AG 4390/AG 5371: Global Agriculture Leadership Academy APPLICATION AND COUNTRY CASE STUDY Rowena Andrea Valmonte-Santos (Senior Research Analyst) Ruth Meinzen-Dick (Senior Research Fellow) With support from Scaling Up Experiential Learning Tools for Sustainable Water Governance in India Research Team Department of Agriculture, Texas State University| 24 March 2023 SCHEDULE 1:00-3:00pm, Wednesday, March 22:  CGIAR and its Research Centers  Agriculture Sector and Common Pool Resources 2:00-4:00pm, Thursday, March 23:  Common Pool Resources  Collective Action and Property Rights 3:00-5:00pm, Friday, March 24:  Application: Games for Sustainability  Country Case Study: India Water as Common Pool Resource  High subtractability - One person’s use reduces availability for others  Low excludability – difficult to establish boundaries  Fugitive resource - hard to see where it goes Groundwater: Additional challenges  Low visibility  Lack of understanding of resource dynamics Source: Meinzen-Dick, R. 2022  Difficult to identify aquifer boundaries, especially in hard rock  “Traditional knowledge” insufficient with rapidly developing pumping technology  State regulation not enough Need for collective action to manage the resource https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/water-and-collective-action?from_search=3 Community water management  Technical tools to improve understanding of water resources, but what motivation to use them?  Community water management programs often not sustained  Social innovations  From “teaching” to “social learning” Source: Games for Sustainability https://gamesforsustainability.org/ Let’s play a game! Source: Games for Sustainability https://gamesforsustainability.org/ SURFACE WATER GAME – DAM IRRIGATION  Water uses • Domestic • Livestock • Fisheries • Farming  Assumptions: 1. Dam – supports 14 units of irrigation 2. Farmer contributes to dam maintenance (labor, $) 3. Farmland = 1 ha/farmer 4. Water withdrawal – Farmer 1; Farmer 2; etc Source: Irrigation in India https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F9%2F98%2FSardar_Sarovar_Canal_with_flow.jpg%2F1200px-Sardar_Sarovar_Canal_with_flow.jpg&tbnid=N8GZC7vj-kLuaM&vet=12ahUKEwissvWZnfX9AhXMIt4AHVR-AAIQMygCegUIARDIAQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIrrigation_in_India&docid=b__kDe_B4CKFEM&w=1200&h=812&q=surface%20water%20irrigation%20in%20india&ved=2ahUKEwissvWZnfX9AhXMIt4AHVR-AAIQMygCegUIARDIAQ Experiential Learning  Can games be used to strengthen collective resource management? • Offer safe environment to experience shared challenge • Simulate several seasons in short time • Encourage discussion of situation • Try different institutional arrangements (Rules) • Shape “mental models” and understanding of relationships (biophysical and social) Requires understanding of behavior Source: Meinzen-Dick, R. 2022 https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/water-and-collective-action?from_search=3  Contribute to dam maintenance  Total group investment  irrigation water availability  Choose crop A or B with different water use and returns  Sequential water access  Community debriefing Surface Water Game Source: Meinzen-Dick, R. 2022 https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/water-and-collective-action?from_search=3 Community Debriefing  Full village invited  Basics of game described  Share general game results • No specifics about individuals  Small group discussions led by game participants  Engage community in discussions • How this relates to own experiences and challenges in farming • Lessons and insights participants gained from the experience • Possible solutions Source: Meinzen-Dick, R. 2022 https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/water-and-collective-action?from_search=3 COUNTRY CASE STUDY: INDIA Scaling up Experiential Learning Tools for Sustainable Water Governance in India Improve the capacities of 3,500 rural communities covering 245,000 households directly and in partnership with other NGOs and Government in six Indian states to manage water more sustainably. SCALING UP EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER GOVERNANCE IN INDIA  Approaches • experiential learning from collective action games • structured community debriefings • participatory water planning tools - greater awareness - improved governance inducing behavioral change toward more sustainable water management https://www.ifpri.org/project/scaling-experiential-learning-tools-sustainable-water-governance-india https://www.ifpri.org/project/scaling-experiential-learning-tools-sustainable-water-governance-india How can games and debriefing influence behavior? Source: Meinzen-Dick, R. 2022 https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/water-and-collective-action?from_search=3 Outcomes of Games Game States Year # habitations Outcomes Groundwater pilot Andhra Pradesh 2013, 2014 17 Some effect on attitudes Communities more likely to adopt water registers & rules for groundwater * Surface water Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh 2016 2017 30 60 Communities more likely brought swelling water conflicts to the table and engaged in dam maintenance activities * Groundwater expansion Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh 2014- 2019 214 Total 3747 farmers adopted less water consumptive crops or varieties and irrigation scheduling to save water** *Compared to randomly selected control communities where game has no been played **Compared to farmers’ reported behavior, prior to the games Taken from India to Ethiopia and Ghana starting in 2021 Source: Meinzen-Dick et al. 2022. https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/commoning-water-experiential-learning-tools-to-strengthen-water-governance?from_search=0 Importance of Follow-up Tools Download from https://cwb.fes.org.in/ Download from https://det.fes.org.in Source: Meinzen-Dick et al. 2022. https://cwb.fes.org.in/ https://det.fes.org.in/ https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/commoning-water-experiential-learning-tools-to-strengthen-water-governance?from_search=0 538 774 300 244 307 99 258 214 627 1062 464 404 395 152 350 405 89 288 165 159 88 53 92 191 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Intercrops (Wheat, Jowar etc.), Mandal, Bhilwara Wheat, Mandal, Bhilwara Cotton- CWB, Yavatmal Cotton+Redgram- CWB, Yavatmal Wheat- CWB, Yavatmal Gram- CWB, Yavatmal Jowar- CWB, Yavatmal Tomato, Chittoor Water Used & saved (Litre/ Kg of Prodcue) Lo ca tio ns & C ro ps Water Used Before and After Crop Water Budgeting Rabi - 2019-20 Water Saved Water used Before CWB Source: Meinzen-Dick et al. 2022. https://www.slideshare.net/ifpri/commoning-water-experiential-learning-tools-to-strengthen-water-governance?from_search=0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND RESEARCH PARTNERS SUMMARY  Application: Games for Sustainability  Country Case Study: Scaling Up Experiential Learning Tools For Sustainable Water Governance In India https://gamesforsustainability.org/ https://www.ifpri.org/project/scaling-experiential-learning-tools-sustainable-water-governance-india https://www.ifpri.org/project/scaling-experiential-learning-tools-sustainable-water-governance-india Questions? Slide Number 1 SCHEDULE Water as Common Pool Resource Community water management Slide Number 5 SURFACE WATER GAME – DAM IRRIGATION Slide Number 7 Experiential Learning Surface Water Game Community Debriefing COUNTRY CASE STUDY: INDIA Slide Number 12 SCALING UP EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER GOVERNANCE IN INDIA Slide Number 14 Outcomes of Games Importance of Follow-up Tools Slide Number 17 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND RESEARCH PARTNERS SUMMARY Questions?