethiopia, stress, in smallholder systems in East Africa. Management practices concept (PC - end of research Tanzania, the United phase) Republic of 1866 - Identification of the most profitable combination of breed-type Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Senegal and management system for smallholder dairy cattle keepers in Senegal concept (PC - end of research phase) 1867 - Newly developed index for genomic breeding value based Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Tanzania, the selection of dairy cattle in Tanzania uptake (AV) United Republic of 1873 - Improved challenge model for contagious bovine Research and Communication Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Regional: Sub-Saharan pleuropnemounia (CBPP) using intranasal spray. Methodologies and Tools end of piloting phase) Africa 1874 - Identification of the relationship between coat color and growth Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Ethiopia performances in Menz sheep concept (PC - end of research phase) 1875 - Methodology to determine the resistance of sheep to infestation Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Tunisia by ticks and infection by piroplasms under field conditions in Tunisia end of piloting phase) 1876 - Breeding programs for goats in pastoral areas of Ethiopia Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 3: available/ ready for National: Ethiopia uptake (AV) 1877 - List of live attenuated vaccine candidates for African Swine Fever Research and Communication Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global (ASF) Methodologies and Tools concept (PC - end of research phase) 1878 - List of candidate subunit vaccine antigens for African Swine Fever Research and Communication Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global (ASF) Methodologies and Tools concept (PC - end of research phase) 1896 - Epidemiology and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants (ECo-PPR) Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global Study Design and Toolbox: A suite of tools toward understanding Management practices end of piloting phase) epidemiology and socio-economic impact of peste des petits ruminants (version 2), 1897 - Training YouTube channel for Epidemiology and Control of Peste Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global des Petits Ruminants (ECo-PPR) toolbox Management practices end of piloting phase) 1898 - Field researcher manual for peste des petits ruminants (PPR) Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global surveys, in French and English Management practices end of piloting phase) 1899 - Risk maps on ticks and tick-borne diseases in sheep in Tunisia Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Regional: Northern Africa Management practices end of piloting phase) 1900 - Risk maps on ticks and tick-borne diseases in dromedaries in Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Tunisia Tunisia Management practices end of piloting phase) 31 2020 CRP Annual Report 1901 - Training and coaching plan for Ethiopian animal health resource Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Ethiopia centre managers Management practices end of piloting phase) 1902 - Guide to integrate community conversation training approach into Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Ethiopia Ethiopian extension system for gender responsive animal health Management practices end of piloting phase) management 1903 - One Health community of practice monthly webinar series Research and Communication Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global Methodologies and Tools end of piloting phase) 1904 - A toolkit to guide facilitation of multi-stakeholder platforms in Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Ethiopia Ethiopia Management practices end of piloting phase) 1906 - A practical guide to herd health management in pigs, dairy and Production systems and Stage 3: available/ ready for Global small ruminants Management practices uptake (AV) 1907 - Improved sporozoite neutralization assay for East Coast fever Biophysical Research Stage 1: discovery/proof of Regional: Eastern Africa concept (PC - end of research phase) 1946 - Mainstreaming of participatory systems modeling Social Science Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global end of piloting phase) 1955 - Gender at scale (feminization of agriculture project and Livestock Social Science Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global Master Plans) concept (PC - end of research phase) 1956 - Using community conversations on animal health as a Gender Social Science Stage 3: available/ ready for Global Transformative Approach uptake (AV) 1957 - Women's Empowerment in Livestock Business Index (WELBI) tool Social Science Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global concept (PC - end of research phase) 1958 - A mobile app for recording children's food consumption and Mid- Social Science Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - National: Kenya Upper Arm Circumference data in Kenya end of piloting phase) 1959 - Process to better involve men in social and behavioural change Social Science Stage 1: discovery/proof of National: Rwanda communication, Rwanda concept (PC - end of research phase) 1970 - Livestock productivity module for the Rural Household Multi- Research and Communication Stage 1: discovery/proof of Global Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) Methodologies and Tools concept (PC - end of research phase) 1971 - COVID-19 module for the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey Research and Communication Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - Global (RHoMIS) Methodologies and Tools end of piloting phase) 32 2020 CRP Annual Report 1972 - Pig Smart integrated extension system (combining genetics, health, Research and Communication Stage 1: discovery/proof of feed and environmental components) for the pig value chain in Uganda Methodologies and Tools concept (PC - end of research National: Uganda phase) 1976 - Across-country genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Sub-Saharan Genetic (varieties and breeds) Stage 1: discovery/proof of Regional: Sub-Saharan Africa concept (PC - end of research Africa phase) 33 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 5: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones (Sphere of Influence-Control) FP FP Outcomes 2022 Sub-IDOs Summary narrative on Milestone 2020 Brief Explanation Link to evidence progress against each FP milestones outcome this year. status F1 F1 Outcome: Outcome • Increased A mobile application to 2020 extended to Extended The genome data will be - 1.1: conservation and capture dairy cattle 2021 - 1.1.6 Baseline used to investigate genetic Data on livestock diversity use of genetic performance, and provide genome diversity, structure and and systems, including resources feedback, was developed and characterization relationships, and from a gendered lens, • Closed yield gaps is in use by more than information of signatures of selection used to develop or refine through improved 140,000 farmers in Ethiopia, existing small associated with traits of genetic improvement and agronomic and Kenya and Tanzania ruminants economic and adaptive / or conservation animal husbandry (milestone populatnions significance. Such strategies by practices 1.1.7). Baseline genome including genome information can be used to policymakers, national characterization data for sequencing available formulate appropriate research and sheep and goats in Ethiopia for Ethiopia, Sudan, breeding and conservation development partners, (milestone 1.1.6) was Tanzania strategies. In Ethiopia, the and the private sector, in collected but analysis and data has been generated for 5 CRP priority countries writing up are ongoing, so this sheep (analysis completed and other locations. milestone was extended. The and manuscript drafted, for evidence for identification of publication in 2021) and for genomic regions strongly goats (analysis is ongoing by associated with tolerance to a PhD student, but was not Theileria parva infection in completed due to a delay in cattle was delayed due to sequencing the samples and issues with the patenting political conflict in Tigray process, so this milestone where the student was (1.1.8) was also extended to based). It is unlikely that a 2021. publication will be available for goats before the end of the CRP in December 2021. For Sudan, the data was generated but is owned by a national partner and not available to the Flagship 34 2020 CRP Annual Report until it is published. For Tanzania, sampling was not possible in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this, we have changed the milestone from Ethiopia, Tanzania and Sudan to Ethiopia only and extended it to 2021. 2020 - 1.1.7 Farmer Complete Completion of a mobile https://hdl.handle.net/ friendly mobile application to capture dairy 10568/98250 application for dairy cattle performance and https://hdl.handle.net/ cattle performance provide feedback to 10568/108942 data capture and farmers, which is being used https://www.adgg.ilri.o feedback developed by 140,000 farmers across rg/uat/auth/auth/login and in use in Ethiopia Ethiopia, Kenya and https://portal.adgg.ilri. and Tanzania by a Tanzania. org/ minimum of 2000 farmers in each country. 2020 extended to Extended The genomic regions have - 2021 - 1.1.8 been identified, but the Identification of deliverables - a journal genomic regions article and patent strongly associated application - have been with tolerance to delayed due to procedural Theileria para issues with the patenting infection in cattle process. This is expected to be resolved in the first half of 2021. F1 Outcome: Outcome 1.2 • Closed yield gaps Updated breeding objectives 2020 - 1.2.4 Complete Despite significant efforts, a https://cgspace.cgiar.or Genetic improvement through improved and selection Availability of zebu x genotyping company willing g/handle/10568/89717 strategies for improved agronomic and indexes have been developed taurine admixture to commercialize this assay 35 2020 CRP Annual Report livestock genetics animal husbandry for the dairy cattle breeding SNPs chips for has not been found. The implemented by national practices program in East Africa, which screening of dairy results of the assay are research and • Increased will be cattle crossbreed in however published, and development partners, livelihood used by the breeding program Ethiopia and stakeholders will be able to and the private sector in 6 opportunities moving forward (milestone Tanzania by August use this information to CRP priority countries and • Increased 1.2.6). Successful 2018. utilize the assay should other locations. conservation and establishment of breeding they wish to do so. use of genetic programs has been achieved resources for pastoral production systems (milestone 1.2.5, ongoing). The milestone of availing a zebu x taurine admixture single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for determining the underlying breed composition of cross- bred dairy cattle is complete (milestone 1.2.4), despite not being able to find a company interested in commercializing this tool as was originally intended (this will be revisited in the future). 2020 extended to Extended The paper on framework for - 2021 - 1.2.5 Breeding community-based breeding strategies for programs in pastoral pastoral production regions has been submitted systems established and is being reviewed. We in Ethiopia and expect this to be published Sudan in 2021. 2020 - 1.2.6 Breeding Complete The breeding objective and https://africadgg.files. objectives defined associated selection index wordpress.com/2020/0 36 2020 CRP Annual Report for smallholders has been developed and 8/adgg-tzn-index- dairy production stakeholders trained on its 2020.pdf systems in Eastern use. https://portal.adgg.ilri. Africa and used to org/sites/default/files/ select future ADGG-training-PRA- breeding values by dodoma-202012.pdf the private sectors and governmental breeding companies. 2020 extended to Extended Extended due to - 2021 - 1.2.7 National inability to obtain genetic improvement stakeholder input in 2020 strategy for pigs in resulting from Covid-19 Uganda endorsed by related issues, including stakeholders travel restrictions. The ministry has requested ILRI to convene a joint stakeholder workshop in 2021 where this can be addressed. F1 Outcome: Outcome 1.3 • Technologies Through a public-private 2020 - 1.3.3 A Complete 7 reproductive https://repo.mel.cgiar. Business models for that reduce initiative, business models for network of platforms have been org/handle/20.500.117 multiplication and women`s labor fixed-time (synchronized) reproductive established in Ethiopia and 66/10835 delivery of improved and energy artificial insemination for technology labs to 2 in Tanzania (as previously livestock genetics, to expenditure enhanced delivery of improve fertility and reported). Additional resource poor women and adopted improved dairy cattle genetics the delivery of reproductive platforms men livestock keepers, • Adoption of to farmers in emerging dairy improved genetics were planned in Ethiopia in implemented by national CGIAR materials regions of Kenya and Tanzania established for sheep 2020, but this was delayed research and with enhanced were developed and in Ethiopia (9 due to the Covid-19 development partners, genetic gains implemented (milestone laboratories) and pandemic and it is unclear and the private sector in • Increased 1.3.4). A network of goat in Tanzania (2 whether this will be possible five CRP priority countries livelihood reproductive technology labs, laboratories). in 2021. We thus propose and other locations. opportunities run by National Agricultural to change the milestone to Research Organizations "A network of reproductive 37 2020 CRP Annual Report (linked to small ruminant (SR) technology labs to improve community-based breeding fertility and the delivery of programs run by co- improved genetics operatives), were established established for sheep in to improve delivery of Ethiopia (7 laboratories) and improved SR genetics to SR goat in Tanzania (2 keepers in Ethiopia and laboratories)". This Tanzania (milestone 1.3.3). milestone is thus changed Due to ongoing technical and complete. difficulties, ILRI has not been successful in producing a transgenic trypanoresistant calf and the related milestone (1.3.6) has been cancelled. 2020 - 1.3.4 Business Complete The models for fixed-time https://cgspace.cgiar.or models for delivery and conventional artificial g/handle/10568/11114 of improved genetics insemination technologies 9 relevant to Ethiopia, have been designed and Tanzania, and Kenya successfully piloted in established by Kenya. October 2019 and tested in Kenya 2020 extended to Extended The project activities were - 2021 - 1.3.5 First delayed due to the indigenous ecotype unreliability of external egg recovered from suppliers, enhanced by cryopreserved PGC COVID-19 restrictions. To overcome this, the project established its own chicken flock, which extended the delay. The deliverable is now expected to be produced in 2021. 38 2020 CRP Annual Report 2020 - 1.3.6 First Cancelled This deliverable has - transgenic encountered unexpected trypanoresistant calf technical difficulties born at ILRI facility compounded by the departure of the lead scientist. Work on this is suspended pending new funding and staff. F1 Outcome: Outcome 1.4 • Increased Scaling of the Community- 2020 extended to Extended This upscaling was - Women and men livelihood based breeding program in 2021 - 1.4.2 initiated in 2020 but resource poor livestock opportunities Ethiopia was initiated and will Community-based progressed slower than keepers sustainably • Adoption of continue in 2021 (milestone breeding program expected due to the COVID- utilizing improved CGIAR materials 1.4.2, ongoing). This is a upscaled in four 19 pandemic restricting livestock genetics, both with enhanced follow up of the piloting that regions of Ethiopia access to the field, and productive and adapted, genetic gains has been completed, with the (Amhara, Oromia, conflict in the Tigray region. in 3 priority countries and • Technologies focus being dissemination of South and Tigray) Due to this delay and other locations. that reduce improved (for both productive with more than uncertainties around women`s labor and adaptive attributes) sires 10,000 households whether this can be and energy from established CBBPs participating achieved in 2021, we expenditure through both natural mating propose to change this adopted and artificial insemination to milestone to "Community- the base population. based breeding program upscaled in three regions of Ethiopia (Amhara, Oromia, and South) with more than 3,000 households participating". This milestone is thus changed and extended. F2 F2 Outcome: Outcome 2.1 • Reduced Additional evidence has been 2020 - 2.1.2 The Complete The peste des petits https://www.youtube.c Assessment tools for livestock and fish generated on the importance findings from the use ruminants (PPR) tools have om/channel/UC5VTqbJ significance of animal disease risks of endemic diseases, to of assessment tools been used by 70 national Dapg7bnPSfiZT1rw?vie diseases and risk maps for associated with contribute to changing the for significance of level researchers, papers on w_as=subscriber emergence of animal discourse on animal health animal diseases and models accessed (check https://hdl.handle.net/ 39 2020 CRP Annual Report diseases are used by 100 intensification and priorities. The peste des petits risk maps for altmetrics), 10568/109077 local and national and 50 climate change ruminants (PPR) assessment emergence of animal endemic/production https://hdl.handle.net/ international research tool has been launched and diseases are used by diseases taken up as an 10568/109075 partners and donors to used by a wide group of 75 national and 25 important issue in the ILRI https://hdl.handle.net/ prioritise research and stakeholders outside the international 2025 research agenda, and 10568/106625 development CGIAR. Other important research partners data generated used in the interventions to reduce achievements are: the and major donors, in Global Burden of Animal livestock disease risks for mapping of sheep and both priority disease project (University livestock keepers. dromedary ticks in Northern countries and other of Liverpool). The original Africa including locations, to milestone was overly characterization of the prioritise research ambitious, particularly given dynamics and phylogeny; and and development the disruption caused by the identification of knowledge interventions COVID-19 pandemic. The and information gaps about milestone target was respiratory diseases of swine therefore revised to 15 in Africa as well as economic national and 8 international impacts of the various research partners and major pathogens. All these are donors, which has been helping policymakers to make achieved. better prioritize animal health activities. 2020 extended to Extended Due to COVID-19 there was n/a 2021 - 2.1.7 limited access to the lab. Epidemiological data on Bluetongue Virus (BTV) prevalence from various areas in Kenya provided by ILRI Scientist to the scientific community and public services 2020 extended to Extended Extended due to delays n/a 2021 - 2.1.8 related to COVID-19. Data 40 2020 CRP Annual Report Harmonised data collection had started in collection for gender most sites, but was delayed sensitive modelling by approximately 8 months. for peste des petits ruminants (PPR) control in high risk transboundary areas implemented in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Senegal, Mali and Burkina Faso 2020 - 2.1.9 Tick Complete We have successfully https://repo.mel.cgiar. distribution in North characterized the dynamics org/handle/20.500.117 and East Africa of ticks in sheep and 66/12505 mapped dromedaries, their https://repo.mel.cgiar. phylogeny and also the org/handle/20.500.117 main tick-transmitted 66/12299 diseases in these 2 https://repo.mel.cgiar. important livestock species org/handle/20.500.117 in drylands. 66/12411 https://repo.mel.cgiar. org/handle/20.500.117 66/10838 https://repo.mel.cgiar. org/handle/20.500.117 66/12319 https://pubmed.ncbi.nl m.nih.gov/32854747/ F2 Outcome: Outcome 2.2 • Closed yield gaps Experiences on integrating 2020 - Tool to Complete A herd health management https://cgspace.cgiar.or Context specific herd through improved interventions has been made determine herd framework has been g/handle/10568/11050 health management agronomic and in different production health packages for developed and published by 2 packages adopted by animal husbandry systems (pigs in Uganda, all the pig value chain in the flagship and is being https://cgspace.cgiar.or farmers, extension and practices species in Vietnam, small rolled out in Ethiopia in g/handle/10568/11042 41 2020 CRP Annual Report animal health workers in ruminants and dairy in Uganda developed dairy and small ruminants 6 priority countries and Ethiopia). The flagship has by the end of 2018. and in pigs in Uganda. https://hdl.handle.net/ other locations. launched a freely available 10568/108309 guide to herd health management for dairy, pigs and small ruminants and developed a digital tool (mobile app) to monitor productivity parameters in livestock. 2020 - 2.2.3 Critical Complete The https://pub.epsilon.slu. short-comings in pig primaryshortcomingsidentifi se/17468/ herd health in ed are: reproductive Uganda identified by management, parasite Flagship researchers control and feed quality as presented in this thesis. 2020 extended to Extended Travel to Uganda was not n/a 2021 - 2.2.5 Herd possible due to COVID-19, health services in resulting in delays. pigs used and evaluated in Uganda 2020 - Integrated Complete Vaccination and deworming https://hdl.handle.net/ herd health at community level, 10568/110498 interventions in small combined with capacity https://hdl.handle.net/ ruminants in Ethiopia development through 10568/110213 implemented community conversations, is https://hdl.handle.net/ being implemented. 10568/110398 (Monitoring is ongoing, https://cgspace.cgiar.or some evidence has been g/handle/10568/10714 published in early 4 community conversation https://hdl.handle.net/ modules). 10568/109885 42 2020 CRP Annual Report F2 Outcome: Outcome 2.3 • Reduced Three different kinds of 2020 - 2.3.2 Cancelled This milestone was n/a Livestock keepers have biological and trainings on using Policymakers in at cancelled, since during the necessary knowledge of chemical hazards antimicrobials in a responsible least two priority course of the CRP it has anti-microbial resistance in the food system and prudent way have now countries engage in become evident that we do (AMR) and anti-parasitic • Closed yield gaps been successfully established discussion on AMR not have a comparative resistance (APR) to through improved and rolled out in priority monitoring-based on advantage in this area. change their practices agronomic and countries. The emphasis now the research outputs accordingly, piloted in two animal husbandry is on making this Capacity priority countries (Uganda practices Development material and Vietnam). available to a larger audience.The AMUSE tool to assess antimicrobial use was used in Uganda, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Benin, and Kenya, with more stakeholders expressing interest. The long-term impact of trainings in Ethiopia on prudent use of antimicrobials will be assessed in 2021. 2020 - 2.3.4 Potential Complete In Uganda a first round of Report at SLU Global areas identified for trainings (hybrid virtual and https://hdl.handle.net/ interventions for on-site) was completed, 10568/111658 improvement of the with two more scheduled in https://cgspace.cgiar.or use of antibiotics in 2021. Training material has g/handle/10568/10795 three CRP countries been made available online. 7 In Vietnam one round of https://hdl.handle.net/ training with 20 vets and 10568/107007 110 farmers on antibiotic use took place. In Ethiopia trainings were provide though community conversations, which will continue in other CRP sites in 2021 through the priority 43 2020 CRP Annual Report country program. This will enable us to monitor changes in attitudes and practices. F2 Outcome: Outcome 2.4 • Closed yield gaps 2020 extended to Extended Work with partners was put https://hdl.handle.net/ National and international through improved 2021 - 2.4.3 Research on hold due to COVID-19, 10568/111289 research partners, agronomic and partners use novel but a presentation on government agencies and animal husbandry assays and point-of- literature review of rapid the private sector use 2 practices There has been considerable care diagnostics in nucleic acid based novel diagnostic assays progress in the laboratories priority countries diagnostic technologies was and vaccines for control of regarding development of produced. ASF, CBPP, CCPP, ECF and vaccines for African swine PPR in at least 6 countries. fever (ASF) as well as East Coast fever (ECF). However, the planned validation and further testing of this progress by partners or in the field was halted due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. 2020 extended to Extended The commercial n/a 2021 - Agreements company IDvet has taken up with at least 2 the contagious bovine private partners to pleuropneumonia (CBPP) commercialise elisa diagnostic developed improved diagnostic by ILRI and partners. A tests for CBPP in prototype kit has been Kenya, Uganda, developed by IDvet but Ethiopia, Tanzania have yet to decide on and Mali by the end commercialization of this of 2018. test. A market-needs analysis for the lateral flow 44 2020 CRP Annual Report CBPP test is ongoing under the bilateral Transformation of Animal Health Services and Solution in Low to Middle Income Countries (TAHSSL) project, for which data has been generated but not yet fully analyzed. 2020 extended to Extended Eleven viral genes have Lab books, Donor 2021 - Production of been prioritized for testing reports recombinant viral as subunit vaccines using vectors expressing 8 AdHu5 and MVA as African swine fever vaccination vehicles. Five virus (ASFV) antigens AdHu5 constructs have for testing in pigs been made. This is an outsourced activity to the Jenner Institute and has been delayed because of COVID-19. 2020 extended to Extended Ten modified candidate n/a 2021 - 2.4.11 Several attenuated viruses were African swine fever constructed using virus (ASFV) vaccine CRISPR/cas9 technology. candidates produced, This is a gene editing with 30 tested for technology by which genes attenuation in pigs can be deleted to obtain and at least 2 tested attenuation. An attenuated in protection vaccine consists of live, experiments whole bacterial cells or viral particles which have been treated to reduced their virulence so they can be used safely to provoke an immune response. Testing 45 2020 CRP Annual Report of these vaccine candidates in pigs was delayed in 2020 because of COVID-19. 2020 extended to Extended A qPCR test using the n/a 2021 - Improved in- Theileria parva p104 gene vitro assays systems has been validated. to measure Sporozoites and host cells correlates for East for infections have been Coast fever (ECF) stockpiled and antibodies to test in the neutralization assay have been purified. Validation of this test was delayed because of COVID- 19. F2 Outcome: Outcome 2.5 • Closed yield gaps Market analyses and analyses 2020 extended to Extended Evaluation of developed https://cgspace.cgiar.or Improved access to through improved of the role of the private 2021 - 2.5.3 models delayed because of g/handle/10568/11009 livestock-related health agronomic and sector in delivery of animal Government, COVID-19. An article was 0 services and products for animal husbandry health services in general, and development and published on the role of https://hdl.handle.net/ female and male livestock practices vaccines in particular, has private sector gender in adoption of the 10568/111329 keepers in the 4 priority • Technologies provided crucial information actors? use tested infection and treatment countries (Ethiopia, that reduce to policy makers in some sustainable delivery method in the control of Tanzania, Uganda and women`s labor priority countries. In other models to provide East Coast fever in Kenya Vietnam) and energy countries, these analyses have products and and a gender context expenditure been delayed due to COVID- services to livestock analysis conducted for the adopted 19 but are ongoing. keepers in 4 priority One Health for Humans, countries Environment, Animals and Livelihoods (HEAL) project. 2020 extended to Extended An analysis of the role of https://www.ilri.org/ne 2021 - Market for the private sector for ws/private-sector-can- diagnostics in Kenya, delivering vaccines in Kenya deliver-veterinary- Uganda, Tanzania, has been concluded as has a vaccines-kenya-1 Ethiopia and Mali study of willingness to https://hdl.handle.net/ assessed and cost vaccinate and pay in Mali. In 10568/106167 46 2020 CRP Annual Report effectiveness of other countries, these producing analyses have been delayed thermostable PPR due to COVID-19. vaccine analysed by July 2018. F3 F3 Outcome: Outcome 3.1 • Closed yield gaps The access to our databases 2020 - The ICARDA Cancelled The Animal Feed Analysis https://afawa.icarda.or - Local, national and through improved has increased since the Animal Feed Analysis Web Application (AFAWA) g/ international research and agronomic and Animal Feed Analysis Web Web Application has progressively development partners, animal husbandry Application (AFAWA) and (AFAWA) has incorporated new the private sector, practices Tropical Forages v2 were reached at least functionalities to enhance decision-makers and • Technologies released. Feed constraints 5,000 users by the user friendliness. Portfolio livestock producers are that reduce were analyzed in several end of 2018. for the AFAWA web able to diagnose feed women`s labor countries in Africa and Asia by application system is constraints and and energy using the (gendered) Feed undergoing development to opportunities and to expenditure Assessment Tool ((G-)FEAST). enable handling of effectively prioritize and adopted We pilot tested the animal laboratory analysis target feed and forage diet balancing tool (OFA) in requests. Codes have been interventions, resulting in: India and placed it in the developed and configured a 10% improvement in Google Playstore - now we to enhance security and utilization of feeds and will extend its use to other cope with vulnerabilities. forages, a 20% increase in countries. We updated the Meanwhile integration with animal production using Sub-Saharan Africa feeds MEL is ongoing; Total improved feed and forage database ‘SSA Feeds’ which visitors are now at 20,456. technologies, a 10% now contains the nutritive accuracy increase for values of over 44,000 samples biomass and quality of some feeds commonly used estimation and at least in the region. 250,000 annual visitors to global databases, repositories, interactive tools and maps and the Tropical Grasslands/Forrajes Tropicales journal website. 47 2020 CRP Annual Report 2020 - 3.1.12 Access Complete The online journal Tropical https://hdl.handle.net/ of research partners Grasslands-Forrajes 10568/111104 to CRP generated Tropicales published 3 www.tropicalgrassland knowledge on issues in 2020. The new s.info forages increased version and mobile app of https://hdl.handle.net/ through 3 issues of the Tropical Forages 10568/111102 the Tropical Selection Tool were www.tropicalforages.in Grasslands journal launched in 2020, fo (January, May, contributing to increased September) and 1 user numbers. released and updated tool (SoFT) 2020 - 3.1.13 Feed Complete We made legacy Feed https://livestockdata.or Assessment Tool Assessment Tool (FEAST) g/data-object/what- (FEAST) and data from 14 countries livestock-eat-low-and- Gendered Feed publicly available as middle-income- Assessment Tool (G- visualizations or for data countries FEAST) are applied by download. Our project https://cgspace.cgiar.or non-CGIAR partner in ‘Nourishing g/handle/10568/11152 researchers in at Prosperity Alliance’, Land 4 least 1 priority O’Lakes Venture37, is now country (Vietnam) routinely using FEAST and 2 other countries assessments to guide its (Burkina Faso and work in Kenya and Tanzania Rwanda) and will make reports available to us for publishing on CGSpace in 2021. We have finalized FEAST data collection and developed intervention plans for Vietnam. 2020 - 3.1.14 2 Complete The Tropical Forages Tool https://hdl.handle.net/ Updated Selection of was consulted by on 10568/111102 48 2020 CRP Annual Report Forages for the average 120,000 users every www.tropicalforages.in Tropics (SoFT) and month. As reported, total fo AFAWA tools being visitors to the Animal Feed https://afawa.icarda.or used by at least Analysis Web Application g/ 100,000 users (AFAWA) are now 20,456. https://play.google.co globally We pilot tested the animal m/store/apps/details?i diet balancing tool (OFA) in d=org.ilri.ilrifeedadviso India and made it available r on Google Playstore, with https://feedsdatabase.i plans underway to adapt it lri.org/ in Rwanda. We updated the Sub-Saharan Africa feeds database ‘SSA Feeds’, which now contains the nutritive values of over 44,000 samples of some feeds commonly used in the region. The values presented will help support the design of scientifically based, best‐cost rations for African livestock nutrition. F3 Outcome: Outcome 3.3 • Closed yield gaps 2020 - 3.3.10 Already Complete CIAT’s existing Urochloa 2019 data on Urochloa - National and through improved available forage hybrids were scaled on hybrids - international research and agronomic and hybrids scaled with approximately 100,000 https://www.slideshare development partners animal husbandry private sector additional hectares in 15 .net/secret/ppHBN2tPB and the private sector are practices CIAT’s existing Urochloa partner in at least 15 countries in 2020. The total ReATb using CRP developed • Technologies hybrids were scaled on countries on 100,000 area sown with CIAT hybrids https://hdl.handle.net/ forage and rangeland that reduce approximately additional hectares is estimated to be 1,100,000 10568/111238 resources (with enhanced women`s labor 100,000 additional hectares (calculated based on hectares in 30 countries in https://hdl.handle.net/ traits), in 30 countries and and energy in 15 countries in 2020. The seed sales). Total 2020. We will get the 10568/111315 reaching producers who expenditure total area sown with area of hybrids evidence data from our https://hdl.handle.net/ plant over 2 million ha, to adopted CIAT hybrids is estimated to scaled will have commercial partner by mid- 10568/109013 increase the rate of be 1,100,000 hectares in 30 reached 1,100,000 2021. New promising genetic gain and exploit countries in 2020. A hectares hybrids were sent to our 49 2020 CRP Annual Report the genetic diversity of new barley variety was private sector forage seed forages and rangeland released in Turkey. A pipeline partner for further trials and species to enhance stress- of new promising release. Over the last four tolerance, biomass hybrids exists for both years (2016-19), 14 ILRI productivity and nutritive grasses and barley - many of accessions have been value. which have been sent to released and registered by public or private sector the Ministry of Agriculture partners for further trials and in Ethiopia. release. 2020 - 3.3.11 10 Complete Four New dual-purpose https://repo.mel.cgiar. Barley genotypes barley elite genotypes org/handle/20.500.117 with higher biomass, shared with Institut 66/12595 higher grain yield, National de la Recherche https://dx.doi.org/20.5 better tolerance to Agronomique (INRA) 00.11766/12560 biotic and abiotic Morocco for validation and https://dx.doi.org/20.5 stresses validated by potential release. Five new 00.11766/12561 NARS partners in elite food-feed barley https://dx.doi.org/20.5 field stations in genotypes were shared with 00.11766/12562 Morocco and Lebanese Agricultural https://repo.mel.cgiar. Ethiopia. Research Institute (LARI) to org/handle/20.500.117 start the variety registration 66/12630 process in Lebanon. Five new elite food-feed barley genotypes shared with India. One new barley variety "Ay", originating from ICARDA germplasm, released in Turkey by NARS. 321 New elite barley genotypes were shared with NARS in Morocco for testing. Ethiopia will receive a special set in 2021. 50 2020 CRP Annual Report F3 Outcome: Outcome 3.4 We made strong advances 2020 extended to Complete A new forage sorghum https://doi.org/10.1016 - New forage and crop with new materials, i.e. 2021 - 3.4.1 variety (CoFS-29) has been /j.cpb.2020.100191 cultivars, superior to local through the release of a new Identified dual- diffused to over 600 https://dx.doi.org/20.5 (based on food, feed and barley variety "Guldeste" in purpose crops (food farmers in India in the initial 00.11766/12562 fodder traits weighted Turkey and and feed) applied by location and has spread to https://dx.doi.org/20.5 according to target the use of the sorghum 100,000 farmers in at several other villages, 00.11766/12561 domains), made available variety "CoFS-29" in India. 321 least one country. though estimates of by development partners, new numbers are not available. government agencies and multi-purpose barley There is an increasing the private sector and genotypes were shared with demand for the seed of applied by farmers in 7 NARS and collaborators in 23 CoFS-29, which is now met priority counties and countries for final by promoting farmers as other locations. evaluation/potential release, seed entrepreneurs. Two which makes us confident of dual-purpose maize hybrids reaching higher user numbers bred under CIMMYT-ILRI soon. Two dual-purpose maize collaboration occupy now hybrids bred under CIMMYT- much more than 100,000 ILRI collaboration now occupy hectares (estimated by seed more than 100,000 hectares production/sales data) in in India. India. 198 new elite multi- purpose (Food, Feed, Forage and Malt) barley genotypes were selected and shared with IIWBR- Karnal for multi-location testing across India. 321 new multi-purpose (Food, Feed, Forage and Malt) barley genotypes were shared with NARS and collaborators in 23 countries for final evaluation/potential release. 51 2020 CRP Annual Report 2020 extended to Complete ILRI contribution: uptake of https://www.ilri.org/ne 2021 - 3.4.5 multi-cut sorghum (CoFS- ws/annual- Identified dual- 29) by a 24,000 strong report/making-milk-in- purpose crops (food women’s dairy cooperative 24-hours and feed), superior in Mulukanoor, India. https://www.forbes.co to local feeds made ICARDA contribution: A new m/sites/andrewwight/2 available by food and fodder barley 020/08/02/how-are- development variety was released in indian-women-using- partners, Turkey (Guldeste) in 2020. milk-and-tech-for- government agencies Testing was done in 2020 by better- and the private collaborators in 23 lives/?sh=c20cb9c45f02 sector and applied by countries by sharing 26 new https://repo.mel.cgiar. 150,000 farmers in at elite food and fodder barley org/handle/20.500.117 least one country genotypes. In Ethiopia, 66/12630 and at least one new more than 460,000 https://cas.cgiar.org/sit additional dual households have adopted es/default/files/images purpose cultivar will new ICARDA barley /Publications/Ethiopia be released and 3 varieties. %20Strategic%20Revie new promising w%20SPIA%202020.pdf cultivars tested in 3 new countries F3 Outcome: Outcome 3.5 • Closed yield gaps 2020 extended to Extended Arrangements are in n/a - National and through improved 2021 - 3.5.6 Training process to ensure activity is international agronomic and and feed certification completed after untimely development partners, animal husbandry system piloted and death of PI. government agencies and practices We made strong advances in monitored in Uganda extension services, the • Technologies India by piloting the and one least cost private sector and that reduce deconstruction diet designed and community-based women`s labor of straws/stovers using steam tested including organisations in 3 priority and energy and chemical treatment aflatoxin binder countries are using CRP- expenditure methods in association inhibition effects related research outputs adopted with the Indian Institute of with private sector for better utilization of • More efficient Chemical Technology. Total and regulatory existing and novel feed use of inputs Mixed Rations for organs in Ethiopia and forage resources. This small ruminants were used by 52 2020 CRP Annual Report will be through (a) a private feed company. Our scalable processing work on training and technologies, (b) feed certification systems in management strategies to Uganda as well as least cost conserve and rehabilitate diets in Ethiopia rangelands and (c) diet had to be cancelled due to formulation that increases the untimely passing of the productivity while ILRI Principal reducing overall feed and Investigator. forage costs and environment impacts. 2020 - 3.5.7 Complete Our results were used by a https://hdl.handle.net/ Commercial least private feed company to 10568/106657 cost diet for formulate commercial Total https://hdl.handle.net/ intensified small Mixed Rations (TMR) for 10568/111121 ruminant fattening in small ruminants. Piloted https://hdl.handle.net/ India developed and the deconstruction of 10568/106826 branded and one straws/stovers using steam pilot treatment and chemical treatment unit/plant methods in association with established in India the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology. F3 Outcome: Outcome 3.6 • More efficient ICARDA developed a suite of 2020 - 3.6.4 Complete ICARDA developed a suite of https://hdl.handle.net/ - Livestock producers in 3 use of inputs best-bet agronomic Agronomic practices best-bet agronomic 20.500.11766/12374 priority countries: apply • Technologies practices to maximize for selected forage practices to maximize https://hdl.handle.net/ management strategies to that reduce productivity and to change accessions developed productivity and to change 20.500.11766/12373 conserve and rehabilitate women`s labor farmers’ attitudes and and made available farmers’ attitudes and https://hdl.handle.net/ rangelands and pastures and energy practices regarding cactus for Lebanon and practices regarding cactus 20.500.11766/12339 while ensuring ongoing expenditure pear in West Asia and North Morocco pear in the West Asia and https://hdl.handle.net/ ability to produce, adopted Africa. Through trainings and North Africa region. 20.500.11766/12338 preserve and store feed dissemination material, end- Through trainings and https://hdl.handle.net/ biomass and use diets users were incentivized and dissemination material, 20.500.11766/12372 that increase productivity trained on the use of end-users were incentivized https://hdl.handle.net/ while reducing overall these practices. 20.500.11766/10558 53 2020 CRP Annual Report feed and forage costs and and trained on the use of https://hdl.handle.net/ environmental impacts these practices. 20.500.11766/11835 (with the environment https://hdl.handle.net/ and livelihoods flagships). 20.500.11766/12321 https://hdl.handle.net/ 20.500.11766/11728 F3 Outcome: Outcome 3.8 • More efficient Strong advances were made 2020 - 3.8.15 Complete Achievements include: https://hdl.handle.net/ - Increased delivery and use of inputs in our business models ICARDA, ILRI and Seminar series (Colombia), 10568/111099 uptake of feed and forage • Closed yield gaps and extension approaches in CIAT in collaboration radio transmissions on https://hdl.handle.net/ resources through proof- through improved all the regions where we work with national and improved forages (Kenya), 10568/111316 of-concept scaling, agronomic and (Central America Caribbean, international forage fact sheets extension https://hdl.handle.net/ business model animal husbandry South America, East Africa, development material (East Africa), 10568/111505 development and value- practices North partners and other lessons learned from https://hdl.handle.net/ chain approaches by • Technologies Africa and Western Asia, value chain actors establishment of demo- 10568/111369 development partners, that reduce South(east) Asia). Although pilot test and plots with improved forages https://hdl.handle.net/ the private sector (feed women`s labor COVID-19 affected our evaluate at least four and field days for farmers 10568/111373 and forage traders, feed and energy work, in many cases we re- extension and dairy cooperatives https://ciat.cgiar.org/ci processors) and (1 million expenditure orientated our efforts to a approaches using (Kenya), extension at-projects/towards- by 2022) farmers across adopted more virtual sphere. A notable new media (e.g. approaches to promote improved-animal-feed- diverse environments in success was the seminar apps, SMS, e- forage cultivation (Kenya availability-in-the-nord- priority countries and series on sustainable livestock learning) in at least 1 and Uganda), forage demo and-nord-est- other locations in Latin in Colombia, which had priority country and plots and farmer training departments-of-haiti/ America, North and East 23,000 visualizations all over 2 other countries (Haiti), Tropical Forages https://hdl.handle.net/ Africa and South and the globe. Selection Tool Training 10568/111498 Southeast Asia. (India), feed training and https://hdl.handle.net/ certification scheme 10568/111383 (Uganda), and e -learning https://hdl.handle.net/ courses on feeds and 10568/110324 forages from ICARDA. https://elearning.icarda .org https://elearning.icarda .org/course/view.php?i d=80 https://elearning.icarda .org/course/view.php?i 54 2020 CRP Annual Report d=83 https://elearning.icarda .org/course/view.php?i d=82 https://elearning.icarda .org/course/view.php?i d=77 https://elearning.icarda .org/course/view.php?i d=81 https://mel.cgiar.org/re porting/outputsreport/i d/8318 2020 - 3.8.16 At least Complete Achievements include: 2 https://hdl.handle.net/ 2 inclusive business cost-benefit analyses 10568/111107 models for forage (Colombia), 4 forage https://hdl.handle.net/ seed production and business cases (Kenya/East 10568/111505 conservation Africa), making money with https://hdl.handle.net/ identified in Uganda, sustainable intensification, 10568/109163 Kenya and Colombia, forage seed business model https://hdl.handle.net/ and 1 existing seed (India), Ethiopian Forage 10568/100484 business model Seed Consortium https://www.icrisat.org evaluated and 1 seed collaboration for drafting /auctions-in-markets- processing business new Quality Declared Seed herald-higher-incomes- model developed for (QDS) guidelines for forages, for-malawis-crop- Tunisia business model for livestock-farmers/ poultry/goat feeding https://hdl.handle.net/ (Malawi), business ideas for 10568/110394 forages (Ethiopia), forage https://mel.cgiar.org/re seed business development porting/report/id/8318 through seed cleaning unit /del_id/23359 (MENA region), feed https://hdl.handle.net/ production in form of 20.500.11766/12323 pellets (MENA region) and https://mel.cgiar.org/re cost-benefit analysis of porting/report/id/8318 55 2020 CRP Annual Report nitrogen use efficiency in /del_id/23348 improved forages. https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/111554 2020 - 3.8.17 Complete The technical baselines https://hdl.handle.net/ Technical basis for developed by the 10568/111099 the Colombian Policy Colombian Roundtable for on Sustainable Sustainable Beef and Dairy Bovine Livestock together with CIAT were submitted to the submitted to the Ministries policy makers in of Agriculture and Colombia Environment in early 2020 and a policy is currently being revised. The COVID-19 pandemic and changed priorities in the Colombian ministries resulted in shifting the initial plan of having a policy in place in 2020 to 2021. 2020 extended to Extended Colombia: There are https://hdl.handle.net/ 2021 - 3.8.18 At least currently 12 Colombian 10568/111099 3 regional multi- Roundtables for Sustainable stakeholder feeds Beef and Dairy in all the and forages main cattle regions of the platforms country. CIAT was involved established in Kenya in establishing them and and at least 10 providing technical regional livestock knowledge support. Kenya: roundtables Due to COVID-19, no functioning on their advances could be made in own in Colombia 2020. F4 F4 Outcome: 4.1 • More productive CLEANED-X (Comprehensive 2020 - 4.1.4 Complete The CLEANED-X version 2 https://dataverse.harva Environmental concerns and equitable Livestock Environmental Technology has been downloaded 184 rd.edu/dataset.xhtml?p 56 2020 CRP Annual Report are considered in decision management of Assessment for Improved developers take times. The CLEANED-X ersistentId=doi:10.7910 making across at least 10 natural resources Nutrition, a Secured environmental issues version 3 tool has been /DVN/G0G8IY priority countries and • Land, water and Environment, and Sustainable into account in disseminated in five https://doi.org/10.7910 other locations, by forest degradation Development along Livestock research priority countries (Uganda, Ethiopia, /DVN/4EB5XT national and international (Including and Fish Value Chains) version setting in 5 countries Tanzania, Vietnam and https://ciat.cgiar.org/ci development partners, deforestation) 3 was released, which will Tunisia) and its use by at- government agencies and minimized and allow more users to have national partners projects/environmental extension systems, reversed access to the application. The documented. -assessments-of- including technology • Increased tool has been disseminated in livestock-systems- developers seeking to resilience of agro- five countries (Uganda, using/ improve cattle, small ecosystems and Ethiopia, Tanzania, Vietnam https://alliancebioversi ruminant and pig communities, and Tunisia). tyciat.org/news_and_bl production. especially those ogs/virtual-trainings- including for-sustainable- smallholders livestock-production/ https://cleanedtraining .netlify.app https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/111300 https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/110323 https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/110578 https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/111409 https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/111490 https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/111491 https://hdl.handle.net/ 10568/111446 https://doi.org/10.7910 /DVN/4EB5XT F4 Outcome: 4.2 Targeted • Agricultural Several reports were 2020 - 4.2.2 Complete RHoMIS and the bilateral solutions are used by systems diversified produced on heat stress Quantification of funded Livestock Yield Gaps: 57 2020 CRP Annual Report research and and intensified in impacts in East and West environmental Increasing household https://cgspace.cgiar.or development partners, ways that protect Africa. The Rural Household impacts guides the nutrition security and g/handle/10568/10830 across at least 10 priority soils and water Multi-Indicator Survey development and incomes (LiveGAPS) project 4 countries and other • Reduced net (RHoMIS) database was used selection of analyses have contributed locations, to increase the greenhouse gas in two different analyses that productivity- to the completion of the productivity of cattle, emissions from looked at pathways to enhancing options by milestone this year. The link small ruminants and pigs agriculture, forests sustainable intensification and at least one research on the right is to an article in the face of ongoing and other forms of trade-offs. and development on Rwanda. Work in other environmental changes. land-use partner in three countries is reported under (Mitigation and priority countries to milestone 4.1.4. adaptation identify win-win achieved) options • Land, water and forest degradation (Including deforestation) minimized and reversed 2020 - 4.2.4 Extended Analyses conducted of heat https://cgspace.cgiar.or Quantification of stress impacts in East and g/handle/10568/11129 environmental West Africa, but so far 9 impacts guides there is only evidence of https://cgspace.cgiar.or development/ uptake of research results in g/handle/10568/10788 selection of one country (Uganda). Work 2 productivity in other countries was enhancing options in delayed due to the COVID- five countries 19 pandemic. F4 Outcome: 4.3 • More productive Rangeland management 2020 - Five Complete The flagship has been https://hdl.handle.net/ Government agencies and and equitable interventions continue to be sustainable developing a toolbox for 20.500.11766/11918 development partners at management of disseminated through the rangelands sustainable rehabilitation https://hdl.handle.net/ local and national levels natural resources Sustainable Rangeland interventions in and management of 20.500.11766/11830 across at least 10 priority Management Toolbox. Kenya, Tanzania, rangelands in arid https://hdl.handle.net/ countries and other Tunisia and Ethiopia environments based on an 20.500.11766/12331 locations are promoting are identified, tested integrated and https://hdl.handle.net/ 58 2020 CRP Annual Report environmental and disseminated to multidisciplinary approach. 20.500.11766/10498 management options. livestock producers Additional sustainable https://hdl.handle.net/ by the end of 2018. rangeland management 20.500.11766/11832 (SRM) practices were https://hdl.handle.net/ completed in partnership 20.500.11766/11900 with IUCN including grazing management and direct seeding. More SRM practices will be added in 2021, when the toolbox is expected to be completed. In Tunisia, science-based rangeland monitoring and evaluation became the standard since national partners (development agencies) sensed the urgent need to improve their methodology and requested technical backstopping from ICARDA, provided in the form of on-the-job training. This behaviour change is directly linked to their conviction of the need to rely on scientific data (4 criteria) developed earlier under this CRP, which are now being taken up by government agencies in Tunisia for sustainable management of the restored rangeland sites. Furthermore, 2 ISI papers were published in 2020 related to rangeland 59 2020 CRP Annual Report revegetation and governance. F4 Outcome: 4.5 National • Land, water and We continued to promote the 2020 - 4.5.6 Tools, Complete We published a paper on https://hdl.handle.net/ government agencies forest degradation rangelands agenda in the frameworks and policy engagement about 20.500.11766/12302 across at least 5 priority (Including Global Landscapes Forum. processes for rangeland management in https://avcdkenya.net/ countries design and deforestation) We promote Participatory improved rangeland Tunisia, a blog about 2020/02/20/when- implement key policies to minimized and Rangeland Management governance and Participatory Rangeland participatory- improve the reversed (PRM) through the management Management, a briefing approaches-mess-up- environmental • Increased Rangelands Initiative available in two paper that summarizes your-plans/ management of livestock resilience of agro- countries CGIAR contributions to https://hdl.handle.net/ systems ecosystems and rangeland governance, and 10568/109533 communities, guidelines on PRM. We also https://www.youtube.c especially those made a film documenting om/watch?v=lSiCq- including land use planning for 8jYgI smallholders rangelands in Tanzania. https://hdl.handle.net/ • More productive 10568/109910 and equitable management of natural resources F4 Outcome: 4.6 Evidence • Reduced net An event was organized on 2020 - Feasibility of Extended A study was published on https://cgspace.cgiar.or generated by the greenhouse gas rangelands advocacy and a Index Based expanding IBLI in Ethiopia. g/handle/10568/10896 flagship influences key emissions from study was completed on the Livestock Insurance Feasibility study reports for 4 global livestock agendas agriculture, forests feasibility of Index Based (IBLI) assessed in four Senegal, Niger, Mali and (IPCC, Global agenda for and other forms of Livestock Insurance (IBLI). countries Burkina Faso are being Sustainable Livestock) land-use (More finalized with the World sustainably Bank and the feasibility managed agro- assessment process is ecosystems) underway in Sudan. Delays • Increased were caused both by the resilience of agro- COVID-19 pandemic and ecosystems and issues with remittance of communities, donor funding. especially those 60 2020 CRP Annual Report including smallholders 2020 - Synthesis of Complete We published a paper on https://hdl.handle.net/ practices to consider achieving greenhouse gas 10568/108246 when developing emission reduction targets measurement, in the livestock sector of reporting and Latin America. verification (MRV) for livestock greenhouse gas emissions in Latin America F5 F5 Outcome: 5.1 National • Conducive Outcome 5.1 on 2020 - 5.1.6 National Complete Two Livestock Master Plans https://www.ilri.org/ne and international research agricultural policy analyses to guide livestock and international (LMPs) were started in ws/%E2%80%98livesto partners and policymakers environment related priority setting, research partners 2020, in The Gambia and ck-master- use analyses of livestock- investment and policy use analyses of Odisha (India), while plan%E2%80%99- sector dynamics, development – two Livestock livestock sector training was conducted to launched-transform- investment and ex-ante Master Plans (LMPs) were dynamics, facilitate development of a meat-milk-and-poultry- impact assessments to started (Odisha and The investment and ex- LMP in Kenya (to start in production-gambia guide priority setting, Gambia) and the Kenya LMP ante impact 2021). Partners in the LMP https://www.ilri.org/ne investment and policy was assessments to guide work included CIRAD and ws/india%E2%80%99s- development for the initiated. ILRI engagement in priority setting for FAO, plus national ministries odisha-state-starts- livestock sector in 5 the United Nations Food the livestock sector in the countries of work-livestock-master- priority countries and Systems Summit (UNFSS) in 3 priority countries implementation. plan within the Livestock CRP started early to ensure that the contribution of livestock in sustainable food systems is well recognized. 2020 - 5.1.7 National Complete Similar to the previous https://www.ilri.org/ne partners and their milestone, two Livestock ws/%E2%80%98livesto donors participate in Master Plans (LMPs) were ck-master- new Livestock started in 2020 in The plan%E2%80%99- 61 2020 CRP Annual Report Master Plan Gambia and Odisha (India), launched-transform- development in 3 while training was meat-milk-and-poultry- priority countries, conducted to facilitate production-gambia based on bilateral development of a LMP in https://www.ilri.org/ne support, and begin to Kenya (to start in 2021). ws/india%E2%80%99s- adjust investments Partners in the LMP work odisha-state-starts- accordingly included CIRAD and FAO, work-livestock-master- plus national ministries in plan the countries of implementation. Expecting immediate impact on investment was overly ambitious and will not be achieved during the lifetime of the CRP. F5 Outcome: 5.2 Outcome 5.2 on improved 2020 - 5.2.4 Beta Complete Progress was made on https://hdl.handle.net/ International researchers livestock modelling tools; version of improved enhanced outputs and 10568/106330 and agencies use progress on new models for value models used in the context improved livestock system modeling platforms – chain analysis and of livestock master plans modelling tools and apply multisector and value chain – national livestock (see report). them to new problems to support Livestock Master sector analysis based on their mandate Plans and more developed for areas general impact assessment revised Livestock work, with piloting and Sector Investment application ongoing. Work and Policy Toolkit began (LSIPT)” on the development of the legacy product on training programs that institutionalize use and build capacity. 2020 - 5.2.2 Complete A stand-alone https://hdl.handle.net/ Improved data environmental module that 10568/106330 protocols, impact uses data from the Livestock 62 2020 CRP Annual Report indicators and new Sector Investment and model structures Policy Toolkit (LSIPT) to developed and calculate greenhouse gas documented emissions and water use from livestock has been developed (see report). 2020 extended to Extended The tool will be further n/a 2021 - 5.2.3 Livestock developed in 2021. The lack system modelling of face to face meetings in tools and databases 2020 due to the COVID-19 improved with pandemic reduced national and scientists' opportunities to international brainstorm. partners to fit needs in 3 priority countries F5 Outcome: 5.3 Policy- or • Gender- Outcome 5.3 on gender equity 2020 extended to Extended The work is progressing; the https://osf.io/sjwp9/ decision-makers in 4 equitable control considerations in 2021 - 5.3.3 protocol has been countries use the of productive livestock interventions. We Benchmark published. Extension was packages developed and assets and progressed with integration of publication on required because the the evidence on the resources gender gender and livestock number of papers included benefits of including • Improved considerations across other to identify frontiers in the screening was higher gender equity capacity of women flagships e.g. gender analysis in research and than expected (above considerations In the and young people of intensification development 20,000). There was also development of livestock to participate in in the Uganda pig value chain; published by issues in keeping staff projects and planning at decision-making gender considerations December 2018. motivated during the community and national integrated in community difficult COVID-19 pandemic level (Ethiopia, Kenya, conversations for animal times. Nicaragua, Vietnam) health and management; gender considerations in nutrition interventions in Rwanda; literature review of gender analysis in dairy breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa. We completed a 63 2020 CRP Annual Report review of gender and livestock datasets. 2020 extended to Extended The draft strategy was n/a 2021 - 5.3.2 CRP developed and received Gender strategy comments from members published by June of the CRP Livestock 2018. Program Management Committee. The lead author left for a new role and the strategy wasn't completed in 2020; it will be published in mid-2021. 2020 extended to Extended In Ethiopia and Tanzania, n/a 2021 - 5.3.4 Policy or the "women in chicken decision makers in 2 business" project is working priority countries use with national partners, evidence on the research and private sector, benefits of including to identify ways to get more gender equity women involved in the considerations poultry value chain and increase the benefits they derive from these activities. Field work and stakeholder engagement was delayed in 2021 due to COVID-19 restrictions (Ethiopia and Tanzania) and political unrest (Ethiopia). 2020 - 5.3.5 Gender Complete The community https://hdl.handle.net/ responsive livestock conversations are more 10568/110620 innovations tested about transforming gender https://hdl.handle.net/ and their impact relations but are also about 10568/110090 integrating gender in animal 64 2020 CRP Annual Report assessed in 2 priority health work in Ethiopia. The https://hdl.handle.net/ countries other innovation that was 10568/110127 analyzed is the infection and treatment method (ITM) against East Coast fever in Kenya. F5 Outcome: 5.5 Local and • Increased Outcome 5.5 on nutrition 2020 - 5.5.4 Local Complete For the past four years, in https://avcdkenya.net/ national development availability of sensitive livestock and national partnership with 2020/04/16/diversificat actors, government diverse nutrient- interventions- The Rwanda development actors government departments in ion-of-diets-a- agencies, and the private rich foods National and government health, education and community-led- sector invest in and adopt Early Childhood Development agencies adopt agriculture, the Accelerated solution-that-improves- the most successful Program revised its national tailored options for Value Chain Development nutritional-outcomes- approaches for enhancing Maternal Infant and Young nutritional impact (AVCD) project has been in-kenyas-pastoral- livestock-mediated Child Nutrition (MIYCN) through livestock supporting agri-nutrition communities/ nutritional impact, counselling development, training by community https://cgspace.cgiar.or including institutional cards and adopted one of the including cost- health volunteers (CHVs) in g/bitstream/handle/10 arrangements and Feed the Future Innovation effective institutional communities in Garissa, 568/98538/dialogue_ca behavioural change, in 3 Lab for Livestock Systems arrangements and Isiolo, Marsabit, Turkana rds_ot.pdf?sequence=1 priority countries. (LSIL) nutrition project behavioural and Wajir counties of &isAllowed=y intervention cards for approaches, within Kenya. The CHVs have their own use. A follow up communities in passed on messages to project “Engaging men in Kenya mothers and caregivers supporting maternal and about the value of child consumption of milk and consuming nutritious food other animal source foods in and promoting dietary Rwanda’ was approved diversity to reach by the LSIL as a follow up of households with children the Rwanda Reach nutrition below 2 years of age. These project. efforts have created public awareness on the nutrition value of diverse, safe and nutritious foods that include leafy green vegetables, fruits, tubers, nuts, grains and animal products, 65 2020 CRP Annual Report enabling community members to make informed choices on their food consumption to cover their nutritional needs. Through this work, community ownership and sustainability of agri- nutritional interventions has increased. F5 Outcome: 5.6 Livestock • Increased For Outcome 5.6 on 2020 extended to Extended This will be documented for n/a communities across 4 livelihood technologies and multi 2021 - 5.6.4 Livestock 2021. There were delays in priority countries apply opportunities function of livestock, the communities across implementation in both tested technologies, priority country work in 2 countries (Ethiopia Ethiopia and Kenya in 2020 management strategies Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya) apply due to COVID-19 and institutional and Vietnam was delayed tested technologies restrictions affecting data arrangements, taking the by the COVID-19 pandemic. and management collection. multiple functions of We developed a new module strategies based on livestock into account on livestock productivity for CRP related research the Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) to be used by the priority country teams. F5 Outcome: 5.7 • Reduced market Implementation 2020 extended to Extended This will be documented for n/a Development partners, barriers activities related to Outcome 2021 - 5.7.3 2021. There were delays in private sector and • Increased 5.7 on institutional Development implementation in both government agencies livelihood arrangements were also partners, private Ethiopia and Kenya in 2020 across 4 priority countries opportunities delayed, while the Frontiers sector and due to COVID-19 apply innovative special issue on delivery government agencies restrictions affecting data institutional arrangements systems for improved in 2 priority countries collection. to enhance livestock value chain apply innovative competitiveness and performance progressed. A institutional inclusiveness series of surveys on the short arrangements to term effects of COVID-19 raise 66 2020 CRP Annual Report were conducted and results competitiveness and presented in various inclusiveness forums. 2020 - 5.7.4 A paper Complete The milestone was changed https://hdl.handle.net/ on organizational to include only one value 10568/113067 and business chain, the paper is about approaches for the business approach for improved dairy and small ruminants in Ethiopia. small ruminant livestock value chain performance, based on field testing and impact assessment in 1 priority country 67 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period (Sphere of control) Number Percent Peer-Reviewed publications 227 100.0% Open Access 204 89.87% ISI 194 85.46% 68 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 7: Participants in CapDev Activities Number of trainees Female Male In short-term programs facilitated by CRP 2,314 5,488 In long-term programs facilitated by CRP 8,012 15,116 PhDs 6 4 69 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 8: Key external partnerships Lead FP Brief description of partnership aims List of key partners in partnership Main area of partnership F1 Collaboration on pig genetics in Uganda, including determining breed • BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences • Research composition of pigs kept by smallholders and insights into genetic background of the local pig F1 Collaboration on genomics of chicken and sheep: a number of high • CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences • Research impact publications in 2020 F1 Collaborating on dairy cattle breeding East Africa: in 2020 partnership • GDT - Green Dream TECH Ltd • Capacity Development with this ICT company supporting development of tools for farmer • Delivery driven data capture and feedback using USSD and SMS technology. F1 Collaboration on dairy cattle breeding programs in East Africa: in 2020, • Farm.ink • Delivery development of two digital training courses on dairy cattle management (on calving management and hygiene practices). F1 Collaboration on dairy cattle breeding programs in East Africa: in 2020, • UNE - University of New England • Research demonstration of the feasibility of using low-density marker panels for • Delivery genotype imputation and genomic prediction of crossbred dairy cattle. F1 Collaboration on cattle genomics: access to the knowledges and skills of • SNU - Seoul National University • Research cutting-edge bioinformatician. In 2020, the collaboration resulted in a highly cited Nature Genetics paper. F1 Support to Vietnam priority country initiative: overall project support re • NIAS - National Institute of Animal Sciences • Research partnership and expert knowledge on ethnic minorities; co-ordination • Delivery of all genetics activities F1 Support to Uganda priority country initiative: co-ordination and • Makerere University • Delivery implementation of the community based Artificial Insemination pilot • VS - VetLine services • Research • Capacity Development 70 2020 CRP Annual Report F1 This partner supports small ruminant breeding activities in Tunisia • OEP - Office de l'Elevage et des Pâturages • Delivery (based on introgressing a fecundity mutation into Barbarine sheep) by • Research availing their flock to act as a multiplier herd. F1 Collaboration on reproductive technologies: exchange visits in 2020 • WSU - Washington State University • Research resulted in core spermatogonial stem cell technology being established at ILRI F1 Key partners supporting implementation of community based breed • ARARI - Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute • Delivery programs in Ethiopia and Tanzania: these partners will facilitate • OARI - Oromia Agricultural Research Institute • Capacity Development continuation of the programs on Flagship exit • TARI - Tigray Agricultural Research Institute • Research • EIAR - Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research • TALIRI - Tanzania Livestock Research Institute • MoANR - Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Ethiopia) F1 Collaboration on cattle and poultry genomics (including health • CTLGH - Center for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health • Research genomics), reproductive technologies, bioinformatics F2 Booting of the synthetic genome and cell toxicity assay development • FLI - Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut ( FLI ) • Research F2 Partner in the Transforming Animal Health Solutions and Services • GALVmed - Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines • Delivery (TAHSSL) platform responsible for assessing the demand for a lateral flow test and product and market development via public-private partnerships F2 Leading the vaccine testing of the Sub unit vaccine in the IDRC project • KALRO - Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research • Research Organization F2 Leading the review of Veterinary laws to identify opportunities for • MALF - Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and • Policy private sector investments. Cooperatives (Kenya) 71 2020 CRP Annual Report F2 Implementing partner of HEARD bilateral project in Ethiopia • EVA - Ethiopian veterinary Association • Capacity Development representing the private veterinary sector, working on Continuing • Delivery Professional Development program for Ethiopian veterinary professionals F3 Nourishing Prosperity Alliance: aims to strengthen dairy production in • Land O Lakes • Capacity Development central Kenya by helping smallholder dairy women to advance • Corteva AgriScience sustainable farming practices and to ease shortage of dairy products. F3 Using the Burkina Faso near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument • INERA - Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches • Research for analyzing forage and grain samples in their research projects Agricoles (Burkina Faso) working on sorghum, cowpea, millet, peanut and the African cereal crop, fonio. F3 Developing business around forage seed and feed production in Tunisia • OEP - Office de l'Elevage et des Pâturages • Capacity Development F3 ICAR India: sharing new elite barley lines and phenotyping them for the • ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research • Research benefit of Indian and Worldwide farmers • IIWBR - Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research • Delivery • RARI - Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute • ANGRAU - Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University • BHU - Banaras Hindu University F3 Bonn University: sharing core barley lines from the Global Barley • University of Bonn • Research Breeding Program for drought tolerance phenotyping for gene mining and genomic selection strategies. F3 Forage hybrid scaling in Kenya • Meru Agro Ltd. • Delivery F3 Implementation partnership for forage scaling in Kenya • Send a Cow • Delivery F3 Assessment of forage seed sector (policy, value chains, technology) and • CRS - Catholic Relief Services • Delivery potential to use forages in particular to overcome seasonal feed • Research limitations and avoid future feed emergencies 72 2020 CRP Annual Report F3 Television program for the dissemination of technical knowledge on • iShamba • Delivery tropical forage in Kenya F3 Development of joint proposals on gender, youth and conflict in the • UofG - University of Glasgow • Research forage-based cattle sector of Colombia • bristol - University of Bristol F4 We continue a strong partnership with IUCN on rangelands • IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature • Research management and restoration. • Policy F4 We maintain a strong relationship on rangeland advocacy. • GLF - Global Landscapes Forum • Policy F5 collaboration for Ceres2030 regarding the evidence synthesis • Cornell University • Research https://ceres2030.org/research-teams/ F5 Collaboration on a SPIA funded project on "Demand and Liquidity • UCSC - University of California Santa Cruz • Research Coordination to Foster the Adoption for Livestock Vaccinations: An Experiment with Small-Holder Dairy Cooperatives in Kenya" 73 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 9: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations Brief description of the collaboration Name(s) of Value added collaborating CRP(s), Platform(s) or Center(s) FP1 partnered with CCAFS in relation to small ruminant breeding in Ethiopia and Kenya in climate smart villages. In Ethiopia, CCAFS Kenya: research; the initiative supported dissemination of improved genetics from established community based breeding programs to new Ethiopia: Innovation sites. In Kenya, the initiative supported the introduction of improved indigenous breeds (with one of these breeds - the Red scale-out Maasai - being shown to have superior growth in comparison to other breeds). FP3 collaborated with CCAFS on multiple activities, including: youth capacity building support for the Colombian dairy CCAFS Scientific, efficiency industry; with FP4 on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production, exchange of a wide range of down- scaled climate projections for better assessments, and targeting of adaptation needs and potentials; and development of a policy brief on livestock feed and fodder development in Uzbekistan. Tools for improvement of Genetic Gains in Tropical forages program: Advice on Slow Growth Storage implementation and EiB Efficiency simulations for optimization. Work on the Women’s Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI) Gender Scientific interactions In collaboration with the Genebank Platform, further progress was made in employing molecular technologies to reveal and Genebank Scientific describe the diversity held in CGIAR forage collections. Key outcomes include identifying the association between agronomic performance and nutritional quality traits with regions in the Napier grass genome, which revealed significant variation for forage biomass yield and feed nutritional quality traits in the collection, and identifying molecular markers that can discriminate high biomass yielding Napier grass genotypes. A second initiative on genetic diversity analysis of buffel grass generated a large number of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for genetic analysis of this grass and related species and identified a core collection. The CRP-GLDC invested in high throughput (near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS) phenotyping for fodder quality in breeding GLDC Scientific, efficiency pipelines of sorghum, pearl millet, groundnut and other mandate crops, and collaborated in a learning and support initiative to develop market opportunities that increase the adoption of research outputs. As part of the comparison of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) performance and for cross-validation of instruments, the ICRAF Scientific, efficiency core sample set of 550 validated samples was shared with ICRAF Kenya and used to validate the calibrations on their Bruker and handheld instruments. 74 2020 CRP Annual Report Governance and tenure in pastoral systems. PIM Scientific Joint modelling for livestock and fish master plans WorldFish Scientific interactions 75 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 10: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA) Studies/learning exercises Status Type of study or Description of activity / study Links to MELIA planned for this year (from activity publications POWB) S3033 - A cost-benefit analysis of Completed Ex-ante, baseline The objective was to characterize the efficiency in the use of nitrogen (UEN) https://hdl.handle.net/10 nitrogen-use-efficiency in different and/or foresight of six grasses: Urochloa humidicola, U. hybrid cv cobra, U. hybrid cv cayman, 568/111554 forages in Colombia study U. decumbens, Megathyrsus maximus cv mombasa and Cynodon nlemfuensis with respect to different commercial nitrogen fertilizers. Agronomic, productive and nutritional quality evaluations were carried out at times of maximum and minimum rainfall, and soil samples were taken to determine the flow of soil-plant nitrogen. The findings indicate that the use of nitrogen fertilizers significantly improves the productive performance of forage species. S3034 - Cost-benefit analyses of Completed Ex-ante, baseline The financial viability of two new forage options released in Colombia, https://hdl.handle.net/10 improved forage technologies and/or foresight Avena Altoandina and Arachis pintoi CIAT 22260, were evaluated from an 568/111107 (Avena altoandina, Arachis pintoi study economic perspective. The methodology adopted a discounted free cash https://hdl.handle.net/10 CIAT 22260) in Colombia flow model, estimation of financial feasibility indicators, and an analysis 568/111083 based on Monte Carlo simulation, to consider the risk level of critical https://hdl.handle.net/10 variables. In the case of Arachis, potential impacts of climate change were 568/111087 included in the model. The results provide a valuable information source for livestock producers, extensionists, policy and other actors for making informed decisions on whether or not to invest in these new technologies. S3516 - Lessons from Community On Going Synthesis Community Based Breeding Programs for small ruminants are being Based Breeding Programs in (secondary) study implemented in different sites representing different acro-ecologies and Ethiopia production systems. This study will compile lessons from these different production systems. S3526 - Baseline environmental On Going Ex-ante, baseline Baseline environmental footprint for the Ethiopian small ruminant footprint for the Ethiopian small and/or foresight production system using the Comprehensive Livestock Environmental ruminant production system study Assessment for improved Nutrition, a secured Environment and sustainable Development along livestock value chains (CLEANED) tool. CLEANED is an easy-to-use Excel-based tool that allows users to explore multiple impacts 76 2020 CRP Annual Report of developing livestock production systems. It models the impacts of changes in different livestock enterprises on productivity, land and water use, greenhouse gas emissions and soil health. S3528 - Environmental impacts On Going Ex-ante, baseline Application of the Comprehensive Livestock Environmental Assessment for associated with different types of and/or foresight improved Nutrition, a secured Environment and sustainable Development pig enterprises in Uganda study along livestock value chains (CLEANED) tool in the baseline environmental footprint analyses for the Uganda priority country interventions. CLEANED is an easy-to-use Excel-based tool that allows users to explore multiple impacts of developing livestock production systems. It models the impacts of changes in different livestock enterprises on productivity, land and water use, greenhouse gas emissions and soil health. S3529 - Preliminary ex-ante On Going Ex-ante, baseline Report on application of the Comprehensive Livestock Environmental environmental assessment for and/or foresight Assessment for improved Nutrition, a secured Environment and sustainable Vietnam priority country activities study Development along livestock value chains (CLEANED) tool for Vietnam (baseline footprints). CLEANED is an easy-to-use Excel-based tool that allows users to explore multiple impacts of developing livestock production systems. It models the impacts of changes in different livestock enterprises on productivity, land and water use, greenhouse gas emissions and soil health. S3530 - Ex-ante assessment of On Going Ex-ante, baseline Application of the Comprehensive Livestock Environmental Assessment for farm-level impacts of best-bet and/or foresight improved Nutrition, a secured Environment and sustainable Development forage options in Tanzania study along livestock value chains (CLEANED) tool for the Southern Highlands as part of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) project. The project aims to achieve sustainable intensification of smallholder dairy production through developing appropriate context-specific forage solutions with participating farmers. It builds on CIAT expertise through the use of multipurpose tropical forage genotypes with high nutritional value, resistance to major pests and diseases, and suitability to major physical constraints (e.g. low soil fertility and drought). S3532 - Impact of Community Completed Program/project Paper on the impact of Community Conversations (an ILRI innovation) as a https://cgspace.cgiar.org/ Conversations as a gender adoption or gender transformational approach in small ruminant production in Ethiopia. handle/10568/110213 impact assessment The paper synthesizes change stories and reflections of community 77 2020 CRP Annual Report transformational approach in small members and partners captured in activity reports and the before- and ruminant production in Ethiopia after-community conversation knowledge, attitude and practice surveys. S3533 - Gender perspectives on On Going Program/project A paper describing gendered estimation of actual and potential adoption of the adoption of the East Coast adoption or the East Coast fever (ECF) vaccine among smallholder dairy farmers in fever vaccine in Kenya impact assessment Kenya. S3534 - Study reporting the lessons On Going Synthesis This study, jointly conducted by ILRI and the World Bank (WB), summarizes learned from implementing the (secondary) study the impacts and lesson learned from the Kenya Livestock Insurance Program Kenya Livestock Insurance Program (KLIP), a national level implementation program of the Index Based (KLIP) with the goal of building Livestock Insurance (IBLI) innovation introduced by ILRI in 2010. The study is financial resilience in pastoral aimed at providing guidance to governments/organizations wishing to communities in Africa implement similar solutions and to support the scaling agenda in the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region that the WB, African Development Bank and the European Union launched in 2019. The report will be published by the WB in 2021. S3535 - Study summarizing the On Going Program/project This study summarizes the evolution of index-based livestock insurance outcomes of Index Based Livestock evaluation/review (IBLI) in Ethiopia, showing how the innovation introduced by ILRI in 2012 Insurance (IBLI) implementation in has been adopted by the United Nations World Food Program in the Somali Ethiopia and its transition toward a region and is now under consideration for a nationwide government-led national policy agenda initiative. The study also highlights the role of ILRI in creating a conducive environment for IBLI adoption and scaling. S3536 - Evaluation of the use of On Going Qualitative The study proved that Interactive Voice Recording (IVR) is an innovative way https://www.frontiersin.o Interactive Voice Recording (IVR) Outcome Study: to deliver important advisory information, such as biosecurity messages, to rg/articles/10.3389/fvets. for dissemination of biosecurity (mainly to farmers. The scalability of IVR could further be explored and its feasibility 2021.611263/abstract messages on pig health in Uganda substantiate assessed for wider use by the extension systems in Uganda and elsewhere. contribution to policy or similar) S3537 - Assessment of Completed Synthesis This paper shows that stakeholder engagement in the vaccination process https://cgspace.cgiar.org/ sustainability options for (secondary) study through facilitated Innovation Platforms (IP) was successful in fostering handle/10568/105820 Innovation Platforms (IPs) in Mali participation of farmers and increasing vaccine coverage in Mali. However, a sustainable vaccination strategy for Mali would benefit from consolidating 78 2020 CRP Annual Report the IP model, supported by Government investment to strengthen and adjust the underlying public-private-partnership. S4085 - Impact of Girinka program Completed Correlates of The Government of Rwanda and its partners (including ILRI) have since 2006 https://cgspace.cgiar.org/ on child nutritional status and adoption/impact been implementing a livestock asset transfer program, “Girinka”, to improve handle/10568/110200; household food security study incomes, nutrition, soil fertility and social integration. Evidence of the https://livestocklab.ifas.uf impact of the program on nutrition outcomes was lacking, so a study was l.edu/media/livestocklabif undertaken to compare nutrition outcomes in Girinka households with asufledu/pdf-/Nutrition- those who are eligible for Girinka but have not yet received a cow. The study-brief_LSIL-JH- results have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal but a brief is clean.pdf available. 79 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 11: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations Name of Recommendation Text of recommendation Status of Concrete actions taken for By whom When Link to the number response to this this recommendation evidence evaluation recommendation CRP 2020 1 CRP quality managers need to ensure that On Going Sensitization of researchers CRP Program April N/A Review: 100% of peer-reviewed research outputs are and managers on the CGIAR Management 2021 Livestock open access (where commercially possible) requirement for journal Unit and in ISI-indexed journals. articles to be published as Open Access. CRP 2020 2 The CRP should improve the content and Complete No action planned. N/A N/A N/A Review: consistency of communications products and Livestock ensure a clearer association of content with research aims. CRP 2020 3 To the extent possible, flagship achievements On Going Follow up with flagship CRP Program April N/A Review: should be pushed to the next level within the leaders on their assessment Management 2021 Livestock remaining time frame - e.g., innovations of the potential for step Unit currently at level 2 should be pushed to level 3, increases in indicators. and policies at level 1 should be pushed to level 2. CRP 2020 4 Exit strategies need to be developed On Going Issue Brief on the fit of CRP Director June N/A Review: immediately to ensure the smooth priority country activities 2021 Livestock continuation of the country programs. Useful within One CGIAR Initiatives lessons from the “Cross-Country Learning Week” should be widely disseminated. CRP 2020 5 The CRP should conduct a strategic review of On Going Capacity Development CRP Capacity June N/A Review: capacity development to provide clear synthesis study Development 2021 Livestock guidance on its aims and on its relationship Advisor with other key actors - such as national universities and national agricultural research systems (NARSs) -in achieving these aims. It 80 2020 CRP Annual Report should review its targets for capacity development, determine how it will measure progress, and align its efforts with national- level needs. CRP 2020 6 For postgraduate students, pooling resources Complete No action planned. N/A N/A N/A Review: between centers and CRPs to create doctoral Livestock training colleges with clear learning structures and research themes/aims would benefit student experience and build a future cadre with a sense of identity aligned to the overall aims of the system. 81 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 12: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2020) Specific examples (including through set aside strategic research funds or partner funds) Broad area of use of W1/2 COVID-19 cattle sector analysis in Colombia Research Forage hybrid breeding (Urochloa humidicola, Urochloa brizantha, Megathyrsus maximus) Research Development of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) equations to estimate nutrition quality parameters of tropical forages Research (crude protein, fiber content, digestibility) Field work to collect additional epidemiological indicators virus-transmitted, zoonotic tick-borne diseases Research Operational expenses for the expansion of work on restoration of agrosilvopastoral production systems to a new site in Research Northern Tunisia Support to national partners in Tunisia to evaluate the impact of high intensity short duration grazing on private Partnerships rangelands and conduct surveys related to agrosilvopastoral production systems and cactus pear Expert workshop to discuss the importance of the genus Hedysarum in pastoral improvement Research Baseline survey work in CRP Livestock priority country projects Other Monitoring, learning, evaluation and impact assessment (MELIA) Foresight activities for better documentation of the role of livestock for economic development in Africa and Asia Other Monitoring, learning, evaluation and impact assessment (MELIA) Project on dairy cattle phenotypes at ILRI Kapiti ranch in Kenya Research 82 2020 CRP Annual Report Table 13: CRP Financial Report Flagship Planned Budget 2020* Actual expenditure 2020* Difference* Comments W1/W2 W3/Bilateral Total W1/W2 W3/Bilateral Total W1/W2 W3/Bilateral Total US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ FP1 - Livestock Genetics 3,844,655 6,104,202 9,948,857 3,340,593 5,586,455 8,927,048 504,062 517,747 1,021,809 - FP2 - Livestock Health 3,896,809 5,498,790 9,395,599 3,180,823 4,488,806 7,669,629 715,986 1,009,984 1,725,970 - FP3 - Livestock Feeds and Forages 3,380,122 4,380,300 7,760,422 2,825,479 3,609,371 6,434,850 554,643 770,929 1,325,572 - FP4 - Livestock and the Environment 2,429,412 2,564,803 4,994,215 2,161,552 2,995,408 5,156,960 267,860 -430,605.00 -162,745.00 - FP5 - Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-Food Systems 3,423,308 15,716,373 19,139,681 2,646,176 12,296,587 14,942,763 777,132 3,419,786 4,196,918 - Strategic Competitive Research grant 2,100,000 0 2,100,000 255,882.00 .00 255,882.00 1,844,118 0 1,844,118 The Strategic Investment Fund budget was deliberately kept to a minimum, to allow the CRP to cover the 2020 budget cut. CRP Management & Support Cost 2,267,198 0 2,267,198 2,318,450 0 2,318,450 -51,252 0 -51,252 - CRP Total 21,341,504 34,264,468 55,605,972 16,728,955 28,976,627 45,705,582 4,612,549 5,287,841 9,900,390 * Source: Lead and partner Centers financial reports (non-audited) 83 2020 CRP Annual Report Annexes Table Annexes FP Detailed Annex F1: Livestock Major pieces of work. The major lines of work supported by the flagship are: (1) genomic selection based breeding programs for cross- Genetics bred dairy-cattle, linked to natural sire and artificial insemination based delivery systems, in Tanzania and Ethiopia; (2) community- based breeding programs for small ruminants, linked to natural sire and artificial insemination based delivery systems, in Tanzania and Ethiopia; (3) genetic improvement programs based on breed substitution for chickens, linked to distribution systems for the improved breeds, in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Nigeria; and (4) genetic improvement strategy for pigs, linked to community based artificial insemination delivery systems, in Uganda. From this work, 2 policies, 17 innovations and 5 completed milestones are reported. Outcomes and milestones. [1.1] (data). A mobile application to capture dairy cattle performance and provide feedback to farmers was developed and is now used by 140,000 farmers across Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania (1.1.7). Approval is pending for a patent application for genomic regions strongly associated with tolerance to Theileria parva infection in cattle (ECF), which would allow for tolerant animals to be selected using genomic approaches (1.1.8). [1.2] (genetic improvement strategies). Updated breeding objectives and selection indexes (used to rank breeding animals on genetic merit) for the CRP supported dairy-cattle breeding program in Tanzania were completed and henceforth adopted by the breeding program (1.2.6). Breeding programs for pastoral production systems in Ethiopia were successfully established (1.2.5, ongoing, journal paper submitted). The zebu x taurine admixture SNP chip for determining the underlying breed composition of cross-bred dairy-cattle was completed (1.2.4), though the search for a company to commercialize the tool was unsuccessful. A ‘willingness to pay’ study revealed that the chip could be used as part of crossbred bull and cow genomic certification procedures, though current demand is insufficient to incentivize private sector investment. The flagship is exploring ways to combine this SNP chip with other SNP sets that could be used as markers for other traits of importance, to potentially improve its marketability. Meanwhile, the larger subset of the panel is being used to assign the percentage of exotic breed or “dairyness” as part of ongoing bull certification. [1.3] (delivery systems). Here we report the development and testing of mixed private-public business models for sustainable delivery of improved dairy-cattle genetics in emerging smallholder dairy systems in Kenya using the fixed-time artificial insemination technology (1.3.4), including a network of nine reproductive technology labs to disseminate improved small ruminants genetics from the CRP-supported breeding programs for small ruminants in Tanzania and Ethiopia (1.3.3). On production of transgenic trypanoresistant cattle (1.3.6) we were not successful in establishing pregnancies with the ApoL1-modified blastocysts, despite earlier success with ApoL1-modified blastocysts in mice as well as blastocysts derived from unmodified cells of the same line in cattle. This milestone has thus been cancelled. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms responsible before repeating the experiment. 84 2020 CRP Annual Report Innovations. The flagship reported 17 innovations. Of these, two are available for uptake by next users: breeding programs for goats in pastoral areas of Ethiopia; and, newly developed selection index (for ranking of animals on genetic merit) for the CRP-supported dairy- cattle breeding program in Tanzania. Other innovations of note are: new knowledge on the evolutionary history of domestic chickens; quantification of heat-stress effects on dairy-cattle milk yields in smallholder systems in East Africa; identification of the most profitable combination of breed-type and management system for smallholder dairy-cattle keepers in Senegal; a methodology to determine resistance of sheep to infestation by ticks and piroplasms under field conditions; and a demonstration of the feasibility of an across- country breeding program for dairy-cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policies. The flagship reported two policies. One is investment by a national partner in flagship innovations (in-situ conservation of livestock breeds via use of community-based breed approaches, into which the Ethiopian Bioversity Institute invested) and the second is on policy influence in Uganda, where issues of livestock heat-stress are now on the agenda for incorporation into national policies (jointly reported with FP4). Major course corrections. Work on producing cattle transgenic for trypanoresistance was halted (see above). Although the COVID-19 pandemic delayed several flagship activities in 2020, particularly those involving working with communities, we aim to complete these in 2021. Due to ongoing conflict in Tigray, Ethiopia, some delays in our small ruminant breeding programs were incurred. Cross flagship linkages. Key cross-flagship linkages include that with the Livestock Livelihoods and Agri-food Systems Flagship on integrating of gender into flagship activities, and with the Livestock and the Environment Flagship in relation to livestock heat-stress in Uganda (for which a policy was jointly reported). Furthermore, the flagship has collaborated with all other flagships in relation to the CRP priority country initiatives. F2: Livestock CoA 1 (evaluating health constraints and developing tools to assess the significance on animal diseases and disease risk models and Health maps) generated evidence on swine respiratory diseases in Africa, Hepatitis E virus and prevalence of production diseases in pigs in Vietnam, an African Swine fever disease model, disease priorities in Ethiopia and, related to this, discussion of small ruminants for food security. In Uganda, a systematic review was conducted on the status of research on respiratory diseases of swine in Africa and highlighted knowledge and information gaps on epidemiologic aspects, including economic impacts of the various pathogens. A disease transmission simulation model framework developed in Vietnam was adapted to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Lira district, Uganda. To continue work on assessing burden of animal diseases in the long term, ILRI became a key partner in the Global Burden of Animal Disease project, managing the case study in Ethiopia. PPR, with its global eradication program, remained a priority disease and the ECO-PPR survey toolbox was field tested, refined and digitalized. Trainings of field researchers consisted of virtual training sessions, a training manual in both French and English and pre-recorded training sessions that were made available for streaming through a dedicated YouTube channel. In Tunisia, assessment of disease risks potentially caused by ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD’s) resulted in determining an unexpected high seroprevalence of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in 85 2020 CRP Annual Report dromedaries in the Sahara of Tunisia. Zoonotic, virus-transmitted diseases by ticks also revealed the presence in sheep of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Our work on developing risk maps for ticks and tick-borne diseases succeeded in building a model to predict habitat suitability of ticks of Rhipicephalus sanguineus group to raise awareness about ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Tunisia. CoA2 (developing herd health packages to reduce the negative impact of disease) saw the continuation of implementation of herd health packages in Ethiopia. Also in Ethiopia we analyzed factors affecting use of antimicrobials and we showed differences in use patterns in different production systems. A paper on community conversations highlighted the importance of involving communities in defining acceptable solutions. The herd health management framework began roll-out in Ethiopia and Uganda through CRP and bilateral projects and in Uganda linked to a champions training for veterinarians. Five Ugandan pig herd health champions were trained in Uppsala in early March 2020. Also in Uganda, a training module on prudent and efficient use of antibiotics in pigs was developed and is currently running repeatedly. Also, analyses of options for improved herd health management in small pig farms were conducted and a novel tool helped to study perceptions of veterinary drug sellers in Uganda, highlighting important capacity gaps. In Vietnam, 110 farmers participated in two herd health related trainings – one focused on biosecurity, use of vaccine and antibiotics, and the other on farm management. Another training of 108 animal health professionals focused on common animal diseases, biosecurity, vaccines and antibiotics, outbreak investigation and management as well as risk communication. CoA3 (developing vaccines and diagnostics against target diseases – ASF, CBBP, CCPP and ECF) ten modified candidate attenuated African swine fever viruses (ASFV) were constructed using CRISPR/cas9 technology. Based on T-cell assays, eleven viral genes have been prioritized for testing as subunit vaccines using AdHu5 and MVA as vaccination vehicles. For CBPP, we described a novel intranasal challenge model that is less stressful to cattle. A novel way of inactivating CCPP was tested to simplify formulation of a bacterin vaccine. For ECF, we described two nanoparticle technologies to improve the p67C vaccine. In CoA4 (improving access to livestock health products and services) A study on ‘willingness to vaccinate’ and the ‘willingness to pay’ in Mali provided important insights for future policy discussions to increase vaccine uptake. In Ethiopia, Kenya and Somali an in-depth vulnerability assessment was conducted to define the scope of One Health Units to improve service deliveries in pastoralist areas. In Ethiopia, a total 46,000 vaccine doses to prevent pasteurellosis in sheep and goats and PPR in goats were administered, while 28,000 sheep were treated against GI parasites and lungworms in CRP intervention sites. F3: Livestock In 2020, FP3 committed to achieve 15 milestones contributing to six outcomes (3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.8) and two Sub-IDOs (1.3.4 Feeds and and 1.4.2). Thirteen of these milestones were fully achieved while two were partially achieved and extended to 2021. Given the number Forages of milestones, it was not possible to reference them individually in the summary narrative, but they are clearly referenced in this detailed annex. Regarding Outcome 3.1, all four milestones were achieved. For milestone 3.1.12, the Online Journal Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales (TGFT) launched three issues and the new Tropical Forages Selection Tool (TF) was released in August 2020. TF is now being 86 2020 CRP Annual Report used by approximately 120,000 people/month and at reporting, the AFAWA tool was consulted by 17,900 people (milestone 3.1.14). A new animal diet balancing tool was piloted in India and is now available as a mobile app. We updated the Sub-Saharan Africa feeds database, which now contains >44,000 samples of feeds used in the region. (G-)FEAST visualizations were developed with data from 14 countries and (G-)FEAST was used by partners in Kenya, Tanzania and Vietnam (milestone 3.1.13). Regarding Outcome 3.3, both milestones were achieved. For milestone 3.3.10, CIAT’s existing Urochloa hybrids were scaled by the private sector on approximately 100,000 additional hectares in >15 countries (evidence to be made available shortly). Advances were made on Megathyrsus and Urochloa breeding and new generations of Br12, Br15 and Bh16 hybrids were sent to our private seed sector partner for further trials and release. The new forage variety Avena sativa AV25T, “Altoandina”, was released by the Colombian NARS Agrosavia in collaboration with CIAT (Colombian Forages Network). We provided a report on the 14 Napier grass accessions released and registered in Ethiopia since 2016. In collaboration with researchers in China, we sequenced the Napier grass genome, revealing the genetics underlying its rapid growth and productivity, including an abundance of genes involved in photosynthesis and hormone signaling. For milestone 3.3.11, 4 new dual-purpose barley elite genotypes and 321 new elite barley genotypes were shared with NARS Morocco for validation and potential release, 5 new elite food-feed barley genotypes were shared with NARS in Lebanon to start the variety registration process, and the new barley variety "Ay" was released in Turkey. Regarding Outcome 3.4, both milestones were achieved. Two dual-purpose maize hybrids bred under a CIMMYT-ILRI collaboration now occupy more than 100,000 hectares (estimated by seed production/sales data) in India (milestones 3.4.1 and 3.4.5), the new forage sorghum variety “ CoFS-29” has been diffused to >600 farmers in India, 198 new elite multi-purpose (food, feed, forage and malt) barley genotypes were selected and shared with Indian NARS for multi-location testing and 321 new multi-purpose (food, feed, forage and malt) barley genotypes were shared with NARS and collaborators in 23 countries for final evaluation/potential release (milestone 3.4.1). A new food and fodder barley variety (Guldeste) was released in Turkey (milestone 3.4.5). Regarding Outcome 3.5, one milestone was achieved and one extended. Milestone 3.5.6 was extended due to the untimely passing of the principal investigator; most of the planned activities could not be conducted. For milestone 3.5.7, our research was used by a private feed company to formulate commercial Total Mixed Rations (TMR) for small ruminants. We piloted the deconstruction of straws/stovers using steam and chemical treatment methods with the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology. Regarding Outcome 3.6, the only milestone planned (3.6.4), was fully achieved. We developed a suite of best-bet agronomic practices to maximize cactus pear productivity in western Asia and northern Africa. To incentivize their adoption by livestock producers, a series of capacity development activities was conducted, including two videos, two webinars, presentations, manuals, trainings, expert meetings, or posters. Regarding Outcome 3.8, three milestones were completely achieved and one extended. For milestone 3.8.15, several new forages extension approaches were piloted, including radio broadcasts (Kenya) and e-learning courses (global). New extension material was developed (i.e. factsheets, East Africa), and forage demo plots and trainings (Haiti, Uganda, India, Kenya) and a virtual seminar series on 87 2020 CRP Annual Report sustainable cattle (>23,000 visualizations from 18 countries) were organized. For milestone 3.8.16, several business cases were described (Kenya/East Africa, India, Malawi, Ethiopia, middle East and northern Africa, synthesis), focusing on multiple types of forage businesses, including hay making, silage making, pelleting, and seed production. Additionally, various cost-benefit analyses were conducted on integrating improved forages into dairy and beef systems (Colombia) and Quality Declared Seed guidelines for forages drafted (Ethiopia). The technical basis for the Colombian Policy on Sustainable Cattle - developed with involvement of CRP researchers - was submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture and is currently under revision (milestone 3.8.17). Milestone 3.8.18 was partially achieved: The Colombian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef includes twelve independent regional roundtables. The establishment of three regional multi-stakeholder feeds and forages platforms in Kenya was postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19 lockdown measures. F4: Livestock Progress was made towards milestone 4.1.4 (technology developers take environmental issues into account in research priority setting): and the the database of parameterized systems from CLEANED-X version 2 has been downloaded 184 times, while the CLEANED-X version 3 Environment tool has been disseminated in five countries, with usage documented by national partners. The major tool contributing to milestone 4.2.2, quantification of environmental impacts guides the development and selection of productivity-enhancing options, is RHoMIS. Engagement with new partners (eg. McKnight Foundation) has enabled expansion of the tool’s reach to new sites. Work on several analyses to identify pathways for sustainable intensification across different production systems continues, with one new analysis published in 2020. Our work on heat stress is the main contribution to milestone 4.2.4. (quantification of environmental impacts guides development/ selection of productivity enhancing options in five countries). Two articles on quantifying the impacts of heat stress in East and West Africa were published, while a workshop and policy briefing on the potential effects of heat stress on pig production in Uganda were held. Considerable progress was made towards milestone 4.3 (five sustainable rangelands interventions in Kenya, Tanzania, Tunisia and Ethiopia are identified, tested and disseminated to livestock producers). The flagship is developing a toolbox for sustainable rehabilitation and management of rangelands in arid environments based on an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, with additional sustainable rangeland management (SRM) practices completed in partnership with IUCN including grazing management and direct seeding. More SRM practices will be added to the toolbox in 2021, when the toolbox is expected to be completed. In Tunisia, science-based rangeland monitoring and evaluation became the standard since national partners (development agencies) sensed the urgent need to improve their methodology and requested technical backstopping from ICARDA, which was provided in the form of on- the-job training. This change in behaviour is directly linked to their conviction of the need to rely on scientific data (4 criteria) developed earlier under this CRP, which are now being taken up by government agencies in Tunisia for sustainable management of the restored rangeland sites. Furthermore, two ISI papers were published in 2020 related to rangeland revegetation and governance. 88 2020 CRP Annual Report We also have made progress towards milestone 4.5.6 (tools, frameworks and processes for improved rangeland governance and management available in two countries): participatory rangeland management is being promoted through the Rangelands Initiative; a paper on policy engagement about rangeland management in Tunisia was published; a blog on Participatory Rangeland Management was posted; a briefing paper that summarizes CGIAR contributions to rangeland governance was completed; a film documenting land use planning for rangelands in Tanzania was produced; and, guidelines on PRM have been published. Finally, we made progress towards milestone 4.6 with the publication of a study analyzing the feasibility of Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) in Ethiopia. The second contribution is a paper covering a synthesis of practices to consider when developing measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) for livestock greenhouse gas emissions in Latin America. F5: Livestock Regarding outcome 5.1 on analyses to guide livestock related priority setting, investment and policy development, two Livestock Master Livelihoods Plans (LMPs) were started (Odisha and the Gambia), while the Kenya LMP was initiated (milestones 5.1.6 and 5.1.7). ILRI engagement and Agri- in the United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) started early to ensure that the contribution of livestock in sustainable food Food systems is well recognized and balanced. Systems Outcome 5.2, closely linked to outcome 5.1, focuses on improved livestock modelling tools. Good progress was made on new modelling platforms – multisector and value chain – to support LMPs and more general impact assessment work, with piloting and application ongoing, also using online platforms. Work began on the development of the legacy product on training programs that institutionalize use and build capacity. The flagship progressed well with integration of gender considerations across other flagships (outcome 5.3 on gender equity considerations in livestock interventions), as illustrated with the completion of milestone 5.3.5 and a paper on using community conversations to transform gender relations in livestock communities in Ethiopia, including two papers on using a gender lens to improve the uptake of the infection and treatment method in the control of East Coast fever in Kenya ( https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110090 and https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110127). Other progress under this outcome relates to the completion of a review of gender and livestock datasets that provides guidelines for improved collection and analysis of gender data in livestock systems. For the outcome 5.4 on Gender Transformative Approaches, the Women's Empowerment in Livestock (WELI) tool was applied in a project in Ghana and a study initiated on explorations of gender norms around women’s involvement in chicken business in Tanzania. A brief on the gender transformative potential of seed systems was published. The Women's Empowerment in Livestock Business Index (WELBI) was further developed and tested it in Ghana; it is one of the Innovations reported by the flagship. Regarding outcome 5.5 on nutrition sensitive livestock interventions, an OICR is reported regarding the Rwanda National Early Childhood Development Program that revised its national maternal infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN) counselling cards based on research conducted as part of a Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems (LSIL) nutrition project intervention. A follow 89 2020 CRP Annual Report up project “Engaging men in supporting maternal and child consumption of milk and other animal source foods in Rwanda” was approved by the LSIL as a follow up of the Rwanda Reach nutrition project. For outcome 5.6 on technologies and multi functionality of livestock, the priority country work was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A new module on livestock productivity for the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) was developed to be used by the priority country teams. Implementation activities related to outcome 5.7 on institutional arrangements were also delayed, while the Frontiers special issue on delivery systems for improved livestock value chain performance progressed. A series of surveys were conducted on the short-term effects of COVID-19 on the activities (production levels, sales) of livestock keepers and other actors in livestock value chains and results presented in various forums. Milestone 5.7.4 was completed, presenting the case of market sheds as a mechanism to improve market participation and earnings of small ruminant keepers in Ethiopia. 90