Loss and damage: The time for action @animesh00 @undrr Defining Loss and Damage • No formal definition in UNFCCC process • However, countries in 2013 acknowledged that loss and damage “includes, and in some cases involves more than, that which can be reduced by adaptation” • Countries also established the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss and damage in 2013 to address loss and damage, including extreme and slow onset events • As per Disaster Loss and Damage Assessment / Post- Disaster Needs Assessment: • Damages are the effects of the disaster on infrastructure and physical assets. • Losses are calculated in terms of the changes in economic flows arising from the disaster effects. Defining Loss and Damage Target C: Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030 Direct economic losses attributed to disasters: • Agriculture • All other damaged or destroyed productive assets. • Housing sector • Resulting from damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure • Cultural heritage damaged or destroyed Target D: Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, including through developing their resilience, by 2030 • Number of destroyed or damaged health facilities attributed to disasters. • Number of destroyed or damaged educational facilities attributed to disasters. • Number of other destroyed or damaged critical infrastructure units and facilities attributed to disasters. As per Sendai Framework: Source: UNDRR Conceptual common basis for synergies between approaches in loss and damage (avert, minimize & address) and disaster risk management Loss & Damage & Disaster Risk Management Avert • Risk assessments • Resilient infrastructure • Urban resilience Minimize • Disaster control infrastructure • Early warning • Anticipatory action and financing Address • Evacuation • Emergency response and relief • Early recovery L&D Actions → Ex am pl es o f D R R /C C A A ct io n Capacity Development * UNDRR analysis of SN survey responses by 23 Parties (as of May 2021) Loss & Damage & Disaster Risk Financing Recent progress and milestones Santiago network • The Santiago network aims to catalyse technical assistance (by relevant organizations, bodies, networks, and experts), to avert, minimize and address loss and damage at the local, national, and regional level. • Governance: Advisory Board, secretariat and OBNEs • UNDRR and UNOPS were selected to jointly host the Santiago network secretariat. • A key opportunity to align the loss and damage and disaster risk reduction agendas • UNDRR will provide technical backstopping and in-kind and other support to the secretariat, and UNOPS will take lead on administrative support. • Work kickstarted to operationalize the network Santiago network: The business model Loss and Damage Fund / Funding arrangements • Established in 2022 • Governing instruments adopted in 2023 (COP 28) to determine key elements of the fund • Governance instrument of the loss and damage fund was adopted: • Board to govern and supervise the Fund. • New, dedicated and independent secretariat to service the fund • World Bank was invited to host the fund for an interim period of four years. • Fund to provide support for economic and non-economic loss and damage • Scope of the fun: climate-related emergencies, sea level rise, displacement, relocation, migration, climate information and data, climate-resilient reconstruction and recovery • Fund to complement support/finance for: humanitarian action (in immediate aftermath of extreme events); intermediate or long-term recovery, reconstruction or rehabilitation; and action to address slow-onset events The Santiago network and the Loss and Damage fund • The secretariats of the Loss and Damage Fund and the Santiago network will coordinate with each other. • Aligning technical assistance catalysed under the Santiago network with the programmatic approaches of the Fund and the funding arrangements • The SN Advisory Board will participate in the annual high-level dialogue on the new L&D funding arrangements • Countries can utilize technical assistance that targets specific gaps that need to be addressed to best design and access financial resources from a wide range of sources - including the Loss and Damage Fund Key enablers: Connecting the dots Stronger and better evidence base Houses damaged or destroyed due to landslides in Colombia Frequency of floods in Ethiopia A new generation disaster tracking system Since 1994, 112 countries benefited Collaboration between UNDRR, UNDP and WMO Strengthen evidence on impacts of climate change Benchmark success (or failure) of resilience building measures Better disaster risk financing & informed insurance products Inform resilient recovery - post-disaster needs assessments Build, inform, and calibrate risk models Inform early warning systems (impact- based), anticipatory action Better data quality and standards https://www.desinventar.net/ Coherent policy basis for implementation www.undrr.org/crm • 2/3rd of the countries in the world now have a DRR strategy • Only 1/4th have a NAP • GGA calls for all countries to have a NAP by 2030 Risk reduction cannot occur without the use of climate information; climate change action will not be successful without risk reduction: ▪ Risk-centred approaches should be integrated into adaptation and loss and damage action ▪ Adaptation, loss and damage and climate information should be integrated into national and local disaster risk reduction strategies. A comprehensive risk management approach to integrated policies and plans Thank you for the attention! www.undrr.org/crm www.undrr.org/santiago-network Animesh Kumar Head of Office, Bonn UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction animesh.kumar@un.org @animesh00 http://www.undrr.org/crm http://www.undrr.org/santiago-network Slide 1 Slide 2: Defining Loss and Damage Slide 3: Defining Loss and Damage Slide 4: Loss & Damage & Disaster Risk Management Slide 5: Loss & Damage & Disaster Risk Financing Slide 6 Slide 7: Santiago network Slide 8: Santiago network: The business model Slide 9: Loss and Damage Fund / Funding arrangements Slide 10: The Santiago network and the Loss and Damage fund Slide 11 Slide 12: Stronger and better evidence base Slide 13: Coherent policy basis for implementation Slide 14: Thank you for the attention!