Transformation from the ground Adaptation pioneers as agents of change through climate-resilient agriculture Feedback Report: Adaptation Pioneers in Nandi/Bomet Counties Feedback Workshop of CGIAR Initiative on Livestock and Climate (LCSR/WP1) Sotik Pastoral Centre, Bomet, 11.12.2024 Kaimosi Agricultural Training Centre, Nandi County, 13.12.2024 Emmaculate Kiptoo, Nathan Maiyo, Leah Gichuki, Birgit Habermann, www.cgiar.org Who is a pioneer farming household? We define pioneer farming households based on positive deviance. • More successful than others in the same circumstances • Successful in terms of securing livelihoods and overcoming the impact of climate change Pioneer household, Kenya (Photo: Habermann/ILRI) www.cgiar.org How do we find them? Positive Deviant Pioneers: Pioneering character • Innovation on the farm rather than just adoption • Unique ways of knowing and learning • Tries out new things, and abandons failures • Willingness to engage in knowledge sharing with others Initial group of Pioneer Households during a group meeting, Bomet, Kenya (Leah Gichuki/ILRI) www.cgiar.org www.cgiar.org Implementation in Nandi and Bomet Counties www.cgiar.org STEP 1 : Identification of Positive Deviant Adaptation Practices (2019-2020) • Understanding situation and context, on-going activities • Engage with the community, leaders and different stakeholders in the area • Participatory workshops for ranking of suggested adaptation practices and the impact of climate change on dairy www.cgiar.org STEP 1 : Identification of Positive Deviant Adaptation Practices (2019-2020) • Verification of responses: • Is the priority adaptation practice also the most relevant? • Are there potential pioneer farmers practicing it, and innovating? • Clear understanding of how this is a response to climate change www.cgiar.org STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – qualitative indicators (2019-2020) 1. Awareness of climate change 2. Adaptation practice of PD in: 1. Livestock practice how? 2. Fodder bought additionally y/n 3. Feed & forage how? 3. Pioneering character 1. Endogenous innovation rather than adoption 2. Unique ways of knowing and learning 3. Tries out new things, and also abandons failures 4. Willingness to engage in knowledge sharing with others Pioneer household, Kenya (Photo: Habermann/ILRI) www.cgiar.org STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) I. Performance in milk production: • Milk yield, expressed in l per day per cow • Calving interval, expressed in month • Age at first calving, expressed in month II. Livelihood, adaptation, and technology: • Farm diversity, number of different crop, forage and livestock on farm • Diversity of sources of income • Number of (sub-)technologies applied • Technology advice, cube root of the number of households helped • Months with food shortages www.cgiar.org STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) • The ideal adaptation pioneer household is a skilled small holder cattle farm household, with a high milk yield, low age at first calving, and low calving interval. • The pioneer household demonstrates high adaptation capacity, as seen by its high diversity of crop and livestock on farm, and the high diversity of its income sources. • The pioneer household applies various technologies on farm, and provides technological advices to the community. • The resulting good production from the farm provides sufficient food for the household all year long without shortage. www.cgiar.org STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) HH Survey: 1016 Validation Interviews: 81 Final APHs: 39 www.cgiar.org STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Household survey • Baseline survey conducted with 1016 households in Nandi and Bomet. • 10 subcounties and 40 wards selected in Nandi and Bomet based on agroecological potential for dairy and scaling feed production and preservation practices. • Household demographics, socioeconomic and institutional factors, livestock and crop production, relative vulnerability, innovation, food security, technologies and practices were assessed. www.cgiar.org STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Validation interviews • Validation done during farm visits. • Scoping interviews conducted with 81 households in Nandi (44) and Bomet (37) Counties • 42 households out of 81 selected for the study- 16 in Bomet and 26 in Nandi. www.cgiar.org STEP 3: Adaptation Pioneer Households Training, Kenya www.cgiar.org STEP 3: Citizen Science Record keeping • Use of smartphone for data collection( ODK form) • Monthly records( milk production, animal measurements, feeds, income and expenses and disease incidences) • Seasonal feed analysis to assess feed quality • Quarterly feedback reports for farmers Mr. Tabut and wife, pioneer farmer, Kenya (Emmaculate Kiptoo/LRI) Mr. Richard, pioneer farmer, Kenya (Emmaculate Kiptoo/ILRI) Madam Nancy, pioneer farmer, Kenya (Emmaculate Kiptoo/ILRI) 16 Weight, body scores, assessment of animals Labour, infrastructure/ investments What feed? Quality? Profitability?Milk records STEP 3: Citizen Science Record keeping • To help farmers better understand their practices, farmer-led data collection and analysis of records and samples was done through researchers for 10 months. • Record keeping (Animal girth and BCS, milk, income, expenses, animal health and AI) • On- demand training to fill possibles gaps and F2F training skills was done. • Training on animal nutrition and feeding, fodder agronomy, animal health and breeding. STEP 3: Citizen Science Record keeping www.cgiar.org www.cgiar.org STEP 4: Adaptation Pioneer Household Field Days • Adaptation Pioneer Households have held 37 field days, reaching more than 2000 farmers. • Blog: https://www.cgiar.org/news- events/news/in-the-field- listening-to-adaptation- pioneers/ • Guidelines: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1262 72 https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/in-the-field-listening-to-adaptation-pioneers/ https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/in-the-field-listening-to-adaptation-pioneers/ https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/in-the-field-listening-to-adaptation-pioneers/ https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/in-the-field-listening-to-adaptation-pioneers/ https://hdl.handle.net/10568/126272 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/126272 Field Day of Mr. Tomas, pioneer farmer, Kenya Emmaculate Kiptoo/ILRI) www.cgiar.org 23000 Booklets distributed between May and November 2024 STEP 4: Dissemination www.cgiar.org STEP 5: Knowledge Network Knowledge networks in 2 counties in Kenya: • 45 pioneer farmers work with more than 2000 peer households • Partners: county extension, Equity Bank Foundation, Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Animal Genetic Resource Centre and Sistema Bio (biodigester, private company) www.cgiar.org STEP 6: Scaling 2020 -2024 Development of Farmer2Farmer Scaling and Knowledge Networks with partners Reaching out to 20000 dairy farming households New Pioneer Farmers 2023, 39 New Pioneer Farmer Field Days, 1500 Original Pioneer Farmer Field Days, 600 Original Pioneer Farmers 2019, 6 Pioneers Pioneer groups 1st level Pioneer groups 2nd level 2020-2022 6 600 6000 2022-2024 39 1500 15000 Results for Feedback www.cgiar.org Results: Feedback to On-demand Training www.cgiar.org Results: Feedback to On-demand Training www.cgiar.org Results: Citizen science data collection • There is an opportunity for enhancing record-keeping profitability analysis at a farm level​. • Some animals stay in late lactation for a longer period or dry at the same time. • There is need for farmers to address the deficit effect caused by animals drying at the same time. • Few animals follow the normal lactation cycle. • Livestock related investments, labour, buying feeds/fodder and supplements form the highest percentage of expenses.​ • Whereas milk sale is a consistent income source, the sale of cattle seems to give a huge income boost to the farmers. www.cgiar.org www.cgiar.org www.cgiar.org Results: Feed Sample Analysis (1) • Positive evidence that the quality of homemade concentrates is better than most commercial feeds. The cost of formulating feeds is still a question. • Farmers already have a wide range of feed varieties. The question is how to utilize these varieties for improved productivity throughout the year. www.cgiar.org Results: Feed Sample Analysis (1) • The fresh forage grasses, dairy meal and bean haulms should be much better. This could be because they are being inappropriately managed. • Some forage grasses (Kikuyu samples in particular) where the quality, particularly CP, appears to be impossibly high. Acknowledgements Thanks to all APHs and partners for working with us: Kenya: Joel and Eunice Rotich, Gloria and Daniel Mutai, Richard and Nancy Koskei, Edward and Joyce Chebet Ngetich, David and Margaret Chelogoi,Martin and Mary Keter, Robert Rotich, Nancy Cheruiyot, Jallody and Joseah Rotich, Samuel and Catherine Rotich, Ernest Kosgey, Frankline andNicholas Kiprotich Langat, Rahab Chepngeno, Priscah Metet, Jonathan and Mary Marutegek, Gideon Cheruiyot Kirui, Micah and Caren Rutto, Joshua and Lucina Serem, Victor Kiptoo Serem, Edwin and Doreen Mitey, Robert and Martha Bii, Tomas and Emily Yebei, David Chumba, Jennifer Karoney Chumba, Monica Yebei, Micah Bett, James and Irine Yego, Joseph and Benson Ambe, Joseph Kitur, Eunice Maiyo Kitur, Jackson Kebenei, Amos Kipchumba, Annaline Limo, Hillary Limo, Musa Barno, Esther Mutai, Mark and Celestine Busienei, Frumenzi Birgen, Daniel Tarus, Josphine Limo, James Kirwa, Collins Kiptoo, Eliab Terer, Allan Rono, Willy K. Biwott, Sharon Biwott, Stanley Ng’ombe, David and Jackline Chepsiror, Regina Sang, Richard K. and Ednah Tabut, Peter Kurgat, Vincent Sang, Shadrack and Priscah Rono, Jeckly Kogo, Cynthia Kogo, Simon Kipkemei Chepsiror, Rael Chepsiror, Peter and Ebby Sang’unya, Lucy Sang’unya, Pius Leley and Elzeba Lelei, Cornelius Kosgei and Monicah Jerotich Kosgei, Felix and Lonah Sum, Nkuuyie Ntetiyian, Nosim Nkuuyie, Nairaba Kitesho, Sereti Nairaba, Kamanga Tolu, Nteme Lanamayiana, Jackson Kureko, Elizabeth Manchare, Nkoitiko Kahal, Nkuyia Sopiano, Sempeta Tajeu, Joel Muinya, Abigael Muinya This work was conducted as part of the CGIAR Initiative Livestock and Climate and is supported by contributors to the CGIAR Trust Fund. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future dedicated to transforming food, land, and water systems in a climate crisis. This work has been partly financed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) commissioned by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (grant number: 2017.0119.2). Slide 0: Transformation from the ground Adaptation pioneers as agents of change through climate-resilient agriculture Feedback Report: Adaptation Pioneers in Nandi/Bomet Counties Feedback Workshop of CGIAR Initiative on Livestock and Climate (LCSR/WP1) Slide 1: Who is a pioneer farming household? Slide 2: How do we find them? Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5: Implementation in Nandi and Bomet Counties Slide 6: STEP 1 : Identification of Positive Deviant Adaptation Practices (2019-2020) Slide 7: STEP 1 : Identification of Positive Deviant Adaptation Practices (2019-2020) Slide 8: STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – qualitative indicators (2019-2020) Slide 9: STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Slide 10: STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Slide 11: STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Slide 12: STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Household survey Slide 13: STEP 2: Identification of Positive Deviants – quantitative indicators (2022) Validation interviews Slide 14: STEP 3: Adaptation Pioneer Households Training, Kenya Slide 15: STEP 3: Citizen Science Record keeping Slide 16: STEP 3: Citizen Science Record keeping Slide 17: STEP 3: Citizen Science Record keeping Slide 18 Slide 19: STEP 4: Adaptation Pioneer Household Field Days Slide 20 Slide 21 Slide 22: STEP 5: Knowledge Network Slide 23: STEP 6: Scaling Slide 24: Results for Feedback Slide 25: Results: Feedback to On-demand Training Slide 26 Slide 27: Results: Citizen science data collection Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30: Results: Feed Sample Analysis (1) Slide 31: Results: Feed Sample Analysis (1) Slide 32 Slide 33: Acknowledgements Thanks to all APHs and partners for working with us: Kenya: Joel and Eunice Rotich, Gloria and Daniel Mutai, Richard and Nancy Koskei, Edward and Joyce Chebet Ngetich, David and Margaret Chelogoi,Martin and Mary Keter, Robert R