Sustainable CIAT Annual Report Food Futures 2015–2016 A Synthesis Getting the Fundamentals Right © CIAT 2016 ISSN 1909-5570 Press run: 500 May 2016 This is a synthesis of the full version of CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016: Sustainable Food Futures: Getting the Fundamentals Right available online at: http://annualreport2015.ciat.cgiar.org/ Web design and development Stéfanie Neno Alejandro Marulanda Writing and editing Neil Palmer Stéfanie Neno Georgina Smith Adriana Varón Melissa Reichwage Paul Blake Juliet Braslow André Zandstra Martina Mascarenhas (CGIAR Gender Network section) Vanessa Meadu (CCAFS section) Meike Andersson, Vidushi Sinha (HarvestPlus section) Printed version Stéfanie Neno Neil Palmer Paul Blake Design and layout Daniel E. Gutiérrez Ortiz Production editing Victoria Eugenia Rengifo Photo credits Georgina Smith Neil Palmer Stéfanie Neno Stephanie Malyon Adriana Varón Paul Blake Juliet Braslow Manon Koningstein Joslin Isaacson (HarvestPlus) Printing Imágenes Gráficas Cali, Colombia Contents 2 At a glance 6 Message from the Board Chair and Director General 8 Building the fundamentals of sustainable food systems by 8 Preserving ecosystem services 8 • Deforestation monitoring system goes global 8 • Soil restoration in Ethiopia: Not so dirt cheap 9 • Enhancing ecosystem services for greater economic and social benefits in Latin America 9 Harvesting big data 9 • Pioneering a big data revolution in agriculture 10 • Genome editing in rice: As simple as cut and paste? 10 • Timescales for climate change adaptation in sub-Saharan Africa 11 Climate-proofing agriculture 11 • Spreading climate smartness in Latin America 11 • Climate-smart agriculture: Turning commitments into action 12 • Bovine intervention: Making livestock production more sustainable 12 Making food systems sustainable 12 • A global movement for healthier people and a healthier planet 13 • Breaking the bottlenecks to bean seed systems in Africa 13 • What’s in your noodle soup? Cassava’s inconspicuous ubiquity 14 • LINK methodology: Four years successfully linking farmers to markets 14 Conserving plant genetic resources for “future-proofing” our food supply 17 International Year of Pulses 2016 18 International Year of Soils 2015 - Soils, the foundation of prosperous societies 19 CIAT and CGIAR 19 • CCAFS - 2015: The year in advancing climate-smart agriculture 20 • HarvestPlus: On its way to reaching 1 billion people by 2030 21 • CIAT and the CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Research Network 22 CIAT today 22 • Financial highlights 23 • Donors and partners 24 Publications (selection) CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 1 At a glance CIAT worldwide 310 Active projects 77 New projects in 2015 We work in 53 countries and have 21 offices and field operation sites around the world. CIAT has a total of 968 staff across three regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Many are based from our regional offices located in Colombia (HQ), Kenya, and Vietnam. Publications In the last year, CIAT published 192 scientific publications and 40 datasets. 21 Journal Books 135 articles 82 of these journal articles 9 Book are chapters 19 Policy briefs 8 Conference papers 40Datasets CIAT and the Sustainable Development Goals Less than a year after world leaders adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, CIAT is already hard at work to advance each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The new objectives build on the Millennium Development Goals, and define a new era of sustainable development that hopes to see tremendous progress made for the environment, as well as the social and economic welfare of all people. While CIAT’s strategy is in many ways connected to all 17 goals, six are particularly central to CIAT’s mission. In most developing countries, the CIAT makes affordable, high-quality agriculture sector is the single largest food more easily available by enhancing employer. Promoting smallholder agricultural productivity as well as by agriculture is integral to ending boosting the nutritional quality of staple poverty. CIAT works to lift smallholder crops. For example, our scientists are farmers out of poverty, through our increasing the natural iron content of LivestockPlus initiative, which looks beans and preparing them for an ever to boost milk and meat production, our warmer climate, calling on important work on crop and agricultural practice improvement, and policy crop diversity held in trust at CIAT’s genebank. Taking an integrated research that promotes inclusive rural income growth. To ensure approach, CIAT’s FoodLens initiative enables countries across the such advancements leave no one behind, we work to achieve tropics to provide consumers with easy access to healthy food. equality between men and women. At the heart of healthy lives is good food. As the world urbanizes, agricultural value CIAT is working to make sure that health chains are becoming more complex, and well-being are promoted through the providing new opportunities for development of biofortified staple foods, economic growth, but also presenting which boost nutrients often lacking in the risk that small-scale producers and low-income households. It also uses processors will be left behind. CIAT cutting-edge techniques to analyze how experts are working to make smallholder much of a crop’s micronutrient content agriculture more market oriented and is retained from harvest to food consumption, according to different competitive by developing tools and knowledge to strengthen recipes and practices from various countries. value chains, while also working with the private sector to promote inclusive business models. Climate change is arguably the biggest Terrestrial ecosystems are more threat facing humanity. With a historic important than ever to meet the world’s agreement concluded at COP21 in Paris, food needs. That’s why CIAT works to international cooperation will focus on improve soil management from farm preventing, adapting to, and mitigating plots to whole landscapes to ensure the effects of this major global challenge. that ecosystem services provide the Through its leadership of the CGIAR benefits that are essential for sustainable Research Program on Climate Change, development. CIAT is also investing in Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), CIAT contributes data a new global hub for crop diversity to better conserve more than and methods that help countries climate-proof their agricultural 66,000 unique bean, tropical forage, and cassava materials in its sector. genebank and make them available to the world. #AR4D – A year of innovations in agricultural research for development 5Q approach – Smart feedback Participatory in development projects ecosystem services mapping 5Q asks five questions at regular intervals to each The lack of tools to rapidly assess and visualize how stakeholder group, rapidly analyzes responses, and landscapes and related ecosystem services will be altered assesses necessary adjustments. By making the process by climate change is a serious challenge. Using high- responsive and effective, and by ensuring mutual resolution imagery from Google Earth, this new approach accountability and integration of stakeholders in a new way, engages communities to learn how they access and use 5Q is revolutionizing monitoring and evaluation for research natural resources, determines the extent of the coming and development projects. landscape changes, and prompts discussions on adaptation and mitigation options. CONTACT Anton Eitzinger a.eitzinger@cgiar.org CONTACT Justine Cordingley j.cordingley@cgiar.org Drones in agriculture: Precision agriculture poised to take off Plotting opportunities and risk to drive investment Thanks to their ability to hover low over fields with sensors, drones provide accurate information on what is being grown Working with the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor and where, as well as the ability to rapidly evaluate the status of Tanzania, scientists at CIAT are helping to drive large of crops. This means they can help improve “site-specific investments – both internal and external – in the region, agriculture,” a data-driven approach to agronomy, which by developing an online tool that provides investors with helps farmers adjust production to spatial variations in information about what risks their projects may face in a growing conditions. given area. Among other properties, the tool is expected to be able to provide investors with information related to crop CONTACTS suitability, water and irrigation access, various topographical Michael Selvaraj m.selvaraj@cgiar.org Louis Reymondin l.reymondin@cgiar.org features, and the proximity of special zones such as wildlife corridors. With this information in hand, investors will have the ability to explore new regions and projects that were once deemed too risky because basic information was not readily available. CONTACTS Evan Girvetz e.girvetz@cgiar.org Ravic Nijbroek r.nijbroek@cgiar.org Sequencing Cassava DNA fingerprinting the cassava genome to discover and preserve unknown varieties CIAT has started the sequencing of the first entire global CIAT scientists extracted DNA and conducted DNA crop collection, and scientists are about a year away fingerprinting to identify what varieties farmers grow in from defining cassava’s pan-genome, although there are Colombia and Vietnam. This will ultimately allow researchers still another 5,000 varieties of the 6,643 to complete the to assess farmer variety adoption and ensure all known picture. Thanks to next-generation sequencing (NGS), the cassava varieties are conserved in CIAT’s genebank. In process is faster, cheaper, and more accurate. Once the Colombia, the work has uncovered dozens of varieties that genome is fully decoded, scientists will be able to are not yet conserved in CIAT’s collection. home-in on the genes responsible for increasing yields, boosting protein content, and improving resistance CONTACT Ricardo Labarta r.labarta@cgiar.org to pests, and they’ll even be able to breed cassava in silico (on the computer) to establish the most effective combinations of parent plants to produce offspring with the most valuable traits. SOC, a new online app to calculate CONTACT Luis Augusto Becerra l.a.becerra@cgiar.org carbon captured in soil SOC calculates the organic carbon content of a particular soil, as well as the quantity of carbon that would be Radar - Phenomics: An eye sequestered by soil conservation practices. With the underground ability to adjust variables and see results in real time, the application visualizes how sequestration would unfold over time, factoring in both the dynamic biological processes of Ground-penetrating radars (GPRs) are used to see what’s sequestration and the rate of adoption of soil conserving below the ground. In 2014, when CIAT began using this management practices. technology to assess cassava root development, GPRs were the size of a large vacuum cleaner. Today, they look CONTACT Rolf Sommer r.sommer@cgiar.org more like a smartphone on a selfie stick and can detect biomass without disrupting the soil, which is essential for efforts to improve crops. CONTACT Michael Selvaraj m.selvaraj@cgiar.org Message from the Board Chair and Director General Over the past year, CIAT has continued to work across the New era in crop improvement tropics to improve food and nutrition security to benefit rural The International Year of Pulses (IYP 2016) – among which livelihoods, while ensuring access to healthy and sustainable common bean is, by far, the most important in terms of harvests for the urban poor. From farmers’ fields to business global production – is providing further opportunities to enterprises and government offices, our research targeting scale out the impact of CIAT’s research on this crop. A key development impact demonstrated in many ways the validity message of IYP 2016 is that it’s time to boost investment of the eco-efficiency concept that has guided the Center’s in beans, a call to which the US Agency for International work for nearly a decade. It also provided the groundwork Development (USAID) and other donors are already for the idea of “sustainable food futures,” the theme of this responding. year’s annual report. Blueprints for action In collaboration with our partners, our research contributes A highlight of World Food Prize Foundation’s 2015 Borlaug to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. As a Dialogue was a CIAT-moderated session on “precision global organization, one of CIAT’s key strengths is drawing agriculture and big data,” which was usefully informed on worldwide expertise and knowledge for solutions to local by a prize-winning approach using big data analytics to challenges across the tropics. provide farmers with site-specific recommendations for the Seeding innovation production of rice and other staples. This emerged from a Getting the fundamentals right is vital if countries across project co-developed with Colombia’s Ministry of Agriculture the tropics are to succeed in delivering food and nutrition and Rural Development (MADR) to better shield agriculture security for growing populations in the face of intensifying from climate variability. environmental pressures. The World Bank has put its weight behind an initiative This challenge was brought into sharp focus by the EATx that started last year in Latin America to develop country Cali Forum, held at CIAT headquarters last October. profiles on climate-smart agriculture (CSA). These enable Convened in collaboration with Norway’s EAT initiative, the policymakers and donors to quickly and easily review the event’s program focused on rural-urban issues related to opportunities for CSA prioritization at a national level. The access to sustainably produced, affordable, nutritious food. profiles contribute importantly to the work of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), which CIAT leads. Board of Trustees members This land is our land Geoffrey Hawtin, (Chair), Private Consultant, United At the end of 2015, CIAT brought to fruition an intensive, Kingdom year-long campaign for the International Year of Soils. Involving communications, outreach, and partner John Edward Hamer, (Vice Chair), Private Consultant, USA engagement, the campaign heightened the Center’s unique Graham Joscelyne, (Audit Committee Chair), Managing soils research capacities, leading to new options for project Director Joscelyne + Associates, Inc., Republic of South development with partners in Colombia, Denmark, France, Africa and Germany. Juan Camilo Restrepo, Private Consultant, Colombia The soils campaign culminated at the 2015 Global Landscapes Forum (GLF), which took place in December at Charles Rice, Kansas State University, Distinguished Paris, alongside the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) Professor, Soil Microbiology, USA to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Agnes Casiple Rola, Professor of Public Policy, University Change (UNFCCC). of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines Staying the course Nancy O. Andrews, President and CEO of the Low Income This year, the Center stayed firmly on track in its pursuit of Investment Fund (LIIF), USA sustainable food futures for tropical agriculture – a great testament to the dedication, ingenuity, and perseverance of Aurelio Iragorri Valencia, (ex officio), Minister of its scientific and administrative staff, and its many partners. Agriculture and Rural Development, Colombia Most importantly, the merit of CIAT’s work is clearly evident Ignacio Mantilla, (ex officio), President, National University in the dialogues, decisions, and actions happening in of Colombia, Colombia government offices, community meetings, and farmers’ Juan Lucas Restrepo, (ex officio), Executive Director, fields around the world. Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Corpoica), Colombia Ruben G. Echeverría, (ex officio), CIAT Director General, Uruguay Geoffrey Hawtin Chair, Board of Trustees Ruben G. Echeverría Director General Building the fundamentals of sustainable food systems by Preserving ecosystem services Deforestation monitoring system Soil restoration in Ethiopia: goes global Not so dirt cheap After several years monitoring the forests of Latin America, Terra-i Soil loss in Ethiopia is an expensive problem. While farmers – the eye in the sky – is now expanding its vision to cover the realized they were losing soil, they didn’t know how much, nor how tropical forests of Africa and Asia. to tackle it. At the same time, researchers at CIAT and key partners involved in the Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the “The Amazon rainforest is often described as the lungs of Next Generation (Africa RISING) project had identified top drivers the Earth, but the forests of the Congo Basin, Malaysia, of soil loss, such as poor land management combined with intense and Indonesia are some of the most diverse and rainfall on bare, sloping land. important in the world, and they’re also facing enormous CIAT is leading the Integrated Landscape Management component pressure. The launch of Terra-i in Africa and Southeast of the Africa RISING project, which involves collecting and Asia will enable policymakers to see exactly where the analyzing soil data to advise communities about better land and hotspots are and how they are changing. In turn, that water management practices to protect the whole landscape. information can help them develop stronger policies for Sustainable intensification, the team argued, can best be done forest conservation,” through tackling soil erosion at the whole landscape level – rather Louis Reymondin, than at farm plot level. Terra-i team leader and the system’s chief architect Through high-resolution satellite imagery, the community has The CIAT-developed system uses satellite images and a lot of helped researchers identify and map soil erosion hotspots, and number crunching to track deforestation. Terra-i has already been farmers and researchers have discussed what actions to take. adopted by the Peruvian Government as its official deforestation Two years later, the proof is literally in the landscape. The early warning system in the country’s share of the Amazon community has built check dams, ditches, and ponds, and rainforest. water has percolated through to the lower part of the watershed. As well as revealing the magnitude of deforestation, the Trial data shows doubled yields in some areas following good information generated by Terra-i can also be used to quantify the agronomic practices and appropriate fertilizer application. enormous carbon dioxide emissions generated by forest clearance. This information in turn can help governments and the private CONTACT sector put a price on forest conservation. Lulseged Desta, Soil Scientist lt.desta@cgiar.org Terra-i is the result of years of collaboration between CIAT, King’s College London, and the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland (HEIG-VD). It is funded by The Nature Conservancy, World Resources Institute, Global Forest Watch, and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA). CONTACT Louis Reymondin, Monitoring System Specialist l.reymondin@cgiar.org 8 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right Harvesting big data Enhancing ecosystem services Pioneering a big data revolution for greater economic and social benefits in agriculture in Latin America Scientists at CIAT are applying big data tools to pinpoint strategies Sustainable management of rural lands can help improve that improve the lives of farmers in developing countries who are ecosystem services while also offering alternatives for land uses facing the effects of a changing climate. that generate increased economic and social benefits for local Traditionally, agronomists conduct small field experiments under communities. delicately controlled conditions, but today CIAT scientists are using In El Salvador, for example, the Agroforestry for Biodiversity and large, uncontrolled, real-world data sets. Applying cutting-edge Ecosystem Services (ABES) project is tackling deforestation analytics, they scour the data and produce highly site-specific, and land degradation potentially related to livestock production. reliable recommendations. The project introduced slash-and-mulch agroforestry systems CIAT’s work has already yielded game-changing discoveries for the for the cultivation of maize and beans, and a component related Colombian rice industry – solutions that can be easily scaled out to pasture research. The system, already adopted successfully and broadened to include other crops. Using country-wide records in Honduras and Nicaragua, enabled farmers in El Salvador of historical climatic conditions, yields, and farming practices to drastically change the landscape, reverse degradation, and provided by Colombia’s National Federation of Rice Growers especially increase their resilience to drought. (FEDEARROZ), CIAT scientists developed highly site-specific The Sustainable Amazonian Landscapes (SAL) project in the recommendations that avoided important financial losses due to a Colombian and Peruvian Amazon is implementing a landscape delayed rainy season. approach to assess current land uses and identify together with Looking ahead, the scientists are planning to incorporate data on the communities – which depend on both agriculture and the soils, pests, diseases, financial costs, and other factors to widen tropical forest for their livelihoods – potential practices that are the explanatory power of the approach. They are also working more sustainable from an ecosystem services and socioeconomic to develop new ways of capturing and analyzing data that could perspective. further strengthen their methods. Their work has caught the CIAT also continues to provide its support to the Peruvian Ministry attention of partners such as the World Bank, which is working of Environment (MINAM) to develop the necessary technical with CIAT scientists to scale out successes in Latin America and tools, strengthen the legal framework, and monitor progress in Africa. implementing the law on payment for ecosystem services (PES) CONTACT that CIAT had helped design back in 2014. Daniel Jiménez, Agronomy Scientist CONTACT d.jimenez@cgiar.org Marcela Quintero, Theme Leader, Ecosystem Services m.quintero@cgiar.org CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 9 Harvesting big data Genome editing in rice: Timescales for climate change adaptation As simple as cut and paste? in sub-Saharan Africa It’s a technique that’s still in its infancy, but genome editing offers CIAT and its partners have long used computer modeling to promising new ways to boost the productivity and nutritional value understand the impact of climate change on staple crops around of food crops. the world. But this year, for the first time, they used the models to It involves cutting, copying, and pasting molecules in a plant’s show when changes in policy and practice need to take place in genome sequence to change the plant’s characteristics. CIAT has sub-Saharan Africa. been using a technology called CRISPR (for clustered, regularly “The study tells us where, and crucially when, interspaced, short palindromic repeat), which came to light in 2012 and is extremely cost-effective compared to other genome editing interventions need to be made to stop climate change techniques. destroying vital food supplies in Africa,” Scientists used CRISPR to create a “drooping leaf” effect in IR64, Julian Ramírez-Villegas, lead author of the study a rice variety developed by its CGIAR sister center the International The team examined, region by region, the likely effect of different Rice Research Institute (IRRI). IR64 has been incorporated into climate change scenarios on nine crops that constitute 50% of hundreds of improved rice varieties, which have been released in a food production in sub-Saharan Africa. While six of the crops are dozen countries and are grown on millions of hectares. If genome expected to remain stable, up to 30% of areas growing maize and editing for important agronomical traits could give more of an bananas, and up to 60% of those producing beans are projected to edge to this already superior rice, the benefits would reach many become unviable by the end of the century. millions of people. Some growing areas will need “transformational adaptation” within “There are so many opportunities for speeding up the the next ten years, which could range from changing the type rate of crop improvement using gene editing. The beauty of crop grown, or in extreme circumstances, moving away from agriculture altogether. is that the raw material – the genetic information – is Given that options such as breeding improved crops can take already there in the plants; we just need to activate or 15 years or more to complete, the study, published in Nature deactivate them,” Climate Change, stressed the need for prompt action by Paul Chavarriaga in CIAT’s Biotechnology Unit policymakers. With the concept now proven in IR64, scientists hope it can be CONTACT applied to other parts of the rice genome to “switch” traits on or Julian Ramírez-Villegas off. It could also help boost the nutritional value of staple food Climate Change Modeling Scientist crops such as cassava, its resistance to bacterial or viral diseases, j.r.villegas@cgiar.org or modify starch quality in its roots. CONTACT Paul Chavarriaga, Molecular Biologist p.chavarriaga@cgiar.org 10 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right Climate-proofing agriculture Spreading climate smartness Climate-smart agriculture: in Latin America Turning commitments into action In 2013, Colombia embraced climate-smart agriculture (CSA) At the COP21 Conference in Paris in December 2015, four-fifths of to improve the capacity of its agricultural sector to respond to UN member states included agriculture in their commitments to climatic changes, reduce losses, and increase productivity and tackle climate change. The next step is for countries to turn these competitiveness. into specific action plans for climate-smart agriculture (CSA). A formal agreement was soon signed between CIAT and the CSA country profiles can help with this by showing how different Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR, its investments in agriculture can achieve combinations of climate Spanish acronym). This resulted, among other things, in the change adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable production. production and dissemination of agro-climatic forecasts to Once countries have refined their COP21 plans, financing them support decision-making. These helped avoid significant economic will be a major issue. There is the UN Green Climate Fund and losses for 170 rice farmers in Montería, in the country’s Córdoba many CSA-friendly donors too. But in a world where many farmers Department, during the intense summer of 2014. By following a are often part of larger – sometimes international – value chains, recommendation to change the planting date, farmers saved private companies in these chains have a vested interest in the 1,800 hectares of rice from being destroyed. resilience of the farms that supply them. It seems reasonable that CSA has now also reached Peru, with the publication in 2014 of they share the cost. a CSA country profile financed by the World Bank. The profile As part of the US Government’s Feed the Future Initiative, USAID provided a snapshot of current conditions and farming practices, has established a “learning community” involving farmers and and weighed up promising options that the government and agribusinesses, which will be led by CIAT, the Sustainable Food financial institutions could adopt to climate-proof their agricultural Lab, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and sector. social investment fund Root Capital. It aims to build the business Inspired by the Colombian experience, the Honduran Secretariat of case for private sector investment in CSA. Agriculture and Livestock (SAG, its Spanish acronym) also signed With the need for CSA now firmly established, CIAT and its a collaboration agreement with CIAT at the end of 2015 with the partners’ work is helpingvv countries turn their commitments into aim of climate-proofing its own agricultural sector. actions. CONTACT CSA profiles now available at http://bit.ly/1Wc87c0: Andy Jarvis, Research Area Director Decision and Policy Analysis (DAPA) Argentina Grenada Sinaloa, Mexico Sri Lanka Colombia Kenya Nicaragua Uruguay a.jarvis@cgiar.org Costa Rica Mexico Peru El Salvador Chiapas, Mexico Rwanda CONTACT Andreea Nowak, Environmental Policy Specialist a.c.nowak@cgiar.org CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 11 Climate-proofing agriculture Making food systems sustainable Bovine intervention: A global movement for healthier people Making livestock production more and a healthier planet sustainable The world has never produced or consumed so much food. Colombia’s livestock sector is the biggest contributor to But gains in productivity have come at an enormous environmental agricultural GDP, but it also accounts for almost all of its cost associated with millions of hectares of degraded agricultural agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Poor practices have land, greenhouse gas emissions, losses of agricultural biodiversity, resulted in low productivity and extensive land degradation, which and ridiculous amounts of food waste. in turn have driven widespread deforestation as farmers seek new Many parts of the world are also waking up to a perverse health areas for grazing. “triple-burden:” the co-existence of chronic hunger, malnutrition, The proposed Sustainable Bovine Livestock project will focus on and over-nutrition. In the world’s rapidly growing urban areas, the introduction of mixed, rotational grazing systems to boost these conditions often exist side by side. productivity, regenerate land, and ease pressure on forests. These The notion of sustainable food systems attempts to tackle these “silvo-pastoral” systems, field-tested by CIAT and its partners, and other issues holistically, prioritizing the need for nutritious combine nutritious forage grasses that can accumulate high levels diets, made up of a range of wholesome, accessible, and affordable of carbon dioxide in the soil, with leguminous plants and trees that ingredients, produced with a minimal environmental footprint. improve soil health by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. While cows CIAT is channeling its research in this area through its FoodLens graze one area, another is left to recover. initiative, which brought the EATx Cali forum to CIAT headquarters If implemented across 6 million hectares of land as hoped, these in Colombia in October 2015. The event sought to provide a vision systems could help capture around 167 million tons of carbon of what sustainable food systems could – and should – look like, dioxide over the duration of the project (2018–2032), and spare an with a specific focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. estimated 2.5 million hectares of forest from being felled, averting CIAT’s work on these issues will contribute to what is becoming a a colossal 1.2 billion tons in new carbon dioxide emissions. global movement for healthier people and a healthier planet. “What we’ve seen in Colombia is that these systems can CONTACT help double or triple productivity on the same area of Guy Henry land. But they can work well in other parts of the tropics, Sustainable Food Systems, CIRAD/CIAT where similar conditions exist,” g.henry@cgiar.org Michael Peters, Leader of CIAT’s Tropical Forages Program CONTACT Michael Peters, Leader, Tropical Forages Program m.peters-ciat@cgiar.org 12 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right Breaking the bottlenecks to bean seed What’s in your noodle soup? systems in Africa Cassava’s inconspicuous ubiquity Thanks to substantial national and international investments in Cassava starch – or tapioca – can be found in all kinds of things in crop breeding, many improved bean varieties have been developed Asia today, from noodles to sweeteners, pharmaceutical products, through the Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA), which and even biofuel. The crop supports an estimated 40 million CIAT coordinates. However, while access to quality bean seed has people in Southeast Asia, underpinning a US$5-billion starch improved, bottlenecks persist across the continent. market. In Ethiopia, for instance, 2.5 million smallholder farmers rely on Yet the food security agenda in Asia-Pacific remains dominated by white pea beans for an income, when only 10 years ago, they were grain crops despite the fact that cassava is a staple food for many a rare thing in the country. In the last decade, the number of seed poor farming households, especially among ethnic minorities. multiplication companies has nearly tripled. They get high-quality, Root and tuber crops like cassava also play an increasingly high-yielding bean varieties through the PABRA network, without important role as a source of income, both in urban fresh markets having to invest in costly breeding programs. As a result, many and from processing in food and non-food industries. farmers now have access to higher quality bean seed. Yet, many challenges to cassava production and threats to farmers’ But variety development is an ongoing process, as new threats, incomes and livelihoods remain. For example, a new study by CIAT such as climate change, pests, and diseases, emerge. In 2014, for and partners reveals how climate change, among other factors, is example, while Ethiopia was in the midst of its worst drought in driving alarming outbreaks of pests and diseases. 10 years, CIAT deployed the latest drought-resilient bean varieties In an effort to control this threat, CIAT is securing financial and to be tested under local conditions by the Ethiopian Institute of technical support to roll out biological control response programs. Agricultural Research (EIAR). Training courses for regional research communities and farmer-to- While work like this continues, an equally determined effort is farmer videos have also been provided. required to bring quality seed within the reach of more rural CIAT is also spearheading the new Asian Cassava Breeders households, including those in the most remote communities. Network (ACB-Net) to build on decades of breeding success. CONTACT CONTACT Robin Buruchara, Regional Director, Africa Luis Augusto Becerra, Leader, Cassava Program r.buruchara@cgiar.org l.a.becerra@cgiar.org CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 13 Conserving plant genetic resources for “future-proofing” Making food systems sustainable our food supply LINK methodology: Four years Humankind has come to rely on just a handful of staple crops, namely wheat, rice, maize, potato and, more recently, successfully linking farmers to markets soybean, sunflower, and oil palm. LINK is a participatory methodology developed by CIAT, which Beside the health risks associated with excessively uniform aims to construct inclusive commercial relationships between diets, food systems relying upon just a few crops are formal or informal producer groups and buyers. In addition, it particularly vulnerable to major threats such as drought, aims to ensure that these relationships are profitable and socially pests, and diseases, all of which are expected to worsen with responsible. climate change. VECO-MA, a regional program of NGO Vredeseilanden in Conserving and sharing crop diversity gives crop breeders Mesoamerica, applied the LINK methodology within the framework the raw material required to help make our food crops more of its “Inclusive Modern Markets” program in Nicaragua. resilient, as well as giving us more options if staple crops fail. LINK helped improve the commercial relationship between This makes it one of the fundamentals of sustainable food RITTER SPORT, a major marketer of chocolate bars in Europe, futures. and CACAONICA, the Cooperative for Agroforestry Services and Cacao Marketing in Nicaragua. More than 170 tons of cacao are Where food crops come from estimated to leave Nicaragua each year through the cooperative, with around 100 tons sold to RITTER SPORT. On seeing the Following CIAT’s groundbreaking work on the globalization positive results with CACAONICA, RITTER SPORT decided to of diets, in 2015 the same team of scientists turned their replicate the experience with another 18 cooperatives. attention to where the plants we eat come from. They wanted to find out to what extent different regions of the world LINK was also applied to the relationship between ICI-Walmart depend on others – not in the sense of trade, but rather in and COOSMPROJIN, the Cooperative of Multiple Services terms of plant genetic resources. Producers of Jinotega, Nicaragua, which deals with vegetables. The project allowed to improve COOSMPROJIN’s performance They found that, on average, over two-thirds of all the plants and strengthen producers’ ability to meet quality standards. At the in our diets originate beyond the national borders within end of the project’s first year, a formal trade contract was signed, which they are consumed. In short, we all depend on each guaranteeing quality supplies for ICI-Walmart and securing sales other’s plants. for COOSMPROJIN’s members. But there’s a catch. Lots of those plants aren’t conserved, while others are conserved but not shared. The key to pest- CONTACT resistant cassava or drought-tolerant beans could be out Mark Lundy, Theme Leader, Linking Farmers to Markets there in the plants’ wild relatives, uncollected. Or the plants m.lundy@cgiar.org could be locked away in a genebank somewhere for no one to use. We need to conserve all plants related to our food supply. That means getting as many different samples of domesticated crops – plus their wild and weedy brethren – into the world’s genebanks as quickly as possible. A transparent, free, and open system for sharing these 14 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right collections should also be put in place, so that plants can be more CONTACT easily used in crop breeding programs around the world. Colin Khoury, Crop Diversity Specialist CIAT’s genebank is already part of this system, conserving c.khoury@cgiar.org collections of cassava, beans, and tropical forages, with a global mandate to make them freely available. Origins and primary regions of diversity of major agricultural crops Source: Khoury et al., 2015. Available at: http://bit.ly/1WDfbhE CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 15 Genebanks: A trove of crop diversity Few people have heard of plant genebanks or are aware of the role they play in agriculture and food production. Future Seeds: Genebanks are places where biological material is collected, stored, catalogued, and made available for redistribution. A global hub for crop diversity Genebanks are not just biodiversity repositories. They provide CIAT has also embarked on an ambitious initiative direct help to farmers and national breeding programs. called Future Seeds to upgrade its genebank to better The importance of genebanks is such that it is recognized in the store and distribute key crop collections in trust for recently agreed Sustainable Development Goals. humanity: beans, cassava, and tropical forages. CIAT’s genebank holds in trust 67,700 total samples of key Beyond this, the state-of-the-art, environmentally crops that feed millions of people around the world: sustainable facility will also generate and make available vast amounts of invaluable information that CASSAVA More than half a billion people in Africa and can help unlock the secret power of seeds. In addition, Latin America and the Caribbean depend on 6,643 it will serve as a hotbed for innovative training and this root crop for food. outreach. A crucial source of vitamins and protein BEANS as well as income for millions of people, 37,937 • US$25-million initiative particularly in Africa and Latin America. • Cali, Colombia A valuable source of livestock feed, helping FORAGES farmers improve meat and milk production, • Environmentally sustainable 23,140 while reducing the environmental footprint of design agriculture. Join us: http://cropdiversity.ciat.cgiar.org/ CONTACTS Daniel Debouck, Leader, Genetic Resources Program d.debouck@cgiar.org André Zandstra, Head, Partnerships and Communications a.zandstra@cgiar.org 16 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right 2016 International Year of Pulses Even though rice, wheat, and maize continue to have pride of place in CGIAR’s global crop research, pulses have enormous potential for helping confront some of the most daunting dietary and environmental challenges faced by smallholders. Around 300 million people depend on common bean, making it the most important of CGIAR’s six mandate pulses. In terms of global production and area planted, donor investment in research on common bean has yielded especially high returns. According to a 2008 study, bean improvement had an estimated economic value of US$200 million – more than 12 times the cost. Beans provide a low-cost source of protein, complex Even before these recent developments, modern bean varieties carbohydrates, and valuable micronutrients. Yet, even this nearly with improved yields and disease resistance were already widely perfect food had room for improvement. CIAT researchers and adopted in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. In the latter their national partners used a crop breeding approach called region alone – thanks to the efforts of the national programs “biofortification” – under the auspices of CGIAR’s HarvestPlus belonging to the Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA), Program – to develop bean varieties with higher levels of iron. which CIAT coordinates – the new varieties have reached more These biofortified beans have been adopted by more than half a than 5 million rural households over the last decade or so. They million rural households in the Democratic Republic of Congo and have not only helped farmers strengthen food and nutrition Rwanda, where iron deficiency is widespread, especially among security but also improved household incomes through the sale of women and children. surplus grain. Through years of conventional breeding for genetic improvement, The groundwork is, therefore, in place for beans to play a central CIAT scientists have also succeeded in making beans far more role in responding to two closely linked challenges that many resilient in the face of drought, by changing the plant’s ancestral developing countries now face. These are the impacts of climate habit of delaying seed production when faced with water shortage. change (including higher temperatures and more frequent drought) Two keys to success were scientists’ ability to draw on the rich and nutritional challenges such as the prevalence of chronic diversity of beans safeguarded in the CIAT genebank, and hunger and micronutrient malnutrition, as well as the rising exploitation of certain root and shoot traits that contribute to incidence of diet-related diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. drought tolerance. To fully mobilize bean science against these challenges requires Now, CIAT bean breeders are working to combine drought a major push to both consolidate the research that has made tolerance with traits associated with higher yields in poor soils. possible recent breakthroughs in bean improvement and also The idea is to create a new generation of beans that are even more to accelerate the dissemination of new varieties through more robust in conditions typical of small farms. concerted efforts to strengthen seed systems, as is being done in In addition, a few years ago, our researchers discovered that many Ethiopia, Kenya, and Rwanda. drought-resilient bean varieties offer the added advantage of tolerance to temperatures four degrees Celsius above the crop’s CONTACT “comfort zone.” Some of these “heat beaters” have also been Stéfanie Neno, Communications Manager biofortified for high iron. s.neno@cgiar.org CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 17 2015 International Year of Soils Soils, the foundation of prosperous societies CIAT embraced the International Year of Soils 2015 as an opportunity to renew global awareness of the vital link between healthy, fertile soils and prosperous societies. We also carried the message beyond awareness to the need for research and action. Only if we bring degraded soils to life through better management, can they store water, deliver nutrients to crops, curb damage from natural disasters such as floods, capture carbon, and provide all the other ecosystem services that are essential for sustaining and improving life. From the farmer to the world CIAT actively joined the campaign to highlight the importance of From sharing soil practices on the “edutainment” show Shamba soils for food security, climate, and water availability and quality; Shape Up and Twitter, to linking farmers to consumers in Central and share the results of our research and actions across the America and engaging in global initiatives, CIAT has been busy tropics to restore degraded land, improve soil fertility and crop advocating for soil beyond our project sites and farmers’ fields. productivity, become climate smart, and fight poverty and hunger. CIAT is an active collaborator in the 4 pour mille soil carbon initiative, the “One World, No Hunger” initiative of the German Putting farmers at the heart of healthier soils Government (BMZ), and Initiative 20x20, a country-led effort in Soil often remains a hidden “treasure,” meaning it frequently goes Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which aims to bring unnoticed, trampled, and degraded. CIAT soil researchers aim 20 million hectares of degraded land into restoration by 2020. to give soils and their major custodians – farmers – a voice. It is small-scale farmers who suffer the effects of land degradation and CIAT was also a strong voice at the Global Soil Week, engaging poor soil health the most – and, as guardians of 80 per cent of the stakeholders from across the globe to share knowledge across world’s farmland, they must be included in the solution. disciplines and sectors around sustainable land management and the importance of land and soil for achieving the Sustainable We put farmers at the heart of healthier soils to understand their Development Goals. needs, preferences, and aspirations, providing platforms for them to talk soils. Farmers have first-hand knowledge of the constraints CONTACT and opportunities related to their soils. These can help us jointly Juliet Braslow, Soils Research Area Coordinator develop sustainable and equitable solutions for improved land j.braslow@cgiar.org management. Combining these participatory approaches with cutting-edge soil science, CIAT soil researchers seek to understand and connect the multiple facets of soils from the field to the farm to the landscape level. 18 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right CIAT and CGIAR CCAFS – 2015: The year in advancing climate-smart agriculture In 2015, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) gained a substantial these new products, providing improved coverage to nearly one foothold in global and national initiatives, thanks in part to CCAFS million farmers. science. Deriving lessons from India’s experience, CCAFS has also helped Agriculture was high on the agenda at technical meetings ahead the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the UN climate agreement in Paris in December 2015. In conceptualize pilot index-insurance schemes and a four-year preparation for workshops on agriculture, CCAFS and partners roadmap aimed at attaining nationwide coverage – supporting made submissions on climate impacts for smallholder farmers, 14.5 million smallholders. fishermen, and pastoralists, as well as options for adaptation, Meanwhile, in Senegal, CCAFS and the Senegalese National while also providing technical support for the African Group of Meteorological Agency have collaborated to deliver weather Negotiators (AGN) and others. Deliberations drew on CCAFS forecasts through community radio stations and SMS – potentially research and resources, including widely cited policy briefs that arming 7.4 million rural people against disastrous short-term analyzed the inclusion of agriculture in countries’ climate plans, climatic changes. With farmers consulted at every stage of known as Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). development, climate information in Senegal is now considered an With the pact resulting in new possibilities for adaptation and agricultural input just like seeds and fertilizers. mitigation, CCAFS published a widely read analysis of the positive In Southeast Asia, CCAFS has worked to improve climate- outcomes for agriculture and next steps for global agriculture. related media coverage, by equipping journalists with scientific CCAFS also informed CSA implementation at the national level, knowledge related to climate issues. Workshops and partnerships with Kenya and Colombia putting agriculture at the center of their in the Philippines and Laos have contributed to a better public INDCs, by drawing on CCAFS research. understanding and informed decision-making. Similar training has Recognizing that low-emissions agriculture must improve taken place in Senegal and Honduras. livelihoods and not compromise food security, CCAFS is working Closing the gender gap in farming under climate change with the Kenyan dairy sector to adopt better feed production and CCAFS research on social inclusion aims to ensure that climate practices. Some 600,000 farmers have received a set of climate- change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture has a positive smart feeding and husbandry practices developed by CCAFS that, impact for men and women. Recently, CCAFS and partners when scaled up, could decrease the country’s emissions by 3.3% organized a dynamic workshop where researchers from CGIAR of its 2010 level, while sustaining 180,000 jobs, and improving and elsewhere shared cutting-edge knowledge on gender, climate incomes by US$1,000 to 2,000 per year. change, agriculture, and food security, and developed a policy brief Well-designed insurance schemes provide resilience when climatic with five key lessons for supporting women farmers in a changing shocks occur and allow farmers to overcome the risk of investing climate. in climate-smart technologies. In India, CCAFS analyzed the current index insurance scheme – covering 12 million farmers – CONTACT and found the payout triggers insufficient. Researchers developed Vanessa Meadu new, region- and country-specific triggers that did not increase Global Communications and Knowledge Manager, CCAFS premiums or the government subsidy load. Maharashtra State and v.meadu@cgiar.org the Agricultural Insurance Company of India have already adopted CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 19 HarvestPlus: On its way to reaching 1 billion people by 2030 In 2015 alone, HarvestPlus reached two million new farming HarvestPlus is also developing partnerships in new countries keen households with nutritionally improved crops, putting it on the path to establish their own biofortification programs. Biofortification is to reaching 100 million people by 2020, and 1 billion by 2030. now an intervention that is recognized and funded by organizations The program released biofortified varieties of maize, rice, wheat, such as the World Bank, International Fund for Agricultural pearl millet, cowpea, sweet potato, and lentil – each featuring one Development (IFAD), and the World Health Organization (WHO). or more enhancements of vitamin A, zinc, or iron – in 11 countries It means HarvestPlus will increasingly be involved as a convener, worldwide. providing expert advice to those establishing and running biofortification programs worldwide. The rapid acceleration in the number of households reached was partly due to the widespread introduction of zinc-rich crops in South Asia for the first time. There, zinc deficiency is a major HarvestPlus is jointly led by CIAT and the International Food Policy public health concern, affecting roughly 20% of the region’s Research Institute (IFPRI). The program has released over 130 biofortified 2.4 billion people, with women and children particularly vulnerable. crops in 30 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America since its inception in 2004. Principal donors to HarvestPlus are the UK Government; the In 2016/2017, biofortified varieties of these crops plus cassava are Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; the US Government’s Feed the Future planned for release in Cameroon, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Burundi, initiative; the European Commission; and donors to the CGIAR Research Colombia, DR Congo, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Panama, Rwanda, and Uganda. Having shown the feasibility of breeding nutritionally improved CONTACT crops, HarvestPlus has established new systems for multiplying Wolfgang Pfeiffer and disseminating improved varieties. Global Director for Product Development and This has required different interventions in different places. In Commercialization, HarvestPlus Rwanda, for example, HarvestPlus swaps normal bean seeds in w.pfeiffer@cgiar.org exchange for the improved varieties. The traditional varieties are sold to the United Nations’ World Food Programme. To quickly increase stocks of improved wheat seed in the Himalayas of India, the program employed farmers to grow biofortified crops off-season, making improved seed ready for planting as soon as the main growing season arrives. It has also involved engaging a range of private sector seed companies – and individual farmers – to multiply, store, and market biofortified seed and grain. In Nigeria, for example, there are now more than 250 shops, identifiable by their distinct orange signage, selling vitamin A-rich cassava. 20 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right CIAT and the CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Research Network Raising the awareness of CGIAR gender research In late 2014, CIAT took on the role of providing communications, knowledge sharing, and data management support for the CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Research Network. The network is comprised of gender experts from across CGIAR, including researchers from other fields of expertise who have some responsibility for conducting gender research. Made up of more than 100 members, it is coordinated by a team from the CGIAR Consortium Office, with support from CIAT. The main goal is to increase the visibility of gender research and foster knowledge sharing among gender researchers from the CGIAR research programs and partners. In addition, CIAT also provides support to the network’s internal communities of practice. 2015 was a critical year for both gender research and the global discourse on gender equity. While keeping gender on the agenda is not always an easy task, CIAT’s role in facilitating this dialogue among members of the network and support of its work as a group has been crucial in ensuring that there is a space to spur knowledge exchange, communicate concerns, and more importantly the network’s commitment to the research that is carried out. CONTACT Martina Mascarenhas Coordinator, Communications and Knowledge Management CGIAR Gender Network m.mascarenhas@cgiar.org CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 21 CIAT today Financial highlights Throughout 2015, two mayor initiatives were undertaken. One was redundancies and improve efficiencies. During 2016, modules the full adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards such as Human Resources and Logistics, already implemented in (IFRS) and the other was the migration to a cross-cutting CGIAR headquarters, will be launched in the regions. operation platform, known as One Corporate System (OCS). The Despite the CGIAR Window 1 & 2 budget uncertainties and the above two initiatives posed a lot of challenges throughout the year, adoption of IFRS, CIAT stood on solid ground financially in 2015. but especially when it came to closing the 2015 books. Total revenues reached US$110.7 million, compared to $130.6 The adoption of IFRS required the restatement of CIAT’s 2014 million in 2014. The major decline was in funds available to Financial Statements and the 2013 Balance Sheet previously cover the expenses of collaboration with CGIAR and non-CGIAR prepared in compliance with the CGIAR Financial Guidelines, so partners in the execution of CCAFS and HarvestPlus. The overall that the statements herewith (2015) were comparable. The 2015 implementation of projects has slightly decreased compared to Financial Statements are fully compliant with IFRS. 2014, reducing the daily burn rate from $226k in 2014 to $206k CIAT went live on January 2015 with the new CGIAR cross-cutting in 2015, thus affecting reserve days positively by increasing them operations platform (Unit 4 Business World, formerly Agresso). from 106 days in 2014 to 120 in 2015. Throughout the year, most of the modules implemented in headquarters (Finance, Research Management, Project Costing & CONTACT Billing, Travel and Planner) were also implemented in the regions. Gloria Rengifo, Director, Finance and Administration Working with a single platform worldwide has helped to reduce g.c.rengifo@cgiar.org Statement of Activity (expressed in thousands of US$) Outlook for 2016 2015 2014 • Changes in the Consortium Financing Plan for 2015 and 2016 have Windows 1 & 2 51,823 74,495 created considerable budget uncertainty. CIAT estimates a reduction Window 3 11,467 7,735 of nearly 25% of Window 1 & 2 funding compared to the actual 2015 Bilateral 47,129 47,783 figures. Efforts are underway to compensate for the Window 1 & 2 budget reduction through new bilateral projects and measures to lower Total grant revenue 110,419 130,013 operating costs. Other revenues and gains 318 539 • Low prices for oil, coal, and other minerals are seriously undermining Total revenues and gains 110,737 130,552 the Colombian economy. The government’s budget will be further Research direct expenses 52,782 55,302 squeezed, if as expected, peace negotiations continue to progress, CGIAR collaborator expenses 33,287 44,689 creating significant demand for post-conflict investment. Non-CGIAR collaborator expenses 16,134 19,808 • The ambitious initiative for a new state-of-the-art genebank in CIAT headquarters is well underway thanks to generous investments by the General and administration expenses 8,389 9,869 governments of Germany and Colombia, and efforts continue to raise Other expenses and losses 323 – the necessary funds. Called Future Seeds, this new kind of genebank Total operating expenses 110,915 129,668 will be hosted in an environmentally sustainable facility and will allow Financial income 1,087 1,186 us to better store and distribute key crop collections, generate, make available vast amounts of invaluable information on seeds, and serve Financial expenses (493) 134 as a hotbed for innovative training and outreach. Surplus (deficit) for the year 416 2,204 22 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right Donors and partners • Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK • Nippon Foundation, Japan We are grateful to all the organizations who have supported our • Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency efforts to build an eco-efficient future for tropical agriculture and (SIDA) enabled CIAT to advance our objectives to reduce hunger and • Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) poverty, and improve human nutrition in the tropics. • UK Department for International Development (DfID) CIAT’s research is made possible by the multi-donor CGIAR Fund • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as well as by grants from many organizations, some of which are • University of Sheffield, UK, with funds from BBSRC-DfID- BMGF also Fund donors. • World Bank • World Health Organization (WHO) Top funding partners • African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), Kenya • CGIAR Fund • Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), Kenya • Bureau of Agricultural Research, a staff bureau of the • Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Department of Agriculture (DA-BAR), Philippines (ACIAR) • Committee on Sustainability Assessment (COSA) • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), USA • Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences • Corporation for the Sustainable Development of the Special (JIRCAS) Management Area of La Macarena (CORMACARENA), • Keurig Green Mountain, Inc., USA Colombia • Monsanto Company, USA • European Commission (EC) • National Science Foundation (NSF), USA • Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) • Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, • Public Enterprises of Medellín (EPM), Colombia Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Germany • Solidaridad, The Netherlands • Ford Foundation, USA • Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) • Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Ghana • Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) • German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) • Syngenta, Switzerland GmbH, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and • The Nature Conservancy (TNC), USA Development (BMZ) • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), USA • Global Affairs Canada (formerly, Canadian Department of • World Coffee Research (WCR) Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development [DFATD]) • Global Crop Diversity Trust, Germany • Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) • HarvestPlus, USA • Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) • CARE International in Nicaragua • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR), • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Colombia (FAO) • French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) • Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) • Future Earth / International Council for Science (ICSU), • Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture (SFSA), France Switzerland • International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) • International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) • Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of the Kingdom of Other funding partners Thailand • Administrative Department of Science, Technology and • Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development Innovation (Colciencias), Colombia (MADS), Colombia • African Development Bank (AfDB) • People’s Republic of China • Agrigenetics, Inc., USA • Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology (FONTAGRO) • Autonomous Regional Corporation of Valle del Cauca (CVC), • Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADR), Colombia Antioquia Governor’s Office, Colombia • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council • Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) (BBSRC), UK • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) • Catholic Relief Services (CRS), USA • United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) • Colombia’s National Petroleum Company (Ecopetrol) • Villum Foundation • Howard G. Buffett Foundation, USA • Ingredion Incorporated, USA CONTACT • Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) André Zandstra • McKnight Foundation, USA Head, Partnerships and Communications • Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan a.zandstra@cgiar.org • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway (MFA) CIAT Annual Report 2015–2016 23 Publications (selection) Decision and Policy Analysis Research Area Soils Research Area Béné C; Barange M; Subasinghe R; Pinstrup-Andersen P; Merino G; Hemre Cordingley JE; Snyder KA; Rosendahl J; Kizito F; Bossio D. 2015. Thinking G; Williams M. 2015. Feeding 9 billion by 2050 – Putting fish back outside the plot: addressing low adoption of sustainable on the menu. Food Security 7(2):261–274. land management in sub-Saharan Africa. Current Opinion in http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0427-z Environmental Sustainability. Elsevier B.V., 15:35–40. Challinor Andrew J; Parkes B; Ramírez-Villegas J.2015. Crop yield http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.07.010 response to climate change varies with cropping intensity. Global Hengl T; Heuvelink GBM; Kempen B; Leenaars JGB; Walsh MG; Shepherd Change Biology. KD; Sila A; MacMillan RA; Mendes de Jesus J; Desta LT; Tondoh JE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12808 2015. Mapping soil properties of Africa at 250 m resolution: Craparo ACW; Van Aten PJA; Läderach P; Jassogne LTP; Grab SW. 2015. random forests significantly improve current predictions. Coffee arabica yields decline in Tanzania due to climate change: PLoS ONE. 10(6):e0125814. global implications. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 207:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.005 Paul BK; Vanlauwe B; Hoogmoed M; Hurisso T; Ndabamenye T; Terano Ovalle Rivera O; Läderach P; Bunn C; Obersteiner M; Schroth G. 2015. Y; Siz J; Ayuke F; Pulleman M. 2014. Exclusion of soil macrofauna Projected shifts in Coffea arabica suitability among major did not affect soil quality but increased crop yields in a sub- global producing regions due to climate change. PLoS One humid tropical maize-based system. Agriculture, Ecosystems and 10(4):e0124155. Environment 208:75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.001 Ramírez-Villegas J; Watson J; Challinor Andrew J. 2015. Identifying Vågen T-G; Winowiecki LA; Tondoh JE; Desta LT; Gumbricht T. 2015. traits for genotypic adaptation using crop models. Journal of Mapping of soil properties and land degradation risk in Africa Experimental Botany 66(12):3451-3462. using MODIS reflectance. Geoderma. 10 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.023 Winowiecki L; Vågen T-G; Huising J. 2015. Effects of land cover on Agrobiodiversity Research Area ecosystem services in Tanzania: a spatial assessment of soil organic carbon. Geoderma. Article in press. Araújo SS; Beebe SE; Crespi M; Delbreil B; González EM; Gruber V; Lejeune- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.03.010 Henaut I; Link W; Monteros MJ; Prats E; Rao IM; Vadez V; Vaz Patto MC. 2015. Abiotic stress responses in legumes: strategies used to cope with environmental challenges. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 34(1–3):237–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2014.898450 Dereeper A; Homa F; Andres G; Sempere G; Sarah G; Hueber Y; Dufayard J-F; Ruiz M. 2015. SNiPlay3: a web-based application for exploration and large-scale analyses of genomic variations. Nucleic Acids Research 43(W1):W295–W300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv351 Khong GN; Pati PK; Richaud F; Parizot B; Bidzinski P; Mai CD; Bès M; Bourrié I; Meynard D; Beeckman T; Selvaraj M; Manabu I; Genga AM; Brugidou C Do VN; Guiderdoni E; Morel J-B; Gantet P. 2015. OsMADS26 negatively regulates resistance to pathogens and drought tolerance in rice. Plant Physiology. Published online. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01192 Rebolledo Cid MC; Dingkuhn M; Courtois B; Gibon Y; Clément-Vidal A; Cruz DF; Duitama J; Lorieux M; Luquet D. 2015. Phenotypic and genetic dissection of component traits for early vigour in rice using plant growth modelling, sugar content analyses and association mapping. Journal of Experimental Botany. 12 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv258 Van del Vlugt RAA; Verbeek M; Dullemans A; Wintermantel WM; Cuéllar WJ; Fox A; Thompson JR. 2015. Torradoviruses. Annual Review of Phytopathology 53:485–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurevphyto-080614-120021 24 Sustainable Food Futures Getting the Fundamentals Right Get in touch Global Contacts Regional Office for Africa c/o ICIPE Ruben Echeverría, Director General Duduville Campus, Off Kasarani Road ruben.echeverria@cgiar.org P.O. Box 823-00621 Deborah Bossio, Director Nairobi, Kenya Soils Research Area Phone: +254 20 8632800 d.bossio@cgiar.org +254 719 052800 / 721 574967 Andy Jarvis, Director Decision and Policy Analysis (DAPA) Research Area Robin Buruchara, Regional Director a.jarvis@cgiar.org r.buruchara@cgiar.org Joe Tohme, Director Boaz Waswa, Regional Coordinator Agrobiodiversity Research Area b.waswa@cgiar.org j.tohme@cgiar.org Maya Rajasekharan, Head Regional Office for Asia Program Coordination cc/o Agricultural Genetics Institute (Vien Di Truyen Nong m.rajasekharan@cgiar.org Nghiep), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS) Pham Van Dong Street, Tu Liem (opposite the André Zandstra, Head Ministry of Security – Doi dien voi Bo Cong An) Partnerships and Communications Hanoi, Vietnam a.zandstra@cgiar.org Phone: +844 37576969 Headquarters and Regional Office Dindo Campilan, Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean d.campilan@cgiar.org Km 17 Recta Cali–Palmira 763537 Stef de Haan, Regional Coordinator Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali, Colombia s.dehaan@cgiar.org Phone: +57 2 4450000 Fax: +57 2 4450073 Libardo Ochoa, Program Coordinator Bogotá (Colombia) l.ochoa@cgiar.org Byron Alejandro Reyes,Technical Liaison Officer Managua (Nicaragua) b.a.reyes@cgiar.org Wendy Francesconi, Technical Liaison Officer Lima (Peru) w.francesconi@cgiar.org Member of CGIAR www.ciat.cgiar.org www.cgiar.org ciat.ecoefficient @CIAT_