1 TA KYIKY’BA RO Ronnie Vernooy, Guy Bessette, Bhuwon Sthapit ndi Arnab Gupta be EMBA NDI VOONDRE KYIRO KWORI RO GBOKO AMIRO RO Buku ӓvuoso’ba ro (to’dina) BUKU GIṚINGWA Alo aza nӓtu ro 2 Bioversity International 2023 EMBA NDI VOONDRE KYIRO KWORI RO GBOKO AMIRO RO BUKU ÄVUOSO’BA RO (TO’DINA) BUKU GIṚINGWA 2 ALO AZA NÄTU RO TA KYIKYI’BA RO Bioversity International 2023 Ronnie Vernooy, Guy Bessette, Bhuwon Sthapit ndi Arnab Gupta be Losi oye Bioversity International ndi International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) vo alo ya, ‘ba anya gwo liti kado usune, tavo uṛi tangye usu ro tauni ambasi si (research), riti se ‘desi kusu ‘badri cini be yau ono edezana. Riti ‘desi se yau kusu ‘bӓdri cini be ni koyi: ‘bu u’di toza ro te ago vo kate eme ndra; nga amba lidri idri ro otina kate ego vuru, ago orivo lidri ro cini ndi gyini na be kate ruenji. Lidri ono kayi losi anyaro ambana oyena ӓvuoso ya, vo se lidri ka oribe kigye ‘do ya, ndi ngaonya kado se lomvo kole be (nutrition) ‘do ya. Ndana ka losi oye lidri ‘bӓdri robe, miri be ago lidri se ru dri gwo vo aloya losi oyene ‘do be, Africa ya, Asiya ya, Latin America ya ndi ‘bӓdri karibbiyan ro be. Losi oyesi vo aloya, ndana usu liti to’di ngye ngaonya se lidri ka oribe sina ‘bӓdri ya ndi gyini be edero gwo, ko’ba li’dri robe ombane ago nga onyane kado ro ‘bӓdri kabe ruenji ono ya. Lidri gi ka losi ono oyena be one ndana aloaza (CGIAR) ro. CGIAR ‘do vo ‘desi yi ‘bӓdri ya. Kayi liti to’di ӓvuoso ro ago vona ondre ro usuna tauni ambasi. Ko’ba ngaonya ro be aḋdone okye ako ‘bӓdri yasi. Kyevo ka’do ro be iḋo lidri lako. Ago ngaonya se lomvo le be ‘do ka’do ro be lidri ri orizana ‘bӓdri ya ago kugu liti ro be. https://alliancebioversityciat.org/ www.cgiar.org Department Agriculture ro, Forestry ro ndi Fisheries (DAFF) ro be ni vo losi oyero miri ‘bӓdri South Africa ro ro. Kani ota se cini Palamenti (Baalamani) South Africa ro ka lofona be ‘do o’bana losi oye zana. Ӓru mbara ndana ro losi oye zana ni Section 27 (i) (b) ndi (2) be ni ota ‘desi ‘bӓdri South Africa ka ota giṛinwa azaka lofo tana ko’ba lidri cini South Africa ro ka’do robe ngaonya be amba ori ndaro ya. DAFF ya, Department Ävuoso ro, kyitali ro ndi Ngaonya o’baro kado ro be ya, dri’ba kwori toto dämbi ro orivoya. Ozo losi te ndana ri liti kado vo ngaonya ondrero ka’dane lidri ri tana kwori ngaonya cini ro kori robe okye ako. ‘Do le ta se cini alebe oyene edene ago ota o’bane ndi liti ngye losi oyero be losi kwori ngaonya ro oyezana ävuoso ‘ba ri. Ago ko’ba liti ngye kwori dri totto ngaonya kyi’di ro ndi liti kado riti azaka se kaeci be lidri lako ‘do ede robe. Maye aro’boya ngaopa se musu be ni Food ndi Nutrition Security Resilience Programme (FNS – REPRO) South Sudan ro resi buku giŗingwa ono egyi voya ḋo tana ro. © Bioversity International 2023 Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Headquarters Via di San Domenico 1 00153 Rome Italy Tel. (+39) 06 61181 bioversity@cgiar.org https://alliancebioversityciat.org A’do buku on ro ndi edena bet: Luca Pierotti ISBN: 978-92-9255-305-0 https://alliancebioversityciat.org/ http://www.cgiar.org https://alliancebioversityciat.org 3 LINDRI BUKU GIŖINGWA ŖIRI (2) ONO YA Buku upiako: Kyiro kwori gboko lidri Bajrangi ya ro, village, district Chitrakoot ro ya (UP, India). Bioversity International/S.Dsouza Pagi 4: Ävu kwori to’di ndi azakana se abe kyi’dina vo I’dwe si kyi’di ro Balapur village ya. Deendayal Research Institute/Ashok Tiwari Pagi 6-7: Lidri kyiro kwori gboko ro Bajrangi ya. Bioversity International/S.Dsouza Pagi 8: Ävu giŗingwa kwori ro kyi’dina ro. Deendayal Research Institute/Ashok Tiwari Pagi 10: Kwori ro kyi’dina village Balapur ro ya. Deendayal Research Institute/Ashok Tiwari Pagi 12: Lidri kyiro kwori gboko Guaivinath ro kayi kwori ede, village Pagar ro ya, khurd, district Satna ro (MP, India) ya. Deendayal Research Institute/Ashok Tiwari Pagi 14: Kwori ede ndi o’bana be vo aloya kyiro kwori gboko ro Bajrangi, Balapur village, district Chitrakoot ro (UP, India) ya. Deendayal Research Institute/Ashok Tiwari Pagi 16: Buku se cini egyi ävuru kwori ro be ago aba kwori ro lidri lakosi be kigye. Bioversity International/R.Vernooy Pagi 18: Kyiri lamuni ndiŗi ro ka cici onjani kwori keci se ambate drina ya malangi ya. Bioversity International/R. Vernooy. Kwori drudru ro roe wine baramula balastiki ro ya se edeni PVC yasi ndi zeolite mayaka ro o’bne gbolo bongo ro ya. Bioversity International/A. Gupta. Pagi 20: Losi oye mayaka zeoliti ro ndi baramula be si. Bioversity International/R.Vernooy Pagi 22: Toko aza ka kwori chickpea ro ewina kitu dri o’bani kyiro kwori gboko ro ya. Deendayal Research Institute/S.Chauriha Pagi 24: Kwori kukumba (cucumba) ro kyi’dina o’bani kyiro kwori gboko ro Pagar Khurd village ya (Satna, MP, India ya). Bioversity International/ A. Gupta Pagi 26: Ävuoso’ba ka kwori uru kyi’dini ni kyiro kwori gboko ro ya, Bajrangi ya, Balapur district Chitrakoot (UP, India ya). Deendayal Research Institute/ Ashok Tiwari Pagi 28: Gbolo to’di ndi baramula to’di kwori dämbi ro, tu ‘desi fere si. Bioversity International/R. Vernooy 4 5 EMBA NDI VO ONDRE KYIRO KWORI RO GBOKO AMIRO RO KIGYE NOWA Ta egyi fere ta gi egyi be nowa ta Gboko amba ri losi oyeni sina ono rota Ta kyikyi’ba ro Voondre, losi oye lidri azibe, tase ale be oyeni ndi ädu losi se oyero aro te siro siro BUKU GIṚINGWA Alo aza nӓtu ro 1 BUKU GIṚINGWA Alo aza nӓtu ro 2 BUKU GIṚINGWA Alo aza nӓtu ro 3 6 7 BUKU GIŖINGWA 2 TA KYIKYI’BA RO 88 9 LOSI OYE ASIYA YA Ama a’di owo ya Ama lidri kyiro kwori gboko Bajrangi ro ro. Maa ori kägyi aza ävuruna Balapur, ‘bädri Bundelkhand ro ya, kyitori ya India ro ya. Kyiro kwori gboko amaro ro amote imba Augusto ro si, ndroa na 2016. Vo ngaogye ro giŗingwa orivoya Balapur ya. Oko vo ‘desi nga ziraa ro cini okyero loto ti ama lomvo orivoya Karwi ya. Ozona ama lovo si a’dona ndi oso 12 km ronye. Yau ono ma omba kwori chickpeas, green gram, adasi, linseed, mustard, pea, känyu, ruzu, inya ndi wheat be ro dri. Maa ruzu, wheat ndi chickpea be kyi’dina ogyeni suu ya. Anjoka ngase maa be kyi’dina ‘do ro onyani amari. Azaka si ma kpa ogyena fere tesi vo nga ogyero giŗingwa amaro ono ya. Maa ngaopa kyikyi’ba ro usuna ondo alo ni Deendayal Research Institute (India) ndi Bioversity International be resi. 1010 11 Ngase male unine voalo yasi Male amiri ta azaka kyikyi’ba ro unini ta losi oye kyiro kwori gboko ro ta. Male amiri ta ‘desi azaka ndi losi oye kyiro kwori gboko ro ro unini, se ka oye ami lepeni liti amiro kyiro ro ya. Kyiro kwori gboko cini ro bero ndana ri a’doni lidri be se ni ta ngye azaka kyikyi’ba ro te ti’de ti’de. Ono le losi ändä ago ka oye u’du uruni amba. 1212 13 1. Onji ngaonya se cini abe kyi’dina ndi kale koto kwori keci robe Kwori engwoni ago beti kwori engwoni ro mile dämbini (ombani drina ya) kyiro kwori gboko amiro roya? Kwori se ombani drina ya käti ni kwori se azaka ka ngaonya ozo be nyalakpa lidri gboko amiro ro ri: ‘ditoko ndi manoago be, ngaga ndi ‘desi be, lidri ngabe ndi se ngabe fere be, ävuoso’ba se loto ti ago se lozo ‘do be cini. Gboko amba kyiro kwori ro ka mio’ba kwori azaka se jete ago se azaka te toto fere ‘do dri ago se azakana ndana kuluwa be ndra ‘do ombani drina ya ayani. Lidri ka kwori ole betina dri, ombana dri ago ndeŗi na dri. ‘Ditoko ndi manoago be tadriole ndana ro ta kwori kado dämbi ni ro ya, a’doko alo. ‘Do o’bani dri amiro ya ondro nyaa te ta driole kwori dämbi ni au. Yau ono ävuoso’ba amba lete kwori se azaka ikyi’di te oko ka oye ombani kado ro ayani bu u’di gi kabe ugu ru gyero ono ya. Be amiri ondeni kode ami ndi lidri be amba se kuni ta kyikyi’ba ro be ago se kuni ta kwori amba dämbi robe. Azaye kode mile na eto dämbi ni toto kwori fere si. Ondro mini ta kwori dämbi ro te kaado ro oko midena gwo kwori dämbini amba. 1414 15 2. A’do kwori keci ro adravo ako ago ede kwori ro a’doni wäŗi Tase ‘desi mbara ta kwori ku’du ro ya nino: • Miri inya ävu miro ya täkyi ni kado ro. • Kwori uruni ni vo cini ävuro yasi. • Kwori uruni ni inya kode däbäŗi se komba be kado ro tenye adravo ako ‘do yasi. • Inya gi kedre be ävu kalasi ‘do, miru kwori koni kigyr si. • Miri ondreni kado ro dri inya ro se adravo ako ago dongo se aza adravo ako ‘do onjini ayani. Ondro nyoto kwori keci te vo alo ya oko, nyuku’du keci kwori se cici be kigye ‘do ago se adravo be ‘do cini vuru. Nyate kwori lu’bi oko, kpa ogoni kwori se cici be ago adravo be ‘do ku’duni tana cici ndi adravo be ka ugu lithi ondro mi’ba kwori te kuru au. 1616 17 3. Egyi kwori ro buku ya A’doni miri buku aza kwori se abe o’bana kyiro ya ago uruna be ni kyiro ya ‘do egyi zana cini vuru. Miri ävuru kwori ro, betina, ävuru ävuoso’ba ro ndi villigi kode gboko ndana ro ndi tu (u’du) se ezi kwori be sina cini egyini buku ya. Ondro nya’do te mizani be, kpa längyi kwori ro ojoni tana äni ro be a’ba kwori kyiro ya mu’du engwonye ndroa alo ya ya. Gboko kyiro kwori ro azaka na se komba be kado ro ‘do ndana buku kwori egyi ro be ritu. Alodina kwori se ka eci be kyiro ya, ago azana kwori se ka ofo beni kyiro yasi ‘do egyiro. Azakana buku be ndrani ritu drisi. Buku orivoya ta ävuoso’ba se ka kwori ezibe kyiro ya ‘do egyiro. Azana ta kwori se cini o’bana kyiro ya ‘do egyiro. Nina na ta kwori se cini kuje (ko’de be di) be ni gboko ya ‘do egyi zana. Buku ŗiri ta kwori egyi ro ‘do ya nyusuna egyi ta koyi, Ävuru se gboko ka kwori uzi be sina (Ävuru kwori ro kala amiro, Lidri ka e’di oye kwori ‘do si ya, Ta kado kwori ‘do ro amiri e’di ya, A’do kado na gboko ri mu’du engwonye ya (status), Beti kwori ‘do ro engwonye ya (characheristics), Akyi’di na engwonye ya, Vo azaka se akyi’dina be kigyesi ‘do, ‘Bu ku’di kote kadoro ago cici ka’do te oko, mba ndi kadoro ago wa dongo ndi ya, A’do kado na lomvo ri e’di ya, Lidri ka ndi losi oye sina ta la’bi ro ya ago ta Lu ro ya ya. 1818 19 4. Ede kwori ro ndi omba drina ya kyiro ya be Kwori ka’do te orini kyiro ya kado ro, bero kwori ‘do ri owini kado ro. Keci käyi ro ndi inya toto robe ndi kawa be a’doni i’dwo kigye. Durufu ndi singo ago kuni giŗingwa be kpa a’doni i’dwo kigye. Ka’do te kwori ri a’doni wäŗi, adravo ako, ago orini lidri idri ro, kyiro omoni kado ro. Ago liti se nya omba be kwori dri ‘do a’doni kado ro. Gboko amba kyiro kwori ro be, kayi liti ‘bädri ndana ro kwori dämbi ro, ago nga kyi’di ro oyena ayani. Azakana ka dämbina kyini ya, lakaza ede ni kodra yasi ya ago azakana ka omba drina ya kuru ya. Kayi kwori ndana ro ewi na kyitu eme dri, nd ii’dwe gwo a’degwo o’bani vo dämbina ro ya. Liti kwori dämbi ro anya ro ‘do orivoye kado para. Yau ono gboko azaka kai kwori ndana ro dämbi na te kisi plastic ro ya, azakana ka dämbi na malangi ya ago baramula ya, se azakana ede te oli ri ociako kigye ondro a’ba kwori te kigye au. Suwali azaka ‘desi, se ‘ba oli ndi gyi be ko ocini ‘do kayi kpa kwori dämbi kigye. Mayaka azaka edeni zeolite yasi (“aluminosilicate beads”). Andana ovo kwori yasi tana aza gyi oci ‘da kwori ya. 2020 21 4. Ede kwori ro ndi omba drina ya kyiro ya be Toto gboko fere azaka, oko gboko amba gboko kyiro kwori ro ndana nga aza aku temborocha ndi gyi oli ya kyiro ndana ro ya o’bazani ngye. Kyiro ya keme kote ago oli gi kyiro ya ‘do gyi ako, o’bana kwori orini ndroa amba. Ondo alo a’do gyi oliya kyiro amiro ro ya ‘do unini tana ko’ba mini a’do kado kwori ro bena. Tase o’bani dri ya ni koyi: √ Vo kyiro ya ko a’doni emero (temborocha na ko osani 350 C) tana aza kwori onga ‘da. √ Nga gi abe kwori oso kigye ‘do (kode edeni ludri yasi, kode glassi, kode plastiki yasi) bero a’doni wäŗi, teinye cici ndi adravo be ako. √ Gyi oliya kyiro ya ro, teinye dri kwori o’ba ako, a’doni toto fere tana kwori onga ‘da. 2222 23 5. Kwori täkyi Ka’do te kwori gi a’ba be kyiro ya ‘do ri orini kado ro teinye adravo ako, bero amiri kwori täkyini perena alodi imba ya. Ämiri lakaza gi miso kwori be kigye ‘do lomvo na täkyini tana aza ya, reŗo te. Amiri kwori fere uruni ondreni kode cici ndi adravo be cite kwori amiro ya. Ondro nyusu te adravo kode cici kate oci kwori ya oko, mi’ba koci ko kwori cini ya. Kwori se cini cici be ago adravo be ‘do nyuku’du cini vuru. Mida kwori ‘do vuru ago nyepere yana owini kyitu dri. Ago miri lakaza gi miso kwori be kigye ‘do yana oyoni edeni a’doni wäŗi, mi’de gwo ogoni kwori osoni kigye. 2424 25 6. Kwori kyi’di to’dina lofoni Kyiro kwori gboko amba ro kayi kwori anya ro uku ‘do kyi’dina ogoni to’ina lofoni ndroa cini si tana kwori komba ro ri kado ro gyini ndana ro ya. Ondro madrasa ävuoso’ba ro (“farmers’ field school”) ndi college zira ro ka’do te orivoya vo amiro ya, ndana kani kwori to’di kyi’di na ndroa cini si. Ondro ädämbi kwori te kado ro ndroa na fere amba, ikyi’di na ago olofona kwori to’di ni kigye si ndroa cini nji kode ndroa nji drieri (5 – 7) vosi. Kwori ‘do ka’do te kwori idwo be yi, olofona to’dina ndroa cini nätu kode su vosi (3 – 4). Kwori to’di änina ndi kyi’dini ago lofoni ni ävu gboko kyiro kwori ro yasi. Ävuoso’ba azaka gboko amiro ya unina ndi gyini ävu anya ro ro fere azana ozoni kwori to’di kyi’di zana. ‘Dooko anjioko ävuoso’ba alodi ka oye te kwori alodi kode ritu vona ondreni. Gboko azaka kyiro kwori ro ro leyi ävuoso’ba cini gboko ndana ro ya kwori alodi to’dina kyi’dine ndroa alodi cini ya, ni kwori betina cini kyiro ndana ro yasi. Gboko azaka ävuoso’ba ro kayi kwori to’di kyi’dina amba, ogyeni gboko azaka ri. Oko le ävuoso’ba ri ta nga kyi’di ro ago nga logye ro unini kado ro. Kwori gi nyädämbi be ‘do, amiri feregwa na azana uruni ri, tu azaka si kyi’dini tana nyojo onga na ro be. 2626 27 7. Kwori urune miri ni kyiro kwori gboko ro yasi Gboko amiro lidri na cini tadri oleni ta kwori uru ro ni kyiro kwori gboko ro yasi ta. Anjioko ‘do a’doni nonye: √ Amiri ta dri oleni kode kwori ozoni toto lidri kyiro kwori gboko ro ri, kode kpa ozoni lidri se ko gboko kyiro ro ri. √ Amiri ota o’bani kode lidri se kesa te käti ozo dori ndana ri, kode kwori ozoni ojo ojo ro lidri cini gboko ro ri, kode toto ozoni lidri azaka gboko ya ri ya. √ Liti ngye o’bani ta vo kwori logo ro kyiro ya ro ta ago logoni mu’du engwonye ya. √ Ta dri oleni amiri lidri se kologo vo kwori ro ko ndri, ago se kologo ko cu‘do tana oyeni engwonye ya. √ Kwori ozona be lidri ri ‘do egyini cini vuru kado ro liti kado yasi. Male amiri kwori se cini ka eci be ago ka ofo beni kyiro ya ‘do egyini buku ya kado ro. Tana mini robe a’di usu kwori ni ago a’di usu ko ya; o’bana ami kpa unini kwori engwoni lidri le ndra ya. Ka kpa ami o’ba unini ale kwori mu’du engwonye ndroa alodi ya ya. 2828 29 Ta egyi buku ya, ago egyite fere Buku giŗingwa ono egyi ta kyikyi’ba ro koyi te kigye: 1. Onji ngaonya se ale be kyi’dini ro ago oto kwori ro vo alo ya. Ono egyi ta kwori se cini ale be o’bani kyiro kwori gboko ro ya ‘do ro. 2. A’do kwori ro adravo ako ndi lu’bi kwori ro be a’doni wäŗi. Ono egyi ta uru fere kwori ro ndi kwori keci se adravo ako ‘do ku’duna. 3. Egyi kwori ro buku ya. Mini na ndi tase cini unini ta kwori ro ta egyini buku toto yasi. 4. Ede kwori ro ndi dämbi na be. Ono egyi ta kwori dämbi ro la’bi ‘bädri ro voro, ago liti to’di yau ono ya. Liti to’di kwori dämbi ro ka kwori o’ba a’doni owi owi ro, kawa ako, durufu ako ago kpa kuni giŗingwa ako. 5. Kwori täkyi. Oni le amiri a’do kwori ro kado ro kyiro ya täkyini ondo alo. 6. Kyi’di kwori to’di ro. Ono egyi liti cini kwori to’di lofo ro. 7. Kwori uru ni kyiro kwori gboko ro yasi. Ono egyi ta ota o’ba ta kwori oci ro ago efo ro ni kyiro ya ndi lidri gboko ya kaoye kwori usuni ni kyiro ya engwonye ya. Ono ni ädu buku giŗingwa ŗiri amaro ta emba ndi voondre kyiro kwori gboko ro ta. Ta kyikyi’ba ro Yau ono mazana mite buku giŗingwa nätu 3 dri. Voondre, losi oye lidri azi be, ndi tase a’ba be oyeni ndi ädu losi se aro be siro siro. Dori buku riri giringwa ya! Ta lidri kegyi buku ono be ro Ronnie Vernooy ka losi oye Bioversity International Wageningen, Netherlands ya. Ronnie ci losi oye Bioversity International be October 2011 si. Ndana ye losi te ta “conservation and sustainable use of agricultural bioversity” ro ya ndra ni ndroa 25 drisi bädri koyi yasi: China, Colombia, Cuba, Honduras, Mongolia, Napoli, Nicaragua, South Africa ndi Vietnam be. Losi Ndana ro ta se ale be oyeni ndi ota se cini a’ba be ta “plant genetic resources” ro ya. Guy Bessette. Ndana iŗe, ka losi oye lidri se kole te losi oyeni ndana ri ‘do ri. Ndana ni Gatineau, Quebec, Canada yasi. Guy ye losi te ta “development communication, social learning, ndi natural resources management” ro ya Africa ya ndi Southeast Asia be. Yau ono ndana ka ngaopa oye losi azaka se Bioversity International kole be oyeni ta kwori ro ya ‘do ya. Bhuwon Sthapit (drate). Bhuwon orivoya “plant breeder” yi, cite losi oye Bioversity International be 1997 si, “in situ conservation specialist” ro. Käti ono ye losi Malasia ya, ‘do vosi ndana oyi gwo India ya, ago le odra ndana ro ya Auguat 2007 si ndana ka losi oye Napal ya. Research ndana ro ‘desi ni ta “participatory methods to assess and use agricultural biodiversity, participatory crop management, in situ and on-farm conservation, home gardens, communitybased biodiversity management,” ndi kyiro kwori gboko ro be. Arnab Gupta. PhD (Seed Science and Technology). Ndana “agroecology and seed system scientist” yi, ka losi oye Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation ya ‘bädri the Netherlands ro ya. Teinye oyi ako the Netherlands ya, ndana ye losi te India ya, ka ngaopa oye kyiro kwori gboko ri ta “dry-storing seed storage theory and practice” ro ya. Losi ndana ro azana ävuoso’ba embani ndi lidri “genebank” ro be ta losi oye “zeolite beads technology” ro ori kwori ro ndroa amba lidiri ro ya, “genebanks” ya ago kpa kyiro kwori gboko ro ya. James Odra Galla, BSc Hons (Agriculture). MSc (Crop Science), PhD (Crop Physiology). Ndana Ka miemba University of Juba ya. Ndana logo buku giŗingwa ono ni moru si. Kennedy Crispo Galla, BSc, MSc (Education Biology) proof-read buku giŗingwa ono ni. Ndana ka miemba School of Education ro ya, University of Juba. Ago ndana kpa ni Head, Department Biology ro school of Education ya. Salah Khatir Jubarah BSc (Agric), MSc (Animal Production), PhD (Animal Nutrition) and DIC (Animal Science). Ndana ‘ba egyi buku giŗingwa ono ro ni a’doni tefe. Ndana, Dean School, Natural Resources ndi Environmental Studies, University of Juba ro. TA MARO 38 The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) is part of CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future. https://alliancebioversityciat.org/ ISBN: 978-92-9255-305-0 https://alliancebioversityciat.org/