Better lives through livestock Integrated Nutrition Package Padmakumar varijakshapanicker 20 July 2023 SAPLING: SAPLING Sustainable Animal Productivity for Livelihoods, Nutrition and Gender inclusion Co-designing Problem Vision Outputs/Outcomes (2032) Low economic and non-economic By 2032, sustainable, competitive, inclusive and 1. Buffalo productivity increase 30-40% returns (benefits) limit livelihood resilient buffalo value chains drive improved 2. Buff milk consumption increase 15% opportunities of buffalo keepers livelihood, enhanced food and nutritional security, 3. Livelihoods of buffalo hh improve 20% and other value chain actors and promote equitable growth of men and women Feeding regime (Nepal-Terai) Low breeding season High breeding season Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Current feeding practice Straw Straw Nutrient status Acute Nutrient Stress Heat stress Multi cut Possible interventions to Seed Lucern/Berseem reduce the nutrient stress supply Winter Forage Maize Lucern Maize forage silage Harvet: Oct-Nov • Silage (moisture 65%) Upgraded • Haylage (moisture 50%) • Silagew (mwowis.tcugrei a6r5.o%r)g rice straw (PES) • Rhizobium & se2ed lab (DLS) • Haylage (moisture 50%) • CIMMYT-Maize seeds Improvement of animal performance-the feed pathway Concentrates, 6% Planted fodder, 15% Grazing, 8% Crop residue, 71% Israeli cows produce 10,000 LPL Nepali buffalo: 500 kg⇢ DMI 12 kgDM/day Avg. ME/kg diet is 8 MJ⇢ 96 MJ - 59MJ (Maint.)=37MJ /6=6 LPD x 300=1800 lit Nepali buffalo: 400 kg⇢ DMI 13 kgDM/day www.cgiar.org If ME/kg diet is 9 MJ⇢ 117 MJ - 59MJ (Maint.) = 58MJ /6 = 9LPD x 300= 2700 lit 3 Piloting innovations to address nutritional constraints to improve productivity Why productivity is low? Nutrient density in the diet is low (7-8 Mj/kg DM) DMI is below optimum Why nutrient density is low? 1. Inclusion of roughages having low digestibility is high (70%) 2. Inclusion of forages with higher digestibility is low (15%) due to land, water, labour constraints 3. Availability and affordability of concentartes to supplement is a challenge 4. Supplementation with concentrates is not based on the nutritional gap 5. Knowledge on improved feeding is limited What innovations can be tested to address the above challenges? 1. Support farmers to utilize the dry roughage to produce a more balanced 60/50:40/50 TMR on-farm (use OFA, chopper, trough) and institute On-farm mechanisms (VLP model) to facilitate the process (Short-Term) 2. Promotion of nutrient dense forages for on-farm production, wherever possible 3. Off-farm production of forages through fodder coops (Business model) 4. Off-farm production of TMR with buy back arrangement (Business model) Off-farm 5. Improve fodder quality of popular varieties of the major crops (breeding) (Long-Term) 6. Improve digestibility of roughages (pelletisation, oxidation, biofermentation, Nitrate+Sulphur supplementation, all at industry level through buyback arrangement-Business model) About the innovation Innovation (short title): Integrated Nutrition Package Innovation (long title): VLP supported Integrated Nutrition Package consisting of: Digital App based Supplementation for Feed processing Forages /conservation Crop residue Farmer advice nutrient balancing (chopping) (lean season feeding) upgradation Training www.cgiar.org Feed balancing Android: iPhone: Google Play store-Android Apps AppStore Search ‘On-farm Feed Advisor’ Search ‘On-farm Feed Advisor’ Download Download (update notification: Update V-1.6) (update notification: Update V-1.4) https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.ilri.ilrifeedadvisor https://apps.apple.com/in/app/on-farm-feed-advisor/id1570480676 Edit feed database Edit feed database Delete All Ask farmers and add animal details * 200 200 Add farmer Add feed details Nutritional information, Feed advice Analytics Processing 10% ↑ intake=10% ↑ milk Impact of chopping (on dairy animals) Chopping + Manger → Reduces refusal from 5kg to 1 kg (saves 4 kg/animal/day) Improve digestibility of low-quality roughages Residue quality of different rice cultivars Treatment 8 0 0 0 r= -0 .2 ; P = 0 .0 2 ta p a s w in i 7 0 0 0 ja la m a n i IR -8 6 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 ja y a 4 0 0 0 2nd 3 0 0 0 generation n True IVOMD after 48 h biofuel technology (%) 2 0 0 0 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 U T S tr a w In v itro o rg an ic m atte r d ig e s tib ility (% ) Steam Treatment 4 62.9 71.8 Subudhi et al. 2019 (M, S) AFEX Treatment 10 65.1 84.4 1%-point increase in digestibility of straw would result in 6-8% increases (R, S, W, PM) in milk /meat /draught power outputs 2CC Treatment 11 55.9 94.1 (PM, S, M, W) G ra in y ie ld (k g /h a ) Deconstruction of ligTnreoa-ctemlleunlot soef bcrioomp aresss itdou eimprove feed quality Results of in vivo sheep trial with complete feed based on rice straw Complete Complete Complete feed with feed with feed with untreated STEAM 2CC rice straw TREATED TREATED rice straw rice straw OMI/day (g/kgLW)* 28.3 39.9 34.1 Total weight gained (kg) 1 . 6 6 3.92 6.12 (10 weeks) Economic impact (milk) • 2CCT treated straw based feed has 4 MJ of additional energy /kgDM compared to untreated • If average dry matter intake of a cow is 6 kg, the treatment will additionally provide 24 MJ of energy, which can produce almost 5 lit of additional milk/day (Rs 150) • Even if the treatment cost is Rs10/kg (Rs 60 kg total), the cost benefit will be highly favourable www.cgiar.org 15 * Average weight 20 kg, 21 kg and 22.55 kg respectively Total Mixed Ration √ TMR Complete feed No land, no water, no competition with human food production, reduces feed requirement, reduces √ biomass burning 17 Improved forages Forage crops Seed rate Fodder yield No of cuts Maize (P3546) 65% digestibility 8kg/acre 30 ton/acre 1 cut Maize (PAC745) Advanta-SILAGE Maize (3580) Pioneer-SILAGE 8kg/acre 30 ton/acre 1 cut Sorghum (CSH24MF) 66% digestibility 4kg/acre 30-40 ton/acre 3 cuts DRYLAND 75d-45d-45d Sorghum (COFS-29) 46% digestibility 2kg/acre 85 ton/acre 7 cuts IRRIGATED 75d-35d-35d-35d⇢ Brachiaria 2kg/acre 60 ton/acre 3 cuts 120d-60d-60d Quality, not yield matters. Preferably multicut Commercial silage production www.cgiar.org 18 WP-1 Genetic, Reproductive, Feed interventions: Trade-off analysis Innovation Package Innovation PR EC EN HC SO IP1. Integrated solution to improve productivity through a set of production technologies and 1.53 1.49 1.05 1.28 1.17 Scores: enablers -2=large -ve impact TB1: Genetic improvement through selection -1=small -ve impact 0=no change of superior bulls using ICT and genomic tools 1 1.61 1.39 0.83 1.28 1.11 1=small improvement, along with historic data. 2=large improvement TB2: Fertility management using different techniques (oestrous detection, pharmaceutical /hormonal intervention for 2 1.56 1.56 0.83 1.44 1.33 improved conception) and mineral nutrition. TB3: Diet improvement through processing & ⎷ enrichment of rice straw, nutrient balancing, supplementation, nutrient dense forages and 3,4,5,6 1.57 1.46 1.15 1.13 1.03 silage EB4: Coop based village livestock promoters (VLP), Capacity devpt. of value chain actors 8,10 1.42 1.50 1.10 1.50 1.43 and value chain supporters EB5: Competitive & inclusive VC through business models 9 1.50 1.61 1.00 1.22 1.17 EB6: Scaling strategies for large scale uptake www.cPgiRar=.o rPgroductivi t oyf I n EnCov=aEtcioonns oumsinigc .I P S RE Nap=pEronavcihroesn mental. HC=Human Condition. SO=Social 19 Integrated Nutrition Package: Impact on gender • Reduced work load (chopping, fodder conservation-replaced by Village Livestock Promoter) • Additional income (from improved productivity) • Improved capacities (women focused training targets) www.cgiar.org 20 THANK YOU About 620 ILRI staff work in Africa and Asia to enhance incomes and livelihoods, improve food security, and reduce disease and environmental degradation. Australian animal scientist and Nobel Prize laureate Peter Doherty serves as ILRI’s patron. Organizations that fund ILRI through their contributions to CGIAR make ILRI’s work possible. Organizations that partner ILRI in its mission make livestock research for development a reality. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. www.ilri.org