, COlECCION: HIsrOfilt! ¡INSTRUCTORS MANUAL OCK PRODUCTION SPECIALIST TRAINING PROJECT) ~ BIBLIOTECA 685 Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (ClAT) " ----- CArJ - COLOMBIA ----- CIAT-T C-lPSTP-CHM December, 1969 J (!/At s¡: tI 'I51 J1b9 e I Manual para Instructores Instructor's Manual CIAT-PEEPP-CHM-XII-69 CONTENIDO 1 Gura para Instructores Instructor's GUlde r-_~~ HISTOR!CA 2 HorariO de ConferenCIas, DemostraCIones y DlscuslOnes, Enero-~rzo, 1970 Schedule of Conferences, DemonstratIons and DIscussions, January-March, 1970 3 Lista de ConferencIstas, Enero-~rzo, 1970 LIst of Lecturers, January-March, 1970 4 Esquema ProV1siOnal del Horano, Enero, 1970 - Mayo, 1971 5 Factores Fundamentales para el Exlto de la ProduccIOn Pecuaria Factors Fundamental to Successful LIvestock ProductlOn 6 Esquema de Temas para las Serles de ConferenCIas y DISCUSIones, Enero-~rzo, 1970 Sublect-Matter Outlme for Lecture and DIscussiOn Senes, January-~rch, 1970 7 DescrIpcI6n del Proyecto de Entrenanuento de ESpeCIalIstas en la ProducCI6n PecuarIa ProJect DescriptIon, LIvestock Produchon SpeCIahst Trammg ProJect lnstructor's Guide LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SPECIALIST TRAINING PROJECT Centro lnterllll.Clonal de Agrlcultura Tropical Call, Colombia December, 1969 The Mimstry of AgrICulture Resolution number 263 and the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (leA) Resolution number 398 establlsh m general terms a nanonal system to proVIde supervised credlt and technical assistance to farmers and ranchera The success of this approach to the diffuslOn and apphcahon of new technology and more effiOlent metitods on the farm and ranch depends on the guallty oC technical asslstance proVIded CIA T, ID collaboration Wlth llll.Ílonal entities, places hlgh priority on providlng opportunities for the advanced traimng oí personnelmvolved in various phases oí agrtculture One area of emphasis 1 s to tram "geller'll.lists" in 11 vestock productiqu as desoribed in tbe appended proJeot desoripilon Th:s tralning pro)eot, in addltion to providmg advanced techrucal trainmg for vei.erinarians and animal husbandrymen, ls oriented toward helpmg the tramees acquire a broader Írame of reference about hvestock production and management tban lS usually attruned by the student in under- graduate or post-graduate oourses of study The lntent lS not (nor lS it possible) that titese "generaliats" will be expen m all oí the subJect-matter areas hsted ID the appended "SubJect Matter Outlme for Lecture and Discuasion Series, January-March, 1970 tt Rather that through classroom, laboratory, and field (on-the-Job) experience we expect that they mIl become aware of tbe broad spectrum of acienufic dlsClplines and technolog¡es WblCh musí be asaimllated and mtegrated Blmultaneously in order to achleve efficlent and economlCal agricultural produotloa, that thelr lmagmatlon and powers of observabon and 10gIcal reasomng W111 develop as the basls for "pragmatlc innovahon" WhlCh wlll proVlde producers wlth a Wlder ranga oí mangement options, that they will acquire lnVeshgatlve skllls suffiolent to gwde them in developing more productIve systems and better resource utlhzatlon WhlCh ls m harmony w1th the native envlronment In order tO achleve these goals, 1t 18 necessary that the sLudent 01' tramee be an actlve rather tban paSSlve leamer Group dlscussions and laboratory 01' fleld exercises are stressed In preferenoe to formallectures, although certalnly these will necessarily be an mtegral part of the process Instructors are therefore asked to conslder the following points 1 That the tramees recognize clearly from the outset the relatlonshlp of the subject belng presented 01' mscussed to the reallties whlch they will face in the field, and how the subJect matter can be apphed to solvmg field problema, 2 That the tramees understand the material sufficiently well to be able to integrate lt with thelr present knowledge in order to improve their over- all understanding and orientation, including awareness of their deficiencies, 3 That the trainees, to the extent permitted by time and the subject matter, have tha opportunity to practica actual appUcation of the lnformation presentad by tha instructor Despite the fact tbat each instructor has received personal communioation suggesUng a general topic for presentation, 1t ls hoped that you will review the "Subjeot MIltter Outline" in order to insure that your presentation ls oriented to the overall theme oí the training course In add1tion this may be oí some help in developing the detalla of your participation Where there are overlapping interests 01' speoialtles. instruotora are inviteq to deoide among themselves in-so-far as possible ths spscific areas each will cover, 01' if indicated, two 01' more instructor s might meet the trainees at the same time for the sake of well-rounded d1scussion (This has already been anticipated in some cases as seen in the accompanying "Lecture, Demonstration -3- and ThscusslOn Schedule") If lt lS lmposslble fol.' you to be present on the date or hour mdlcated, please let US know as soon as possible so that lt can be re- scheduled If you Wlsh, you may ¡¡:rrange dlrectly wlth another instructor to trade dates, m WhlCh case please mform us well ¡n adV'ance of such changes If you plan in your presentabon to make reference to band-out materlals or to SpeClÍlC textbooks it would be well lo Bend these materfals (or reference to tbe textbook) in advance so tbat the students Wlll be prepared LO parncipate frwtfully If you deSlre tbat the students do advance reading on spec!fic topICS, pIease advise us We shall aSSlgn tilla materlal to them to the extent that our hbrary pertnlts If you will inform us of your needa ID advance, we suJl make ,every effor! to have avaJlable for you ihe desired equlpmeni ror visual ¡uds 01' the more common laboratory exereises Bring Wlth you any SpSClal equipmeni 01' reagents wllleh you may requlre As wiIl he noted on the "Schedule, !! the trainees WllI he examinad perlOdieally and graded Thus, we ask each of yau to prepare a serles of thought-provoking questions (with answers) eovering the tapIe of your presentation WhlCh can be tncluded m tbe approprlate examination or you may adlninister tbe examtnation personally if you so deslre In sorne cases, perhaps the most appropriate ex- amination wiIl be an assigned exeretse or problem AIso, we woold ask tbat each of yau provide us with a copy of the complete text of yoor presentatlon (oI' at least an autlme) so tbat we may prepare for the students a bound manual for future reference OI' if mdicated, a book 01' "pI'o- ceedlngs" - type publlcation A bibhography, espeClally of good reference sonrces ID gpamsh, woold also be extI'emely useful For those who prefer to ruake their presentation m Enghsh, "simultaneoos" translatlon Wlll be available It ls preferred by tbe students espec1ally m tbose cases wheI'e a laek oí fluency in Spantsh hmdeI's the instructor's ful1 expI'ession of bis ideas We antIcipate that there wlll be between 15 and 20 trame es attendlng these discussions The majority, if not aH, wi11 be graduate veterlnarians or veter- -4- mary-zootecmstas You Wlll probably fmd them weakest In the areas of mathematics, statistlcs, physics and chemistry and should plan accordingly if these subjects com- pnse a maJor part of your presentation The time allotted In the "Schedule" for each toplc has been, of necessity. a rather arbitrary matter and Is subJect to change at the discretion of the instructor concerned to the extent possible Wlth tbis in mind, we have 1eft some free perlods in order to make addIhonal time available when necessary For those Instructors who are not on the CIAT staff, CIAT will pay for a11 tranaportation, lodging and meals I and wiIl provide tickets for air travel in advance if informed of the desired schedule sufficiently in advance Reimburse- ment will be made on the basis of a statement (with receipts when appropriate) rendered by the instructor Hotel reservations wiIl also be mada for instructor s ií requested PIease let us know at your earUest convenlence whether the date and time for which your presentation ls scheduled 18 acceptable, or If not, what alternative time would be posslble This proJect constitutes an expel'lment Its success dependa in great part upon your parhcipabon, lUcludmg suggestlons for lmprovements or changes in content or orIentahon Your collaboration Wlll be greatly appreciated We thank you m advance for your good wlll FECHA Enero 7 Enero 8 Enero 9 Enero 10 Enero 12 Enero 13 Enero 14 PROYECTO DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE ESPECIALISTAS EN PRODUCCION PECUARIA Conferencias, DemostracIOnes y Discusiones, Enero-Marzo, 1970 CIA T - PEEPP - CHM - XII-69 Horario para el Mes de Enero de 1970 NOMBRE DEL HORAS TEMA CONFERENCISTA InstalaCl6n personal, aSIgrulCl6n de dor- Il1ltorlo, SUIl1lnlstro de eqUipos y orlen- tacl6n a las faCllldades 8 00 - 12 00 Recorrido de El Porvemr y exphcaCl6n Ors Johnson de las normas de la HaCienda Thompson Forero 13 00 - 17 00 Recorrido de la biblioteca y exphcacI6n Or Bloch de su uso 8 00 - 12 00 Blenvemda al CIAT, exphcaCl6n de las Ors Grant normas adIl1lmstrahvas Alvarez Raun Byrnes Toro 13 00 - 1700 Reunión de los partiCipantes del PEEPP para orlentacI6n al proyecto 8 00 - 12 00 Examen de pre-entrenamlento Ors Byrnes Wllkua Mullenax 8 00 - 12 00 Examen de pre-entrenamlento Ora Byrnes 13 00 - 17 00 Wllkus Mullenru. 8 00 - 12 00 Examen de pre-entrenaIl1lento Ors Byrnes Wl1kus 13 00 - 17 00 Mullenax 8 00 - 10 00 PatologfJ. General Or E D Roberts 1000 - 12 00 Hemopad.Bltos Or L G Adams 13 00 - 17 00 Hemoparlisltos, laboratorIO Or L G Adams -2- NOMBRE DEL FECHA HORAS TEMA CONFERENCISTA --- Enero 15 8-00 - 12 00 Pztología y Hemoparásltos ':'rs E. D. rtoberts LG Adams 13 00 - 1700 Técmcas de necropsia y muestre ras Dr ED Roberts Enero 16 800 - 10 00 Patología EspeClal Dr ED Roberts 10 00 - 12 00 VIrología y arboVlrus en CIA T Dr RB MackenzH 13 00 - 17 00 Manejo de ammales Sr LE Plazas Enero 17 8 00 - 12 00 Pr~chcas en manejo ffslCO de animales Sr LE Plazas 13 00 - 17 00 Enero 19 8 00 - 10 00 Economfa Agrfcola Drs Trant Andersen 10 00 - 12 00 VIrología y Zoonoses Drs Mackenzle Jonkers Wllkus 13 00 - 17 00 Uso de la blbltoteca y fuentes de refe- Dr T Bloch renela, prll.ctlcas Enero 20 8 00 - 10 00 Economfa Agrrcola Drs Trant Andersen 1000 - 12 00 EpldemlOlogía y MedIcma Prevenhva Drs Mackenzle Jonkers WIlkus 13 00 - 15 00 Ingeruena SanItana Dr P Owens Enero 21 8 00 - 10 00 Economfa Agrfcola Drs Trant Andersen ~- 1000 - 12 00 Nutncl6n, HIgtene y Salud Humana Drs Sanmartfn Mackenzle 13 00 - 15 00 Ingemerra Sanltana Dr P Owens 15 00 - 17 00 Ingeruena Sanltana, pd.ctIcas Dr P Owens Enero 22 8 00 - 10 00 Economfa Agrfcola Drs Trant Andersen 10 00 - 12 00 ArboVIruB y EpIdemiOlogía Dra Sanmartín I Trap.do 1'1 00 - 1'7 00 Entomología, práchcas en ldentIflcacllin Dr H Tra!ndo Enero 23 8 00 - 10 00 Economfa Agrfcola Drs Trant Andersen -3- NOMBRE DEL FECHA HORAS TEMA CONFERENCISTA 10 00 - 12 00 Suelos Dr J Spam 13 00 - 17 00 Suelos, prlictlcas en Suelos Dr J Spam Enero 24 8 00 - 12 00 Examen Dr J Spam Enero 26-30 Curso sobre "Tractorista en Ganadería" Dr G Roldán L Enero 31 800 - 12 00 Exámenes Sr H Sllva PROYECTO DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE ESPECIALISTAS EN PRODUCCION PECUARIA , ConferencIas, DemostracIones y DlscuslOnes, Enero-Marzo, 1910 FECHA Febrero 2 Febrero 3 Febrero 4 , HORAS 8 00 - 10 00 1000 - 12 00 13 00 - 15 00 1500 - 11 00 8 00 - 10 00 1000 - 12 00 13 00 - 17 00 8 00 - 10 00 1000 - 12 00 1300 - 11 00 rebrero 5 8 00 - 12 00 Febrero 5 Febrero 7 ,1 I 13 00 - 15 00 15 00 - 17 00 8 00 - 10 00 1300 - 15 00 15 00 - 17 00 800 - 12 00 CIA T - PEEPP - CHM - XII-59 HorariO para el Mes de Febrero de 1970 TEMA ComurucaCl6n ExtensI6n Desarrollo y SOClología Rural Thscus16n ConferencIa especial ParasItologfa Parasitología, prlichcas de laboratorIo NutrIClón de Porcmos ManejO de Porcmos VISita a Porcmos, ICA, Palnura Pastos y Forrajes Pastos y Forrajes del Tr6plco VIsita a Pastos y Forrajes, ICA, Palmira PreparaCión de EnsIlaje Aspectos de lecherra VISIta a lecherra, lCA, Palnura Examen NOMBRE DEL CONFERENCISTA Dr F C Byrnes Dr T Trrul Dr R ~arte Drs Byrnes Trall ~rte Dr E Alvarez Dr G Mateus Dr G Mateus Dr J Maner Dr J Gallo Drs Maner Gallo Drs O Paladines- G Herrera Dr L Escobar Dra Paladines Herrera Escobar Dre R RublO A Serrano Dr A Serrano Dr A Serrano -2- NOMBRE DEL FECHA HORAS TEMA CONFERENCISTA Febrero 9 8 00 - 12 00 Manejo y Nutrlc16n de Aves Dra A Warren O Paladmes 13 00 - 17 00 VISita al campo Drs A Warren O Paladmes Febrero 10 8 00 - 10 00 Nutrlcl6n de ruIDIantes Dr N S Raun 1000 - 12 00 Aspectos comparatJvos en nutrlcl6n Drs Raun entre aves, procmos y rumIantes Maner Paladmes 13 00 - 15 00 Ingemerra Agrícola Dr G Dunkelberg Febrero 11 8 00 - 10 00 Topografía y Fotografía aérea Dr R Thompson 10 00 - 12 00 ConferenCia especial Dr U J Grant 13 00 - 15 00 Ingeruerfa Agrícola Dr G l).¡nkelberg Febrero 12 8 00 - 10 00 Cosechas Dr R Thompson 1000 - 12 00 Ingeruerfa Agrícola Dr L Johnson 13 00 - 17 00 Ingemerfa Agrícola - VISita al Campo Dr G Dunkelberg Febrero 13 10 00 - 12 00 ConferenCia especial Dr RK Waugh 13 00 - 17 00 Ingemerfa Agrícola Dr L Johnson Febrero 14 8 00 - 12 00 Examen Febrero 16 8 00 - 12 00 Ecología y Manejo de la Vida Sllvestre - Drs J Her'lli.ndez Mesa Redonda T YUlll N Peterson R B MackenZl J L WIlkus 13 00 - 15 00 EpldemlOlogía Drs GJ Noreño J L W!lkus 15 00 - 17 00 DIscusión Drs Hernández YUlll Peterson Mackenzle Noreño Wllkus Febrero 17 8 00 - 12 00 La Ganaderra en Colombia - Mesa Redonda Drs R Londoño D Parra O Patlño J Estuplñ1in H Sarmiento -3- NOMBRE DEL FECHA HORAS TEMA CONFERENCISTA Febrero 17 1300 - 15 00 CrédIto Ganadero Dr H SarmIento 1500 - 17 00 CrédIto Agrfcola - Mesa Redonda Drs Londoño Parra Patiño EstuplMn Sarnuento Trant Andersen Febrero 18 800 - 10 00 Responsabllldad profeslonal del punto Dr H Qulntero de VIsta de un ganadero 1000 - 12 00 DlscusiOn Drs Qumtero Londoño Parra M Alvarez 1300 - 15 00 Inmunologfa Dr J L Wlllrus Febrero 19 800 - 10 00 Entrenamiento de empleados Dr H Dommguez 1000 - 12 00 Enfermedades bacterlolOg¡cas Dr T Vera 1300 - 15 00 Enfermedades bactenolOg¡cas Dr T Vera 15 00 - 17 00 Inmunología Dr J L Wlllrus Febrero 20 8 00 - 10 00 Enfermedades bacterlOlOgicas Dr T Vera 10 00 - 12 00 Enfermedades mlCológ¡cas Dr MJ Torres 13 00 - 17 00 Serología - práctIcas de laboratorIO Drs Vera Torres Wlllrus Ayudantes Febrero 21 8 00 - 12 00 Examen Febrero 23 , 800 - 12 00 Enfermedades Virales Drs E D Roberts J L Wllkus y otros 1300 - 15 00 Entrenamiento de empleados Dr H Domfnguez Febrero 24 800 - 12 00 Producci6n de Ganado Vacuno en el TrOplCo Drs 1 Rush J Vergara G Escobar F González -4- NOMBRE DEL FECHA HORAS TEMA CONFERENCISTA Febrero 24 13 00 - 15 00 DIscusión Drs Rush Vergara Escobar Gonz1ilez J Cortez Febrero 25 800-1200 Manejo de empresas ganaderas Drs J Cortez 1300 - 1500 Entrenamiento de Empleados Dr H Dommguez Febrero 26 800 - 12 00 GenétIca, Selección y Reproducción de Ganado Vacuno Dr H H stonaker 13 00 - 15 00 Inmunologfa Dr J L Wllkus Febrero 27 8 00 - 12 00 Estadística y AnUlsls de Datos Dre P Andersen J L Wllkus 13 00 - ]5 00 ManejO y FertilIdad de Suelos Dr KD Frank Febrero 28 8 00 - 10 00 ManejO y Fertlhdad de Suelos Dr KD Frank 1000 - 12 00 Examen , ~ECHA 1Y'arzo 2 M'lf zo ~ Marzo ~ I'vlarzo 5 Marzo t> Marzo - PROrECTO DE ENTHENAl\H:r..~T() DE ESPECIALISTAS EN PROOUCC!ON PECUAR1A ConferenCIas DemostraCIones y DISClIS¡Ones EnC'ro-Marzo 1 q-o HORAS s 00 - l' 00 lO 00 12 /lO j 3 00 - 1"> 00 1 '> 00 - 17 (lO .;; 00 - l{ (ji) 1000 - H 00 1301) - )'7 ~'(I 8 00 - 12 00 I J 00 - 1 ry 00 ~ 00 - 12 uO lJ 00 - 1'1 ¡)O k 00 -12 00 l300 - 1'\ 00 1500 - 17 1)0 tl 00 - 10 0(; 1 () ¡)I) - 1 2 00 crAT - PEEPP - CHM - Xl, - hll TEMA Algunos aspectos sobre oxlens'O,l 1·,ral Contahilidad de hJi<>lendas EnsIlaje E< onumra VeterinarIa Contahlhdad de hae el'das AVlCult')ra A lcultura - V's ta al lampo A~pecj()s mémGos sobre serp'enteS VIsIta a la lJmvers'dad dl'J Valle FaC'ultad df Medl clOa Ecolo¡¡fa y vIda silvestre VIsita al Museo de HistorIa j, '1cura] Coml.mcanb'1 Chmatologra Cl!rl'atologfa • VI sita al I-amp" InmJ.lUzaClón de los Tramee" E'1fermedades venéreas NOMBAE DEL COj\lrr;RENCISTA DI Bar rf'1'a Ors Z'Álua¡ra Wllkus De RnhJO Dr IJnlkus D S Zillna¡.a Wllkus Or F Ga. era Drs F Gar( ra \\aru'í1 Drs Pramlla Ltnares 1orros forTl-s Drs O' Alesl5andro Trap.do Dr Dr Byrnes Dr G61l'ez DI' G6mez Or Memlla Dr Medma T - 2 - FECHA HORAS TEMA NOMBRE DEL CONFERENCISTA Marzo 9 800 - 12 00 PolftlCa AgrarIa Colombiana Dr Barbosa y otros 13 00 - 17 00 ComumcaCl6n Dr Byrnes Marzo 10 800 - 12 00 Reproducm6n y fertllIdad Dr Stlefken 13 00 - 17 00 Laboratono de reproducCl6n y fertlhdad Dr Stlefken ... Marzo 11 800 - 12 00 Clrugía Dr Mullenax 13 00 - 17 00 PunÍlcacI6n y pureza de las aguas Dr Owens Marzo 12 800 - 12 00 Pastos y ¡"orra¡es Dr Herrera 1300 - 17 00 Pastos y Forrajes VISIta al campo Drs Herrera Paladmes Marzo 13 800 - 12 00 Pastos y Forrajes Dr Herrera 1300 - 17 00 Pastos y Forrajes VIsita al campo Drs Herrera Paladmes Marzo 14 800 - 12 00 Pastos y Forrajes Dr Herrera 1300 - 17 00 Pastos y Forrajes Visita al campo Dr Herrera Marzo 16 800 - 12 00 Control de Artr6podos en ganado vacuno Dr F UrIbe 1300 - 17 00 Leyes Laborales Dr De la Peña Mar,lO 17 800 - 1200 Aspectos toxlCo16glCo8 de qufIDlcos Dr Guerra agrícolas 1300 - 17 00 Cirugía Dr Mullenax Marzo 18 800 - 12 00 Ecología Drs Hern1índez Heller Trapido y otros 1300 - 17 00 Ecología VlsIta al campo Drs Hernández y otros Marzo 19 Conferencla Espemal Marzo 20 800 - 12 00 Clrugfa Dr Mullenax 1300 - 17 00 Exá.menes - 3 - FECHA HORAS TEMA NOMBRE DEL --- CONFERENCISTA Marzo 21 800 - 10 00 lnmumzaCl6n de los Tramees Dr Medma 10 00 - 12 00 HIgIene personal Dr Medma Marzo 23 800 - 12 00 Salud humana Dr Agu¡rre y otros 13 00 - 17 00 ManejO de anlmales Dr Mullenax Marzo 24 800 - 10 00 Patologl'a Dr Roberts 10 00 - 12 00 Toxlcología Drs Mullenax Roberts 1300 - 17 00 NecropsIa Dr Roberts Marzo 25 800 - 12 00 Eximen 1300 - 17 00 DiscusIón del ExlI.men Marzo 26 VacaClón 29 Marzo 30 Dras de estudIo para ExlI.men de post- 31 entrenamIento y VIaje a Monterra Abril 1-4 800 - 12 00 Eximen de post-entrenamIento en Monterfa 13 00 - 15 00 Eximen de post-entrenamIento en Montería BIBLIOTECA Nombre 1 Acosta, O 2 Adams, L G ~ Alvarez, E 4 Alvarez, M 5 Andersen, P P 6 Bloch, T A '[ Byrnes, F e 8 Cortes, Joaquín LISlh. ~L ;:'~ld .r.n}<,N(;!STAS SerIe de Conferenclas y DIscuslOnes Enero-Marzo de 1970 CIAT - PEEPP - XII-69 Especlahdad MVZ, Lecbería Sarudad Anlmal Patología Vetermaria flemoparlÍSltos CIenclas Agrícolas MVZ, FIslOlogfa EducaCl6n EconOlnfa Agrfcola BIbhotecarlO EntrenamIento y ComUnICacIones AdmmlstramÓll, MVZ 9 Chaverra, H CienCIas Agrícolas, Pastos y Forrajes, lnvesbgaclOnes 10 Dommguez, H MVZ 11 lliarte, R Extens16n, Jefe de la DIVIS16n de Iesarrollo 12 Dunkelberg, G lngemerfa Agrfcola 13 Escobar, Gustavo MVZ, Ganado dc Carne 14 Escobar, Llbardo Pastos y Forrajes AdmmlstraCl6n 15 EstUplñán, J Virología, MVZ DlrecCl6n Apdo 7984 lCA, Bogotlí. F Rockefeller Apdo 5813 (LIMV) , Bogot1i Apdo 67-1~ CLAT, Cah Apdo 7984 1 CA, Bogoto1 Apdo 67-13 CLAT, Cah CrAT, Cal! ClAT, Cah ICA, Villavl- cenclO ICA, Bogotlí. CLAT, Cah ICA, Bogotlí. ICA, PalmITa (U Nebraska) lCA. Palmlra ICA. Montería, Reg II lCA, LIMV, Apdo 583 Bogotá Teléfono 419012 447805/06 7619(,( 5B21J.l Ext 241: 761964 761964 419012 761964 419012 09-271-71 427790 09-271-71 447805/06 -2- Nombre Especlahdad 16 Frank, K D Ferühdad y Manejo de Suelos 17 Gallo, J NutrIción Producc16n PorcIDa DlreCC16n Umv Nebraska, Bogotli ICA, TlbaJtatli Teléfono 427790 419032/37 18 Gonzlilez, FOCl6n Producción Pecuana Ganado de Carne ICA, La Llbertad, Villa VlcenClO 19 Grant, U J 20 Hernandez, C J 21 Jobnson, L 22 Jonkers, D 23 Lobo, J C 24 Londoño, R 25 Mackenzle, R B 26 Maner, J 27 Mateus, G 28 Mullenax, C H 29 Noreño, J G 30 Owens, P 31 Paladmes, O 32 Parra, R D 33 Patiño, O Fltogenética Aduurustrac16n Naturahsta, B16logo, Ecologista Ingemerla Agrfcola M D , Vlr61ogo MVZ, Vir6logo Aftosa MVZ, Ganadería, Aduurustrac16n M D , Epldenuologo, Vir61ogo NutnCl6n, Produccl6n Porcma MVZ, ParasItología DVM, Produccl6n Pecuarla MVZ, Epidemiologo Ingenierla Sanitana AVicultura Pastos y Forrajes MVZ, Sub-gerente técnico MVZ, Nutric16n, Ganado de Carne ClAT, Call INDERENA, Bogot! CIAT, Call ClA T, (LIMV) , Apdo 583 BogotA ICA, (LIMV) , Apdo 583 BogotA Facultad de Med Vet U de Anuo- quIa, Medellfn ClA T, (LIMV) , Apdo 583 Bogotli ClAT, Cal! ICA, (LIMV) , Apdo 583 BogotA elAT, Cali Facultad de Med Vet , U Anuo- qula, Medellfn 761964 813530 Ext 31 761964 447805/06 447805/06 334423 447805/06 761964 447805/06 761964 334423 R F ,U del Valle 541746 Cal! Apdo 67-13 ClAT, Cal! Fedegan, Bogotli ICA, TibaltatA 761964 345114 419032/37 Nombre 34 Peterson, N 35 Plazas, L E 36 Quintero, H 37 Raun, N S 38 Roberta, E D 39 Rubio, R 40 Rush, 1 41 Sanmartm, e 42 Sar:rmento, H 43 Serrano, A 44 SIlva, H 45 Spam, J 46 Stíefken, e 47 Stonaker, H H 48 Thompson, R 49 Toro, J C 50 Torres, M J 51 Trall, T -3- EspeCIalIdad MamalogCa, ManejO de Vida silves- tre, Ecologlsta Ganadero, Práctico en Ganaderla Ganadero Nutncl6n, Ganado de Carne DVM, Patologfa Forrajes Extenl1l6n y ComuniCaClón Pecuaria M D Vlrólogo, Epidem16logo Economfa Agrfcola y Mercadeo MVZ, Ganado de leche MotOrista, mec§.nica Suelos MVZ, FertilIdad y reproducci6n Genética y seleccl6n de ganado AgrOnomo ProduccIOn de cosechas AgrOnomo Ad:rmnlstraCl6n MVZ, MICrobIOlogfa, Higiene de Alimentos Soctologfa Rural, PrOduCCl6n DlreCClOn Facultad de Med Vet , U Antio- qtlla, Medellfn VllIaVIcenClo Teléfono 334423 Bogotá 3&2854 Apdo 67-13 761964 CIAT, Cali CIAT, CalJ 761964 lCA, Pal:rmra 09-271-71 U Nebraska, 427790 Apdo 12031 Bogoti\ Sac de Medicina 561151 U del Valle Banco Ganadero 349560 USAID, Bogotli ICA, TurtpanA Apdo 67-13 761964 CIAT, Cal! CIAT, Call 761964 Fac de Med Vet 542794 Uruv NaCIOnal Apdo 583 Bogotá 443320 Umv Nebraska 427790 Apdo 12031 Bogotft CIAT, Cal! 761964 CIAT, Cah 761964 Fac de Med Vet, Umv Naciooal 442799 Apdo 583 Bogotá Uruv Nebraska 427790 Apdo 12031 Bogot!l. , -4- Nombre ESpOOlalidad D!recc1OO Teléfono 52 Trant, G Economl'a Agrícola Apdo 67 -¡::I 581282 ClAT, Cali 53 Trapldo, H BIOlogía, Entomología, Eplde- Fac de Med 561151 miologfa Univ del Valle 54 Vergan, J Producc16n PecuarIa, Admmistra- lCA, Monterfa, 427790 ciOO Reg TI, Uruv de Nebraska Apdo 12031 Bogott 55 Warren, A ProducciOn Avícola lCA, Palmira 09-271-71 56 Waugh, R Ciencias AnImales Administraci6n Fundaci6nRocke- 418848 feller, Bogotll 57 Willrus, J DVM, Epldemiologo, ProducciOO Apdo 67-13 76]964 PecuarIa ClAT, Cali 58 Yuill, T Vlrl>logo, Ecologista Fac de Med Vet , 334423 Unlv de Antio- qUl&, Medellfil 59 Vera, T DVM, Microbiología Univ de Nebraska 427790 (LIMV) , 447805/06 Apdo 12031 Bogott Nombre 1 AguIrre, A 2 Barbosa, A 3 Barrera, J 4 D' Alessandro, A 5 De la Peña, F 6 García, F 7 Gómez, J 8 Guerra, A 9 Heller, H 10 Lehmann, C 11 LlDares, F 12 Medina, P 13 Pradllla, A 14 Unbe, L 15 Zuluaga, H USTA DE CONFERENCISTAS (SUPLEMENTARIA) SerIe de Conferencias y DISCUSiones Enero-Marzo de 1970 CIAT - PEEPP - XII - 69 EspeCialidad DireCCión MD Facultad de MedlCIna U del Valle, Cah Abogado Incora, PalmIra MVZ CIAT, PalmIra MD Facultad de MediCIna U de] Valle, Call Abogado Bogot§. MVZ CIA T, PalmIra Metere6logo ICA, Palnu ra M D , Farmacólogo Facultad de MediCIna U del Valle, Cah ComerCIante Proeolma Ltda , Narrño Biólogo, Ecólogo Museo Blstona Natural, Cal! M D, NutnClOnIsta Facultad de MediCIna U del Valle, Call M D, MlCroblólogo Facultad de MediCIna U del Valle, Cah MD , Nutn ClOlll sta Facultad de Medicma U del Valle, Cah MV Z Cooper McDougall y Robertson Ltda , Cah Contablhsta CrAT, Cali Teléfono 682207 561151 490412 27171 511111 891634 581288 511111 581288 811553 761964 CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE AGRICULTURA TROPICAL PRO'lF.CTO DE ENTR.ENAH.IENTO DE ESPECIALISTAS EN PRODUCCION PECUARIA CIAT-PEEPP-CHM-XII-69 ESQUEMA PROVISIONAL DEL HORARIO DEL PRIMER CURSO Enero de 1970 - Junio de 1971 1 Ortentae16n de "TraLnees" (7-9 enero, 1970) A Presentaci6n del personal del CIAr B. Entrega del Manual de Orientaci6n y Procedimiento Administrativo del CIAT e Gira de Orientaci6n o OrientaciÓn al Proyecto y al Trabajo 1 Horario del proyecto 2 F110sofla y metas 3 Expectativas y esperanzas de los trainees y del CIAr 4 Suministro y entrega de equipos 11 Exámenes de Evalusc:l.6n antes del Entrenamiento (10-13 enero, 1910) A Escrito B Práctico C. 8:1.c01681co y de Aptitud 111 Conferencias formalas, Discusiones en Mesa Redonda. Trabajos Prácti- cos y de Laboratorl0,(14 enero - 31 marzo, 1970} - 2 - IV Orientaci6n al Sido de Trabajo Definitivo (Costa Atlántica) y Encuesta de la Zona {1-15 abril, 1970} V. Aplicación de Programas para Mejorar la Producción en las Haciendas Colaboradoras, Seminarios quincenales (16 abril 1970 - 30 abril, 1971) VI Análisis de Datos, Evaluación del Proyecto e Informe Final (1-31 mayo, 1971) VII Exámenes Finales y Acta de Terminación (1-15 junio, 1971) r FACTOR S FUNDAMENTAL TO SUCCESSFUL LIVESTOCK P~ODUCTION (Prov1s1onal Out11ne) The vLabl1Lty oí any enterprise depends upon lts successful interactlon or lntegratlon with the physical and soc1al envlronments ln which lt operates Reduced vlabllity or demlse of the enterprise 15 the regult ot adaptive fallure or rejectlon by the environment 1 EnvLrofu~ntal Factora A PhYSLcal B SoclopolltlCdl and Cultural e EconomlC D Technological 11 Ma~agement Pactors 111 Product1on Pactors IV Applled ~esearch ln the App11catlon of N¿t¡ Technology ·2· 1 Env1ron cntal Factors A Pll.ysical B 1 Cl1mate 2 5011s 3 Natural Resources Soc10polltlcal and Cultural 1 Human ~esources a Labor 2 Infrastructure a Transportatlon b Input Sources e Market1ng System d Techm.cal Assl.stance 3 7and Tenure and Extensl.on C EconomlC 1 Markets and Marketlng a Local b Natl.onal e Internatlonal - 3 - 2 CredH a Sources and avallabl1~ty 3 Taxatl.on D Technological and Educatl.onal 1 Assl.stance 2 Local Research 3 Extens10n SerVl.ce 4 Contl.nuing Educatl.on 11 l1anagernent Factors A 1 Operacional Organ~zat10n " PhYS1cal facl.litl.es b Work Schedule c ~ecord Keepl.ng and Operatl.onal Analyses d LogistlCS and Input Selectl.on 2 Personnel Manage~ent a Workl.ng Condl.tl.ons (1) Salanes (2) Incentl.ves (3) Housl.ng (4) Health (5) Nutritl.on - 4 -- b PsychosocLal ManLpulatlon c Educat 1.on d Industrl.al Safety e Farnl.ly PIannLng B Technical PrOflCl.ency 1 Crop Selcct1.on (bread, type, varlety) 2 Land Use and Management 3 Selectlon, Use and tfaintenance of Too1s 4 Crop Production, Mlxed Far'lll. ng 5 Crop (Ll.vestock) Handl1ng, Care and 'fanegemeat C Economic PrOfl.Cleney 111 Productlon Factors A Basic Product10n SysteM (~nagement) 1 Selectl.on of Seed Stoe', a Genet l.C S , select1on, breedl.ng 2 Fertl.l1.ty and Reproduction a Artl.flclal l.nSemlnatlon - 5 - b Reproductlve diseases e Fertl1ity testing 3 Nutr1tlon aPastures and Forages b Supplernents e MLnerals 4 Anlmal Health a PreventLve Medlcine b EpLdenlology C Dlagnosllcs d Therapeutlcs B Efhcwncj oí ProductlOn (Flnuhed Product) 1 Natallty 2 Morbld1ty - Mortallty 3 Growth ~at~n and Feed ConverSl0n Efflclency a Energy calculatlons and heat exchange 4 Economic conslderatlons ln selectlon oí flnlshed product IV Applied Research in the Appllcatlon of New Technology A B SClontlflC Method Ecology e EpldemLology D Data Acquisltion, Storage & Analysls SUBJECT MATTER OUTLINE FO.l LECTURE ANO DISCUS3tON SERIES * (P¡·.OVtSlONAL) LIVr:STOCK NOOUCTlON SPECIALIST TMINING P'{OJECT CIAT - LPSTP-CllM - XI-69 1 VETERINAl,Y MEDICINE (ANIMAL H..ALT'Ii) Ir LIVr:STOCK MANAGEMENT (ANIl1AL HUSBANO¡f{) 1I 1 hANCH MANAGCMENT IV PEPSONNEL MANAGEMENT V NUT&ITION, FEEDS ANO FEEDING VI CRQPS, PASTtR::::S. ANO FORAGES VII SOILS ANALYSES. PREPARATION, UTILIZATION. CONSE~vATION VIII AGltICULTUML ENGINEERING IX AGl'ICULTU~L ECONOMICS, llAr..Kr.'"'TING, C,{EDIT UTILIZATION X AGRICULTURAL Or:VELOPMENT XI BCOLOGY AND NATUPJlL RESOUFCE UTILIZATION XII SCIENTIFIC METMOD AND fESEARCH * A guide ta course orientation dnd presentation and to pre-and post-train1ng exam1nation and evaluat1cn oí tra1nees • - 2 - I Vr:rr:UNA!\Y MEDICINE (ANIMAL HEALTH) A Dlagnostics 1 Pathology a Gross (macro) (1) Necropsy techniques - Interpretatl0ns (2) Sample collectlon and submission b Micro (Histologic) c Cllnlcal Fathology 2 PhyS10logy - Physlopathology a Enzyme and organ functlon 3 Microb10 logy s b Bacterlology Virology c Protozoology 4 Serology - Inmunology 5 Psrasltology d e Mycology Hemoparasltes 6 TOXlcology. non-lnfectlous dlseases 7 Epidemiology (outbreak lnvestlgatlon) B Preventlve Medicine and Herd Health (Prophylaxls} e Therspeutlcs and Surgery D Phsrmacology E Nutritlon snd Deflclency Disesses F Fertllity snd Reproductl0n - 3 - G VeterLnsry EconomLcs sud Pecord Keoplng H EpLdem101ogy, Dlsease Surveillance, snd Zoonoses, Dlsease Control and Eradlcation 1 Dats acquisLtlon, Storage, netrleval, Data Analysis, Statistical Concepts J f-eportlng Systems K Literature, Use of Library, Bibllographies, Scientiflc Reportlng L Means and Need for Orientlng Professlon to Needs ei Society (Professl0nsl Responsibility snd RtblCS) M Fccd Hygiene. Processlug, Mest lnspectlon 11 LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT (ANIMAL HUSBANDRY) A Spec1es snd breed selection (lncludlng feral specles) B Nutrltlonal reglmes, feeds and feedlng e Fertll1ty, breeding, reproductlon D Genetic selection, productlon testlng E Anllnsl ld -htl ficat:lOn aud record keeping F Animal health snd preventlve mediclne G Animal Physiology as a determlnant Ln 1 NutrLtional reglme 2 Management system 3 CapLtal investment - 4 - H Animal I'sychology and behav10ur 1 Nov1ng, handl1ng 2 Physical restraint 1 Growth curves, ratea of gain, production eff1c1ency J Live and carcass grading , III RANCH MANAGEMENT A EvaluatLon of envlronmental factors and resources 1 Agrocllruatlc (PhYSlcal) 2 Eéonomlc, marketLng 3 Sociopolltlcal, labor supply 4 TechnologLc, Lnputs, infrastructure 5 Ecologic B Record keeping systems C ProductLon systero selectLon, efílclency analysLS 1 SLngle crop vs mlxed farming 2 Degree of f1nLsh (quallty) of product marketed D Labor needs, aelectLon, capacLcatLon E Mechan1zatLon, automatlon (cost-benefLt) F UtilizatLon of secondary or non-agrl~ultural resources G Capital Lnvestment, depreciation, opersting costs 1 Physical facLlLtLes, layout, materLals 2 Production unLts (lLvestock, etc ) - 5 - H Land evaluatlon and real estate nppralsal, water and resources rights 1 Texes and taxatton IV PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT A Salarles and perqulsites B Housing and llvlng condltions e Educatlonal facll1tles D Literacy incentives, capacitatlon, Job doscriptl0n ~ Performance incentives (productlon incentives) F Psychology of interpersonal relationships and personnel gUldance and discipllne, communication G Health and nutritlon, sanltation H Pecreatlonal, cultural, and socla1 aspects 1 Work force hlerarchy and organlzation, cohesiveness J Advancement opportunlties and lndependence of a~tion. reallzati0n of potentlal and asplratl0ns K Sense of unlty and common goal, esprit 'de corps' L Industrlal and farm safety 11 Labor laws, unionism V ANIMAL NUTRITION, FEEDS AND FEEDING A Age - sex nutritional requirements B Nutritlonal requuements for opt1mal reproduct1vc perform¿¡rcc growth performance - 6 - C Trace element requlrements, blGchemlCal functlons D Reat lncrement and apeclflc hest of dlgestlon of varlOus feed stuffs as relatad to animal performance ln the tropics E Optlmal nutrltlonal statos for llfe-tlme productlvlty F Salt and mlnerals, urea G Taste, paIdtabillty, dlgestlblllty as a functlon in faed selectlon H Rumlnant phYS10logy as lt lnfluonces rumlnant nutrltion and productlon, rumlnant mlcroblology 1 Influence of dlsease and parasitlsM on nutrltl0nal efflciency J Feedstuffs ana by-products (local supply and cost) K Balancing and formulatlon of ratlons L Feeds and forage analysls VI CRors, FASTU~ES, AND FORACES A Logical and profltable mlxed farmlng comblnations B Adapted and natlva pIant SpaClaS (troplcs), selection C Ecologically sound cropping pattorns ln the tropics D Vertlc~11y dlfferentlated cropplng patterns and energy capture and utllizatlon ln the humld troplcs (mlxed farm1ng, speC1es select10n) E Pasturc apecies, the1r character1stics requirements, and management - 7 - F Stoc!ung rates and dry l'latter/am.mal produ<:t1.on G Pasthre rotation systems - thelr effect on forage productl.on, anl.mal nutr1tl.On and product10n, and on varaslte control H Fert111zer and fertl.ll.zat10n, cost-benefl.t 1 Green chop, 51.1a8e and hay product10n, harvestlng, preparatl.on, storage and ut111zation J Forage - 5011 relatlonshl.ps K Seed productl.on-alternatlve L P01sonous plants M Phytopathulogy 1 Vuus 2 Fungus and molds 3 Par!lSltes VII 801L3 ANALYSES, P!{EPARATICd lJTILtZATION, ~IANI\GEMENT AND CONSERVATlON A S011 chemlstry ln lnterpretlng analyses B So11 samp11ng tochnlques e S011 analyses, lnf1uence of method on results D C11mat1<: and ge010g1c 1nfluences, 5011 or1g1ns E Plant response as clue to s011 condltl0n úr deflc~euey F Methods, teehn~ques sud maehLucs for seedbed preparat10n, relatlon to erop, cllmate aad season G FertL11zers and fert11Lzat10n, protect1ng fert111ty VIII • 8 • 1 Cust/beneflt, pIant utlllzatlon, oXldatlon and le"lchll1g los s 2 System of aQpIlcution (especlully for N2) 3 Sources H Crop rotatlon 1 \hnd and water erOBl.On control J Role of microorgunlsms ln sOll condltlon and fertlllty, cornmensallsM, SymbloS1S K Levelllng, drulnlng, lrrlgatlng, contours L 111croelemeot cycllog nnd prescrvatlon M SOll·borne plunt puthogens .nd paraSltes, nematodes N SOlls clasSlb.cat10n, ''''pplng O ¡hter atorage und conservalaon ln SOJ.1S AGRICULTUBAL ENGINEE{ING A Motorlzed equlpment and vehic1es 1 Malntenance 2 Operatloo B Agrlcultural J.mplements and mochlnery 1 M,nntcnancc 2 Operatlon e PhYSlcal faCllltles constructlon methods 1 Carpentry - 9 - 2 Cement and concrete 3 Electr~cal ~nstallat~')ns 4 Mech~nlcs and phys~cs 5 Plurunng, water, sanI.tatlon 6 1 2 Metal worklng, Sources Handhng 3 Preservatlon wE.Idlng 4 5 Durablllty Stress and load factors E Road bUlldlng and stabllizatlon F Land levell~ng, contourlng, dralnage, lrrlgatlon G Structure deslgn, l~yout, use fIow ?atterns H Aerlal phJtogrdphy (Black ~nd Whlte, lnfrared) 1 Potent~al uses 2 lnterpretatlon 1 To?ography, surveylng, contour ffidpS J Meteorology and equlpment used 1 Altlmcter 2 Barome.ter 3 Mln-max thermorneter 4 ~aln gauges 5 Wl.nd meters 6 Solar energy ,"easure (Llght lntenslty) - 10 - IX AGRICULTUnAL ECONOMICS, MARKETING, GlEDIT UTILIZATION A EconomLc enVlronment 1 Demand for and market prlce of commodity 2 Subsld1es and prlce supports 3 Commodlty quahty and prlce, suüab11ity to market 4 Marketl.ng system and market stabl.l1ty, protecl:l.on 5 Credl.t avallabllity and benef1t to returns 6 lnternal va export market factora, trade barrl.ers B Productl.on efficl.ency 1 Slngle or multl.ple commodl.ty system 2 Stage of product development when marketed 3 Labor deployrnent and mechan1zatl.On 4 Returns to cap1tal lnvestment e Input ava11abill.ty and costs (cost/benef1t ratlo), 1nfra- structure D Credlt, natlonal po11cles and 1nstltutlons 1 COSI: (lnterest, restrlct10ns on use, apport:l.Onrnent) 2 Utl.ll.zation pr10r1tl.eS 3 Benef1ts to alternatl.ve uses E Hethods 1n econom1CS F Cooperatlvlsm and cooperatl.ves - 11 - x AG'UCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTION) SHORT TERM BENEFITS VS LONG-TE,,J1 I11PLICATIONS A Commodlty selectl0n based 00 (long and short-term) 1 Internatl.onal lar' et, trade barr1ers 1 2 Local market. present or potent1al 3 Appropr1ateoess of commod1ty and its requl.red prOductl0n system to a Local ecosystem or enVlronment b Local 1nfrastructure, l.nput ava~labl11ty e Social, cultural, pol~tical, econOiülC factors d Technology, local and forel.gn e Human need 4 Cap1tal lnput requlrements and return to lnvestment 5 EconomlC geography and ecology B Dl.SSem1oat10o of technolog) (Extens10n and cornrnun1cation methods) adapted to local cond1tlons 1 Rural 50clOlogy a Identlflcatl0n of (1) Communlty and sub-group leaders (2) :arly-adapters (3) Cooperators-collaboratorú b IntervleWQ and data aCquls~tlon c Measurement of chdnge and 1ts 1mpact (1) SOC 1al (2) ECOOOflic - 12 - 2 SUPi'lant~ng vId systerns nth ne" systerns and technology a Extens10n methods ~ppropr~ate to enV1ronment b Teach1ng technlques (1) Informal, on the Jvb trulnlng methods (2) Short courses, lectures, sem:Lnurs (3) Field days and del1onstratlons j (4) Visual alds, preparatlon and use c Instltutlonal (pollcy) reforms (Natlonal level' d Producer lncent~ves ~ Perforn~nCe of systems (operational, pconomlC, etc) analyses D Integrat~on of agrlcultural producécS and support1ng lndustrles (symbíoS1S) and serV1Ces E Markets and marketlng - aSSlstlng producer ln reallzlng maxÍlnum return (ploduc~r lncentlve) F Cultural beneflts to ?rcducer - valld use of lncreased lncome G Oemography and ltS lmpllsatlons, agraTlan reform XI ECOLOGY ANO NATURAL R~,OURC~ UTILIZATI¡N A Agrlcultural 1 Select~on, adaptatlon "nd lmprovement of natlve species 2 Rarvest of vlrglu ecosystem produce a Detr1.t s - fermentatlon, C'onJerS10n, etc t b Lumber e Frult and vegetable ~roduce d Fl.ber - 13 - 3 Manage"11ent systuns for natl"e ecosystem a Hydroponl.cs b Caged flSh culture e Vegetable qatter productlon d Wlldl1fe man~gement B Non-Agricultural 1 Hineral resourc(.s a C0nstructlon materlals (sand, grave] rack) 2 Hydrologlc resources a Hydroelectrlc power (REA) b Water conservatlon C HOldrldge system - Impllcatlons ln ~roplcal agrlculture and troplcal urban development D Basic princlples of ecology, org~nlzatlonal coneepts, energy· material flo\<, stablllcy XII SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND l'ESr:AllCH A Fúrmulatlon of hypotheses B SClentlflc mechad far testlng hypotheses C SClentlflc obJectlVl.ty D Research deslgn and control (flexl.billty) 1 Basl.c 2 Apphed E Data acqulsl.tion, storage, and retrl.eval, vall.d data - 14 - F Data analys1s, statisttcal method G Select1ng pert1nent research top~cs H Evaluat10n of research d,ta and reports, ass1milation and integrat1:ln 1nto productL<)Q systems (technology) 1 App11ed research 1n 1 Problem 1dent1f1cat10n 2 Problem def1n1t10n 3 Problem resolut10n 4 Applicat10n of technology J Developrnent of powers of observat1on, serend1p1ty 1 SubJect1ve error 1n lnterpretnt10n 2 Tunnel V1S1on K Role of 1mag1n4tlon ln research L The 1mportance Di deta1l and detailed record keep1ng, how to keep records l{ Mechan1cal systems and cornput8rs N Library research. technical report WT1t1ng, b1b11ography preparat10n '" A 6713 'T"::L 76 '964 CAl.I .. COLOMBtA PT1CJECT DESCRIPTION Apnl 24, 1969 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SPECIALIST TPAINING plOJEeT INT"ODUCTION DescrJ.bed hereJ.n J.S a t"o year proJect to develon and test sn J.ntensJ.ve learn-by-dol.ng a1'proach for 1'r8p"r1ng 11vestQCT< productJ.on specia11sts to work effect1vely 10 the lo~laod tropJ.cs The proJect desJ.gn provides for the development oí a eore staff, mater1als, aud gU1de11nes for contJ.nuing such a progran beyond the inl.t1al proJact period by one Or mere yelevant nat10nal J.nst1tutLons or agencies J.f such actLOn 18 1ndJ.cated 'L ;¡y . . JU ~ ~ICATION ProJect1ons of food needa for che 1mmerl1ate future dr~nat1cally ll1ustrate the tre~odous J.ocreases needed 10 cereals, pulses, and anJ.mal products to supply rather modest dai1y foed intakes tor the ant1c1nated populatJ.on For J.nstance, meetlng the estlmated food neede Ln the year 2000 wl11 requlre Lncreases ln foed productl0n, over 1960, of anlrna1 products 485 percent, of pulses 275 percent, and oí cereals tiY percent ObvLously, the premlUm w1.11 be on proteln product1.on Equally l.mportant w111 be concertcd cfforts, nat1.onal and lnternatlonal, to st1.mulate econom1.C grol,th, to generate foreJ.gn exchange, and 10 other ways to lnerease the lncoma aod the purchas1ng power of Che m11110n5 of hungry people Fortunately, there are in che lowland tropJ.cs vast areas of land elther poorly used for livestock ~roduct1on or presently unused These areas, 1.f 1'roperly ITk~naged by competent techn1.ClanS and farners, could contribute s1gn:tficantly to the world proteln supply and the natlonal econotues of the develop1.ng nations Less than 40 percent of che area potent1ally sU1table far rals1ng foed eropa l.n Lat1n Ámerlca 1$ presently under cult1.vat1on Tne remalnJ.ng 60 percent (~1ch representa approYlmately 8 percent of tbe total land area) 19 pr1nclpally ln 11vestock productlon At least JO percent of tbe product1ve or potentlally productlve land 1n Latln Amer1ca 1$ sUltable only for pastura Thus, the lands actually ln usa or potentlcl1y suitable only for 11vestock product10n represent about - 2 - 40 percent of the total land are a low wlth ldle o, vnder utlllzed land sorne countrles ~2) The utl11zatl0n rate oí thlS land 1$ reachlng 60 pereent of the total ln lt 15 estlmated that the appl1catl0n of lmproved teehnology to eXlstlng l1vestock enterprlses would, ln the snort term, lncrease production by 300 percent The long terrn potentlal, reallzed ln p1rt by brlnglng idle lands lnto use, lS estlrnated at 10 to 20 tlmes aboye prc&ent pro- ductlon levels (3) Tne prInclpal factors wnlch llmlt 11vestock productlon in Latln AmerIca today are poor management, malnutrltlon, parasltlsm and, to a les ser extent, lnf~ctlouS dlseases, or ln a word, the fallure to adapt and use avallable technology It has been demonstr1ted, on a srnall scale, that the maJor .Lty of the llvestock productlon problema can be resolved economlcally by adaptlng and apply1ng eX1stlng technology uud management techn1ques ThlS process requ1res capable generallsts (L1vestock Product1on Specla11sts) ~ork1ng ln the f1eld d1rectly w1th producers (4) The genera11st, as envlsioned here and as contrasted to the usual extens10n worker, lB an 1ndlVldual eapable of applylng productlon packages snd corductlng pract1cal research (problem deflnlt10n ana resolutlon) on subJcct matter not sufflc1ently advanced to be 1ncluded ln tne productl0n packagL The general 1St lB a brldge between the spcclallst and the producer, but today there are few Buch generallsts Those worklng mast lntlmately ln the fleid recognlze the urgent need for a soundly orlented and practlc.nl tralnlng program for "peo~le con- cerned wlth total agrlcultural development as a professlon " ( ) OBJECTIVES A ProJect ObJectlves 1 To develop and test, through an "on-the-Job" approach, .nn efflClent system for preparlng generallbt-speclallsts ln l1vestock productlon snd management ln the lowland troplcS, wlth partlcular conslderat10n to the tran&ferabll1ty and adaptab~11ty of the format and approach to a var1ety of cond1t10ns and 10cat1ons - 3 - To tra1n a llmLted number of generallsts, plus others capable of traLnLng generalLsts, so that progress may be accelerated toward meetlng the needs ln Latln luuerlca for persons wLth such capabllltles 3 To deslgn and Lmplement productlon lmprovement programa On spec1flc cooperatLng farms where the tralnlng actlvltLes are based, and, at the same tlme, to help the owners and employees on these ferms lcarn the technlques necessary to sustaln the lmproved productloo levals By so dOlng, these farms wlll demonstrate the potent1al for Lncreaslng produetlon on other farms ln the area and provlde an effectlve base for fleld ddyS and short courses 4 To collaborate wtth spec1allsts 10 oLher programs, Le, aOLmBl sctenees snd heaIth, pIant sCLences, economics, engloeerlng, eec , 10 the evaluatLon oi comprehenslve l1vestock production and marketing packages 5 To assess the feaB~bLILty of 1ncorporat1ng BUen product10n Lmprovement programa ~nto reg10nal tn.al or developmellt proJects 1n cooperat10n wlth other agenc1es 6 To determ1ne the cost-benefLt rQt10 (or returo to 1ovestmeot) 00 1ntensLve techn1cal aSslstance at the producer level, such as contempl~ted 1n thLS proJect, and, by extrapolat1on, at the natLooal level B TrsLnLng ObJectLves Broad communLcatnn and applLcatLon gaps eX1st between research, plannlng, and productLoo groups w~th respect to the lLvestock Lndustry Ln LatLn ArnerLca There are serLOuS technLcal, economLc, and socLal problems, all of these compounded by def1c1enc1es Ln the qualLty and quaqtLty of avaLlable educat10nal opportunLtLes !he sLtuatLon demanda a generulLst LO 11véstock productLon and management who can ldent1fy und 1ntegrate the varLOUS factors Lnflu- encLng productLon aod make productLon p~ckages readLly avu11able to farmers and ranchers Such a general~st-spec1alLst must have or acqu1re through tra1~ng - 4 - and experLence a set of complementary competenCles 1 TechnLcal co~petency, or the level of the knowledge and understandLng, relevant to the eropa or lLvestock the farmer produces, the productLon practLces involved, and the phYSLcal 80Vlronment ln ~hlCh the productl0n takes place ThlS 1n- eludes, but 18 not l1mlted to, the ablllty to dlagnose typlcal problems and abnormalltles correctly, plus knowledge and understand1ng of che appllcatlon of proper treatments 2 Economlcs competency, or the abl11ty to welgh (e g calculate cost-benef:tt rat1.os, l.nterest, etc) alternatlve fari production munagement dnd product co.~ercl.all.Zatlon strategles This l.ncludes, but 18 not llmlted to, dctermlnatLon of th.t strategy whlCh a MlnlMLzes costs ln the productLon of crop aod/or livestock ylelds that are sign~fLcantly greater than those oDtained by the far~r uS1ng h1S present pract1ce and ~ts assoclated input costs, and b Max1rtl1Zes productloo commerclalLZatlon profLts sufhclently Chat net return (balance to the farner after payrnent of 1nput costs) are slgnlflcantly larger than those obtained by the farmer uSlng hlS present ~ractlce and lts assoclated lnput costs 3 SClentlflc competency, or the ablllty to conduct a slMPle, repllcable fleld experlment WhlCh obJectively tests (ln a mLcro- envlroomeot Slmllar, lf not l.dentlcal, to the farmer' s mlcro- envlronment) that employmeot of the 1nnovatlon has as Lts rewarcl (polnta 2a aod b, lLsted above) and 1dent1f1es factors WhlCh may requlre adaptation to the enVlroornent 4 Farnlog cO"lpetency, or the >1l.111ogness and 81,111 to perforM the range of physlcal tasks lnvolved ln produclng a speclflc crop or anlmal ThiS Lncludes, but lS not limitad to, the ablllty to parform the range of physical tasks ~lthin the eXlsllng competency of the fnrrner 'Also, as mechanlzatlon ~dvances, he rnust have the relevant knowledge, understandlng, and skill ln the operatlon and maLntenance of varl0US k1nds of rnotor-drlven !n~Chlnes and processes - 5 - 5 Conmunieat10n competeney, Or the abl.11ty to specify spee1hc behavl.oural ohjectl.ves for varlnus audl.ences. for example, farmers or tral.nee5 Th1S l.ncludes, hut 1.5 nnt 11.m1ted tn, understand1ng nf the value of feedback and ab1l1ty to obtal.n l.t, and the abl.11ty to plan, prepare, and present approprl.ate messages coos1.derl.ng che cultural, soc1s1, economlC, snd performance status oí the audl.ence lf he 1.8 to be successful 1.n h1.Q work ,,,1th farmera or future tra1nees, the ganeralist must be conf1dent 1n h1S owu ah1l1ties, be ded1csted to and oblect1ve in the pursu1t of development obJect1ves, and posaess a sense or urgeney lt 18 expeeted that he w1ll develop or acquire these att1tudes and orlentations as a by-produet oí the tra1.U1ng and through 1nteraetlou w1th sen10r staff members 1nvolved 1n hlS tral.nl.ng MATERIALS ANO METHODS A Program S1tes At least two dl.Sti'.et types of Sl.tes (geograph~c locntl.ons) deserve consl.deratl.on The fl.rst type ~s areas already 1mportnut as centers of l~vestock product10n where, w~th a minl.mum of Lechnlcal assLstance, l.mpreasl.ve gal.ns 10 productlon mlght be reallzed In these areas, because of the populatl.on dens1ty, cooperatlog ranches could be cxpeeted to l.ufluence posltlvely neLghborLng rsnches (multl.pller effect) In add1tlon, sueh areas are most 11kely to have the baslc necesbltles such n5 rnar\et aceesslbl1Lty , ccmmunlcatl.On, aud 10putS Such ao area would aIso offer an opportt.ul.ty to study che effeet D f 1ncreased productLvlty on the soe1.o-eCOnomle status of an ares The north eoast of COIOmbl~ lS au example of such an area The aceond t¡pe, WhLCh ml.ght be conSl.dered as a la ter proJect 18 an area lust belng brought luto produetDn Sueh nn srea challenges tralners (bulldl.ug from the ground up) and requlres abundant teehnlcal aSBlstance to avo1d errors in development and to aSs1st 10 the study and resolutlon oí unlquc problema Products of th1S type of tra1.nlng enV1.ronment would be vnluable l.n the development of larg~ land areas 1n the tropl.cs now l.dle - 6 - The Llanos of ColOlobla oLfer preclsely thIS o¡>portunlty Such practIcal conslderatlons as lOglstlcS and the posslbLlicy of rather lrnmedlatc resulcs dIctnte selccCLon of che fLrst 8lte In thIs proJect, the applled fleld tralnlng wlll be located in the north coastal reglon of Colombla, che baslc trainlng and orlentatlon wIll be earrled out at the CLAT far~ near PalmIra, uSlng the old "haclenda I on the property as a comblnation livlng quarters-classroo~ ThI8 farm, the nearby lCA Statlon at Palmira, and surroundlng ranches will serve as prellMlnary fleld labaratorles B Seleetlon of Collaborators 1 OfhcIal I:nt:Ltles A nunber of agencles (both natIonal and lnternatl.onal) Includlng lend~ng agencIes, research ~nstLtutLons, producer orga01zations, and development agenCl-e8 are likely partners ln tIna "roJect Such ant1cIes nust be depended upon for contlnuatLon of the proJett s~ould Lt prove useful In the 1nltl.al phascs of the progra!'1 Lt is consl.dered thae collabo,atl.on wLth lCA 18 most 1nd1cated and, as the fust step, would Lnvolve a cooperatIva program centered ae Montería and the Centro Nac10nal de Invest1gae1ones Agropecuarias llTur~pnnñff 2 Produecra Based on a llcl1ted survey of both che North Coust and the Llanos, approx1nately 50 percent of the ranchers are expected to be reCe?C1Ve to part~c1pat1on 1n the program From th1s group, se_eCCion would be mada 00 the basl.s of a Potentlal MUItIp11er effeet of che ranen and rancher, how ~C~ the rancher could Influeoce hiS neighbors b Presence of productlon and dl.sease proble~ re?resentatlve of the area e Need f('r and wLl11ngness te recelve techn1cal assl.$tance d Abll1ty to prov1de the :lnJ)uts necessary fer adequate ut1.1Izacl.on of technl.cal aSS1stance - 7 - e 5Lze of opcr¿t~o~ (lthough ~t 15 Lst1nated chat tne baBl.e un1l foe econOl'1C b",ef productlon 1S 500 cows, 1t wou1d be des1rable Lo work under local cond1t1ons w1th C Personnel at least tllree d1fferent s1zed oporatDns l.n order to gal.n more re11abIe lnfor~tl.on These are 50 to 250 head, 250 to 750 head, and 7~0 or ~ore hend) In agreemenc wlth present off1cwl po11cy regardl.ng remuner- nt10n for techn1cal ass~$tance, cooperat1ng ranch~rs ~y be expected to contr1bute a pLrcentage oí any 1ncrease 1n net prof1ts rebultlng fron aSS1$canCe reco~,ed through the proJect to an l.ndlcated nat10nal agency l F1eld Supervl.sors (Tra1ners) To the present t1~e, persons adequately prepared to serve as tral.ners havo not been 1dent1f1ed locally Thus, 1t w1l1 be necessary to ass1st or trd1n those selected to serve 1n th1S capae1ty lt 15 proposad that fLe1d superv1sors be prov1ded as follows Four ColombLsns, cons1st1ng of two an1Ma1 husbandrymen and two veter1n~r1ans, plus two veter1nar1ans or an1nal husbandrymen froro the UnLted Sta tes From sueh a group at least three, 1f not a11, m1ght be expeeted to serve the second yenr of the progra~ ~s tra1uers T~o of the Colomb1ans ~1ght be prov1ded by a eollaborat1ng ageney. sueh as leA Ln order that such agency h:lVe a nucleus for cont1nu1ng thl.s or a S1rlUar progra", l.f such should prove feas1ble The two North Amer1cans could prov1de gU1dance on sorne oi la test techn1cul advances, and ~pcc1al dl.5c1plLnes (e g , ep1dem1010gy), they could orLog fresh l.d~as and a d1fferent or1entat1on to bear on local proble~s The Colo:b1an counterparts, 1n turn, would or1ent t~e North A~r1cans to local cond1t10ns and problems CrLter1a for selcct1ng chese people would Lnclude practl.cal exper1cnce, spec1dl tral.n1ng pertl.nent to the program goa1s, deSLrG to work 1n th~ f1eld, abLl1ty lo teach and get along w1th people, and then undcrstand1ng of and agreemcnt wLth the proJect gouls - 8 - 2 Trainees A group of fLvc to ron traLnees LS antLcLpated, dependLng on the capabLILt1es of the fLeld superv1sors These would be aelected from recont anL~l husbandry or veterLnary graduates, (ldeally wlth rural backsrounds) desLrLng further tralu1ug lU applled fleld technlques Lncluding admLnLstratl0n, nanagement, productlon and lLvestoek health Iu addLtLou, they would be screened on the basia 01' eollege grades, personallty, and to the extent possLble, on their phLlosophy concernlng development 01' the llvestock industry At the co~letLon of theLr tralning, a slgnlflcant percentage of the tralnees would be capable of servlng Ln a contLnuatLon of the program as traLners, eLther under rhe ausplces of CIAT or sorne other agency D Plan of the l~or,< Phase one of th? tra1nlng proJect would be a slx-mo~th perLod devoted to these ~ctlvltles 1 Tra1.nee evnluat10r and or1entatl.on 2 ProvLsl0n oí lectures, semlnars and practlcal lralnlng utlllz1ng CIAT or collaborator faCLllt1es b overcone dcíLclcncles ln baS1C prepnratLon ~nd current technologlcnl concepts in such ureas as a Dlseasc control and health progra~s b Anlmal nutrltLon e Forage and fccd prúductIon, 50118 d LLve8tock selectLon, breedlng and produclLon e Agrlcultural eCO~O~lCS sud devcloproent f Ranch mapsgernent, personnel management g Agrlcu1tulal englneerl~g ~ Essent1als of human health and nutrLtlon L Co~~nlcatlon prIncLples and practlces, sud related concepts In soclcl SC1~nCe J The war on hunger - 9 - 3 ~elect10n of cooperat1ng ranchers, performance of comprehenslVe analysis of the operat10n of the ranches se1ected, and develop- ment oi a productLon Lmprovement program (PIP) for each ranch ln conference wLth the rancher and based on socla1, economlC and productl0n conSlderatlons Durlng the second phase oí the program, a perlod of 12 to 18 months, each tra1nee w111 be asslgned to one or more of the ranches selected, dependLng on ranch slze and tra1nee abi11ty, where, under the close gUldance oí the supervlsors, he w111 undertake to Lmplement the PlP lt 1$ ant1clpated that trnlnees wll1 11ve on the ranch or ranches asslgned then and wl11 partlclpate lntlmately ln the dal1y routine ln order to appreclate fully a11 aspects of the operatlon, to be able to plnpoLnt the 1ess obvious problems, to anGure compllance wLth the PIP, and to traLn ranch personnel When the PIP beglns to show results, the trainee wLll organLze fleld days, meet1ngs and/or short courses for the beneflt of ne1ghborlng ranches As hIs program becomes self sustalnlng on a glven ranch, and he has tIme a\81Iable, the traInee ~1ght asslst neIghbor1ng ranches Each traInee wIll Malnta1n complete and .ccurate records of the operation and operatlonal changes on the ranch or ranchers he serves as well as cost/beneflt flgureb In addlt1on, he wlll be expected to provLde data concernlng product1on and dlsease problems ln hlS area along w1th estImates of thelr econO~lC sign1flcance Weekly or b1-weekly sernLOars and dlScuSS10ns wl11 be held (wlth a11 traLnees and supervlsors oí a glven area attendlng) at a central 10cat1on to be proVlded by CIAT Indlv1dual presentatlons and group dlSCUSSlons ale consIderad esnent1al to broaden1ng and reflnlng the capabllltles of the tralnees (shared exper1ences) The same center w1ll serve for purposes of "rest and rehabllltat10n" as well as provldLng offlce, record storage, and data analysis facillties, and secretarlal SGrV1Ces E Program Evaluatlon For the presont, supervisors and trs1nees w1lI be evaluated befare, dur1ng, and after the tralning par10d on the basls of - 10 - 1 Standard test~ng procedures cover1ng the critkcal competencies to be acqu1red (as l~sted 1n the tra1nlng obJect~ves) 2 Performance or succesa ln a Conferenees and sernlnars b ApplYl.ng PIP' s on assl.goed ranches e Organl.Zlng ,nd conductlng fleld days, short courses, producer conferences, etc d Collectlng, organlzlog, evaluatlng and presentlng dsta 3 Demonstratlon of lnltlctlve, resourcefulness, ingenu1ty, lmaglnatlon, and responslblllty 4 Personal rapport ,,fth eo-workers and collaborators The overa11 proJect wlll be evaluated 00 the basis of l Measured lmprovement of tralnees 2 Impact and acceptance oí tralnees and PIP by ranchers 3 Mensured 1mprovement Ln productlon and net proflts of cooperat1ng ranches 4 Total cost of techn1eal aSslstance phase of the proJect as compared wlth real or potentlal return applled on large scale 5 Rate of dlffuslon and appllcatlon of l~roved technology on nelghboring ranches • 6 Demand by cooperators and prospectlve employers for services of traLnees upon completlon of the tralnlng perlod 7 Degree to and duratlon for WhlCh ranchers spontaneously contlnue to use l~roved methods after termlnatlon of dlrect partlclpatlon of the proJect on thelr ranches 8 Degree and duratl0n oí retentlon and appllcatlon of technlques and ~ethods acqulred by ranch personnel after terrnlnatlon of proJ€ct partlclpatl0n on a given ranch - 11 - F Schedule oí ProJect ACtLVLtlOS 1 May 1 August 31, 1969 Recru1tmont and prelluLnary orientation of supervlsors and tralnees, preparatlon of tralning base for flrst perlod, development and productLon of plans and lnltlal materlds, coordLnatlon conferences with co11aboratlng agencies 2 Septenber 1 December 31, 1969 BaS1C preparatlon perlod, ot CIAT slte near Pa1mlra Inltlal testlng and evaluation of trainees ldentiflcatlon of cooperating ranch sLtes Move to horne and support base Ln north coastal regLon of Colombia 3 January 1, 1970 to Aprll 30, 1971 Supervlsed tralnlng and applled fLeld work on cooperating ranches PerLodlc semlnars, plus testlng and evaluatlon of tralnees Conferences wlth collaboratlng agencies for coordlnatlon, evaluatlon and development of futuro pIans Use of cooperatlng ranches or sltes for fLeld days and ahort courses 4 May 1 June 30. 1971 FLnal evaluat10n AssLst cooperatlng agencles W1th contlnuat10n of progran, 1f 1nd1cated Prepare reports and documentat1on to c1tculate to other countrLes and ageneLes G ProJect Adm1n1stratLon Th1s proJect A11l funct10n as a traLn1ng actlv1ty oí the Anlmal SC1ences D1v1s10n, CIAT, 1n cooperat10n w1th appropr1ate colluborat1ng agencLes The An1mal Scicnces D1VLS10n wlll be respons1ble for technLcal content and d1rect superv1s1on, w1th the Off1ce of TraLnLng and Communlcat10n, CIAT, prov1dLng 10g15tlC support and ass1stance on tralnLng and e,aluatLon methods and materLals !he proJect off1cer wlll be Dr Charles H Mullenax, D V M - 12 - REFERENCES 1 PhLIILps, Ralph W An1nal \grLculr,re and the World's ~ood Supply Internatl.onul Agrl.cultur ... Ser1L.s 6, Un1v¿rsLty oi M1nne"ota 2 Raun, N S Am.l"al SC1Glnt1st T~rou¡,hout t:he ¡'lotld, JrJ An SCl. Vol 21 #1, Jan 1968, ?ngcs 2ó7 to 272 3 Raun, N S Producc16n de Ganado de Carne en los L1.,nos Or1entales Agr1c Trop1cal 24 (10) 641-648, Oct 1968 4 Mullenax, CH. nnd Norman, B B Programa S1stemAtl.co para Resolver los Problenas de la Producc1ón Ganad¿ra en Coloub1a, Agr1c Tropl.cal 24 (10) 604-614, Oct 19f8 5 Sa "!per, A , ln Rural Developn.émt ln Tropl.ca1 Lat:l.n Amer1ca, K L Turk and LV Growder, Eds , C0rn~11 Un1v , 1967, P 436 BIBLIOTECA