INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE Annual Report 2002 INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE Annual Report 2002 ILRI P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Credits Concept and text Sabine Schmoelzl Design, layout and production Eric Ouma Information sources Olivier Hanotte, Mario Herrero, Susan MacMillan, John McDermott, Bruno Minjauw, Steve Staal, Philip Thornton Photographic sources Front cover images: (top) Cathleen Wilson, (bottom) Stevie Mann Inside pages and back cover: Robert Delve, Dave Elsworth, Doug Gray, Abdul Kamara, Stevie Mann, Michael Waithaka Printing Majestic Printing Works, Nairobi Citation ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). 2003. ILRI annual report 2002: Better lives through livestock— Research serving the Millennium goals. ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN 92-9146-147-4 © International Livestock Research Institute (Nairobi, Kenya) 2003 ILRI encourages use of information and materials presented herein, with appropriate credit. Better lives through livestock: Research serving the Millennium goals Foreword by Board Chair John Vercoe 5 Foreword by Director General Carlos Seré 7 A poverty-focused strategy 9 Better lives through livestock: 13 Research serving the Millennium Goals Research overview: 17 Better options for poor livestock keepers Targeting opportunities: 18 Climate change and maize yields Enabling innovations: 20 Livestock Farmer Field Schools Market opportunities: 22 Small-scale milk trade in Kenya Biotechnology: 24 Unique genetic resources of Africa People, livestock and the environment: 26 Epidemic of sleeping sickness in Uganda 3 Research outputs on the Internet 28 Public awareness 30 Appendices Publications 34 Financial statements 46 Active grants 50 Training 55 Graduate fellows 56 Senior programme and support staff 59 Board of Trustees 65 Contacts 66 About ILRI and the CGIAR 67 Acronyms 68 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Foreword by the Board Chair Livestock matters are matters of life and livelihoods to 675 million people in the developing world. Farm animals are the most keepers to climb out of poverty. ILRI then important possessions of many poor house- began realigning its programmes and holds, contributing 20–60 per cent of projects explicitly to enhance three pathways household income and up to 80 per cent of out of poverty where livestock research is agricultural gross domestic product in predicted to have greatest impacts: securing developing countries. Demand for animal the assets of smallholders, improving their food in developing countries, now growing at production efficiencies and increasing their over 3% a year globally, is expected to market participation. The Institute is now double over the next 20 years. The rethinking the whole innovation process to International Livestock Research Institute find fresh approaches that will help close the (ILRI) works with partners worldwide to knowledge/technology gaps between rich enhance the benefits and mitigate the harm and poor. this ‘livestock revolution’ presents to the world’s poorest people. ILRI’s revised strategy contributes directly to each of the United Nations ten Millennium In 2002, ILRI consulted with its partners to Development Goals. It marries upstream to refine its strategy. This publication, Research downstream research to ensure that agricul- at the Crossroads of Livestock and Poverty tural technologies are workable in local (www.ilri.org), completed in August and contexts by local communities. And it 5 covering the period 2003 to 2010, provides explicitly incorporates multi-actor, multi- sharper focus on reducing poverty where it is sector ‘listening and learning’ approaches into most absolute and most widespread. The its research and outreach frameworks. revision outlines a new strategic goal, five new research themes and collaborative ways ILRI is moving into the new century confident in which the Institute is enhancing its that is working with its partners at the responsiveness to the fast-changing global dynamic interface of poverty alleviation and environment. livestock livelihoods. A project to map the intersections of poverty and livestock in the developing world for the first time was completed this year. Another ILRI team subsequently employed these maps in consultations to define the major John E Vercoe pathways used by impoverished livestock Board Chair ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Foreword by the Director General While demand for livestock products is rising fast in the developing world, and with it the potential to better human welfare, the role livestock play in reducing poverty is under livelihood options and policymakers new increasing threat. Macro-level changes are information to cope with these changes. impinging on the ability of developing- Research is conducted in five themes that country farmers and marketers to sustain their enhance the targeting of livestock research livestock livelihoods. Among these changes and development (R&D), enable poor are global warming, population growth, livestock keepers to take greater part in urbanisation, natural resource degradation, innovation processes and markets and to rapid expansion of industrial production of secure their assets through use of pigs and poultry, and changes in the inter- biotechnologies, and help communities national regulatory environment for livestock sustain their lands and livelihoods through trade in the face of growing anxiety about processes that improve agro-ecosystem health. transmission of ‘zoonotic’ diseases between livestock and people. This year has been one of continuous change for the Institute. We have revised the strategic We need to know how these changes affect direction of our research to better respond to vulnerable populations of small-scale live- the quickly evolving global landscape and are stock producers in developing regions, continuing to refine our thematic outputs. particularly as national livestock issues 7 become global problems requiring inter- We thank our partners, investors and clients national coordination to solve. ILRI brings for helping millions of people improve their together stakeholders in livestock develop- lives through livestock livelihoods. We look ment to identify and address the threats and forward to continuing these rewarding opportunities inherent in the increasing collaborations that are helping to reduce demand for livestock foods. We do this to world poverty. ensure that livestock production remains an effective and sustainable means of reducing poverty and hunger in the developing world. ILRI has restructured itself to be more responsive to global changes. Its research Carlos Seré products offer small-scale producers improved Director General ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK New Strategy A poverty-focused strategy During 2002, ILRI reviewed its research strategy to ensure its work has greater impact on the livelihoods of small-scale livestock keepers while contributing to the United Nations Millennium Goal of halving poverty 9 by 2015. The review identified three broad management, genetically improved pathways that can help livestock keepers breeds and cost-effective methods of climb out of poverty and to which research controlling livestock diseases. can make a direct contribution. These pathways are: ● Accessing markets. The availability of livestock products (live animals, milk, ● Securing assets. Livestock are meat, eggs, offal, manure, wool, hides, important assets for the world’s poor skin, feathers, bone, horn) and services people, storing wealth; providing food, (transportation and tillage) creates draft power, transport and manure; and opportunities for smallholder farmers serving traditional social functions. to sell goods and earn cash incomes. Research helps the poor secure more Research can identify barriers to assets through their livestock keeping. market participation by the poor such as inappropriate policies and lack of ● Improving productivity. Research also infrastructure and know-how. Research helps sustainably improve livestock also provides solutions and options productivity through better farm that help remove these barriers. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Interdisciplinary research themes ILRI has traditionally tackled complex 2 Enabling innovations: to link problems by assembling teams of scientists innovation processes more tightly to representing different disciplines, expertise key stakeholders through their direct and perspectives. Economists, mathematical involvement and consultation in those modellers and ecologists, for example, have processes worked together to assess the impacts of land- use changes resulting from improved control 3 Market opportunities: to improve of the disease-carrying tsetse fly. Epidemio- market access for poor livestock logists and veterinary and medical researchers keepers and marketers have worked together to determine the cause 10 of a recent epidemic of human sleeping 4 Biotechnology: to make use of sickness in Uganda. With refinement of its revolutionary advances in the strategy in 2002, ILRI systematically adopted biosciences to protect smallholder this multi-disciplinary approach to problem- livestock from disease and improve solving for its entire research programme. livelihoods of the poor The Institute established five themes on the 5 People, livestock and the environment: basis of issues and problems rather than to sustain lands and livelihoods disciplines: through better use of close links among human, animal and 1 Targeting opportunities: to target environmental health issues. research for sustainable livestock development to ensure that research has the largest benefits among the world’s poorest people ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK New Strategy Partners in global livestock research for the poor ILRI scientists work together with a wide variety of clients, partners and investors. These include local communities of livestock 11 keepers and marketers, agricultural extension agents, agricultural researchers from developing and developed countries, policymakers, government officials, the private sector and non-governmental organisations. Only such partnerships can ensure that research projects are tailored to the needs of the poor, elicit support of all key stakeholders, and are eventually scaled up and out for widespread adoption. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Better lives through livestock Research serving the Millennium Goals Ten years ago, the international environment and development community gathered at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to define a common agenda for growth, equity and conservation among rich and poor nations alike. Agenda 21 on sustainable development was adopted. In 2000, at the United Nations Millennium Summit in Rome, world leaders set targets for a major onslaught on global poverty, includ- ing halving extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. Worldwide, 675 million poor people depend on livestock for their livelihood. Livestock enterprises provide not only milk, meat and eggs for household consumption, but also ways to climb out of poverty. In 2002, ILRI revised its strategy to better 13 exploit interdisciplinary research partnerships for greater benefit to the poor. This revised strategy focuses on three pathways out of poverty: securing capital assets, improving productivity, and enhancing market access for the poor through research-based options that improve livestock livelihoods. The World Summit on Sustainable Develop- ment, held in Johannesburg in 2002, recog- nised that the fault line dividing human society between rich and poor poses a major threat to global security and stability. The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, called upon delegates to the Johannesburg Summit to find practical ways ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK 14 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Better lives through livestock to achieve the United Nations 10 Millennium Agriculture and food security are enhanced Development Goals by focusing investment by research that makes better use of crop and partnership efforts in five areas, com- residues for livestock feed and that refines prising the so-called WEHAB agenda: water the integration of crop and livestock and sanitation, energy, health, agriculture and production systems. food security, and biodiversity and ecosystem management. ILRI contributes directly or Biodiversity is conserved and ecosystem indirectly to all five areas. management improved by research that enhances nutrient flows and increases the Livestock depend on water for drinking and utilisation of indigenous forages and feed production and improved livestock livestock breeds. management is needed to prevent contam- ination and degradation of water resources. Because the elements of this ‘WEHAB’ agenda are inter-linked, an integrated Manure is a vital energy source for the rural research approach can generate greater poor, who use it for household fuel, which impacts on both poverty reduction and reduces the amount of manure they can use environmental improvement. to fertilise their croplands. Human health is improved by livestock research that generates new options for improving human nutrition and reducing human disease through control of livestock disease. 15 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Research overview Better options for poor livestock keepers For Mr Bulimu Jemweyi, livestock research has paid off. He has a three-acre farm in western Kenya that has to feed a family of eight. His land can be used for dairy as well as various food and cash crops such as tea and trees. Participating in a research project conducted by ILRI and another Future Harvest Centre, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, based in Colombia, he has made use of participatory modelling techniques to find out how best to increase his overall farm income. After working through various scenarios with the scientists, he decided to grow less maize and more Napier grass. The Napier grass supplements provide feed for his cow, which in turn gives more milk for consumption and sale and more manure to fertilise the soil. After one year, he is happy about his decision, as his income has already increased by more than a third. In three years, when his tea shrubs have matured, he expects his income to double. technology interventions can meet the For Mr and Mrs Jemweyi, the new cash objectives of small-scale farmers. This helps income pays for school and medical fees and target new research and development efforts. clothes and consumer goods like tea and sugar. Growing demands for cash income are Together with its partners in national just one of the challenges that poor livestock agricultural research institutions and other keepers have to meet. Increasing pressure on stakeholders, ILRI is implementing new land, caused largely by population growth as strategies to help more people climb out of well as by changing market and climatic poverty. Two-thirds of the world’s poor conditions, makes it hard for smallholders to depend on livestock for their livelihood. New make ends meet. discoveries that increase the utility and productivity of livestock-based livelihoods The feedback from the Jemweyi family helps can further enhance traditional livestock researchers to better understand how pathways out of poverty. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK To ensure that pressing questions in livestock research for the poor are Climate change addressed effectively, targeting and maize yields opportunities has been made a theme for systems analysis and economic and environmental impact assessment. Poverty mapping and priority setting for animal health research are examples of research Problem Climate change will determine outputs helping investors set their which crops can be grown where in the investment priorities. Better targeted coming decades. In some regions this will research and a longer termed vision are cause profound changes for smallholder necessary for greater impacts on the lives crop-and-livestock farmers who rely on rain- of poor livestock keepers. fed crop production to feed their families and livestock. Understanding livestock production systems of smallholders in developing Subsistence farmers are particularly vulnerable countries is key to being able to to change because they lack the resources to anticipate problems before they arise. For adopt alternative livelihood strategies. Early example, analysis of possible effects of identification of potential problem areas can climate change on the yield of maize, focus efforts to mitigate crisis situations and commonly grown on farms raising allow successful adaptation. livestock as well as cultivating crops, indicates where new policies and Relevance Worldwide strategies may help prevent future food crises. Ecological and economic research Partner International Center for Tropical must be combined to provide pastoralists Agriculture (CIAT) in Cali, Colombia with the information and methodologies that will enable them to cope with Funding CIAT and ILRI unrestricted grants 18 decreasing access to water and grazing lands, recurrent drought, fragmentation of The availability of climate models allowed rangelands, and livestock disease. scientists to consider various scenarios of Researchers and policymakers working climate change over the next 50 years. Spatial together with pastoral communities are analyses of how the climate change scenarios identifying opportunities for pastoralists to affect maize-growing conditions indicate earn income while conserving their changes in maize production in developing wildlife-rich rangeland ecosystems. countries. Early understanding of these changes gives time to develop suitable alternatives. Scientists from ILRI and CIAT have used climate data from UK (available at http://ipcc- ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk/), soil maps of the world from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and a well- established maize model to simulate growth, development and yield of maize crops under ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Targeting opportunities different climatic conditions. Running the maize. The effect of this will be compounded model shows that results for different because maize feeds not only poor people geographic areas vary widely. but also their livestock. While farmers in some areas, such as eastern Alternative agricultural strategies must be Brazil, are likely to see minor decreases in developed early to promise relief to farmers. their maize yields that may be readily More detailed analysis at high resolution is addressed by better varieties and better necessary to target very localised impacts. management, poor farmers in other areas, Knowledge about areas most affected by such as the Venezuelan Piedmont, may have possible climate change will allow effective 19 to forgo the cultivation of maize completely focusing of resources where it matters most. and find another livelihood to sustain them. For more information, please contact Philip Thornton (p.thornton@cgiar.org). In some places, such as parts of the Ethiopian highlands, farmers are likely to benefit from increased temperatures and changes in rainfall distribution and amounts, which are predicted to increase maize yields in future decades, but neighbours close by could have difficulties getting any harvest at all, as local variability in rainfall is likely to increase. Overall, maize production in Latin America and Africa because of climate change is predicted to decrease by 10%; however, this figure hides huge variations, with farmers in some areas becoming entirely unable to grow ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Participatory modelling integrates work to improve management strategies for different Livestock Farmer Field agricultural systems with technology Schools transfer. This allows farmers and scientists to examine trade-offs between farmer livelihoods and sustainable land use. Adoption of the results of crop research has Problem Traditional extension methods been enhanced by ‘Farmer Field Schools’. often fail to improve practices in livestock ILRI has adapted the methodology used in systems. One reason for this is that farmers these ‘schools’ to make assessments of are not sufficiently involved in identifying constraints and opportunities for livestock problems or in selecting and evaluating farmers in a pilot project in Kenya. Other possible solutions. Farmer Field Schools are Livestock Farmer Field Schools are an alternative and efficient extension tool but operating in South-East Asia with the help require adaptation for livestock issues. of the national agricultural research systems in that region to improve goat husbandry Relevance Africa and to lower goat kid mortality. Partners Kenya Agricultural Research With the help of modern information Institute (KARI) and Kenya Ministry of technology, warnings of impending Agriculture and Livestock Development droughts can reach farmers in time to avert (MoALD) through a joint KARI-MoALD-ILRI food crises. Policy analyses are another Smallholder Dairy Project; Land O’Lakes; example of research making sure that International Trypanotolerance Centre; FAO innovation benefits poor livestock farmers. Special Program for Food Security Funding UK Department for International Development Animal Health Programme, Farmer Field School methodology, initially developed by FAO for 20 FAO, United States Agency for International integrated pest management in cropping in South Asia, is based on Development learning by doing and farmers taking ownership of their decision- making processes. Farmers register as a group with their government Farmers in developing countries are and receive a start-up fund to finance meetings and visits to their knowledgeable about what limits the meetings by a specially trained facilitator. Management of the budget productivity of their farm animals. If farmers’ by the group empowers the farmers to demand and control activities experience and judgement are harnessed, that respond to the problems and needs of highest priority for the research-based knowledge and technologies farmers. The groups meet regularly with the facilitator, who helps the can be used more effectively to increase their farmer groups define problems and find solutions for them. productivity. This is the underlying principle One of the most important long-lasting effects of Farmer Field of an agricultural extension method known as Schools is empowerment of the farmers. They learn to improve their Farmer Field Schools. In a pilot study, ten observation skills, to gain knowledge from their observations and to Farmer Field Schools were established in five utilise existing resources for their problem-solving. Working together agro-ecological zones in Kenya to test and with other farmers, being in the driver’s seat throughout the adapt various aspects of the methodology for education process and being able to share newly found insights with livestock farming. neighbours builds confidence among the farmers to take further initiatives and to trust in their own problem-solving capacity. A fundamental aspect of Farmer Field ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Enabling innovations Schools that can be readily applied to The Gambia, is collaborating with ILRI to use livestock issues is improvement of farmer the methods of the Livestock Farmer Field observation and decision-making skills. Schools for small ruminant production. FAO Farmers learn from each other and from is starting two food security programmes in extension agents how to draw conclusions Lesotho and Swaziland that include poultry, from, for example, daily recordings of the pig and small ruminant Farmer Field Schools nutritional status of an animal and its milk with the active collaboration of the ILRI-co- yields and reproductive rate. ordinated Livestock Farmer Field School project in Kenya. Many aspects of livestock farming do not For more information, please contact Bruno Minjauw directly involve animals, such as best (b.minjauw@cgiar.org). techniques for fodder storage, and thus can be investigated by farmers. Where animals are involved, the risk in terms of animal well- 21 being and high cost implications do not allow experimentation by farmers, but often existing variations in farming techniques from one farmer to another can be compared and analysed by the Farmer Field School participants. Alternatively, new techniques that are likely to be beneficial, such as use of a vaccine, can be evaluated through records before and after a changed regimen. Livestock Farmer Field Schools have proved popular in all locations where they were initiated. The private company Land O’Lakes is now involved in expanding the project across Kenya with support from the United States Agency for International Development. The International Trypanotolerance Centre, in ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Policy changes can affect market oppor- tunities. For example, regulations to Small-scale milk control the spread of infections such as trade in Kenya foot-and-mouth disease can prevent smallholder farmers from accessing international livestock markets. Market analyses can help determine whether it pays to invest in pre-emptive disease Problem Small-scale, often unlicensed, control measures to comply with traders sell a large proportion of milk in international regulations. developing countries; in Kenya, they sell up to 80% of all the milk marketed in the Market opportunities are crucially country. These traders not only provide low- important to smallholders for the cost milk to poor consumers but also generate generation of cash incomes. Livestock employment in rural areas. research can help to define and improve market opportunities and can identify what Despite this, dairy development initiatives can be done to give poor livestock keepers often follow highly capitalised models that access to the market economy. require pasteurisation of milk before sale. This insistence on adherence to Western For many, market access depends on dairy models is largely due to safety infrastructure. Lack of feeder roads concerns. The adoption of large-scale connecting farms to main roads and milk Western dairy systems can ignore the small- collection points can be more important scale sector despite its economic importance than farm size in the decision to buy a and value to poor people. dairy cow. Buying a milking cow often uses up most of a family’s savings, so keeping Relevance East Africa animals alive and healthy is of paramount importance. Access to veterinary services is Partners The Smallholder Dairy Project 22 therefore another important factor in the (SDP) is conducted jointly by staff from the decision to purchase a dairy cow. Kenyan Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and ILRI, with partners from the Kenya Dairy Board, Nairobi and Egerton universities, the Kenya Medical Research Institute and the Kenya Ministry of Health Funding UK Department for International Development-Kenya Small-scale traders represent the largest part of the dairy industry in many developing countries through supply of unpasteurised ‘raw’ milk, boiled milk or traditionally processed dairy products. These traders often operate without a license because they are unable to comply with safety and other ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Market opportunities vessel at an affordable price. The container’s size allows easy transport on a bicycle. An easy-release clip holds the lid firmly on top, avoiding spillage and contamination. Consumers are attracted to the professional presentation, and this allows the traders to charge a small premium. The buy-in from traders is accordingly strong. Ugandan and Tanzanian dairy development and policy officials have shown great interest in the standards of production and delivery. How- improved small-scale traders’ milk can. ever, poor farmers and consumers rely on the more affordable raw milk that, in Kenya, is Working with the same groups and FAO, SDP nearly always boiled before consumption. has also developed training guidelines in milk quality control and hygiene for small-scale The Smallholder Dairy Project (SDP) brought traders. The Strategy for Economic Recovery together officials from the Kenya Ministry of of the new Kenyan government aims to Health, Kenya Dairy Board and the inter- accommodate informal markets. In the future, national NGO ’Land O’Lakes’ with a group of when small-scale traders in East Africa are small-scale traders to identify measures that able to obtain a license for their business could improve the quality of milk traded in based on appropriate training and equipment, informal markets. The aim was to determine poor farmers and consumers will benefit from 23 methods of training and certifying traders in better quality milk at an affordable price. the use of low-cost technical improvements to For more information, please contact Amos Omore or ensure milk quality. Steve Staal (a.omore@cgiar.org or s.staal@cgiar.org). The quality and safety of milk are affected by the container in which it is transported. Small-scale traders frequently use recycled plastic containers designed for other purposes. There has been no investment in the manufacture of containers specifically designed for the informal milk markets. This situation has now changed as a result of the SDP-organised consultation. Traders and dairy experts have established specifications for the ‘ideal’ milk container and a private manufacturer has been found to produce the ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Livestock diseases are a constant threat Unique genetic to farmers’ livelihoods in developing countries. Loss of diversity among resources of Africa indigenous breeds is a more recently recognised threat accelerated by the arrival of high-performance breeds from other parts of the world. Problem Many indigenous livestock With the help of established partnerships populations from developing countries are with scientific leaders worldwide, ILRI is threatened with extinction, in part because addressing these challenges with advanced they are being replaced by, or crossbred with, biotechnologies. exotic breeds. The loss of genetic diversity means the loss of invaluable resources. A multi-centre initiative is engaged in development of a genetically recombinant Conservation of biodiversity was re-affirmed as vaccine against East Coast fever, a killer of a global goal at the World Summit on cattle in 11 countries of Africa. With the Sustainable Development, held in sequencing of the genome of Theileria Johannesburg in 2002. Conservationists parva, the organism that causes the cannot conserve everything and are therefore disease, by The Institute for Genome forced to determine which are the highest Research, one of the many partners priority breeds. involved, an important milestone towards vaccine development has been achieved. Relevance Africa The Food and Agriculture Organisation of Partners National agricultural research the United Nations (FAO) coordinates systems and government authorities across livestock conservation efforts globally. Africa; Trinity College, Dublin Such efforts need reliable information on 24 indigenous breeds difficult to obtain in the Funding ILRI unrestricted grants; pro- developing world. ILRI has established gramme grants from the European Union, research facilities and an extensive information network for genetic studies of cattle breeds in Africa. In recent years, this network has been expanded to include cattle in Asia and small ruminants, chickens, camels, yaks and buffaloes. Information about the genetic diversity of tropical breeds of farm animals, plus economic analyses on the role and value of tropical livestock breeds for the poor, are forming a solid foundation on which to build conservation strategies. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Biotechnology France, Ireland, Japan and the United within as well as between African cattle Kingdom; and a special project start-up grant breeds. The results also showed that not all from the African Development Bank African indigenous cattle derive from ancestors in Europe and Asia. The research Genetic diversity and relationships among indicates that Africa was a separate centre for breeds can be understood through the use of the domestication of cattle. These truly molecular genetic markers. In the last eight African cattle subsequently crossbred with years, ILRI and its partners have studied 50 later immigrations of cattle from outside indigenous cattle populations in 23 African Africa. Domesticated within the continent, countries to assess their genetic diversity. but with genetic influences from the centres Understanding the genetic diversity of the of cattle domestication in the Near East and disappearing breeds is a prerequisite for the the Indus Valley, Africa’s present-day cattle development of conservation strategies. breeds represent a unique genetic resource. Unfortunately, knowledge of the genetic make-up of indigenous livestock populations This information is crucially important for from developing countries is poor. Recent efforts to conserve tropical African cattle and studies have found a high degree of diversity their genetic heritage, which contains a ‘memory’ of tens of thousands of years of life under African environmental conditions, including exposure to endemic diseases. Breed surveys and economic valuations by ILRI and its partners, including the national agricultural research systems of Africa and FAO, complement the genetic analyses with information on how and why people use and value livestock in low-input production systems in developing countries. Better understanding of monetary and non-monetary 25 values of livestock, together with technical information about genetic diversity in indigenous breeds, is making it possible to formulate effective livestock conservation strategies, an area of work of FAO’s ‘Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources’. In April 2002, the American journal Science ILRI’s work in characterising tropical animal published results of ILRI research on cattle biodiversity, tracing the origins of African cattle. genetic resources, including economic This map shows the distribution of Bos indicus valuation, is helping ensure that the diversity (humped cattle such as zebu) components in in indigenous livestock populations in African cattle breeds, with its peak in the developing countries is available to meet the regions of the Horn and the east coast of Africa. needs of poor livestock keepers over the long The zebu influence arrived likely by sea rather as well as short terms. than through the land connection between Egypt For more information, please contact Olivier Hanotte or and the Near East. Ed Rege (o.hanotte@cgiar.org or e.rege@cgiar.org). ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK About 70% of all human infections are Epidemic of sleeping ‘zoonotic’, with their origin in animals. In a recent spread of human sleeping sickness in Uganda sickness in Uganda, it became clear through laboratory and epidemiological analyses that cattle were the source of the outbreak. Once this was recognised, interventions to control its spread could Problem Since 1999, human sleeping be put in place. sickness has been spreading to new areas in Uganda. ILRI’s role in this discovery was one of a facilitator, linking health, socio-economic Human sleeping sickness can be treated if and natural resource issues. The interplay diagnosed early but severe reactions in the between human and animal health late stages result in death. Most infected exemplifies the close connections between people go undiagnosed, untreated and die. various parts of an agro-ecosystem. Relevance Uganda and areas of Kenya, Integrated natural resource management is Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia an approach that employs systematic analysis of agro-ecosystem health. Partners Livestock Health Research Institute Research into the health of an agro- (Uganda); Centre for Tropical Veterinary ecosystem takes into account environ- Medicine of the University of Edinburgh mental conservation, human nutrition and (UK); Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, health, and agriculture. ILRI works on National Agricultural Research Organisation various livestock-related aspects of and Co-ordinating Office for the Control of integrated natural resource management, Trypanosomosis in Uganda; Farming in from closer integration of crops and Tsetse-Controlled Areas of Africa-Uganda; forages in mixed crop-livestock systems, to Makerere University (Uganda); University of 26 optimal nutrient flows on mixed farms, to Glasgow (UK); University of Guelph (Canada) determinants of human undernutrition. Funding CGIAR Systemwide Programme for Collective Action and Property Rights, European Union, International Development Many partnerships with national institutions include several aspects of capacity building. An example is the recent collaboration with scientists in Uganda, where the high relevance of trypanosomosis for the country’s economy has made the disease a high-priority research topic. Scientists from Makerere University, in Kampala, and Uganda’s Livestock Health Research Institute have together developed a research agenda to tackle various economic and epidemiological aspects of trypanosomosis control in Uganda. The Ugandan scientists spend their working time divided between the field, their home institution, advanced training institutions in the UK and ILRI. For the Ugandan scientists, this collaboration means access to expertise that is not available at home and training in aspects of up-to-date science and grantsmanship. This training culminates in the award of a PhD, but the scientists agree that for them the most relevant aspect of the collaboration is that it provides them with a stepping-stone to the international scientific community. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK People, livestock and the environment from Britain’s Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Uganda’s Livestock Health Research Institute, supported by ILRI, used a combination of molecular markers and clinical investigation to demonstrate that the recent spread of sleeping sickness in Uganda Research Centre, International Fund for originated from infected cattle brought to Agricultural Development, UK Department market. Cattle had been moved through for International Development Animal markets to areas that had been depopulated Health Programme of livestock during the times of civil unrest. Today, as the Ugandan people and govern- In eastern Africa, human sleeping sickness is ment begin to restock good cattle land, there caused by the protozoan parasite Trypano- is a risk of introducing human sleeping soma brucei rhodesiensis and is transmitted sickness to new regions. by tsetse flies, mostly from cattle to people. Tsetse control exists in the form of insect- Understanding the dynamics of sleeping icides and tsetse traps. These labour- and sickness transmission will help design management-intensive measures are often not strategies for control of the cattle form of this sustained by governments and communities disease before animals are moved to new and consequently have not succeeded in areas or to markets. This approach would effectively protecting people from the disease. reduce the risk of transmission of sleeping sickness from cattle to people. An alternative approach to control is to For more information, please contact John McDermott combat the disease in cattle, which are the (j.mcdermott@cgiar.org). reservoir of the infectious agent. Scientists 27 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Research outputs on the Internet http://www.worminfo.org This site gives practical suggestions for sustainable control of internal parasites, one of the most important problems of livestock in the developing world. The site includes detailed information on options for The T. parva genome sequence and helminth control, including a database of annotation will be released on this website anthelmintics, a searchable bibliography of and submitted to the public databases upon relevant literature, computer-based decision- completion of the project. In the meantime, a support tools for professionals and useful BLAST server allows retrieval of sequences links to other projects. The site is hosted by from preliminary sequence contigs. ILRI and its partners involved in research to reduce the impact of livestock parasites. http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/gis/ This website gives access to an extensive database of spatial data layers that ILRI has generated over the last ten years. The 28 database includes layers related to livestock distribution and livestock health and production, as well as layers covering more general topics such as population density, climate and infrastructure. To date, the database mostly covers Kenya, but additional data layers for other countries within Africa, as well as global coverage, are expected. Geographic information system (GIS) layers can be downloaded directly from the website, and can be viewed with public domain browsers for users who do not have access to http://www.tigr.org/tdb/e2k1/tpa1 full GIS software. The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and ILRI are jointly sequencing the genome of Theileria parva, the protozoan organism that causes East Coast fever in cattle. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK http://www.maasaimaracount.org/ The Mara Count is a collection of fine- resolution information on animal, human and livestock population distributions in the Maasai Mara, a world-renowned national http://Dagris.ilri.cgiar.org/dagris/ wildlife reserve in south-western Kenya that is a critical part of the Greater Serengeti The Domestic Animal Genetic Resources Ecosystem. The first Mara Count was Information System (DAGRIS) is a web-based conducted in 1999; a second followed in source of information on selected indigenous October 2002. The Mara Count is a joint farm animal genetic resources, initially in venture by pastoral peoples, conservationists, Africa, and now rapidly expanding to include tour operators, land managers and livestock of Asia. Information on the origin, researchers. It provides high-quality distribution, diversity, present use and status information that informs decisionmaking of indigenous livestock breeds provides the about the twin goals of conserving wildlife basis for developing breed improvement as and developing pastoral communities living well as conservation programmes. DAGRIS is on wildlife dispersal lands adjacent to the also a useful tool for training and extension. reserve. The website gives information about the background and goals of the Mara Count, the novel methods and techniques employed in the Count, and the outcomes of each Count and their significance. 29 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Public awareness Public awareness briefs are short overviews of issues relating to livestock research for lay readers. For more information, please contact Susan MacMillan (s.macmillan@cgiar.org). Invest in the world’s living assets (goat poster in English, Chinese and Japanese) Livestock and agriculture Livestock and capital Livestock livelihoods for better lives and lands Livestock livelihoods: Pathways out of poverty Picture yourself at ILRI (brochure) The Livestock Revolution ILRI’s top ten achievements in Africa MEDIA GENERAL Africa’s high returns: G8 investment in Accumulating assets livestock research pays off (newspaper through animal agriculture advertisement) CGIAR fact sheet: The Consultative Group on Excerpts from ILRI news clippings International Agricultural Research FEATURE ARTICLES ILRI and livestock research in South-East Asia 30 First shoeshine (Mescal Square, Addis Ababa) ILRI livestock research partners ‘Kalkidan’: Where starvation and salvation are Improving smallholder farming in our hands (Centre for Mentally Retarded through animal agriculture Children, Addis Ababa) In good heart (the value of ruminant animals) Rebuilding lives in southwestern Ethiopia Invest in humanity (Ghibe Valley) Serious rain (Nairobi) Songs of praise (the value of cattle) Tangible gifts: When the (14) cows come home (Masai Mara) TARGETING OPPORTUNITIES New studies map human poverty and prioritise animal diseases Climate change threatens smallholder rainfed maize production in the tropics ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK ENABLING INNOVATIONS Lords of destruction (disease reigns in Africa) Crop-livestock farming systems: The backbone Lords of life and livelihood (East Coast fever) of small-scale Asian agriculture Risky business: Biotechnology and the poor Dairy and human development in the tropics The tsetse fly Helping farmers control worm infections in their sheep and goats TIGR and ILRI: Partners on the digital frontier Increasing market participation of smallholder Vaccine development at ILRI livestock producers in The Philippines Options in dairy processing and marketing Technologies to raise goat and sheep productivity in South-East Asia MARKET OPPORTUNITIES Enhancing milk markets vital to the poor Policy research enhances dairy opportunities in the Kenyan highlands BIOTECHNOLOGY A disease called poverty African genetic treasures key to reducing disease and poverty PEOPLE, LIVESTOCK AND THE Animal genetic resources in South-East Asia ENVIRONMENT Cattle as well as people evolved in Africa Beef, bread and baskets (Africa as the centre of origin for the world’s major forage grasses) Controlling heartwater disease in southern Africa ILRI forage genebank 31 Life sciences: Life opportunities Livestock and nutrient management, cycling and transfer Lifting the burden of tropical livestock disease Livestock help people and environments in Livestock diseases impoverish and threaten poor countries our world(s) (poster) Meat and milk improve development of malnourished children Not by bread alone: Animal foods eliminate a daunting nutritional threat to the world’s poor Of stalk and livestock (crop residues for livestock feed) Property rights, risk and livestock development SAVANNA for better rangeland development and conservation (poster) Stopping human sleeping sickness in southeastern Uganda ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Appendices Publications ILRI publications are available in PDF format on the Internet at www.ilri.org or can be requested from Partnerships and Communications (ilri-kenya@cgiar.org). PAPERS IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS Abegaz S., Duguma G., Negussie E., Gelmesa U., Terefe F. and Rege cell granules of the type III salivary gland acini, induces strong J.E.O. 2002. Factors affecting reproductive performance and antibody responses in cattle. International Journal of Parasitology estimates of genetic parameters of litter size in Horro sheep. (The Netherlands) 32:833–842. Journal of Agricultural Science (UK) 139(1):79–85. Blümmel M. and Fernández-Rivera S. 2002. In vitro gas techniques Abegaz S., Negussie E., Duguma G. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Genetic and efficiency of microbial substrate degradation. Animal parameter estimates for growth traits in Horro sheep. Journal of Nutrition and Feed Technology 2:93–115. Animal Breeding and Genetics (Germany) 119(1):35–45. Boulangé A., Katende J. and Authié E. 2002. Trypanosoma Abera A.A., Tegegne A. and Banerjee A.K. 2002. Slaughter congolense: Expression of a heat shock protein 70 and initial component yield characteristics of some indigenous goat types evaluation as a diagnostic antigen for bovine trypanosomosis. in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production 2(1):87–95. Experimental Parasitology (USA) 100:6–11. Agyare W.A., Kombiok J.M., Karbo N. and Larbi A. 2002. Desta S. and Coppock D.L. 2002. Cattle population dynamics in the Management of pigeon pea in short fallows for crop-livestock southern Ethiopian rangelands, 1980–97. Journal of Range production systems in the Guinea Savanna zone of northern Management (USA) 55(5):439–451. Ghana. Agroforestry Systems (The Netherlands) 54(3):197–202. Devendra C. 2002. Crop-animal systems in Asia: Future Ahmed M., Ehui S. and Mohamed-Saleem M.A. 2002. Adoption of perspectives. Agricultural Systems (UK) 71(1–2):179–186. crossbred cow technologies and increased food security among Devendra C. 2002. Crop-animal systems in Asia: Implications for smallholder dairy farmers in the East African highlands. Journal research. Agricultural Systems (UK) 71(1–2):169–177. of Crop Production (USA) 6(1/2):319–337. Devendra C. and Chantalakhana C. 2002. Animals, poor people and Ahmed M.M., Gebremedhin B., Benin S. and Ehui S. 2002. food insecurity: Opportunities for improved livelihoods through Measurement and sources of technical efficiency of land tenure efficient natural resource management. Outlook on Agriculture contracts in Ethiopia. Environmental and Development (UK) 31(3):161–175. Economics (UK) 7(3):507–527. Devendra C. and Sevilla C.C. 2002. Availability and use of feed Akinlade J., Smith J.W., Larbi A., Archibong L.A. and Adekunle I.O. resources in crop-animal systems in Asia. Agricultural Systems 2002. Forage from cropping systems as dry season supplements (UK) 71(1–2):59–73. for sheep. Tropical Grasslands (Australia) 36(2):102–106. Devendra C. and Thomas D. 2002. Crop-animal interactions in Ameni G. and Tibbo M. 2002. Kinetics of interferon-gamma (IFN- mixed farming systems in Asia. Agricultural Systems (UK) gamma) release in the peripheral blood of calves vaccinated 71(1–2):27–40. with BCG. Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry (USA) 34 23(2):245–251. Devendra C. and Thomas D. 2002. Crop-animal systems in Asia: Importance of livestock and characterisation of agro-ecological Astatke A., Jabbar M., Mohamed-Saleem M.A. and Erkossa T. 2002. zones. Agricultural Systems (UK) 71(1–2):5–15. Development and testing of low-cost animal drawn minimum tillage implements: Experience on Vertisols in Ethiopia. Devendra C. and Thomas D. 2002. Smallholder farming systems in Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America Asia. Agricultural Systems (UK) 71(1–2):17–25. (Japan) 33(2):9–14. Du Toit A.S., Prinsloo M.A., Wafula B.M. and Thornton P.K. 2002. Astatke A., Jabbar M., Mohamed-Saleem M.A. and Erkossa T. 2002. Incorporating a water logging routine into CERES-Maize, and Technical and economic performance of animal-drawn some preliminary evaluations. Water SA 28(3):323–328. implements for minimum tillage: Experience on Vertisols in Ethiopia. Experimental Agriculture (UK) 38(2):185–196. Duchateau L., Janssen P., Lindsey P., Legrand C., Nguti R. and Sylvester R. 2002. The shared frailty model and the power for Ayalew W., King J.M., Bruns E.W. and Rischkowsky B. 2002. heterogeneity tests in multicenter trials. Computational Statistics Practicalities of sustaining a goat-crossbreeding programme in and Data Analysis 40(3):603–620. eastern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production 2(1):71–85. Ermias E., Yami A. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Fat deposition in tropical sheep as adaptive attribute to periodic feed fluctuation. Journal Ayantunde A.A., Fernández-Rivera S., Hiernaux P.H., van Keulen H. of Animal Breeding and Genetics (Germany) 119(4):235–246. and Udo H.M.J. 2002. Day and night grazing by cattle in the Sahel. Journal of Range Management 55:144–149. Falcon C.A., Omamo S.W., d’Ieteren G. and Iraqi F. 2002. An ex ante economic and policy analysis of research on genetic Bebe B.O., Udo H.M.J. and Thorpe W. 2002. Development of resistance to livestock disease: Trypanosomosis in Africa. smallholder dairy systems in the Kenya highlands. Outlook on Agricultural Economics 25:153–163. Agriculture (UK) 31(2):113–120. Ghoyomu S.M., Souopgui J., Pellé R. and Titanji V.P.K. 2002. Bishop R., Lambson B., Wells C., Pandit P., Osaso J., Nkonge C., Expression and characterization of Ov-47, a dominant antigen of Morzaria S., Musoke A. and Nene V. 2002. A cement protein of Onchocerca volvulus. Experimental Parasitology (USA) the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, located in the secretory e 100(3):143–149. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Githiori J.B., Höglund J., Waller P.J. and Baker R.L. 2002. and respiratory mortality of Guinean goats in Kolda, Senegal. Anthelmintic activity of preparations derived from Myrsine Preventive Veterinary Medicine 55:217–240. africana and Rapanea melanophloeos against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus contortus of sheep. Journal of Larbi A., Smith J.W., Adekunle I.O., Agyare W.A., Gbaraneh L.D., Ethnopharmacology 80:187–191. Tanko R.J., Akinlade J., Omokaye A.T., Karbo N. and Aboh N. 2002. Crop residues for mulch and feed in crop-livestock Gonzalez-Estrada E., Fawcett R.H. and Herrero M. 2002. Integrating systems: Impact on maize grain yield and soil properties in the models of relative abundance with the dry-weight rank method West African humid forest and Savanna zones. Experimental for the botanical analysis of forest understorey vegetation. Grass Agriculture (UK) 38(3):254–264. and Forage Science 57:171–183. Laval G. and Workalemahu A. 2002. Traditional Horro cattle Haile A., Tembely S., Anindo D.O., Mukasa-Mugerwa E., Rege production in Boji District, West Wellega (Ethiopia). Ethiopian J.E.O., Yami A. and Baker R.L. 2002. Effects of breed and dietary Journal of Animal Production 2(1):97–114. protein supplementation on the responses to gastro-intestinal nematode infections in Ethiopian sheep. Small Ruminant Lekasi J., Tanner J.C., Kimani S.K. and Harris P.J.C. 2002. Manure Research (The Netherlands) 44:247–261. management strategies to enhance fertilizer quantity and quality as smallholdings in Central Kenya Highlands. Biological Hanotte O., Bradley D.G., Ochieng J.W., Verjee Y., Hill E.W. and Agriculture and Horticulture 19:315–332. Rege J.E.O. 2002. African pastoralism: Genetic imprints of origins and migrations. Science (USA) 296:336–339. Lillico S.G., Mottram J.C., Murphy N.B. and Welburn S.C. 2002. Characterisation of the QM gene of Trypanosoma brucei. FEMS Hartkamp A.D., Hoogenboom G., Gilbert R.A., Benson T., Tarawali Microbiology Letters 211(2):123–128. S.A., Gijsman A.J., Bowen W. and White J.W. 2002. Adaptation of the CROPGRO growth model to velvet bean (Mucuna Masake R.A., Njuguna J.T., Brown C.C. and Majiwa P.A.O. 2002. pruriens): II. Cultivar evaluation and model testing. Field Crops The application of PCR-ELISA to the detection of Trypanosoma Research 78(1):27–40. brucei and T. vivax infections in livestock. Veterinary Parasitology (The Netherlands) 105:179–189. Hindrichsen I.K., Osuji P.O., Odenyo A.A., Madsen J. and Hvelplund T. 2002. Effects of supplementation of a basal diet of McDermott J.J. and Arimi S.M. 2002. Brucellosis in sub-Saharan maize stover with different amounts of Leucaena diversifolia on Africa: Epidemiology, control and impact. Veterinary intake, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and rumen parameters Microbiology 90(14):111–134. in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology (The McSweeney C.S., Odenyo A. and Krause D.O. 2002. Rumen Netherlands) 98:131–142. microbial responses to antinutritive factors in fodder trees and Holloway G.J. 2002. When do export subsidies have a shrub legumes. Journal of Applied Animal Research (India) redistributional role? American Journal of Agricultural Economics 21:181–205. 84(1):234–244. Mekasha Y., Tegegne A., Yami A. and Umunna N.N. 2002. Holloway G.J., Dorfman J. and Ehui S.K. 2002. Tobit estimation with Evaluation of non-conventional agro-industrial by-products as unknown point of censoring with an application to milk-market supplementary feeds for ruminants: In vitro and metabolism participation in the Ethiopian highlands. Journal of Economic study with sheep. Small Ruminant Research (The Netherlands) Literature 49:293–311. 44(1):25–35. Holmann F. and Peck D.C. 2002. Economic damage of grassland Morton J., Adolph B., Ashley S. and Romney D. 2002. Conceptual, spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in Colombia: A first methodological and institutional issues in participatory livestock approximation of impact on animal production in Brachiaria production research. Livestock Research for Rural Development decumbens. Neotropical Entomology 31(2):275–284. 14(4) http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd14/4/mort144.htm Holmann F., Lascano C. and Plazas C. 2002. Análisis ex-ante de la Mpairwe D.R., Sabiiti E.N., Ummuna N.N., Tegegne A. and Osuji P. leguminosa arbustiva Cratylia argentea en sistemas de 2002. Effect of intercropping cereal crops with forage legumes producción de doble propósito en el Piedemonte Llanero de and source of nutrients on cereal grain yield and fodder dry 35 Colombia. Pasturas Tropicales 24(2):2–11. matter yields. African Crop Science Journal (Uganda) 10(1):81–97. Jabbar M.A., Ehui S.K. and von Kaufmann R. 2002. Supply and demand for livestock credit in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons for Muhr L., Tarawali S.A., Peters M. and Schultze-Kraft R. 2002. Soil designing new credit schemes. World Development (UK) mineral N dynamics and maize grain yields following 30(6):1029–1042. Centrosema macrocarpum and Stylosanthes guianensis: Effects of different rotations and varying levels of N fertilizer. Field Crops Jarlan L., Mougin E., Frison P.L., Mazzega P. and Hiernaux P. 2002. Research 78(2–3):197–209. Analysis of ERS wind scatterometer time series over Sahel (Mali). Remote Sensing of Environment 81(2–3):404–415. Mukasa-Mugerwa E., Anindo D., Sovani S., Lahlou-Kassi A., Tembely S., Rege J.E.O. and Baker R.L. 2002. Reproductive performance Jones P.G. and Thornton P.K. 2002. Spatial modeling of risk in and productivity of Menz and Horro sheep lambing in the wet natural resource management. Conservation Ecology 5(2):27. and dry seasons in the highlands of Ethiopia. Small Ruminant Research (The Netherlands) 45:261–271. Kitani H., Black S.J., Nakamura Y., Naessens J., Murphy N.B., Yokomizo Y., Gibson J. and Iraqi F. 2002. Recombinant tumor Murilla G.A., Peregrine A.S., Ndung'u J.M., Holmes P.H. and Eisler necrosis factor alpha does not inhibit the growth of African M.C. 2002. The effects of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant trypanosomes in Axenic cultures. Infection and Immunity (USA) Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of 70(4):2210–2214. homidium in Boran cattle. Acta Tropica (The Netherlands) 81(3):185–195. Kristjanson P., Place F., Franzel S. and Thornton P.K. 2002. Assessing research impact on poverty: The importance of farmers' Mwangi D.M., McKeever D.J., Nyanjui J.K., Barbet A.F. and Mahan perspectives. Agricultural Systems (UK) 72:73–92. S.M. 2002. Immunisation of cattle against heartwater by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that Lancelot R., Lesnoff M. and McDermott J.J. 2002. Use of Akaike recognise major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of the agent. information criteria for model selection and inference: An Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology (The application to assess prevention of gastrointestinal parasitism Netherlands) 25:23–32. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Naessens J., Teale A.J. and Sileghem M. 2002. Identification of Skilton R.A., Bishop R.P., Katende J.M., Mwaura S. and Morzaria mechanisms of natural resistance to African trypanosomiasis in S.P. 2002. The persistence of Theileria parva infection in cattle cattle. In: Fossum C. and Wattrang E. (eds), Proceedings of the immunized using two stocks which differ in their ability to 6th international veterinary immunology symposium, Uppsala, induce a carrier state: Analysis using a novel blood spot PCR Sweden, July 2001. Veterinary Immunology and assay. Parasitology (UK) 124:265–276. Immunopathology (The Netherlands) 87(3/4):6 187–194. Staal S.J., Baltenweck I., Waithaka M.M., de Wolff T. and Njoroge L. Negussie F., Kassa T. and Tibbo M. 2002. Behavioural and physical 2002. Location and uptake: Integrated household and GIS signs associated with oestrus and some aspects of reproductive analysis of technology adoption and land use, with application performance in Fogera cows and heifers. Tropical Animal Health to smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Agricultural Economics and Production (The Netherlands) 34(4):319–328. 27(3):295–315. Nene V., Lee D., Quackenbush J., Skilton R., Mwaura S., Gardner Taddese G., Mohamed-Saleem M.A., Astatke A. and Ayaleneh W. J.J. and Bishop R. 2002. AvGI, an index of genes transcribed in 2002. Impact of grazing on plant species richness, plant the salivary glands of the ixodid tick Amblyomma variegatum. biomass, plant attribute, and soil physical and hydrological International Journal for Parasitology 32(12):1447–1456. properties of Vertisol in East African highlands. Environmental Odongo N.D., Plazier J., van Straaten P. and McBride B. 2002. The Management (USA) 29(2):279–289. effects of replacing dicalcium phosphate with Busumbu Rock Taddese G., Mohamed-Saleem M.A., Astatke A. and Ayaleneh W. phosphate on performance and the mechanical properties of 2002. Effect of grazing on plant attributes and hydrological bone in growing chicks. Tropical Animal Health and Production properties in the sloping lands of the East African highlands. 34(4):349–358. Environmental Management (USA) 30(3):406–417. Odongo N.E., Tanner J., Romney D.L., Plaizier J., van Straaten P. Taddese G., Mohamed-Saleem M.A. and Ayaleneh W. 2002. Effect and McBride B. 2002. The effects of supplementing Napier grass of livestock grazing on physical properties of a cracking and self- (Pennisetum purpureum) with rock phosphate and steamed bone mulching Vertisol. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture meal compared with a commercial mineral mix on phosphorus 49:129–133. absorption in cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production (The Netherlands) 34(4):329–338. Tolla N., Mirkena T. and Yiemegnuhal A. 2002. Comparison of the efficiency of compensatory growth of Borana and Arsi cattle in Olila D., McDermott J.J., Eisler M.C., Mitema E.S., Patzelt R.J., Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production 2(1):11–23. Clausen P.-H., Poetzsch C.J., Zessin K.-H., Mehlitz D. and Peregrine A.S. 2002. Drug sensitivity of trypanosome populations Tolla N., Mirkena T. and Yimegnuhal A. 2002. Efficiency of from cattle in a peri-urban dairy production system in Uganda. compensatory growth of Borana bulls (Bos indicus) following Acta Tropica 84(1):19–30. different levels of feed restriction. Journal of Applied Animal Research (India) 22(1):129–136. Omamo S.W., Williams J.C., Obare G.A. and Ndiwa N.N. 2002. Soil fertility management on small farms in Africa: Evidence Turner M.D. and Williams T.O. 2002. Livestock market dynamics from Nakuru District, Kenya. Food Policy 27(2):159–170. and local vulnerabilities in the Sahel. World Development (UK) Pellé R., McOdimba F., Chuma F., Wasawo D., Pearson T.W. and 30(4):683–705. Murphy N.B. 2002. The African trypanosome cyclophilin A Vargas B., Groen A.F., Herrero M. and van Arendonk J.A.M. 2002. homologue contains unusual conserved central and N-terminal Economic values for production and functional traits in Holstein domains and is developmentally regulated. Gene (The cattle of Costa Rica. Livestock Production Science Netherlands) 290:181–191. 75(2):101–116. Rege J.E.O., Mukasa-Mugerwa E., Tembely S., Sovani S., Anindo D., Zerbini E., Krishan C.T., Victor X.V.A. and Sharma A. 2002. Lahlou-Kassi A., Nagda S. and Baker R.L. 2002. The effect of Composition and in vitro gas production of whole stems and cell breed and season on production and response to infections with walls of different genotypes of pearl millet and sorghum. Animal gastro-intestinal nematode parasites in sheep in the highlands of Feed Science and Technology 98(1–2):73–85. 36 Ethiopia. Livestock Production Science (The Netherlands) 78:159–174. Zewdu T., Baars R., Yami A. and Negassa D. 2002. In sacco dry matter and nitrogen degradation and their relationship with in Russell G.C., Oliver R.A., Craigmile S., Nene V. and Glass E.J. 2002. vitro dry matter digestibility of Napier grass (Pennisetum Functional expression of a bovine major histocompatibility purpureum Schumach) as influenced by height of plant at complex class I gene in transgenic mice. Veterinary Immunology cutting. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53(1):7–12. and Immunopathology 87(3–4):417–421. Sang-Un Lee, Young-Ho Park, Davis W.C., Jo Hamilton M., Naessens J. and Bohach G.A. 2002. Molecular characterization of bovine CD26 upregulated by a staphylococcal superantigen. PAPER IN NON-PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL Immunogenetics (Germany) 54(3):216–220. Li Pun H., Baumgaertner J., Greiling J., Gopalan H., Jabbar M., Sangaré M., Fernández-Rivera S., Hiernaux P., Bationo A. and Mares V., McDermott J., Odiit M. and Mohamed-Saleem M. Pandey V. 2002. Influence of dry season supplementation for 2002. Linking natural resources, agriculture and human health: cattle on soil fertility and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) yield Case studies from East Africa. Ecosystem disruption and human in a mixed crop-livestock production system of the Sahel. health. Summary report of a consultation hosted by IDRC and Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 62:209–217. UNEP. LEISA Magazine, Supplement (Canada). IDRC Sangaré M., Bationo A., Hiernaux H., Fernández-Rivera S. and (International Development Research Centre), Ottawa, Canada. Pandey V.S. 2002. Effect of type and level of roughage offered to pp. 17–20. sheep and urine addition on compost quality and millet growth and production in the Sahel. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 62:203–208. Sangare M., Fernández-Rivera S., Hiernaux P. and Pandey V.S. 2002. Effect of groundnut cake and P on millet stover utilisation and nutrient excretion by sheep. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 79(1):31–35. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK INSTITUTIONAL PUBLICATIONS Research Working Paper 47. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 21 pp. McCarthy N., Kamara A. and Kirk M. 2002. The effect of Socio-economics and policy research working papers environmental variability on livestock and land-use management: Ahmed M.M., Ehui S.K., Berhanu Gebremedhin, Benin S. and The Borana plateau, southern Ethiopia. ILRI Socio-economics Amare Teklu. 2002. Evolution and technical efficiency of land and Policy Research Working Paper 35. ILRI (International tenure systems in Ethiopia. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 29 pp. Research Working Paper 39. ILRI (International Livestock Nin A., Hertel T.W., Rae A.N. and Ehui S. 2002. Productivity growth, Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 33 pp. 'catching-up' and trade in livestock products. ILRI Socio- Benin S. and Pender J. 2002. Impacts of land redistribution on land economics and Policy Research Working Paper 37. ILRI management and productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 35 pp. Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 43. ILRI Omamo S.W., Kagwanja J., Reid R., d'Ieteren G., Ndjwa N., (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 21 pp. Nyabenge M., Matere C. and Woudyalew Mulatu. 2002. Benin S., Ehui S. and Pender J. 2002. Policies for livestock Agricultural extension reform in Africa: Insights and lessons from development in the Ethiopian highlands. ILRI Socio-economics livestock disease control in South-West Ethiopia. ILRI Socio- and Policy Research Working Paper 41. ILRI (International economics and Policy Research Working Paper 46. ILRI Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 23 pp. (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 13 pp. Berhanu Gebremedhin, Pender J. and Girmay Tesfay. 2002. Collective Pezo D.A. 2002. CASREN technology options tested on-farm with action for grazing land management in mixed crop-livestock farmer partners in China. CASREN Newsletter 3(1):4. ILRI systems in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. ILRI Socio- (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, economics and Policy Research Working Paper 42. ILRI The Philippines. (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 22 pp. Tangka F.K., Emerson R.D. and Jabbar M.A. 2002. Food security Berhanu Gebremedhin, Pender J. and Girmay Tesfay. 2002. Nature effects of intensified dairying: Evidence from the Ethiopian and determinants of collective action for woodlot management highlands. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research Working in northern Ethiopia. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research Paper 44. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Working Paper 40. ILRI (International Livestock Research Nairobi, Kenya. 60 pp. Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 24 pp. Bezuayehu Tefera, Gezahegn Ayele, Yigezu Atnafe, Jabbar M.A. and Impact assessment series Paulos Dubale. 2002. Nature and causes of land degradation in the Oromiya region: A review. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Eley R., Ibrahim H., Hambly H., Mulat Demeke and Smalley M. Research Working Paper 36. ILRI (International Livestock 2002. Evaluating the impact of the graduate fellowship programme Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 77 pp. of the International Livestock Research Institute. A tools and process report. ILRI Impact Assessment Series 8. ILRI (International Cranfield J.A.L., Hertel T.W., Preckel P.V., Reimer J.J. and Ehui S. Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 64 pp. 2002. Assessing the distributional impact of technical change in livestock and grains production in developing countries. ILRI Kristjanson P., Tarawali S., Okike I., Singh B.B., Thornton P.K., Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 34. ILRI Manyong V.M., Kruska R.L. and Hoogenboom G. 2002. (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 41 pp. Genetically improved dual-purpose cowpea: Assessment of adoption and impact in the dry savannah region of West Africa. Ehui S.K. and Jabbar M.A. 2002. Measuring productivity in African ILRI Impact Assessment Series 9. ILRI (International Livestock agriculture: A survey of applications of the superlative index Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 68 pp. numbers approach. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 38. ILRI (International Livestock Research Kristjanson P., Radeny M., Nkedianye D., Kruska R., Reid R., Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 21 pp. Gichohi H., Atieno F. and Sanford R. 2002. Valuing alternative land-use options in the Kitengela wildlife dispersal area of Kenya. 37 Ehui S., Benin S., Williams T. and Meijer S. 2002. Food security in ILRI Impact Assessment Series 10. A joint ILRI (International sub-Saharan Africa to 2020. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Livestock Research Institute)/ACC (African Conservation Centre) Research Working Paper 49. ILRI (International Livestock report. ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. 53 pp. Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 52 pp. Fitsum Hagos, Pender J. and Nega Gebreselassie. 2002. Land degradation and strategies for sustainable land management in the Ethiopian highlands: Tigray region. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 25. ILRI (International Livestock PROCEEDINGS Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 73 pp. Birthal P.S. and Rao P.P. (eds). 2002. Technology options for Holloway G. and Ehui S. 2002. Expanding market participation sustainable livestock production in India. Proceedings of a among smallholder livestock producers. A collection of studies workshop, Patancheru, India, 18–19 January 2001. NCAP employing Gibbs sampling and data from the Ethiopian (National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy highlands, 1998–2001. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research), Pusa, New Delhi, India. 220 pp. Research Working Paper 48. ILRI (International Livestock Frio A.S. and Gray G.D. (eds). 2002. Research and development Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 77 pp. strategies for the livestock sector in South-East Asia through Kerven C., Russel A. and Laker J. 2002. Potential for increasing national and international partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, producers' income from wool, fibre and pelts in Central Asia. Bangkok, Thailand, 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 45. Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 282 pp. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 32 pp. Jianlin H., Richard C., Hanotte O., McVeigh C. and Rege J.E.O. (eds). 2002. Yak production in central Asian highlands. Lapar M.L., Holloway G. and Ehui S. 2002. Policy options promoting Proceedings of the third international congress on yak held in market participation of smallholder livestock producers: A case Lhasa, P.R. China, 4–9 September 2000. ILRI (International study from The Philippines. ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 564 pp. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Rangnekar D. and Thorpe W. (eds). 2002. Smallholder dairy Ehui S.K. and Okike I. 2002. Institutional framework and policy production and marketing—Opportunities and constraints. processes for urban agriculture. In: Akinbamijo O.O., Fall S.T. Proceedings of a South-South workshop held at NDDB, Anand, and Smith O.B. (eds), Advances in crop-livestock integration in India, 13–16 March 2001. NDDB (National Dairy Development West African cities. ITC (International Trypanotolerance Centre), Board), Anand, India, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Banjul, The Gambia/ISRA (Institut Senegalais de Recherches Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 524 pp. + CD-ROM. Agricoles), Dakar, Senegal/IDRC (International Development Research Centre), Ottawa, Canada. pp. 137–150. Fernández-Rivera S. and Schlecht E. 2002. Livestock systems and nutrient cycling. In: Deininger A. (ed), Challenges to organic OTHERS farming and sustainable land use in the tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the Deutscher Tropentag, University of Kassel- ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). 2002. ILRI 2001 Witzenhausen, 9–11 October 2002. Book of abstracts. Kassel annual report: The poor and livestock mapping—Targeting University Press, Kassel, Germany. pp. 149–150. research for development impact. ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. 77 pp. Gavian S. and Ehui S. 2002. Measuring the production efficiency of ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). 2002. Livestock—A alternative land tenure contracts in a mixed crop-livestock pathway out of poverty. ILRI’s strategy to 2010. ILRI, Nairobi, system in Ethiopia. In: Meinzen-Dick R., Knox A., Place F. and Kenya. 24 pp. Swallow B. (eds), Innovation in natural resource management. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). 2002. Animal The role of property rights and collective action in developing genetic resources virtual library CD-ROM. SACCAR (Southern countries. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), African Centre for Co-operation in Agricultural Research and Washington, DC, USA. pp. 100–118. Training), Gaborone, Botswana/GTZ (German Agency for Gray G. and Saithanoo S. 2002. Meeting farmer needs for worm Technical Co-operation), Eschborn, Germany/ILRI (International control—A participatory and regional approach. In: Biological Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. CD-ROM. control of nematode parasites of small ruminants in Asia: Final Perry B.D., Randolph T.F., McDermott J.J., Sones K.R. and Thornton proceedings of FAO technological co-operation project in P.K. 2002. Investing in animal health research to alleviate Malaysia. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United poverty. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Nations), Rome, Italy. pp. 38–40. Kenya. 140 pp. + CD-ROM. Hanotte O. and Mburu D. 2002. Genetic diversity and relationship Pezo D.A. (ed). 2002. Research approaches and methods for of indigenous Kenyan camel populations. In: Hülsebusch C.G. improving crop-animal systems in South-East Asia. ILRI Training and Kaufmann B.A. (eds), Camel breeds and breeding in Manual 5. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Northern Kenya—An account of camel breeds of Northern Kenya Nairobi, Kenya. 179 pp. and camel breeding management of Turkana, Rendille, Gabra, and Somali pastoralists. Proceedings of a collaborative research Thornton P.K., Kruska R.L., Henninger N., Kristjanson P.M., Reid project on camel breed differentiation and pastoral camel R.S., Atieno F., Odero A.N. and Ndegwa T. 2002. Mapping breeding strategies within the KARI/EU Agricultural/Livestock poverty and livestock in the developing world. ILRI Research Support Programme for Kenya. KARI (Kenya (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 118 Agricultural Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 109–120. pp. + CD-ROM. Hülsebusch C.G. and Kaufmann B.A. (eds). 2002. Camel breeds and breeding in Northern Kenya—An account of camel breeds of Northern Kenya and camel breeding management of Turkana, Rendille, Gabra, and Somali pastoralists. Proceedings of a BOOKS AND CHAPTERS FROM BOOKS collaborative research project on camel breed differentiation and pastoral camel breeding strategies within the KARI/EU Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds). 2002. Policies for sustainable Agricultural/Livestock Research Support Programme for Kenya. land management in the East African highlands: Summary of 38 KARI (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. papers and proceedings of the conference held at the United 150 pp. Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Workshop Summary Paper 13. IFPRI Jones P.G., Thornton P.K., Diaz W. and Wilkens P.W. 2002. (International Food Policy Research Institute), Washington, DC, MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data USA/ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Addis for crop modeling and risk assessment. Version 1. CD-ROM and Ababa, Ethiopia. 206 pp. Users Manual. CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical), Cali, Colombia. 87 pp. + CD-ROM. Berhanu Gebremedhin and Swinton S. 2002. Sustainable management of private and communal lands in northern Kochapakdee S., Saithanoo S. and Choldumrongkul S. 2002. Ethiopia. In: Barrett C.B., Place F. and Aboud A.A. (eds), Natural Endoparasite in small ruminants in Thailand. In: Biological resources management in African agriculture: Understanding and control of nematode parasites of small ruminants in Asia: Final improving current practices. CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural proceedings of FAO technological co-operation project in Bureau) International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 77–89. Malaysia. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Rome, Italy. pp. 59–70. Bernués A., Solano C., Rojas F., Fernández W., Joaquín N. and Herrero M. 2002. Economía de la finca y el proceso de Kristjanson P., Okike I., Shirley A., Tarawali A., Kruska R., Manyong intensificación en sistemas mixtos agricultura–lechería en Santa V.M. and Singh B.B. 2002. Evaluating adoption of new crop- Cruz, Bolivia. Proyecto CIAT–Universidad de Edimburgo. livestock-soil-management technologies using georeferenced Publicaciones CIAT. CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura village level data: The case of cowpea in the dry savannahs of Tropical), Cali, Colombia. 48 pp. West Africa. In: Barrett C.B., Place F. and Aboud A.A. (eds), Natural resources management in African agriculture: Bonnet P., Camus E., Hendrikx P. et Lacelot R. 2002. La santé Understanding and improving current practices. CAB animale. In: Mémento de l'Agronome. CIRAD (Centre (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) International, Wallingford, International de Recherche Agronomique pour le UK. pp. 169–180. Développement)/GRET (Groupe de Recherche et d'Echanges Technologiques)/Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, Paris, France. Ndlovu L. and Mugabe P.H. 2002. Nutrient cycling in integrated pp. 1355–1390. plant-animal systems: Implications for animal management ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK strategies in smallholder farming systems. In: Barrett C.B., Place conditions of Holetta area. In: Keneni G., Gojam Y., Bedane K., F. and Aboud A.A. (eds), Natural resources management in Yirga C. and Dibabe A. (eds), Towards farmers' participatory African agriculture: Understanding and improving current research: Attempts and achievements in the central highlands of practices. CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) Ethiopia. Proceedings of client-oriented research evaluation International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 251–260. workshop, Holetta, Ethiopia, 16–18 October 2001. EARO (Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization), Addis Ababa, Ngaido T., McCarthy N. and di Gregorio M. (eds). 2002. Ethiopia. pp. 345–355. International conference on policy and institutional options for the management of rangelands in dry areas. Workshop Summary Anderson S., Rushton J., Tulachan P.M., Staal S.J. and Herrero M. Paper. CAPRI Working Paper 23. CAPRI (Systemwide Program on 2002. Demand and supply side changes in the milk sector: Collective Action and Property Rights)/IFPRI (International Food Impacts on smallholder producers and poor consumers. In: Policy Research Institute), Washington, DC, USA/IRESA Anderson S. (ed), Demand and supply side changes in the milk (Institution for Agricultural Research and High Education), Tunis, sector: Impacts on smallholder producers and poor consumers. Tunisia/ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in Case study summaries prepared for the international conference the Dry Areas), Aleppo, Syria/ILRI (International Livestock responding to the increasing global demand for animal products, Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya/INRAT (National Institute for UADY, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 12–15 November 2001. British Agronomic Research), Tunisia/OEP (Office of Livestock and Society of Animal Science, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK. pp. 1–9. Pasture), Tunis, Tunisia. 70 pp. Aynalem Haile, Baker R.L. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Economics of Okumu B.N., Jabbar M.A., Colman D. and Russell N. 2002. A bio- gastrointestinal nematode parasite control: The case of protein economic model of integrated crop-livestock farming systems: supplementation. In: Livestock in food security—Roles and The case of the Ginchi watershed. In: Barrett C.B., Place F. and contributions. Proceedings of the 9th annual conference of the Aboud A.A. (eds), Natural resources management in African Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP) held in Addis agriculture: Understanding and improving current practices. CAB Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 August 2001. ESAP Proceedings 9. ESAP, (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) International, Wallingford, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 359–366. UK. pp. 235–249. Baker R.L., Mugambi J.M., Audho J.O., Carles A.B. and Thorpe W. Place F., Kristjanson P., Kariuki G., Wangila J., Makauki A. and 2002. Comparison of Red Maasai and Dorper sheep for Ndubi J. 2002. Assessing the factors underlying differences in resistance to gastro-intestinal nematode parasites productivity group performance: Methodological issues and empirical and efficiency in a humid and a semi-arid environment in Kenya. findings from the highlands of Central Kenya. CGIAR Systemwide In: Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to Program on Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Working Paper 25. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Volume 31. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Institute), Washington, DC, USA. 43 pp. Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 639–642. Tarawali G., Douthwaite B., de Haan N.C. and Tarawali S.A. 2002. Benin S. 2002. Policies affecting land management, input use and Farmers as co-developers and adopters of green-manure cover productivity: Land redistribution and tenure in the highlands of crops in West and central Africa. In: Barrett C.B., Place F. and Amhara region. In: Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds), Policies Aboud A.A. (eds), Natural resources management in African for sustainable land management in the East African highlands: agriculture: Understanding and improving current practices. CAB Summary of papers and proceedings of the conference held at (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) International, Wallingford, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis UK. pp. 65–76. Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Workshop Summary Paper 13. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), Tulachan P.M., Jabbar M.A. and Mohamed-Saleem M.A. 2002. An Washington, DC, USA/ILRI (International Livestock Research overview of smallholder dairy farming in mixed mountain Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 89–96. farming systems of the HKH: Issues and priorities. In: Tulachan P.M., Jabbar M.A. and Mohamed-Saleem M.A. (eds), Smallholder Berhanu Gebremedhin, Pender J. and Girmay Tesfay. 2002. dairy in mixed farming systems of the Hindu Kush Himalayas. Community natural resources management in the highlands of ICIMOD (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Ethiopia. In: Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds), Policies for sustainable land management in the East African highlands: 39 Development), Kathmandu, Nepal/ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 3–16. Summary of papers and proceedings of the conference held at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Tulachan P.M., Jabbar M.A. and Mohamed-Saleem M.A. (eds). 2002. Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Workshop Summary Smallholder dairy in mixed farming systems of the Hindu Kush Paper 13. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), Himalayas. ICIMOD (International Centre for Integrated Washington, DC, USA/ILRI (International Livestock Research Mountain Development), Kathmandu, Nepal/ILRI (International Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 105–109. Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 92 pp. Bernert H., Iraqi F., Malkinson A. and You M. 2002. Role of TNF- alpha and IL-10 in mouse lung carcinogenesis. Ninety-third annual meeting of American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), San Francisco, California, USA, 6–10 April 2002. PAPERS IN PROCEEDINGS http://aacr02.agora.com/planner/default.asp Ahmed M., Preckel P. and Ehui S. 2002. Credit policy and Bernués A., Solano C., Rojas F., Fernández W., Joaquin N. and intensification in mixed crop-livestock systems: A modelling Herrero M. 2002. Economía de la Finca y el Proceso de perspective. In: Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds), Policies for Intensificación en Sistemas Mixtos Agricultura—Lechería en sustainable land management in the East African highlands: Santa Cruz. In: XIV Reunión Nacional de la Asociación Boliviana Summary of papers and proceedings of the conference held at de producción animal (ABOPA). Volume 2. ABOPA, La Paz, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Bolivia. pp. 425–436. Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Workshop Summary Blümmel M., Zerbini E., Fernández-Rivera S., Karsli A. and Russell Paper 13. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), J.R. 2002. Predicting efficiency of microbial production in diets Washington, DC, USA/ILRI (International Livestock Research by in situ and in vitro degradation characteristics of diet Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 175–179. ingredients. In: Proceedings, Western Meeting of American Alemayehu M., Gebre-Wold A. and Tegegne A. 2002. Use of Society of Animal Science (ASAS). Volume 53. ASAS, Illinois, crossbred cows for dairy-draught under smallholders farm USA. pp. 574–577. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Bonnet P., Markos Tibbo, Assegid Workalemahu and Gau M. 2002. production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 31. Rift Valley fever—An emerging threat to livestock trade and food INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, security in the Horn of Africa: A review. In: Livestock in food France. pp. 269–272. security—Roles and contributions. Proceedings of the 9th annual conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP) Fernández-Rivera S., Pezo D.A. and Devendra C. 2002. Meeting the held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 August 2001. ESAP demand for livestock feeds in developing countries. In: Frio A.S. Proceedings 9. ESAP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 379–404. and Gray G.D. (eds), Research and development strategies for the livestock sector in South-East Asia through national and Devendra C. 2002. Potential productivity from small ruminants and international partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, contribution to improved livelihoods in developing countries. In: Thailand, 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Batista A.M.V., Barbosa S.B.P., dos Santos M.V.F. and Ferreira Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 147–158. L.M.C. (eds), Proceedings of the 39th reuniao anual, sociedade brasileria de zootechnia, Recife, Brazil, 29 July–1 August 2002. Galleguillos F., Rojas F. and Herrero M. 2002. Características Secretaria Executiva, Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, Brasilia, reproductivas en fincas lecheras del Área Integrada de Santa Brazil. pp. 246–269. Cruz. In: Memorias de la XIV Reunión Nacional de la Asociación Boliviana de Producción Animal (ABOPA). Volume 2. ABOPA, La Devendra C. 2002. Smallholder dairy production systems in East Paz, Bolivia. pp. 439–449. and South-East Asia: Expanding importance, environmental impacts and opportunities for improvements. In: Rangnekar D. Gibson J.P. 2002. A coherent model for use of molecular genetic and Thorpe W. (eds), Smallholder dairy production and information for genetic improvement in low and medium input marketing—Opportunities and constraints. Proceedings of a systems. Abstract. In: Proceedings of the 10th congress for Asian- South-South workshop held at NDDB, Anand, India, 13–16 Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies, New March 2001. NDDB (National Dairy Development Board), Delhi, India, 23–29 September 2002. Indian Association of Anand, India, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Animal Production and World Buffalo Trust, Noida, U.P., India. Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 141–159. Gibson J. 2002. Possible roles for ILRI genetics and genomics Devendra C. and Pezo D.A. 2002. The crop-animal systems research. In: Frio A.S. and Gray G.D. (eds), Research and research network (CASREN). In: Frio A.S. and Gray G.D. (eds), development strategies for the livestock sector in South-East Research and development strategies for the livestock sector in Asia through national and international partnerships. South-East Asia through national and international partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–15 March Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 159–162. Kenya. pp. 90–99. Gibson J.P. and Iraqi F.A. 2002. Advanced intercross lines a Ehui S., Zelekawork Paulos, Ayele Solomon, Benin S., Berhanu powerful tool for fine mapping QTL: ILRI's mouse populations Gebremedhin, Jabbar M. and Pender J. 2002. Interregional and experience. In: Proceedings of the International Complex comparisons of agricultural production efficiency in the Ethiopian Trait Consortium (CTC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA, 15–17 May highlands. In: Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds), Policies for 2002. University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA. pp. 18–20. sustainable land management in the East African highlands: Summary of papers and proceedings of the conference held at Gibson J.P. and Iraqi F.A. 2002. Are existing inbred strains a the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis powerful resource for fine mapping of QTL? Inferences from Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Workshop Summary observed haplotypes among 7 inbred strains. In: Proceedings of Paper 13. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), the International Complex Trait Consortium (CTC), Memphis, Washington, DC, USA/ILRI (International Livestock Research Tennessee, USA, 15–17 May 2002. University of Tennessee, Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 111–115. Memphis, USA. pp. 21–23. Ehui S., Lapar M.A. and Zelekawork Paulos. 2002. Linking Gray G.D. 2002. ILRI in South-East Asia. In: Frio A.S. and Gray G.D. smallholders to emerging markets for livestock products: (eds), Research and development strategies for the livestock 40 Research and development opportunities. In: Frio A.S. and Gray sector in South-East Asia through national and international G.D. (eds), Research and development strategies for the livestock partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, sector in South-East Asia through national and international 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Research partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 83–89. 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Research Hall D.C., Ehui S. and Shapiro B. 2002. Interventions in animal Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 192–195. health: Economic analysis of the adoption of herd health risk Enyew Negussie and Workneh Ayalew. 2002. Conservation of livestock management programmes on smallholder dairy farms in central biodiversity and its relevance to food security. In: Livestock in food Thailand. In: Frio A.S. and Gray G.D. (eds), Research and security—Roles and contributions. Proceedings of the 9th annual development strategies for the livestock sector in South-East conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP) Asia through national and international partnerships. held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 August 2001. ESAP Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–15 March Proceedings 9. ESAP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 15–29. 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 233–250. Ermias E. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Modelling carcass characteristics from live animal allimetric parameters in tropical fat-tailed Hanotte O. and Mensah G.H. 2002. Biodiversity and domestication sheep. In: Proceedings of the 8th Baltic animal breeding and of ‘non-conventional’ species: A worldwide perspective. In: genetics conference, Kaunas, Litwania, 5–8 May 2002. Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Lithwanian Ministry of livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Agriculture, Animal Breeding Inspection Nordic Gene Banje and Volume 30. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 543–546. Rome, Italy, EAAP (European Association for Animal Production), Rome, Italy. p. 73. Herrero M. and Fawcett R.H. 2002. A generic household model for assessing the impact of interventions in crop-livestock systems. Ermias E., Yami A. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Genetic parameters of feed In: Proceedings of the 17th symposium of the International intake and digestive efficiency in tropical sheep. In: Proceedings Farming Systems Association (IFSA), Lake Buena Vista, Florida, of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock USA, 17–20 November 2002. IFSA, Florida, USA. p. 106. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Herrero M., Thornton P.K., Hoogenboom G., Fawcett R.H., Ruiz R. for trypanosomiasis resistance in cattle. In: Proceedings of the and Jones J. 2002. IMPACT—An integrated modelling platform 28th international conference on animal genetics, Göttingen, for animal-crop systems in the tropics. In: Proceedings of the Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of abstracts. Georg-August- 17th symposium of the International Farming Systems University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 100. Association (IFSA), Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA, 17–20 November 2002. IFSA, Florida, USA. p. 107. Kierstein G., Hirbo J., Rege J.E.O. and Hanotte O. 2002. Diversity of African domestic sheep (Ovis aris) revealed by mitochondial D- Hernandez-Valladares M., ole-MoiYoi O.K. and Iraqi F. 2002. loop sequence differences. In: Proceedings of the 28th Mapping of new quantitative trait loci (QTL) resistance to international conference on animal genetics, Göttingen, malaria in mice by a comparative mapping approach of human Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of abstracts. Georg-August- chromosome 5 q31–q33. Abstract. In: Proceedings of the 16th University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 109. international mouse genome conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 17–21 November 2002. IMGS (International Mammalian Kierstein S., Noyes H.A., Nakamura Y., Naessens J., Kemp S.J., Iraqi Genome Society), Tennessee, USA. p. 75. F. and Gibson J. 2002. Gene expression profiling of resistance and susceptible mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense Iraqi F.A., Menge D.M., Behnke J.M., Lowe A., Teale A.J., Gibson using microarrays. Abstract. In: Trypanosomiasis and J.P., Baker L.R. and Wakelin D.W. 2002. Defection of QTL for leishmaniasis. Proceedings of the seminar of the British Society resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice. In: for Parasitology Edinburgh, Scotland (GB), 8–11 September Proceedings of the 28th international conference on animal 2002. British Society for Parasitology, London, UK. p. 32. genetics, Göttingen, Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of abstracts. Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 181. King A.H., Jiang Z.H., Rohrer G.A., Gibson J.P., Waddington D. and Archibald L. 2002. Use of radiation hybrid mapping to locate Jabbar M., Ahmed M., Benin S., Berhanu Gebremedhin and Ehui S. candidate genes for female reproductive traits in procine 2002. Livestock, livelihood and land management issues in the chromosome 8. In: Proceedings of the 28th international highlands of Ethiopia. In: Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds), conference on animal genetics, Göttingen, Germany, 11–15 Policies for sustainable land management in the East African August 2002. Book of abstracts. Georg-August-University, highlands: Summary of papers and proceedings of the Göttingen, Germany. p. 185. conference held at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Kondande O.D., Iraqi F., Bovenhuis H., King R., Gathuo H., Gibson Workshop Summary Paper 13. IFPRI (International Food Policy J.P. and Arendonk J.A.M. 2002. Introgression of trypanotolerance Research Institute), Washington, DC, USA/ILRI (International genes in mice using markers information. In: Proceedings of the Livestock Research Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 97–103. 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 33. INRA Jenet A., Azage Tegegne, Osuji P.O., Asfaw Yimegnuhal, Kreuzer M., (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. McCrabb G. and Fernández-Rivera S. 2002. Lifetime pp. 39–42. undernutrition and lactation performance of Zebu and Zebu x Holstein cows in the tropics. In: Deininger A. (ed), Challenges to Kosgey I.S., van der Werf J.H.J., Kinghorn B.P., van Arendonk J.A.M. organic farming and sustainable land use in the tropics and and Baker R.L. 2002. Theoretical assessment of alternative pure- subtropics. Proceedings of the Deutscher Tropentag, University breeding schemes for meat sheep in the tropics. In: Proceedings of Kassel-Witzenhausen, 9–11 October 2002. Book of abstracts. of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock Kassel University Press, Kassel, Germany. p. 153. production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 33. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, Jianlin H., Ochieng J.W., Rege J.E.O. and Hanotte O. 2002. Low France. pp. 215–218. level of cattle introgression in yak populations from Bhutan and China: Evidences from Y-specific microsatellites and Lou Y., Zhang S., Amstein T., Anyango M., Mohibullah N., Osoti A., mitochondrial DNA markers. In: Jianlin H., Richard C., Hanotte King R., Iraqi F. and Gershenfeld H. 2002. The genetic architecture O., McVeigh C. and Rege J.E.O. (eds), Yak production in central of exploratory and fear-like behaviour in mice: A comparison of Asian highlands. Proceedings of the third international congress three strategies for fine mapping QTLs. Abstract. In: Proceedings of on yak held in Lhasa, P.R. China, 4–9 September 2000. ILRI the 16th international mouse genome conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 17–21 November 2002. IMGS (International 41 (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 190–196. Mammalian Genome Society), Tennessee, USA. p. 41. Joaquin N., Rojas F., Peña R. and Herrero M. 2002. Flujo de Macleod A.K., Iraqi F., Haley C.S. and Gibson J.P. 2002. Using the Nitrógeno, Fósforo y Carbono en Sistema Agrícolas–Ganaderos false discovery rate in the detection of QTL for trypanosomiasis de Santa Cruz. In: XIV Reunión Nacional de la Asociación resistance in mice. In: Proceedings of the 7th world congress on Boliviana de Producción Animal (ABOPA). Volume 2. ABOPA, La genetics applied to livestock production, Montpellier, France, Paz, Bolivia. pp. 13–18. 19–23 August 2002. Volume 32. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 753–756. Joaquín N., Vieira M.S. and Herrero M. 2002 Manejo de pastos tropicales en el Area Integrada de Santa Cruz. In: Memoria 4to Malmfors B., Smalley M., Philipsson J., Ibrahim H., Andersson- Simposio de Productividad Lechera, Centro Nacional de Eklund L., Mwai O., Mpofu N. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Capacity Mejoramiento de Ganado Bovino, Universidad Autónoma building for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 7–8 Noviembre 2002. developing countries—A new approach. In: Proceedings of the FEDEPLE, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. pp. 2–10. 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 33. INRA Kang'a S., Nilsson P., Goldammer T., Mwakaya J., Njagi E.N.M., (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. Schwerin M. and Hanotte O. 2002. Construction of a BAC config pp. 807–811. at a cattle QTL region linked to resistance to trypanosomiasis on BTA7 homologous to the murine T1R1 region on MMU17. In: Mburu D.N., Ochieng J.W., Jianlin H., Kaufmann B., Kuria S.G., Proceedings of the 28th international conference on animal Rege J.E.O. and Hanotte O. 2002. Genetic diversity and genetics, Göttingen, Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of relationship of indigenous Kenyan camel breeds: Preliminary abstracts. Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 169. results. In: Abdulrazak S.A., Mwangi D. and Mukisira E.A. (eds), The challenges of drought to livestock production in Kenya. Kang'a S., Nilsson P., Goldammer T., Mwakaya J., Elliot J.S., Proceedings of the annual symposium of the Animal Production Womack J.E., Schwerin M., Njagi E.N.M. and Hanotte O. 2002. Society of Kenya (APSK), Njoro, Kenya, 7–8 March 2002. APSK, From QTL to candidate genes—An example from QTL mapping Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 151–154. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK McDermott J.J., Kristjanson P.M., Kruska R.L., Reid R.S., Robinson September 2002. BSK, Nairobi, Kenya. p. 16. T.P., Coleman P.G. and Thornton P.K. 2002. Future climate, human population and socio-economic changes and their likely Nganga J., Gibson J., Kemp S. and Iraqi F. 2002. Fine mapping of effects on tsetse and trypanosomosis control in sub-Saharan trypanosomiasis resistance loci Tir2 and 3 using advanced Africa. In: Proceedings of the 26th meeting of the International intercross lines with major locus Tir1 eliminated. In: Proceedings Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock (ISCTRC), Ougadougou, Burkina Faso, 1–5 October 2001. OAU, production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 31. Nairobi, Kenya. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 703–706. Menge D., Behnke J., Lowe A., Gibson J., Baker L., Wakelin D. and Iraqi F. 2002. Mapping of QTL influencing immunological Nganga J., Gibson J., Kemp S. and Iraqi F. 2002. High resolution responses to gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice. mapping of trypanotolerance QTL Tir2 and 3 using F12 Abstract. In: Proceedings of the 16th international mouse advanced intercross lines. In: Proceedings of the 28th genome conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 17–21 November international conference on animal genetics, Göttingen, 2002. IMGS (International Mammalian Genome Society), Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of abstracts. Georg-August- Tennessee, USA. p. 141. University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 175. Menge D.M., Behnke J.M., Iraqi F., Lowe A., Teale A.J., Gibson J.P., Nganga J., Gibson J., Imbuga J., Kemp S. and Iraqi F. 2002. Towards Wakelin D. and Baker R.L. 2002. Quantitative trait loci for fine mapping trypanosomiasis resistance QTL Tir 2 and 3 using resistance to gastro-intestinal nematode infections in mice. In: F12 Tir1 depleted advanced intercross line population. Abstract. Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to In: Proceedings of the 16th international mouse genome livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 17–21 November 2002. Volume 31. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche IMGS (International Mammalian Genome Society), Tennessee, Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 707–710. USA. p. 142. Minjauw B. and Romney D. (eds), 2002. Integrated livestock Pender J., Berhanu Gebremedhin and Mitiku Haile. 2002. management using participatory methodology: The example of Livelihood strategies and land management practices in the livestock Farmer Field Schools. Proceedings of the joint ICTTD- highlands of Tigray. In: Benin S., Pender J. and Ehui S. (eds), 2/ICPTV workshop on integrated vector control including Policies for sustainable land management in the East African synergistic use of drugs and bait technologies for the control of highlands: Summary of papers and proceedings of the trypanosomiasis and tick-borne diseases, held at the Institute of conference held at the United Nations Economic Commission for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, 10–12 April 2002. Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. EPTD Newsletter on Integrated Control of Pathogenic Trypanosomes Workshop Summary Paper 13. IFPRI (International Food Policy and their Vectors (ICPTV) Newsletter (UK) 6:29–30. Research Institute), Washington, DC, USA/ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 41–46. Muigai A.W., Hirbo J., Rege J.E.O., Blackburn H. and Hanotte O. 2002. Genetic diversity and relationships of hair sheep breeds of Place F., Zomer R., Kruska R.L., de Wolff T., Kristjanson P., Staal S. the Americas: First results. In: Proceedings of the 7th world and Njuguna E.C. 2002. Development pathways in medium-high congress on genetics applied to livestock production, potential Kenya: A meso-level analysis of agricultural patterns Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 33. INRA and determinants. In: Proceedings of a conference on policies for (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. sustainable land management in the East African highlands, pp. 573–576. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24–26 April 2002. ICRAF Working Paper. ICRAF (International Centre for Research in Agroforestry), Muriuki H.G. and Thorpe W. 2002. Smallholder dairy production Nairobi, Kenya. and marketing in eastern and southern Africa: Regional synthesis. In: Rangnekar D. and Thorpe W. (eds), Smallholder Rege J.E.O., Muigai A.W., Chenyambuga S., Kierstein G. and dairy production and marketing—Opportunities and constraints. Hanotte O. 2002. Assessment of the genetic diversity in African Proceedings of a South-South workshop held at NDDB, Anand, small ruminants: Present status and future prospect. In: 42 India, 13–16 March 2001. NDDB (National Dairy Development Proceedings of the 53rd annual meeting of the European Board), Anand, India, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Cairo, Egypt, 1–4 Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 185–200. September 2002. Book of abstracts. EAAP, Rome, Italy. p. 224. Naessens J., Nakamura Y. and Iraqi F. 2002. Trypanosome resistance Rege J.E.O., Baker R.L. and Hanotte O. 2002. Improving our in mice is associated with better capacity to control parasitemia, understanding and utilisation of indigenous livestock breeds of but not anaemia. Abstract. In: Proceedings of the 16th developing countries: Key research challenges. In: Proceedings international mouse genome conference, San Antonio, Texas, of the 53rd annual meeting of the European Association for USA, 17–21 November 2002. IMGS (International Mammalian Animal Production (EAAP), Cairo, Egypt, 1–4 September 2002. Genome Society), Tennessee, USA. p. 179. Book of abstracts. EAAP, Rome, Italy. p. 4. Nakamura Y., Tsuchiya Y., Naessens J., Gibson J. and Iraqi F. 2002. Staal S.J. 2002. The competitiveness of smallholder dairy Glucocorticoid responses to Trypanosoma congolense infection in production: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin susceptible and resistance mouse strains. Abstract. In: Proceedings America. In: Rangnekar D. and Thorpe W. (eds), Smallholder of the 16th international mouse genome conference, San Antonio, dairy production and marketing—Opportunities and constraints. Texas, USA, 17–21 November 2002. IMGS (International Proceedings of a South-South workshop held at NDDB, Anand, Mammalian Genome Society), Tennessee, USA. p. 125. India, 13–16 March 2001. NDDB (National Dairy Development Board), Anand, India, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Negussie E. and Abegaz S. 2002. Genetic trends and effects of Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 250–264. inbreeding on the performance of tropical fat-tailed sheep. In: Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to Staal S.J., Waithaka M., Owour G.A. and Herrero M. 2002. Demand livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. and supply side changes in the milk sector: Impacts on Volume 33. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche smallholder producers and poor consumers: The case of dairy in Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 449–452. Kenya—A summary. In: Anderson S. (ed), Demand and supply side changes in the milk sector: Impacts on smallholder Nganga J. and Iraqi F. 2002. Characterization of trypanosomosis producers and poor consumers. Case study summaries prepared resistance locus Tir2 in mice. Abstract. In: Proceedings of the for the international conference responding to the increasing seventh Biochemical Society of Kenya (BSK), Nairobi, Kenya, 26 global demand for animal products, UADY, Merida, Yucatan, ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Mexico, 12–15 November 2001. British Society of Animal applied to livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19–23 Science, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK. pp. 26–31. August 2002. Volume 33. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. pp. 509–512. Stephen J., Wollny C.B.A., Jamnadass R., Hanotte O. and Gwakisa P.S. 2002. Assessment of genetic relationship of Tanzanian sheep Yohannes Gojam, Azage Tegegne, Alemu G/Wold, Mengistu ecotypes using RAPD and microsatellite DNA markers. In: Alemayehu and Zelalem Yilma. 2002. Testicular growth and its Proceedings of the 28th international conference on animal relationship with linear body measurements in Boran-Friesian genetics, Göttingen, Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of crossbred bullcalves at different ages. In: Livestock in food abstracts. Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 141. security—Roles and contributions. Proceedings of the 9th annual conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP) Taylor D. 2002. ILRI and science responding to a changing world. In: held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 August 2001. ESAP Frio A.S. and Gray G.D. (eds), Research and development strategies Proceedings 9. ESAP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 313–322. for the livestock sector in South-East Asia through national and international partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Yoon D.H., Ochieng J.W., Lee H.K., Oh S.J., Cho B.W., Cheong I.C. Thailand, 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock and Hanotte O. 2002. Genetic diversity and relationships of Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 19–23. three eastern Asian cattle breeds. In: Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Tesfaye Wolde Michael, Osuji P.O. and Asfaw Yimegnuhal. 2002. Montpellier, France, 19–23 August 2002. Volume 33. INRA Effect of wheat bran supplementation at graded levels on (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Cedex, France. changes in physical body composition in teff straw (Eragrostis pp. 577–580. tef) fed to Zebu (Bos indicus) oxen of the Ethiopian highlands. In: Livestock in food security—Roles and contributions. Yoon D.H., Cao H., Cho Y.-M., Hanotte O. and Cheong I.C. 2002. A Proceedings of the 9th annual conference of the Ethiopian novel polymorphism in exon 5 of the bovine growth hormone Society of Animal Production (ESAP) held in Addis Ababa, gene and its relationship to backfat thickness in Hanwoo cattle. Ethiopia, 30–31 August 2001. ESAP Proceedings 9. ESAP, Addis In: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on animal Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 99–109. genetics, Göttingen, Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Book of abstracts. Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. p. 69. Tesfaye Wolde Michael, Osuji P.O., Asfaw Yimegnuhal and Alemu Yami. 2002. Effect of wheat bran supplementation on feed intake, body weight change and retained energy in the carcass of Ethiopian highland Zebu (Bos indicus) oxen fed teff straw (Eragrostis tef) as basal diet. In: Livestock in food security—Roles and contributions. Proceedings of the 9th annual conference of PROGRAMME DOCUMENTS the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP) held in Addis Alo A.M.P. 2002. Learning workshop on an integrated approach to Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 August 2001. ESAP Proceedings 9. ESAP, worm goat control: A community facilitator's course. In: Action Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 111–124. plans for IFAD Tag 443. CIP–UPWARD international participatory Thornton P. 2002. A global study of poverty and livestock. In: Frio research and development training course. ILRI/SPCSR A.S. and Gray G.D. (eds), Research and development strategies (Sustainable Parasite Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper for the livestock sector in South-East Asia through national and 27. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, international partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, Laguna, Philippines. pp. 2–16. Thailand, 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock Drucker A.G. 2002. How to value AnGR? A case study. In: Mwai O. Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 49–54. and Malmfors B. (eds), Animal genetics training resources CD- Thorpe W. 2002. Markets, technologies and smallholder dairy: ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Partnerships for research-based development. In: Frio A.S. and Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Gray G.D. (eds), Research and development strategies for the Uppsala, Sweden. CD-ROM. livestock sector in South-East Asia through national and Drucker A.G. 2002. Why value AnGR in economic terms? A case international partnerships. Proceedings of a workshop, Bangkok, study. In: Mwai O. and Malmfors B. (eds), Animal genetics Thailand, 11–15 March 2002. ILRI (International Livestock 43 training resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 196–204. Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. CD-ROM. Tibbo M., Inyangala B.A.O. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. N'Dama breed: Datasheet and text. In: Animal health and production ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). 2002. Action plans compendium. CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) for IFAD TAG 443: CIP–Upward international participatory International, Wallingford, UK. research and development training course. ILRI/SPCSR http://www.cabi.org/compendia/ahpc/ (Sustainable Parasite Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper 27. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Tibbo M., Workalemahu A. and Bonnet P. 2002. Emerging vector- Laguna, The Philippines. v.p. borne diseases as public health threats and diseases of trade. The case of Rift Valley fever: A threat to livestock trade and food Ly N.D., van Binh D. and Hanh H.T. 2002. Action planning. security in the Horn of Africa. In: Proceedings of the 15th Participatory research of using medicinal plants to control conference of the Ethiopian Veterinary Association (EVA), Addis internal parasites in small ruminants in Vietnam. In: Action plans Ababa, Ethiopia, 5–7 June 2001. EVA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. for IFAD Tag 443. CIP–UPWARD international participatory pp. 1–29. research and development training course. ILRI/SPCSR (Sustainable Parasite Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper Xuebin Q., Jianlin H., Rege J.E.O. and Hanotte O. 2002. Cattle 27. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, mitochondrial DNA introgression in yak (Poephagus or Bos Laguna, The Philippines. pp. 26–31. grunniens). In: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on animal genetics, Göttingen, Germany, 11–15 August 2002. Mackenzie D.R., Menwuyellet Moussie and van Schoonhoven A. Book of abstracts. Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. 2002. ILRI facilities in Ethiopia. ILRI CCER (International p. 102. Livestock Research Institute Centre-Commissioned External Review), Nairobi, Kenya. 33 pp. Xuebin Q., Jianlin H., Rege J.E.O. and Hanotte O. 2002. Y- chromosome specific microsatellite polymorphisms in Chinese Markos Tibbo, Mekonnen Shibiru, Conchedda G. and Mwai O. yak. In: Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics 2002. Breed information, origin and distribution, physical ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK characteristics, peculiarity, breed status, utility, photographs of (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. the breeds, maps of their location and literature. In: Mwai O. http://dagris.ilri.cgiar.org/dagris/ and Malmfors B. (eds), Animal genetics training resources CD- ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Sartika T. and Subandriyo S.T. 2002. Creating a bibliography of Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, sustainable parasite control (SPC) for small ruminant in Uppsala, Sweden. CD-ROM. Indonesia. Development and testing of an integrated approach to the control of gastro-intestinal parasites of small ruminants in Mpofu N. and Andersson-Eklund L. 2002. Quantitative methods to South and South-East Asia (TAG 433). ILRI/SPCSR (Sustainable improve the understanding and utilisation of animal genetic Parasite Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper 26. ILRI resources: A case study. In: Mwai O. and Malmfors B. (eds), (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, Animal genetics training resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI The Philippines. 54 pp. (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Setiadi B. 2002. Improvement of breeding management on Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, sustainable parasite control for small ruminant in participatory Sweden. CD-ROM. action research, Indonesia. In: Action plans for IFAD (Tag 443). Mpofu N. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Monitoring of Sahiwal and Friesian CIP–UPWARD international participatory research and cattle genetic improvement programmes in Kenya: A case study. development training course. ILRI/SPCSR (Sustainable Parasite In: Mwai O. and Malmfors B. (eds), Animal genetics training Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper 27. ILRI resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of Philippines. pp. 22–25. Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. CD-ROM. Waithaka M.M., Nyangaga J.N., Staal S.J., Wokabi A.W., Njubi D., Mpofu N. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. The unique Kuri cattle of the Lake Muriuki G., Njoroge L.N. and Wanjohi P.N. 2002. Chad Basin: A case study. In: Mwai O. and Malmfors B. (eds), Characterization of dairy systems in the western Kenya region. Animal genetics training resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI Smallholder Dairy (Research & Development) Project Research (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Report. MoALD/KARI/ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. 72 pp. Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Yulistiani D. 2002. Farmer participatory training on technology Sweden. CD-ROM. option for gastro-intestinal parasite control for small ruminants Mwai O. and Malmfors B. (eds). 2002. Animal genetics training in Indonesia. In: Action plans for IFAD (Tag 443). resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock CIP–UPWARD international participatory research and Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of development training course. ILRI/SPCSR (Sustainable Parasite Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. CD-ROM. Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper 27. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, Okomo-Adhiambo M. 2002. Characterisation of genetic diversity in The Philippines. pp. 17–21. indigenous cattle of East Africa: Use of microsatellite DNA techniques: A case study. In: Mwai O. and Malmfors B. (eds), Animal genetics training resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, NETWORK PUBLICATIONS Sweden. CD-ROM. Bizhi H., Jikun W., Ankui W., Huaming M., Shichun Z., Wenyang Omore A., Arimi S., Kangethe E., McDermott J., Staal S., Ouma E., C., Cungen Z. and Jianping L. 2002. Crop-Animal Systems Odhiambo J., Mwangi A., Aboge G., Koroti E. and Koech R. Research Network (CASREN)—China: Final report (1999–2001). 2002. Assessing and managing milk-borne health risks for the CASREN Progress Report 7. ILRI (International Livestock benefit of consumers in Kenya. SDP research report. MOARD Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines. 29 pp. (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development), Nairobi Kenya/KARI (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute), Nairobi, Devendra C. and Pezo D.A. 2002. Improvement of crop-animal 44 Kenya/ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, systems and rainfed agriculture to sustain food security and Kenya. 49 pp. livelihoods in South-East Asia. CASREN Working Paper 26. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, Patawaran C.K.S. 2002. Participatory technology improvement and The Philippines. 9 pp. evaluation of Sparc information support(s) system for small ruminant production. In: Action plans for IFAD Tag 443. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). 2002. Increasing the CIP–UPWARD international participatory research and contribution of livestock to improving productivity of crop- development training course. ILRI/SPCSR (Sustainable Parasite livestock systems in South-East Asia (RETA N.5812): Terminal Control for Small Ruminants) Working Paper 27. ILRI report 1999–2001. Crop-Animal Systems Research Network (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, (CASREN) Progress Report 9. ILRI (International Livestock The Philippines. pp. 32–39. Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines. 53 pp. Philipsson J. and Rege J.E.O. 2002. Sustainable breeding Ndikumana J., Kamidi R., Solomon Desta, Marambii R., Abdi A.J. programmes for tropical farming systems: Module text. In: Mwai and Shori R. 2002. Assessment of possible USAID/OFDA-led O. and Malmfors B. (eds), Animal genetics training resources activities for increasing resilience of pastoral communities in the CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Greater Horn of Africa. Consultancy report submitted to Institute), Nairobi, Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural USAID/OFDA. ASARECA (Association for Strengthening Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. CD-ROM. Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa)/A-AARNET (Animal Agriculture Research Network) Coordination Team, Rege J.E.O. 2002. Improving our knowledge of tropical animal Nairobi, Kenya/ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), genetic resources: Module text. In: Mwai O. and Malmfors B. Nairobi, Kenya. 118 pp. (eds), Animal genetics training resources CD-ROM. Version 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Pezo D.A. and León-Velarde C.U. 2002. Adaptation of dairy and Kenya/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, beef cattle simulation models for the ex-ante evaluation of year- Sweden. CD-ROM. round feeding strategies in South-East Asia. Crop-Animal Systems Research Network (CASREN) Working Paper 33. ILRI Rege J.E.O., Workneh Ayalew and Ephrem Getahun. 2002. Domestic (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, animal genetic resources information system (DAGRIS). ILRI The Philippines. 22 pp. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Pezo D.A., Gray G.D. and Saithanoo S. 2002. Improving small-scale Herwin E. 2002. Conservation of genetic diversity: Assessing genetic crop-livestock systems in South-East Asia through the CASREN variation using marker estimated kinship. PhD thesis, network. UPWARD Fieldnotes 11(1–2):19–20. Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Villar E.C., Lanting E.L., Cardenas D.C., Alo A.P., Domingo S.N., de Roma V.M., Soria G.B., de la Cruz N.E. and Orden E.A. 2002. Koroti E. 2002. Assessment of risks of zoonotic Escherichia coli Crop-animal systems research in Philippine lowland rainfed 0157:H7 and brucellosis in informally marketed unpasteurised areas: Terminal report 1990–2001. Crop-Animal Systems milk in Nairobi and Nakuru Districts, Kenya. MSc thesis, Research Network (CASREN) Progress Report 8. ILRI University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. 84 pp. (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Laguna, Laval G. 2002. Analyse coût-bénéfice des méthodes de lutte contre The Philippines. 50 pp. la Ppcb (peripneumonie contagieuse bovine): Une application Wanapat M., Polthanee A. and Wachirapakorn C. 2002. Livestock au niveau du troupeau dans le District de Boji, West Wellega, crop systems research project—Thailand: Final report. Crop- Ethiopie. PhD thesis, Université Calaude Bernard, Lyon, France. Animal Systems Research Network (CASREN) Progress Report 10. 261 pp. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Los Baños, Mwangi A.W. 2002. Establishment of critical control points of Laguna, The Philippines. 31 pp. informally marketed raw milk in Kiambu and Nairobi districts based on microbiological safety. MSc thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. 116 pp. Ngigi M.W. 2002. An evaluation of the impacts of transaction cost and market outlet risks on market participation of smallholder THESES dairy farmers in Central Kenya. PhD thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. 299 pp. Aboge G. 2002. Antimicrobial residues detected in marketed milk in urban and rural areas in Kenya. MSc thesis, University of Sangare M. 2002. Optimisation de l'utilisation des resources Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. 68 pp. alimentaires disponibles pour l'alimentation du betail et du recyclage des elements nutritifs au Sahel. PhD thesis, Addis Simachew. 2002. Characterization of some goat populations Department de Production et Sante Animales Tropicales, IMTPL in Ethiopia by means of blood protein polymorphism. MSc (Institut de Medecine Tropicale Prince Leopold), Antwerpen, thesis, School of Graduate Studies, Addis Ababa University, Belgique. 202 pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 89 pp. Tesfaye Kumsa. 2002. On-farm use of multi-purpose F1 crossbred Bonnet P. 2002. Etude préliminaire des marqueurs de risque socio- cows in the mixed crop-livestock highland production systems in spatiaux de la diffusion de la péri pneumonie contagieuse bovine Ethiopia. PhD thesis, Department of Animal Science and Animal (PPCB) dans les hauts plateaux d’Ethiopie. Université Paul Health, Royal Veterinary Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Valery, Montpellier, France. 60 pp. Denmark. 225 pp. 45 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2002 US$ ’000 US$ ’000 2002 2001 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents 6,264 5,270 Accounts receivable Donors - net 6,899 6,940 Employees 199 167 Others 699 744 Inventories - net 957 1,224 Prepaid expenses 289 302 Other current assets 3,545 2,482 Total current assets 18,852 17,129 NON-CURRENT ASSETS Property and equipment - net 14,923 16,272 Intangible assets - net 141 203 Investment in subsidiary 1,816 1,816 Total non-current assets 16,880 18,291 TOTAL ASSETS 35,732 35,420 LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Current liabilities Accounts payable Donors 4,410 2,864 Employees 832 1,350 46 Others 1,134 893 Accruals 1,430 1,695 Funds in trust 367 369 Total current liabilities 8,173 7,171 Non-current liabilities Accounts payable – employees 569 560 Total liabilities 8,742 7,731 Net assets Unrestricted – appropriated 17,443 18,835 – unappropriated 9,547 8,854 Total net assets 26,990 27,689 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS 35,732 35,420 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Statement of Activities for the year ended 31 December 2002 US$ ’000 US$ ’000 US$ ’000 US$ ’000 Unrestricted Temporarily TOTAL TOTAL restricted 2002 2001 REVENUE, GAINS AND OTHER SUPPORT Grants - gross 12,419 14,153 26,572 25,447 Overhead costs recovery – (1,167) (1,167) (692) Other revenue and support 1,578 – 1,578 1,593 Total revenue, gains and other support 13,997 12,986 26,983 26,348 EXPENSES AND LOSSES Programme-related expenses 9,264 12,756 22,020 22,058 Management and general expenses 6,560 230 6,790 6,980 Other expenses and losses 39 – 39 62 Indirect cost recovery (1,167) – (1,167) (692) Total expenses and losses 14,696 12,986 27,682 28,408 DECREASE IN NET ASSETS (699) – (699) (2,060) NET ASSETS AT BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 27,689 – 27,689 29,749 NET ASSETS AT END OF THE YEAR 26,990 – 26,990 27,689 47 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Investors as at 31 December 2002 US $ '000* US $ '000* US $ '000* Unrestricted Restricted Total GOVERNMENTS Australia 212 214 426 Belgium 153 328 481 Canada 702 – 702 China 80 – 80 Denmark 663 201 864 Ethiopia – 23 23 European Union – 2,060 2,060 Finland 331 82 413 France – 1,032 1,032 Germany 238 517 755 India 37 – 37 Ireland 655 – 655 Italy 395 125 520 Japan 334 290 624 Kenya – 98 98 Korea 30 28 58 Luxembourg – 34 34 Netherlands 238 118 356 Norway 1,200 19 1,219 South Africa – 50 50 Spain – 64 64 Sweden 775 29 804 Switzerland 765 355 1,120 United Kingdom – 3,913 3,913 United States of America 2,950 210 3,160 Sub-total governments 9,758 9,790 19,548 48 AGENCIES AND ORGANISATIONS Asian Development Bank – 334 334 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) – 94 94 Global Environment Facility (GEF) – 364 364 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) – 73 73 International Development Research Centre (IDRC) – 407 407 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) – 738 738 Leverhulme Trust – 45 45 Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO) – 6 6 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) – 27 27 Rockefeller Foundation – 323 323 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – 98 98 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – 2 2 United States National Science Foundation (NSF) – 2 2 World Bank 2,661 40 2,701 World Health Organization (WHO) – 2 2 Others – – – Sub-total agencies and organisations 2,661 2,555 5,216 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Investors (continued) as at 31 December 2002 US $ '000* US $ '000* US $ '000* Unrestricted Restricted Total CGIAR INTERCENTRE INITIATIVES CIP – 8 8 IPGRI – 36 36 ICRAF – 3 3 IFPRI – 124 124 ICRISAT – 19 19 IITA – 20 20 Sub-total CGIAR intercentre – 210 210 NON-CGIAR ORGANISATIONS CONTRACTING ILRI Academy for Educational Development (AED) – 12 12 African Union/Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU/IBAR) – 232 232 Agip – 291 291 CARE – 3 3 Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) – 98 98 Cornell University Fund – 2 2 Gatsby Charitable Foundation – 3 3 Global Livestock–Collaborative Research Support Programme (GL-CRSP): Colorado State University – 66 66 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology–Africa (IMCB-A) – 7 7 International Agricultural Research Centres/NARS Training Group (INTG) – 20 20 International Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) – 4 4 Michigan State University – 0 0 Nagoya University – 11 11 Oromiya Agriculture Development Bureau (OADB) – 17 17 Princeton University – 1 1 Sasakawa-Global 2000 (SG 2000) – 10 10 Texas A&M University – 223 223 49 University of Glasgow – 8 8 University of Nebraska – 23 23 University of Nottingham – 241 241 University of Warwick – 8 8 Utah State University – 245 245 Wellcome Trust – 37 37 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) – 2 2 Others – 34 34 Sub-total non-CGIAR organisations – 1,598 1,598 TOTAL 12,419 14,153 26,572 * All figures rounded to the nearest thousand. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Active grants DONOR/PROJECT NAME SCIENTIST Academy for Educational Development Start capacity elaboration workshop Mohammed El-Habib Ibrahim African Union/Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources Promoting sustainable delivery of trypanosomosis control technologies in East Africa under the Farming in Tsetse-Controlled Areas of Africa (FITCA) project John McDermott Environment monitoring and management component Robin Reid Training workshops on GIS databases Robin Reid Agip Integration of small ruminants into smallholder farming systems of oil-producing areas of south-eastern Nigeria Tim Williams Asian Development Bank Increasing productivity of crop-livestock systems in Asia Doug Gray LAO livestock sector review Doug Gray Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Sustainable endoparasite control for small ruminants in South-East Asia Leyden Baker/Doug Gray Managing the rumen ecosystem to improve utilisation of thornless acacias Agnes Odenyo South-to-South workshop (National Dairy Development Board of India) William Thorpe Trade liberalisation workshop Simeon Ehui Knowledge system for selection of forages for farming systems in the tropics Jean Hanson Belgium Control of vector-borne diseases in livestock through development of improved vaccines and diagnostic tools Phelix Majiwa 50 Secondment costs Jan Naessens Bhutan Bhutanese sheep genotyping Olivier Hanotte Collective Action and Property Rights Systemwide Program of the CGIAR Integrated resource management Simeon Ehui Enhancing the role of community actions in disease control and natural resource management John McDermott Common Fund for Commodities Markets and regional trade in livestock in West Africa Tim Williams Essential action to meet quality requirement of hides, skins and semi-processed leather for Africa Simeon Ehui Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) Ethiopia Econometric analysis of a dataset Simeon Ehui Cornell University Fund Conservation food and health foundation project Graeme McCrabb ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK DONOR/PROJECT NAME SCIENTIST Denmark Efficiency of production under intensification of smallholder dairy in Uganda Dannie Romney/Steve Staal Intensification of integrated crop-livestock systems in dry savannahs of West Africa Shirley Tarawali Department for International Development of the United Kingdom Genetic enhancement of feed quality and quantity of sorghum and millet Michael Blümmel/ Salvador Fernández-Rivera Market mechanisms and public health risks in developing peri-urban markets Steve Staal Research and development support to the smallholder dairy sector Steve Staal Development of seasonal nutritional and resource management strategies for smallholder dairy systems Simeon Ehui/Steve Staal The impacts of disease in maize production in smallholder dairy farms and use of maize as food and fodder Steve Staal Talking pictures: Livestock feed decision-support systems Steve Staal Manure management — collection, storage and composting strategies to enhance organic fertiliser quality Steve Staal Mapping poverty and livestock in the developing world Philip Thornton Planning workshops on approaches to improve the utilisation of crop residues as livestock feed Salvador Fernández-Rivera/Jean Hanson Development of Farmer Field School methodology for smallholder dairy Bruno Minjauw East Coast fever vaccine development Evans Taracha Epidemiological and economic evaluation of cross-border disease control in southern Africa (foot-and-mouth disease) Brian Perry Animal health research for poverty alleviation Brian Perry Pastoral studies Patti Kristjanson Integrated resource management in crop-livestock systems of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa Mario Herrero/Philip Thornton Decision-support for risk management strategies of tick-borne diseases within sustainable pastoral systems John McDermott Design of vaccination programme Brian Perry Demand- and supply-side changes in the livestock sector Steve Staal Enhancing livelihoods of poor livestock keepers through increasing use of fodder Jean Hanson 51 Ethiopia Farming in Tsetse-Controlled Areas of Africa (FITCA) — Ethiopia training Yilma Jobre Graduate fellow support Tesfaye Alemu European Union Programme concerte de recherche developpment sur l'elevage en Africa de L'Ouest JB Mulumba Kamuanga Finland Support for associate expert in geographical information systems Juho-Ville Vuorio Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO geographical information systems databases Philip Thornton Farm power and implements for sustainable livelihoods — workshops Mohammed El-Habib Ibrahim Food safety Steve Staal Identifying barriers to entry to livestock input and output markets in South-East Asia Simeon Ehui Livelihoods mapping — Kenya Patti Kristjanson/Philip Thornton Policies for sustainable land management in the East African highlands Simeon Ehui ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK DONOR/PROJECT NAME SCIENTIST France Congopain studies Tony Musoke Research on Paludism and other associated transmissible diseases in developing countries Fuad Iraqi Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia — Pan-African Campaign against Epizootics (PACE) research programme Tony Musoke Germany Development and application of genetic markers to bovine type genes John Gibson/Olivier Hanotte Support for postdoctoral fellowship Gerold Kierstein Improving the management of trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa John McDermott/Tom Randolph Transregional analysis Steve Staal Global Environment Facility Land use change analysis as an approach for investigating biodiversity loss and land degradation Joseph Maitima In-situ conservation of endemic ruminant livestock Ed Rege Global Livestock–Collaborative Research Support Program: Colorado State University Integrated modelling and assessment of balancing food security conservation and ecosystem integrity Robin Reid/Philip Thornton Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology—Africa Malaria pathogenesis Fuad Iraqi International Atomic Energy Agency Environmental impact assessment of tsetse fly control using the sterile insect technique in the southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia John McDermott International Centre for Research in Agroforestry Gender and diversity systemwide program of the CGIAR Susan Dewey International Development Research Centre Epidemiology and disease control — sleeping sickness in Uganda John McDermott Improving crop-livestock productivity through efficient nutrient management 52 in mixed farming systems of semi-arid West Africa Tim Williams Enhanced human well-being through livestock and natural resource management in the East African highlands Don Peden Integrated water and land management Don Peden International Food Policy Research Institute Interaction of policy and scale Simeon Ehui East Africa agricultural research impact assessment Dekha Sheikh Ethiopian dairy experience case study Simeon Ehui Poverty and livestock mapping workshop Patti Kristjanson Uganda dairy analysis Steve Staal International Fund for Agricultural Development Integrated approach to the control of gastro-intestinal parasites in small ruminants in South and South-East Asia Leyden Baker/Doug Gray Impact of immunisation with an improved sub-unit vaccine against East Coast fever on the smallholder dairy sector in the Central Province of Kenya Tom Randolph Improving crop-livestock productivity through efficient nutrient management in mixed farming systems of semi-arid West Africa Tim Williams ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK DONOR/PROJECT NAME SCIENTIST Integrated approach to assessing trypanosomosis control technologies and impacts, agricultural production, human welfare and natural resources in tsetse-infested areas of Africa Tom Randolph/Robin Reid Addressing key constraints to the sustainable delivery and adoption of immunisation against East Coast fever for poor livestock keepers in East Africa John McDermott Enhancing the diffusion of new tsetse-control technologies for improved livestock health and productivity in smallholder indigenous communities of sub-Saharan Africa Tom Randolph International Plant Genetic Resources Institute IPGRI/ILRI joint appointment Jean Hanson Italy Sustainability of smallholder dairy systems in Ethiopia Simeon Ehui/Don Peden Japan Trypansoma evansi infection Honda Yoshikazu Kenya EU / KARI projects backstopping and services Olivier Hanotte/Jean Hanson/Ed Rege KARI / ILRI workplan for PhD training support/attachment John McDermott/Tom Randolph/ Robin Reid University of Nairobi — Agricultural Research Fund Tony Musoke Korea Visiting scientists Salvador Fernández-Rivera/ Olivier Hanotte/Phelix Majiwa Leverhulme Trust Isolation of genes encoding secretory pathway proteins of tick salivary glands Richard Bishop/Bronwen Lambson Michigan State University Climate and land use workshop for East Africa Philip Thornton Nagoya University Trial of the efficacy of Ascofuranone in the treatment of trypanosomosis in goats Phelix Majiwa Netherlands Systems prototyping and impact assessment for sustainable alternatives 53 in mixed farming systems in high-potential areas of East Africa Philip Thornton Policies for sustainable land management in the East African highlands — Phase II (ILRI–IFPRI) Simeon Ehui Mapping of genetic trait loci in Red Maasai sheep Leyden Baker Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (Stichting voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek van de Tropen, WOTRO) Breeding objectives and strategies for small ruminants in the tropics Leyden Baker Norway Policies for sustainable land management in mixed crop-livestock systems in the highlands of East Africa Simeon Ehui Chicken genetic resources Ed Rege Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Fund for International Development Sustainable development of smallholder dairy systems in the tropics through increased feed supply Salvador Fernández-Rivera Oromiya Agricultural Development Bureau Characterisation of indigenous ruminant livestock populations in the Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia Ed Rege ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK DONOR/PROJECT NAME SCIENTIST Princeton University Collaborative research Robin Reid Rockefeller Foundation Intellectual property management unit Rose Ndegwa Spatial database on poverty for East Africa (poverty mapping) Philip Thornton International conference on sustainable crop-livestock production systems in sub-Saharan Africa Tim Williams Internet-based databases Philip Thornton Sasakawa-Global 2000 Evaluation of quality protein maize plants as feed for ruminant livestock Salvador Fernández-Rivera Sweden Anthelmintic properties of ethnoveterinary preparations used by smallholder farmers to treat internal parasites of their livestock Leyden Baker Switzerland Associate experts in the Smallholder Dairy Project Steve Staal/Christa Utiger Associate expert — agricultural economist, West Africa Ben Sprycher/Tim Williams United States Agency for International Development Pastoral study Jean Ndikumana Improving livelihoods of smallholders through peri-urban dairy production in West Africa Tim Williams Livestock mitigation crisis Jean Ndikumana United States Department of Agriculture Collaborative linkages for animal health services Subhash Morzaria Microbial genomics research Subhash Morzaria Development of diagnostic tests Subhash Morzaria Improving rural livelihoods in North Africa and West Asia through strengthened teaching and research on sheep and goat production Mohammed El-Habib Ibrahim United States Environmental Protection Agency 54 Managing greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant livestock systems in the developing world Graeme McCrabb United States National Science Foundation Strengthening Africa-United States linkages for conservation biology Robin Reid University of Nairobi Evaluation of plant extracts for activity against Theileria parva, the causative organism of East Coast fever in cattle Tony Musoke University of Nottingham Mapping genes for resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes Leyden Baker University of Warwick East Coast fever field studies in Tanzania Tom Randolph Wellcome Trust Approaches to functional genomics of host tolerance and host-pathogen interactions in vector-borne parasitic diseases of cattle John Gibson World Bank Eastern and southern Africa regional consultation workshops Simeon Ehui ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Training Prestigious award for ILRI graduate fellow Former ILRI graduate fellow Abdul Kamara’s dissertation on ‘Property rights, risk and livestock development in southern Ethiopia’ won the 2002 prestigious Joseph G. Knoll Science Award in Germany. This award is given for the best PhD dissertations working towards nutritional security in developing countries. The award ceremony was held during the biannual meeting of the Council for Tropical and Sub-Tropical Agricultural Research, in Witzenhausen, Germany. The dissertation was conducted as part of a Abdul Kamara with members of the jury collaborative project of ILRI and the International Food Policy Research Institute; Abdul’s supervisors were Michael Kirk at the University of Goettingen and Nancy McCarthy at ILRI. For more information, please visit http://www.eiselen-stiftung.de/knoll/kamara.html 55 Other degrees Awarded Leah Ndungu, PhD August 2002 Thesis title: Assessing animal health delivery for tick and tick-borne control in smallholder dairy systems of Kenya: An application of new institutional economics Isaac Ngugi, MSc April 2002 Thesis title: Potential demand estimation of East Coast fever vaccines in Makuyu Division, Kenya: An application of contingent valuation and conjoint analysis ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Graduate fellows PhD NAME REGISTERED WITH SUPERVISOR SUPPORT UNIVERSITY Bebe, Bockline Omedo Wageningen, William Thorpe WOTRO Netherlands Herd dynamics on smallholder farms in the Kenya highlands Berrang, Lea Guelph, Canada John McDermott University of Guelph Sleeping sickness occurrence over time and space in Uganda Bett, Bernard Nairobi, Kenya John McDermott IFAD Analysis of the impact of tsetse repellents on the epidemiology of cattle trypanosomosis and its adaptation for the control of the disease in Kenya Cruz, Mariana Edinburgh, Britain Mario Herrero SLP The role of artificial intelligence techniques in natural resource management Githiori, John Upsalla, Sweden Lyden Baker SIDA Anthelmintic properties of enthnoveterinary preparations used by smallholder farmers to treat internal livestock parasites Irungu, Patrick Nairobi, Kenya John McDermott/Tom Randolph Economic analysis of potential adoption of repellent-based tsetse-control among Kenyan transhumant communities Joaquin, Nelson Edinburgh, Britain Mario Herrero DFID Modelling management strategies for cut-and-carry forages in smallholder dairy systems Kamau, Lucy Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya John McDermott/ DAAD Tony Musoke Isolation and characterisation of genes encoding candidate antigens from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Kosgey, Isaac Wageningen, Leyden Baker WOTRO 56 Netherlands Breeding objectives and strategies for small ruminants in the tropics Lukuyu, Bernard Reading, Britain Dannie Romney DFID Strategies for feeding smallholder dairy cattle forage and implications for integrated pest management Machila-Eisler, Noreen Edinburgh, Britain John McDermott DFID Tools to improve targeting of drugs for African bovine trypanosomosis Magona, Joseph Glasgow, Britain John McDermott DFID Decision-support tools for the diagnosis of bovine diseases in sub-Saharan Africa Makokha, Stella Nairobi, Kenya Steve Staal SDP Household and spatial analysis of factors limiting dairy development in western Kenya McOdimba, Francis Edinburgh, Britain Phelix Majiwa University of Edinburgh Characterisation of field isolates of Trypanosoma brucei Menge, David Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Fuad Iraqi Wellcome Trust Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes in a mouse model ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK PhD NAME REGISTERED WITH SUPERVISOR SUPPORT UNIVERSITY Mubiru, Sarah Makerere, Uganda Dannie Romney NARO Nutrient management and efficiency of production under intensification of smallholder dairying in Uganda Mugasi, Sam Makerere, Uganda John McDermott NARO Community actions in disease control and natural resource management: Economic issues Muigai, Anne Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Olivier Hanotte DFID Genetic diversity of sheep populations in sub-Saharan Africa Musembi, Susan Edinburgh, Britain Evans Taracha DFID The role of interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha perforin and granzymes A and B as effector mechanisms in bovine Theileria parva-specific class-I MHC-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses Musoke, Winnie Makerere, Uganda John McDermott IDRC Community assessment of sleeping sickness in Uganda Nanyeenya, William Makerere, Uganda Dannie Romney/Steve Staal DANIDA Efficiency in production under intensification of smallholder dairying in Uganda Ng’ang’a, Joseph Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Fuad Iraqi Wellcome Trust Positional cloning of trypanosomosis resistance QTRL, Tir1, 2 & 3, in the mouse Odiit, Martin Edinburgh, Britain John McDermott DFID Rhodesienses sleeping sickness in Uganda: Risk factors and impact of potential control and treatment options Odongo, David Brunel, Belgium Richard Bishop IFAD Impact of East Coast fever immunisation with an improved sub-unit vaccine for smallholders in East Africa Otuoma, John Nairobi, Kenya Mrigesh Kshatriya/ GL-CRSP Robin Reid Effects of wildlife/livestock/human interactions on habitat in the Meru National Park and Bisanadi National Reserve, Kenya 57 Pinho, Joana Colorado State, USA Philip Thornton Colorado State University Land-use change and wildlife conservation in Kajiado District, Kenya, as part of an Integrated Modelling Assessment Programme in East Africa Sakwa, Patrick Pretoria, South Africa Tom Randolph Danida Designing strategies for integrated control of ticks and tick-borne diseases at the farm level: An ex ante assessment of the impact of an integrated control programme in mixed crop-livestock farming systems in Uganda Salasya, Beatrice Wageningen, Philip Thornton Wageningen Netherlands System prototyping and impact assessment for sustainable alternatives in mixed farming systems in high-potential areas of eastern Africa Shah, Trushar London, Britain Richard Bishop DFID Theileria parva vaccine design—A bioinformatics approach Smucker, Tom Michigan, USA Robin Reid Fulbright Institute of International Education and NSF Land reform & agricultural intensification in semi-arid Meru: Integrated Modelling Assessment Programme in East Africa ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK PhD NAME REGISTERED WITH SUPERVISOR SUPPORT UNIVERSITY Tesfaye Alemu Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Olivier Hanotte EARO Genetic diversity and relationships of Ethiopian goat populations Thuranira, Christine Edinburgh, Britain John McDermott DFID Socio-economic factors influencing productivity and uptake of veterinary services in mixed crop-livestock farming systems in tsetse-infested areas of Kenya Utiger, Christa ETH, Zurich, Switzerland Dannie Romney SDC Nutrient cycling and nutrient balance analyses in intensive and semi-intensive tropical maize-dairy production systems Wangeci, Rosemary Limburgs, Belgium John Rowlands Survival models with frailty in animal breeding research Worden, Jeff Colorado State, USA Robin Reid Colorado State University Maasai settlement, landscape mosaics and the spatial patterning of vegetation and wildlife in East African savannahs Xuebin, Qi Lanzhou, China Ed Rege Assessment of the genetic diversity in the wild and domestic yak population of Asia using micro-satellite DNA markers MSc Annitta, Tipilda Ben Gurion, Israel Patti Kristjanson Land-use change and wildlife conservation in Kajiado District, Kenya, as part of an Integrated Modelling Assessment Programme in East Africa Bateta, Rosemary Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Duncan Mwangi DFID Development of readout assay systems for Theileria-parva-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation: Cytokine and Perforin/Granzyme B ELISA 58 Jirmo, Adan Nairobi, Kenya Simon Graham DFID Evaluation of bovine dendritic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to Theileria parva Kinyanjui, Catherine Egerton, Kenya Mario Herrero/ ISNAR Michael Waithaka Economic analysis of suitable land use alternatives in Vihiga and Kilifi Kuyiah, Joan Egerton, Kenya Mario Herrero/ ISNAR Michael Waithaka Comparative household modelling of smallholder systems in Vihiga and Kilifi Otieno, David Nairobi, Kenya Adam Drucker/Ed Rege Japan Contingent valuation of livelihood functions and socio-cultural values of cattle on smallholder farms in Kenya: A case study Ouma, Emily Egerton, Kenya Steve Staal DFID Economic analysis of benefits of cattle in livelihood production systems in Kenya: Case of smallholder dairy Sinja, Judith Nairobi, Kenya Dannie Romney DFID Participatory evaluation of the uptake of improved fodder plant technologies by smallholder dairy farmers: Case study of calliandra and desmodium in Embu, Kenya ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Senior programme and support staff Directors Getachew Engida director of finance Don Peden acting resident director of ILRI-Ethiopia Bruce Scott director of corporate services and secretary to the Board Carlos Seré director general * David W. Taylor science advisor to the director general Ralph von Kaufmann director of external relations William Thorpe animal scientist and William Thorpe and Carlos Seré interim research manager At the end of 2002, the following seven programmes were dismantled and the work reorganised into five new themes appearing in the main staff list below. 1 Systems Analysis and Impact Assessment, Philip Thornton (Kenya), 59 coordinator, January–July, Patti Kristjanson (Kenya), acting coordinator, August–December. 2 Livestock Feeds and Nutrition, Salvador Fernández-Rivera (Ethiopia), coordinator. 3 Livestock Health, Subhash Morzaria (Kenya), coordinator. 4 Livestock Genetics and Genomics, John Gibson (Kenya), coordinator. 5 Livestock Policy Analysis, Simeon Ehui (Ethiopia), coordinator. 6 People, Livestock and the Environment, Robin Reid (Kenya), coordinator. 7 Strengthening Partnerships for Livestock Research, Michael Smalley (Ethiopia), coordinator, January–June, Mohammed El- Habib Ibrahim (Ethiopia), acting coordinator, July–December. ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Research Theme1: Targeting opportunities Henry Kiara research officer KENYA Raphael Marambii information officer Fredrick Atieno research technician John McDermott veterinary epidemiologist, interim theme director Isabelle Baltenweck postdoctoral agricultural economist Bruno Minjauw animal scientist Gro Bjornstad geneticist 1 Brian Perry epidemiologist Daniel Bourzat agronomist ~ 1 Tom Randolph agricultural economist Mario Herrero systems analyst Kamau Kimani research technician NIGER Jennifer Kinoti remote sensing analyst * Pierre Hiernaux ecologist ~ Patricia Kristjanson agricultural economist Russell Kruska geographic information systems specialist CHINA Mrigesh Kshatriya ecosystem modeller * Joseph Maitima Xianglin Li agro-ecologist, China liaison scientist ecologist Joseph Matere research technician Andrew Muchiru MALAYSIA research technician Evanson Njuguna research technician * Canagasaby Devendra animal nutritionist ~ Meshack Nyabenge research technician Andrew Odero research technician PHILIPPINES Joseph Ogutu research officer * Douglas Gray animal scientist, Asia regional coordinator Jennifer Olson geographer Greg Hood epidemiologist * Tom Ouna research technician 60 Danilo Pezo animal nutritionist Maren Radeny research technician Somkiat Saithanoo animal scientist * Robin Reid landscape ecologist Tim Robinson decision-support modeller ~ Theme 3: Market opportunities Suzanne Serneels remote sensing specialist * KENYA Dekha Sheikh postdoctoral agricultural economist * Tineke de Wolff geographer ~ 4 Philip Thornton systems analyst David Hall agricultural economist Bernard Toutain ecologist * 1 Nick Hooton veterinary scientist * 8 Juho-Ville Vuorio geographer 7 Michael Waithaka Liston Njoroge research technician research officer David Njubi senior computer programmer Theme 2: Enabling innovations Amos Omore research officer KENYA Dannie Romney ruminant nutritionist Roger Kamidi data analyst Steve Staal agricultural economist ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK ETHIOPIA Richard Bishop molecular parasitologist Abebe Mesgina senior research assistant Alain Boulangé immunologist 1 Mohammed Ahmed agricultural economist Francis Chuma research technician Samuel Benin agricultural economist Etienne de Villiers postdoctoral bio-informatician * Pascal Bonnet agricultural economist 2 Guy d'Ieteren animal scientist ~ Berhanu Gebremedhin postdoctoral agricultural economist James Gachanja research technician Muluhiwot Getachew agricultural economist Henrie Gathuo research technician Simeon Ehui agricultural economist John Gibson geneticist Elias Mulugeta senior research assistant Lucy Gichuru research technician Mathieu Lesnoff biometrician ~ 1 Jane Glew postdoctoral immunologist * Muluhiwot Getachew assistant to the programme coordinator Simon Graham postdoctoral immunologist Alejandro Nin Pratt agricultural economist * Olivier Hanotte molecular biologist Solomon Tesfay research technologist * ~ Yoshikazu Honda molecular immunologist Zelekawork Paulos research technologist * Christian Ikeobi post doctoral animal breeder/geneticist ~ Fuad Iraqi molecular geneticist BURKINA FASO Han Jianlin postdoctoral geneticist J.B. Mulumba John Kabata research technician ~ Kamuanga agricultural economist Robert Kaitho research officer Joseph Katende protozoologist diagnostician ~ NIGERIA David Kennedy veterinarian ~ Asamoah Larbi forage agronomist Benjamin Kiawa research technician John Niezen ruminant nutritionist Gerold Kierstein postdoctoral animal geneticist 5 Timothy Williams agricultural economist, interim theme director Sonja Kierstein animal geneticist * 9 David Kihurani 61 veterinarian PHILIPPINES John Kimunguyi flow cytometer operator * Lucila Lapar agricultural economist Luka Juma Kiundi research technician Bronwen Lambson molecular biologist 6 COLOMBIA Thierry Lefrançois biologist 1 Federico Holmann agricultural economist Marjan Leneman epidemiologist/social economist ~ 4 Clement Lugonzo research technician Anthony Luyai research technician ~ Theme 4: Biotechnology Mary Maina research technician KENYA Phelix Majiwa molecular biologist Edith Authié cellular immunologist 1 Jackson Makau research technician Elias Awino research technician David Mburu research officer Leyden Baker quantitative geneticist, interim theme director John Mburu research technician ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Ferdinand Mbwika research technician ETHIOPIA Subhash Morzaria molecular parasitologist Adam Drucker environmental economist Fredrick Mucheru research technician ~ Gemechu Degefa research technologist John Mugambi helminthologist Edward Rege animal geneticist Cecilia Muriuki research technician Anette Van Dorland animal scientist ~ 4 Tony Musoke immunologist Workneh Ayalew research officer David Muteti research technician Woudyalew Mulatu project manager Anthony Muthiani research technician Yaregal Tadesse research technologist Joel Mwakaya research technician Duncan Mwangi cellular immunologist Theme 5: People, livestock and the environment Stephen Mwaura research technician ETHIOPIA Jan Naessens immunologist Abate Tedla forage seed production officer David Ndegwa research technician Abebe Tessema research assistant Daniel Ngugi research technician ~ Abiye Astatke agricultural engineer Reeves Njamunggeh research technician Asfaw Yemegnuhal senior research technician Timothy Njoroge research technician Askale Worku senior programme assistant * Catherine Nkonge immunologist ~ Azage Tegegne Debre Zeit station manager Joseph Nthale research technician Dan Brown nutritionist 3 John Nyanjui research technician Dawit Negassa senior laboratory technician Joseph Odhiambo research technician ~ Salvador Ignatius Okumu research technician ~ Fernández-Rivera animal scientist, interim theme director Julius Osaso research technician and acting coordinator of the CGIAR Systemwide Livestock Programme Pratibala Pandit research technician ~ 62 Girma Gebremariam research assistant Roger Pellé molecular biologist Girma Tadesse research officer Rosemary Saya research technician Girmaye Tamiru laboratory technician Robert Skilton molecular parasitologist Jean Hanson plant geneticist Evans Taracha immunologist Mohammed Jabbar agricultural economist John Tonukari postdoctoral biochemist * Graeme McCrabb ruminant nutritionist John Wambugu research technician Nigussu Ababu maintenance supervisor Stephen Wanyonyi research technician ~ Agnes Odenyo rumen nutritionist Delia Wasawo research technician Tena Reta senior group leader, security in Debre Zeit John Wasilwa research technician Wagnew Ayalneh senior research assistant Matasuke Yamage postdoctoral molecular parasitologist * ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK KENYA Zerihun Tadesse applied biometrician Ramni Jamnadass molecular biologist NIGERIA Administration Shirley Tarawali agronomist KENYA Idris Abdullahi accounting officer INDIA Joan Abila administrative officer Michael Blümmel ruminant nutritionist Veyrl Adell administrative officer for training Joseph Alaro treasury accountant PERU William Anyika head of engineering Carlos León-Velarde animal production systems specialist ~ Susan Dewey human resources manager Katie Downie-Ngini special assistant to the director general Christopher Hinson head of administration Research Support Grace Kamau librarian KENYA Charles Kinyanjui food and beverage controller Bob King head of experimental animal units Sylvester Kisonzo information technology services site Sahr Lebbie coordinator of the SADC Animal manager Agriculture Research Network (S-AARNET) ~ Tumuluru Kumar budget and project administration officer Helen Leitch manager of funding support systems Eunice Lenkoina liaison and protocol officer Susan MacMillan head of public awareness James Magondu head of fluorescence-activated cell sorter services Sonal Nagda statistical computer programmer Faith Matee purchasing officer Jean Ndikumana coordinator of the ASARECA Animal Agriculture Research Network Simon Mbugua human resources officer (A-AARNET) Ian Moore head of information technology services John Rowlands biometrician ~ 63 Maria Mulindi administrative assistant to the director Paul Spooner tissue culturist general Rose Ndegwa intellectual property officer ETHIOPIA John Ngatti stores superintendent Mamadou Diedhiou biometrician George Ogoti network administrator Mohammed Eric Ouma graphic arts specialist El-Habib Ibrahim training materials specialist Janepher Owino housing officer Elizabeth Getachew assistant to the coordinator of Sam Sawe transport officer Strengthening Partnerships for Livestock Research Programme until December Veronica Waiyaki human resources officer Anne Nyamu science writer/editor ~ Peter Werehire webmaster Michael Smalley coordinator of Strengthening Partnerships for Livestock Research Programme until December ~ Tesfaye Admassie systems specialist ~ ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK ETHIOPIA Notes: Names in this list appear in alphabetical order according to family names. Non-Ethiopian names are listed first name Abraham Bekele head of computer services followed by family name. Ethiopian names are conventionally listed family name before first name. Therefore, when Ethiopian Ameha Berhanu maintenance engineer and non-Ethiopian names appear in the same sections, the Anteneh Getachew purchasing supervisor names will appear to be out of alphabetical order. Antonio Silla internal auditor * Joined ILRI in 2002. Aynalem Tesfahun computer programmer ~ Left ILRI in 2002. Azeb Abraham librarian 1 Seconded by CIRAD-EMVT (Centre de Coopération internationale en recherché agronomique pour dévéloppement– Bekelu Shiferaw accounting officer elevage et médecine vétérinaire de pays tropicaux), France. Beyene Ambaye senior laboratory technician 2 Seconded through the Government of Norway. Birru Dori webmaster 3 Seconded by Cornell University, USA. Daniel Berhanu website developer * 4 Seconded under the Associate Professional Officers scheme through the Government of the Netherlands. Normand Demers head of information services 5 Seconded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Eshetu Woldekidan financial systems support and Development (BMZ), Germany. Richard Fulss information management specialist * 10 6 Seconded by the University of Edinburgh, UK. Gebreselassie Mulatu chief electrician 7 Seconded through the Government of Finland. Getachew Bulfeta database manager 8 Seconded through the Department for International Kebede Alemu security officer Development (DFID), UK. Kebede Seyoum LAN administrator 9 Seconded by the German Research Society (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), Germany. Likyelesh Feke supervisor of communications 10 Seconded through the Centrum für Internationale Migration Mamo Hundie senior group leader, security und Entwicklung (CIM), Germany. Mekonnen Ajebe chief mechanic 11 Seconded by Michigan State University. Million Gebre Ab housing and catering officer Molla Hunegnaw information management specialist 64 Mulatu Gemechu stores supervisor Negussie Abraham chief accountant Shimellis Assegahegne accounting officer Aguibou Tall head of administration Tekle Sicore chief cook/food production supervisor * Tibebe Gebre Amlak national liaison officer Tilahun Tadesse chief human resources officer Worku Adera chief electronics technician Yilma Jobre training programme officer Zelalem Meaza senior human resources assistant ~ ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Board of Trustees Dr John Vercoe Chair Dr Agnes Casiple Rola Retired Professor and Director Chair of the Committee of Board Chairs Institute of Strategic Planning and Policy Studies of the Consultative Group on International College of Public Affairs Agricultural Research Philippines Australia Dr Teruhide Fujita Dr Ana Sittenfeld Vice Chair Executive Director Associate Professor and Director Japan Livestock Technology Association Department of Microbial Ecology Japan Center for Research in Cell and Molecular Biology University of Costa Rica Prof Wilfred Mwangi Costa Rica Permanent Secretary Ministry of Energy Dr Nthoana Tau-Mzamane Kenya President and Chief Executive Officer Agriculture Research Council Prof Paul-Pierre Pastoret South Africa Director Institute for Animal Health Dr Carlos Seré Compton Laboratory Director General UK International Livestock Research Institute Kenya Ato Belay Ejigu Vice Minister Dr Margaret Gill Ministry of Agriculture Director Ethiopia 65 Macaulay Land Use Research Institute UK Ms Jo Luck Chief Executive Officer Prof Jan Philipsson Heifer International Chair USA Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Agricultural Sciences Sweden ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Contacts ILRI Kenya ILRI Nigeria Via UK: ILRI-Kenya@cgiar.org c/o L.W. Lambourn and Co. P.O. Box 30709 Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road Nairobi 00100, Kenya Croydon, Surrey, CR9 3EE, UK Tel + 254–20 630 743 Tel + 44–208 686 9031 + 1–650 833 6660 (USA direct) Fax + 44–208 681 8583 Fax + 254–20 631 499 + 1–650 833 6661 (USA direct) ILRI China Telex 22040 ILRI/Nairobi/Kenya x.li@cgiar.org ILRI-Beijing Office ILRI Ethiopia c/o CAAS ILRI-Ethiopia@cgiar.org 12 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Avenue P.O. Box 5689 Beijing 100081, China Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel + 86–10 6211 4583 Tel + 251–1 463 215 Fax + 86–10 6211 4585 + 1–650 833 6696 (USA direct) Fax + 251–1 461 252 ILRI India + 1–650 833 6697 (USA direct) m.blummel@cgiar.org c/o ICRISAT Patancheru ILRI Ethiopia Debre Zeit Research Station Patancheru 502 324 ILRI-debre-zeit@cgiar.org Andhra Pradesh, India P.O. Box 5689 Tel + 91–40 2329 6161 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Fax + 91–40 2241 239 Tel + 251–1 338 290 Fax + 251–1 338 755 ILRI South-East Asia PABX + 251–1 339 566 ILRI-Philippines@cgiar.org DAPO Box 7777 ILRI Burkina Faso Metro Manila, The Philippines m.kamuanga@cgiar.org Courier address: c/o CIRDES Suite 1009, 6776 Ayala Avenue 01 B.P. 454 1271 Makati City, The Philippines Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso Tel + 63–2 845 0563, 762 0127 66 Tel + 226–972 787 Fax + 63–2 845 0606 Fax + 226–972 546 ILRI Colombia ILRI Niger f.holmann@cgiar.org ILRI-Niamey@cgiar.org c/o CIAT c/o ICRISAT Sahelian Center P.O. Box 6713 B.P. 12404 Cali, Colombia Niamey, Niger Tel + 57–2 445 0000 Tel + 227–722 529, 722 725, 722 626 Fax + 57–2 445 0073 Fax + 227–752 208, 734 329 ILRI Peru ILRI Nigeria c.leon-velarde@cgiar.org t.o.williams@cgiar.org c/o CIP c/o IITA Apartado 1558 La Molina PMB 5320 Lima 12, Peru Ibadan, Nigeria Tel + 51–1 349 6017 Tel + 234–2 241 2626 Fax + 51–1 349 56 Fax + 234–2 241 2221, 241 2974 Email addresses of individuals follow in general the format , e.g. a.smith@cgiar.org ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK About ILRI and the CGIAR The International Livestock Research Institute Centres are funded by government agencies, (ILRI) works at the crossroads of livestock and development banks, private foundations and poverty, bringing high-quality science and regional and international organisations and capacity-building to bear on poverty reduc- are supported by the Consultative Group on tion and sustainable development for poor International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). livestock keepers and their communities. The CGIAR (www.cgiar.org) is an association ILRI works in partnerships and alliances with of public- and private-sector institutions. Its other organisations, national and inter- mission is to contribute to food security and national, in livestock research, training and poverty eradication in developing countries information. ILRI works in all tropical through research, partnership, capacity developing regions of Africa, Asia and Latin building and policy support. The co-sponsors America and the Caribbean of the CGIAR are the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, the Food ILRI is one of16 Future Harvest Centres and Agriculture Organization of the United (www.futureharvest.org), which conduct food Nations and the International Fund for and environmental research to help alleviate Agricultural Development. poverty and increase food security while protecting the natural resource base. The 67 ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK Acronyms ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute Research in Eastern and Southern Africa IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural Research CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa (International Potato Center) KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst MoALD Kenya Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (German Academic Exchange Service) Development Danida Danish International Development Agency NARO National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda DFID Department for International Development, UK NARS national agricultural research system(s) EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research NSF National Science Foundation, USA Organization QTL quantitative trait loci ETH Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule R&D research and development (Federal Institute of Technology), Switzerland SADC Southern Africa Development Community EU European Union SDP Smallholder Dairy Project, Kenya FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency GIS geographic information system(s) SLP Systemwide Livestock Programme GL-CRSP Global Livestock–Collaborative Research of the CGIAR Support Program UK United Kingdom ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre (International Centre for Research in Agroforestry) USA United States of America 68 ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the WOTRO Stichting voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Semi-Arid Tropics van de Tropen en Ontwikkelingslanden (Netherlands Foundation for the IDRC International Development Research Centre, Advancement of Tropical Research) Canada IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development ILRI ANNUAL REPORT 2002 BETTER LIVES THROUGH LIVESTOCK www.ilri.org