SUMMARY OF THE WEBINAR: The third webinar in the Land and Natural Resource Tenure and Governance Webinar series was held on the 9th March 2021. Scientists from CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research) shared results, outcomes and experiences of the project “Securing Tenure Rights for Forest- Dependent Communities: a global comparative study of design and implementation of tenure reform (GSC-Tenure). The GCS-Tenure Project overall goal was to improve the knowledge, understanding and skills of policymakers, practitioners and forest-dependent communities for the design and implementation of forest tenure reforms, by providing them with needed information, analysis and tools. Around 30 participants from IFAD and CGIAR centers participated in the discussions following the presentations. This short report summarises these. Please find a recording of the webinar here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/273gtglgf85fyy1/GMT20210309- 142412_Recording_1920x1006.mp4?dl=0 Introduction to the Land Tenure and Governance Webinar series IFAD has been supporting CGIAR centres to carry out research for over three decades with investments totaling over Euro 400,000,000. This includes research on the topic of land and natural resource tenure and governance, management and planning. As part of a cooperation between IFAD’s Land Tenure Desk, the flagship project on natural resource management tenure and governance of the Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) of the CGIAR led by IFPRI and CIFOR, and the environment flagship of the Livestock CRP led by ILRI, a review is being undertaken of this research to draw off lessons learned in terms of impact of the research on country programmes and IFAD’s broader portfolio of work, as well as in terms of partnership-building between IFAD and CGIAR centres. It is anticipated that the review will inform the strengthening of partnerships and investments in the future. Some key good practice examples of IFAD and CGIAR centres working together on natural resource tenure and governance, management and planning, have been identified in the review, from which it is anticipated that both IFAD country teams and partners together with the CGIAR, could learn. These good practice examples are being shared through this webinar series designed to highlight the impact of the research in terms of outcomes and outputs, and the partnership experiences. The webinars are held on a bi-monthly basis through zoom and facilitated in a manner to optimise participation of all participants with time for discussion and questions and answers. Background to the Project: “Securing Tenure Rights for Forest-Dependent Communities: a global comparative study of design and implementation of tenure reform (GSC-Tenure). The Putting Research into Use for Nutrition, Sustainable Agriculture and Resilience (PRUNSAR) programme is one of IFAD’s most significant ongoing AR4D (action research for development) programmes. It has a budget of almost US$40 million, mainly from the European Union, with US$8 million contributed from IFAD. There are 13 projects under this programme, most of which are implemented by CGIAR centres. PRUNSAR started in 2015 and has to date yielded results reaching about 308,015 reported beneficiaries, although the indirect impact is much higher. The Securing Tenure Rights for Forest-Dependent Communities was one of these projects. The webinar The webinar was introduced by Harold Liversage, Global Technical Adviser, Land Tenure Desk, IFAD. He welcomed the participants and explained the objectives of the webinar as part of a series to learn lessons from the collaboration between IFAD and the CGIAR centers. The objectives of this third webinar were to: • Share the experiences of IFAD-supported investments and partnerships with the CGiAR centres involved, including on rangeland management, land governance and tenure. • Demonstrate the added value of the research, both technical and socioeconomic in terms of assisting IFAD’s development operations and investments. • Demonstrate the effectiveness of building strong and mixed R4D consortiums to deliver on R4D objectives. The webinar was facilitated by Michael Victor, Head of Communications and Knowledge Management at ILRI. The first presentation was made by Anne Larson, Principal Scientist and Team Leader: Equity, Gender, Justice and Tenure. Based on data emerging from the Rights and Resources Initiative on forest tenure reforms, CIFOR launched a research project, funded by EC and GEF and supported by IFAD and FAO, to understand the origin, implementation and outcomes of reforms in Peru, Uganda and Indonesia, with comparative research also conducted in Colombia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo and Nepal. The project aimed (1) to understand how tenure reforms emerged: the opportunities and options for formally securing customary rights, as well as understanding how and why such opportunities arose historically; (2) to identify factors constraining implementation: from outright competition and resistance to problems with implementation capacities, overlapping rights, costs, and so on; and (3) to understand impacts of reform on rights, access and security, specifically for women, poor men and ethnic minorities. The project was highly engaged and impact-oriented. Research was conducted with local universities and partners, which enhanced both interest and in-country capacities on tenure rights. It prioritized multi-stakeholder engagement in multiple arenas, from national project advisory committees to South-South exchanges, from open methods trainings to subnational and national multi-stakeholder processes. In Peru, results were written up in booklet form and returned to communities. Hundreds of people participated in capacity enhancement workshops, particularly on tenure and gender, subnationally, nationally and at global forums. The second presentation by Iliana Monterroso, Scientist, Co-Coordinator of Gender and Social Inclusion Research, CIFOR, shared three innovative approaches implemented by the Global Comparative Study on Forest Tenure Reforms GCS-Tenure project highlight lessons learned, good practices and challenges for engagement. The first innovation developed collaborative building scenario exercises in Uganda, Indonesia, Peru, Colombia and Nepal using Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA) methodologies. PPA provide space for multi-stakeholder dialogues to build awareness and capacity across stakeholder groups, enabling them to identify key driving forces of local tenure security and develop scenarios which were used by stakeholders to design action plans. PPA allows an increase in the awareness of policymakers and other stakeholders around the impacts of and barriers to reform implementation across different sociopolitical and settings; identifying ways to improve multi-actor collaboration, coordination and inclusiveness during tenure reform processes. The second innovation includes approaches to address implementation gaps from the perspective of government agents. The project identified key actors involved in the implementation of different forest tenure reforms in the study countries and examined the content of relevant laws and policies and related them to the choices, capacities and constraints of selected government actors (or local authorities) mandated with implementation. Results highlights the importance of intersectional coordination to ensure reform outcomes and effectiveness in implementation. It also highlights the gaps between law and practice, including cumbersome procedures behind implementation. Third, South-South exchanges provided for interesting opportunities for mutual learning and collaboration. It also provided an opportunity to promote multi-stakeholder policy dialogues; enhance capacities; identify opportunities for synergies, cross-country exchange field-visits; review of theory of change and involvement of multi-stakeholder project advisory committees. The project highlights the importance of engaging with IFAD country offices at the inception level as well as linking with ongoing projects to address key policy topics. A copy of the presentation can be found here: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113235. DISCUSSION BETWEEN PARTICIPANTS The participants were then split into break-out groups and asked the following questions. Below are the responses from the participants to each question, consolidated across the groups. 1. What did you learn from this particular experience for future partnership building between CGIAR/IFAD in the future? - Coordination and collaboration are important - Need for cooperation at operational level - Methodologies and tools to include indigenous people to be covered at design stage would be useful - Capacity building at ministry level in Lesotho (ICRAF) worked well - CGIAR support to project design and as part of early stage project development (CIAT / Bangladesh) - How do we link with country teams (if that is new IFAD approach)? - Timing of engagement is important - Feel sharing at country level needs to remain a key activity and with CGIAR centres/teams - At corporate level One CGIAR can play a strategic role but should not remain just at that top-level - Comparative studies allowed to document ongoing processes rather than reflecting back once completed and promote some lessons learned across countries involved despite conflictive reform processes. - Filling a gap around how reform process implementation is unfolding, how are they dealing with bottle necks and constraints. - Highlights the importance of collaboration with local institutions as moving towards one-CGIAR - Good opportunities for capitalizing on experience - research, analytical work, evidence & lessons learnt that can be replicated elsewhere. - Must respond to government, community & investment priorities. - Importance of linking to project and country priorities. - The idea of developing a center of excellence, given how much experience there is but without a go-to place to support capacities, implementation. Is research getting into the right hands? - The importance, still, of having concrete data as evidence to support arguments - Share experiences and institutionalize multi-stakeholder dialogue on this topic (Africa especially) - Shifting cultivation has a strong tenure element - Need to involve grants in the design stage - Loans assume the technology already exists but on tenure this is not so clear 2. From this experience, what type of tools and research better inform IFAD programming? - A variety of tools that complement each other - Participatory and inclusive tools - Participatory development of tools (with projects and project target groups) - Research with partners in-country to be linked with projects/IFAD implementing entities (linking researchers with communities) - Initiatives should be informed by the portfolio by the particular country, the type of engagement with government. Avoid the disconnect between initiatives and IFAD country project teams. - Many works coming out of the CGIAR, a catalogue of key messages, tools and results from each Center every year. Summary that can be distributed to country programs, when review of COSOPs these tools can be included in programming. To avoid lost opportunities and unnecessary repetitions in work already done - Research into improved technologies for production. - Games for changing mindsets in land and NR governance (eg. ROLL in Lesotho) - Research done in a participatory manner with communities, linked to participatory planning processes, including on tenure - Research into incoming generating opportunities (eg NTFP) - Women’s land rights 3. What type of practices for engagement can better unfold the potential opportunities for establishing synergies between research for development and development in practice? - From the inception of initiatives, when IFAD allocates grants, teams should engage with country team’s portfolios, ensure that research teams participate in discussions to identify challenges that programs are facing, to generate research that is oriented to solutions. - CGIAR research teams need to position themselves within the country level, to ensure engrain them in ongoing IFAD programs, identify opportunities to engage further at the country programs. - Challenges and opportunities to interact with country programs to recognize joint opportunities and address ongoing program challenges. - Participatory both inclusive approaches of beneficiaries and other stakeholders - Multiple stakeholder engagement - Quick matching meetings (or share fair) - Action/participatory research. Some further points that appeared in the zoom chat include: • I think people are interested in knowledge and research and IFAD would like to work with CGIAR and vice-versa • Potential interest/ need in some kind of center of excellent for tech support on tenure • Importance of linking the research and tools to community priorities • There was a lot of discussion and emphasis on the importance of working/engaging at the country level, design research based on solutions and challenges faced by projects and program • Leveraging dialogue platforms that exists • There was a feeling we should have the country team connected with the CGIAR centres at the individual level and in parallel at higher level (e.g. the One CGIAR and the IFAD Strategic discussions / Senior Management) • Importance of linking to project and country priorities • Community focused! • Notion of Centres of Excellence to leverage and scale up TA across countries and the region • Multi-stakeholder forums/partnerships are very useful for engaging stakeholders, providing information training and allow to leverage the power relations that often exist. Thank you for the interest. • Format for exchange could be this type of sharing - technical short meetings, match making, e.g. having CGIARs presenting their work packages/streams and IFAD country teams their country priorities, and then see how that would build a bigger partnership/package. • Project Preparation Funds/Grants at national level could be used to inform the Design and Scale -up of technologies that have proven results or where evidence is ready. • CIFOR and other CGIAR centers (the Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, IFPRI and ICRAF) are starting a new project on Women’s Land Rights - Which is learning from this project by first engaging with country offices and projects. To identify the type of challenges they are facing in the context of gender transformational approaches to address land rights. FINAL COMMENTS by Dr Malu Ndavi, Lead Technical Specialist, Management of Agricultural Research Grants Final comments were made by Dr Malu Ndavi, highlighting the importance of research-for-development in supporting IFAD country programmes and the significant opportunities of building stronger partnerships between IFAD and the CGIAR. The implications of the restructuring of the CGIAR will need to be taken into account, and ways to engage at different levels identfied. Links to further reading on the projects supported by this collaboration are found in Appendix 4. It is anticipated that the next webinar will be held in early May (date to be confirmed) on the Sustainable Rangeland Management Project, Tanzania FF 30.03.2021 Appendix 1: Bios of speakers Anne M. Larson has been a Principal Scientist at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) since 2012. She is currently the Team Leader for Equal Opportunities, Gender, Justice and Tenure at CIFOR and also co-coordinates the Governance of Natural Resources flagship of the Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) CGIAR Research Program. She was based in Lima, Peru, until 2019 and is now located in Washington, DC. She obtained her PhD in 2001 from U.C. Berkeley in Wildland Resource Science, with an emphasis on resource policy and institutions. Her current research priorities include land and forest tenure security; multilevel governance and multi-stakeholder processes to address climate change and support “low emissions” development; and environmental justice and human rights (indigenous rights, gender). Anne serves on the Council of the International Land Coalition (ILC), the board of directors of the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) and the CGIAR Gender Platform Management Committee. Iliana Monteroso is scientist with the Center for International Forestry Research. Guatemalan, Co- coordinator of Gender and Social Inclusion Research. Her research focuses on gender, tenure, collective rights, environmental governance and socio-environmental conflicts predominantly in Latin America. Iliana has a BSc in Biology and an MSc and PhD in Environmental Sciences. Her post-doctoral research focused on forest tenure reforms and collective tenure rights in Peru and Colombia. Appendix 2: List of participants [Note: some people did not register so are missing from the list] Anne Larson, CIFOR Iliana Monterroso, CIFOR, Bonolo Madito, IFAD, Senzo-Esihle Shabalala, IFAD Robson Mutandi, Hub Director, South Africa, IFAD Malu Ndavi, Lead Technical Specialist, RIA, IFAD Caroline Bidault, CD, IFAD Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, Fida Muhammed, CPO, IFAD Pakistan Philip Baumgartner, CD IFAD Lesotho, Namibia, Botswana Monica Madrid, Consultant FAO Land and Governance Team, Forestry Division, FAO Ye Tian, IFAD Alessia Marazzi, Programme Support Officer, IFAD Sudan, Isidoro Simon, IFAD, Roba Guyo, Country Technical Analyst (Nairobi), PMI, Kenya, IFAD Antonella Cordone, IFAD Rob Delve, IFAD, Frew Behabtu, Programme Officer, IFAD South Asia Hub, APR, Delhi, India Esther Kasalu-Coffin, Hub Director, ESA, Kenya, IFAD Tom Anyonge, IFAD, Dhrupad Choudhury, ICIMOD, Elizabeth Ssendiwala, IFAD, Ann Turinayo, IFAD, Benjamin Tchiyevo, IFAD, Natalia Espinel, IFAD, Amine Belhamissi, Technical Specialist (Grants), RIA, IFAD Sara Mbago, Regional Director ESA, IFAD Fiona Flintan, Senior Scientist, ILRI Harold Liversage, Land Tenure Senior Advisor, IFAD Michael Victor, ILRI Appendix 3: Further reading on and outputs from the research project GCS-Tenure Project Website On Participatory Prospective analysis PPA • Guide for co-elaboration of scenarios: Building shared understanding and joint action for reform and security of forest tenure • Safeguarding the forest tenure rights of forest-dependent communities in Uganda: Insights from a national-level participatory prospective analysis workshop • Insights from Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA) workshops in Nepal • What future direction for forest tenure reform implementation in Indonesia?: Perspectives of national-level stakeholders • Regional and local perspectives on tenure insecurity in the Loreto and Madre de Dios regions of Peru • Historical trajectories and prospective scenarios for collective land tenure reforms in community forest areas in Colombia On Work with Agents of Implementation • Implementing forest tenure reforms: Perspectives from Indonesia's forestry agencies • Formalization of the collective rights of native communities in Peru: The perspective of implementing officials • The Scramble for Land Rights: Reducing Inequity between Communities and Companies • Community land formalization and company land acquisition procedures: A review of 33 procedures in 15 countries On Gender • Forest tenure pathways to gender equality: A practitioner’s guide • Gender and forest tenure reform in Indonesia • Mobilizing Change for Women Within Collective Tenure Regimes • Gender and formalization of native communities in the Peruvian Amazon On Indigenous and customary Peoples • Securing land and territorial rights for indigenous peoples • Models for formalizing customary and community forest lands: The need to integrate livelihoods into rights and forest conservation goals Radio spots - Peru: Two radio spots and one radio program: https://www.cifor.org/gcs- tenure/resources/features/peru/ - Nepal: Expert panel was broadcasted on 10 June 2018. The video recording of the expert panel discussion can be accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=share&v=L8rjfKgNJMI&app=desktop Blogs - Global: Blog launched on International Day of World Indigenous People - Global: GLF also produced a blog on the report - Peru: Técnicos de gobierno también enfrentan desafíos para titular las tierras indígenas - Indonesia: Blog - Indonesia: Blog - In Indonesia, social forestry gets socialized. - 'The forest belongs to the community' - Indonesia: The forest farmers: - Postcards from the field: The view from Honitetu - The power of 'sasi': A sustainable taboo. - stock of Indonesia’s social forestry program Videos - Uganda: Women’s rights and forest tenure reform in Uganda. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-KvemIhHdo - Uganda: Achieving tenure security in Uganda. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LC5vxjUBGwE - Uganda: Customary rights and forest tenure reforms in Uganda - Uganda: Advances in forest tenure reform in Uganda (Part 1/2): - Uganda: Forest tenure reform in Uganda: Building capacity (Part 2/1): - Uganda: Video on Forest tenure reform in Uganda: An interview with Rachel Musoke. - Uganda: Forest tenure reform in Uganda: An interview with Levi Etwodu: - Uganda: Video on Forest tenure reform in Uganda: An interview with Justine Namaalwa. - Uganda: Forest tenure reform in Uganda: An interview with Hillary Agaba. - Peru: Two videos published: https://www.cifor.org/gcs-tenure/resources/videos/ - Peru: Video Maluku: Sequence Maluku Story: https://youtu.be/zQHofc5tAT0 - Indonesia: Video Lampung: Why social forestry: Securing the sap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf82Jea2xO8 - Indonesia: Why social forestry: Keeping the coffee: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsP_lJXB6bU Manuals and Handbooks • Practitioners Handbook on Good Practice in Implementing Forest Tenure Reform • Peru: Illustrated guide on steps for titling native communities. • Indonesia: Illustrated handbook on laws, policies and institutions in Bahasa Indonesia Radio spots - Peru: Two radio spots and one radio program: https://www.cifor.org/gcs- tenure/resources/features/peru/ - Nepal: Expert panel was broadcasted on 10 June 2018. The video recording of the expert panel discussion can be accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=share&v=L8rjfKgNJMI&app=desktop Uganda • Main findings of the Global Comparative Study on Tenure in Uganda • Forest tenure reform implementation in Uganda: Current challenges and future opportunities • Securing tenure rights to communal forests in Masindi district, Uganda: Lessons from participatory prospective analysis • Enhancing Forest Landscape Restoration in Mount Elgon, Kenya: Insights from participatory prospective analysis (PPA) • Strengthening tenure security and community participation in forest management in Kibaale district, Uganda: Insights from participatory prospective analysis • Securing the customary tenure rights of forest-dependent communities in Lamwo district, northern Uganda: Insights from participatory prospective analysis Indonesia • Overview of forest tenure reforms in Indonesia • Securing tenure rights in Maluku, Indonesia: Searching for common action • Forest tenure reform implementation in Lampung province: From scenarios to action Peru • Los conflictos en la tenencia forestal colectiva: Lecciones para Perú de un estudio comparativo • The impact of formalizing rights to land and forest: Indigenous community perspectives in Madre de Dios and Loreto • Conflict in collective forest tenure: Lessons for Peru from a comparative study • Progress in formalizing "native community" rights in the Peruvian Amazon (2014-2018) • Collective titling in the Peruvian Amazon: A history in three acts • Reclaiming collective rights: land and forest tenure reforms in Peru (1960-2016) Nepal • Forest Tenure Reforms in Nepal: Special Issue Colombia • El derecho a la tenencia y a la propiedad colectiva en Colombia: Cifras y debates • Collective land tenure in Colombia: Data and trends • Collective land tenure in Colombia: Background and current status DRC • Workshop on Gender and Indigenous Women's Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Protecting Rights to Land and Forests Kenya • Advancing Forest Tenure Security in Nyeri County, Kenya: Learnings from participatory prospective analysis (PPA) • Securing Forest Tenure in Kilifi County, Kenya: Learnings from participatory prospective analysis (PPA)