. lo. 
SB 
193 '- __ I --
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. ;~2 RETA 5866: Fourth Agriculture and N t~~( ~(y~ ~ 'U.J 
2001 Resources Research at CGIAR Cen ers: 
Developing Sustainable Forage TeChnO{O~1!~.for 
Resource-Poor Upland Farmers in!J sla , (.JN 1/ , 
-- _1 
Forages for Smallholders Project COlECCIQt-l HI5TORlCA 
Six-Monthly Report, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
R. Roolhaert, P. Asis, LH. Binh, R. Bosma, E. Gabonada, F. Gagunada, Ibrahim, P. 
Kenidge, Y. Kexian, T. T. Khanh, E. Magboo, L Moneva, G. Nakamanee, C. Phaikaew, 
V. Phimphachanhvongsod, J. Saguinhon, J. Samson, and V.H. Yen 
p 
/o'¡c13( 
Forages for Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
Table of contents 
Summary 01 Activities ....................................................................................... 3 
1. Project background .... ......... ............................................ ............................. 4 
Objectives and outputs .................................... .............. .... .. ... .. .... .. .. ........................... 5 
2. Achievements against targets in 2001 ........................ ... ............................ 7 
3. Publications ................................................................................................ 11 
Books ........................................... ............................................................................. 11 
Progress reports ................................. .. ......... .. ......... ..... ............... .. ........................... 11 
Papers ........................................... ................ ........................ ..... ... ...... ... ................... 11 
Proceedings .............. ................................................ .. ............................... ... ... ........ .. 12 
News articles ................ .. ............................... .................. ........................... .. ............ 12 
Newsletters ............................................................................... ..... ............................ 12 
Others publications .............. .... .................................................... ..... ......................... 12 
4. International travel 01 project staff ........................................................... 13 
5. Human resources ........ ........ ....................................................................... 13 
FSP co-ordinators and counterparts .......................................................................... 13 
Adresses 01 country offices ........................................................................................ 1 5 
6. Appendices ................................................................................................. 16 
Appendix 1. Training courses and number 01 people trained ............................ .. ....... 16 
Appendix 2. FSP partners trained by other organisations in 2001 ................ ..... .. ....... 22 
Appendix 3. Organisations that FSP has collaborated with in 2001 ........................... 24 
Appendix 4. Trip report East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 8 - 14 July 2001 ....................... 26 
Appendix 5. Financial and social benelits Irom introduction 01 new lorages and 
induced technology changes in East Kalimantan, Indonesia ...................................... 31 
Appendix 6. Trip report Vietnam, 17 - 25 Sep1. 2001 ................... .......... .................... 33 
Appendix 7. Training course on Monitoring and Evaluation 01 the Forages lor 
Smallholders Project .................................................................................................. 35 
Appendix 8. Common and botanical names 01 lorages mentioned in tex! ................. 37 
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Cover photo: In Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam, Panicum maximum has become an 
important fish forage (photo R.Roothaert). 
2 
Forages for Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 Oecember 2001 
Summary of Activities 
At the end 01 2001, the achievements 01 the Forages lor Smallholders Project (FSP) 
were evaluated and compared with the targets set at the beginning 01 the year. Most 
targets were exceeded with a big margin, some by more than 200 %. More than 1500 
new larmers planted lorages in 2001, almost double the number the previous year. The 
total number 01 larmers who have planted lorages in S.E. Asia, in association with this 
and the earlier project, is now around 4000. More than 1.5 million cuttings and splits 
were produced and distributed as planting material to new larmers. In some countries 
larmer groups are the main producers 01 planting material, in other countries it is done 
by individual larmers. The amount 01 seed produced in all countries was more than 7 
tonnes. A total 01 77 training events and lield days were organised lor larmers; and 20 
training courses lor technicians, oflicers and researchers. 
An economist was hired to carry out a socio-economic study in three villages in East 
Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, with our partners Irom Dinas Peternakan. The 
objectives were to assess the impacts 01 the new lorage technologies on livestock 
productivity, labour, and income. Factors con si de red were gender, poverty levels and 
market opportunities. Communities were involved in the assessment using participatory 
methods, and methods lor improving sell-monitoring impacts were identilied. The study 
was concluded with appropriate training sessions lor the communities who participated. 
Additionally, lormal questionnaires were used to assess economic productivity. About 
85 larmers participated in the study. Livestock systems varied Irom stall leeding 
improved goats, grazing under coconuts on improved pasture by Bali cattle, to grazing 
and stall leeding improved lorages to Ongole cattle. The average availability 01 
improved 10rage area was 0.4 ha per larm. Ruminant productivity in the study area 
increased an average 62 % in terms 01 cash income Irom sales 01 livestock and manure. 
In addition to increased animal productivity, on average, 20 % labour input was saved in 
the new lorage systems in terms 01 days worked per year. The saving 01 labour 
amounts to an extra 31 % increased income Irom the livestock system, when time is 
valued in money. The adoption 01 lorages resulted in an average 19 % increase in gross 
margin 01 the livestock systems, and a 78 % increase in household income per days 
spent working in the livestock systems. 
A journalist was hired to appraise and write up the results 01 the FSP in Mindanao, 
Philippines, and in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam. Alter travelling to the sites and interviewing 
larmers, lield workers, and government oflicialS, he wrote three articles lor the popular 
press. In Cagayan de Oro he highlighted the synergy 01 the FSP and the Government 
dairy programme, which has resulted in increased and more regular larmers' income. In 
Malitbog, the environmental benelits 01 lorages were analysed and larmers perception 01 
the participatory methods evaluated. In Vietnam, unconventional ways 01 utilising 
lorages have improved productivity 01 lish, pigs, chickens and ducks. Growth rates 01 
pigs increased lrom 330 g/day without lorages, to 450g/day with improved lorages. At 
the same sites, grass carp led on improved lorages achieved 25 % higher weight 
compared to systems not using improved lorages over a 6 months leeding cycle. 
A course was developed on monitoring and evaluation, based on experiences in 
Vietnam and the Philippines. The modules address the need lor both participatory 
3 
Forages forSmalfholders Projecl, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
methods, involving larmers locus groups, and regular surveys. Analysis 01 data is 
carried out at the locallevel. The FSP produced a publication methods publication, 'How 
to monitor and evaluate impacts 01 participatory research projects', which is a guideline 
containing concepts and methods lor monitoring and evaluation by development 
workers. The booklet 'Developing forage technologies with smallholder larmers' was 
completed in 6 languages (English, Chinese, Indonesian, Thai, Lao and Vietnamese) 
and distributed to field staff in 6 countries. 
Three project staff lrom the Philippines and one Irom Vietnam at1ended a 3 week course 
on participatory research and development, organised by CIP-UPWARD and CIAT. 
Action plans were developed. One field officer Irom Vietnam, one Irom Indonesia and 
one from Thailand at1ended an intensive 6 week English language course in Laos. 
4 
Forages for Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
1. Project background. 
The project "RETA 5866: Fourth Agriculture and Natural Resources Research at CGAIR 
Centers: Developing Sustainable Forage Technologies for Resource . Poor Upland 
Farmers in Asia", in short called the "Forages for Smallholders Project" (FSP). started in 
January 2000. It is funded by the Asian Development Bank lor a period 01 three years. 
The goal 01 the project is: '10 improve the livelihood 01 upland larmers by enhancing 
available feed sources to increase livestock production and strategic use 01 grasses and 
legumes to conserve soil and to enhance nutrient management (ADB', 1999). The 
participating countries are China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines, Thailand and 
Vietnam. 
Objectives and outputs 
The objectives 01 the project are to: 
• Develop sustainable lorage technologies lor resource·poor larmers in upland larming 
systems in Asia. 
• Strengthen the capacity 01 National Agricultural Research Systems in the Bank's 
Developing Member Countries to develop and deliver these technologies to larmers. 
The project has five outputs: 
1. Productive and sustainable lorage technologies lor upland larming systems 
developed and tested by larmers. 
2. Forage technologies extended to other larmers using participatory approaches lor 
scaling-up Irom farm level to the community and provincial levels. 
3. Effective local seed and planting material multiplication systems established and 
operational. 
4. Capability in DMCs lor developing and disseminating forage technologies using 
larmer participatory approaches (FPA) strengthened. 
5. Network lor sharing inlormation among NARSs and in the region continued based 
on the Southeast Asia Feed Resources Research and Oevelopment (SEAFRAD) 
and electronic communications. 
, Asian Development Bank 1999. Proposed Technical Assistance lor the Fourth Agriculture and 
Natural Resources Research at CGIAR Centres. Manila, Philippines. 
5 
Forages for Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
The FSP is co-ordinated by the Centro International de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), 
which is part 01 the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). 
The implementing agencies in the participating countries are: 
China 
Indonesia 
Lao PDR 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Vietnam 
Tropical Pasture Research Centre (CATAS), Hainan 
Dinas Peternakan, Samarinda and Directorate General 01 Livestock 
Services (DGLS), Jakarta 
National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, NAFRI, Vientiane 
Philippine Council lor Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources 
Research and Development (PCARRD), Los Baños, Visayas State 
College 01 Agriclture (ViSCA) and Department 01 Agriculture, Region 10 
Department 01 Livestock Development, Ministry 01 Agriculture and 
Cooperatives, Bangkok 
Nationallnstitute 01 Animal Husbandry (NIAH), Ministry 01 Agriculture 
and Rural Development(MARD), Hanoi 
The project operates in 12 locus sites (table 1), which had been originally developed in 
an earlier project funded by AusAID. 
Table 1. Focus sites in the FSP and dominant larming systems 
Country Province 
Indonesia Easl Kalimantan 
Lao PDR Luang Phabang 
Xieng Khouang 
Savannakhet 
Philippines Misamis Oriental 
Bukidnon 
Cebu and Leyte 
Vietnam Daklak 
Tuyen Ouang 
Thailand Nakornratchasima 
China Hainan 
Focus districV municipality 
Makroman, Samarinda 
Sepaku 11, Pasir 
Xieng Ngeun 
Pek 
Savannakhet 
Cagayan de Oro 
Malitbog 
Cebu City, Tabango 
M'Drak 
Tu Ouan, Phu Lam, Duc Ninh 
Dominan! farming system 
Rain fed lowland, intensive sedentary 
upland. 
Extensive sedentary upland, grasslands. 
Extensive sedentary upland, shon 
rotalian slash and burn . 
Short ratalian slash and burn, intensive 
sedentary upland (rice), grasslands 
Grasslands 
Extensive sedentary upland 
Extensive sedentary upland. 
Intensive and extensive sedenlary upland 
Extensive sedenlary upland, grasslands . 
Intensive sedentary upland. 
Sung Nuen Extensive sedentary upland. 
Baisha, Danzhou and Ledong Extensive sedentary upland. 
6 
Foragas lor Smallholdars Project, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
2. Achievements against targets in 2001 
During the Annual Regional Programme Meeting, held in Samarinda, Indonesia, January 
2001, participating countries began developing workplans tor 2001, tor each locus site 
within the country. These workplans were completed during February and March and 
were published in the proceedings 01 the workshop. Many 01 Ihe workplans had staled 
targel numbers related lo dissemination, lorage multiplication and training activities. In 
Tables 2, 3 and 4, both targets and achievements are summarised tor each country. 
The percentage value in the last row is based on the achievements against target 
numbers set at the beginning 01 the year. In all cases where targets were set, our 
partners provided achievement numbers. However, the data is not complete. In some 
instances target numbers were not set by some countries even though acheivements 
were reported. 
Table 2. Summary 01 achievements in dissemination in 2001 
Counlry Targetl No. 01 No. 01 No. 01 No. 01 No. 01 No. 01 
achiev- POs larmers groups cross larmers new 
ed conduct partic. in (old and visits partic. in farmers 
ed POs new) orga- cross planting 
nised visils forages 
Vietnam T 10 300 12 10 300 250 
A 19 380 92 19 330 664 
Indonesia T 15 320 15 15 50 240 
A 16 396 16 12 83 272 
Thailand T 2 ns' 2 ns ns ns 
A 3 30 4 100 54 143 
China T 6 ns 10 ns ns 90 
A 5 90 10 11 93 73 
Philippines T ns ns ns ns ns ns 
A 46 797 57 40 734 320 
Lao PDR T 15 300 ns 6 ns ns 
A 24 480 na2 5 36 65 
Total target 137 920 39 31 350 580 
Total 151 2173 179 187 1330 1537 
achieved 
Achievement 105 1376 122 36 449 1009 
against set 
targets 
% achieved 77 150 312 116 128 174 
, ns Targets not set 2 na not available 
The achievements tor disseminalion activities in 2001 were excellent with most targets 
being exceeded. A tolal 01 1537 new farmers planted lorages, many more Ihan 
7 
Forages lor Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 Oecember 2001 
originally planned, and double the number the 821 larmers who planted lorages in 2000. 
Together with the 1700 farmers who planted during the previous phase 01 the FSP (1995 
- 1999), the total number 01 larmers planting forages associated with the project are now 
approx. 4000. Many 01 the new larmers in 2001 participated in cross visits to the focus 
sites. Cross visits, in their various lorms, prove to be an eHective way 01 disseminalion. 
Table 3. Summary 01 achievemenls in lorage mulliplicalion syslems in 2001 
Country Targetl New New New Total no. No. 01 Total no. 
achlev- groups individual larmers larmers splits olon-Iarm 
ed produ- larmers produ- produ- produced 
cing producing cing cing 
planting planting seeds seeds 
materials materials or 
or seeds seeds 
Vietnam T 10 
° 
ns 15 160,000 
A 8 
° 
na 13 352,000 
Indonesia T 7 4 ns 15 1,000,000 
A 14 6 na 29 1,100,000 
Thailand T ns 
° 
ns ns ns 
A 2 
° 
na 66 na 
China T ns 
° 
ns ns 10,000 
A 3 
° 
na 16 25.000 
Philippines T 18 12 2 4 
° A 17 37 2 4 30,000 
Lao POR T 10 O 
° 
O ns 
A 10 O O 
° 
na 
T olal targel 45 16 2 43 1,170,000 
Total 54 43 2 128 1,507,000 
achieved 
Achievement 49 43 2 46 1,477,000 
againsl sel 
targets 
% achieved 109 269 100 107 126 
i ns Targets not set 2 na not available 
Vegetative planting materials and seeds were produced both by larmer groups and 
individuallarmers. Seed production is usuaily an individual larmer aclivity. Although a 
total 01 128 larmers were producing seeds, these were moslly larmers who had been 
producing seeds lor more than one year. Seed production is a specialised skill, which 
takes some time to master and to become economically viable. The amounts ollorage 
seeds produced in 2001 in Vietnam, Thailand, China and Lao were 52, 500, 5,380 and 
1,500 kg, respectively. A large part 01 Ihe seed in Lao PDR was produced al Ihe 
8 
nurserles 
lor legume 
seedlings 
O 
O 
2 
5 
ns 
3 
ns 
21 
20 
10 
O 
O 
22 
39 
15 
68 
Forages lor Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 Oecember 2001 
Livestoek Researeh Centre. One and hall mili ion euttings and splits were produced, 
providing an average 01 100 pieces 01 planting material to every new larmer. 
Table 4. Summary 01 capaeity building and other activities in 2001. 
Country TargeU No. 01 No. 01 No 01 No. 01 No 01 NO.of 
achiev- farmer farmers techni- techni- larmers Seafrad 
ed training participate cians' clan s carrying articles 
courses or din training attended out contri-
field days training courses training experi- buted 
conducted courses course ments 
or Ileld 
da~s 
Vielnam T 10 300 20 20 
A 19 390 1 17 20 
Indonesia T 8 140 5 30 10 
A 12 166 9 56 15 
Thailand T 3 70 1 20 ns 
A 2 65 20 13 
China T ns 100 1 7 30 
A 6 175 2 15 30 
Philippines T 23 502 2 14 5 
A 28 1083 2 38 5 
Lao PDR T 10 100 5 28 ns 
A 10 100 5 94 na 
Total large! 54 1212 15 119 65 
TOlal 77 1979 20 240 83 
achieved 
Achievemenl 71 1979 20 240 70 
against sel 
largets 
% achieved 131 163 133 202 108 
I ns Targels nol sel 2 na nOI available 
A total 01 1979 larmers participated in training courses, eross visits, and lield days in 
2001. Although this number is large, it does inelude larmers partieipating in more than 
one training event. In Appendix 2, details are presented 01 all the training events 
organised by FSP. Topics included lorage agronomy, animal nutrition, participatory 
research methods, English language, goat produetion, duek raising, fodder tree 
nurseries, use 01 fodder trees, soil and water conservation, grassland productivity, and 
seed production. Project members also partieipated in training events organised by 
other institutions. These details are presented in Appendix 3. 
A total 01 83 larmers carried out experiments that were either contractual, consultative, 
or collaborative in nature (Table 4). In these experiments, scientists are clearly involved 
9 
O 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
O 
5 
2 
2 
2 
13 
9 
9 
69 
Foragas for Smal/holders Projed, 1 Ju/y - 31 Dacambar 2001 
in the decision making process of the design and implementation of the research. A 
much larger number of experiments were conducted that were collegial in nature or even 
without any structured communication with scientists. Because of this autonomous 
nature, numbers of these experiments could not easily be captured. It is a sign of 
maturity where the initiative and ownership in evaluation activity is taken over by the 
farmers from the facilitators. 
Romu/o Cara/es, chairman of the Paga/ungan cooperative, standing in a plol of Arachis 
pintoi. His milking shed is in Ihe background. 
10 
Forages lor Smalfholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 200 1 
3. Publications 
Books 
Bosma. R.H., Roothaert , R.L. and Ibrahim 2002 . Economic and social benelits 01 new 
lorage technologies in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. CIAT Working Document, Centro 
Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia. 
Cramb, R. , Purcell , T. 2001 How to Monitor and Evaluate Impacts 01 Participatory 
Research Projects: A Case Study 01 the Forages lor Smallholders Project. G/A T Working 
Document No. 185; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical: Cali, pp 55. 
Horne, P.M. and Stür, W.w. 1999. Developing lorage technologies with smallholder 
larmers - how to select the best varieties to offer larmers in Southeast Asia. ACIAR 
Monograph No. 62, Australia, 80 pp. 
Published in English, Chinese, Indonesian, Thai , Lao and Vietnam ese. 
Progress reports 
R. Roothaert, C. Phaikaew, J. Samson, P. Kerridge , E. Magboo, L.H. Binh, 
P. Phengsavanh , Y. Kexian, Ibrahim, T.T. Khanh, P. Asis , W . Nacalaban, J. Saguinhon, 
G. Nakamanee 2001. RETA 5866: Fourth Agriculture and Natural Resources Research 
at CGIAR Centers: Developing Sustainable Forage Technologies lor Resource-Poor 
Upland Farmers in Asia. Forages lor Smallholders Project, Six-monthly report, 1 
January - 30 June 2001, 37 pp. 
R. Roothaert , P. Kerridge, J. Samson, E. Magboo, L.H . Binh , C. Phaikaew, 
P. Phengsavanh, Y. Kexian, Ibrahim, T.T. Khanh, P. Asis, W . Nacalaban, J. Saguinhon, 
G. Nakamanee and A. Schermesser 2000. RETA 5866: Fourth Agriculture and Natural 
Resources Research at CGIAR Centers: Developing Sustainable Forage Technologies 
lor Resource-Poor Upland Farmers in Asia. Forages lor Smallholders Project, Si x-
monthly report , 1 July - 31 December 2000,31 pp . 
Developing Sustainable Forage Technologies lor Resource-Poor Upland larmers in 
Asia, Six-Monthly Report, 1 January - 31 July 2000, Forages lor Smallholders Project, 
15 pp. 
Papers 
Ralph Roothaert , Peter Horne and Werner Stür. 2001. Integrating lorage technologies 
on smallholder larms in the upland tropics. Paper presented at the International 
Workshop "Forage Demand and Adoption by Smallholder Livestock Keepers", June 18-
20, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . 
11 
Forages for Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
Ralph L. Roothaert and Jindra Samson. 2001. Management 01 lorage crops lor 
smallholders in S.E. Asia and its possible implications on the quality 01 larm land. Paper 
presented at the Asian Agriculture Congress, 24 - 27 April 2001 , Manila, Philippines. 
J. Samson and R. Roothaert 2001 . The Challenge 01 Adoption: Scaling-up 01 
Participatory Research in Forage Technologies. Poster presented at the 6th National 
Grassland Congress, Legaspi, Philippines. Awarded with Best Poster Award. 
Proeeedings 
R.L. Roothaert and J.N. Samson, Eds. 2001. Proceedings 01 the Annual Regional 
Programme Meeting 01 the Forages for Smallholders Project, 'Scaling-up 01 participatory 
lorage technology development', Sama rinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 15 - 19 
January 2001, CIAT, Los Baños. 
Horne, P. M., Stur, W.w., Hacker, J. and Kerridge, P.C. (Eds) 2000. Working with 
larmers: the key to adoption 01 lorage technologies. Australian Centre lor International 
Agricultural Research: Canberra, pp 325 
Roothaert, R.L. 2000. Proceedings 01 the Inception Meeting 01 CIAT/ADB Project 
"Development 01 Sustainable Technologies lor Resource-Poor Upland Farmers in Asia", 
17-18 February 2000, Los Baños, Philippines. CIAT, Los Baños, Philippines. 
News artiefes 
Robert Hill. Farming success story in Northern Vietnam. To be published in Affinities, 
ADB Review, Far Eastern Agriculture, or local newspapers. 
Robert Hill . Scientists find success in collaboration with larmers. To be published in 
Affinities, ADB Review, Far Eastern Agriculture, or local newspapers. 
Robert Hill. Forage project sparks brave new venture. To be published in Affinities, ADB 
Review, Far Eastern Agriculture, or local newspapers. 
Ralph Roothaert 2000. Forages lor Smallholders in Asia: CIAT Project begins new 
Phase. UPWARD Fieldnotes Vol. 9(2) p. 9. 
NewsfeNers 
SEAFRAD News, Issue 11, July 2001. 
SEAFRAD News, Issue 10, May 2000. 
Others publieations 
12 
Forages for Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 Oecember 2001 
Forages lor Smallholders Project, 2001 . Internet web pages: www.ciat-asia.org/02-
FSP/Isp.htm . 
Two radio interviews with project stafi were recorded and broadcast in East Kalimantan, 
Indonesia, reaching larmers in all rural areas, 2000. 
4. International travel of project 5taft 
Dates (2001) Traveller Countries visited Purpose 
11 - 21 Jan AII FSP national coordinators Indonesia FSP Annual 
and selected lield workers Programme Meeting 
18 - 26 Feb R. Roothaert, F. Gabunada China Technician's training 
4 - 14 March R. Roothaert Lao PDR Field study 
1 - 9 April R. Roothaert, F. Gabunada Thailand Field study and 
lacilitation 
15 - 25 June R. Roothaert, Ibrahim, C. Ethiopia ILRI workshop 
Phaikaew 
27 - 28 June P. Kerridge, Bounthong Philippines Research priority 
setting meeting 
3 - 7 July Ibrahim, C. Phaikaew Indonesia FAO workshop, 
Manado, Sulawesi 
7 - 15 July R. Roothaert Indonesia Preparation 01 study 
16 - 26 Sep R. Roothaert, J. Samson Vietnam Course on monitoring 
and evaluation 
21 Nov-16 R. Roothaert Colombia CIAT Annual meeting 
Oec 
5. Human re50urces 
FSP co-ordinators and counterparts 
Dr. Ralph Roothaert, Regional Coordinator FSP, Los Baños, Philippines. 
Dr. Peter Kerridge, Coordinator CIAT - Asia, Vientiane, Lao PDR 
Mr. Eduedo Magboo, FSP Coordinator Philippines, Los Baños. 
Mr. Viengsavanh Phimphachanhvongsod , FSP Coordinator, Laos POR, Vientiane 
Mrs. Chaisang Phaikaew, FSP Coordinator Thailand, Bangkok. 
Mr. Le Hoa Binh, FSP Coordinator Vietnam, Hanoi. 
Ir. Ibrahim, FSP Coordinator Indonesia, Samarinda. 
Assoc. Prol. Yi Kexian, FSP Coordinator China, Hainan. 
Mr. Truong Tan Khanh, Oaklak, Vietnam. 
Mr. Willie Nacalaban, Malitbog, Philippines. 
13 
Forages lor Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 200 1 
Dr. Perla Asis , Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. 
Mrs. J. Sahuinhon, Malitbog, Philippines 
Mrs. Ganda Nakamanee, Pakchong, Thailand. 
Mr. Francisco Gabunada, Leyte, Philippines. 
Mrs. Elsie Gabonada, Impasugong, Philippines. 
Mrs. Jindra Samson, Research Assistant , Philippines. 
Mrs. Vu Hai Yen, Tuyen Quang, Vietnam. 
Mr. Leonardo Moneva, Cebu, Philippines. 
14 
Forages lor Smallholders Project, 1 July - 31 December 2001 
Adresses of country offíces 
China 
Mr. Yi Kexian 
FSP 
Tropical Forages Division 
Tropical Field Crops and Animal 
Husbandry Institute 
CATAS 
571737 Danzhou, Hainan 
P.R. China 
Fax: (86-890) 330-0157/0440 
Email: yikexian@yahoo.com.cn 
Indonesia 
Ir. Ibrahim 
FSP 
Dinas Peternakan TK.I Kaltim 
Jalan Bhayangkara No. 54, 
Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75121 
Tel: (62 541) 743921n41642 
Email: ibrahimlsp@smd.mega.net.id 
Laos 
Mr. Phonepaseuth Phengsavanh 
FSP 
Livestock Development Division 
c/o Dept. 01 Livestock and Fisheries 
P.O. Box 6766 
Vientiane, Lao PDR 
Tel (856-21) 222 796 
Fax (856-21) 222 797 
Email: Isplao@laotel.com 
Dr. Peter Kerridge 
CIAT-Asia 
P.O. Box 783 
Vientiane, Lao PDR 
Tel (856-21) 222796 
Fax (856-21) 222 797 
Email : p.kerridge@cqiar.org 
15 
Philippines 
Mr. Ed Magboo 
FSP 
Livestock Research Division 
PCARRD 
4030 Los Baños, Laguna 
Philippines 
Tel: (63-49) 536 0020 
Email: ecmagboo@pcarrd.dost.gov.ph 
Dr. Ralph Roothaert 
FSP Regional Oflice 
CIAT, c/o IRRI 
Domestic Airport Oflice 
P.O. Box 7777 
Metro Manila, Philippines 
Tel. (63-2) 8450563/ 8127686 ext. 
6856 
Fax (63-2) 845 0606/89 1 1292 
Email: r.roothaert@cqiar.org 
Thailand 
Mrs. Chaisang Phaikaew 
FSP 
Division 01 Animal Nutrition 
Department 01 Livestock Development 
Phya Thai Road 
Bangkok 10400, Thailand 
Tel (662)2511941 
Fax (66 2) 250-1314 
Email : Ispthai@ksc.th.com 
Vietnam 
Mr. Le Hoa Binh 
FSP 
National Institute 01 Animal Husbandry 
Ministry 01 Agriculture and Rural 
Development 
Thuy Phuong, Tu Liem 
Hanoi, Vietnam 
Tel (84 4) 8385 022 
Fax «84 4) 8389775 
Email : Ispvietnam@hn.vnn.vn 
Appendix 1. Training courses in 2001 
6. Appendices 
Appendix 1. Training courses and number of people trained. 
Countryand 
Province 
China 
Name of training 
course conducted by 
FSP 
Location Date 
started 
Length 
(days) 
No.of 
field 
workers 
and 
officers 
No.of 
resear-
chers 
No. of Course 
farmers organiser 
(person) 
Hainan Developing forage Danzhou 19·Feb-01 7 13 13 13 Yi Kexian 
technologies with 
farmers 
· · . _ .· _ _ ·o ___ ._ ••• __ • • • • • • • _ _ __________ •• ••• • __ ____________ ••• • ••••• _________ •• •• • • •• • __ _ ___ ____ • •••• • • __ ___ • • __ • ___ •• • • • __________ _ _ _ •• •• ••• __________ __ ____ • • • •• 
Forage growing and Wentou 18·Sep-01 2 4 4 100 Yi Kexian 
animal production for 
smallholder farmers 
- - - - - - - _. _ " " ' •• - - ____ • - - - - - _ ••• ••• - - - __ - - - - - - _ • •• • • •• _ . - ___ , _ ' ••• • - _ • • • • _ . - __ - ___ - _ • • • • • •• •••• 0 •• 0 _ ' O" O '" _ . _ • • __ 0 ___ • O " _ • • • • • • • • • __ _____ • • __ " " "0 ____ 0 . ___ .. 
Indonesia 
East Development 01 forage Samarinda 05·Jun·Ol 10 27 Ibrahim 
... I<a.lirna,nta,n ..... . tElch.n()l.o¡n' .. .. .............. ............... .. .. .. ... .. ..... .... .. ... ... .. ...... .. ..... . .. . .. .... . ........ ..... .. . ........... . ..... . .. . . 
Forage Agronomy Sepaku 12-Jul-01 3 15 FSP 
- - - - - _. - - - - - _ . - _ • ••• • _. - _, __ - - _ , _ _ • - _ . _ " - - - - - __ - _ _ o _ • •• • _ ., - _, - - - - - - _ ••• •• _ .. ' - - _. - - - - - _, . _ • • • • • _, - - - - - - - - - - - _ . - _. _.00 0. _________ __ _ • _ . ____ _ _ ____ _____ • •• • _ ____ ._ 
Agriculture English Vientiane 01-Aug-01 8 IRRI Laos 
..... .... ........ . ... .. :rra,if!i.ng .... .... ... .. .. . .. ...... .. ..... .. ... . ...... ..... . . ... .. ... .... .... ..... .. . .... ............ .. . ... . . .... ... ..... . .... .. .. .......... . 
Animal Nutrition Makroman 09·Aug-01 3 15 FSP 
--_ ... . _.- ._-------- _ .... _-- ------------_ ... . _-- ------------_ . .. . _- ----------_ ... _- _ .. . . _----_._--_ .. __ .. -- - -_._------ ... .. .. ------_._.- -- .. _ . . ------- -- ----_ .. . . 
Measure body weight 01 Makroman,S October- 5 10 75 FSP and 
cattle epaku, Novem consultant 
Samboja 2001 Laa POR ···· · ............. .. ..... ............. .. ... .. .. ........... .. .................. ... ....... ........ ...... ..... ......... ..... .................. .......... . 
Xiengkuang Participatory diagnosis Xiengkuang 29·Jan-01 5 29 FSP/ FLSP 
16 
Countryand 
Province 
Appendix 1. Training courses in 2001 
Name of training Location 
course conducted by 
FSP 
Date 
started 
Length No. of 
(days) field 
workers 
and 
officers 
No. of No. of Course 
resear- farmers organiser 
chers (person) 
Luangphabang Particliaplory extension Luangphaba 09·Apr-01 4 29 FSP/ FLSP 
.. ..... . . ............. ... ................ ...... ........ n.g .. ..... .. . ....... .. .. . . ... ............. . . .. . . .......... .. ... .. .. .. . ...... . .. ... .... .......... .. ....... . . . 
.. . \li.enti¡¡n~ .... ... . !'gro.no.Jl'y . ..... .. ........ . ~~H:nsua.ng .... 0!l-.~ay:O.1 ...... . 6 . .. .. . . .... 3Ei ..... .. . _ ............. . _ ... .. .. F~F'(F!-:?F' .... . .. . 
Philippines 
Misamis Basic Forage Agronomy Mambuaya 28-Mar-01 1 41 FSP-CDO 
Oriental 
. ... . . ... .. ...... . ... . -.. . '" .......... .. _ . ... ........ . ... ... ... . .. _. -_ ... . . .. . " .. .. . ........ . . , , .. ,. _ .... . ... -.. .. _. ,_ . . . _.'- - - - ... .. ", - . .... -" ..... _, ... _ ... _. 
Basic Forage Agronomy Baikingon 02-Apr-01 10" 
.. ' . ... " ... ' _ ... .. ,., . .. . - '" - ..... . . , ... -- ' . .... _. - . -' " . , . . _ ...... - ... .... . .. ........... _ .. . .. ' ... - ' ...... _ . ...... . -- .... -'" -. , ... , .. . . ' ... -" ' . ... . , ' . _ ... _ .. . 
Fodder Tree Nursery Dansolihon, 18-Jun-01 10" 
Management Lumbia, San 
Simon 
"""" " • • " _ • ••••• _ •••• • ' ' o • •• •••• _ ••• _" '0 0 • • ••• • • _ •• _ •••••• , • •• •• • • _ •• _ ••••••• •• • ••• •• _ •• _ •••••• • •• • ••••• _ • •••••• _ _ o • • •• ••••••••••••• • , • • •• • _ •• _ •••• " .0 o • ••• • 
_._ .. .. _ . ....... _ ... .. ~~~i? ~or¡¡ge ~gr.~n.ornx.Tu~~~g.on ... 2~~Ju.~:~1 .. ...... 1 ........ ............ .. _ .. .. . . ... . ..... 1.~ .. . ... ......... ': ... _ ...... . 
" F. S. 03-Jul-01 1 20" 
Catanico 
•• • • •••••• 0 - _ •••• , • ••• •••• _".'._ •• 0' ••• • • • •• _ •• _ •••• _ 0 0 ••• ••• _ •• _ ••••• • _ • • • • • _ ••• _ •••••• _ • • , • •• ••• • •••••• ' _'0 o, • • •••• ••••• o .' - o •• •• • •• ••••• ' _ _ . 0. 0 o "" . _ •••••••• • 
" Tagpangi 13-Jul-01 1 48" 
••• _._, . " ' 0 _ ' _ •• • • •••• _'_."' " o • ••• ••• _ ••• _ •• • _ • • •• • o • • •••••••• • • ••• 0 • •• •••••• _ ••••• •• o •• • ••••• _' •••••• • • 0 •• • 0 _ "' ••• o •••• 0 ' 0 • • _ •••••••• _ • •• • •••• • _ ••• _ ••••• _ •• •• 
Goal Raising Dansolihon 16-Aug-01 1 28" 
• _ •••• _ • • • • o,, • •••• _. _ •••• _' " • • • •• _ •••••• _ •• • ••• •• • • __ ' ••••••• • • • • •• •• •••• " ••••• • _ • •• •• •••••••••••• o • • • • • _ •• • _ •••••• _ __ • • • • • •• " •••••• _ _ • _ ••• • •• _ • ••••• • • _. o •• • •• 
Basic Forage Agronomy F. S. 20-Aug-01 1 31 " 
Calanico 
• •• •• • ••• •••••• _. _ • • •• •• • •• ••••• __ •••• ••• • •• o _. __ •••••• '._ •••• • _ ••• _ ••••• _ •• •• • • • _." __ • _ •••• • •• ••• • • •••• _. _ ••• • • • • •• 0 • •• _". _____ •• • • • _ •• • ' •••• _ •• _ . _ • • •••• _ • ••••• 
Egg lncubation San Simon 18-Sep-01 40" 
• •• ••••• • •• _ •••• • 0 . _ •• •• " . " ._ •• • _ • ••••• • ••• _""' •• •• •• • •• •••• _ ••••••• 0 ••• • • o ' ._ • • ••••• • • • •••• • •••••••••• •• ••• • • •• •••• _ •••• •• •••• •• •• ••••••••••• • ••• • •• _' _" •••• • 
Animal Health and Bayanga 24-0ct-01 42" 
Nutrition 
····· •...• . . . ·.0 -·· ........• • . • .• •.. ..... -- ... 0 • • ..•• .. . _ ........ .• .• •.•.. ........ .•. •.•• .. . _ ... _ •. _ • . • . •• . _ .. _ _ • • .. • •.•. _ ••. .• . . ... _ ..... _ • . • •. • •. __ ._ •.... _ .•• . •. 
Basic Forage Agronomy Dansolihon 12-Nov-01 1 24" 
•• • •• •• ••• • ••••• • ••••• • _o • ••• • •• • ••••• _ •• _ •• 0 • ••• ••• _ • •••••• •• •• " " " " """. _o •• •• • • ••• _ •••••• _ . o •••• • •••• ___ ••••• ••• _ • •• • • •••••••••• •• • • •• _ ._ •• _ •••••• • • • • •• _ •• 
Duck Raising Taglimao 19-Nov-01 1 56 " 
• •• •• •• • " "" •••• • • • •• •• - • • ••••••• - _ • ••• ' . o _ ••• _ •••••• , • • , ••• • • • _ •••••• _ _ • • _ •• •• • _ • ••••••••••••• , • •• •••• __ •••• _' •• • •• •• ••••••••••• ••• • ••• • _' _ ' ••••••• ••• • ' " •••••• 
Importance and San Simon 04-Dec-01 33" 
Utilization 01 Fodder 
Trees and Shurbs 
.... .. - ... .. . . ... -......... .... .. ... .... __ ..... ........ -_.- ... . _ . .. .. .. .. .. ........ _ ........ _ .......... .... ... ...... .. ..... ... .. .. ... -. . .... ... .. .. ... ..... . .... . . . 
17 
Countryand 
Province 
Appendix 1. Training courses in 2001 
Name of training Location 
course conducted by 
FSP 
Date 
started 
Length 
(days) 
No. 01 
field 
workers 
and 
officers 
NO.of NO.of 
resear- farmers 
chers 
Importance and Lumbia 20·Dec-01 1 11 
Utilization 01 Fodder 
Trees and Shurbs 
Course 
organiser 
(person) 
.... " ......... .. ..... 'Importáiice 'áii¿i .... ....... DañsoiÚioñ··· 'Dec: 200 i·········· ·· ·· .. .... ... . ............. .. . .. .. . 3" i ..... ·FSP:CDO"··· ... .. . 
Utilization 01 Fodder 
Trees and Shurbs 
:::~;ik¡d~~:~ ::: : ::::?~::&:~::::: :: : : : : :: :::::::: :~[jº:::::::: ::: :q?~A.üg~0:1::::::::2:: : : ::::::::~::::::::::::::: : :::::::: : ::::: ::::F~?i~ó:or~i~a}~r . 
Cross visit from ICRAF· 29·Nov·01 1 1 22 FSP/MAO 
Laob/Mabuhay/Mindaga Claveria 
........... ...... .. .. . . tlEla.gy.an.g()n/I1.uy~:~.uy~. ... ...... . . .. ... .... .. . . .... ....... . . ..... . ....... .. .... ... .. .... ... . .. . . . .. .. .......... ....... ... ....... . 
Forage Agronomy San Migara 11·Dec-01 2 4 63 FSP/MAO 
.. ........ ..... .. . .. . .. !ra.ifli.ng ........ ..... . . .... .................. .. . . . ....... .............. ... ..... .... .......... . ........ .. .. .... . .. ............... ... ... ... . 
... . ... .. .. .. ... . . ... . . ¡:ar.lT1er.1 fltegr,!-!io!", .. .... . . ~a.n. ~ig.ar? ... 1 ~:º-ec::O.1..... .1 ... .... .. ..... .. ............. . .. . ... .. ~O ..... .F~ F'/1.c::Fl.í\f ..... .. . 
Forage Agronomy Omagling 19-Dec-01 2 4 40 FSP/MAO 
... .. ........... .. ..... !r?ifli.ng ....... ....... .. ........ .......... . . . ... .. .... ................. .. . .. . .... .................... . ... ... . ................... . ... . ... . 
Cross visit from Purok 2 ICRAF- April , 2001 1 2 44 FSP/MAO 
Claveria 
...... ....... ... ... .... C'ro;;s 'visi¡ írom' Patoñg" íCRAF:··· ...... -¡':ügusl,"···· ...... i·· ······ .. . '1 ' ... .. ............. .. .... 4"Ó··· · . FspiMAO" ....... . 
Claveria 2001 
..................... 'C'ros's 'visi¡ írom· ··········· ícRAF:···· ··· "A"ügüst:·· ·· .................. ·1 ····· ·· ................ 34"' " "FspiMAO" " 
SabangaanITagmarayl Claveria 2001 
............... ... ... .. ~~n.IVHgar.a ..... .... . .. ...................... .. ..... .. ................... . .. .. .. . .. ... ............. ....... .. .... .................. . .... . 
Cross visit from Villa ICRAF· August, 1 1 40 FSP/MAO 
Naraeth Claveria 2001 
................ ... .... C'ross~vis¡í'" .... .. .. ...... . BáiEiñ'gas"'" ·¡,:üg·us¡:·········· 5······ .... "4 ..... ....... ............. . s" .. .. 'FSPiCoordina'tor 
2001 
.......... ........ . ' ... C'ros's 'visi¡ í[om'" ..... .. .. ícRAF: ····· .. Jú'ly ioó 1····· ' ... 1" ....... ... '1 " ....................... 54'" . FspiMAO' ... .. .. . 
Tubod/Paitao Claveria 
......•. __ ._ .. . ... . . . . .. ........................ , . .... .. _ ............ _._ . . .. .. .. .. .. __ ......... _ .... _ . .. ... . . _ . ........ ....... ... . ... ..... ...... _--.-_ ...... . .... . 
18 
Appendix 1. T raining courses in 200 1 
Country and Name of training location Date length No.of No. 01 No.of Course 
Province course conducted by started (days) field resear- larmers organiser 
FSP workers chers (person) 
and 
officers 
Cross visit from Siloo ICRAF- June, 2001 2 1 87 FSP/MAO 
Claveria 
---- -- ----------- ---- -- ------------ - - . " ----- ---- --- --------- - -- -- - -- -- - -- --- - -- -- -- ---- --------. -----------------. --------- --- -- -- ------- -- - -- ------ -- - -- -- . --- --- -
Cross visit from Patpat ICRAF- March 2001 1 1 55 FSP/MAO 
Claveria 
-- . ---------------- --- ------- -- -- ---- -- - ------.------------- ----- ------------------ ----------- -- -- - -- - -- _ ... --- --- -- _ . . ---- --------------- ------- ----------------_ . 
Forage Agronomy Sta. Ines March, 2 3 30 FSP/MAO 
..... .... ... ........... J rélillin9 .. .. .... . .. . .. .. .. .... ... .. . ... . ... ..... 2()0.1 ............. .......... ......... .. .... . .. .. . .. ........................ ...... ........ . 
Participatory Oev't. & COO March, 2 4 FSP/Coordinator 
...................... . (3.en.d~ r .Anélly.si? ............ ................ 2()0.1 ...... ...................... .. . .. .. . .. ...... . .................. ........... .......... . 
Thailand 
Nakornratchasi Forage Nakornratch 28-Mar-01 28 PANRC 
ma establ ishment,mgt & asima 
utilization 
-------- ----- -- ----------------- - ---- ---- - ---- --- --_. -.... -.-._--------------- --------- ---------_ . . . ---- --- -- ------ --- ------- ----- ---- --------------------- --- --- --
Recording data & Pakchong 02-Apr-01 7 9 PANRC 
familiarization with 
.. .. .. ... ..... ........ . ¡Jarticip.atory t.<?~I~ .. ...... .. ... ............ ...... .............. . .. .. ......... .. .. .. .. . ... .. . .. ... ....... ....................... ...... . 
Forage establishment, Sung Nuen 21-Apr-01 1 10 PANRC 
.. . .. . ................. rn.gt. &..utilizélti~n .... . .. .... . ... . .. ........... ............................................ ... ... .. .... .. ... . ..... . .................. . ... . 
Forage establishment Khonburi 19-Jun-01 1 30 Amnat 
and management far Oistrict 
.. ................ ..... ~e~d.f)ro.du.cti.on . ............... ... .......... .................................. .. .. .... . .... . . .. .. ... .... .. ............ ............... . 
Forage establishment Buayai 01-Jul-01 1 35 Ganda 
and management tor Oistrict 
......... .............. ~eed. pro.du.cti.on ........ ... .. ... .... .. .. ... . ......... .. .... ............. .. ...... ......... ...... . .. ........... ............. ....... .. . .. . 
Site visit to Pakchong Pakchong 27-Aug-01 1 40 PANRC 
Animal Nutrition Center 
& Pakchong dairy 
tarmers 
19 
Countryand 
Province 
Vietnam 
Daklak 
Appendix 1. Training courses in 2001 
Name of training Location Date 
started course conducted by 
FSP 
Forage agronomy 
management 
M'Drak, Ea 01-May-01 
Kar, CuJut, 
Buon don, 
and Buon 
Ma Thuot 
Length NO.of 
(days) field 
workers 
and 
officers 
30 
NO.of NO.of Course 
resear- farmers organiser 
chers (person) 
384 FSP & DARD 
--- -- ---- -----------------_ ... ----------- - -- - - -------. - ---- -- -_. -- -_ . . .. ..... . -. - _. - - ------ -- - --- --- --_ .. -------... _. _ .. .... ... --_. _ .. _. - - - -- -- _ ... - - -- ----_. -.- _. 
Forage participatory Tay Nguyen 01-May-01 30 33 DARD,TN Univ, 
research & Univ. SAM Project 
.. "" ." ., __ . __ . . .... . ~~.~~!~prn.eflt ....... _______ .. _. ______ ... .. . _ .. .... .. . .. _ . . _ ... _________ .. _ .. _. _____ ._ ... .. .... ____ _ ..... ......... _ .......... _ .. _ ...... . . 
Farmers training on Tay Nguyen 01-Sep-01 1 10 Khanh 
.......... .. . ..... . ... . ~e~d. p'~o.du.cti.or1 ........... LJn.i'J .... .. ... ... .. .. .. . .. . . .............. ..... .... . ........ ... .. ... . ..... .. .. .. . ....... ... _ .......... .. . . 
Tuyen Quang Workshop and training Tuyen 18-Sep-01 5 5 5 5 R. Roothaert 
.......... . ....... . .. . . i ~. !~e. fi.eld. ()n. rvI.&.E ........ ()l1a.ng, ... .. ....... .. .. . .. . .. ................ .. ............. .. . . . .. .. . .. ..... . .. ............ _ ......... .. . . 
Daklak Developing forage Buon Me April , 12 7 10 4 Khanh, An, 
technologies with Thuat Dung 
farmers 
----------------- ---... .. .. .. - _ ... . _ . .. -------- ------- - -- --------------- ..... .. -... . ..... ---------- . ----- -. - ----------- --_ . .... .. .. ' .. -.. . - . _. _ .. -- - - - --------- _. 
Seed production Cu Roa 1 August 01 30 Mr.Thieu + Ms. 
tecnology (village No 1, Tuyet 
.... __ ..... ... ............ .. __ . .. ...... ... ...... ... __ .. 2-,. 3.L ............ .. .... ....... .. ................. ........... .......... .. ... .. ...... .... .. ........... _ ... . 
Cu Roa 2 1 30 Mr.Thieu + Ms. 
(village No 4, Tuyet 
_ ............ .......... .. .... . .. . . . . .......... __ ... 6)" ............. . . ... ..... .. .. . ... ..................................... . . ........... __ .. .......... __ ..... . 
Cu Ni 1 30 Mr. Ha + Mr.Thai 
. __ . ... __ ....... __ ..... ¡:flgl~l?h . . t!¡¡i.T)~l}ll.c()ur~e ... L.a~ ...... ...... Ju.ly. .. . . .. ... .. .. . ~2 ......... . . 1 ..... __ .... . __ ..... ...... . .. .. .. . . 1.R.f3I . ............. .. . 
Group monitoring far CuJut July 1 6 Khanh + Dung 
•• • •••• __ o •••• __ • • _ ••••• he.aci (~f .f.é!~rn.e~ .group ... ........ .. _ ........... ... . .. .... __ . . .. .. ... ....... .. . ___ . . ...... __ __ .... . __ .. .. . .. .. __ .. . . .. . .. . ......... _ ... . 
M'Drak 1 8" 
20 
Country and 
Province 
Name of training 
course conducted by 
FSP 
Appendix 1. Training courses in 2001 
Location Date 
started 
Length 
(days) 
NO.of 
field 
workers 
and 
officers 
No. of 
resear-
chers 
No. of Course 
farmers organiser 
(person) 
Ea Kar 10 
-- .. -.... .. . ... ... .. -... - .. _-----_ .. . .. . . _----- ----- -- . __ ... . __ ._---- -_._ ---_ .. . . .. _--------------_ . ...... .. -- -------_ .... .... _--------- --- -_ .. __ . . _----------_._. 
Buon Don 1 6" 
- - _ •• _. - - _ •• • • _ - _. _ . - - - - - - - - - - _ •• •• - - _ . _ - - ___ - - _ • • __ _ • •• •••• - __ - __ • - __ - - - - _ . - _ •• - - - - - - - - - - - _. - - - _ . - _ __ _ __ • • _ • ••• - __ • _ _ _ 0- __ o. ____ ____ ____ ___ .... . _. __________ . __ .. . 
Forage establishment Cu Mta May - June 1 30 Mr.Thieu + Ms . 
.. . . ... ..... .. ........ . ,!~.d .u.se ......... .. . . . ... ....... _ ... .. ... .. ... . . OJ .......... .. ......... .. .... ........ .. .. ...... ... oO ...... ... ... .. . .TLJYElt .... .. . . ... . .. . 
Eatrang 1 10" 
· ... - -.... _ ...... --.. .. .. . - -- _. _ .. _. _. - --_ .. - -.. . _. - _ .. _ ... - _. _ . . . .. .. _. _. - - _ .. _ ... --. - -.. _ .. _ .. - - --. - _ .. .. _ . .. . . - - --. . _ .. _ ... _ . .. . . ...... - - .. - - ... --... . . _. -- _. - .. 
Eatrang 1 10 " 
••• _ ••• _ ••• •• _ . - ••• • • ••••• _. - _ •• - •••••••• • •• _. - _. - _. - ••• _. - _ ••• • _ •• - - _ •••• _. _. _ •• • " ' . - - _. - _ •• _ •• - - o _ • •• •• • _ • •• ____ • _ ••••• • _ •• • • ••• _ •• _. _. _____ ••• _ ••••• •• _ •••••••• 
Ea Lai 20 " 
• ___ _ _ • • - _ . _ • •• • •• •• _ • •• _ •••• • • _ . _ . _ • •• • _. - - __ • _ •• _ _ • • - - - - - _ . _ . _ •• _ •••• - __ - - • _ _ • • • • • • - - - __ • - __ •• • ••••• • _ • • - _ •• _0 __ • •• _ ••• o • • • _ •• _ ••• ___ ••• __ • • ••• ••• __ •• _. _ . _ ••• •• • 
EaM~y 20 " 
•••• •• •• •• •• ___ • _ • • • _. _ ••• __ • • •••• - _ •• _. - _ o ___ _ • _ _ ••• • • • _ •• _ •• _. _ •• _ •••• • _ • • _ • • _ • • _ • __ •••• _ ••• •• • _ •••• _ •• _ ••••• _ • ••••• • _ • • __ •••••• • •• _ • ••••••• _ •••• •••• • _ •• •• _ • • _. 
Cu Prao 1 20" 
.... . ... . _ ... _ ..... _ . .... ....... _. _. '--- - _ .. ..... .. .. --_. -- - - - --- _ ..... . .. _ .. - - -- - -- - -- _ .. . . _. - _ .. - -_.- -- - _ . .. ... . .. _ .. - _ .. _. - _. - --. -. --_. _. - - _ ..... -_ . .. _ .. . - _ . .. . 
Ea Mut 1 10 Mr. Ha + Mr.Thai 
. -. ----_._ .. _ . . _. __ .. .. . ..... _ .. _-_ .. _._ .. .. . . -.. __ .... _. __ ._ . .. .. .. .... --_ .. _ .. _- _ . .. .. ... . . _._----- -_ ... ... ... - _._-- --_ . .. .. . .. ....... . _ .. ... ... -. .. . . _----_ .. 
Ea Pal 1 10 " 
o . _ •••• _. __ • ••• ••• •• ••• _ ••• __ • __ o • •• _ ••••••••• __ • __ •••• __ ••• ••• • •• _ . _. __ o. _ •• •• •• •• __ • __ ' •• __ • _. __ _ •• • ••• • • 0 _ • • _ __ • __ • _ •• _ ••• • •••••••• _ •••••• _ _ __ • _ • •••••• ___ ••••• 
Ea Knuop 1 20" 
• _ •• - _ •• - - _ . ' • •• • _ . __ • __ ••• __ • _ • ••• •• •• ••• 0- ____ • ___ • • • •• • •••••• _____ _ • __ • •• _ • •• • _ •• _ • •• • _ _ • • _ • • ••• • • _ ••• _. __ • _ 0 _ • •••• •• • • _. __ • ___ •• __ •• •• ___ • •• _ •• __ •• _. _ •••• ••• 
Ea Tyl 30 " 
Chu Giang 1 20 Mr. Ha + 
Mr.Thai 
Ea Wek 1 20 Mr. Duong 
• _ •••• •• __ - _ •• __ • ••• • _ . _ . - ___ •• _ •••• _ •• •• •• _. __ - _. - _ •• _ ••• _ ••• 0 __ - ___________ ••• _ • • _o • •• .... _. ___ . __ • . •• • • •• • . ___ ____ .. __ .. __ ••• .•• ..... _ .. _. __ . _ •• •••• • . __ ..... __ 
Ea Hoa 1 20 Mr. Duong 
Tam Thang 
Cu jut 1 
Nam dong 
20 
10 
Mr.Thu + Ms. 
Oanh 
Mr.Thu + Ms. 
Oanh 
10 Mr.Thu + Ms. 
Oanh 
· _ .. - _ .. - -.. . ... . -_. - - - - _ ....... -. .. .. ------ _. - .. ... _ ... _ ... . _. - - - _ ....... -_ .. ' . . - -... . -_. - _. _ .. --.. .. -_. - - _ .. .. -_ . . . _ . .. . . . .. _ ..... - - - . - - -- .. ... . _ .......... --_. 
Ea Kao 1 20 Khanh 
21 
Appendix 2. Other training courses in 2001 
Appendix 2. FSP partners trained by other organisations in 2001. 
Country 
China 
Hainan 
Name of training course Location 
conducted by FSP 
New lorage varieties and Changpo 
prodLJction 
Date started Length 
(days) 
16-0ct-01 1 
No. of No. of No. of Course 
field resear- farmers organiser 
workers chers trained (person) 
and 
officers 
6 200 Danzhou city 
government 
and CATAS 
·P"lijllppiñ"es""·"""""""""""" "-"" -""" -" """""" """""."."". -"" -""""""" """""""""""""""""""".""""""""""." """"" """.""""""".""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
::: ~Likid~o:ñ::: ::: :::s~~r ~:ci~gr~;'~::: ::::: :::: ::: E3~~iéiñ~ñ":":::"""";27 ~iVíar:~ r::: ::::: ::::::i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"::::::::::::::::: 
Bukidnon International training on Los Baños 24-Sep-01 21 1 CIP/UPWARD 
Participatory Approach to 
research and 
""" """"""""""""" ""_""""cle"veIClt>llle"nt"""" """"" """""""""""""""" """- """"" """"" """""""" """""""" """"" """" """"""""""""""""" """" -. -"".""""". """" """ -""""" -""""" """""" 
Misamis Training on Forage & Northern 
Oriental Pasture Development Mindanao 
State Inst. 01 
Science & 
Tech. 
08-0ct-01 5 65 Department 01 
Agriculture 
"" S Liki"dno"ri """" "-" "C"ross:\¡i;'i¡ Oto "iciriige""""""" "Sañ" rv;ig¡;ra""""""" Dec: "2"óüi""""" """" i""" -"""""" "S""""""""" "1"""""""""" "{""""" "IÓ:¡A"F""""""""""" 
research and goat 
house 
"""sLiki"dnon"""""""""Partic"ipatory"com"ri1ü-ñiiy"""ícRAF:"""""""""""""júly2ÜÓ1""""""""""4""""""""""""i""""""""""-"""" """""""""""""ló:¡ii:F""""""""""· 
research training and Claveria 
data gathering 
" "Sükidno"ñ" """""" "C"ros.s:\¡i;'i¡ to icirage""""" ""-Sañ" rv;iga"ra""" """" Jú;ié" 2"óüi""""""""" i """""" """" """""" """"" "25"""""""" T""" " "C)A-R FU:"1"Ó" " "" 
22 
Country 
Appendix 2. Other training courses in 2001 
Name ot training course Location 
conducted by FSP 
research 
Date started Length 
(days) 
No. of No. ot No. of Course 
field resear- tarmers organiser 
workers chers trained (person) 
and 
officers 
... Eiú'¡(idnon" ...... 'Forag;l A~irono'my""" "'" c"Dó ..... ........ .. :iurié' 200i·········3"· ·· · .... .......... ... ·25-···· ... { ..... 'CiA:F¡FÜ~ 1-0-· .. · 
..... .... ..... ..... .. .. :r r¡¡i!"!i.ng ... ... . .. ......... . .. ... ... . .......... ... .. .... ........ ... . .. .......... " .. .. ..... . ........ .. .. ... .......... . ....... ....... . 
Bukidnon LGU official cross-visit ICRAF· Sept 2001 1 14 1 ICRAF/FS-,:'·· .. 
Claveria 
.. . Eiú¡(idno'n 'anér ' i nterna¡ionánraiiÚng········ 'P¡'¡ilippines'" .. ........ 22' .. ............. --21-·· ·· ··········· ···· '"3" .......... ÚPWARO··· ·· ·· 
Laguna course on participatory September 
research and 2001 J 
development 
·thaiiá·nd ....... .. .... ...... .... .. .. ... ......... .... ' .. ... ........... .. ................ .. ................... .. ........... .. ... .............. .. .... ............. . 
". Cfiácho;lns'ao " soii'á'nd Water' ... ......... .. óiiJ'-éfioeriiáQ'" ·1"3:0ec:Oi···· .... ······-2-· ······· 22-···· ···· ····· -24- ··· \i\liiáwan' 
Conservation Province (Integrated 
Cassava 
based 
... . ...... ............. . ... .............. . . . .. ........ .. ...... ............. .. ... ... ........ .... .. ....... ..... .. .. .. ............ .... .. ........... Cr.<?PJ?in.9l. ..... . 
Vietnam 
... oakiái<······· ... Traini'ñg: 'on ·boÚinái ·· ······ · seéi" iñCiústria' " ·O{ -t.,¡,-áy·o01- ···· ... ........... ......... ........ ..... ........ ·"OsY ···· .. ' ..... . 
method Centre 
... oaki.ií< ·· ......... 'Engiish ·ti-ai·nirig ·coLirsé····· seéi" iñCiú'strial' " O'2:May~O 1-.. ··· ··· ············· .. ............. "{ ............ '[¡"sY .... " ....... . 
Centre 
... oakiái< ........ ' .. Eiiáiúaié' náturái··· ···· .... "Aus¡raliá' .......... i·S:May:ói··· ······· .... -4-··· · · ··· · ·········· .. { . ......... "'Coi'- 'rVié'dditoñ" 
grassland by BOT ANAL 
... oakiái<· ·· ······· 'Iriterná¡¡onál' tráiri·ing········ Philippiñes· ··· ... ·Sepiember········ ··· · 21-··· ·· ···· ·· ··········{ ····· ···· ··· ·(iPWARO······· 
course on participatory 2001 
research and 
...... . .. .. . ........... cfe.,!~!~pl11.~.nt .... ... .. . . ......... . . ..... . .. . o ••• • •••• • •• ••• ••••• ••••••• • • ••• • • •••••••••• •• •• ••• ••••••••• • •••• •• •• • ••••••• • ••• •••••• ••• 
23 
" 
Appendix 3. Co/laborating organisalions in 2001 
Appendix 3. Organisations that FSP has collaborated with in 2001. 
Country Name 01 organisation 
China Farmer Centered 
Research Network, 
China(FCRNC) 
Indonesia BPLP Training Center 
Deliveri 
Philippines DASVM-ViSCA 
Deparment 01 Agriculture 
Deparment 01 T rade and 
Industry 
Department 01 Agrarian 
Relorms 
ICRAF 
ICRAF-Visayas 
National Dairy Authority 
Natural Resources 
PCC at ViSCA 
Philippine Carabao Center 
Philippine Coonut 
Authority 
Type 01 
organisation 
NGO 
Place, Province 
China Agricultural 
University, Beijing 
Training Center Samarinda,East 
Kalimantan 
Livestock Project TanahGrogot, 
Pasir District 
College - department Leyte, Eastern 
Visayas 
Research Institute Cagayan de Oro 
City 
Research Institute Cagayan de Oro 
City 
Research Institute Cagayan de Oro 
City 
Research Institute Claveria, Misamis 
Oro 
research institute Leyte, Eastern 
Visayas 
Research Institute Cagayan de Oro 
City 
Research Institute Cagayan de Oro 
City 
government agency - Leyte, Eastern 
agriculture Visayas 
Research Institute Musuan, Bukidnon 
Research Institute Misamis Oriental 
24 
Activities in common with FSP 
Exchanging and sharing the experiences in 
Farmer's Participatory Research inside and 
outside China 
Training for Field Worker 
Training for Field Worker in PRA 
forage plots for intructional purposes (college 
students in agriculture) 
Forage Agronomy Training course and livestock 
projects 
Livelihood project lor the larmer colaborators 
Livelihood project for the larmer colaborators 
Soil and Water Conservation Project 
promotion 01 soil and water conservation 
practices (contour hedgerows) 
Dairy Cattle project lor FSP farmer colaborators 
Soil and Water Conservation Project 
dissemination 01 lorage planting materials to 
carabao raisers 
Dairy Bullalo Project for FSP farmer collaborators 
Coconut-livestock integration 
Appendix 3. Collaboraling organisations in 2001 
Country Name of organisation Type of Place, Province Activities in common with FSP 
organisation 
Provincial Governmnet 01 Research Institute Malaybalay, Farmers Field Day 
Bukidnon Bukidnon 
Thailand DLD Ministry Sama rinda Attendance 01 two Thai participants in the FSP 
Indonesia regional workshop at Samarinda,lndonesia in 
January 2001 
DLD Ministry ILRI Ethiopia Attendance 01 a Thai coordinator in the Forage 
Adaptation workshop at ILRI, Ethiopia in June 
2001 
DLD Ministry Bangkok Editorship 01 1 issue 01 SEAFRAD Newsletter 
Issue 11 July 2001 
Vietnam Buon Don DARD Government Buon Don Developing worker 
Cu Jut DARD Extension Cu Jut Developing worker 
Cu Jut extension office Extension Cu Jut Developing worker 
Daklak DARD Government Buon Ma Thuot supervisor 
Daklak extension office Extension Buon Ma Thuot supervisor 
Ea Kar extension office Extension Eakar Developing worker 
Exention worker in 19 Extension Buon don, Cujut, Field worker 
communes M'Drak, Ea kar 
M'Orak extension office Extension M'Orak Oeveloping worker 
NIAH Research Ha Noi Coodinator 
Taynguyen university University Buon Ma Thuot Manager 
25 
Appendix 4. Trip Report East Ka/imantan 
Appendix 4. Trip report East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 8 - 14 July 2001 
Ralph Roothaert 
Purpose of travel: 
• To discuss with Dinas Peternakan and farmers the proposal 01 an eeonomie study on 
small seale eatlle and goat lattening. 
• To review old and new aetivities 01 FSP in the lields. 
• To assist the national coordinator 01 FSP in planning monitoring and evaluation. 
Key people met: 
Ir. Ibrahim, National Coordinator FSP, Samarinda. 
Ir. Muniel Muchsinin, Head Dinas Peternakan, Sarna rinda 
Ir. H. Husaini , Head 01 livestock, Pasir District 
Drs. Yusran, Head 01 Development 01 Planning Division, Pasir District. 
Summary 
During the visit my opinion was reconlirmed that expansion 01 forage production by 
smallholder larmers in East Kalimantan is unstoppable. A new success story is the 
eattle production on Braehiaria humidieo/a under coconuts in Samboja. Several new 
key larmers were identilied with successlul small scale eattle lattening and rearing 
enterprises, who wou ld be excellent examples to other larmers. An eeonomie study 
about livestock activities is planned and will eomplement our reports that we have so lar. 
Dinas Peternakan and larmers welcomed the proposal. Many young extension workers 
have been trained in lorage technologies and participatory researeh approaches, and 
they are eflective and innovative in the field. Reporting partieipatory researeh results, 
however, still remains a problem. Field workers and the National coordinator need more 
direction on how and what to reporto The CIAT oflice is intending lo send someone lo 
assist. The Irip yielded several ideas lor new researeh: testing lorage species lor lire 
resistance in Imperata cyc/indrica lields; testing by larmers 01 Brachiaria deeumbens in 
I mperata lields lor grazing; and seed production 01 Brachiaria humidicola in Nusa 
Tengara. 
Itinerary 
Su 8 July 
Mo 9 
Tu 10 
We 11 
Th 12 
Fr 13 
Sa 14 
Travel to Balikpapan 
Karanjuan and Samboja 
Sama rinda meeling with Dinas Peternakan, Makroman, Loa Kulu 
Samarinda planning FSP, travel to Sepaku 
Sepaku 
Tanah Grogol 
Travel to Manila 
26 
Appendix 4. Trip Report East Ka/imantan 
Economic study 
A meeting was organised with the senior officers 01 Dinas Peternakan at Sama rinda. On 
the agenda were the progress 01 FSP in East Kalimantan and the proposal lor an 
economic study 01 cattle and goat lattening. It was agreed that FSP was on the right 
track. Several suggestions were made lor the economic study: 
• One or two staff 01 Dinas should be involved in the study to facilitate learning from 
the consultan!. 
• There is existing economic inlormation about livestock production in East Kalimantan 
which should be reviewed befo re the start 01 the study (e.g. GTZ, 1986). Follow-up: 
Ibrahim 
• Non-ruminant livestock should get some attention in the study. 
• The team would like to know whether farmers with more than one cow or bull have 
higher economic returns per animal than farmers who only latten one animal. 
The proposed study was also discussed with two farmer groups in Makroman, and two 
farmer groups in Sepaku. Farmers in all groups stressed that we should not ignore 
breeding, as all farmers are currently involved in breeding as well as lattening. Fattening 
is more prolitable, but it is difficult to obtain young or lean cattle lor lattening. Farmers 
breed their own fattening stock. I suggest that part 01 the study should assess which 
animals improved lorages are led to (Follow-up: consultant). We decided to drop Loa 
Kulu lrom the sites lor the study, because framers had only 1 or 2 years experience with 
forages. In stead Samboja would be included. The proposed studies site are now: 
Site 
Makroman 
Sepaku 
Samboja 
Predominant livestock system 
Stall led goats, tethered cattle (Onghole and Bali) in 
larm land. Cut & carry additional leed. 
Grazing cattle (Onghole) in Imperara lields, cattle 
lattening. Cut & carry additional leed. 
Bali cattle grazing under coconuts. 
We measured girth circumlerence 01 Bali and Onghole cattle and weighed the cattle on a 
barely lunctioning mobile electronic weighing scale. With some efforts we were able to 
take 5 accurate weights. We compared the girth circumlerence, weights and the live 
weight prediction lormulas lor Vietnamese and Brahman cattle. The formulas lor 
Brahman cattle gave the closest live weight prediction lor Bali cattle, and the average 01 
the two lormulas gave the closest prediction lor Onghole cattle. There is a need to 
review girth circumlerence and live weight correlation studies in Indonesia, to obtain the 
most accurate formulas for cattle breeds in our study (Follow-up: Ibrahim, Dr. 
Sudarmadi and Ralph). 
27 
Appendix 4. Trip Report Eas! Kaliman!an 
Field visits 
Some 01 our discussions with larmers locussed on the economics 01 livestock activities. 
Some date were gathered as lollows (US$ '" LRp. 11,000): 
• A bag 01 chicken manure (20 kg) is sold al LRp. 4500 (US$ OAO) 
• A larmer in Samboja with 30 Bali cattle was able 10 sell 10 cattle per year al an 
average price 01 LRp. 2.7 mil per head or 27 mil total (US$ 2454). His 6 ha coconuts 
yielded LRp. 20 mil per year. 
• A bag 01 local grass (20-30 kg) is sold al LRp. 5000 (US$ OA5). 
• Planting materials 01 improved grass and legume species are so Id at l. Rp. 10 per 
cutting at a larmer group at Sepaku (Stylo, Cavalcade and Wynn cassia are al so 
propagated by cuttings!). Group members get Iree material. 
• In Sepaku, a larmer lattened 2 cattle lor 4 months and the net live weight gain 01 the 
cattle during that period resulted in a profit 01 1. Rp. 1.3 mil (US$ 118). 
• In Samboja, a larmer so Id a one-year-old Bali heiler lor 1. Rp. 1.5 mil and a one-year-
old bull lor 1.7 mil. 
• In Loa Kulu, a larmer sold a big bull lar I.Rp. 2.5 mil (US$ 227) . 
• Cattle are sold at any age between O and 3 years. 
On Mr. Tajib's larm in SamboJa, Brachiaria humidicola varo Yanero grew very well under 
coconuts and with intensive grazing. The grass was particularly appreciated lor ils low 
management attributes, and cattle even eat old leaves. We suggested lo him to try 
some portions with Arachis pintoi as il withstands grazing well, adds nitrogen to the 
system and improves animal productivily. There are about 100 larmers in Samboja 
grazing cattle under coconuls, and hall 01 them grow B. humidicola. Ten percent have 
areas 01 B. humidicola covering more than 1 ha. Cut and carry 01 B. humidicola under 
coconuts is also very common. AII grass is planted by vegetative cuttings. Artilicial 
insemination is used lar breeding cowS. 
In Loa Kulu, Mr. Sujo no had planted 0.2 ha 01 Paspalum atratum, starting 6 months ago. 
He said the biggest benelit was Ihat during the time consuming period of bird scaring in 
the paddy lields, it now takes a very short time to collect leed lor his cattle. Other 
larmers in Loa Kulu lound both P. atratum and B. humidicola the best species, as they 
grow last, are palatable to livestock and even old leaves are liked. 
Members 01 the Maju Serbaguna larmer group in Sepaku have improved their Imperata 
lields with Paspalum atratum, B. humidicola varo Tully and Stylo 184. They used 
herbicide before planting the improved species. The Imperata lields 01 the Lestari 
larmer group were visited after several hours trekking. They had started 4 months ago 
planting B. humidicola and Paspalum atratum cuttings in holes, without tilling the native 
grassland . They had covered about 2 ha 01 communally used land, within and area 01 
20 ha that they had lenced. The grass showed signs 01 heavy grazing but persisted. B. 
humidicola had lormed stolons. The total percentage cover was still very low though, 
less than 1 %. Considering that it had not rained lor one month, the establishment 01 the 
grass looked promising. Stylo 184 had been over sown but had disappeared alter 
burning. Farmers believe that stylo will regenerate lrom seeds alter the rains start again. 
Problems 01 larmers were discussed and we diagnosed that cows were suHering lrom 
milk lever. Farmers need to buy calcium supplements to mix with leed, and would need 
some help Irom outside to identily the product in the veterinary drug store (Follow-up: 
Herianto). 
28 
Appendix 4. Trip Report East Ka/imantan 
In a new sub-district, Seblenkong, discussions were held with the District Planning 
OHicer, extension workers and larmers. The District Ofíicer indicated the big potential 01 
improved grassland under oil palm plantations although it was pointed out that grass 
would only grow well in young plantations allowing enough light transmission. 
Smallholder oil palm plantations are common throughout the area. A multiplication site 01 
lorages was visited in the sUb-district, which did not look as attractive as the ones visited 
in Sepaku. The site was on private land, which did not belong to the larmer group who 
was responsible lor its maintenance. The lesson learned was that il multiplication plots 
are established on larmers' land, it is maintained and run in a better way. 
We visited a larmer group in Seblenkong, where King grass was commonly grown in 
strips along contours in larm land. Several new lorage species had been introduced last 
year. B. humidicola was not listed, but I saw it growing scattered on a larm. When we 
discussed it with the larmers, we concluded that it had been accidentally introduced by 
cattle lrom Sepaku (hall a day driving away) which had been redistributed. During the 
time the cattle were taken Irom Sepaku, it was dry season, and the grass had produced 
seed. The seeds were excreted upon arrival in Semblenkong. 
Reporting, and monitoring and evaluation 
The FSP 6 monthly report submitted by East Kalimantan was reviewed. The report 
needs to be more specilic in luture. In stead 01 reporting whether an activity was carried 
out or not, the project needs a description 01 results. This would be greatly lacilitated by 
monitoring and evaluation activities. Jindra Samson has been instrumental in helping 
with ME in the Philippines and we suggested thal she would visil and help in Indonesia 
(Follow-up: Jindra). A beginning was made in Ihe planning 01 ME activilies. ME 
should start as soon as possible, il we wanl lo use it as a tool lo assess changes and 
development 01 impact. 
Specilic issues Irom Ihe 6 monthly report that needs to be addressed are: 
• Summary 01 lindings 01 participatory diagnosis and planning that have been carried 
out this year (Follow-up: Ibrahim). 
• Field days(Follow-up: Ibrahim): 
Where? 
Who conducted them? 
Who participated? 
Which groups were involved? 
How were they involved? 
Any other comments? 
• Cross visits (Iarmer to larmer) (Follow-up: Ibrahim): 
Where did the visitors come Irom? 
Where did they visit, how many visitors? 
How many hosts? 
How many lacilitators or other guests? 
Any other comments? 
• Sweet polatoes(Follow-up: Ibrahim): 
Which varieties were tested? 
What were larmers observations? 
29 
Appendix 4. Trip Reporl East Kalimantan 
How were the varieties used? 
Which varieties did larmers expand? 
Were there different benelits among the different potato varieties? 
Any other comments? 
Research issues 
Several ideas lor research arose during the visi!: 
• Testing lor persistence alter lire 01 lorage varieties used lor the improvement 01 
Imperata cylindrica grasslands. Possible species lor testing: B. humidicola (Yanero 
and Tully), stylo 184, P. atratum, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria 
brizantha.(Follow-up: Ibrahim, students). 
• Introduction 01 B. decumbens in Imperata grasslands. B. decumbens was not 
prelerred by larmers during earlier trials, beca use 01 its hairiness which causes 
irritation during cut and carry. Now that larmers have started to improve imperata 
grasslands that are used lor grazing, the species deserves to be reevaluated. It 
grows well on the acidic poor soils and probably competes better with Imperata than 
P. atratum. Farmers seemed to like the idea (Follow-up: Herianto, Ibrahim, 
Lestari group). 
• Seed production 01 B. humidicola in Nusa tengara, where the climate is drier and 
therelore easier to harvest seeds. Maimuna could be hired lar a consultancy to 
design and conduct trials (Follow-up: Maimuna). 
Other issues 
• Ralph needs a copy 01 the paper presented by Ibrahim in Manado (Follow-up: 
Ibrahim). 
• Ibrahim needs more pH indicator kits and species (Follow-up: Ralph and Jindra). 
30 
Appendix 5. T rip Report Vietnam 
Appendix 5. Financial and social benetits trom introduction ot new forages and 
induced technology changes in East Kalimantan, Indonesi.l. 
In East Kalimantan Province 01 Indonesia, the 'Forages lor Smallholders Project' started 
to introduce new lorages in 1995. In October 2001, a participatory study was carried out 
in 3 sub-districts to quantily the social and economic benelits 01 the newly developed 
lorage technologies. The study used resource diagrams, calendars, and larm household 
interviews with historical recalls to assess time spending, linances and herd productivity. 
Values 01 land 01 livestock were included as cos! in the linancial assessment. 
Unconventional benelits accounted lor were manure applied on own lields, animal 
labour on own lields, and insurance value 01 livestock (Bosman et al , 1997). 
The results 01 the study show that production systems in the sub-districts are different 
(table 1). Farmers in Samboja raise Bali cattle on pasture under coconut trees and have 
only small home gardens. In Makroman, all larmers raise goats and some larmers 
acquired cattle recently. Their variety 01 crops is much larger, but low-Iand rice cropping 
is limited due to soil acidilication. In Sepaku, most larmers replaced goats with cattle, 
and some acquired buffaloes. Upland cropping is limited here due lo wild pigs. In 
Samboja and Sepaku, production levels are relatively high and are combined with 
signilicant investments, especially in lencing 01 pastures to reduce labour input lor 
herding and to protect the improved pasture. In Makroman livestock gains are used to 
reimburse loan s and the level 01 investment is still low. 
Table 1. Characteristics of interviewed farm households in Samarinda lIir, Samboja and 
Sepaku sub-districts, wlth different livestock systems. 
Samarinda Samboja Sepaku 
Ilir 
uni! goats Bali eattle On90le eatlle 
Mean larm household size 
Farm area 
Mean area improved lorage lor cut and carry 
Percentage contour lines & cover crops • 
Mean area 01 improved pasture •• 
Mean number 01 cattle over 2 years 
Mean number 01 goat over 2 years 
Total income Irom main species 01 livestock ... 
Cash income per head 01 livestock 
• Percentage 01 total cut and carry area 
.. tncluding pasture under coconuts 
n 
ha 
ha 
% 
ha 
n 
n 
US$/ month/ 
head 
US$/ month/ 
head 
••• Including value 01 manure applied on own land 
+ Presant at some larms but contribution not estimated 
4.0 3.8 
3.3 2.5 
0.21 0.23 
33 O 
O 0.46 
0.8 9.8 
9.6 O 
4.9 9.9 
0.8 4.4 
In Makroman and Sepaku there was a large difference between total- and cash income 
Irom l'Ivestock (table 1). This can be largely attributed to the manure applied on own 
crops, which was accounted lor its market value, amounting to approximately 10 times 
2 Version for publication in SEAFRAD newsletter no. 12,2002. 
31 
5.0 
3.4 
0.31 
50 
+ 
5.3 
0.5 
9.3 
1 .1 
Appendix 5. Trip Report Vietnam 
its estimated mineral value. Manure applied on lood and cash crops contributed to about 
40% 01 the total larm household income Irom livestock. This rellects the importance 01 
manure lor soil fertility maintenance. Farmers also derived cash income Irom sales 01 
manure. They estimated that they applied less then 15% 01 all manure to lorage crops. 
Cash income per head 01 cattle was much higher in Samboja than in Sepaku, which was 
due to differences 01 available forage per animal and dilference 01 cattle breeds. In 
Samboja more lorage was avaiJable, resulting in better condition 01 the animals, better 
growth and reproduction. In addition, the Bali breed is known to have better 
reproductive performance than the Ongole breed. Both better feed supply and 
sturdiness 01 the breed resulted in lower veterinary cost in Samboja. 
Belore the introduction 01 new lorages, farmers already used King grass lor cut and 
carry. New lorages reduced time needed lor lodder collection as well as lor lorage crop 
maintenance (table 2). Less time was needed lor maintenance, as the new lorages were 
more vigorous in suppressing weeds. Spare time was put to good use, either lor leeding 
more animals or by engaging in more off-Iarm work. Farmers in Makroman doubled the 
number 01 goats they kept. Increases in cattle numbers were not so big. New lorages 
increased off-take 01 animals due to shorter inter-parturition periods in all species and 
breeds. Twinning rate 01 goats increased at some larms. Better body condition 01 
animals was also perceived as an improvement, resulting in better carcass quality and 
higher prices paid lor cattle by butchers. Farm household income Irom livestock almost 
doubled since the introduction 01 new lorages, due lo time saved and higher off-take 
rates. 
Table 2. Comparison 01 larm household in come (mean ± s.d.) Irom cattle 
production under coconut in Samboja, for 16 early and 9 late 
adopters' 01 new lorages. 
unit early adopters late adopters 
Estimated days work dayf year 222 ± 50 262 ± 87 
Livestock + meat marketed US$f year 909 ± 536 374 ± 223 
Total household income from US$f day 3.2 ± 2.8 0.9 ± 0.9 
• Characteristics of the two groups were similar. 
Adoption 01 new lorage species induced lour technology changes: 1) reduction or 
disappearance 01 grazing on communal range land (Samboja); 2) prolonged grazing 
time at home plots (Sepaku); 3) pasture lencing in uplands and sawahs (Samboja and 
Sepaku) and 4) planting 01 forage on contour lines and as cover crop associated with 
lood and cash crops, lo enhance soil fertility and prevent erosion (Makroman and 
Sepaku). Grazing time was prolonged as animal s grazed longer in the morning on 
improved homestead pasture; before they were without lood until 10 a.m. Through 
improved lodder balance, the project provided better sources 01 rural income lor 
livestock keepers, and contributed to an improved beel supply in East Kalimantan . 
References: 
Bosman HG, MolI HAJ and Udo HMJ, 1997. Measuring and interpreting the benefits of goat 
keeping in tropical farm systems. Agricultural Systems, 53 (1997) 349·372. 
32 
Appendix 6. Trip Report Vietnam 
Appendix 6. Trip report Vietnam, 17 - 25 Sept. 2001 
Ralph Roolhaert 
Purpose 01 travel: 
• To lead a workshop on moniloring and evalualion 01 FSP in Vielnam. 
• To develop a research prolocol wilh slaff 01 Thai Nguyen University lor a sludy on 
ulilisation 01 indigenous lodder in northern Vielnam. 
Key people met: 
• Mr. Truong Tan Khanh, Tay Nguyen Universily, Daklak 
• Mr. Le Hoa Binh, NIAH, Hanoi 
• Mr. Nguyen Manh Dzung, NIAH, Hanoi 
• Mrs. Vu Hai Yen, ARO, Tuyen Quang 
• Dr. Nguyen The Dang, Vice-Director Inlernational Relations, Thai Nguyen University 
• Mrs. Ta Thi Thu Thuy, Faculty 01 Animal Husbandry, Thai Nguyen University 
Summary 
The workshop on monitoring and evaluation was successlully conducted, with a total 
number 01 15 participants. People were trained in theory and practice, and ME 
workplans were produced. Party leaders and high government officials were in lavour 01 
FSP activilies, allhough they were nol lully aware about Ihe slruclure 01 Ihe ME 
workshop. I visiled Thai Nguyen Universily, where we developed a prolocol lor a sludy 
on local lorage species. Two Universily staff will implemenl Ihe study, which will lake 
place Irom January to April 2002. 
Itinerary 
17 Sep 
18 Sep 
18 - 22 Sep 
24 Sep 
25 Sep 
Travel lo Hanoi 
Travel lo Tuyen Quang 
Workshop moniloring and evaluation 
Visil Thai Nguyen Universily 
Travel lo Manila 
Monitoring and evaluation workshop 
Fifteen people participaled in Ihe workshop, including myself. Participants were 
researchers, lield slaff and larmer group leaders, Irom Tuyen Quang and Daklak 
provinces and Philippines. We started wilh reviewing Ihe knowledge and experience 01 
PME. Allhough several people were lamiliar wilh Ihe lerm PME, very lew had ever 
made Ihe link lo projecI impacl assessment. The course Iherelore reviewed melhods 01 
impacl assessment, use 01 indicalors, and ways 01 involving slakeholders al differenl 
levels. Two days 01 practical sessions wilh farmers in Ihe lield provided participanls wilh 
informalion to be analysed and reported during Ihe nexl day. The course concluded wilh 
33 
Appendix 6. Trip Repon Vietnam 
the development 01 practical draft workplans lar PME in Daklak and Tuyen Quang 
provinces. The workplans carelully linked the objectives and the time consumption 01 
their implementation. 
The government is planning to increase milk production in Vietnam and has a target 01 
reducing milk imports Irom 90 to 75 %. Implementation is through upgrading cattle 01 
small and large scale larmers with Holstein Friesian semen, and through wider use 01 
improved lorages. I discussed with Binh that caution needs to be observed, since most 
larmers don't have any experience with dairy cattle. Better leeding practices, housing, 
and management by larmers are essential lor success. Investments in milk collection 
and storage services are needed, as well as lor veterinary services. 
Research on local leed resources 
A research protocol was developed with Mrs. Thuy and Mr. Do 01 Thai Nguyen 
UniverSity, on the use 01 local lodder trees and shrubs in Tuyen Quang Province. Mrs. 
Thuy has an MSc in Animal Nutrilion, and Mr. Do has an MSc in Forestry. Both 
disciplines are essential in the implementation 01 the research project, hence the 
involvement 01 both staff. Mrs. Thuy will be responsible lor the budget, which will be 
approximately US$ 2000 lar the whole study. Mrs. Thuy has a reasonable command 01 
English, Mr. Do hasn't ye\. A contract will be developed with Mrs. Thuy, specilying the 
breakdown 01 the grant into activities, and the expected outputs. 
34 
Appendix 7. Course on monitoring and evaluation 
Appendix 7. Training course on Monitoring and Evaluation of the Forages for 
Smallholders Project 
Ralph Roothaert 
Introduction 
The goal 01 Ihe FSP is lo improve Ihe livelihood 01 upland larmers. by enhancing 
available leed sources lo increase liveslock production, and stralegic use 01 grasses and 
legumes lo conserve soil and lo enhance nulrienl management. Moniloring and 
evaluation exercises help us lo judge whether Ihe projecl is achieving its goal. The 
project uses a range 01 methods, allowing aspecls 01 convenlional and participatory ME, 
or crosses 01 the two. 
In Augusl 2000, an international workshop was organised by CIAT and the University 01 
Oueensland (Australia), to develop a praclical guideline lor undertaking ME in Ihe FSP. 
During the workshop scientists 01 CIAT, UO and countries in SE Asia reviewed 
theoretical concepts 01 ME and currenl praclices. More insighl was gained and praclical 
recommendation were summarized in a comprehensive report 01 65 pages (Cramb and 
Purcell, 2000). In the meanwhile, lield workers in Ihe Philippines and Vietnam had used 
a malrix that was developed during the workshop lor implementing ME. Although in 
theory Ihe matrix could be used lar both participatory and conventional ME, in practice il 
was still used in a rather rigid and convenlional way. A general complaints in bolh 
countries was that ME increased Ihe workload 01 lield workers to unacceptable levels. In 
the Philippines the teams lell Ihere was no local capacity to analyse and report the data 
collected through ME exercises. 
In 2001, two local ME warkshops were arganised in Ihe Philippines and Vietnam, not 
only lar scientists and managers, but more specilically lor lield workers and key larmers, 
involved in FSP. The aim 01 the workshops were to develop more practical methods 01 
ME, to practice analysis 01 data, to practice reporting, and lo develop ME workplans lor 
the whole projecl cycle. A secondary objective was to be able lo use a diversity 01 
methods, allowing more scope lor participatory ME. 
Structure of ME workshop in Tuyen Quang, Vietnam 
There were 2 resource people and 13 participants lrom Vielnam, some 01 whom al so 
acted as resource people at appropriate sessions, and some had lo translale 
simultaneously lrom English into Vietnam ese and vice versa. The language barrier in all 
countries where FSP works, except in the Philippines, is big. The slruclure 01 Ihe 
course, with comments about improvements are presenled in Table 1. The whole 
workshop lasted 8 parts 01 hall a day (5 days). 
Outputs 
The workshop in Vietnam generated several outputs: 
~ Understanding 01 concepts 01 participatory and conventional monitoring and 
evaluation. 
~ Rellection on current practices. 
35 
Appendix 7. Course on monitoring and Bvaluation 
» Design 01 lield questionnaires. 
» Analysis 01 lield inlormation and data, and reports. 
» ME workplans lor Tuyen Quang and Daklak 
Lessons learned 
» Everything that is said needs to be Iranslated in Vietnamese or English, and 
everything thal is written on while boards, cards, overhead sheel or in-Iocus needs lo 
be Iranslated as well (in eilher language). It is time consuming but absolutely 
essential. 
» Non 01 the participanls had attended the previous intemational workshop on ME. 
Concepts 01 PME and ME needed to be explained well. 
» People were unlamiliar with most terminology. A small dictionary 01 key words 
evolved as the workshop went on. Some 01 the difficult key words are: Adaptation, 
Adoption, Bottom up, Capacity building, Conventional, Dissemination, 
Empowerment, Evaluation, Farmer, case studies, Focus group, Forage lechnology, 
Formal inleNiews, Impacl, Indicalor, Inlormal inteNiews, Monitoring, Mulliplicalion 
syslems, Nelworks, Participalory, Social capilal, Survey, Tools, Top down. 
» Analys·ls and reporting 01 inlormation derived Irom open ended inleNiews or 
discussions seemed lo be more difficull Ihan thal lrom lormal questionnaires. 
Analysis and reporting 01 both types 01 inlormalion need to be praclised. 
» II participanls have limiled pre-knowledge aboul ME, as was the case in Tuyen 
Quang, more lime is needed lor analysing, reporting and planning sessions. 
» Many participanls had little knowledge and experience wilh participalory melhods 
and wanled to leam more aboul participalory lools. Training sessions on some tools 
that are highly relevant lor ME can be added lo Ihe programme. 
» Pre-workshop inlormation about knowledge, experience and designalions 01 
participanls would help to locus Ihe programme. 
» A longer workshop is desirable, but organising availabilily 01 resource people and 
organisers in Vielnam over a longer duration is difficult. 
Conclusions 
The modules which were developed provide a workable basis lor a training course on 
ME. Concepls 01 PME are well documenled in Ihe report 01 Cramb and Purcell, which 
seNes as a resource book lor leclure like presentations in a training course, and lor 
relerence material. Understanding Ihe concept is only one objective 01 the training; 
practical ski lis on planning, collecting inlormation, analysing and reporting are olher 
important objectives. More than 75 % 01 the time in a course needs to be spent on 
training 01 those skills. 
36 
Appendix 8. Common and botanical namBS 
Appendix 8. Common and botanical names of forages mentioned in text 
Botanical name 
Andropogon gayanus 
Arachis pintoi CIAT 22160 
Brachiaria brizantha 
Brachiaria decumbens CIAT 606 
Brachiaria dictyoneura 
Brachiaria humidicola varo Yanero 
Brachiaria humidicola varo T ully 
Brachiaria ruziziensis 
Galliandra ca/othyrsus 
Gentrosema macrocarpum 
Gentrosema pubescens 
Gralylia argentea 
Desmanthus virgatus 
Desmodium rensonii 
Flemingia macrophylla 
Gliricidia sepium 
Gliricidia sepium accession Retalhuleu 
Leucaena leucocepha/a variety K 636 
Panicum maximum 
Panicum maximum G/A T 6299 
Panicum maximum T 58 
Paspalum atratum BRA 961 
Pennisetum purpureum 
Setaria sphacelata - Nandi 
Setaria sphacelata varo sp/endida 
Sly/osanthes guianensis CIAT 184 
Sesbania grandiflora 
37 
Common name 
Gamba 
Arachis 
Brizantha 
Signal 
Yanero 
Tully 
Ruzi 
Calliandra 
Centrosema 
Ucayali 
Cratylia 
Desmanthus 
Desmodium 
Flemingia 
Gliricidia 
Retalhuleu 
Leucaena K636 
Guinea 
Tobiata 
Purple guinea 
Paspalum 
Napier 
Nandi 
Splendida 
Stylo 
Turi