Annual Report 2012 Cover photo: Kenyan mother preparing traditional leafy vegetables Credit: Bioversity International/S. Collins Table of Contents 01 Foreword 02 Highlights 04 Looking at wild foods to improve cost and nutrition of diets in Kenya 05 Moving sustainable diets and food systems forward 06 Biodiversity conservation brings livelihood benefits to farmers in the Andes 07 B eyond timber 08 Crop diversity for climate change adaptation 09 A holistic landscape approach to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in Nepal 10 Working with farmers to mitigate devastating banana disease in Africa 11 Science to tackle the illegal timber trade 12 CGIAR Partnerships 14 Gearing up for the new CGIAR Research Programs 15 Spicing up the market for chilli 16 Joining forces to stem banana pests and diseases in the Asia-Pacific 17 Biodiversity for food and nutrition 18 No chocolate without viable cacao farms 19 Crop diversity for pest and disease management 20 A strategic action plan for Mesoamerica’s plant genetic resources 22 Events 24 Rio+20 – The future we want 25 IUCN World Conservation Congress - Bringing conservation and agriculture together 26 Neglected and underutilized species to fight hunger and rural poverty 27 The Economist explores Feeding the World – Africa 28 Research Products 30 Multi-Crop Passport Descriptors – a universal language for plant genetic resources 31 Banana genome sequence – a major achievement 32 Applying forest genetic resources research in the field 33 Malaysia’s implementation of the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing 34 Crop genetic resources as a global commons: challenges in international law and governance 36 Financial Information 38 Funding Partners 40 Research Partners 44 Scientific Publications Our ofces around the world Heverlee, Belgium Montpellier, France Tashkent, Uzbekistan Beijing, China Bioversity HQ, Rome, Italy New Delhi, India Los Baños, Philippines Turrialba, Costa Rica Cotonou, Benin Kampala, Uganda Serdang, Malaysia Cali, Colombia Yaounde, Cameroon Nairobi, Kenya Bujumbura, Burundi • Major programme and regional offices • Other regional offices Foreword Achieving food and nutrition security requires agricultural innovation and research. Bioversity International’s unique role in this endevour is to research the conservation and use of agricultural and forest biodiversity. Bioversity International is committed to a world in which smallholder farming communities are thriving and sustainable. We are building evidence that agricultural and forest biodiversity is part of the key to achieving long-term success in this quest. In early 2012, we launched a 10-year research strategy to increase the exploration of the potential of biodiversity to provide the means to improve nutrition, sustainability, livelihoods of poor smallholder farmers and to ensure that ecosystems are productive and resilient. This year we are proud to share many of our research advances which are featured throughout this report. Here are a few highlights: • Agustin Molina, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator for Asia and the Pacific, received a Guangdong International Friendship Award from one of the largest banana-producing regions of China for his partnership work to help combat banana disease, an important crop for this region. • We collaborated in a project to sequence the first genome of cultivated bananas – a huge step forward in science – which will give more options to the millions of people who depend on bananas for income or for food. • Coordinated by Bioversity International, the new Global Timber Tracking Network was launched, bringing together scientists, policymakers and stakeholders to curb illegal and unsustainable logging. • One of our former senior scientists, Jessica Fanzo (now an Honorary Research Fellow with Bioversity), was named the first recipient of the Premio Daniel Carasso for her work in the area of nutrition and sustainable diets. • The Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project started this year, to investigate how the conservation and use of agricultural biodiversity can improve nutrition, providing critical evidence and raising awareness of the nutritional value of local diversity. • The new Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao was published. This work provides a foundation for prioritizing cacao research to help meet the needs of the millions of smallholder farmers who depend on this cash crop. • The Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) gave its 2012 Award for Best KARI Implemented Project to a collaborative research effort to mitigate Banana Xanthomonas wilt, one of several major diseases threatening banana crops. This effort was led by Bioversity International and funded by the McKnight Foundation. Our research in agricultural and forest biodiversity is resonating with policymakers, scientists, international organizations and donors. We participated in many international events in 2012, including the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the IUCN World Conservation Congress and The Economist’s Feed the World Africa Conference. These events were turning points for connecting research on biodiversity to global challenges such as climate change, malnutrition, food insecurity and productivity; and we are continuing this dialogue in opinion pieces published in major media outlets. Furthermore, we have built important partnerships that are already reaping benefits. As a member of the CGIAR Consortium, Bioversity International is proud to contribute to ten CGIAR Research Programs. You will read many examples in this report about the progress we are making with CGIAR partners to achieve a sustainable, food secure future. We thank you for your continued support and partnership. Emile Frison Paul Zuckerman 1 Director General Board Chair Highlights Read about some of our research highlights in 2012 and find out how agricultural and forest biodiversity can help achieve a sustainable future. Photo: Organic banana grower in the Chira Valley of Peru 3 Credit: Bioversity International/A. Vezina Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Looking at wild foods to improve cost and nutrition of diets in Kenya actual nutrient intake and the recommended nutrient intake for a healthy diet) in both the dry and wet seasons and for all age groups, these findings show that it is possible to make a positive impact on the cost and quality of diets by adding accessible, nutritious local foods, found at low cost. The research model shows that the integration of the five wild foods in the diet can reduce the daily cost of a woman’s diet by $US 1.5 to 2 per day. “Other approaches are still needed to meet nutrient requirements throughout the year, especially for infants between 6-11 months,” says Bruce Cogill, Programme Leader, Nutrition and Marketing Diversity, Bioversity International. “More research is required about the use of local foods to meet nutrient gaps and about how these foods can be produced, processed and marketed at scale.” This project is funded by the Bill Research to identify novel By adding the five selected locally and Melinda Gates Foundation. approaches to improving nutrition available wild foods, especially Additional support for this initiative and diets of women and children Berchemia discolor fruits, the is provided by the CGIAR Research in Kenya has yielded new clues. modelled diets were nutritionally Program on Agriculture for In 2012, Bioversity International richer and culturally acceptable. Nutrition and Health. scientists with partners from Save They were also less expensive the Children UK and the National and met recommended nutrient The Bill and Melinda Gates Museums of Kenya researched intakes for women and for children Foundation is also funding a how five wild, neglected and between 12-24 months, especially Bioversity project in Kenya underutilized fruits and vegetables in the wet season. and Benin that is investigating can reduce the cost and improve the market potential of highly the nutrient content of modelled While the five wild foods added to nutritious traditional foods, which diets. the modeled diets did not close tend to be abandoned due to the nutrient gap (the gap between socio-economic changes occurring with market globalization. 4 Photo: A Kenyan mother with her daughter Credit: Bioversity International/S. Mann Highlights Bioversity International is working with partners to describe, measure and influence policy and programmes on sustainable diets and food systems with the ultimate goal of improving nutrition and health. Sustainable diets and food systems are constructed around human needs, but with a view to sustainability, low environmental impact and food that is accessible, culturally relevant and nutritionally adequate. In 2010, Bioversity International and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN held an international scientific symposium on Biodiversity and Sustainable Diets, which resulted in the development of a consensus definition and additional efforts, including a book – Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity: Directions and Solutions for Policy, Research Moving sustainable and Action, released online as an open-access publication in 2012. diets and food Later in the year, Bioversity published a Technical Brief on the need for measures and indicators systems forward of sustainable diets with the Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation and the CGIAR Research Program can be developed and promoted A key contributor to these two on Agriculture for Nutrition that emphasize the positive role of publications was Jessica Fanzo, and Health. Both publications biodiversity, ecosystem services former Senior Scientist and now provide important foundations for and sustainable production systems an Honorary Research Fellow with additional research in this new on human health and nutrition,” Bioversity. In November, Fanzo and challenging area. “Through comments Bruce Cogill, Leader was named the first recipient of a better understanding of the of the Nutrition and Marketing the Premio Daniel Carasso for her measurement of sustainable diets, Diversity Programme, Bioversity outstanding work on sustainable innovative policies and programmes International. food and diets for long-term human health. Photo: Assortment of traditional Sri Lankan dishes 5 Credit: Bioversity International/S. Landersz Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Biodiversity conservation brings livelihood benefits to farmers in the Andes On-farm conservation initiatives Many interventions have been Carlos Perez, Liaison Scientist intend to maintain native crop implemented worldwide, but a of McKnight Foundation who species and their varieties by lack of a systematic approach funded the initiative, describes providing incentives for farmers to hampered the evaluation of their this work as making an “enormous cultivate them. In this way, valuable success. In 2009, Bioversity contribution” to the effort to traits contained in their genetic International started a research improve assessment methods for diversity, such as resistance to project to identify best practices on-farm conservation. crop pests and diseases, can be and tools to assess the success conserved for future use. of on-farm conservation projects “A key component was to develop in delivering conservation and a framework, methodology livelihood outcomes. and guidelines to measure interventions, such as seed fairs that promote cultivation of native crops, to see if they delivered on conservation, livelihoods and wider public benefits,” explains Mauricio Bellon, Project Leader, Bioversity International. Data was gathered from an initial review of 26 projects focused on maintaining the diversity of various native crop species in the High Andes. This was followed by an in-depth assessment of six case studies in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador representing a range of crops and conditions. “We found evidence from the study completed this year that increased agricultural biodiversity does lead to more perceived livelihood benefits for farmers,” continues Bellon. 6 Photo: Farmers preparing soil for planting quinoa in Bolivia Credit: Bioversity International/A. Camacho Highlights Many non-timber forest products are critical for the Beyond timber subsistence of rural communities in Central Africa, providing fruits or other nutritious foods for diversified diets and other products important to household economies. However, many of the forests upon which these communities depend have been granted under concessions to logging companies for the extraction of trees for timber. Many tree species provide both non-timber products and timber, but these are conflicting uses: once harvested for timber, the trees no longer provide fruits or other products. Conflict over resource access and use between local communities and logging companies is a problem for the forest sector in all countries in the Congo Basin. The Forest Genetic Resources Programme of Bioversity International is leading ‘Beyond of forest management that has so students from those countries Timber’, a project funded by the far received little attention,” said who are carrying out their Masters Congo Basin Forest Fund and Julius Tieguhong Chupezi, project or PhD theses within the project. carried out in three countries of the coordinator, Bioversity. The Congo Representatives of the Ministry of Congo Basin (Gabon, Cameroon Basin forests include a diversity Forestry in each country and of the and the Democratic Republic of of indigenous trees that are vital Central African Forest Commission Congo), in partnership with the to the nutrition and health of will play key roles in promoting the Center for International Forestry local populations. As Cameroon’s adoption of guidelines and other Research (CIFOR). ‘Beyond Timber’ Minister of Scientific Research and results of the project. Based on aims to produce information, Innovation stated, “Forest genetic field research under way in 2013, tools and guidelines that will be resources and edible forest fruits in forest scientists from Bioversity adopted by concessionaires and particular have important nutritional and CIFOR will develop operational government agencies so that and medicinal roles for populations guidelines that incorporate local peoples’ access to non- in sub-Saharan countries.” local knowledge to integrate timber resources is safeguarded the management of timber and even within timber concessions. Local partners – researchers at non-timber forest resources. This Bioversity International’s scientists Cameroon’s Institut de Recherche process will raise policymakers’ are carrying out research on the Agricole pour le Développement, and concessionaires’ awareness nutrition, genetics and availability of Gabon’s Institut de Recherche of local values and provide them priority tree species used for both en Ecologie Tropicale and the with tools to generate a new way of timber and food. Université de Kisangani in the ‘doing business’ in the forest sector. Democratic Republic of Congo, “This project highlights the role These will be validated in selected are actively participating in the forests play in providing food sites in Cameroon, Gabon and the project, along with 16 university security – a fundamental aspect Democratic Republic of Congo. Photo: Sliced wood from the forest, Cameroon 7 Credit: Bioversity International/L. Snook Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 and get feedback from farmers on the varieties. The ‘Seeds for Needs’ team has also begun installing digital sensors called ‘iButtons’ in individual fields to measure local temperature and humidity levels. This will allow scientists to correlate exact local weather data with feedback from the farmers, for a more precise analysis on how particular varieties deal with weather fluctuations. “‘Seeds for Needs’ is about getting a lot of diversity out to farmers in their fields and having farmers choose different types of materials. We are looking at both local and improved varieties in different situations, and we are using new approaches to get Crop diversity for more diversity and more farmers involved in participatory work around agricultural biodiversity,” climate change comments Jacob van Etten, Senior Scientist, Bioversity International. adaptation The project, which is part of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, is carried out in The ‘Seeds for Needs’ project collecting a small amount of Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Papua New works on strengthening seed feedback from large groups of Guinea and Tanzania. In 2013 systems in the face of climate people. In the case of ‘Seeds ‘Seeds for Needs’ will be also change by exposing farmers for Needs’ in India, hundreds of rolled out in Cambodia, Laos, to more varieties of the same farmers were each given three Honduras, Rwanda and Uganda. crop through participatory out of ten varieties of wheat to trials. The project uses exciting plant and test for yield, taste new methodologies, such as and other traits. The project has crowdsourcing – a means of begun experimenting with mobile finding patterns or results by technology to communicate with 8 Photo: Farmers in their field in Bihar, India Credit: Bioversity International/C. Zanzanaini Highlights A holistic landscape approach to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in Nepal 2012 saw the end of the of local biodiversity and its together to support community ‘Western Terai Landscape Complex sustainable use. conservation efforts. Project’, an 8-year innovative project to conserve and sustainably A community biodiversity “An important lesson from the use biodiversity at the landscape management fund was also set up project,” continues Sthapit, “is the level while addressing the livelihood with a start-up contribution from challenge of getting stakeholders needs of farmers living near the project and farmers’ monthly to work together when different protected areas in Nepal. savings. The fund acts as a low- interests are involved. But interest loan system for farmers and understanding the perspectives of The project is a joint initiative of local women’s groups to conduct different sectors is also important the Government of Nepal and income generating activities such for finding holistic solutions that seven national and international as goat and pig rearing, poultry match community priorities.” organizations, including Bioversity farming and vegetable production, International. Bioversity worked with the condition that they work closely with the Nepal Agriculture Research Council and local non- governmental organization LI-BIRD on implementing community-based biodiversity management practices in the region. “The purpose of our participation was to mainstream good farming practices and agricultural biodiversity management at a landscape scale,” says Bhuwon Sthapit, Bioversity International. Farmers’ organizations responsible for management and conservation of agricultural biodiversity, called Biodiversity Conservation and Development Committees, were set up in six villages. A series of training workshops, diversity fairs, participatory seed exchanges, participatory plant breeding and community seedbanks were organized to strengthen farmers’ awareness Photo: Tharu women participating in seed exchange, Nepal 9 Credit: Bioversity International/B. Sthapit Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Working with effective management options through regional meetings, farmer exchange visits and farmer field farmers to mitigate schools. In 2012, six new farmer field schools were formed, and members from established ones devastating banana are helping to train newcomers. The Banana Xanthomonas Wilt disease in Africa project, funded by the McKnight Foundation, was awarded the best ‘KARI (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute) Implemented Banana Xanthomonas By studying how the disease Project 2012’ for solving farmers’ Wilt is a devastating disease spreads and working with different constraints and increasing food threatening banana production in people and groups involved in and income security through Africa, causing up to 80-100% the process, researchers are innovative and participatory crop losses in Uganda, Kenya, identifying the best control approaches, working across Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and measures possible to curb different levels, disciplines and the Democratic Republic of Congo. the disease. This knowledge gender, from the farm to the To fight its spread, Bioversity is being shared with relevant marketplace. International and partners are policymakers and stakeholders, looking for better ways to manage to ensure that the necessary In addition to the KARI award, one the disease – from planting, to institutional frameworks are put of the farmers who participated harvesting, to transportation and in place to support management in the project has been honoured consumption – in East Africa and efforts such as quarantine and by the Kenya Government and the the Horn of Africa. surveillance protocols. Farmers Food and Agriculture Organization are also being informed of cost- of the UN (FAO) as ‘Best Farmer, Ugunja District’ for his efforts towards enhancing food security in Kenya. In his community, George Ouma is now a keen advocate of using clean planting materials to help fight the disease. He supplies healthy banana seedlings, through KARI and FAO, to people who want to start banana enterprises, advising them also to diversify crops to spread risk and maximize income opportunities, and not just rely on bananas. “This award means a lot to me and my community. We have a motto on the farm: ‘Work like a donkey and dine like a king or queen.’ It is true that running a good farm involves a lot of hard work, and to have this recognition gives us the incentive to continue,” said Ouma. 10 Photo: George Ouma sharing his knowledge during a Farmers’ Field School Credit: Bioversity International/E. Karamura Highlights According to the World Bank, an area of forest the size of a football pitch is cleared by illegal loggers every 2 seconds around the world. Illegal logging damages forests, can deprive local communities of livelihood resources and undermines national economies. It is a serious and growing problem for both producer and consumer countries, contributing to deforestation and biodiversity loss and furthering corruption. “Although a global movement to curb illegal logging is growing, the current reliance on paper-based tracking of timber is insufficient Science to tackle the to eradicate fraud from the global supply chain. Practical control tools are needed to identify the illegal timber trade species and origin of wood so that importers can be confident they are buying legal timber,” says produce tools to reduce the illegal the German Federal Ministry of Laura Snook, Leader of the Forest timber trade. Food, Agriculture and Consumer Genetic Resources Programme, Protection, and the CGIAR Bioversity International. In April 2012, the Global Timber Research Program on Forests, Tracking Network (GTTN) was This challenge is being addressed Trees and Agroforestry. This year launched to bring together through ‘Development and the network laid the groundwork scientists, policymakers and implementation of a species for collaborative development other key players to develop such identification and timber tracking of DNA and isotope-based tools, which can be applied both system using DNA fingerprints tools for identifying key timber to logs and to wood products. and stable isotopes’, a Bioversity species and their origins so that GTTN is coordinated by Bioversity International project which will customs inspectors and others International with support from can confidently determine the Photo: A logging concession in Ghana 11 Credit: Bioversity International/M. Ekue CGIAR Partnerships Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR Consortium, a global research partnership for a food secure future. Discover some examples of how our work contributes to ten CGIAR Research Programs. Photo: Albizia caribea tree 13 Credit: Bioversity International/P. Bordoni Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Systems and the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems, with some specific research activities, such as: • Studies to look at: household nutrition, early childhood nutrition, seed sources and seed systems, household agricultural biodiversity use, role of local markets, agroecological intensification characterization and role of bananas and cocoa in household livelihood strategies. • Field evaluation of diverse varieties with farmers; providing farmers access to seed/planting material of local species, particularly vegetable and fruit species. • Baseline assessment of agricultural biodiversity in focus Gearing up for the regions; a partnership programme with key stakeholders across all regional sites, for common learning CGIAR Research and capacity strengthening. • Participation in scoping studies, Programs research programme design and stakeholder consultation. • Identification and establishment Bioversity International is In 2012, Bioversity contributed to of key partnerships in focus contributing to CGIAR research the CGIAR Research Program on regions. to improve the productivity, Integrated Systems for the Humid profitability, sustainability, and Tropics, the CGIAR Research resilience of farming systems. Program on Aquatic Agricultural 14 Photo: Scientist and farmers examining wheat varieties in Bihar, India Credit: Bioversity International/T. Rastogi CGIAR Partnerships Spicing up the market for chilli Peru and Bolivia are home to the largest and most diverse concentrations of chilli (Capsicum) in the world, but while it has been cultivated for thousands of years by farmers in Peru and Bolivia as a spice, vegetable and for medicinal purposes, much of its diversity remains neglected and undervalued. Recent increases in market demand for new and unique flavours have provided an opportunity for smallholder farmers to generate higher income by using native chilli diversity. Bioversity International is leading a 3-year initiative, supported by the German government, to link small- scale producers with processing and marketing companies that supply local and international markets. This collaboration includes non-governmental develop and map the Capsicum been revived due to public interest organizations, research institutes value chain. and by big organizations like the and universities in Bolivia, Peru Peruvian Association of Chefs.” and Germany. In addition we Esaú Hildago del Águila, a Peruvian collaborated with smallholder agroforesty farmer explains: This work is part of the CGIAR farmers, entrepreneurs, farmer “Growing chilli (for the market) is Research Program on Policies, associations, the public sector and a new development for us, but it is Institutions and Markets. local and regional governments to actually a forgotten crop that has Photo: Selecting chilli for the market and food industry, Peru 15 Credit: Bioversity International/X. Scheldeman Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Joining forces to stem banana pests and diseases in the Asia-Pacific More than 400 million people Molina received a Guangdong instrumental for the adoption worldwide depend on banana International Friendship Award of disease-mitigating measures for their food and livelihoods. from one of the largest banana- in Indonesia, China and the However, banana production is producing regions of China for his Philippines. Strong collaboration seriously jeopardized by pests work in helping to combat banana between BAPNET and the private and diseases. Asia-Pacific is a diseases. sector has also helped to map the region where smallholders are distribution of a particularly virulent particularly dependent on the Bioversity International, through disease to prevent spread in the production, commercialization and the Banana Asia-Pacific Network region and beyond. consumption of banana. (BAPNET), engages national partners in mitigating devastating These public-private partnerships “Asia is the centre of diversity diseases. Resistant varieties and have improved the supply of of banana, but it is where other mitigating measures have affordable clean planting material we also find many pests and been evaluated with research and farmers’ incomes. Bioversity diseases afflicting the crop. organizations, industry partners and partners are now scaling out In addition, climate change is and farmers’ cooperatives in the this innovative partnership model affecting the dynamics of pest Philippines. Partnerships with in Asia-Pacific. and disease problems,” says researchers, government agencies Agustin Molina, Senior Scientist and companies from Australia, This work contributes to the CGIAR and Regional Coordinator for Asia China, and the Taiwan Banana Research Program on Roots, and the Pacific. In December, Research Institute have been Tubers and Bananas. 16 Photo: Local varieties of banana sold at the Solok market in Sumatra, Indonesia Credit: Bioversity International/A. Molina CGIAR Partnerships Bioversity International is document and raise awareness on Columbia University, the World coordinating ‘Mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity losses in Agroforestry Centre and the CGIAR Biodiversity Conservation and the study sites. Research Program on Agriculture Sustainable Use for Improved for Nutrition and Health. This Human Nutrition and Well-being’, Additional technical and financial global partnership will ensure the a Global Environment Facility (GEF) support is being provided by the upscaling of methods and tools project launched in 2012. The countries and by international for measuring biodiversity for food GEF Implementing Agencies for partners such as the World Food and nutrition as well as increased this project are the United Nations Programme, AVRDC - The World awareness and information sharing Environment Programme and the Vegetable Center, Crops for the among partners, scientists and Food and Agriculture Organization Future, the Earth Institute at policymakers. of the UN. The initiative, led by Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey, addresses Biodiversity for food growing concerns over the rapid disappearance of agricultural biodiversity, particularly traditional and nutrition crops and wild species with nutritional value. Also of concern is the loss of traditional knowledge associated with their use. Local plants and animals, which can be more nutritious than their introduced counterparts, are increasingly being recognized as playing an important role in supplying the diversity of nutrients needed in human diets for healthy growth and living. Partnerships are key in this initiative. For example, Kenya and Brazil are exploring collaboration through the Agricultural Innovation MKTPlace to develop value chains for underutilized indigenous fruit trees, while Sri Lanka has teamed up with the Global Master’s in Development Practice Program to Photo: Market seller in Sri Lanka 17 Credit: Bioversity International/S. Landersz Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 resistant to pests and diseases and adapted to changing climatic conditions. The genetic diversity of cacao can increase income options available to smallholder farmers offering greater market options but its potential is little understood and under threat from environmental degradation and habitat destruction. As part of a collaborative effort addressing these urgent needs and emerging opportunities, A Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources was published in 2012 by the Global Cacao Genetic Resources Network (CacaoNet), coordinated by Bioversity International. “We consulted widely with experts from all sectors of the global No chocolate without cacao community to develop this strategy,” says Brigitte Laliberté, Bioversity International. “Now we viable cacao farms have an informed and realistic foundation for prioritizing cacao genetic resources research to help Ninety percent of cacao comes their livelihoods – around 30-40% meet farmers’ needs.” from 5-6 million smallholder of global production is lost This work is part of the CGIAR farmers in tropical Africa, Asia due to pests and diseases. As Research Program on Forests, and Latin America, who supply an production is centred in some of Trees and Agroforestry and is industry worth $US 8-10 billion the poorest parts of the world, supported by the US Department a year; and worldwide demand is securing higher yields that are of Agriculture, Agricultural increasing. Yet the cacao industry sustainable can offer a viable Research Service (USDA/ARS), The is facing challenges. Many pathway out of poverty for cacao Cocoa Research Association Ltd., producers experience pest and growers. This requires access to UK (CRA Ltd.), Mars Inc. and The disease outbreaks which threaten improved cacao varieties that are World Cocoa Foundation (WCF). 18 Photo: Cacao diversity, Ghana Credit: Bioversity International/J. Raneri CGIAR Partnerships As an alternative to pesticide use, Bioversity International has been working since 2004 with partners in China, Ecuador, Morocco and Uganda, to investigate the most effective ways to use crop diversity for pest and disease management. The research focuses on six major staples that are important to food security: rice, maize, barley, common bean, faba bean and banana. In 2012, researchers worked with farmers to plant different varieties of the same crops next to each other, to see which combinations provide the most effective control against which pests and diseases. These sites are still being monitored and the results are already making an important contribution to other pest and disease management practices. Crop diversity for pest and Another important component of this initiative is training and disease management raising awareness. Seed fairs, demonstrations and workshops were held in the different countries The work is funded by the Facility (GEF) supported project to teach farmers how to use International Fund for Agricultural in China, Ecuador, Morocco diversity and other ways to control Development, the Swiss Agency and Uganda. The project was pests and diseases throughout the for Development and Cooperation, implemented by the United Nations production cycle. These included the Food and Agriculture Environment Programme (UNEP) seed cleaning, post-harvest crop Organization of the UN and is and coordinated by Bioversity as protection, seed selection for based on ‘Conservation and use the project executing agency. This future use, and even ways to use of crop genetic diversity to control research contributes to the CGIAR pesticides more wisely. Guideline pests and diseases in support of Research Program on Water, Land booklets, posters and radio sustainable agriculture’, a global and Ecosystems. programmes were also part of the multi-country Global Environment awareness-raising process. Photo: Variety of bean seeds 19 Credit: Bioversity International/E. Dulloo Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 A strategic action plan for Mesoamerica’s plant genetic resources Researchers also identified relevant policies and initiatives to take into account while developing the plan’s framework, and created maps to visualize the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of crops and their wild relatives, from now until 2050. A First Stakeholders’ Consultation was then held in Guatemala to bring together different actors important for the design and implementation of the plan. This included more than 70 participants from nine countries representing several branches of government, academia, international and regional organizations, civil society and farmers. The meeting provided a much needed space for different sectors to interact with each other, understand each other’s perspectives and roles, set priorities, and develop concrete actions to help the conservation and use of plant genetic resources in Mesoamerica. In 2012, Bioversity International In order to develop the plan, scientists brought together a wide scientists first wanted to have This work is part of the CGIAR range of partners and stakeholders a better understanding of the Research Program on Climate to develop a ‘Strategic Action Plan’ current status of plant genetic Change, Agriculture and Food to strengthen the conservation and resources in the region. This was Security (CCAFS) and is supported use of plant genetic resources in done by collating information on by the Benefit-sharing Fund of Mesoamerica for climate change ten designated crops from crop the International Treaty on Plant adaptation. databases as well as carrying Genetic Resources for Food and out surveys with various farming Agriculture. communities. 20 Photo: Women and children dehusking maize in the village of Quilinco, Guatemala Credit: Bioversity International/ M. Ramirez PhotPoh: oWto:m Daens chroipldtionng orof otht efr opmho htoe rif haopmpeagrainrdge in, tEhceu paadgoer. CCrreedditi:t :B Bioiovveerrssitiyty I nInteterrnnaatitoionnaal/l/E .A Gutohtor Events In 2012 Bioversity International participated in many key events to raise awareness about the potential of agricultural and forest biodiversity to improve nutrition, livelihoods, sustainabilty and to enable productive and resilient ecosystems. Photo: Fetching water in front of fields of diverse crops, India 23 Credit: Bioversity International/C. Zanzanaini Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Rio+20 – The future we want The consensus that different The question of how to change Speaking from the United Nations approaches in agriculture are agricultural approaches so we can Conference on Sustainable urgently required if we are grow enough nourishing food for Development (Rio+20) in June, to achieve food security in a all without further depleting the Emile Frison, Director General of sustainable manner is no longer resources of our planet, was at the Bioversity International explained: in dispute. 1.3 billion people are heart of several urgent high level “Agriculture has to change in living in poverty, 900 million are discussions in 2012. Bioversity order to provide food and nutrition chronically undernourished, an International was there to ensure security for a growing population additional 1 billion are suffering that the potential contribution of the under threat of climate change, from vitamin and mineral use of agricultural biodiversity was land degradation, biodiversity loss deficiencies, and the population is a key part of discussion agendas and water scarcity. Agricultural increasing rapidly. and subsequent action plans. biodiversity has the potential to change lives and sustain our world by diversifying livelihoods, increasing the resilience and sustainability of production systems, and by providing access to a diverse and nutritious diet.” Frison was a speaker at several events at Rio+20, such as the high level official event Food for Life & Life of Food and Aiming for a Food-Secure Future – Think Global, Act Local, both organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, the International Fund for Agricultural development, the World Food Programme and Bioversity International; From New Nordic Food to New Rural Economy, organized by the Nordic Council of Ministers; the Private Sector Discussion Forum organized by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; and the Indigenous Peoples’ International Conference On Sustainable Development And Self-Determination. 24 Photo: The Rio+20 banner in front of the UN building in New York City Credit: gearsofchange.org Events IUCN World Conservation Congress – Bringing conservation and agriculture together Bioversity International took part in several side events at the IUCN World Conservation Congress, held in September 2012 in Jeju, Korea. One of these was organized by a partner, the Christensen Fund, and focused on bringing two seemingly divergent agendas together: agriculture and biodiversity conservation. The event resulted in a ‘Call to Action for Agriculture and Conservation to work together’. Emile Frison, Director General of Bioversity International, explains: “For some time, agriculture and conservation have operated in separate worlds with separate agendas. Agriculture has been seeking ways to increase production to feed a growing population, while conservation has been in a race to save more land for preservation purposes.” Through the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity, Bioversity International’s research brings together agriculture and Wilson (Executive Director and in the future require conservation conservation to meet both targets CEO of The Christensen Fund) and agriculture sectors to of food security and conservation. stated in a National Geographic collaborate. It is not enough just As Emile Frison, Cristián Samper NewsWatch opinion piece after the to increase production. Agriculture (President and CEO of the event: “If we are to find long-term and conservation have to come Wildlife Conservation Society and sustainable solutions to food and together to work with rural Bioversity International Board nutrition security and biodiversity communities if we are to have a of Trustees Vice-chair) and Ken conservation, the policies we need food secure future.” Photo: Terraced farmland to reduce soil erosion, Peru 25 Credit: Bioversity International/A. Camacho Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 In December 2012, Bioversity International co-organized an Neglected and international seminar on Old and New Crops to Meet the Challenges of the XXI Century in collaboration underutilized species with the Chair of Studies on Hunger and Poverty of the University of Córdoba, Spain, the to fight hunger and Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN and the International rural poverty Fund for Agricultural Development. The event was attended by numerous organizations and stakeholders, who discussed The Córdoba Declaration, which underutilized species. These crops how neglected and underutilized resulted from the seminar, have a great potential to increase species can be best mobilized to represents an important income, enhance nutrition and are support the fight against hunger contribution “to raise policymakers’ often better adapted to grow in and rural poverty in the world. attention on neglected and marginal areas, where poor people live, with little need for irrigation, pesticides and fertilizers. The Declaration also sets the basis for a global agenda on the sustainable conservation and use of these crops,” said Stefano Padulosi, Senior Scientist at Bioversity International and part of the working group that developed the Declaration which will be shared at the UN General Assembly in 2013. 26 Photo: Field of finger millet, India Credit: Bioversity International/S. Padulosi Events More than 180 delegates from 25 countries attended The Economist Conference Feeding the World, Africa summit on 15-16 November 2012 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Bioversity International’s Director General Emile Frison was one of the invited speakers and shared insights on both days at the conference. During The Big Nutrition Challenge meeting on 15 November, he focused on the importance of dietary diversity and sustainable diets. Frison also spoke as part of a panel on 16 November entitled R&D and Science – Technology’s role in African food security. He explained why research on the potential of agricultural biodiversity is critical to provide food and nutrition security in Africa and throughout the world, and the importance of science and traditional knowledge coming together. “Global attention is turning to investments in agricultural research and development to The Economist solve the biggest global dilemmas of today – increasing population, malnutrition, poverty, climate explores Feeding the change and environmental degradation. This investment in research is vital, but equally World – Africa important is the need to bring together science and traditional knowledge about agriculture,” Frison said. Photo: Cooking traditional food in Kenya 27 Credit: Bioversity International/P. Sands Research products Our research on agricultural and forest biodiversity results in knowledge and information that is used by policymakers, development workers, scientists and smallholder farmers. Photo: Young people at a trial field during a focus group discussion in Melba village, Hageresalam, Ethiopia 29 Credit: Bioversity International/J. van de Gevel Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Multi-Crop Passport facilitate germplasm passport information exchange. Descriptors – a After 11 years, in order to ensure the Multi-Crop Passport Descriptors standard meets universal language the community’s emerging needs, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and for plant genetic Bioversity International initiated a consultation process for a revision that would enhance the resources applicability of the Descriptors without having any detrimental effect on the previously published version or its use for The descriptors list provides Multi-Crop Passport Descriptors data exchange. Two significant an international format and a was developed to provide developments since the 2001 universally understood language consistent coding schemes for version were the entry into force for exchanging data on plant common passport descriptors of the International Treaty on genetic resources. Originally across crops and is widely used Plant Genetic Resources for published in 2001, the list of as the international standard to Food and Agriculture, together with its associated Multi-lateral System for Access and Benefit- Sharing, and the impact of using spatial information (geographic information systems, or GIS) to document plant genetic resources better. The revision process involved consultation with some 300 people from 187 institutions in 87 countries. The broad perspective gained from CGIAR research centers, US Department of Agriculture, the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources and numerous national programmes in the Global South, together with the collaboration of FAO, gives this revised descriptors list the status of a valid and neutral international standard. 30 Photo: From top left to right: Wild onion; Potato and other tubers; Male coconut flowers; Chilli peppers Credit: Bioversity International/D. Hunter; S. Padulosi; V. Johnson; L.Quiñones Research products A 10-year research project to sequence one of the founding Banana genome genomes of cultivated bananas, Musa acuminata, is now complete. The research – published in sequence – a major Nature – was carried out by the French International Research Centre (CIRAD) and the French achievement National Sequencing Centre (Genoscope), within the framework of the Global Musa Genomics Consortium. “The publication of the sequence of the banana genome is a major achievement for a crop that is still neglected by research, despite being a staple food and a vital source of income for hundreds of millions of people in the tropics,” says Emile Frison, Director General of Bioversity International. The genetic information revealed by the sequencing project will help scientists exploit the crop diversity, such as resistance to pests, diseases and droughts, which is becoming increasingly urgent as climatic changes threaten food security and livelihoods for poor rural communities in the banana- producing regions. Mathieu Rouard, Bioversity International, who contributed analyses and is one of the co- authors of the published paper, explains: “Scientists now have the template that will make future sequencing of other varieties quicker and more cost effective to carry out.” This work also opens up the opportunity of re- sequencing the accessions held at the Bioversity Musa Germplasm Transit Centre, the world’s largest collection of banana germplasm. Photo: Peeling bananas under a tree, Uganda 31 Credit: Bioversity International/P. Sands Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Sustainable forest management adaptive potential in the face be integrated into management ensures that goods and services of climate change and other practices for forests, agroforests, derived from forests and trees challenges, the genetic diversity and conservation areas. meet our needs today while of trees must be sustained. safeguarding their future This means that knowledge of To address this need, David availability. To ensure long-term forest genetic resources must Boshier, Honorary Research Fellow with Bioversity International, and his colleagues at Bioversity have revamped the textbook approach Applying forest to teaching and created an ‘off the shelf’ Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide made up of genetic resources teaching modules that make forest genetic resources training relevant, attractive and accessible to non- research in the field specialists. Organized in a modular format, the guide provides case studies, teacher notes, exercises and audiovisual materials that are flexible and easy to use in a range of formal or informal training and learning situations. In 2012, the team worked on case studies for the third and fourth modules of the Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide, one on Seed supply chains and another on Forest management. In the future, the publication will also be available in Spanish, French, Chinese and Russian. 32 Photo: Forest in Ghana Credit: Bioversity International/M. Ekue Research products Malaysia’s implementation of the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture is the first international, legally-binding agreement promoting the sustainable use and conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, and the sharing of benefits derived from their use. As such, it represents a breakthrough in the international community’s understanding of the importance of plant genetic resources and the need for countries to work together to make sure those resources are not lost or used unfairly. A paper published by Bioversity International and the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute focuses on the issues related to Malaysia’s issues. First, it establishes a recommendations on the creation implementation of the multilateral process for ascertaining which of of a legal and policy space for system of access and benefit- Malaysia’s plant genetic resources implementing the multilateral sharing. “It is source of information for food and agriculture are system. for policymakers, academics and under government management and control. Second, the paper The publication also provides researchers who are involved examines existing laws to updated information related to in the implementation of the ascertain whether they include Malaysian agriculture and plant multilateral system in other provisions for implementing the genetic diversity, conservation, countries,” says Michael Halewood, multilateral system. Finally, the research and use, origin of Policy Theme Leader at Bioversity study examines a national law germplasm, regional and International. on access and benefit-sharing in international collaboration and The paper suggests a three-stage accordance to the Convention on legal and policy frameworks. approach to addressing these Biological Diversity and provides Photo: Seeds collected from the wild 33 Credit: Bioversity International/ D. Hunter Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Crop genetic resources as a global commons: challenges in international law and governance Farmers have engaged in of people and groups involved in sharing of benefits arising from collective systems of conservation their conservation and use has their use. The book analyzes and innovation – improving crops also increased dramatically. tensions that are threatening and sharing their reproductive to undermine the potential of materials – since the earliest The book Crop Genetic Resources access and benefit-sharing laws plant domestications. As crops as a Global Commons: Challenges to support the collective pooling have moved around the world, in International Law and of plant genetic resources, and and agricultural innovation Governance investigates how the identifies opportunities to address and production systems have collective pooling and management those tensions in ways that could expanded, so too has the scope of plant genetic resources for food increase the scope, utility and and coverage of pools of shared and agriculture can be supported sustainability of the global crop plant genetic resources that through laws regulating access commons. support those systems. The range to genetic resources and the Over 40 academics and practitioners working in the field of agricultural biodiversity contributed to this title, which is the fourth title in the ‘Issues in Agricultural Biodiversity’ series co-published by Routledge and Bioversity International. “This volume makes a strong case for governing plant genetic resources in ways that promote the evolution and conservation of agrobiodiversity, and to ensure that they are available to be used by all regions to adapt better to a changing environment. Yet, it is more than just another book about the governance of natural resources by the best experts in the field: it is also an indispensable tool to understand the future of agriculture in a world of dwindling resources and biodiversity loss,” said Olivier de Schutter, UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. 34 Photo: Farmers involved in participatory plant breeding of rice in Nepal Credit: Bioversity International/ B. Sthapit Photo: Showing a species collected fromP thoet ow: ilDde isnc trhipet ifoonr eosft trhees eprhvoet o fi fO aupepmeaer-iBngo uink otuh,e B peangine CreCdriet:d Biti:o Bvieorvseitrys iItnyt eInrnteartnioantiaoln/ aBl/. VAiuntcheotri Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Financial information Bioversity International’s good financial health and stability continued in 2012. With robust internal controls and a risk management framework that engages the Board, management and staff, Bioversity received an unqualified audit option from PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA. Revenue in 2012 amounted to $US 37.7 million (2011: $36.9 million) against expenditures of $37.1 million (2011: $36.2 million) resulting in an operating surplus of $564,000 for 2012. Financial support for our research programmes comes from a wide variety of government, foundation, corporate and private supporters, with the majority of our research support received through our participation and membership in the CGIAR Consortium. A list of our financial supporters can be found on page 38. Our business plan calls for substantial growth over the next several years, as we diversify our funding base to implement the priority research programmes that will address risks to food and nutrition security, reduce rural poverty and ensure more sustainable management of natural resources. We are seeing positive signs that a wider range of donors want to invest in the important agenda Bioversity International is pursuing. In 2012, we saw a significant rise in bilateral grants pledged, which will be realized in 2013 and onwards. Some highlights of donor’s investments include: • The International Fund for Agricultural Development for their support to improve productivity and resilience for the rural poor through better use of crop diversity, and a range of other ongoing projects. • The Global Environment Facility (GEF) for their support on a wide range of initiatives, such as the ‘Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project’. • The Government of Belgium for their steadfast partnership and major financing of our work on banana. • The Government of Switzerland for a grant that is advancing Bioversity’s global programme on seed systems resilience and participatory farmer research. • The Government of Luxembourg for their new, 3-year commitment for work in Central Asia on local fruit tree genetic resources. • The Government of Finland for their partnership in the framework of the FoodAfrica initiative, launched in 2012. We were also able to further build our private philanthropy networks and reach out to new potential donors. In 2012 ,we were in positive dialogue with many significant trusts and foundations about flagship Bioversity initiatives, and expect to see some of these partnerships come to fruition in 2013. The Trustees of our UK charity were active in raising the profile of Bioversity International’s work, hosting two events to connect our organization to partners and donors, and to share information about how our research is making a difference to smallholder farmers in developing countries. Through the UK charity we received a significant pledge of support for our work to enable smallholders farmers to access seed to help them cope with the effects of climate change. 36 Photo: Description of the photo if appearing in the page Credit: Bioversity International/ Author Financial Information Statements LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS 2012 2011 Current liabilities Accounts payable Donors 8,744 7,887 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION At December 31 ($US 000s) Employees 1,534 1,432 ASSETS 2012 2011 Other CGIAR Centres 363 566 Current assets Others 8,935 7,580 Cash and cash equivalents 41,086 36,539 Accruals 1,815 1,633 Endowment fund 137,965 117,446 Funds in trust 153,950 132,815 Investments 210 5,296 Total current liabilities 175,341 151,913 Accounts receivable Non-current liabilities Donors 12,600 7,700 Accounts payable Other CGIAR Centres 517 467 Employees 7,482 6,318 Others 443 238 Total non-current liabilities 7,482 6,318 Prepaid expenses 419 319 Total liabilities 182,823 158,231 Total current assets 193,240 168,005 Net assets Non-current assets Undesignated 8,707 8,102 Property and equipment, net 1,305 1,384 Designated 3,015 3,056 Total non-current assets 1,305 1,384 Total net assets 11,722 11,158 Total assets 194,545 169,389 Total liabilities and net assets 194,545 169,389 STATEMENT OF Unrestricted Restricted Total Total ACTIVITIES GIAR Research Programs Other At December 31 ($US 000s) CGIAR Fund Windows Window Total Total 1&2 3 Bilateral CRPs Bilateral Restricted 2012 2011 REVENUE AND GAINS Grant revenue 1,753 20,155 572 10,083 30,810 3,413 34,223 35,976 35,936 Other 1,749 1,749 916 Total revenues 3,502 20,155 572 10,083 30,810 3,413 34,223 37,725 36,852 EXPENSES AND LOSSES Research expenses 1,389 17,016 510 9,326 26,852 2,917 29,769 31,158 30,438 General and 6,003 6,003 5,739 Administration expenses Sub total expenses 7,392 17,016 510 9,326 26,852 2,917 29,769 37,161 36,177 and losses Indirect cost recovery (4,454) 3,139 62 757 3,958 496 4,454 Total expenses 2,938 20,155 572 10,083 30,810 3,413 34,223 37,161 36,177 and losses NET SURPLUS / (DEFICIT) 564 564 675 EXPENSES BY NATURAL CLASSIFICATION Personnel 4,124 7,686 234 2,668 10,588 1,591 12,179 16,303 18,094 Supplies and services 2,422 6,032 110 2,200 8,342 926 9,268 11,690 9,377 Collaborators - 289 289 289 289 74 CGIAR Centers Collaborators- Partners 2,878 151 3,684 6,713 296 7,009 7,009 6,739 Travel 433 288 14 477 779 103 882 1,315 1,387 Depreciation 307 132 1 8 141 1 142 449 349 System Cost (CSP) 106 106 157 Sub total 7,392 17,016 510 9,326 26,852 2,917 29,769 37,161 36,177 Indirect cost recovery (4,454) 3,139 62 757 3,958 496 4,454 Total expenses 2,938 20,155 572 10,083 30,810 3,413 34,223 37,161 36,177 37 Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Funding Partners CGIAR Croatia (Ministry of Agriculture) CGIAR Fund Cyprus (Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment) Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) Czech Republic (Ministry of Agriculture) Generation - Challenge Program Denmark (AgriFish Agency; Ministry of the Harvest Plus - Challenge Program Environment, Nature Agency) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Estonia (Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Environment) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) European Commission International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Nations (FAO) International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Finland (Ministry for Foreign Affairs; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) Governments and intergovernmental Fontagro (Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology) institutions France (Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche) Albania (Agricultural University of Tirana) Georgia (The Georgian Academy of Agricultural Armenia (Ministry of Agriculture) Sciences) Australia (Australian Center for International Germany (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Agricultural Research, ACIAR) and Development (BMZ); Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Austria (Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, (BMELV); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Environment and Water Management; Federal Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH; Federal Agency for Ministry of Finance and Austrian Development Agriculture and Food (BLE)) Cooperation) Global Environmental Facility through the United Azerbaijan (National Academy of Sciences) Nations Environment Programme (UNEP-GEF) Belarus (National Academy of Sciences) Greece (Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Belgium (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Change; Ministry of Rural Development and Food) International Cooperation; Service Public Féderal Hungary (Ministry of Rural Development) Santé Publique, Sécurité de la Chaîne Alimentaire et Environnement Direction Générale Animaux, Iceland (Ministry of Industries and Innovation) Végétaux & Alimentation) India (Ministry of Agriculture - Dept. of Agricultural Biodiversity for Agriculture Commodities Program Research and Education) (BACP) through Armajaro Trading Co International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bosnia and Herzegovina (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Ireland (Department of Agriculture and Food; Economic Relations) National Council for Forest Research and Forestry Brazil (through the Brazilian Agricultural Research Development and Promotion, Department of Corporation, EMBRAPA) Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, COFORD) Bulgaria (Institute of Plant Genetic Resources “K. Israel (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) Malkov”) Italy (Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Bulgaria (Ministry of Agriculture and Food) Agricultura CRA; Department of Agronomy, Forestry and Land Use (DAF), Agricultural Research Council of China (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) Italy (CRA); Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 38 Funding Partners Japan (Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and Japan of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Agricultural International Research Center for Agricultural Research and Policy) Sciences (JIRCAS)) Uganda (National Agricultural Research Organization) Korea, Republic of (Rural Development Administration) Ukraine (Yuryev Institute of Plant Production - National Latvia (Ministry of Agriculture) Centre for PGR) Lithuania (Institute of Agriculture; State Forest Service) United Kingdom (Department for Environment, Food & Luxembourg (Administration de la Nature et des Rural Affairs; Forestry Commission, Corporate and Forêts; Ministry of Finance) Forestry Support) Macedonia FYR (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and USA (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)) Water Economy) World Bank Malaysia (Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)) Foundations Montenegro (Phytosanitary Directorate) The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Netherlands (Centre for Genetic Resources; Ministry of The Christensen Fund Foreign Affairs) Fondation Daniel et Nina Carasso Norway (Forest and Landscape Institute; Genetic Resources Centre) The McKnight Foundation Peru (through the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria - INIA) Corporations Philippines (Ministry of Agriculture) Barry Callebaut Poland (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Belcolade Ministry of the Environment) Mars Inc. Portugal (Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agraria e Veterinaria; through the Instituto de Investigação Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. Científica Tropical - IICT) Russian Federation (Ministry of Agriculture) Other funding partners Serbia (Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment; Centre de coopération internationale en recherche Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) Management) Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) Slovakia (Ministry of Agriculture) Congo Basin Forest Fund (CBFF) Slovenia (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food) EcoAgriculture Partners Spain (INIA, Area de Relaciones Cientificas Internacionales) Global Forum on Agricultural Research Sweden (Ministry of Rural Affairs) Global Crop Diversity Trust Switzerland (BUWAL-Swiss Forest Agency; Federal Grains Research and Development Corporation Department of Economic Affairs FDEA, Office Fédéral (GRDC), Australia de l’Agriculture; Swiss Agency for Development and Bioversity International United Kingdom Fundraising Cooperation, SDC) Initiative Thailand Wageningen University Turkey (Ministry of Environment and Forestry; Ministry World Cocoa Foundation 39 Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Research Partners Academy of Sciences CBD Secretariat CIP-UPWARD ADEDRA Zagora Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Cocoa Research Unit of the Aegean Agricultural Research (CAB Kasestart) University of the West Indies (CRU) Institute Central Asia Trans-Caucasus Coconut Research Institute AGI, Hanoi Network on Plant Genetic Comite National de MAB Agricultural Research and Resources Committee for Forestry and Hunting Development Institute (ARDI) Central Food Technology Research of the Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Research Organization Institute, Mysore Cooperativa Huacullani (ARO) Central Research Institute for Field Cooperativa Irpa Chico de la Agrobiotec Crops, Ankara, Comunidad de Jalsuri Agroindustrial Union and Association Centre de Coopération Internationale Cooperative Research Center for of Farmers en Recherche Agronomique Tropical Plant Pathology (CRC TPP, pour le Développement (CIRAD- Asia Pacific Forest Genetic Sta Lucia) Guadeloupe) Resources Programme Coordination Nationale du Projet (APFORGEN) Centre de Coopération Internationale parc W en Recherche Agronomique pour le Asociación de Agricultores de Développement (CIRAD-NCL) Cornell University Quinua – Puno Centre de Recherche Agronomique Corporación Bananera Nacional Asociación de Agroindustriales de de Loudima (CRAL) (CORBANA) Granos Andinso (ASAIGA) Centre National de Gestion des Corporación Colombiana de Asociación de Productores de Réserves de Faune Investigación Agropecuaria Azangaro (APROA) (CORPOICA) Centre National de Recherche Asociación de Productores de Agronomique, Côte d’Ivoire (CNRA) Council for Scientific & Industrial Azangaro (APROA) Research, Plant Genetic Resources Centre National de Recherches Asociación Especializada para el Centre (CSIR-PGRC) Agronomiques (CNRA) Desarrollo (AEDES-Arequipa) Cuban Man and Biosphere National Centre on Science and Technologies Assam Agricultural University (AAU) Committee under the Cabinet of Ministers of Association of Agricultural Research Uzbekistan Délégation générale à la recherche Institutes in Near East and North scientifique et technologique Centro Agronómico Tropical de Africa (AARINENA) (DGRST) Investigacíon y Enseñanza (CATIE) Association of farmers - Abyan Department of Agricultural Research Centro de Energia Nuclear na Governorate & Technical Services (DARTS) Agricultura (CENA), Association of herbalists- Hadramout Department of Agriculture Centro de Investication y Estudios Governorate Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Department of Science and Ateneo School of Government Technology Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de AUGURA-URABA Yucatan (CICY) Departments of Ministries of Banana Research Station (BRS Agriculture & Environment Centro de Investigaciones Kerala) Protection in the Almaty, Jambyl & Fitoecogenéticas de Pairumani South-Kazakhstan provinces Bangladesh Agricultural Research (CIFP) Institute (BARI) Desarrollo Integral Campesino (DCI) Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Belize Banana Board Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical/ Desert Research Center Biosphere Reserve Management Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Direction de la Faune, de la Pêche et Committee Agropecuária (CNPMF-EMBRAPA) de la Pisciculture Bolama-Bijagos Archipelago Centro para el Desarollo Ecoregion for Paramos Biosphere Reserve Agropecuaria y Forestal (CEDAF) Empresa Altiplano Botanic Gardens Conservation Centro Regional de Investigación y Empresa Brasiliera de Pesquisa International Desarrollo Rural (CRIDER) Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA- Cruz das British Cocoa, Chocolate and CGIAR Centres with germplasm Almas) Confectionary Alliance (BCCCA) collections Empresa Fortigrano Bushyeni Farmers Association Chairs of Regional Groups attending Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, CARE, Africare negotiations of the Convention on Zamorano Biological Diversity, Governing Body CARE-Peru Escuela Zamorano, National of the International Treaty, FAO Agricultural School Case Western Reserve University Commission on Genetic Resources (CWRU) Estacion Biologica del Beni for Food and Agriculture. 40 Research Partners Estación Experimental Andenes IFAD Loan: Corredor Cusco-Puno Institut Togolais de Recherche (INIA, Cuzco), Project; Agronomique (ITRA) Estación Experimental Illpa (INIA, IFAD Loan: Dhamar Participatory Institute for Research and Higher Puno) Rural Development Project; AgriculturalEducation, Tunisia Estacion Experimental Santa Catalina IFAD Loan: Livelihood Improvement (IRESA) ETHIOPIAN AGRICULTURAL Project for the Himalayas (LIPH), Institute for the Promotion of RESEARCH ORGANISATION (EARO) Dehradun, Uttaranchal; Horticultural Exports European Forest Genetic Resources IFAD Loan: Orissa Tribal Institute for Tropical and Sub- Programme (EUFORGEN) Empowerment & Livelihood Tropical Crops Facultad de Agronomía de la Programme (OTELP), Govt. of Institute for Tropical and Sub- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Orissa, Bhubaneswar (Orissa Tropical Crops (ARC-ITSC) (UMSA) State). Institute Nationale de la Recherche Fedaral University of Santa Catarina IFAD Loan: Small Industries Agronomique (INRA) Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-Biotechnology and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh State). Development and Marketing Genetic Resource at National Indian Council of Agricultural Field Crop Research and Agricultural Research centre Research Development Institute, Department Islamabad of Agriculture (FCRDI-GLORC) Indian Institute of Horticultural Institute of Agricultural Research for Research (IIHR) Fondation pour le Developpement du Development, Ministry of Scientific Sahel (FDS) Indonesian Centre for Horticultural and Research innovation R&D (ICHORD) Fondo Ecuatorianun Populorum Institute of Botany of the Tajik Progressium Institut Centafricain de la Recherche Academy of Sciences Agricole Food and Agriculture Organization Institute of Crop Germplasm Institut d’Economie Rurale Resources, CAAS, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Institut de Recherche Agronomique Instituto de Ecologia de Guinée - Sérédou (IRAG) Frankfurt University Instituto de Innovación Tecnológica Institut de Recherche Agronomique y Promoción del Desarrollo Fundación para el Desarrollo et Zootechnique (IRAZ) (PIWANDES) Agropecuario (FUNDAGRO); Escuela Politécnica del Litoral Institut de recherche pour le Instituto de investigaciones de (ESPOL); Instituto Nacional de développement (IRD) sanidad vegetal (INISAV); Instituto Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIAP) Institut de recherches agronomiques Nacional de Investigaciones Fundación Promoción e Investigación et forestières (IRAF) Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT) de Productos Andinos (PROINPA) Institut des Sciences Agronomiques Instituto de Investigaciones en du Rwanda (ISAR) Fruticultura Tropical Fundacion Servicio para el Agricultor G.B. Pant University of Agriculture Institut National de la Recherche Instituto de Investigaciones en Agronomique Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT) and Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Uttaranchal Institut National de la Recherche Instituto de Investigaciones y Agronomique Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Garrygala Research and Production Centre of Plant Genetic Resources Institut National de la Recherche Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Agronomique (UNA) Gatsby Cameroon General Office of Forestry under the Institut National de Recherche Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agronomique (INRAT) Agrícola (INIA) Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources Institut National de Recherches Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB/CRA- Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP) Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fruit Tree Research SB) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Institute (GAAS-FTRI) Institut National des Recherches Agraria Horticultural Crop R&D Institute Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Integrated Rural Development Center (HORDI), Department of Agriculture, Institut National pour l’Etude et la International Center for Agricultural Agricultural Research Station Recherche Agronomique (INERA - Research in the Dry Areas Mvuazi) (ICARDA) Horticulture Research Institute IFAD Loan: Al Dalah Rural Institut sénégalais de recherches International Crops Research Development Project; agricoles (ISRA) Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IFAD Loan: Al Mahara Rural Institut Togolais de la Recherche (ICRISAT) Development Project; Agronomique (ITRA) 41 Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 International Food Policy Research Mickey Leland International Hunger National Research Centre for Institute Fellows Program, Congressional Soybean, Indore International Food Policy Research Hunger Center (NGO) National Research Centre on Banana Institute (IFPRI) Ministry of Agriculture (ICAR) (NRCB) International Livestock Research Ministry of Agriculture National Research Institutions Institute (ILRI) Ministry of Agriculture National Science Foundation (NSF) International Livestock Research Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Institute (ILRI) Affairs, General Directorate of Agricole de Tafilalet ORMVAT International Rice Research Institute Agricultural Research Oregon State University (IRRI) Ministry of Agriculture and Water Outma Natural Conservation Istituto Sperimentale per la Resources Management Association Frutticoltura Ministry of Agriculture, Water Philippine Coconut Authority IUCN The World Conservation Union Resources Management and Phu Ho Fruit Crop Research Center John Innes Centre Processing Industry (PHU HO FCRC) Kastom Gaden Association (KGA) Ministry of Ecology and Emergency Plant Research International (PRI) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL) Ministry of Economics Programa Campesino a Campesino, Kazakh National Agrarian University Ministry of Education National Agrarian University Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Ministry of Education PROMARENA Project (KARI) Ministry of Education and Science Proyecto de Investigación en Waru Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) Ministry of Environment Warus (PIWA) Khorezm Academy of Mamun Ministry of Environment Queensland Department of Khorog State University named Ministry of Environment Protection Primary Industries (QDPI-SOUTH after Acad. M. Nazarshoev of the Ministry of Forestry and Soil JOHNSTONE) Ministry of Education Conservation Queensland Horticultural Institute Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS Ministry of Nature Protection Queensland University of Technology LA CORONILLA Musa Instituto Politecnico Loyola (QUT) La Universidad je Zulia (UZ) (MIP LOYOLA) Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole Lapanday Foods Corporation Myanmar Agriculture Service, de Ouarzazat ORMVAO Latin American Forest Genetic Ministry of Agric. and Irrigation, Republican Self-Sustained Resources Programme Dep. of Agricultural Planning (MAS- Association “Tajiknikholparvar” of (LAFORGEN) DAP) the Ministry of Agriculture Malaysian Agricultural Research and National Academy of Science Research Institute for Economy Development Institute (MARDI) National Agricultural Research of Agroindustrial Complex and Development of Rural Territories Masterfoods Coordinating Council (NARCC) MAX PLANCK Institute for Chemical National Agricultural Research Research Institute for Fruits, Agency Ecology Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (RIF-SOLOK) Members of AARINENA Network National Agricultural Research Members of AFORNET Network Institute (NARI-LALOKI) Research Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction Members of AFREA Network National Board on Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) Research Institute of farming, Bishek Members of APAFRI Network National Bureau Plant Genetic Research Institute of Horticultural Members of ASARECA Network Resources and Viticulture of the Research and Members of CAPGERNET Network Production Centre of Processing National Genebank of Tanzania Members of CATn-PGR and Food Industry of the Ministry (TPRI) of Agriculture Members of CORAF National Horticultural Research Research Institute of Plant Members of EAPGREN Network Institute (NIHORT) Physiology, Genetics and Members of ECP/GR Network National Horticulture Research Bioengineering Members of NORGEN Network Institute (NIHORT) Réseau des Association de la Members of REDARFIT Network National Plant Genetic Resources Réserve de Biosphère de l’Arganier Members of REGENSUR Network Centre Reserva de la Biosfera Cuchillas Members of REMERFI Network National plant genetic resources de Toa. Unidad de Servicios programmes (genebanks) Members of TROPIGEN Network Ambientales de Guantánamo 42 Research Partners Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Tamil Nadu Agricultural University University Southern Mindanau (USM) Rosario. Centro de Investigaciones Tashkent State Agrarian University University‚ Biskra y Servicios Ambientales ECOVIDA Texas A & M University (TAMU) UP Los Baños, Institute of Plant SADC Plant Genetic Resources The Argan biosphere reserve Breeding (NPGRL-UPLB) Centre The Association des Conseillers USC Canada Samah Agriculture cooperative – Agronomiques du Sahel (ACAS- Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Dhamar Gao) Industry Secretaria del Estado de Agricultura The GEF Small Grants Programme Vietnam Agricultural Science Secretariat for the Convention on (UNDP-GEF/SGP) Malaysia Country Institute (VASI) Biological Diversity Office Vietnam Agricultural Science Secretariat for the Pacific The Haut Commiserait des Eaux et Institute (VASI-HANOI) Community Foret Washington State University Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria Union of Indigenous Organization Wazer Farmer cooperative – (SENASA); Instituto Nacional de from Cotacachi Hadramout Governorate Investigación Agrícola (INIA)- United Nations University Ministerio de Agricultura Women Economics Empowerment Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB) Association (WEEA) Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Universidad de Leon (UNAN Leon) World Conservation Union (IUCN) Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences Universidad EARTH World Food Program-supported Sime Darby Technology Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Project on Strengthening nutritional (UNA) security of children through the Sociedad Productora de Quinua (SOPROQUI) Universidade Católica de Brasília ‘India-mix’ (UCB) World Vision - Rwanda South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guandong Academy of Université Catholique du Graben, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Agricultural Sciences (GAAS) University of Kinshasa Sciences South China Agricultural University, Universite de Agadir - Faculty Of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Agronomy 2 Self Help Group Associations from Research Laboratory (SCAU) Universities Namakkal (Tamil Nadu State) STANFILCO, Dole University of Aden 3 Self Help Group Associations from State Committee for Nature University of Agricultural Sciences, Balia, Jeypore (Orissa State) Protection Bangalore 3 Self Help Group Associations from State Committee for Nature University of Agricultural Sciences, Chembuthuvalavu (Kolli Hill, Tamil Dharwad Nadu State) Protection and Forestry State Forest Service University of Aleppo 3 Self Help Group Associations from Padasolai (Kolli Hill, Tamil Nadu Sub-Saharan African Forest University of Birmingham State) Genetic Resources Programme University of Bonn (SAFORGEN) University of Damascus Supreme Council of Science University of Georgia (UGA) Taiwan Banana Research Institute University of Kassel (TBRI (PINGTUNG)) University of Liege Tajik Academy of Agricultural University of Malawi Sciences University of Malaya (UM) Tajik Institute of Forest Research and Management of the State University of Malaysia Committee for Nature Protection University of Mauritius and Forestry University of Minnesota Tajik Research Institute of Economics University of Panama and Agricultural Production of University of Puerto Rico the Tajik Academy of Agricultural University of Queensland (UQ) Sciences University of Samarqand Tajik State Commission on Agricultural Crops’ Varieties Testing University of San’a and Variety Protection of the University of Tuscia Ministry of Agriculture 43 Bioversity International – Annual Report 2012 – www.bioversityinternational.org/annualreport2012 Scientific Publications Book chapters Engels, J.M.M.; L. Maggioni. Ingram, J.C., F. DeClerck, 2012. AEGIS: a regionally based C. Rumbaitis del Rio. 2012. Carmona, N.E., F. DeClerck. approach to PGR conservation. Conclusion: integrating ecology 2012. Payment for ecosystem In: N. Maxted et al., eds. and poverty reduction. In In: services for energy, biodiversity, Agrobiodiversity conservation: J.C. Ingram, F. DeClerck, C. conservation and poverty reduction securing the diversity of crop wild Rumbaitis del Rio, eds. Integrating in Costa Rica. In: J.C. Ingram, F. relatives and landraces. UK: CABI, ecology and poverty reduction. DeClerck, C. Rumbaitis del Rio, pp. 321-326. The application of ecology in eds. Integrating ecology and development solutions. Springer, Fanzo, J., F. Mattei. 2012. poverty reduction. The application pp. 303-310. Ensuring agriculture biodiversity of ecology in development and nutrition remain central to Maxted, N., Z.I. Akparov, M. solutions. Springer, pp. 191-210. addressing MDG1 hunger target. Aronsson, A. Asdal, A. 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Effects of grassland management practices on soil organic carbon, An analysis with three objective weighting methods. Chinese Journal of Ecology. 31(4), pp. 1-7. 50 Establishment Agreement The international status of Bioversity International is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by December 2012, had been signed by the Governments of: Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Nepal, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Credits Director General Emile Frison Head of Communications Kirsten Khire Writing and Editing by Nora Capozio, Samantha Collins, Kirsten Khire, Marta Millere and Camilla Zanzanaini Design and Layout by Nora Capozio and Pablo Gallo Printed by (Progress Press Co Limited, Malta), on FSC certified paper Annual Report 2012 Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food secure future. Bioversity International is registered as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in the US. Bioversity International (UK) is a Registered UK Charity No. 1131854. © Bioversity International 2013 Bioversity Headquarters Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese, (Fiumicino) Rome, Italy www.bioversityinternational.org Tel. (39) 06 61181 Fax. (39) 06 61979661 Email: bioversity@cgiar.org ISBN: 978-92-9043-938-7