Photo: Ian Masias/IFPRI Annual Report 2018 CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) The CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) is led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and brings together 15 CGIAR Centers and many partners. External managing partners include KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Michigan State University (MSU), University of Oxford, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), and World Vision International. Leadership of the program’s flagships is as follows: - Flagship 1: Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification: CIAT, IFPRI, MSU - Flagship 2: Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation: IFPRI, MSU - Flagship 3: Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains: CIMMYT, IFPRI, WUR - Flagship 4: Social Protection for Agriculture and Resilience: IFPRI - Flagship 5: Governance of Natural Resources: CIFOR, IFPRI - Flagship 6: Cross-cutting Gender Research and Coordination: IFPRI, KIT, University of Oxford Africa Rice Center Bioversity Center for International Center International Center International International for Agricultural for Tropical Forestry Research in the Dry Agriculture (CIAT) Research (CIFOR) Areas (ICARDA) International Crops International Food International International International Maize Research Institute Policy Research Institute of Livestock Research and Wheat for the Semi-Arid Institute (IFPRI) Tropical Institute (ILRI) Improvement Center Tropics (ICRISAT) Agriculture (IITA) (CIMMYT) International Potato International Rice International World Agroforestry WorldFish Center (CIP) Research Institute Water Centre (ICRAF) (IRRI) Management Institute (IWMI) External managing partners: Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 1 Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION ........................................................................................................... 2 1. Key results .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Progress towards SDGs and SLOs ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 Progress towards outputs and outcomes .............................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Overall CRP progress .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Progress by flagship ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 Variance from planned program .................................................................................... 5 1.2.4 Altmetric and publication highlights ................................................................................ 6 1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level) .............................................................................. 7 1.3.1 Gender ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of social inclusion / “Leaving no-one behind” ........................ 9 1.3.3 Capacity development .................................................................................................. 10 1.3.4 Climate change ............................................................................................................ 10 2. Effectiveness and efficiency ...................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Management and governance ............................................................................................ 11 2.2 Partnerships ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.1. Highlights of external partnerships .............................................................................. 11 2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR partnerships ......................................................................................... 12 2.3 Intellectual assets ................................................................................................................ 13 2.4 Monitoring, evaluation, impact assessment and learning ................................................... 13 2.5 Efficiency ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.6 Management of risks ........................................................................................................... 14 2.7 Use of W1-2 funding ........................................................................................................... 14 3. Financial summary .................................................................................................................... 15 Part B. TABLES ................................................................................................................................. 16 Table 1: Evidence on progress towards SRF targets ....................................................... 16 Table 2: List of policy contributions ................................................................................... 19 Table 3: List of outcome/impact case reports ................................................................... 24 Table 4: List of innovations ............................................................................................... 26 Table 5: Summary of status of planned outcomes and milestones .................................. 29 Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed journal articles ......................................................... 44 Table 7: Participants in capacity development activities ................................................... 44 Table 8: Key external partnerships ................................................................................... 45 Table 9: Internal cross-CGIAR collaborations ................................................................... 50 Table 10: Monitoring, evaluation, learning and impact assessment ................................. 54 Table 11: Update on actions taken in response to relevant evaluations .......................... 56 Table 12: Examples of W1/2 use ...................................................................................... 60 Table 13: CRP financial report .......................................................................................... 61 Part C: Additional evidence to be submitted through Management Information Systems or as indicated ............................................................................................................................................ 62 Evidence A: Full list of policy contributions ............................................................................... 62 Evidence B: Full list of innovations ........................................................................................... 62 Evidence C: Outcomes and milestones .................................................................................... 62 Evidence D: Full list of peer-reviewed journal articles .............................................................. 63 Evidence E: Altmetric ................................................................................................................ 86 Evidence F: Full list of current external partners ....................................................................... 86 Evidence G: Participants in capacity development activities .................................................... 87 Annex: Progress by flagships ............................................................................................................ 99 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2018, research conducted under the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) informed policies, strategies, and investments of several governments, development organizations, non-governmental organizations, and private companies in many countries in Africa south of the Sahara, Asia, and Latin America. For instance, PIM contributed to shaping climate change mitigation policies in the Philippines; innovations in agricultural advisory services in India, Kenya, Malawi, and Rwanda; biosafety systems in Malawi; national investment plans in China, Malawi, and Rwanda; food policies in Pakistan; seed distribution and marketing in Ethiopia; value chain improvements for women in Honduras; safety net programs in Bangladesh, Egypt, and Mali; and improved rangeland governance in Tanzania. The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index results influenced many strategies and programs. PIM findings were actively disseminated in multiple global and regional fora. They influenced the global discourse on sustainable food production, informed trade partnership agreements, and generated knowledge on how to measure food losses. Several donor strategies relied on PIM for inputs (Multi-Donor Initiative on Crops to End Hunger, International Fund for Agricultural Development’s Rural Development Report, USAID’s Global Food Security Strategy Country Plans). PIM findings spurred the creation of a research collaborative on safety nets to reduce domestic violence against women. PIM researchers engaged with implementation partners to pilot innovations, including extension methods based on information and communication technologies (Cambodia, Ethiopia, Uganda), picture-based insurance (India, Kenya), gender-inclusive contract farming schemes (Senegal, Uganda), and games on collective action for improved governance of natural resources (India). In accordance with its integrative function, PIM made a significant investment to strengthen CGIAR collaboration. PIM initiated discussions to produce high-level CGIAR reports on foresight and on gender and agriculture, which are proceeding with strong engagement of all CGIAR centers and CGIAR research programs. To better coordinate value chain research and knowledge dissemination across CGIAR, PIM organized a workshop as a first step towards transforming its existing community of practice into a broader one, including other CRPs. PIM, FTA, and WLE launched an initiative to strengthen collaboration on landscape restoration, with progress on a major restoration program in India. The Collaborative Platform for Gender Research hosted in PIM’s gender flagship issued its second call for cross-CRP studies, on the topic of “feminization of agriculture”; nine studies were approved, involving eight CRPs. PIM held a workshop on rural transformation at the 2018 International Conference for Agricultural Economists, with papers from nine CGIAR centers. PIM produced about 500 publications in 2018, including 164 journal articles – six of which were among the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric. PIM’s trainings increased the capacity of over 8,000 people in 40 countries. On the monitoring and evaluation front, five ex post assessment studies were completed, including qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence and impact of IFPRI’s country programs as well as assessments of outcomes from the use of the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators initiative and of the Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development database. 1 Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION 1. Key results 1.1 Progress towards SDGs and SLOs (see Table 1) a) Overall contribution of the CGIAR towards the SRF targets in the relevant area of work for the CRP, based on rigorous adoption and/or impact data PIM and IFPRI undertook a set of qualitative and quantitative studies to examine the influence and estimate the quantitative impact of IFPRI’s country strategy support programs and country offices. The qualitative component (Hazell et al. 2018) identified many successful country cases. The quantitative component (Benin et al. 2018) consisted of a country-level (57 countries) time series (33-year period) econometric analysis using eight different policy and development outcome indicators, variables to capture IFPRI’s presence in a country, and many other variables to control for other factors. The authors found positive correlations between IFPRI’s presence and several desired outcomes, the most significant being increased land and labor productivity. Two reviews published in 2018 demonstrate the impact of social protection programs on poverty, consumption, and nutrition indicators. In the first review, Owusu-Addo et al. (2018) found that cash transfer programs led to a reduction in poverty in five out of six studies in Sub-Saharan Africa, and increased consumption of food and dietary diversity in nearly all countries studied. The other study (Hidrobo et al. 2018) found that social protection programs in developing countries increased the value of consumed food by about 13% and notably improved quality of diets. PIM research on the effectiveness of cash transfers contributed to the body of evidence studied, and directly supported program improvements (including quality of diet through nutrition education) in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. In Ethiopia, scaling up of the Direct Seed Marketing program to 1.4 million households in 2018 is partly based on the results of a PIM assessment of the pilot program in 2013-2014. b) Any areas of learning from impact assessments which have influenced the direction of the program (see Table 11) In an impact assessment of PIM’s science and innovation policy research, Lynam (2016) showed that identifying national demand and opportunities for moving research into policy deliberations at critical times is of paramount importance for international public good research to be impactful at country level. The new strategy of the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators embraces this recommendation through a focus on demand-driven research collaboration and consideration of a diverse set of delivery mechanisms to inform policy. The authors of the 2015 external evaluation of PIM’s social protection research recommended further engagement in the global discourse. In response, the team organized a side event, keynote speech, and panel discussion at the 2018 “Accelerating the End of Hunger and Malnutrition” event; in addition, a lead scientist became a research advisor for World Vision’s Food Security and Livelihoods Sector. 1.2 Progress towards outputs and outcomes 1.2.1 Overall CRP progress Progress towards PIM’s 2022 outcomes is on track, as evidenced by achievement of nearly all 2018 milestones (Table 5) and submission of 23 outcome cases (Table 3). PIM’s research informed national agricultural policies or investment plans in China, Malawi, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Rwanda, and informed strategies of donors (Bill & Melinda 2 Gates Foundation, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), USAID, World Bank) at the global level and in countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Uganda. PIM partnered with governments, non-governmental organizations and private companies to pilot novel extension methods (video-mediated advisory services in Cambodia, Ethiopia and Uganda), interventions to enhance efficiency and inclusiveness of value chains and insurance products (e.g. in Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Kenya, Uganda), improved modalities of social protection programs (e.g. in Bangladesh, Egypt, Mali), and collective action games for landscape management (India). In accordance with its integrative role, PIM took actions to initiate CGIAR reports on foresight and on gender and agriculture, form a CGIAR community of practice on value chains, develop a partnership with FTA and WLE on landscape restoration, and organize a workshop on rural transformation with papers from nine CGIAR centers. PIM findings spurred the creation of a research collaborative on safety nets to reduce domestic violence against women. Collaborations among IFPRI, CIMMYT, Cornell University, IFAD, and Michigan State University led to publication of two special issues on structural transformation in Africa. PIM published 164 journal articles (Evidence D), and PIM’s trainings increased the capacity of 8,000 people in 40 countries (Evidence G). 1.2.2 Progress by flagship Flagship 1 “Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification” The foresight team made significant contributions to the global discourse on future food systems. Several high-impact articles on issues related to climate change mitigation and sustainable diets were published. Researchers modeled the impacts of investments in crop breeding for the Multi-Donor Initiative on Crops to End Hunger, undertook an analysis of trends for agriculture in Africa for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, contributed a background paper on climate change impacts on youth for the IFAD 2019 Rural Development Report, and conducted an ex ante evaluation of the impacts of changes in rice import policies for the Government of the Philippines. Researchers worked with decision makers to assess options for developing seed markets for vegetatively propagated and indigenous crops in Nepal, Nigeria, Uganda, and Vietnam, and explored the impact of novel extension tools in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Uganda. PIM continued to test innovations and assess their uptake in major sustainable intensification projects (Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia, Africa Rising). The Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative fueled policy debate within national agricultural research organizations in Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, and Tanzania. The Program for Biosafety Systems’ team helped improve the capacity of Malawi's National Biosafety Regulatory Committee. Flagship 2 “Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation” Work on economywide factors affecting agricultural growth and rural transformation influenced several government policies (Table 2). PIM's computable general equilibrium modeling tools informed the National Agriculture Investment Plans for Malawi and Rwanda. PIM contributed to two key policies in Pakistan: the National Food Security Policy and the Punjab Agricultural Policy. Research using the Statistics of Public Expenditures for Economic Development informed China’s decisions on agricultural expenditures and its Rural Revitalization Strategy. Several donor strategy documents were informed by PIM’s work, among which the United States Government Global Food Security Strategy Country Plans for Bangladesh and Ethiopia and the Government of Flanders' strategy on extension in Malawi. PIM tools helped USAID monitor countries' progress towards food security. 3 Continued support to the Structural Transformation of African Agriculture and Rural Spaces program resulted in a special issue of World Development on the structural transformation of African agriculture, while several PIM papers were included in another special issue on the same topic in the Journal of Development Studies. Several studies analyzed the effectiveness of public services for rural households, including the role played by recent devolution processes. The flagship teams conducted 92 short-term trainings for 2,935 individuals in 18 countries (Evidence G). Flagship 3 “Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains” PIM researchers worked with the Economic Community of West African States to evaluate impacts of North African countries joining the community. The Ag-Incentives team created a gender-focused version of the “nominal rate of protection” and evaluated distortions in several Indian value chains. The flagship team continued to work with FAO to manage a platform to share data and methodologies for measuring food losses, and evaluated selected interventions to reduce these losses. Several interventions to better link smallholders to value chains were tested (e.g. contract farming). Synthesis reviews on tools and approaches for gender-equitable value chain development and on agricultural innovation and inclusive value-chain development were published. Picture-based insurance garnered interest from partner organizations and expanded within India and into Ethiopia and Kenya. PIM held a cross-CRP meeting to initiate a CGIAR value chain community of practice and secure co-investment from other CRPs for coordinated studies. The Tools for Value Chains website was revamped. The PIM-supported gender-sensitive LINK methodology is now being used by the non- governmental organization Swisscontact to strengthen rural businesses in Honduras. The Direct Seed Marketing program in Ethiopia was scaled up to 1.4 million farmers in 2018 based partly on an earlier PIM study. Flagship 4 “Social Protection for Agriculture and Resilience” In 2018, research on social protection for agriculture and resilience included studies on the impact of social protection programs in ten countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Mali, Pakistan, Peru, Uganda, and Yemen) on a variety of outcomes, including poverty, income and assets, nutrition, resilience, gender, education, agricultural investment, and labor supply. Several program modalities are examined, including a graduation strategy (package of support for very poor people to facilitate their exit out of extreme poverty) in Ethiopia. The teams’ intensive engagement with donors and government stakeholders resulted in the use of PIM findings to modify the design of social protection programs in Bangladesh (Vulnerable Group Development Program and Improved Maternity and Lactating Mothers Allowance Program), Egypt (“Takaful and Karama” program), and Mali (“Programme de Filets Sociaux du Mali Jigisémèjiri”). Responding to increasing demand from donors and the development community, a new area of work focusing on improving resilience for the poor in fragile and low-income settings was included in the program. This research has generated policy-relevant insights on humanitarian aid responses in Mali, on the national cash transfer program in Yemen, and on the economic activities of the forcibly displaced Rohingya populations in Bangladesh. 4 Flagship 5 “Governance of Natural Resources” A PIM study found that community forest concessions in Guatemala have positive socioeconomic outcomes in addition to environmental benefits. The importance of these findings was acknowledged by the government. In Tanzania, support to joint village land use planning led to the protection and certification of 150,000 hectares in three shared grazing areas, and a manual on conflict resolution in village land use planning was produced for the government. Recommendations were formulated to apply land use planning to improve governance in Vietnam and Indonesia. PIM investments in action research on multistakeholder dialogue to address natural resource competition and conflict yielded an article on lessons learned from the large lake fisheries’ systems in Cambodia, Uganda, and Zambia and tools for cross-border stakeholder dialogue at the border between Kenya and Somalia. In partnership with International Land Coalition (ILC), PIM continued to identify effective strategies for multistakeholder platforms to influence policies in the context of ILC’s national engagement strategies in 22 countries. A new initiative was launched with FTA and WLE on landscape restoration, with progress on collaborative work in India, and a partnership was established with GIZ to examine the role of tenure security on forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia and Madagascar. Flagship 6 “Cross-cutting Gender Research and Coordination” As of 2018, 86 organizations in 53 countries have used the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI); for instance, the WEAI informed national programs in Bangladesh and Ethiopia and an Inter-American Development Bank project on agricultural technology in Bolivia. The Gender and Land Rights Database (a FAO product with PIM contribution) is used by policy makers and practitioners. Researchers throughout CGIAR use PIM gender research methods and guidelines, among which the WEAI and the Standards for Collecting Sex- Disaggregated Data. In 2018, PIM hosted the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The principal investigators for five projects on gender dynamics in seed systems co-funded by the platform in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda synthesized findings towards a special issue of a journal. A review of gender-transformative approaches in agriculture was drafted. The Gender Platform’s annual Scientific Conference and Capacity Development Workshop enhanced cross-CGIAR collaboration on gender research and provided an opportunity to train researchers on methods, tools, and initiatives (e.g. the WEAI, Gender and Breeding Initiative, gender and big data…). PIM researchers worked with implementation partners and decision makers to evaluate causes and consequences of women’s empowerment in agriculture and formulate recommendations in Bangladesh, Colombia, Mali, Senegal, and Uganda. 1.2.3 Variance from planned program (a) Have any promising research areas been significantly expanded? If so, for each example, please explain clearly where the demand came from (promising research results, demand from partners etc.). Where has the money for expansion come from? Among the activities that benefited from an additional allocation of W1-2 funding at mid-year (see Section 3), many were linked to gender research (within the gender platform or within PIM’s research on gender in Flagship 6), in line with the continued high demand from funders in this area, and several laid emphasis on the implications of transformation and migration on gender roles and benefit sharing between women and men – a priority area identified by the 5 CGIAR gender coordinators’ group. Employment in value chains was also a priority topic for these additional investments, in recognition of the growing importance of creating decent jobs for rural youth. Other additional funds were allocated to expand political economy research and study policy options to respond to climate change. (b) Have any research lines been dropped or significantly cut back? If so, please give specific examples and brief reasons. If funding was reallocated to other work, where did the money go? An effort had started in 2015 to identify the most pressing market inefficiencies globally using a framework for computing distortions for a large number of country/value chain combinations. This work was not successful outside of a few value chains, and funding was dropped in 2018. PIM had supported regional value chains hubs to facilitate uptake of value chain development tools by implementation partners and incorporate successful approaches into large-scale development interventions. An informal evaluation of the hubs revealed that they were not cost-effective in supporting research-development linkages for the whole CGIAR. During 2018 this investment was scaled back, to stop in 2019. Due to delays in the renewal of a bilateral grant, the level of PIM’s contribution to developing monitoring indicators for the African Union Declaration on Land was reduced. Unspent funds were re-allocated to strengthening research on the effects of the new parcel-level land certification program in Ethiopia. (c) Have any flagship or specific research areas changed direction? If so, please describe how, and the reason Based on several funders’ (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, International Fund for Agricultural Development) interest for identification of priority areas for investment at the national level, investment in this topic increased. Funding for this was taken from the line of funding on mechanization research: since the objectives set for PIM’s efforts on mechanization had already been achieved, the investment in this area in 2018 was reduced to policy engagement and synthesizing the products delivered in previous years in a book scheduled for 2020. A new approach for more collaboration on value chains with other CRPs and implementation partners with large reach was initiated at the end of 2018 in replacement of the hubs. 1.2.4 Altmetric and publication highlights Altmetric scores were provided by the IFPRI Knowledge Management team for 451 out of the 479 2018 publications tagged “PIM” in the IFPRI repository: 135 journal articles, 24 books/book chapters, and 292 discussion papers and other non peer-reviewed outputs. Altmetric data were downloaded on April 8, 2019. Six articles from this list, on topics ranging from foresight modeling to social protection and governance of natural resources, are among the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric. The article “Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits” (Nature) received the highest attention, with a score of 2038. It was cited in 176 news stories from 112 outlets, including BBC News, Bloomberg, CNN, Die Welt, Focus.it, Forbes, Le Monde, Newsweek, The Guardian, The New York Times, and Yahoo News, and in 20 blogs. According to Altmetric data it is also PIM’s top-scoring paper for incorporation into policy documents, with four policy documents referencing it. 1,421 Twitter users with an upper bound of 6,007,130 followers shared the link to the paper in 1,580 tweets. 6 Two other foresight-related articles, “Health-motivated taxes on red and processed meat: A modelling study on optimal tax levels and associated health impacts” (PLoS ONE, score of 857) and “Risk of increased food insecurity under stringent global climate change mitigation policy” (Nature Climate Change, score of 544), are among the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric. A paper on safety nets as a promising tool to reduce intimate partner violence also received high attention (Altmetric score of 314), with 32 mentions in the media, including an article in VoxDev. Science invited experts to share their views on how to avert tragedies related to mismanagement of common pool resources. Ruth Meinzen-Dick (PIM)’s contribution to this article recommended behavioral games and multistakeholder participatory processes to create mutual understanding and consensus among stakeholders. This article garnered an Altmetric score of 267. Among the books with contribution of PIM, the highest scores were achieved by IFPRI’s 2018 Global Food Policy Report (score: 65) and “The economics of teff: Exploring Ethiopia’s biggest cash crop” (score of 39). The highest Altmetric scores for non peer-reviewed publications – much lower than those for peer-reviewed publications – were received by two impact evaluation reports: “Impact evaluation study for Egypt's Takaful and Karama cash transfer program: Part 2: Qualitative Report” (score of 38) and “IFPRI country programs: Lessons from case study successes” (score of 26). 1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level) 1.3.1 Gender a) List any important CRP research findings, methods or tools, capacity development, policy changes or outcomes in the reporting year related to gender issues • Results from an evaluation of the “volunteer farmer trainer” approach show that the proportion of women among volunteer trainers is often higher than among public extension workers, which increases women farmers’ access to agricultural information. • In Uganda, providing information about new technologies to a husband and wife together is more effective than targeting only one individual within the household (van Campenhout et al. 2018). • Research in Kenya (Diiro et al. 2018) finds that women’s empowerment in agriculture significantly increases maize productivity. Productivity gains are largest on plots managed by women. • A study in Ethiopia finds that the introduction of row planting for teff increases women’s share of labor. • Analysis of how rights (to land, to income from selling agricultural products, etc.) are distributed within the household can shed light on how technology adoption affects women and men differently (Theis et al. 2018). • Gender-differentiated indicators of nominal rates of protection were developed for Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda, which will allow for analyses of trade and macroeconomic policies to consider gender outcomes more explicitly in these countries. • The gender-sensitive LINK manual was translated into Spanish for use by the NGO Swisscontact to train 19 rural business and agricultural advisors in using this methodology to increase women’s economic empowerment in Honduras. • A review of tools and approaches for gender-equitable value chain development finds that gaps persist in their coverage of gender-based constraints in cooperatives and other types of collectively owned enterprises, the influence of existing norms on gender 7 relations, and processes to transform inequitable relations through value chain development. • Emergency school feeding during conflict in Mali led to a decrease in the time spent on farm-related labor for girls, but not for boys (Aurino et al. 2018). • In Ghana, although women still provide more unpaid farm labor than men, the share of women who do so as their primary occupation is decreasing, which contradicts the widely spread idea of a “feminization of agriculture” (Lambrecht et al. 2018). • A study on Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Mozambique, and Nepal finds that the amount of time that women spend cooking and on domestic work is positively correlated with more diverse diets. • The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) and the Abbreviated WEAI were used by at least 86 organizations in 53 countries as of December 2018. • The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index for Value Chains is being piloted to assess empowerment of women and men in cashews, fruits, and dairy value chains in Honduras and in abaca, coconut, seaweed, and swine value chains in the Philippines. • Results from the use of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, and Uganda were used by USAID to design programs in these countries. • In a review on the link between safety net cash transfers and domestic violence against women, 16 out of 22 studies show that cash transfers led to a decrease in this form of violence. The Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence research collaborative was established to generate a larger body of evidence on this relationship (see example for Bangladesh). • The Gender Platform’s annual Scientific Conference and Capacity Development Workshop served as a platform to share findings on the gender dimensions of health and nutrition, gender norms and innovation, and decision making around technology adoption, among other topics. • The Gender Platform facilitated a discussion among gender research coordinators to provide inputs into the development of the CGIAR Performance Standard on identification of gender relevance in outcomes, policies, and milestones. The items above result from work by Bioversity International, CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRAF, IFPRI, and IWMI. b) Mention any important findings that have influenced the direction of the CRP’s work, and how things have changed • PIM-supported research shows that safety net programs focused on poverty reduction can have unintended positive or negative impacts on gender-related outcomes. In Bangladesh, cash and food transfers and nutrition counseling led to sustained reductions in domestic violence against women, while in Egypt, cash transfers reduced women’s decision-making power. Based on these findings, PIM research will continue to assess gendered impacts of social protection measures even when they do not have explicit gender objectives. • Previous findings related to the characteristics of migration in developing countries, and specifically the finding that males tend to migrate more than females from rural villages, have led to an increased focus on the implications of migration for women and their families left behind. c) Have any problems arisen in relation to gender issues or integrating gender into the CRP’s research? • Although progress has been made on the inclusion of gender dimensions into macroeconomic policy analysis, this is limited to a few countries where micro-level data are available. Incorporating gender dimensions into other global and national modeling tools remains challenging. 8 1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of social inclusion / “Leaving no-one behind” a) List any important CRP research findings, methods or tools, capacity development, policy changes or outcomes in the reporting year related to youth issues • A study looking at the implications of climate change for the employment, income, and health prospects of the youth finds that most of the countries that have large proportions of young people are underinvesting in agricultural science and in job creation; this is particularly the case in Africa south of the Sahara. • Jointly with the International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications and other partners, the Program for Biosafety Systems team organized a workshop in Kenya on opportunities for the youth in the sector of biotechnologies (33 countries were represented at this event). • PIM investigated whether using youth-differentiated indicators of nominal rates of protection can provide insights on the specific effects of macroeconomic policies on the youth. So far, no differentiated impact on the youth has been found. • A PIMI/University of Oxford team investigated how youth migration affects household labor, hired labor demand, and income. Authors find that the migration of a head-of- household’s sons produces a greater burden, particularly on female heads/spouses (in Ethiopia) and brothers (in Malawi). • A study in Nigeria finds that a larger expected land inheritance reduces the likelihood of long-distance permanent migration by both male and female youth. • A study in Ethiopia finds that participation in land rental markets helps landlords exit poverty and that this effect is stronger for older landlords than for younger ones. • Research in Tanzania finds that rental markets are important mechanisms through which young farmers access land, but that younger farmers face higher transaction costs and higher prices when renting land than do older farmers. • A background paper for the IFAD 2019 Rural Development Report highlights the need for development programs to consider both productive and reproductive roles for both young men and young women. The items above result from work by CIMMYT and IFPRI. b) Mention any important findings that have influenced the direction of the CRP’s work, and how things have changed • PIM has undertaken several studies that look at land access and markets, livelihood choice, or migration behavior, in most cases with relatively high attention to the youth. Two recent studies analyze these three topics jointly, with an age perspective, in Ethiopia and Nigeria, and show that adopting this more holistic approach is desirable in future work. In addition, synthesis of the previous research on the individual topics mentioned above is planned for 2019. • Previous research highlighted the importance of the non-farm economy for the income of rural households. This has led to enhanced focus on understanding employment opportunities within and outside of agriculture, with a particular emphasis on the youth. A book on jobs for rural youth in Africa is scheduled for publication in 2019, and studies on youth employment in different value chains have been launched. c) Have any problems arisen in relation to youth issues or integrating youth into the CRP’s research? • While progress has been made in collecting data on sex-disaggregated land rights, methods for collecting data on age-differentiated land rights are less developed. As noted above with respect to gender, integrating age dimensions into global and national models remains a challenge. 9 1.3.3 Capacity development • A total of 8,032 people were trained by PIM in 2018 (4,978 men and 3,054 women) (Table 7; Evidence G). • A core group of “master trainers” were trained in their role as champions of the New Extensionist Learning Kit, tasked with adapting the kit’s learning modules to the specific contexts of various African countries. • The Nigeria Strategy Support Program team held training workshops with government officials and university students on methods and tools for policy analysis and communications. A policy communications masterclass was attended by 30 journalists. • The Kaleidoscope Model was presented to 30 staff of the USAID Bureau for Food Security as a potential tool for analysis of policy processes. • Four fellows were selected for the Structural Transformation of African Agriculture and Rural Spaces (STAARS) program in 2018, which brings to 18 the number of STAARS fellows since the start of the program. • An online course titled “Land Matters! Integrating Soil Degradation Concerns and Solutions into Policy Processes” was attended by 1,600 participants. • PIM built the capacity of government and local NGOs to implement joint village land use planning in Tanzania. A manual on conflict resolution in village land use planning was shared with the government to use for developing a national manual. • A partnership with the National Agrarian University La Molina in Peru to study land and forest tenure security of indigenous communities resulted in increased emphasis on social science in the university’s Forest Engineer curriculum. • The Gender Platform held capacity development workshops on gender and breeding, gender-transformative approaches in agriculture, gender and big data, and proposal/ abstract writing, among others. • The ten webinars held by the gender platform in 2018 reached almost 400 people. About the same number of people attended the nine webinars organized by the PIM Program Management Unit. The items above result from work by CIFOR, ICRISAT, IFPRI, and ILRI. 1.3.4 Climate change • By 2050, stringent climate mitigation policies, if implemented evenly across sectors and regions and without compensatory measures, would have a greater negative impact on global hunger than the direct impacts of climate change. The negative impacts would be most prevalent in low-income regions (Hasegawa et al. 2018). • In scenarios to 2050, the average benefits of widely shared economic growth, if achieved, are much greater than the modeled negative effects of climate change (Nelson et al. 2018). • In +1.5°C and +2.0°C global warming scenarios, global mitigation strategies encouraging bioenergy expansion are more disruptive to land use and crop prices than the impacts of climate change alone (Ruane et al. 2018). • Between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the environmental effects of the food system – including the effects of the food system on climate change – could increase by 50–90% in the absence of technological changes and mitigation measures, exceeding planetary boundaries (Springmann et al. 2018). • By 2050, the potential benefits of an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on global wheat grain and protein yield are likely to be negated by the impacts of rising temperatures and changes in rainfall, with considerable disparities between regions (Asseng et al. 2018). 10 • The net effect of climate change on wheat yield is expected to be positive in Jordan (Dixit et al. 2018) and negative in Mexico (Hernandez-Ochoa et al. 2018). • A study on the impact of climate change scenarios on potatoes predicts small global tuber yield reductions by 2055 (−2% to −6%), with larger reductions in the high latitudes and lowlands of Africa. • Egypt is likely to experience a significant reduction in output and cultivated area because of climate change. Most affected by these changes will be small and average- sized farms (Nin-Pratt et al. 2018). The items above result from work by Bioversity International, CIMMYT, CIP, ICARDA, and IFPRI. 2. Effectiveness and efficiency 2.1 Management and governance In August 2018, Frank Place, previously Senior Research Fellow in the PIM Program Management Unit (PMU), was appointed Program Director in replacement of Karen Brooks. A competitive process was conducted to fill in Frank’s former position, and the successful candidate will start in this new role end April 2019. Program support was provided to the PMU by a temporary staff during the program head’s maternity leave. In December 2018 Derek Byerlee replaced Marcos Jank as the IFPRI Board of Trustees’ Representative on the PIM Independent Steering Committee (ISC). A reflection started with the ISC members about updating the TORs of the ISC; the revised TORs should be finalized end April 2019. In January 2018 the PMU started circulating the agenda and minutes of the Management Committee (MC) monthly audiomeetings to the center representatives to enhance the ability of center representatives to make their views known to management, and the position of representative of centers on the PIM MC rotated from CIP to CIMMYT. 2018 saw significant turnover in the center representatives, which resulted in the need to clarify and update the TORs for this role (done in January 2019). A new cluster of work was established under the social protection flagship, centered on improving resilience for the poor in fragile and low-income settings. A carryover policy was established by the PIM Management Committee end 2018 to allow carry over of selected W1-2 allocations from 2018 to 2019. The experience from this trial run will be used to improve this policy and broaden it into a more complete financial management policy in 2019. 2.2 Partnerships 2.2.1. Highlights of external partnerships (see Table 8) Research partnerships yielded high-impact publications, such as with the University of Oxford on health and environmental impacts of alternative diets and with Cornell University and Michigan State University on structural transformation in Africa. Michigan State University, Royal Tropical Institute, Wageningen University and Research, and World Vision International fulfilled program management roles in addition to contributing to research. Based on PIM findings, a research collaborative was created on cash transfers and intimate partner violence, bringing together IFPRI, the University of North Carolina, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. International finance and development organizations such as the Asian Development Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for 11 Agricultural Development, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the World Bank, and the World Food Programme continued to be key partners in co-developing tools and knowledge and disseminating them through their networks. PIM continued to nurture strong partnerships for support to national policies: - through IFPRI’s country-based offices, direct partnerships with the Governments of Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Malawi, and Nigeria on a wide range of themes; - engagement with implementation agencies and local research institutions in other countries such as Cambodia, Kenya, the Philippines, Rwanda, and Tanzania. Several innovations (see Table 4) were tested with non-governmental organizations such as Digital Green (information and communication technologies for agricultural advice), Swisscontact (gender-sensitive value chain tool), International Land Coalition (land use mapping), and World Vision International (approaches to building resilience). Partnership with the private sector focused on seeds (Seed entrepreneurs’ Association of Nepal), insurance (HDFC ERGO General Insurance Company Ltd., India), and contract farming (Kakira Sugar and Tropical Bank, Uganda; La Laiterie du Berger, Senegal). 2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR partnerships (see Table 9) • The 2018 publication “Prospects and challenges of fish for food security in Africa” (PIM and FISH) is the first published of a set of foresight studies that will come out as a special issue of Global Food Security in 2019 in collaboration with FISH, FTA, GDLC, LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, RTB, and WHEAT. • Bioversity International and PIM, in support of the Genebanks Platform, began exploring a major initiative to raise investment in analysis of genetic resources policy. • PIM and RTB continued to collaborate on research to improve policies and regulations on seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops. • PIM held a cross-CRP workshop to initiate a CGIAR community of practice on value chains. The meeting brought together representatives of ten CGIAR programs (A4NH, FISH, FTA, GLDC, LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, PIM, RICE, RTB, WHEAT) and two platforms (Big Data in Agriculture, Gender). Based on these discussions, five projects involving six CGIAR centers and five CRPs were selected and started work in 2019. • PIM continued to partner with CCAFS on the Learning Platform for Agricultural Insurance, and participated in the learning event organized at the International Microinsurance Conference in Lusaka to build a CGIAR Community of Practice on weather-related agricultural insurance. • The ongoing partnership between PIM and RTB on social protection in the Andes was successful in securing funding from the International Development Research Center for a pilot study on eliminating anemia through scaling agriculture-nutrition interventions. • Collaboration with LIVESTOCK yielded several outcomes on land use planning and secured tenure in rangelands in Ethiopia and Tanzania. • FTA, PIM, and WLE initiated joint planning of initiatives for restoring degraded landscapes. • The second set of collaborative studies supported by the Gender Platform, on the feminization of agriculture, was launched in October with co-investment from CCAFS, FTA, LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, PIM, RTB, WHEAT, and WLE. 12 2.3 Intellectual assets a) Have any intellectual assets been strategically managed by the CRP (together with the relevant center) this year? E.g. taking out intellectual property rights, licensing, new innovative practices. N/A (b) If relevant, indicate any published patents and/or plant variety right applications (or equivalent) associated with intellectual assets developed in the CRP and filed by centers and/or partners involved in the CRP, giving a name or number or link to identify them. N/A (c) List any critical issues or challenges encountered in the management of intellectual assets in the context of the CRP (or put N/A). N/A 2.4 Monitoring, evaluation, impact assessment and learning (MELIA) (see Table 10) Three studies were undertaken jointly with IFPRI to assess the impact of IFPRI country programs: an analysis of factors related to successful policy influence, drawing on interviews of IFPRI country program leaders; an econometric study to estimate the effect of IFPRI’s country presence on several outcome variables after controlling for other variables; and a deeper dive into three African country programs (Ghana, Malawi, Uganda). Key factors for making successful contributions to policies were identified: building high credibility with local policy makers and donors, partnering with the right people, conducting research over the long term, organizing events, and strengthening national capacity for policy research. Studies on the use of outputs from the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) and the Statistics of Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED) were completed, and a study on the use of outputs from the foresight work was launched. A review of PIM’s 2017 peer-reviewed publications found that 25% of the publications had a significant focus on gender and that in almost all cases researchers properly assessed the level of gender focus of their work. The review highlighted several areas where including or enhancing gender analysis could have led to additional insights. 2.5 Efficiency 2018 was the second year that PIM used the MARLO management information system (MIS) both for planning and for reporting purposes. MARLO has the potential to make these processes much more efficient than compared to the previous situation in which no MIS was used. An example is the use of MARLO by the PMU for drawing the annual work plans included in the Program Participant Agreements with the 15 centers participating in PIM. As 2018 was a transition year where considerable change occurred in MARLO to adapt it to the new CGIAR Plan of Work and Budget and Annual Report templates, these efficiency gains have not been fully realized yet. The PMU continues to interact with the MARLO group to enhance the MARLO functionalities and user-friendliness. As in previous years, several flagship teams held meetings on the side of the PIM annual “extended team” meeting to save on travel costs. Similarly, meetings of the Gender Platform’s research call grantees took place around the time of the annual Gender Platform’s conference. The consultants tasked by CGIAR with proposing options for the Gender Platform’s future 13 were invited to the Gender Platform’s conference, which allowed them to hold several face-to- face meetings with key stakeholders at low cost. 2.6 Management of risks • Institutional risks: o The risk of inadequate research quality is being addressed by the development of a section about quality assurance in the future PIM Governance Handbook. o Risks related to financial accountability are being addressed by the CGIAR- wide implementation of the Performance Standards. • Programmatic risks: Hosting of the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research within a PIM flagship carried a risk that the platform be less visible than the free-standing CGIAR platforms. This risk had been identified in previous years, and PIM management took action to mitigate it by repeatedly conveying the importance of the platform and investing additional W1-2 resources into it. Nevertheless, the lack of a separate funding stream for the platform was a constraint on its growth. For 2019 the Platform has received a significant and independent allocation, which makes this concern less acute. • Contextual risks: o In 2018 as in previous years, uncertainty about funding levels and the need to pre-finance work due to very late receipt of funds resulted in conservative allocation and spending. In order to provide teams with some “interannual maneuvering capability”, the PIM Management Committee agreed to allow carryover of a modest portion of the allocated W1-2 funding from 2018 to 2019, dependent upon a justification for underspending and for the use of the funds in 2019. o The focus from donors on quantifiable outcomes carries a risk that PIM’s achievements may be under-estimated. In response, PIM management is enhancing the efforts to develop outcome stories (see Table 3) and other communications (e.g. PIM webinars). 2.7 Use of W1-2 funding PIM Window 1-2 funds continued to support several themes of importance to multiple centers and CRPs, including foresight modeling, seed regulation and policy, postharvest loss assessment and remediation, resource tenure and governance, and gender (Table 12). Achievements in 2018 include a set of foresight studies to be published as a special issue in 2019, studies related to extension methods including the use of information and communication technologies and gender dimensions, a book manuscript on jobs for rural youth in Africa, and cross-CRP engagement on gender dynamics in seed systems through the Gender Platform. In addition, PIM convened a meeting with most CRPs and centers to improve the coordination and quality of CGIAR’s work on value chains, participated in the launch of a partnership with FTA and WLE on landscape restoration, invested in the CGIAR country collaboration process by co-funding a stakeholder workshop in Nigeria and undertaking a review of scaling up methods in Malawi, and organized a pre-conference workshop on rural transformation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, with papers from nine CGIAR centers presented to over 100 participants. The Gender Platform convened its second Scientific Conference, with more than 100 participants. Window 1-2 funding also contributed to the annual PIM “extended team” meeting, where progress was made towards a shared vision of the program’s priorities for 2019-2021; a “Sharing of science” session was also held during this meeting. Finally, the monitoring and evaluation activities described in Section 2.4 were funded through Window 1-2. 14 3. Financial summary The CGIAR 2018 Financing Plan communicated to CRPs on January 29, 2018 showed an indicative amount of $17.9 M Window 1-2 (W1-2) funds for PIM. It came with a suggestion that CRPs program no more than 90% of the indicative amounts. Drawing on unspent funds from previous years, PIM elected to go over the 90% and program $16.7 M, i.e. 93% of the indicative $17.9 M. After confirming final amounts available for 2017 and receiving an update from the CGIAR System Management Office suggesting that PIM should indeed expect to receive 90% of the 2018 Financing Plan, the PIM Management Committee decide to further tap into unspent funds (with the intention of minimizing the amount of unspent funds by the end of Phase 2) and programmed an additional $2.0 million towards high-priority and cross- center collaborative activities, to be spent over an 18-month period. Of that allocation $0.1 M was programmed for 2018, resulting in a final W1-2 budget in the 2018 Program Participant Agreements of $16.8 M, plus a commitment of $1.9 M for 2019. The final 2018 Financing Plan amount for PIM turned out to be $16.0 M (89% of the indicative amount). W1-2 expenditures total $14.6 M (i.e. 91% of the realized Financing Plan amount and 87% of the allocated amount). For the first time, to be better able to manage unforeseen delays in implementation of the 2018 work plan and/or anticipated funding cuts in 2019, PIM allowed participating centers to carry over to 2019 a portion of their 2018 unspent funds (not to exceed 10% of each entity’s 2018 budget by flagship). The $43.5 M Window 3/bilateral budget in PIM’s 2018 Plan of Work and Budget reflected firm or likely commitments at the time. The higher amount of the final W3/bilateral expenses ($49.1 M) reflects continued fundraising efforts, which were particularly successful for Flagships 1 and 2 in 2018. Overall, in terms of actual expenses, W1-2 accounted for 23% of the portfolio and W3/bilateral for 77%. See Table 13 for information about budgets and expenditures by flagship. . 15 Part B. TABLES Table 1: Evidence on progress towards SRF targets Brief summary of new evidence Expected additional contribution SLO Target (2022) of CGIAR contribution before end of 2022 1.1. 100 million more farm Ethiopia’s Direct Seed Marketing Program, which involves the The reach of the Direct Seed Marketing program can households have adopted private sector in production and marketing of high-quality seed be expected to increase. In addition, it is likely that the improved varieties, breeds, (mainly maize and wheat, but also teff and others) to farmers, has many studies on improved extension methods trees, and/or management reached 1.4 million households. conducted by PIM with implementation partners will practices Link to outcome template “Improved seed marketing system in contribute to this target. We will also track progress in Ethiopia scaled up to 1.4 million farmers based on a PIM the adoption of mechanization in countries where PIM has supported changes in mechanization policies. evaluation” PIM’s work on seed/biotechnology policy and regulation may also contribute to the adoption of new varieties. 1.2. 30 million people, of Owusu-Addo et al. (2018) finds that cash transfer programs led to PIM plans to conduct impact evaluation studies to be which 50% are women, a reduction in poverty in five out of six studies in Sub-Saharan able to provide estimates of the poverty-reducing assisted to exit poverty Africa, but that further studies are needed to ascertain quantitative effect of safety net programs in countries where PIM impacts. has assisted decision makers in improving these programs. Owusu-Addo, Ebenezer; Renzaho, Andre M. N., and Smith, Ben. J. 2018. The impact of cash transfers on social determinants of health and health inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan 33(5): 675–696. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951115/ 2.1. Improve the rate of yield Evidence from an econometric study covering 57 countries and PIM will investigate the productivity impacts of the increase for major food spanning a 33-year period shows a strong correlation between Direct Seed Marketing program (Ethiopia). Studies on staples from current <1% to IFPRI’s presence in a country and the country’s land productivity. the use of improved extension methods will address 1.2-1.5% per year A high bound of that relationship is on the order of 6-12 % productivity increase as well as adoption. increase in land productivity from a unit increase in staffing. Benin, Samuel; Place, Frank M.; and Hazell, Peter B.R. 2018. Has IFPRI’s research decentralization strategy made a difference? An econometric study of African and Asian Countries, 1981–2014. Independent Impact Assessment Report 44. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/132769 16 Brief summary of new evidence Expected additional contribution SLO Target (2022) of CGIAR contribution before end of 2022 2.2. 30 million more people, of A meta-analysis (Hidrobo et al. 2018) finds that social protection PIM plans to conduct impact evaluation studies to be which 50% are women, programs in developing countries increased the value of able to estimate the effect of safety net programs on meeting minimum dietary consumed food by about 13%. A systematic review by Owusu- increase in food consumption in countries where PIM energy requirements Addo et al. (2018) finds that cash transfer programs led to highly has assisted decision makers in improving safety net significant improvements in food consumption in sub-Saharan programs. Africa. PIMs research on the effectiveness of cash transfers contributed to the body of evidence in the meta analysis, and directly supported program improvements in Bangladesh (0.75 million reached by the program), Egypt (5.4 million reached by the program), Ethiopia (8.0 million reached by the program) and Tanzania (5.2 million reached by the program). Hidrobo, Melissa; Hoddinott, John F.; Kumar, Neha; and Olivier, Meghan. 2018. Social protection, food security, and asset formation. World Development 101 (January 2018): 88-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.014 Owusu-Addo, Ebenezer; Renzaho, Andre M. N., and Smith, Ben. J. 2018. The impact of cash transfers on social determinants of health and health inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan 33(5): 675–696. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951115/ 2.3. 150 million more people, No new evidence in 2018 of which 50% women, without deficiencies in one or more essential micronutrients 3.1. 5% increase in water and N/A nutrient efficiency in agroecosystems 3.2. 5% reduction in No new evidence in 2018 ‘agriculturally’-related greenhouse gas emissions 17 Brief summary of new evidence Expected additional contribution SLO Target (2022) of CGIAR contribution before end of 2022 3.3. 55 M ha degraded land No new evidence in 2018 We plan to quantify the contribution of PIM to area restored restoration of degraded land in India and East Africa. 3.4. 2.5 M ha forest saved No new evidence in 2018 from deforestation 18 Table 2: List of policy contributions *Level 1: Research taken up by next user *Level 2: Policy/law etc. enacted *Level 3: Evidence of impact on people and/or natural environment of the changed policy Name and description of Cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR Level of policy, legal instrument, Link to sub-IDOs or other form maturity* Climate investment or curriculum Gender Youth Capdev of evidence Change FLAGSHIP 1 – Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification 190 - Philippines Level 2 • Enhanced capacity to deal with climactic 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 - Principal OICR2652 Development Plan 2017- risks and extremes (Mitigation and adaptation Significant Significant Significant objective 2022 achieved) objective objective objective • Conducive agricultural policy environment 213 - Rice Tariffication Level 1 • Enhanced capacity to deal with climactic 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 1 - OICR2652 Law (Philippines) risks and extremes (Mitigation and adaptation Targeted Targeted Targeted Significant achieved) objective • Conducive agricultural policy environment 218 - Certificate program Level 2 • Adoption of CGIAR materials with enhanced 0 - Not 0 - Not 2 - Principal 0 - Not OICR2684 for biosafety inspectors in genetic gains Targeted Targeted objective Targeted Malawi • Appropriate regulatory environment for food safety FLAGSHIP 2 – Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation 119 - USAID Global Food Level 1 • Increased capacity of partner organizations, 0 - Not 0 - Not 2 - Principal 0 - Not OICR2675 Security Strategy as evidenced by rate of investments in Targeted Targeted objective Targeted (transition framework) agricultural research • Increased capacity for innovation in partner development organizations and in poor and vulnerable communities 154 - US Global Food Level 2 • Increased capacity of partner organizations, 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - OICR2673 Security Strategy Ethiopia as evidenced by rate of investments in Significant Significant Significant Significant Country Plan** agricultural research objective objective objective objective • Conducive agricultural policy environment 122 - US Global Food Level 2 • Increased capacity of partner organizations, 1 - 1 - 0 - Not 1 - OICR2674 Security Strategy as evidenced by rate of investments in Significant Significant Targeted Significant Bangladesh Country agricultural research objective objective objective Plan** • Conducive agricultural policy environment 19 Name and description of Cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR Level of policy, legal instrument, Link to sub-IDOs or other form maturity* Climate investment or curriculum Gender Youth Capdev of evidence Change 199 - National Agriculture Level 2 • Conducive agricultural policy environment 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - OICR2676 Investment Plan for Significant Significant Significant Significant Malawi objective objective objective objective 123 - Government of Level 2 • Conducive agricultural policy environment 1 - 1 - 2 - Principal 1 - OICR2676 Rwanda's Strategic Plan Significant Significant objective Significant for Agriculture objective objective objective Transformation 2018-2024 219 - Pakistan National Level 2 • Conducive agricultural policy environment 0 - Not 0 - Not 1 - 1 - OICR2679 Food Security Policy Targeted Targeted Significant Significant objective objective 121 - Punjab Agricultural Level 2 • Conducive agricultural policy environment 1 - 1 - 2 - Principal 1 - OICR2679 Policy (Pakistan) Significant Significant objective Significant objective objective objective 157 - China’s Rural Level 2 • Increased capacity of partner organizations, 0 - Not 0 - Not 1 - 0 - Not OICR2678 Revitalization Strategy as evidenced by rate of investments in Targeted Targeted Significant Targeted agricultural research objective • Conducive agricultural policy environment 153 - Government of Level 1 • Increase capacity of beneficiaries to adopt 1 - 0 - Not 2 - Principal 1 - OICR2677 Flanders’ strategy on research outputs Significant Targeted objective Significant extension in Malawi • Improved access to financial and other objective objective (with Flagship 1) services 156 - World Bank Cereal Level 1 • Increased capacity of partner organizations, 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR2673 Market Performance in as evidenced by rate of investments in Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted Ethiopia: Policy Implications agricultural research for Improving Investments • Conducive agricultural policy environment in Maize and Wheat Value Chains 120 - World Bank Ethiopia Level 1 • Increased capacity of partner organizations, 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR2673 Economic Update - as evidenced by rate of investments in Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted Inescapable agricultural research Manufacturing Services • Conducive agricultural policy environment Nexus 20 Name and description of Cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR Level of policy, legal instrument, Link to sub-IDOs or other form maturity* Climate investment or curriculum Gender Youth Capdev of evidence Change FLAGSHIP 3 – Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains 113 - Inclusion of Morocco Level 1 • Conducive agricultural policy environment 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not Dropbox link and other North African Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted countries in the Economic Community of West African States 197 - Direct Seed Level 3 • Reduced market barriers 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR2735 Marketing Program in • Increased livelihood opportunities Targeted Targeted Targeted Targeted Ethiopia FLAGSHIP 4 – Social Protection for Agriculture and Resilience 93 - Bangladesh's Level 1 • Increased access to diverse nutrient-rich 2 - Principal 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR2661 Vulnerable Group foods objective Targeted Targeted Targeted Development program • Optimized consumption of diverse nutrient- (with Flagship 2) rich foods 220 - Income Support Level 1 • Increased access to diverse nutrient-rich 2 - Principal 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR2661 Program for the Poorest foods objective Targeted Targeted Targeted Project (World Bank) • Optimized consumption of diverse nutrient- (with Flagship 2) rich foods 166 - Bangladesh’s Level 2 • Increased access to diverse nutrient-rich 1 - 0 - Not 0 - Not 0 - Not OICR2662 Improved Maternity and foods Significant Targeted Targeted Targeted Lactating Mother • Optimized consumption of diverse nutrient- objective Allowance rich foods (with Flagship 2) 209 - USAID Nobo Jatra Level 2 • Increased access to diverse nutrient-rich 2 - Principal 0 - Not 2 - Principal 0 - Not OICR2660 project in Southern foods objective Targeted objective Targeted Bangladesh • Optimized consumption of diverse nutrient- (with Flagship 2) rich foods 26 - Egypt's Takaful and Level 1 • Increased access to diverse nutrient-rich 1 - 0 - Not 1 - 0 - Not OICR2171 Karama Cash Transfer foods Significant Targeted Significant Targeted Program • Optimized consumption of diverse nutrient- objective objective (with Flagship 2) rich foods 21 Name and description of Cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR Level of policy, legal instrument, Link to sub-IDOs or other form maturity* Climate investment or curriculum Gender Youth Capdev of evidence Change 92 - Mali's cash transfer Level 2 • Increased access to diverse nutrient-rich 1 - 0 - Not 1 - 0 - Not OICR2659 program (Filets Sociaux foods Significant Targeted Significant Targeted Jigisémèjiri) • Optimized consumption of diverse nutrient- objective objective rich foods FLAGSHIP 5 – Governance of Natural Resources 236 - Forest Engineer Level 2 • Enhanced institutional capacity of partner 1 - 0 - Not 2 - Principal 0 - Not OICR2709 Curriculum, National research organizations Significant Targeted objective Targeted Agrarian University La • More productive and equitable management objective Molina, Peru of natural resources FLAGSHIP 6 – Cross-cutting Gender Research and Coordination 214 - US Global Food Level 2 • Improved capacity of women and young 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - OICR2680 Security Strategy Ethiopia people to participate in decision-making Significant Significant Significant Significant Country Plan** • Increased capacity of partner organizations, objective objective objective objective as evidenced by rate of investments in agricultural research 152 - US Global Food Level 2 • Improved capacity of women and young 1 - 1 - 0 - Not 1 - OICR2680 Security Strategy people to participate in decision-making Significant Significant Targeted Significant Bangladesh Country • Increased capacity of partner organizations, objective objective objective Plan** as evidenced by rate of investments in agricultural research 215 - US Global Food Level 2 • Improved capacity of women and young 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - OICR2680 Security Strategy Nigeria people to participate in decision-making Significant Significant Significant Significant Country Plan • Increased capacity of partner organizations, objective objective objective objective as evidenced by rate of investments in agricultural research 216 - US Global Food Level 2 • Improved capacity of women and young 1 - 0 - Not 0 - Not 1 - OICR2680 Security Strategy people to participate in decision-making Significant Targeted Targeted Significant Honduras Country Plan • Increased capacity of partner organizations, objective objective as evidenced by rate of investments in agricultural research 22 Name and description of Cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR Level of policy, legal instrument, Link to sub-IDOs or other form maturity* Climate investment or curriculum Gender Youth Capdev of evidence Change 217 - US Global Food Level 2 • Improved capacity of women and young 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - OICR2680 Security Strategy Kenya people to participate in decision-making Significant Significant Significant Significant Country Plan • Increased capacity of partner organizations, objective objective objective objective as evidenced by rate of investments in agricultural research ** The US Global Food Security Strategy Country Plans for Ethiopia and Bangladesh are each listed twice in this table, reflecting two separate streams of influence on different aspects of the plans (under Flagships 2 and 6). 23 Table 3: List of outcome/impact case reports *Level 1: CGIAR research has contributed to changed discourse and/or behavior among key actors *Level 2: CGIAR research has contributed to documented policy and practice change by key actors *Level 3: Policy and/or practice changes influenced by CGIAR research has led to impacts at scale or beyond the direct CGIAR sphere of influence Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report (OICR) Maturity level* Status FLAGSHIP 1 – Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification OICR2652 - Influencing policies for improved food security and adaptation to climate change in Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case the Philippines OICR2653 - 350,000 farmers trained by volunteer farmer trainers in East Africa Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case OICR2644 - Cards that farmers CAN read: how PIM improves the effectiveness of the Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case Government of India’s Soil Health Card Scheme OICR2684 - Towards better-informed policy dialogue and more efficient and evidence-based Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case evaluation processes around genetically-engineered agricultural products in Malawi FLAGSHIP 2 – Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation OICR2675 - PIM tools help USAID monitor countries' progress towards food security Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case OICR2673 - Development partners use PIM findings to develop their strategies in Ethiopia Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case OICR2674 - The United States Government uses PIM research on poverty, nutrition, Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case demographics, and safety nets to design the Global Food Security Strategy Bangladesh Country Plan OICR2676 - PIM's modeling expertise used to support the design of the agricultural investment Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case strategies of Malawi and Rwanda OICR2679 - Building a brighter future for Pakistan's agricultural sector Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case OICR2678 - Improving returns to public investments in China’s agricultural sector Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case OICR2677 - Informing the Government of Flanders' investment in agricultural advisory Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case services to Malawian farmers (with Flagship 1) FLAGSHIP 3 – Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains OICR2649 - PIM tools to foster gender-inclusive business models in small rural enterprises in Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case Honduras OICR2735 - Improved seed marketing system in Ethiopia scaled up to 1.4 million farmers Level 3 New Outcome/Impact Case based on a PIM evaluation FLAGSHIP 4 – Social Protection for Agriculture and Resilience OICR2661 - Improving the performance of the largest safety net program for ultra-poor women Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case in rural Bangladesh (with Flagship 2) OICR2662 - Strengthening the performance of a child nutrition-oriented safety net in Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case Bangladesh: the Improved Maternity and Lactating Mother Allowance (with Flagship 2) 24 Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report (OICR) Maturity level* Status OICR2660 - The $74 million "New beginning" USAID-funded project includes PIM findings to Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case improve child nutrition in poor coastal areas of Bangladesh (with Flagship 2) OICR2171 - Enhancing the impacts of Egypt's national cash transfer program for the very poor Level 1 Updated Outcome/Impact case (with Flagship 2) at same level of maturity OICR2659 - Achieving better child nutrition through the Government of Mali's social protection Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case program: the contribution of PIM FLAGSHIP 5 – Governance of Natural Resources OICR2630 - PIM research showing the economic benefits of community forest concessions Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case makes the case for continued community stewardship of 400,000 hectares of tropical forests in Guatemala OICR2631 - Building resilience through joint village land use planning in Tanzania Level 2 Updated Outcome/Impact case at new level of maturity OICR2709 - University’s participation in research on indigenous tenure security leads to Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case changes in forestry curriculum FLAGSHIP 6 – Cross-cutting Gender Research and Coordination OICR2680 - Empowering women through the United States’ global initiative to combat hunger Level 2 New Outcome/Impact Case – The role of the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index OICR2687 - PIM research spurs collaboration and investments to reduce violence against Level 1 New Outcome/Impact Case women (with Flagship 4) 25 Table 4: List of innovations Title of innovation Innovation type Stage of innovation Geographic scope FLAGSHIP 1 – Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification 461 - International Model for Policy Analysis of Research and Stage 2: successful piloting (end of Global Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) webtool communication piloting phase) methodologies and tools 271 - Dataset on yield changes due to climate change Biophysical research Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Regional: Latin based on Agricultural Model intercomparison and America & the improvement project (AgMIP) Global Gridded Crop Caribbean Model Intercomparison 473 - Options for keeping the food system within Production systems and Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Global environmental limits management practices (end of research phase) 412 - Model to estimate the returns on investment of Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Global agricultural research investments (end of research phase) 344 - "Agroclimatic similarity" variable developed to Biophysical research Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Multi-national: improve the measurement of the spatial spillover (end of research phase) Nepal, Nigeria potential of agricultural R&D investments (with Flagship 2) 710 - Interactive voice response advisory service for Research and Stage 2: successful piloting (end of National: Uganda pig farmers communication piloting phase) methodologies and tools 711 - Video-based agricultural extension - Integration Research and Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Multi-national: of videos to create awareness among farmers communication Cambodia, methodologies and tools Ethiopia, Uganda 697 - Redesigned soil health cards for Indian farmers Biophysical research Stage 4: uptake by next user Sub-national: India 713 - Dynamic Research EvaluAtion for Management, Social science Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Global Python version (DREAMpy) FLAGSHIP 2 – Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation 345 - Rural Investment and Policy Analysis model Social science Stage 4: uptake by next user Global 433 - Tools for the USAID Global Food Security Social science Stage 4: uptake by next user Global Strategy transition framework 435 - New economic growth model that includes the Social science Stage 2: successful piloting (end of Global informal sector piloting phase) 26 Title of innovation Innovation type Stage of innovation Geographic scope 712 - Updated social accounting matrix for Malawi Social science Stage 4: uptake by next user National: Malawi 430 - Updated social accounting matrix for Sudan Social science Stage 3: available/ready for uptake National: Sudan 431 - (Arab) Agricultural Investment for Development Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Regional: Analyzer (end of research phase) Northern Africa, Western Asia 721 - Map Yemen: A tool for improving of food and Research and Stage 3: available/ready for uptake National: Yemen nutrition security in Yemen communication methodologies and tools 307 - Effectiveness of an incentive system designed to Social science Stage 2: successful piloting (end of National: Uganda reduce dropout rates in primary school by rewarding piloting phase) teachers for the performance of each of their students (with Flagship 4) FLAGSHIP 3 – Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains 336 - Method to help countries define their trade Social science Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Global liberalization strategies 349 - Value chain nominal rate of protection Social science Stage 3: available/ready for uptake National: India 268 - Gender-differentiated indicator of nominal rate of Social science Stage 2: successful piloting (end of Regional: Sub- protection piloting phase) Saharan Africa 339 - Gender-sensitive LINK methodology Research and Stage 4: uptake by next user National: communication Honduras methodologies and tools 367 - Nutrition incentive in dairy contract farming Social science Stage 2: successful piloting (end of Sub-national: (with Flagship 6) piloting phase) Senegal 591 - Findings on the effects of the Direct Seed Production systems and Stage 4: uptake by next user National: Marketing program led by the Ethiopian Agricultural management practices Ethiopia Transformation Agency 337 - Findings on the effects of combining lump sum Production systems and Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Multi-national: cash payments with technical and farm management management practices (end of research phase) Malawi, Senegal advice to increase productivity and link farmers to value chains (with Flagship 1) 483 - Poverty sensitive scorecard tool: combining risk Social science Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Regional: Latin scoring with poverty scoring to help lenders and policy America & the makers prioritize development projects that are both Caribbean financially sustainable and effective 27 Title of innovation Innovation type Stage of innovation Geographic scope 335 - Picture-based insurance: delivering affordable Research and Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Multi-national: crop insurance using farmers' smartphone pictures to communication Ethiopia, India, assess crop damage methodologies and tools Kenya FLAGSHIP 4 – Social Protection for Agriculture and Resilience 488 - Nutrition-sensitive social protection interventions Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept National: increase the use of multiple-micronutrient powders and (end of research phase) Bangladesh iron supplements in rural preschool Bangladeshi children 308 - Understanding the impacts of the Yemen Social Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept National: Yemen Fund for Development Cash for Nutrition program on (end of research phase) child nutrition and health 486 - Understanding the effects of emergency school Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept National: Mali feeding and general food distribution on children's (end of research phase) schooling in conflict areas 487 - Understanding the impacts of the World Food Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept National: Mali Programme's food assistance on food consumption (end of research phase) and child nutrition in conflict-affected areas FLAGSHIP 5 – Governance of Natural Resources 695 - Rights actualization model for a tenure Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Global diagnostic to assess restoration opportunities (end of research phase) 317 - Valuation of the general public's willingness to Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (end of National: Peru pay for the ecosystem services generated by on farm management practices piloting phase) conservation of quinoa agrobiodiversity 319 - Community seedbanks as platforms for building Production systems and Stage 2: successful piloting (end of Multi-national: socio-ecological resilience management practices piloting phase) Guatemala, Nepal 321 - Multistakeholder dialogue tool for cross-border Social science Stage 3: available/ready for uptake Multi-national: integrated landscape management Kenya, Somalia FLAGSHIP 6 – Cross-cutting Gender Research and Coordination 381 - Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index for Social science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept Multi-national: Value chains (WEAI4VC) (with Flagship 3) (end of research phase) Bangladesh, Honduras, Philippines 28 Table 5: Summary of status of planned outcomes and milestones Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 (refer back to means of verification, and link to evidence wherever possible); or provide P outcomes milestones milestones explanation for extended, cancelled or changed milestones 1 Foresight The capacity of researchers to Foresight Complete * Enahoro, Dolapo; Lannerstad, Mats; Pfeifer, Catherine; and Dominguez-Salas, Paula. 2018. models and use foresight tools and results has models are Contributions of livestock-derived foods to nutrient supply under changing demand in low- and results are been improving steadily. Many used within middle-income countries. Global Food Security 19(December 2018): 1-10. used by 12 reports and articles have been CGIAR to help https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.08.002 regional and produced by CGIAR centers on set priorities at * Petsakos, Athanasios; Hareau, Guy; Kleinwechter, Ulrich; Wiebe, Keith D.; and Sulser, national this topic in the past years. Center, CRP, Timothy B. 2018. Comparing modeling approaches for assessing priorities in international research Engagement with USAID and and System agricultural research. Research Evaluation 27(2): 145-156. organizations other donors on use of foresight level https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvx044 or government modeling for future investments as * Raymundo, Rubí; Asseng, Senthold; Robertson, Richard D.; Petsakos, Athanasios; agencies in well as engagement with the Hoogenboom, Gerrit; Quiroz, Roberto; Hareau, Guy; and Wolf, Joost. 2018. Climate change Africa, Asia National Economic and impact on global potato production. European Journal of Agronomy 100(October 2018): 87-98. and Latin Development Authority in the https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2017.11.008 America and Philippines are two examples of * Tran, Nhuong; Chu, Long; Chan, Chin Yee; Genschick, Sven; Phillips, Michael John; and Kefi, global use of the foresight work by Alexander Shula. Fish supply and demand for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis development government and global of the Zambian fish sector. Marine Policy. Article in press. First published on November 14, organizations development organizations. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.009 as inputs to * Outcome template "Influencing policies for improved food security and adaptation to climate their priority- change in the Philippines": setting https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2652&cycle=Reporting&year=20 18 29 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 (refer back to means of verification, and link to evidence wherever possible); or provide P outcomes milestones milestones explanation for extended, cancelled or changed milestones 1 Studies on Progress towards the In 3 countries, Complete * Outcome template "350,000 farmers trained by voluntary farmer trainers in East Africa": policies, development of functional major https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2653&cycle=Reporting&year=20 regulations, biosafety systems has occurred. constraints to 18 and investment While most countries adoption of * Outcome template "Towards better-informed policy dialogue and more efficient evaluation in support of demonstrated significant technology and processes around genetically-engineered agricultural products in Malawi": agricultural regulatory progress, including a promising https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2684&cycle=Reporting&year=20 science, reported outcome in Malawi, a few innovations to 18 technology, continued to advance slowly, due overcome * Impact of video-mediated agricultural extension: evidence from Ethiopia and innovation to structural issues, contradictory them are https://www.dropbox.com/s/t8rijutb5b3cfvj/DG%20evaluation%20findings_general%20%28FINA are used by political support, and a general identified with L%29.pdf?dl=0 key lack of funding. national * Innovation "Video-based agricultural extension - Integration of videos to create awareness government Significant progress was made stakeholders among farmers": entities in 3 towards improving extension https://marlo.cgiar.org/summaries/PIM/projectInnovationSummary.do?innovationID=711&phaseI CGIAR methods used by implementing D=57 countries organizations. The Developing * Feed the Future DLEC project: https://www.digitalgreen.org/wp- Local Extension Capacity project c ontent/uploads/2018/01/DLEC-Factsheet-2018.pdf supported studies on the impact of digital extension in Uganda and Ethiopia to inform these countries' reforms of their extension systems. Research on the volunteer farmer trainer approach has led to a wider use of this approach in East Africa. 30 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 (refer back to means of verification, and link to evidence wherever possible); or provide P outcomes milestones milestones explanation for extended, cancelled or changed milestones 1 Budget The Agriculture Science and Studies on Complete * Description of the World Bank West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program: allocations for Technology Indicators (ASTI) impacts from http://projects.worldbank.org/P164810/?lang=en&tab=overview* Lowder, Sarah K. 2018. agricultural initiative launched its new strategy increased Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI): Evaluation of outcomes based on the research focused on countries and regions investment and use of ASTI, 2008–2018. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). exceed taking ownership of their data, capacity in http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/133207 projections of analysis, and outreach. The national * ASTI-APAARI workshop report: the 2012-2016 partnership with APAARI aims to agricultural https://www.dropbox.com/s/jsilst8ulxireh1/Agenda%20analytical%20workshop%20%28July%202 trend in 5 raise funding for agricultural research are 0 18%29%20%28002%29.docx?dl=0 CGIAR research in Southeast Asia. An used to countries of evaluation of ASTI shows that support two collaboration ASTI supported increased regional investment in agricultural research research by several governments (Brazil, investments by Ghana, Pakistan). ASTI helped multilateral the USDA advocate for continued donors government investment in agricultural research. In India ASTI was integrated into the government’s science and technology information management system. ASTI contributed to a report for the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program of the World Bank. 31 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 (refer back to means of verification, and link to evidence wherever possible); or provide P outcomes milestones milestones explanation for extended, cancelled or changed milestones 2 Governments Ethiopia's Ministry of Planning has Evidence on Complete IFPRI's Country Strategy Support Programs have generated demand-driven policy research; in at least 3 requested economywide modeling viable entry numerous dissemination workshops have been held for policy makers and other key countries use support for national planning points for stakeholders. tools and processes. Multiple interactions integrating * Ethiopia evidence on have taken place with the Federal research into - http://essp.ifpri.info/2017/12/19/the-future-of-ethiopias-agriculture-towards-a-resilient-system- the economy- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural the policy to-end-hunger-and-undernutrition/ wide factors Development in Nigeria to support process used - http://essp.ifpri.info/2018/07/18/16th-international-conference-of-the-ethiopian-economics- affecting rural the Agricultural Promotion Policy. in association-teff-book-launch/ transformation A public event in Accra led to multistakehold * Nigeria to develop discussions on priority policy and er fora in 2 - http://nssp.ifpri.info/2018/12/18/training-towards-a-stronger-agricultural-policy-framework-for- policies that investments in the Ghanaian countries nigeria/ are better cocoa sector. PIM collaborated - http://nssp.ifpri.info/2018/12/06/the-feed-the-future-nigeria-agricultural-policy-project- targeted with ministries of agriculture in commences-training-course-on-issues-in-agriculture-and-development/ towards raising Rwanda and Malawi to support - http://nssp.ifpri.info/2018/08/28/second-feed-the-future-nigeria-agricultural-policy-project- agricultural the development of 2018 National conference-boosts-collaborative-agric-policy-research-in-nigeria/ growth and Agricultural Investment Plans. * Ghana rural incomes Policy options for cassava and - http://gssp.ifpri.info/2018/08/28/unpacking-the-complexity-of-improved-nutrition-in-ghana/ sunflower have also been shared - http://gssp.ifpri.info/2018/03/27/book-launch-ghanas-cocoa-industry-contends-with-growth- with the Government of Tanzania. poverty/ * Outcome template "PIM's modeling expertise used to support the design of the agricultural investment strategies of Malawi and Rwanda": https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2676&cycle=Reporting&year=20 18 32 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 2 Governments USAID adopted PIM's Tools and Complete * Goyal, Aparajita; Nash, John. 2017. Reaping Richer Returns : Public Spending Priorities for in at least 3 performance indicators in the US databases on African Agriculture Productivity Growth. Africa Development Forum;. Washington, DC: World CGIAR Global Food Security Strategy. public Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25996 countries of IFAD uses PIM's RIAPA model to expenditure * Lowder, Sarah K. 2018. Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development collaboration design country investment are used by (SPEED): Evaluation of outcomes based on the use of the SPEED database, 2008–2018. use empirical strategies. The World Bank used policy analysts Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). evidence and SPEED in a book which informed in 2 global, http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/133208 quantitative development operations in African regional, and * IFPRI-IFAD joint publication using RIAPA: methods to countries. Work is ongoing with national http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/131413/filename/131624.pdf modify their BMGF to enhance the institutes to * Innovation "Rural Investment and Policy Analysis model": allocation of prioritization of Tanzania's assess https://marlo.cgiar.org/summaries/PIM/projectInnovationSummary.do?innovationID=345&phaseI public resource Agricultural Sector Development investment D=57 towards better Programme budgeting. options of * Publication analyzing public expenditures with national collaborators in Nigeria: targeted In 2018, Malawi and Rwanda’s governments http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/132891/filename/133102.pdf investments National Agriculture Investment * Outcome template "PIM tools help USAID monitor countries' progress towards food security": favoring Plans used PIM's analysis. PIM https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2675&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 inclusive research on public agricultural * Outcome template "PIM's modeling expertise used to design the agricultural investment strategies agricultural expenditures led to changes in of Malawi and Rwanda": growth and China's agricultural expenditures. https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2676&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 rural PIM is working with the * Outcome template "Improving returns to public investments in China’s agricultural sector": transformation Government of Malawi to improve h ttps://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2678&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 extension and policies for the maize sector. 2 PIM works with the Government of Tools and Complete * Outcome template "Informing the Government of Flanders' investment in agricultural advice Malawi and donors to improve databases on services to Malawian farmers": service delivery in extension. In public service https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2677&cycle=Reporting&year=20 Pakistan, Senior Education delivery are 18 Department officials expressed used by * Joint article between IFPRI and the World Bank: Mogues, Tewodaj; and Erman, Alvina. interest in scaling-up ICT analysts in 2 Institutional arrangements to make public spending responsive to the poor: When intent meets techniques based on PIM global, political economy realities. Development Policy Review. Article in press. First published online research on randomly-allocated regional, and one October 11, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12406 school inspections and improved national * Blog post "Improving KP’s development outcomes": teacher performance evaluations. institutes to https://pakistangrowthstory.org/2018/02/15/improving-kps-development-outcomes/ Other work with World Bank assess service * Description of joint work with the International Growth Centre in Pakistan: reviewed service institutional delivery https://www.theigc.org/project/mechanisms-for-increasing-the-accountability-of-teachers-and- innovations to improve delivery. modalities of s chools-in-rural-pakistan-to-improve-learning-outcomes/ Finally, PIM research on governments effectiveness of public expenditure, described above, also generates useful insights on s ervice delivery modalities. 33 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 3 Evidence is After supporting the trade Evidence is Complete * PIM outcome note on Ag-Incentives: https://pim.cgiar.org/pim-outcome-notes/ag-incentives- used to support negotiations between the EU and used to consortium-improves-global-data-on-agricultural-policies/ changes in the Southern African Development support * African Continental Free Trade Area - Towards finalization of modalities on goods (toolkit): trade policy Community and the Economic changes in https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/afcfta- and/or Community of West African States trade policy towards_the_finalization_of_modalities_on_goods_rev1.pdf regulations with (ECOWAS), research is focusing and/or * Bouët, Antoine, Laborde, David, and Fousseini, Traore. 2017. The European Union–West global and on intra-regional integration in regulations Africa Economic Partnership Agreement. regional Africa. Research has contributed with global and http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/131079/filename/131290.pdf implications in to the trade talks and outcomes of regional * The Economic Impact of the West Africa - EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EC): 3 instances the ECOWAS-Morocco implications in http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/april/tradoc_154422.pdf agreement. two instances The UN-ECA is using a PIM (cumulative methodology in guidelines for total) countries in the new continental trade agreement. Work on impact of the US-China tensions on LAC was presented in Argentina and Costa Rica, leading to demand from these countries for assistance in understanding the impact of the US-China tensions on their economies. 3 Research and The PIM tools for assessing food Postharvest Complete * FAO Technical Platform on the Measurement and Reduction of Food Loss and Waste: development loss in the value chain are now losses are http://www.fao.org/platform-food-loss-waste/food-loss/food-loss- organizations being disseminated through the assessed for measurement/ifprimethodology/en/ use PIM tools FAO Technical Platform on the additional * PIM webinar "Measuring food losses: a new methodology": to address Measurement and Reduction of commodities https://pim.cgiar.org/2018/04/25/webinar-measuring-food-losses-a-new-methodology/ postharvest Food Loss and Waste. A next and countries, * Blog post presenting the new methodology to measure food losses: losses in 10 important step is to track the use leading to h ttps://pim.cgiar.org/2018/01/12/the-reality-of-food-losses-a-new-measurement-methodology/ countries of these tools. further actions PIM studies on the extent of to address losses have led to studies of major losses in interventions to reduce losses in 3 countries Ecuador (potato), Ethiopia (maize), and Guatemala and Honduras (beans), co-funded by PIM. 34 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 3 Research and Distortions in 9 value chains in 4 The main Complete * Tokgoz, Simla; and Majeed, Fahd. Measuring distortions to agricultural incentives for value development countries have been analyzed: distortions or chain analysis: Evidence from Indian value chains. Journal of Agricultural Economics. Article in organizations sheep value chain in Ethiopia, weaknesses in press. First published online on October 10, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12305 use PIM tools goats value chain in Ethiopia, international * Innovation "Value chain nominal rate of protection": for value chain ethanol-molasses-sugar value and national https://marlo.cgiar.org/summaries/PIM/projectInnovationSummary.do?innovationID=349&phaseI analysis and chain in India, groundnut value markets and D=57 development in chain in India, rapeseed value priority * Discussion paper "Measuring distortions along Tanzanian agricultural value chains" (2018). 20 instances in chain in India, palm oil value chain interventions http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15738coll2/id/132786/rec/2 6 countries in Nigeria, cocoa value chain in for 5 additional * Book on cocoa value chains in Ghana (2017). http://www.ifpri.org/publication/cocoa-coast- Nigeria, maize value chain in major value b oard-managed-cocoa-sector-ghana Tanzania, groundnut value chain chains in in Tanzania. countries are Interventions to improve value identified chains using PIM tools are ongoing in Honduras (beans and coffee), Ghana (cocoa), Kenya (maize), and Pakistan (wheat), and additional projects are beginning in 2019. 35 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 3 Implementation A review of the market system Analyses of Extended After conducting a review, the team agreed that it was important to consider other scaling partners in development approach found that scaling models approaches before embarking on dissemination. three countries rigorous evaluation of the for value chain use analysis of approach was lacking. The are shared * Osorio-Cortes, Luis E.; Lundy, Mark (2018). Behaviour Change Scale-Up in Market Systems approaches to research team then agreed to look with key actors Development: A literature review. International Food Policy Research Institute, 79 p. scaling to more broadly into other scaling in value chain h ttps://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/100158 increase approaches to assess their development numbers of relevance for value chain beneficiaries by interventions. 50% in The approach used by PIM to designated disseminate lessons on value projects chains to partners for scaling changed in 2018, from a focus on value chains hubs (evaluated as lacking effectiveness in representing all centers) to dissemination through the Tools4valuechains website and direct interactions with major implementers. 3 New insurance New insurance products Use of Complete * Project note "Picture-based crop insurance: Is it feasible? Using farmers’ smartphone pictures products are developed by PIM are currently insurance to minimize the costs of loss verification" (2017). being used by being used by smallholder farmers products http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15738coll2/id/131370/rec/19 smallholder in India and Kenya. In addition, developed by * Project note "Picture-based crop insurance: Is it sustainable? Effects on Willingness to Pay, farmers in 3 dissemination of findings about PIM expands Adverse Selection, and Moral Hazard" (2017): countries picture-based insurance (PBI) in 1 country http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15738coll2/id/131380/rec/15 have led to plans to test PBI in * Project note "Seeing is believing: Using Crop Pictures in Personalized Advisory Services Ethiopia and Kenya. (2018): http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/133017 * Innovation "Picture-based insurance: delivering affordable crop insurance using farmers' smartphone pictures to assess crop damage": https://marlo.cgiar.org/summaries/PIM/projectInnovationSummary.do?innovationID=335&phaseI D=57 36 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 4 Improved Social protection modalities are New social Complete * Bangladesh social being tested to study the impact of protection - Hoddinott, John F.; Ahmed, Akhter; and Roy, Shalini. 2018. Randomized control trials demonstrate protection transfers and complementary implementation that nutrition-sensitive social protection interventions increase the use of multiple-micronutrient innovations nutrition programs in Bangladesh, mechanisms powders and iron supplements in rural pre-school Bangladeshi children. Public Health Nutrition 21(9): provide food Ethiopia, Egypt, and Mali. In are tested in 3 1753-1761. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017004232 security and Bangladesh, the Improved (cumulative - Ahmed, Akhter. 2018. Assessing indicators for selection of participants for the Vulnerable Group nutrition Maternity and Lactating Mothers total) countries Development (VGD) program in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh and Washington, DC: International benefits to poor Allowance Program pilot phase Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/132834 households in was designed to test how cash - Outcome template "Strengthening the performance of a child nutrition-oriented safety net in 3 countries transfers, food transfers, and/or Bangladesh: the Improved Maternity and Lactating Mother Allowance": nutrition behavior change https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2662&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 communication affect newborn - Outcome template "Improving the performance of the largest safety net program for ultra-poor health and nutrition. Evidence women in rural Bangladesh": from Egypt showed positive https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2661&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 effects on diets for the poor from * Ethiopia rolling back broad food subsidies - Hirvonen, Kalle; and Hoddinott, John F. 2018. Payment modality preferences: Evidence from in favor of targeted cash transfers. Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme. ESSP Working Paper 125. Washington, DC and Addis The Jigisémèjiri cash transfer Ababa, Ethiopia: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development program in Mali added preventive Research Institute (EDRI). http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/132897 nutrition packets in randomly- * Egypt assigned villages; effects will be - Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel; and tested using endline data from Karachiwalla, Naureen. 2018. Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from 2018. Egypt’s Takaful and Karama program. In Boosting growth to end hunger by 2025: The role of social protection, eds. Fleur Stephanie Wouterse and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896295988_10 - Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kassim, Yumna; Kurdi, Sikandra; Jilani, Amir Hamza; and Thai, Giang. 2018. Egypt’s Takaful and Karama cash transfer program: Evaluation of program impacts and recommendations. IFPRI Policy Brief October 2018. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896295964Mali - Outcome template "Enhancing the impacts of Egypt's cash transfer program for the very poor": https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2171&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 * Mali - "Findings and Policy Uptake of IFPRI's Impact Evaluation of the Mali Government's Jigisémèjiri Cash Transfer Program" (2018) (ppt): https://www.dropbox.com/s/f5se40ozj31vchb/Bugha_with%20refs.pdf?dl=0 - Hidrobo, Melissa; Roy, Shalini; Huybregts, Lieven; Njee-Bugha, Leila; Sessou, Eric; and Kameli, Yves. 2018. Filets Sociaux (Jigisémèjiri) program midline report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/133081 - Outcome template "Achieving better child nutrition through the Government of Mali's social protection program: the contribution of PIM": https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2659&cycle=Reporting&year=2018 37 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 5 Evidence Lessons from research on the Evidence on Complete * Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Doss, Cheryl R.; and Theis, Sophie. informs natural importance of tenure in forest tenure security 2017. Women’s land rights as a pathway to poverty reduction: A framework and review of resource landscape restoration led to the synthesized available evidence. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1663. Washington, D.C. governance inclusion of tenure in new GIZ and tailored to http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/131359 and tenure forest restoration projects in different * McLain, Rebecca; Lawry, Steven; Guariguata, Manuel R.; and Reed, James. Toward a tenure- policy Ethiopia and Madagascar. In regions and responsive approach to forest landscape restoration: A proposed tenure diagnostic for assessing processes/impl India, Foundation for Ecological contexts is restoration opportunities. Land Use Policy. Article in press. First published online on December ementation in Security uses evidence from PIM used by 27, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.053 12 countries studies to secure rights of research and * Kosec, Katrina; Ghebru, Hosaena; Holtemeyer, Brian; Mueller, Valerie; and Schmidt, Emily. communities to the commons. implementation 2018. The effect of land access on youth employment and migration decisions: Evidence from Evidence on tenure security partners in 3 rural Ethiopia. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100(3): 931-954. drivers and consequences in countries https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax087 Ethiopia are fed into national * Ghebru, Hosaena; Koru, Bethlehem; and Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum. 2016. Synopsis: dialogues with funders and the Household perception and demand for better protection of land rights in Ethiopia. ESSP II government. Research Note 52. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/130286 * Summary of workshop with GIZ to present research results and integrate them into new investments in Madagascar and Ethiopia: https://www.cifor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GIZ- CIFOR%20FLR%20and%20Tenure%20Workshop%20Outcomes.pdf * Foundation for Ecological Security Annual Report, with mention of IFPRI, CIFOR and Collaborating for Resilience (p.56): http://fes.org.in/pdf/annual-report-2017-18.pdf 5 Tools with contribution of PIM The toolbox of Complete * Mwita, V.C., Kalenzi, D. and Flintan, F. 2017. Joint Village Land Use Planning in Tanzania: A have been used in the Joint methods for process to enhance the securing of rangelands and resolving land use conflicts. Paper Village Land Use Planning landscape presented at the 2017 Conference on Land Policy in Africa, 14-17 November 2017, Addis approach in Tanzania and in the governance is Ababa, Ethiopia: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/89927 Participatory Rangeland used by * Collective action games: https://gamesforsustainability.org/practitioners/#groundwater-game Management approach in researchers * International Land Coalition brochure on National Engagement Strategies, with mention of the Ethiopia. The PIM games for and partnership with Collaborating for Resilience: collective action have been used development http://www.landcoalition.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/ilc_case_study_c0166_afric in the Promise of Commons practitioners in a_en.pdf initiative in India led by 3 countries * Description of partnership between International Land Coalition and Collaborating for Foundation for Ecological R esilience: https://www.coresilience.org/international-land-coalition Security. The PIM methodology for multistakeholder approaches to resource management is used by International Land Coalition in several countries to build effective coalitions. 38 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 5 Formal linkages have been Formal Complete * International Land Coalition brochure on National Engagement Strategies, with mention of the established with the International mechanisms partnership with Collaborating for Resilience: Land Coalition through are established http://www.landcoalition.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/ilc_case_study_c0166_afric Collaborating for Resilience. for CGIAR to a_en.pdf (Collaborating for Resilience, an provide * Description of partnership between International Land Coalition and Collaborating for approach developed with PIM analytical Resilience: https://www.coresilience.org/international-land-coalition support, provides a structured support to key *MOUs with FES: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/l4cc8j07jo7grro/AAA4xy_ZEv1Vua-- framework for understanding tenure and qGGKnTf0a?dl=0 stakeholder interactions and resource policy *Evidence of formal link with the Africa Union and United Nations Economic Commission for organizing for social and processes at Africa Land Policy Initiative: https://allafrica.com/stories/201707180826.html institutional change.) regional and MOUs have been signed with country level Foundation for Ecological Security by IFPRI and CIFOR for collaborative work on restoration of degraded lands. Pilot studies to track implementation of the African Union Land Declaration are being implemented with the Africa Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa in four countries (Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda and Tanzania). 39 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 5 Improved Collaboration between PIM and Collaborative Complete *PIM webinar "Innovations to help secure pastoral land tenure and governance" (PIM and landscape-level LIVESTOCK on implementation of research LIVESTOCK): https://pim.cgiar.org/files/2019/03/PIMWebinar-Flintan-ppt.pdf governance tools for improved rangeland among CRPs *A meeting between PIM, FTA, and WLE generated lessons that could be applied to support arrangements management in Tanzania and leads to key landscape restoration initiatives: are Ethiopia led to lessons that are lessons in at https://www.dropbox.com/s/na3f99ux420afnw/CGIAR%20FTA-WLE- implemented in ready for scaling up. A partnership least 3 PIM%20meeting%20report%2031%20august%20and%201%20september%202018- 6 countries, with FTA and WLE on landscape countries final.docx?dl=0 with more restoration was launched. PIM, *These lessons were applied at a meeting to develop a multi-CRP/center collaboration with productive and FTA, and WLE are developing a Foundation for Ecological Security: equitable partnership with FES on the https://www.dropbox.com/s/yx6z2fzd2vhd04l/PoC%20research%20partnerships%20- management in Promise of the Commons initiative % 20guidance%20on%20integration%20Dec2018.docx?dl=0 at least 2 to restore 20 million acres of land in India. FTA and PIM plan to support implementation of the Government of Ethiopia's Forest Act. PIM leads cross-CRP work to synthesize lessons on multistakeholder platforms. A synthesis of lessons on games for collective action is planned for 2019. 40 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 6 National By 2018, 86 organizations in 53 Researchers Complete * WEAI Resource Center: http://weai.ifpri.info researchers countries have used some form of from all CGIAR * The database on use of WEAI use improved the Women’s Empowerment in centers use (https://www.dropbox.com/s/h4gj9p8e399vzk8/WEAI%20Outcomes%20Excel_PUBLIC%20v3.xl gender Agriculture Index. PIM has PIM gender sx?dl=0) notes use of WEAI by 10 centers. research partnered with FAO to develop research Use of WEAI or other PIM research methods by other centers can be found at the following links: methods in 5 statistics presented in the Gender methods and AfricaRice: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016717300906 countries and Land Rights Database, which guidelines CIMMYT, CIP, and Bioversity International: is widely used by decision https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/99066/Qualitative_Badstue_2018.pdf?sequenc makers. PIM researchers have e=1&isAllowed=y conducted research employing ICRISAT: http://oar.icrisat.org/8484/1/ISEDPS_31_2015.pdf improved gender research CIFOR and Bioversity International: methods with researchers from https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/78632/Njanchi_etal_2016.pdf?sequence=1&is Data Analysis and Technical Allowed=y Assistance Ltd. (DATA) in * FAO Gender and Land Rights Database: http://www.fao.org/gender-landrights-database/en/ Bangladesh. Researchers from all * Gender Platform conferences and webinars: https://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/ CGIAR centers have used the * Standards for Collecting Sex-Disaggregated Data (PIM product): WEAI and/or other PIM gender http://pim.cgiar.org/files/2012/05/Standards-for-Collecting-Sex-Disaggregated-Data-for-Gender- research methods. All centers Analysis.pdf refer to the PIM-developed Standards for Collecting Sex- Disaggregated data. The Gender Platform's annual conferences and webinars disseminate gender research methods. 41 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 6 Gender Research on the effects of cash Gender equity- Complete * Heath, Rachel; Hidrobo, Melissa; and Roy, Shalini. 2018. Cash transfers, polygamy, and dimensions of transfers on intimate partner enhancing intimate partner violence: Experimental evidence from Mali. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1785. policies are violence in Mali and Bangladesh recommendati Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). strengthened in contributed to a synthesis paper ons from case http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15738coll2/id/133031 4 countries and have been disseminated in studies are * Kosec, Katrina; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; and Song, Jie. 2018. Aspirations those countries and globally. synthesized and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1786. Recommendations related to and discussed Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). women's empowerment have with policy http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/133033 been disseminated to the Ministry makers in 4 * Report of World Food Programme workshop "Gender, Markets and Data Conference", with of Finance of the Russian (cumulative participation of IFPRI/PIM to present findings on social protection and intimate partner violence Federation (a net aid donor to total) countries (2018): https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000099670/download/ many Central Asian countries) to * Press release about FAO-ICARDA workshop in Egypt: inform Russia's foreign aid http://www.icarda.org/sites/default/files/ICARDA_FAO_join_forces_promote_decent_work_gend strategy. The policy implications of er_equality_Egypt.pdf PIM’s work on rural women and decent employment in Egypt were shared in an FAO-ICARDA workshop attended by participants representing various governmental agencies; another workshop with the Department of Agriculture is planned for 2019. 42 Status of Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer back to means of verification, and link F 2022 2018 Progress against 2022 outcome 2018 to evidence wherever possible); or provide explanation for extended, cancelled or P outcomes milestones milestones changed milestones 6 Indicators of Bangladesh, Bolivia, and Research on Complete * Outcome template "Empowering women through the United States’ global initiative to combat women's Nicaragua have experienced effective hunger – The role of the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index": empowerment improvements in women’s interventions https://marlo.cgiar.org/projects/PIM/studySummary.do?studyID=2680&cycle=Reporting&year=20 in agriculture empowerment in agriculture for 18 increase in 3 through interventions informed by empowering * Ambler, Kate; Jones, Kelly M.; and O'Sullivan, Michael. 2018. Farm and family balance project: countries WEAI results. women in Evidence from Uganda. Project Note. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research In Uganda, PIM research found agriculture is Institute (IFPRI). http://cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/132713 that the Farm and Family Balance used by 4 * Godek, Wendy & García, María Alejandra (2018). Unpacking Intra-Household Decision-Making project empowers women by (cumulative on Smallholder Farms in Colombia and Nicaragua to Foster Climate Change Adaptation. In: increasing women’s involvement total) Congress of the Latin American studies association, Barcelona, Spain, May 23 -May 26, 2018. in sugarcane marketing and sales implementation 2 6p. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/99830 through encouraging the partners registration of a sugarcane block contract in the wife’s name. Uganda's Tropical Bank and Kakira Sugar Limited have changed procedures to better include women. Partners in Colombia and Nicaragua are disseminating findings on the benefits of climate change adaption on women’s empowerment. Senegal-based Professionals for Fair Development works with PIM to study women's empowerment. 43 Table 6: Numbers of peer-reviewed journal articles Number Percent Peer-reviewed articles 164 100% Open access 82 50% ISI 147 90% Table 7: Participants in capacity development activities Number of trainees Female Male In short-term programs 3,049 4,976 In long-term programs 5 2 44 Table 8: Key external partnerships Lead flagship Brief description of partnership aims List of key partners in partnership Main area of partnership Flagship 1 Enhancing the agricultural research system • Pakistan Agricultural Research Council • Capacity in Pakistan • International Food Policy Research Institute • Research Flagship 1 Evaluation of innovative extension methods • Digital Green (Ethiopia) • Delivery in East Africa • International Food Policy Research Institute • Research • Paris School of Economics • Makerere University • Viamo • Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources • World Agroforestry Centre Flagship 1 Adoption of the Agricultural Science and • National Academy of Agricultural Research • Capacity Technology Indicators by national and Management (India) regional partners in Asia • Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions • Government of India • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 1 High-impact publications on health • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research • Research implications and environmental impacts of Organisation alternative diets • Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung • Oxford Martin School (University of Oxford) • International Food Policy Research Institute • Bioversity International Flagship 1 Design and implementation of a certificate • National Commission for Science and Technology, • Capacity program for biosafety inspectors in Malawi Malawi • Delivery • Environmental Affairs Department (Malawi) • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 2 Michigan State University's dual • Michigan State University • Other management and research role in PIM • International Food Policy Research Institute • Research Flagship 2 Flagship 2 Using PIM’s research on public expenditures • Asian Development Bank • Delivery for developing China's Rural Revitalization • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Strategy People's Republic of China • International Food Policy Research Institute 45 Lead flagship Brief description of partnership aims List of key partners in partnership Main area of partnership Flagship 2 Designing IFAD's country investment • International Fund for Agricultural Development • Delivery strategies using IFPRI’s economywide • International Food Policy Research Institute • Research investment and value chain analysis methods and the IFPRI/IFAD Rural Investment and Policy Analysis modeling toolkit Flagship 2 Structural Transformation of African • African Economic Research Consortium • Capacity Agriculture and Rural Spaces (STAARS) • Cornell University • Research project • African Development Bank Group • Partnership for Economic Policy • The World Bank • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 2 Partnership with the International Growth • Zambian Revenue Authority • Delivery Centre facilitates IFPRI's engagement with • International Growth Centre • Research the Zambian Revenue Authority to ensure • International Food Policy Research Institute that research findings are policy relevant Flagship 3 Wageningen University and Research's dual • Wageningen University and Research Centre • Capacity management and research role in PIM • International Food Policy Research Institute • Research Flagship 3 Flagship 3 Ag-Incentives Consortium: International • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United • Research Organisations Consortium for Measuring the Nations Policy Environment for Agriculture • Inter-American Development Bank • Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development • The World Bank • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 3 Fostering gender-inclusive business models • Swisscontact • Capacity in small rural enterprises in Honduras • McGill University • Development through the use of the gender-responsive • Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical • Delivery LINK methodology Flagship 3 Providing online computable general • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa • Capacity equilibrium modeling training to African • International Food Policy Research Institute economists 46 Lead flagship Brief description of partnership aims List of key partners in partnership Main area of partnership Flagship 3 Applied research on picture-based insurance • World Food Programme • Development and advisory services • eeMAUSAM, Weather Risk Management Services • Delivery Private LTD • Research • HDFC ERGO General Insurance Company Ltd. • The University of Manchester • Ghent University • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 4 Approaches to humanitarian assistance to • World Vision International • Capacity reduce malnutrition in fragile settings • International Food Policy Research Institute • Research Flagship 4 Impact evaluation of the Strengthen PSNP4 • World Vision International • Capacity Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) • Government of Ethiopia • Research Development Food Security Activity program • Hawassa University in Ethiopia • Ambo University • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 4 Impact evaluation of the "Takaful and • Government of Egypt • Delivery Karama" cash transfer program • International Food Policy Research Institute • Policy Flagship 4 Impact of conflict and food assistance on • Institute of Development Studies • Policy food-insecure populations in Mali • World Food Programme • Research • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 4 Impact evaluation of the Improved Maternity • World Food Programme • Delivery and Lactating Mother Allowance and • Government of Bangladesh • Policy Vulnerable Group Development programs • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 5 Capacity building to convene and sustain • International Land Coalition • Capacity multistakeholder platforms that accelerate • Collaborating for Resilience • Delivery progress in reforming and implementing • ForestAction - Forest Resources Studies and policies for people-centered land Action Team governance • WorldFish Flagship 5 Scaling up efforts to secure tenure, improve • Foundation for Ecological Security • Capacity governance, and contribute to ecological • Collaborating for Resilience • Delivery restoration of 30 million acres of common • WorldFish land in India • International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics • Bioversity International • International Food Policy Research Institute • Center for International Forestry Research 47 Lead flagship Brief description of partnership aims List of key partners in partnership Main area of partnership Flagship 5 Improved rangeland governance in Ethiopia, • National Land Use Planning Commission (United • Capacity Tanzania, and Tunisia Republic of Tanzania) • Delivery • Ministère de l'Equipement, de l'Habitat et de l'Aménagement du Territoire (Tunisia) • Office d'Elevage et des Paturages • Institut des Régions Arides • Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Ethiopia) • International Fund for Agricultural Development • International Land Coalition • Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries (United Republic of Tanzania) • Ministry of Agriculture, Hydraulic Resources and Fisheries (Tunisia) • International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area • International Livestock Research Institute Flagship 5 Understanding community-level tenure • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale • Capacity factors affecting implementation of forest Zusammenarbeit • Delivery landscape restoration in Ethiopia and • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate • Research supporting implementation of rights change (Ethiopia) devolution in the 2018 Forest Proclamation • Center for International Forestry Research Flagship 5 Improving capacities and tools to address • Universidad Nacional Agraria (Peru) • Capacity the challenges of formalization and tenure • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United security of native communities in Peru Nations • Global Environment Facility • European Union • International Fund for Agricultural Development • Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú • Center for International Forestry Research Flagship 6 Management of Gender Platform • Royal Tropical Institute • Capacity • Center for International Forestry Research • Delivery • International Livestock Research Institute • Research • International Food Policy Research Institute 48 Lead flagship Brief description of partnership aims List of key partners in partnership Main area of partnership Flagship 6 Evaluations of contract farming innovations • Kakira Sugar Limited • Delivery to increase inclusion of women • GRET - Professionels du Dévelopment Solidaire • Research • La Laiterie du Berger • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 6 Tools to analyze women’s involvement in • University of Central Asia • Capacity intrahousehold decision making • Westminster International University in Tashkent • Research • Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical • International Food Policy Research Institute • International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas Flagship 6 Building a research agenda on cash • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine • Capacity transfers and intimate partner violence: a • University of North Carolina • Research new "research collaborative" • Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health • United Nations Children's Fund • International Food Policy Research Institute Flagship 6 Design of USAID programs for women's • USAID • Delivery empowerment in Feed the Future countries • International Food Policy Research Institute 49 Table 9: Internal cross-CGIAR collaborations Name(s) of collaborating CRP(s), Brief description of the collaboration Optional: Value added, in a few words Platform(s) or Center(s) Continued partnership with all centers and co-investment CCAFS, FTA, FISH, GLDC, Articles in high-impact journals, presentations in high- with many CRPs on foresight modeling LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, PIM, profile fora, preparations for CGIAR Foresight Report, RTB, WHEAT PIM-led CGIAR community of practice on foresight modeling, International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade webtool Continued partnership with the National Economic and CCAFS, PIM Co-investment in analyses, dissemination of findings, Development Authority in the Philippines to analyze and capacity strengthening options to respond to climate change PIM and RTB collaborate on studies of policy and Gender, PIM, RTB PIM leads studies on policy and regulatory issues; regulatory options for strengthening seed systems for RTB leads studies on successful models for seed vegetatively propagated crops; PIM also participates in systems one of the studies on gender dynamics in seed systems coordinated by the Gender Platform, also in collaboration with RTB. Cross-country research on the impact of public MAIZE, PIM Each team brings to bear their unique expertise and investments in agricultural research and other agricultural comparative advantage, PIM on the impacts of public investments on agricultural performance in the maize investments in agriculture and MAIZE on the sector and for other cereals maize/other cereals' sectors Promote use of the most comprehensive, nationally A4NH, PIM Through IFPRI's Bangladesh Policy and Research representative household survey ever conducted in Strategy Support Program, A4NH works with PIM on Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Integrated Household joint analysis and dissemination of results as a way of Survey. In 2018, this included work on determinants of improving how policy options are understood, adolescent nutrition and the nexus between farm discussed, and implemented diversification and diet diversity Analysis of distortions in rice value chains PIM, RICE PIM generates distortion data and RICE invests in their analyses and implications Research on postharvest losses (hermetic storage bags in MAIZE, PIM, RTB Unified methodology to measure losses, coordinated Ethiopia with MAIZE and managing postharvest losses in pilot interventions to reduce losses potatoes and sweet potatoes with RTB) Book “Value chain development and the poor: Promise, MAIZE, PIM Collection of new and previously published papers on delivery and opportunities for increased impact at scale” value chain development and the poor. The book will (to be published in late 2019) contain various PIM-funded papers. Book to be published by UK-based Practical Action Publishing 50 Name(s) of collaborating CRP(s), Brief description of the collaboration Optional: Value added, in a few words Platform(s) or Center(s) Cross-CGIAR engagement on value chains A4NH, BigData, CCAFS, FTA, Workshop to improve the coordination of CGIAR’s FISH, Gender, GLDC, work on value chains and initiate a CGIAR community LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, PIM, of practice in the Fall of 2018, PIM call for proposals RICE, RTB, WHEAT on quality certification and market competitiveness through co-investments with other CRPs (December 2018), revamped Toos4valuechains.org website Evaluation of a check off system in the dairy sector (input LIVESTOCK, PIM LIVESTOCK contributes to assessing adoption and credit received against future milk delivery) qualitative dimensions of the system and PIM contributes to an impact evaluation Use of smartphone pictures to develop applications for BigData, PIM PIM invests in the development of a picture-based insurance and advisory services insurance product; the co-investment with Big Data helps test the development of a business case and scaling up for insurance and advisory services PIM continued to partner with CCAFS on the Learning CCAFS, PIM CGIAR community of practice on weather-related Platform for Agricultural Insurance, and participated in the agricultural insurance learning event organized at the International Microinsurance Conference in Lusaka to build a CGIAR Community of Practice on weather-related agricultural insurance Research on social protection in the Andes PIM, RTB Securing funding from the International Development Research Center for a pilot study on eliminating anemia through scaling agriculture-nutrition interventions Joint work on nutritional insights and outcomes in A4NH, PIM PIM funds social protection evaluations and other Bangladesh household studies which enable further analyses of nutritional dimensions led by A4NH Research on land use planning in Vietnam FTA, PIM PIM provided financial support (in addition to ACIAR and FTA) in the development and promotion of market-based agroforestry options to improve livelihoods and enhance forest and landscape management Policy dialogue and capacity building for rangeland LIVESTOCK, PIM PIM’s work brings in attention to tenure and management and land use planning in pastoral areas in governance in conservation of pastoral land Ethiopia, Tanzania and Tunisia 51 Name(s) of collaborating CRP(s), Brief description of the collaboration Optional: Value added, in a few words Platform(s) or Center(s) Joint planning of initiatives for restoring degraded FTA, PIM, WLE Synergy between PIM’s focus on strengthening landscapes; the PIM investment focuses on governance landscape-level governance and the focus of WLE and mechanisms, policies, and gender dimensions FTA on technical and institutional interventions related to soil, water and tree/forest resources Collecting evidence at household, community and national FTA, PIM Systematic analysis of the socioeconomic levels of socioeconomic benefits from 12 community forest performance of community enterprises in the Maya concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Biosphere Reserve Guatemala Games on collective action to improve governance of PIM, WLE The use of collective action games by IFPRI and common resources in India: research methods and ICRISAT to improve collective water management was capacity building piloted under WLE, and has been expanded under PIM to cover other types of resources (e.g. forest management) and create an online resource center. In addition to expanding the reach of games as an intervention, PIM is examining ways of measuring the social learning effect of games Compilation of information and analysis on payments for PIM, RTB The PIM investment contributes to the institutional and agrobiodiversity conservation services (PACS); exploration policy dimensions of mechanisms for PACS of the potential of PACS Contribution of community seed banks to socioecological CCAFS, PIM PIM and CCAFS fund different case studies and resilience dimensions related to community seed banks; the PIM investment is related to the institutional issues Synthesis on the effectiveness of multistakeholder FTA, LIVESTOCK, PIM, WLE PIM provides support for the compilation and platforms synthesis, drawing upon case studies supported by the other CRPs Further development of tools tailored to different types of A4NH, PIM A4NH contributes to the development of the project- users based on the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture level WEAI (Pro-WEAI) and PIM to the development of Index the Abbreviated WEAI (A-WEAI) and forthcoming WEAI for value chains (WEAIVC) Research on gender roles and decision making in value GLDC, PIM, WHEAT chains in Egypt, Jordan, and Uzbekistan Analyses of joint decision making about agricultural A4NH, CCAFS, PIM, RICE The studies funded by the three CRPs were production in households of Nicaragua and Colombia synthesized into lessons 52 Name(s) of collaborating CRP(s), Brief description of the collaboration Optional: Value added, in a few words Platform(s) or Center(s) Gender Platform's 2018-2020 grants on the feminization of CCAFS, FTA, LIVESTOCK, Co-investment to produce joint outputs agriculture MAIZE, PIM, RTB, WHEAT, WLE The CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research AfricaRice, A4NH, Bioversity Enhanced cross-CGIAR collaboration on gender works with the gender teams in all CRPs and Centers. In International, BigData, CCAFS, research; capacity building on gender research 2018 specific interactions took place with the recipient CIAT, CIFOR, CIMMYT, CIP, methods, tools, and initiatives; insights on how best to project teams of the platform's grants on gender dynamics EiB, FISH, FTA, GLDC, embed sex disaggregation in selected dimensions of in seed systems (2017-2019) and on feminization of ICARDA, ICRAF, ICRISAT, the work of Big Data agriculture (2018-2020). A Gender and Big Data IFPRI, IITA, ILRI, IRRI, IWMI, community of practice was launched through collaboration LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, PIM, between the Gender Platform and the Big Data Platform. RICE, RTB, WHEAT, WLE, WorldFish Investment and participation in the CGIAR country PIM, RTB Identification of specific actions for stakeholders to collaboration process: co-funding for a stakeholder enhance collaboration among CGIAR centers and workshop in Nigeria alignment with national agriculture and development objectives 53 Table 10: Monitoring, evaluation, learning and impact assessment (MELIA) Studies/learning exercises planned for this year Type of study Please include links to MELIA publications here Status (from POWB) or activity Also, optional space for comments Policy successes and contributing factors in IFPRI Complete Qualitative outcome http://www.ifpri.org/publication/taking-stock-ifpris- decentralised country-based programs study experience-country-programs http://www.ifpri.org/publication/ifpri-country-programs- lessons-case-study-successes Impact of IFPRI’s decentralization strategy on country Complete Ex post impact http://www.ifpri.org/publication/has-ifpris-research- development indicators assessment decentralization-strategy-made-difference-econometric- study-african Resource tenure and governance outcomes Extended Qualitative outcome Postponed in order to follow the completion of synthesis study work undertaken by the research team Contribution of the Statistics on Public Expenditures Complete Qualitative outcome http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/13 for Economic Development (SPEED) databases and study 3208 outputs to policy and program decision making Contribution of Agricultural Science and Technology Complete Qualitative outcome http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/13 Indicators (ASTI) databases and outputs to policy study 3207 and program decision making Contribution of foresight tools and outputs to policy Extended Qualitative outcome Started in 2018 to be completed in 2019 and program decision making study Contribution of SAMs databases, tools and outputs to Extended Qualitative outcome Start was delayed to first quarter of 2019 policy and program decision making study Outcome note (brief) on Ag-incentives consortium for Complete Other MELIA activity https://pim.cgiar.org/pim-outcome-notes/ag-incentives- more effective monitoring of agricultural policy consortium-improves-global-data-on-agricultural-policies/ distortions Outcome note (brief) on PIM contribution to value Extended Other MELIA activity chain innovations scaled up by the Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Agency Outcome note (brief) on contribution to land tenure Extended Other MELIA activity policies and programs in African countries Outcome note (brief) on contributions to social Extended Other MELIA activity protection program interventions to reduce intimate partner violence 54 Studies/learning exercises planned for this year Type of study Please include links to MELIA publications here Status (from POWB) or activity Also, optional space for comments Evaluation of check off system in dairy sector (input Extended Ex post impact credit received against future milk delivery) to feed assessment into an ex post impact assessment study by LIVESTOCK Review of gender relevance of PIM 2017 peer- Complete Other MELIA activity http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/13 reviewed publications 3210 Training of PIM research team on the MARLO Complete Other MELIA activity Guidance and backstopping provided to the flagship system managers by the PMU throughout the year Reviews of impact pathways and planned outcomes Extended Synthesis A participative process to agree on the priorities for with all flagship teams 2019-2021 and review the status of the planned milestones and outcomes was started in 2018. This process led by the Program Management Unit will help articulate the plans (research questions, outcomes, priority locations, etc.) of each flagship, both for internal and external use. The outputs of this process will be used to guide allocation of funding, select topics for open calls, help centers target their expressions of interest to participate in the various flagships, and develop synthesis documents outlining PIM’s plans for funders. This process is continuing in 2019. Along with other CRPs, test the new common Complete Other MELIA activity Participated in discussions to define what constitutes a indicators, especially the ways in which policy options policy outcome and provided examples to share with and outcomes are tracked others. 55 Table 11: Update on actions taken in response to relevant evaluations Status of Name of the Rec. Text of recommendation response Concrete actions taken for this recommendation By whom When evaluation # to this rec. PIM Evaluation 7 PIM should support a vibrant Ongoing Work on the political economy of the policy process was PMU, Flagship 2017 (Independent and innovative research expanded. 2 team Evaluation program on the interface PIM is organizing a cross-CGIAR workshop on political PMU, Flagship 2019 Arrangement, between science and policy. economy research (planned for September 2019). 2 team 2015) PIM Evaluation 8 PIM should support more Ongoing PIM organized a successful pre-conference workshop held PMU, flagship 2018 (Independent opportunities for intellectual as part of the International Conference of Agricultural teams, gender Evaluation exchange and a greater Economists, and a successful scientific conference on platform Arrangement, diversity of scholarly disciplines gender through the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for 2015) to expand the choice of Gender Research. research topics, designs, and Several flagship/research teams held meetings focused on PMU, flagship 2017-2019 methods. research topics and design (foresight, value chains, social teams, gender protection, landscape governance, tenure security, gender) platform PIM’s ISC membership displays a diversity of scholarly PMU, IFPRI 2017-2019 disciplines (anthropologist and specialist in natural resource Director, IFPRI management in addition to economists). Board of Trustees PIM Evaluation 9 PIM and its flagships should Ongoing Preparations for a CGIAR Foresight Report involving all Flagship 1, 2018-19 (Independent adopt a more strategic CRPs started. PMU Evaluation approach to collaborating with PIM hosted a workshop on Integrating Value Chain Research Flagship 3, October Arrangement, other CRPs. across CGIAR. The goal of the meeting, held jointly with PMU 2018 2015) Wageningen University and Research, was to catalyze the development of a CGIAR Value Chains community of practice and facilitate collaboration on value chains among CRPs. PIM participated in launching a cross-CRP (FTA-PIM-WLE) PMU, Flagship August initiative on landscape restoration and organized a meeting to 5 and plan collaborative work on this topic in India. December 2018 A Gender and Agriculture Report concept was approved by Flagship 6, 2018-19 CGIAR gender research coordinators (the report will involve PMU all CRPs and centers). PIM Evaluation 10 PIM should formulate an Ongoing PIM commissioned a paper by the IFPRI Capacity PMU 2018-2019 (Independent explicit capacity strengthening Development Unit to reflect on the strategic ways in which Evaluation strategy to be implemented in PIM can build capacity for impact. Arrangement, conjunction with its Lead 2015) Center, IFPRI. 56 Status of Name of the Rec. Text of recommendation response Concrete actions taken for this recommendation By whom When evaluation # to this rec. PIM Evaluation 11 The leaders of the three major Ongoing The teams working on the IMPACT partial equilibrium model Flagships 1, 2 2018 (Independent modeling teams in IFPRI and MIRAGRODEP global computable general equilibrium and 3 Evaluation should explore possible model of trade collaborated to estimate the costs of ending Arrangement, synergies in their work and hunger and undernutrition. 2015) broaden their communities of practice. PIM Evaluation 12 PIM should strongly support Cancelled A period of several years of piloting showed that the hubs PMU, Flagship 2017-2019 (Independent the new regional hubs on value struggled to fulfill their originally intended mandate of 3, other CRPs Evaluation chains that are being pilot- outreach to implementation partners. After internal review Arrangement, tested during the extension and discussion with the hubs’ partners, it was agreed that 2015) phase. the concept should be rethought. The PIM value chains team is now seeking stronger linkages with implementation partners through strengthened collaboration with other CRPs. This revised approach of outreach on value chains methods and applications started to be implemented in 2018. PIM Evaluation 13 PIM should explore the extent Ongoing PIM stands ready to assist CRPs and centers on trade PMU, 2016-2019 (Independent to which other centers or CRPs issues. At this point, no request for assistance has been Flagship 3 Evaluation have unmet needs for trade received and no evidence of unmet needs has been Arrangement, analysis that PIM could provide reported. 2015) through different types of collaboration. PIM Evaluation 14 Flagships 1 and 4 should Ongoing See the report “PIM Gender Research: 2017 in Review” for PMU, 2016-2019 (Independent increase their attention to examples of gender research in Flagships 1 (gender and Flagships 1 Evaluation gender issues by building on technology adoption, gender and agricultural research, and 4 Arrangement, the innovative ways in which gender and climate change) and 4 (gender and nutrition). 2015) some of their activities are Many 2018 products of Flagship 4 have a strong focus on already addressing gender gender. Attention to gender should continue to be increased issues. in these two flagships. PIM Evaluation 15 PIM should complete its plans Completed Following completion of the annual reporting cycle, PIM’s PMU, 2017-2019 (Independent to put in place a monitoring gender team undertakes an annual ex post review of PIM Flagship 6 Evaluation system to track the level of deliverables with attention to gender in order to validate the Arrangement, attention to gender issues and consistency between planning and reporting and share 2015) to validate the claims that the lessons learned with the PIM team. Both the review of the activity proposals and annual 2016 deliverables and the review of the 2017 deliverables progress reports make in highlighted many interesting findings of PIM’s gender relation to gender. research, as well as an overall consistency between the plans and the reports about gender analysis within deliverables. 57 Status of Name of the Rec. Text of recommendation response Concrete actions taken for this recommendation By whom When evaluation # to this rec. Ex-Post Impact N/A This evaluation emphasized Ongoing Examples of such influence include the role of the social Flagship 4 2018 Assessment the need to be more visible in protection team in influencing the prioritization of research Review of global discussions so as to on intimate partner violence through the creation of a IFPRI’s contribute more to agenda research collaborative on that topic. Research setting. Program on At the IFPRI-FAO conference “Accelerating the End of Social Hunger and Malnutrition: A Global Event” in November 2018 Protection, in Bangkok, Flagship 4 researchers contributed a side event 2000–2012 on humanitarian assistance, a keynote address (“Food (2015) security in protracted refugee situations”), and a panel discussion (“Social safety nets and integrated nutrition programs”). The Flagship 4 leader now serves as an advisor to World Vision (one of the largest international NGOs supporting humanitarian assistance globally), as a member of World Vision’s Research Advisory Council for the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector. Balancing N/A This evaluation emphasized Ongoing The new ASTI strategy (2018-22) focuses on demand- Flagship 1 2018 International the importance of identifying driven research collaboration and considers a diverse set of Public Goods national demand and delivery mechanisms to inform policy. and opportunities for moving Accountability: research into policy Exploring the deliberations at critical times, Impact of for international public good IFPRI’s Policy research to be impactful at the Research on country level. Science, Technology, and Innovation (2016) IEA Evaluation 2 Centers and CRPs should base Ongoing The IFPRI Capacity Development Unit was more formally PMU 2018 of Capacity their medium-term capacity integrated into PIM, with the organization of a capacity Development development plans on clear building event in Bhutan with policy makers in November activities of capacity development strategies 2018 and plans for a strategy paper in 2019. CGIAR (2017) and incorporate capacity development more consistently into their theories of change. 58 Status of Name of the Rec. Text of recommendation response Concrete actions taken for this recommendation By whom When evaluation # to this rec. IEA Evaluation N/A There was good evidence of Ongoing Some of PIM’s organizational capacity strengthening Various 2017-2019 of Capacity the effectiveness of individual support is directed towards long-term cumulative effects. flagships Development CD interventions and This includes ASTI’s partnership with the Asia-Pacific activities of programs, but little evidence of Association of Agricultural Research Institutions, CGIAR (2017) cumulative effects to collaborations with research and government agencies in strengthen organizational and Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan, institutional capacity in and with longstanding partner Foundation for Ecological agricultural research and Security in India under the new landscape restoration development. initiative with FTA and WLE. Evaluation of 5 CRPs should refresh and Ongoing The Flagship 6 team holds annual meetings to identify PMU, 2017-2019 Gender in refocus their gender strategies research priorities. This includes alignment and partnership Flagship 6 Research and and/or future work plans, as with the Gender Platform. In 2018, PIM allocated resources in CGIAR relevant, to ensure alignment on the topic of “feminization of agriculture” to complement workplace with priorities in the Gender in investments made by the Gender Platform. (2017) CGIAR Research Policy Evaluation of 10 CRPs should individually and Ongoing See recommendation “PIM should complete its plans to put PMU, 2017-2019 Gender in jointly invest in improving and in place a monitoring system to track the level of attention to Flagship 6 Research and institutionalizing systems for gender issues and to validate the claims that the activity in CGIAR monitoring outputs, as well as proposals and annual progress reports make in relation to workplace effectiveness and outcomes of gender” above. (2017) gender research Evaluation of 11 The Gender Platform should Ongoing The Gender Platform issued its second call for collaborative Flagship 6 2018 Gender in harness the energy of the research, on the topic of “feminization of agriculture”. Nine Research and gender network, while placing proposals were funded from across CGIAR centers. A new in CGIAR greater emphasis on collaboration with the Big Data Platform was formed and a workplace supporting common research Gender and Big Data community of practice launched. The (2017) priorities; joint assessment of Gender Platform organized a scientific conference in Addis gender research effectiveness Ababa in September (120 participants and over 60 and outcomes/impacts; presentations). fostering interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration between gender and other researchers; supporting systematized and well supported roll out of existing tools and methods 59 Table 12: Examples of W1/2 use Specific examples Broad area of use of W1-2 Collaborative achievements on foresight modeling: articles in high-impact journals, presentations in high-profile fora, Partnerships preparations for a CGIAR Foresight Report, PIM-led CGIAR community of practice on foresight modeling, International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) webtool Maintenance and improvement of computable general equilibrium modeling tools and Statistics of Public Expenditures for Research Economic Development so that they can be used for informing policy decisions Continued support to the Structural Transformation of African Agriculture and Rural Spaces program, which resulted in a Capacity development special issue of World Development on structural transformation of African agriculture Book manuscript on jobs for rural youth in Africa Research Ag-Incentives network facilitated by IFPRI with the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Inter-American Development Partnerships Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank Platform to share data and methodologies for measuring food losses in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Delivery Organization Cross-CRP engagement on value chains: workshop to improve the coordination and quality of CGIAR’s work on value Partnerships chains and initiate a CGIAR community of practice, PIM call for proposals on quality certification and market competitiveness through co-investments with other CRPs, revamped Tools for Value Chains website Enhanced dissemination of results from social protection research to policy makers Policy Launch of a partnership with FTA and WLE on landscape restoration Partnerships Activities of the Gender Platform to enhance and coordinate gender research in CGIAR: webinars, newsletters, second Other cross-cutting issues Annual Scientific Conference and Capacity Development Workshop, cross-CRP engagement on gender dynamics in (gender) seed systems and feminization of agriculture Investment in the CGIAR country collaboration process: co-funding for a stakeholder workshop in Nigeria; review of Partnerships scaling up methods in Malawi (ongoing), development of PIM country briefs (see example for Tanzania) shared with other CRPs Monitoring and evaluation studies led by the PIM Program Management Unit: assessment of IFPRI country programs’ Other Monitoring, learning, policy successes; analyses of outcomes from the use of the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) and evaluation and impact Statistics of Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED); analysis of PIM 2017 gender deliverables… assessment (MELIA) Contribution to the improvement of the Monitoring Agricultural Research for Learning and Outcomes (MARLO) Other Monitoring, learning, management information system evaluation and impact assessment (MELIA) Pre-conference workshop on rural transformation organized by PIM at the International Association of Agricultural Capacity development Economists Conference 60 Table 13: CRP financial report Planned budget 2018* Actual expenditure 2018** Difference (planned - actual) W3/ W3/ W3/ W1-2 Total W1-2 Total W1-2 Total bilateral bilateral bilateral FP1: Technological Innovation 3,707 12,334 16,041 3,490 15,596 19,086 217 -3,262 -3,045 and Sustainable Intensification FP2: Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth 2,580 18,166 20,746 2,274 22,715 24,989 306 -4,550 -4,243 and Rural Transformation FP3: Inclusive and Efficient 3,205 5,853 9,058 2,711 4,253 6,964 494 1,600 2,094 Value Chains FP4: Social Protection for 1,255 3,996 5,250 1,112 3,559 4,671 142 437 579 Agriculture and Resilience FP5: Governance of Natural 1,760 2,229 3,989 1,632 2,425 4,057 128 -195 -68 Resources FP6: Cross-cutting Gender 1,374 940 2,314 1,344 550 1,895 30 389 419 Research and Coordination Strategic Competitive Research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grant CRP management & support 2,884 0 2,884 2,034 0 2,034 810 0 810 Cost Other (residual of Financing 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plan, unallocated) Total 17,900 43,517 60,282 14,598 49,098 63,695 2,128 -5,581 -3,453 * Source: PIM Plan of Work and Budget 2018. Planned Window 3 and bilateral expenditures reflected firm or likely commitments at the time of the POWB ** Source: Participating centers’ year-end reports consolidated by PIM 61 Part C: Additional evidence to be submitted through Management Information Systems or as indicated Evidence A: Full list of policy contributions (Common Reporting Indicator I1) In MARLO Evidence B: Full list of innovations (Common Reporting Indicator C1) In MARLO Evidence C: Outcomes and milestones In MARLO 62 Evidence D: Full list of peer-reviewed journal articles (Common Reporting Indicator C4) PIM Full citation ISI Access flagships Abate, Gashaw T.; Bernard, Tanguy; de Brauw, Alan; and Minot, Nicholas. 2018. The impact of the use of ISI Open access 1 new technologies on farmers’ wheat yield in Ethiopia: Evidence from a randomized control trial. Agricultural E conomics. 49(4): 409-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12425 Abay, Kibrom A.; and Amare, Mulubrhan. 2018. Night light intensity and women’s body weight: Evidence ISI Restricted 2 from Nigeria. Economics & Human Biology 31(September 2018): 238-248. h ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.09.001 Abay, Kibrom A.; Koru, Bethlehem; Abate, Gashaw T.; and Berhane, Guush. How should rural financial ISI Open access 2 cooperatives be best organized? Evidence from Ethiopia. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics. A rticle in press. First published online on May 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12212 Amare, Mulubrhan; Arndt, Channing; Abay, Kibrom A.; and Benson, Todd. Urbanization and child nutritional ISI Open access 2 outcomes. World Bank Economic Review. Article in press. First published online on October 10, 2018. h ttps://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy015 Amare, Mulubrhan; Benson, Todd; Fadare, Olusegun; and Oyeyemi, Motunrayo. 2018. Study of the ISI Restricted 2 determinants of chronic malnutrition in northern Nigeria: Quantitative evidence from the Nigeria demographic a nd health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 39(2): 296-314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572118768568 Amare, Mulubrhan; Jensen, Nathaniel D.; Shiferawb, Bekele; and Cissé, Jennifer Denno. 2018. Rainfall ISI Open access 1 shocks and agricultural productivity: Implication for rural household consumption. Agricultural Systems 1 66(October 2018): 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.07.014 Ambler, Kate; Doss, Cheryl; Kieran, Caitlin; and Passarelli, Simone. He says, she says: Spousal ISI Restricted 6 disagreement in survey measures of bargaining power. Economic Development and Cultural Change. Article i n press. First published online on November 27, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1086/703082 63 PIM Full citation ISI Access flagships Andam, Kwaw S.; Tschirley, David; Asante, Seth; Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; and Diao, Xinshen. 2018. The ISI Restricted 2 transformation of urban food systems in Ghana: Findings from inventories of processed products. Outlook on A griculture 47(3): 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727018785918 Aragie, Emerta; Pauw, Karl; and Pernechele, Valentina. 2018. Achieving food security and industrial ISI Open access 2 development in Malawi: Are export restrictions the solution? World Development 108 (August 2018): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.03.020 Arndt, Channing; Hartley, Faaiqa; Ireland, Gregory; Mahrt, Kristi; Merven, Bruno; and Wright, Jarrad. 2018. non-ISI Open access 1 Developments in variable renewable energy and implications for developing countries. Current S ustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 5(4): 240-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40518-018-0121-9 Ashour, Maha; Gilligan, Daniel Orth; Hoel, Jessica Blumer; and Karachiwalla, Naureen Iqbal. Do beliefs ISI Open access 1 about herbicide quality correspond with actual quality in local markets? Evidence from Uganda. Journal of Development Studies. Article in press. First published online on April 27, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1464143 Asseng, Senthold; Martre, Pierre; Maiorano, Andrea; Rötter, Reimund P.; O’Leary, Garry J.; et al. 2019. ISI Open access 1 Climate change impact and adaptation for wheat protein. Global Change Biology 25(1): 155- 173. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14481 First published: 22 November 2018 Babu, Suresh Chandra; Mavrotas, George; and Prasai, Nilam. 2018. Integrating environmental ISI Open access 2 considerations in the agricultural policy process: Evidence from Nigeria. Environmental Development 25: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.01.001 Barrett, Christopher B., ed.; Christian, Paul, ed.; Shimeles, Abebe, ed. 2018. Special section: Structural ISI Open access 2 transformation of African agriculture and rural spaces. World Development 105(May 105): 283-442. h ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/world-development/vol/105/suppl/C 64 PIM Full citation ISI Access flagships Bathla, Seema; Kumar, Anjani; and Joshi, Pramod Kumar. 2018. Regional income inequalities and public non-ISI Restricted 2 investments in rural India. Agricultural Economics Research Review 32(1): 13-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0279.2018.00002.2 Bell, Andrew; Zavaleta Cheek, Jennifer; Mataya, Frazer; and Ward, Patrick S. 2018. Do as they did: Peer ISI Open access 1 effects explain adoption of conservation agriculture in Malawi. Water 10(1): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10010051 Benfica, Rui; Cunguara, Benedito; and Thurlow, James. Linking agricultural investments to growth and ISI Restricted 2 poverty: An economywide approach applied to Mozambique. Agricultural Systems. Article in press. First published online on March 7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.01.029 Benson, Todd; and Mogues, Tewodaj. 2018. Constraints in the fertilizer supply chain: Evidence for fertilizer ISI Restricted 2 policy development from three African countries. Food Security 10(6): 1479- 1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0863-7 Beraznevaa, Julia; Lee, David R.; Place, Frank; and Jakubsond, George. 2018. Allocation and valuation of ISI Restricted 1 smallholder maize residues in Western Kenya. Ecological Economics 152(October 2018): 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.05.024 Bernard, Tanguy; Hidrobo, Melissa; Le Port, Agnès; and Rawat, Rahul. Nutrition-based incentives in dairy ISI Restricted 6, 3 contract farming in Northern Senegal. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Article in press. First published online on June 27, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay036 Bouët, Antoine; and Laborde Debucquet, David. 2018. US trade wars in the twenty‐first century with ISI Restricted 3 emerging countries: Make America and its partners lose again. The World Economy 41(9): 2276-2319. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12719 65 PIM Full citation ISI Access flagships Boyd, Robert; Richerson, Peter J; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; De Moor, Tine; Jackson, Matthew O; Gjerde, ISI Open access 5 Kristina M; Harden-Davies, Harriet; Frischmann, Brett M; Madison, Michael J; Strandburg, Katherine J; McLean, Angela R; and Dye, Christopher. 2018. Tragedy revisited. Science 362(6420): 1236-1241. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw0911 Brooks, Karen. 2018. Rising absolutely, declining relatively: Agriculture, climate change, and job creation in ISI Restricted 2 Africa. Agrekon 57(3-4): 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2018.1538002 Bryan, Elizabeth; Bell, Andrew Reid; Ringler, Claudia; and Ahmed, Akhter U. 2018. Increasing crop ISI Open access 1, 2 production benefits to small producers in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 15(1): 1-21. http://searca.org/ajad/read-articles/13-view-article?aid=610 Buller, Ana Maria; Peterman, Amber; Ranganathan, Meghna; Bleile, Alexandra; Hidrobo, Melissa; Heise, ISI Open access 6, 4 Lori. 2018. A mixed-method review of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income c ountries. The World Bank Research Observer 33(2): 218-258. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lky002 Bulte, Erwin; Lihe, Xu; and Zhang, Xiaobo. 2018. Post-disaster aid and development of the manufacturing ISI Restricted 4 sector: Lessons from a natural experiment in China. European Economic Review 101(2018): 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.10.019 Bulte, Erwin; Wang, Ruixin; and Zhang, Xiaobo. 2018. Forced gifts: The burden of being a friend. Journal of ISI Restricted 2 E conomic Behavior & Organization 155(November 2018): 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.08.011 Chan, Chin Yee; Tran, Nhuong; Pethiyagoda, Shanali; Crissman, Charles C.; Sulser, Timothy B.; and ISI Open access 1 Phillips, Michael J. 2019. Prospects and challenges of fish for food security in Africa. Global Food Security 20(March 2019): 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.12.002 Available online 19 December 2018. Chen, Joyce; Kosec, Katrina; and Mueller, Valerie. 2019. Moving to despair? Migration and well-being in ISI Open access 2 Pakistan. World Development 113(January 2019): 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.09.007. Available online 17 September 2018 66 PIM Full citation ISI Access flagships de Brauw, Alan; and Giles, John. 2018. Migrant labor markets and the welfare of rural households in the ISI Open access 2 developing world: Evidence from China. World Bank Economic Review 32(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhx023 Debnath, Deepayan; Babu, Suresh Chandra; Ghosh, Parijat; Helmer, Michael. The impact of India’s food ISI Restricted 2 security policy on domestic and international rice market. Journal of Policy Modeling 40(2): 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.08.006 Deininger, Klaus; Jin, Songqing; Liu, Yanyan; Singh, Sudhir K. 2018. Can labor market imperfections explain ISI Restricted 2 changes in the inverse farm size-productivity relationship? Longitudinal evidence from rural India. Land Economics 94(2): 239-258. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.94.2.239 Devaux, Andre; Maximo Torero; Jason Donovan; Douglas Horton (2018). Agricultural innovation and non-ISI Open access 3 inclusive value-chain development: a review. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, Vol. 8 Issue: 1, pp.99-123, https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-06-2017-0065 Diao, Xinshen; Kweka, Josaphat; and McMillan, Margaret S. 2018. Small firms, structural change and labor ISI Restricted 2 productivity growth in Africa: Evidence from Tanzania. World Development 105(May 2018): 400-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.016 Diao, Xinshen; Magalhaes, Eduardo; and McMillan, Margaret S. 2018. Understanding the role of rural non- ISI Restricted 2 farm enterprises in Africa’s economic transformation: Evidence from Tanzania. Journal of Development Studies 54(5): 833-855. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1430766 Diao, Xinshen; McMillan, Margaret S.; and Wangwe, Samuel. 2018. Agricultural labour productivity and ISI Restricted 2 industrialisation: Lessons for Africa. Journal of African Economies 27(1): 28-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejx034 Dirro, Gracious M.; Seymour, Greg; Kassie, Menale; Muricho, Geoffrey; and Muriithi, Beatrice Wambui. ISi Open access 6 2018. Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya. 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ISI Restricted 2 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 115(37): 9193- 9 197. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809474115 85 Evidence E: Altmetric (Common Reporting Indicator I2) See Section 1.2.4 (file with raw Almetric data shared with CGIAR System Management Office) Evidence F: Full list of current external partners In MARLO 86 Evidence G: Participants in capacity development activities (Common Reporting Indicator C3) Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Seed certification procedures in Afghanistan Afghanistan 11/12-11/14 Short 0 25 25 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey third round: Bangladesh 9/5-10/18 Short 75 75 150 survey enumerator and supervisor training Concepts and tools for policy analysis Bangladesh 2/26 Short 1 24 25 Endline enumerator training, AVC Bangladesh 3/5-3/16 Short 25 25 50 Food policy analysis (for mid-level government officials of Bangladesh 2/15-3/3 Short 1 14 15 Ministry of Food, Directorate General of Food, and Directorate General of Food Planning and Monitoring Unit) STATA training for Governance Innovation Unit of Bangladesh 3/4-3/15 Short 2 5 7 Bangladesh Prime Minister's Office Survey enumerator training for "Forcibly Displaced Bangladesh 10/11-10/15 Short 0 30 30 Myanmar Nationals" project Survey enumerator training for "Forcibly Displaced Bangladesh 4/6-4/9 Short 0 30 30 Myanmar Nationals" and "Economic Activities in and around the Rohingya Settlement Camps" projects Survey enumerator training for “Assessing the Bangladesh 3/4-4/7 Short 65 75 140 Sustainability of Impacts of Safety Net Transfer Modalities in Bangladesh: Four-Year Follow-Up" project Training on strategic agricultural visioning for Bhutan Bhutan 11/5-11/9 Short 6 22 28 Principles of food/feed risk assessment Cambodia 2/27-3/1 Short 19 26 45 PIM pre-conference workshop on rural transformation at Canada 7/28 Short 33 87 120 the International Conference of Agricultural Economists Capacity strengthening of researchers at the Agricultural China 5/1-12/31 Short 10 6 16 Information Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences: lectures on impact evaluation and research methodologies, one-on-one mentoring (as guest professor) Advancing the Food system for Growth, Job Creation, and Egypt 12/20 Short 14 16 30 Better Nutrition in Egypt 87 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Capacity building of ad hoc technical advisory committee Ethiopia 3/22, 6/1 Short 1 12 13 Sex-disaggregation was and biosafety staff unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) Computable general equilibrium modelling Ethiopia 4/16-4/27 Short 15 25 40 Concepts and objectives of GM crops quality Ethiopia 8/22-8/23 Short 6 31 37 Sex-disaggregation was management unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) CSPRo Ethiopia 5/14-5/18; Short 13 21 34 7/25-7/27 Enumerator training on SurveyCTO to collect household Ethiopia 1/25-2/1 Short 5 45 50 Sex-disaggregation was and GPS data unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) GIS Ethiopia 7/25-7/27 Short 13 22 35 Partners and Stakeholders’ Coordination Meeting on Ethiopia 5/3-5/4 Short 24 41 65 Biosafety Capacity Development in Africa Policy dialogue workshop to enhance coordination of the Ethiopia 2/2-2/3 Short 12 41 53 Sex-disaggregation was biosafety regulatory system in Ethiopia unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) Productivity and efficiency analysis focusing on livestock Ethiopia 7/26-7/27 Short 13 22 35 REEAP planning meeting Ethiopia 8/21-8/24 Short 1 2 3 Scientific quantitative methods and techniques of Ethiopia 10/31 Short 10 30 40 Sex-disaggregation was agricultural policy impact evaluations for staff of Ethiopian unknown, applied average % Institute for Agricultural Research across other rows (38% women) STATA Ethiopia 10/29-10/30; Short 9 14 23 11/19-11/22 Stated choice methods Ethiopia 12/1 Short 3 22 25 Training for implementing partners on the quantitative Ethiopia 10/19 Short 1 15 16 impact evaluation design of "Strengthening PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience" (SPIR) project Training on "livelihoods transfer component of PSNP4" for Ethiopia 8/15 Short 15 25 40 regional and woreda (district) food security and livelihoods experts Unpacking the Complexity of Improved Nutrition, Ghana 7/3 Short 21 17 38 stakeholder workshop 88 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Africa RISING data requirements, collection, and Ghana 10/29 Short 4 20 24 management Aquaculture policy, stakeholder mapping Ghana 8/9-8/10 Short 11 23 34 Conservation Agriculture Evaluation (CAgE) lab-in-the- Ghana 12/6-12/11 Short 2 6 8 field pilot training Measure of losses across value chains Ghana 12/10-12/14 Short 0 5 5 Natural resource management validation and Ghana 4/25-4/26 Short 11 12 23 dissemination workshop (with ISSER and AGRA) Refresher training for the Project Mapping and Monitoring Ghana 10/29 Short 4 20 24 Tool SMEs for nutrition, stakeholder mapping Ghana 8/15 Short 5 8 13 Training of enumerators for a survey with informal food Ghana 5/25-6/1 Short 12 10 22 traders in Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale WEAI Learning Lab on integrating gender into agriculture, Ghana 6/25-6/26 Short 18 9 27 nutrition, and health research Agrobiodiversity and farmers' rights Guatemala Nov Short 24 56 80 Enumerator training for second pilot program using mobile Guatemala 11/28-11/29 Short 35 5 40 phones, Food security project in Guatemala Postharvest management and quality seed production of Guatemala Sept-Dec Short 33 64 97 threatened maize/bean varieties subject to payments for agrobiodiversity conservation services Gender-sensitive LINK methodology Honduras Apr-Dec Short 10 9 19 Impact evaluation workshop for Technoserve and Honduras 3/6 Short 1 5 6 stakeholders, focused on experimental and quasi- experimental impact evaluation methods with agricultural applications Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index Honduras 9/24-9/29 Short 5 5 10 How to measure quality characteristics of beans Honduras 2/13-2/22 Short 10 12 22 and Guatemala Applying causal techniques in agricultural economics India Short 30 50 80 research 89 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Developing rules for water management India 10/29-11/2 Short 3 12 15 Farmers' Fields As Our Labs India 11/17 Short 25 75 100 Field inspection and seed sampling methodology for major India 12/10-12/15 Short 0 7 7 cereal, pulses and vegetables Harnessing models and big data to enable climate India 5/7-5/11 Short 3 9 12 resilient agriculture in India Training of developing country researchers from BISA and India Throughout Short 3 11 14 CABi, including participation of their staff in CGIAR the year convention for Big Data in Agriculture Electronic data collection, questionnaire design, sampling, Indonesia 10/31-11/2 Short 8 8 16 analysis, etc. Establishing an analytical research agenda based on Indonesia 7/9-7/10 Short 5 9 14 ASTI data in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Justice Gender and Forest Tenure Indonesia 3/12-3/14 Short 30 10 40 Legal literacy for tenure reform implementers Indonesia 7/5-7/7 Short 10 17 27 Course on economic modelling (partial equilibrium and Italy 7/18 Short 9 9 18 general equilibrium) (as guest professor) African women for bioscience, workshop Kenya 1/25-1/26 Short 53 0 53 Animal biotechnology, workshop Kenya 2/18-3/1 Short 12 17 29 Biosafety communication workshop Kenya 4/12 Short 9 24 33 Principles of qualitative data collection, coding and Kenya 2/11-2/15 Short 8 10 18 analysis Proposal elaboration workshop to raise awareness of Kenya 7/23-7/24 Short 5 17 22 constraints in agricultural risk management and opportunities for improving risk management by interlinking the private seed sector with insurance- advisory services Rivatex study tour for farmers, ginners, spinners and Bt Kenya 3/16 Short 9 21 30 cotton taskforce members 90 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Sensitization meeting for NVRC, NPTC and Bt cotton Kenya 3/7 Short 8 14 22 taskforce Training of field assistants and enumerators for a study on Kenya 7/23-7/27 Short 5 12 17 Increasing access to input markets and services via check-off systems in Kenya Training on biosafety for youth Kenya 4/10 Short 21 31 52 Training for staff of Yemen’s Ministry of Planning and Lebanon 3/5-3/9 Short 1 8 9 International Cooperation on use and management of the MAP Yemen online tool for food and nutrition security Bunda Grant Scheme and current researchable topics in Malawi 11/20 Short 3 7 10 agriculture and development economics (for MSc and PhD candidates) Enumerator training for the household survey on pluralistic Malawi 6/18-6/22 Short 13 12 25 extension systems in Malawi Presentation of Bt cotton Variety Registration trials results Malawi 10/27 Short 7 40 47 to stakeholders Workshop on the Monitoring and Evaluation of Land Malawi 10/3 Short 8 8 16 Governance in Africa (MELA) framework, to build the capacity of the Land Ministry, other government ministries, national statistical organization, universities, and civil society to collect SDG indicators and conduct M&E on land governance Training enumerators Baseline survey Jigisémèjiri Mali 8/8-8/21 Short 30 26 56 Training of World Vision International staff, university staff Mali 11/22-11/29 Short 17 23 40 collaborators, survey supervisors and survey enumerators for conducting endline survey for World Vision Resilience Project Graduate level training on agricultural trade policy for Morocco 5/2-5/4 Short 2 4 6 developing countries for staff of OCP group Agricultural policy analysis, workshop Myanmar 3/26-3/30 Short 25 13 38 STATA and writing research briefs Myanmar 9/10-9/22 Short 8 7 15 91 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term What rights for forest communities under the newly Nepal 5/14-15, 6/1- Short 15 25 40 adopted federal structure of Nepal? Using participatory 6/3 prospective analysis as foresight method for co- elaborating future scenarios and developing strategies Policy labs on effects of regulations on investment in Nepal 9/3, 12/13- Short 4 6 10 community forestry enterprises 12/14 Policy communication training for journalists Niger 11/13-11/14 Short 18 23 41 Policy communications Niger 8/27-8/28; Short 13 24 37 8/29-8/30 Agriculture for nutrition and health, learning lab/training Nigeria 6/25 Short 15 34 49 workshop (with A4NH) Community-level Adaptation Study, Ebonyi State Nigeria 7/15 Short 6 29 35 Computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI) Nigeria 3/23-3/24 Short 3 2 5 Computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI) Nigeria 3/28 Short 1 4 5 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 1/23-1/25 Short 12 36 48 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 2/5-2/7 Short 7 19 26 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 2/12-2/14 Short 22 28 50 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 5/2-5/4 Short 7 10 17 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 5/7-5/8 Short 2 19 21 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 6/20-6/22 Short 4 15 19 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 6/12-6/15 Short 7 22 29 Econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 7/23-7/27 Short 12 26 38 Extension policy reforms, workshop Nigeria 2/20-2/21 Short 8 21 29 Extension policy reforms, workshop, follow-up Nigeria 5/14-5/15 Short 5 27 32 Group dynamics training for agro-dealers Nigeria 12/10-12/11 Short 8 17 25 Groups dynamics training for farmers Nigeria 9/24-9/25; Short 17 43 60 11/1-11/2 Monitoring and evaluation Nigeria 3/19-3/20 Short 11 17 28 Monitoring and evaluation Nigeria 4/3-4/5 Short 5 16 21 Monitoring and evaluation Nigeria 4/25-4/26 Short 10 14 24 Monitoring and evaluation Nigeria 6/4-6/6 Short 1 25 26 Monitoring and evaluation training for ARCN Nigeria 11/7-11/8 Short 3 4 7 92 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Monitoring and evaluation training for Kaduna State Nigeria 12/17-12/19 Short 3 21 24 Ministry of Agriculture Planning, Design and Implementation of Extension Policy Nigeria 2/20-2/21 Short 8 21 29 Reforms Policy communication training for Kebbi State journalists Nigeria 10/29-10/30; Short 20 23 43 10/31-11/1 Policy communication training for Senate media Nigeria 10/23-10/23 Short 1 11 12 Policy communications Nigeria 1/26, 1/29 Short 7 19 26 Policy communications Nigeria 2/22-2/23 Short 8 20 28 Policy communications Nigeria 3/1-3/2 Short 11 13 24 Policy Communications Nigeria 3/14-3/15 Short 12 17 29 Policy communications Nigeria 4/4-4/5 Short 4 19 23 Policy communications Nigeria 4/24-4/25 Short 8 14 22 Policy communications Nigeria 5/17-5/18 Short 2 18 20 Policy communications Nigeria 7/17-7/18 Short 3 16 19 Policy communications Nigeria 7/23-7/24 Short 8 7 15 Policy communications Masterclass for journalists from Nigeria 6/11-6/12 Short 11 19 30 Abuja and five Nigerian states Policy communications, follow-up Nigeria 7/30-7/31 Short 6 9 15 R Statistical Package Nigeria 7/9-7/20 Short 9 10 19 Stakeholders' workshop towards the development of an Nigeria 5/14-5/15 Short 5 27 32 extension policy for Nigeria in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Training meeting of the Meso Fish work in Kebbi and Nigeria 8/13 Short 2 11 13 Niger Training of enumerators for a survey with informal food Nigeria 5/14-5/16 Short 8 11 19 traders Training on agricultural policy issues in Nigeria (APP, Nigeria 12/11-12/12 Short 12 9 21 ATA, CAADP) for FMARD Training on computer-assisted personal interview tool for Nigeria 4/10-4/12 Short 10 31 41 studies on land tenure, land access and youth livelihood strategies Training on CSPro for Ahmadu Bello University Nigeria 11/13-11/15 Short 4 21 25 93 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Training on econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 11/5-11/9 Short 6 24 30 for Benue State University Training on econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 10/22-10/26 Short 6 18 24 for Delta State University Training on econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 11/26-11/28 Short 3 18 21 for FMARD Training on econometrics for policy analysis using STATA Nigeria 10/22-10/26 Short 3 28 31 for Kaduna State University Training on issues in agriculture and development for Nigeria 11/29-11/30 Short 6 14 20 ARCN Training on sampling for a representative sample, Nigeria 12/10-12/17 Short 10 80 90 probability sampling and non-probability sampling, ACCESS and STATA Training on survey design and implementation for FMARD Nigeria 12/5-12/6 Short 9 15 24 Using soil pits to determine soil structure in Benue State Nigeria 6/15 Short 0 6 6 Using mental models to understand community-level Nigeria 4/30 Short 5 3 8 climate change adaptation strategies in Nigeria Value chain concepts and analysis Nigeria 3/4-3/5 Short 24 51 75 Value chains for nutrition, AHN2018 side- Nigeria 6/28 Short 8 11 19 event/stakeholder workshop (with FAO) Economywide modelling and macroeconomic adjustment Online 4/1-6/30 Short 4 20 24 MOOC - Land Matters! Integrating Soil Degradation Online 8/27-10/15 Short 470 1,207 1,677 Concerns and Solutions into Policy Processes PIM webinar "Agricultural mechanization in Africa: Online 10/4 Short 6 20 26 Lessons learned from South-South knowledge exchange" PIM webinar "Aspirations, trust, and poverty reduction" Online 12/19 Short 16 12 28 PIM webinar "Cash transfer programs and intimate partner Online 3/28 Short 48 4 52 violence – Lessons from 3 case studies around the globe" PIM webinar "Community forest concessions in Petén, Online 12/12 Short 8 6 14 Guatemala: Effective governance for tropical forest conservation and socio-economic development" 94 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term PIM webinar "Do medium and large-scale farms generate Online 11/6 Short 8 13 21 income spillovers for rural households? The case of Tanzania" PIM webinar "Helping smallholder farmers manage risks: Online 9/19 Short 16 24 40 Innovations to improve agricultural insurance" PIM webinar "Measuring food losses: a new methodology" Online 5/8 Short 33 28 61 PIM webinar "Measuring policy distortions along Online 10/17 Short 12 11 23 agricultural value chains: Lessons from Africa and Asia" PIM webinar "Women in agriculture: Four myths" Online 4/11 Short 96 33 129 Ten Gender Platform's webinars Online Throughout Short 331 66 397 the year Government inspectors' training refresh for the project Pakistan 2/1, 3/4 Short 10 25 35 "Improving Accountability in KP's Schools" Enumerator training Papua New 4/9-4/20 Short 14 14 28 Guinea Key factors affecting security and insecurity in the context Peru 6/15 Short 19 15 34 of collective tenure Strategies for addressing conflict in collective Peru 6/15 Short 19 15 34 formalization processes Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Peru 6/15 Short 19 15 34 Tenure International Experiences on the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Philippines 4/16 Short 6 4 10 Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress, workshop Workshop on the Monitoring and Evaluation of Land Rwanda 7/24 Short 15 17 32 Governance in Africa (MELA) framework, to build the capacity of the Land Ministry, other government ministries, national statistical organization, universities, and civil society to collect SDG indicators and conduct M&E on land governance 95 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Agricultural technology adoption and impact analysis (for Senegal 11/5 Short 3 13 16 African researchers and policy makers) AGRODEP training on trade analysis methodologies Senegal 11/13-11/14 Short 1 9 10 Integrating Structure-Conduct-Performance Framework Senegal 5/31-6/1 Short 1 3 4 into fertilizer value chain analysis in Senegal PAPA project: supporting a local team of experts to Senegal Fall Short 1 3 4 produce an up-to-date diagnostic of contract farming in the country GFRAS: Roll out of the New Extension Learning Kit for South 12/3-12/8 Short 5 6 11 Strengthened Agricultural Extension and Advisory Africa Services in Africa: Master Trainers and Trainer of Trainers Approach Training course on introductory applied econometrics Tajikistan 3/12-3/16 Short 5 10 15 using STATA Training Tanzanian Ministry of Agriculture and irrigation Tanzania 6/20-6/28 Short 6 8 14 department staff to implement the Stakeholder-Task Alignment Matrix for Public-Private-Producer Partnerships in Irrigation (STAMP4 Irrigation) Workshop to introduce the Monitoring and Evaluation of Tanzania 10/2-10/3 Short 7 6 13 Land in Africa (MELA) framework developed by IFPRI for the AU/AfDB/UNECA Land Policy Center Improving Approaches to Humanitarian Assistance to Thailand 11/29 Short 18 12 30 Reduce Malnutrition in Fragile Settings (at the conference “Accelerating the End of Hunger and Malnutrition”) Good governance and sustainable rangeland Tunisia 6/21 Short 6 33 39 management Enumerator training follow-up (secondary school study) Uganda 10/22-10/27 Short 18 14 32 Enumerator training for dairy value chain study Uganda 9/16-9/28; Short 15 23 38 10/30-11/1 96 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Enumerator training for endline collection of the Uganda 2/27-3/1 Short 13 17 30 DLEC/Digital Green study on the role of gender in ICT- mediated agricultural information campaigns Principles of quantitative data collection Uganda 5/21-5/25 Short 4 4 8 Presentation of IMPACT simulation framework to United 11/1-11/6 Short 2 5 7 collaborators from University of Oxford, The Nature Kingdom Conservancy, and Thünen Agricultural Research Institute within the frame of the LEAP project Structural Transformation of African Agriculture and Rural USA Throughout Long 3 1 4 Spaces (STAARS) the year Georgetown PhDs USA 1/1-5/30 Long 2 1 3 Making a Miracle: Diversification and Growth Policies USA 12/18 Short 15 17 32 Sex-disaggregation was (International Monetary Fund Staff Training) unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) Briefing on gender for European Members of Parliament USA 2/27 Short 20 5 25 Sex-disaggregation was for CSW62 unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) Distortions in the global cotton market USA 6/7 Short 6 13 19 Sex-disaggregation was unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) IFPRI-PIM policy seminar "Agricultural and food systems USA 11/13 Short 84 136 220 transformation for better food security and nutrition in Eurasia" IFPRI-PIM policy seminar "Managing natural resources for USA 2/28 Short 59 97 156 sustainable production systems: A research agenda at the crossroads" IFPRI-PIM policy seminar "The future of the commons" USA 10/4 Short 66 108 174 IMPACT-SIMM code USA 12/18-12/19 Short 0 1 1 Introduction to gender in international development USA 11/8 Short 34 11 45 (American University) Kaleidoscope Model for Food Security Policy Change USA 12/18 Short 15 15 30 R Training for Scholars USA Jan-Mar Short 2 1 3 Towards a new trade agenda after Buenos Aires USA 2/12 Short 5 7 12 97 Short Number Training Training or Number Total Training title of Comment location dates long of men number women term Training and orientation for the IMPACT model for USDA- USA 8/26-8/28 Short 0 1 1 NIFA project collaborator Training economists from Ghana and Tanzania on USA 2/1-2/16 Short 0 2 2 DREAMpy Use of DREAMpy for ex ante evaluation of GM crops USA 10/22-10/26 Short 1 3 4 2018 Summer School for Young Economists training Uzbekistan 6/4-6/15 Short 10 12 22 course on applied econometrics Assessment of land use carbon stock across Na Nhan Vietnam 7/15-7/22 Short 2 6 8 landscape, northwest Vietnam Impact evaluation training with Vietnamese research Vietnam 9/18 Short 6 6 12 partners, IPSARD Integrating green growth into commune landscape-level Vietnam 12/14 Short 13 16 29 Sex-disaggregation was land use planning, northwest Vietnam unknown, applied average % across other rows (38% women) Seminar on the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Vietnam 3/22 Short 19 19 38 Index at the CIAT-Asia Regional Office Food and nutrition security analysis Y emen 3 /1 S hort 11 19 30 TOTAL SHORT TERM 3,049 4,976 8,025 TOTAL LONG TERM 5 2 7 98 Annex: Progress by flagships Flagship 1 “Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification” Flagship 1 “Technological Innovation and Sustainable Intensification” identifies opportunities, challenges, and tradeoffs in policy and investment options for achieving food security through sustainable agricultural intensification under alternative scenarios at the global, national, and local levels. Several foresight modeling exercises contributed to expanding the depth, breadth, and urgency of the global discourse on future food systems and sustainability, as evidenced by the attention received by the team’s presentations in high-profile forums (Independent Science and Partnership Council workshop on the state of foresight in CGIAR; Livestock, Environment and People conference in Oxford) and PIM’s papers in high-impact journals such as Nature, Nature Climate Change, PLoS One, and The Lancet Planetary Health. A modeling study involving Bioversity International and IFPRI showed that, while the world is likely to produce more than enough carbohydrates to feed people in most countries up to 2050, many areas will face serious shortfalls in critical micronutrients like iron, calcium, and vitamin A – highlighting the need to focus on producing more nutritious foods, not simply calories. A special issue on foresight for agriculture in Global Food Security, coordinated by PIM with contributions from all CGIAR centers, contains a first paper from IFPRI and WorldFish on “Prospects and challenges of fish for food security in Africa” published in 2018, with other papers on crops and livestock forthcoming in 2019. A brief comparing alternative approaches to quantify the cost and benefits of ending hunger was issued. The demand for PIM’s foresight analysis from governments and development agencies is steadily growing, and in 2018 the team continued to respond to requests for specific analyses in support of decision making. Examples include: modeling the impacts of faster productivity growth for the Multi-Donor Initiative on Crops to End Hunger ; an analysis of trends and prospects for agriculture in Africa for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; a contribution on climate and jobs for the rural youth for the IFAD 2019 Rural Development Report; and an ex ante evaluation of the impacts of changes in rice import policies for the Government of the Philippines. In recognition of this demand, the team began preparing contributions for a CGIAR foresight report (to be published in 2020) that will draw on the expertise of the PIM-led CGIAR community of practice on foresight modeling to provide shared evidence to inform decision making by CGIAR and its partners. New evidence was generated on solutions to strengthen seed markets and advisory services in support of smallholder farmers and farmer organizations. PIM researchers from Bioversity International, CIP, IFPRI, and IITA worked with policy makers, regulators, private companies, and other stakeholders to disseminate findings to encourage growth in the overlooked seed markets for vegetatively propagated and indigenous crops in Nepal, Nigeria, Uganda, and Vietnam. The impacts of novel experiments in extension in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Uganda were assessed by ICRAF and IFPRI in partnership with the Developing Local Extension Capacity (DLEC) project and the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). 2018 saw a particular focus on analysis of the use of information and communication technologies in extension in Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Uganda, with an emphasis on gender dimensions. A study of the farmer business school approach in Malawi found a small impact on crop production and income, mainly due to the limited financial resources that smallholder farmers have to implement the lessons learned. A 2018 PIM-supported book edited by the Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services synthesizes lessons learned on extension in 2014- 2017. PIM continued to support projects that bring CGIAR-improved technologies and practices closer to local stakeholders and partners. Under the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia, IFPRI and CIMMYT helped redesign India’s Soil Health Card Scheme to improve farmers’ 99 understanding of the recommendations contained in the cards. Under Africa RISING, IFPRI, IITA, and ILRI developed and tested agricultural innovations that could reduce poverty levels for millions of households while protecting the environment. In addition, PIM and the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment convened a workshop on shaping CGIAR’s research agenda on the development, dissemination and ex post assessment of natural resource management practices. Evidence produced by the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative fueled policy debate within national agricultural research organizations in Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, and Tanzania. IFPRI’s Program for Biosafety Systems continued to yield outcomes related to national biosafety regulations; for instance, the program helped develop a certificate program for biosafety inspectors to develop the capacity of Malawi's National Biosafety Regulatory Committee to assess the safety of genetically engineered crops. The Biotechnology and Biosafety Rapid Assessment and Policy Platform continued to generate ex ante economic assessments for products in the R&D pipeline to quantify the benefits of important local genetically-engineered crops produced through technology in several African countries including Ghana. A collaboration with the Genebanks Platform was launched to increase attention to the analysis of policies on genetic resources. Flagship 2 “Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation” PIM’s work on economywide factors affecting agricultural growth and rural transformation provided support to several donor initiatives in PIM’s focus countries. Flagship 2 hosts several of IFPRI’s Country Strategy Support Programs, which undertake demand-driven research in partnership with other flagships and facilitate communications with governments and other stakeholders. Research conducted by the IFPRI Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (ESSP) on cereal markets and value chains for teff, wheat and maize was used to inform the World Bank’s Ethiopia Economic Update and Cereal Market Performance assessment, and ESSP research and economywide modeling results assessing the future of agriculture and priority value chains informed USAID’s Global Food Security Strategy Ethiopia Country Plan. The Government of Flanders used PIM research on advisory services to farmers for putting together their country strategy document for Malawi; agricultural services are one of four priority areas highlighted in this document, and will benefit from an investment from the Government of Flanders in 2019-2023. The IFPRI Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program team assisted USAID in the formulation of the Global Food Security Strategy Bangladesh Country Plan. PIM provided support to USAID in selecting indicators to monitor country progress towards a point where they can transition out of Global Food Security Strategy target country status, and developed a tool aggregating indicator data into three composite dimensions (level of need, commitment to food security, and country capacity) as well as a scorecard approach to visually represent country progress. The flagship’s findings influenced several government policies in 2018. PIM's computable general equilibrium modeling tools were used in the development of the National Agriculture Investment Plans for Malawi and Rwanda. PIM contributed to two key policies in Pakistan: the National Food Security Policy and the Punjab Agricultural Policy. Research using IFPRI’s Statistics of Public Expenditures for Economic Development informed China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy through a partnership with the Asian Development Bank; in line with the researchers’ recommendations, the government has continued to increase investment to promote agricultural and rural development, increased investments in rural education, R&D and infrastructure, and kept input subsidies flat. The flagship team continued to produce decision support tools. The Arab Agricultural Investment for Development Analyzer is an innovative agricultural and rural economic planning tool designed to help governments assess whether levels of investment in the agricultural and rural sectors are sufficient for achieving desired objectives. Another tool 100 adapts the Lewis dual-sector model to include the nontradable informal sector (micro, small and medium enterprises considered as part of the informal economy). Results from this approach provide a partial explanation for recent patterns of growth in Rwanda and elsewhere in Africa where the informal sector has expanded more rapidly than the tradable sector. Finally, researchers developed a spatial variable for examining the relationship between plant breeding locations, adoption of improved technology and productivity using a measure of agroclimatic similarity. This was applied in Nepal to generate the first direct evidence that tractor adoption among smallholders is partly driven by the introduction of high-yield varieties, an important contribution to the literature on mechanization. Several IFPRI studies examined the effectiveness of public services to rural households. A review of the literature found that mechanisms such as participatory budgeting can help channel resources based on the preferences of the poor, but mainly do so if citizens have political space and if governments have incentives to allocate resources in a pro‐poor fashion. Another review found that access to information alone does not lead to better service provision: the relevance of the information and the capacity of individuals to act on it are key factors. A study in Ghana examined how the 2009 devolution of governance affected district- level budget allocations, and found that between 2012 and 2016 there was a reduction in agricultural expenditures both in absolute terms and as a proportion of agricultural households, as local leaders prioritized investments in sectors with more visible outcomes. IFPRI/PIM authors contributed a section on the drivers of agricultural transformation in Ethiopia for the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa’s “Africa Agriculture Status 2018 Report”. A special issue on structural transformation published in 2018 in the Journal of Development Studies includes several papers from PIM partners CIMMYT, IFPRI, and Michigan State University. These papers demonstrate that rapid economic and agri-food system transformation is taking place in many countries, but that future transformation will increasingly depend on increasing agricultural productivity. The 2018 book "The economics of teff: Exploring Ethiopia’s biggest cash crop" examines the key role in Ethiopia’s growing economy of what is often called the “orphan crop”. Continued support to young African scholars through the Structural Transformation of African Agriculture and Rural Spaces program in collaboration with Cornell University resulted in a special issue in World Development. The flagship teams conducted 92 short-term trainings for 2,935 individuals. Flagship 3 “Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains” The IFPRI/PIM team working on trade issues partnered with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa to assess the potential impacts on current ECOWAS members of North African countries joining ECOWAS. The results of the study have led Heads of State to conduct a more thorough evaluation before proceeding with agreements. PIM researchers are also investigating the implications of the projected growth slowdown in developed countries on rural poverty, and found a large slowdown in poverty reduction, with the greatest effects seen in the poorest countries; overall 38 million fewer people will leave extreme poverty compared to earlier projections. The Ag-Incentives network facilitated by IFPRI with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Inter-American Development Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the World Bank continued to update global data on price distortions and develop new indicators of distortions, including a gender-focused version of the nominal rate of protection (NRP). Distortions in key value chains across four countries (small ruminants value chains in Ethiopia, maize and groundnut value chains in Tanzania, palm oil and cacao value chains in Nigeria, and oilseed and sugar-molasses-ethanol value chains in India) were analyzed, and the results presented at a PIM webinar. Findings from the use of the NRP 101 methodology in India show that both sugarcane producers and sugar manufacturers are protected, and that sugar manufacturers are protected at higher rates. Work on postharvest losses progressed from measurement of losses to testing solutions to reduce them (collaboration among CIMMYT, CIP, IFPRI, MSU, and WUR). The rigorous methodology developed for measurement in 2017 had showed that postharvest losses for staple foods are not as high as previously claimed. A 2017 paper on measurement of food losses in Malawi based on this method won the 2018 Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics best paper award. The flagship team continued the collaboration with FAO on the platform to share data and methodology for measuring food losses and encourage G20 involvement to promote consistent food loss and waste measurement. Several studies are ongoing to test value chain innovations to reduce losses at pre- and postharvest stages, including a PIM/MAIZE study to evaluate the impact of hermetic storage bags on market participation of smallholder farmers. The flagship team continued to build a large body of evidence on linking smallholders to markets. Studies on the effectiveness of contract farming in generating higher incomes for smallholders found lower profits among maize contract farmers in upper west Ghana due to high input costs, higher profits for tomato farmers in Nepal, and reduced participation in maize contract farming schemes when government maize programs are established in the same locations in northern Ghana. A Brazilian intervention – providing farmers with a large cash payment along with management advice and assistance to link to value chains – was adapted to Senegal and Malawi; in both countries, productivity and local wages for agricultural labor increased. Researchers from CIMMYT, ICRAF, and IRRI, in a collaboration supported by MAIZE and PIM, begun work towards a book on value chain development and the poor. A review by Bioversity International, CIMMYT, and ICRAF of seven guides for gender- equitable value chain development found that gaps remain in their coverage of gender-based constraints in collective enterprises, of the influence of norms on gender relations, and of the processes that can help transform inequitable relations through value chain development. The PIM-supported gender-sensitive LINK methodology developed by CIAT is now being used by the NGO Swisscontact to strengthen rural businesses in Honduras, with particular focus toward inclusion of women and youth. The Direct Seed Marketing program is a novel approach to the distribution of high-quality seed in Ethiopia, in which commercial firms multiply and distribute improved varieties directly to farmers – in contrast to the conventional seed marketing system managed by the government. Based in part on the results of an assessment of a pilot conducted by an IFPRI/PIM team, the program was scaled up to reach 1.4 million farmers in 2018. IFPRI’s work on insurance demonstrated that images from inexpensive smartphones can generate reliable estimates of crop loss, thus enabling development of insurance products more attractive to farmers. The team won the Scaling-up Award for the project “Seeing is believing: using smartphone camera data” at the CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture Convention. This project, which also won the 2017 CGIAR Inspire Challenge, is a collaboration with CCAFS. PIM held a cross-CRP meeting where progress was made towards creating a CGIAR value chain community of practice. Based on these discussions, a PIM call for proposals focused on quality certification and market competitiveness was launched. Five projects involving six CGIAR centers, five other CRPs, and many external partners including Wageningen University and Research, were selected. The Tools for Value Chains website was revamped. 102 Flagship 4 “Social Protection for Agriculture and Resilience” The social protection team conducted research in ten countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Mali, Pakistan, Peru, Uganda, Yemen). Strong engagement with government partners generated policy impact in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Mali. Responding to increasing demand from donors and the development community, a new area of work focusing on improving resilience for the poor in fragile and low-income settings was included in the program and generated policy-relevant insights on humanitarian aid responses in Mali and on the national cash transfer program in Yemen. Several of the studies are conducted in collaboration with Flagship 2, which hosts the IFPRI Country Strategy Support Programs. The research to analyze the linkages between cash transfers and intimate partner violence is a partnership with Flagship 6, where that work is reported. In Bangladesh, building upon a longstanding relationship between IFPRI and the Government, the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs adopted PIM recommendations to improve the selection criteria for the beneficiaries of two safety net programs: the Vulnerable Group Development Program (largest safety net program for ultra-poor women in rural Bangladesh) and the newly established Improved Maternity and Lactating Mothers Allowance Program (which is expected to benefit 700,000 poor rural and 250,000 poor urban women in 2018- 2019). An evaluation of the Transfer Modality Research Initiative led to a 2018 paper studying the impact of a nutrition-sensitive social protection intervention on the use of nutritional supplements among children in rural Bangladesh; the paper showed that cash or food transfers accompanied by intensive “behavior change communication” about nutrition (including weekly group sessions, counseling, and home visits) led households to voluntarily take up micronutrient supplements, with positive implications on reducing micronutrient deficiencies at scale. A policy brief, a book chapter, and three discussion papers came out in 2018 from the PIM impact evaluation of Egypt’s national social protection “Takaful and Karama” program. The findings of the impact evaluation were presented at two major events hosted by the Ministry of Social Solidarity in October and November, and the Government of Egypt committed to continuing the program and adopting the recommendations of the evaluation. In Ethiopia, PIM researchers continued work on four studies related to the impact and effectiveness of the Productive Safety Net Program 4 (PSNP4) and complementary interventions. These include the overall evaluation of PSNP4, a complementary study on the seasonality of impacts of PSNP4, the evaluation of UNICEF’s Integrated Nutrition and Social Cash Transfer (IN-SCT) program, and a contribution to the World Vision International “Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience” project. The evaluation of the UNICEF IN- SCT program showed that the program significantly improved dietary diversity, food security, assets, and perceived resilience to shocks. Results were presented to the government in December 2018. Work in Ethiopia also yielded a working paper exploring household payment modality preferences with data drawn from evaluations of the PSNP and a journal article analyzing the distributional effect of taxes and transfers. Research with World Vision International is testing an integrated approach to graduation (a sequenced and intensive package of support for very poor people to facilitate their exit out of extreme poverty). Midline findings from the impact evaluation of Mali’s national cash transfer program (“Programme de Filets Sociaux du Mali Jigisémèjiri”) were used by the Government of Mali to design the next phase of implementation, which begins in 2019. As recommended by the research team, the size and frequency of the distribution have increased, the training sessions on maternal and child health now include home visits for more individualized counseling, and new themes on child development and income-generating activities have been included. In 2018 PIM researchers collected endline data which will be used in the next phase of the evaluation. 103 Research from a Cornell/IFPRI team in India produced an article assessing whether spending on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is influenced by political motivations. In Pakistan, a forthcoming evaluation of the Benazir Income Support Program found no impact of the program’s transfers on recipients’ labor supply. Within the new area of work on fragile settings, a study in Yemen examined the impact of cash transfers on food security and child health during conflict; the report submitted to the Yemen Social Fund for Development suggests that the cash-for-nutrition intervention improved knowledge and increased spending on food. A study to assess economic activities of the forcibly displaced Rohingya populations in Bangladesh showed that many of the resettled Rohingyas are unemployed and that those who work are paid less than Bangladeshi workers. Research in Mali explored the impact of post-conflict humanitarian aid on household food security, child nutrition, and other outcomes. Findings from recent Flagship 4 research were presented at the IFPRI-FAO conference “Accelerating the End of Hunger and Malnutrition: A Global Event” in Bangkok in November 2018. Flagship 5 “Governance of Natural Resources” The Flagship 5 team continued to conduct research on ways to secure tenure and improve the governance of natural resources. Enhanced partnerships with national and international organizations allowed this research to yield several outcomes in 2018. Key progress was made on securing tenure for effective management of rangelands. Through a collaboration with Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine, ICARDA researchers affiliated with PIM and LIVESTOCK used participatory research and application of Bayesian belief networks to identify factors that promote improved rangeland governance and ways to overcome power imbalances and enhance stakeholders’ cooperation for effective implementation of rangeland restoration in Tunisia. The complex nature of rangeland resources increases the importance of land use planning processes for securing rights of pastoralists to key resources. In collaboration with LIVESTOCK, ILRI researchers applied participatory rangeland management planning tools with national government partners in Ethiopia and Tanzania. In Tanzania, this process led to the protection and certification of 150,000 hectares in three shared grazing areas, and a manual on conflict resolution in village land use planning was produced for the Government. PIM also made advances on land use planning in Asia. In Vietnam, research by ICRAF co- supported by FTA on the potential of provincial-level land use planning highlighted informational and capacity challenges. In Lao PDR, IWMI researchers showed that having the various stakeholders play a board game contributes to more informed and transparent decision making processes on land use planning across scales. Early research carried out by CIFOR through a newly formed partnership with GIZ to examine the role of tenure security on forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia and Madagascar found that in Madagascar local investment in restoration increases when local officials recognize the legitimacy of customary rules. Further CIFOR research looked at the effect of strengthened tenure on investments in the commons, and found that in Nepal new collective forest rights catalyze investment in new forms of community-based forest enterprises, generating jobs and higher local incomes. A joint PIM/FTA study involving a team from Bioversity International and CIFOR found that community forest concessions in Guatemala have positive socioeconomic outcomes in addition to their environmental benefits. These findings were presented at policy fora attended by senior government officials in support of the renewal of the community concessions. A partnership with the National Agrarian University La Molina in Peru to study land and forest tenure security of indigenous communities resulted in increased emphasis on social science in the university’s Forest Engineer curriculum. 104 PIM’s longstanding partnership with International Land Coalition (ILC) continued to generate impact. In addition to the focus on securing rights for pastoralists in Tanzania in collaboration with the ILC Rangelands Initiative, PIM, through Collaborating for Resilience and WorldFish, continued to identify effective strategies for multistakeholder platforms to influence policies in the 22 countries that have invested in these platforms as part of their national engagement strategies. PIM investments in action research on multistakeholder dialogue to address natural resource competition and conflict also yielded a journal article by WorldFish researchers on lessons learned from the large lake fisheries’ systems in Cambodia, Uganda, and Zambia, and tools developed by ICRAF for cross-border stakeholder dialogue to be used by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development of the East African Region and the Governments of Kenya and Somalia for improving natural resource governance at the border between these two countries. Work started on a cross-center synthesis of lessons learned on effective multistakeholder practices. A meeting held in December 2018 in collaboration with FTA and WLE laid the ground for an enhanced partnership between CGIAR and the India-based non-governmental organization Foundation for Ecological Security (FES) in support of FES’s “Promise of Commons” initiative to scale up efforts to secure tenure, improve governance, and contribute to ecological restoration of 30 million acres of common land in India. This initiative draws on the outputs of previous collaborative research between IFPRI/PIM and FES, including on collective action games to strengthen management of forest and water resources. The “Promise of Commons” initiative will also serve as a learning laboratory for the collaboration between PIM, FTA, and WLE on restoring degraded landscapes launched at an August 2018 meeting in Nairobi. The roll-out of the Monitoring and Evaluation of Land in Africa framework developed by IFPRI at the request of the African Land Policy Centre continued in Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, and Tanzania, but roll-out in the other eight pilot countries was halted due to reduced funding from the African Land Policy Centre. The funds that PIM had allocated to co-finance this activity were used instead to carry out an analysis of Ethiopia’s “second-level” land certification program – a topic of particular interest for Ethiopian policy makers and donor organizations. Flagship 6 “Cross-cutting Gender Research and Coordination” The Flagship 6 team delivered high-quality research products, assisted colleagues in other flagships in incorporating gender analysis into their work, and managed the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research, thereby contributing to progress in the use of gender research methods within and outside of CGIAR, increased women's empowerment in agriculture in several countries, and strengthened gender dimensions of policies in several countries. By the end of 2018, 86 organizations in 53 countries have used the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) or one of its variations to analyze the drivers and impacts of women’s empowerment. The statistics used in the Gender and Land Rights Database (a FAO product with PIM contribution) are widely used by policy makers and practitioners. Researchers from all CGIAR centers use PIM gender research methods and guidelines, among which the WEAI and the Standards for Collecting Sex-Disaggregated Data. The Gender Platform held monthly webinars on CGIAR and partners’ gender research, put out four newsletters, and produced two campaigns (for International Women’s Day and for the International Day for Rural Women) reflecting on the role of gender research in transforming women’s lives. The Platform’s second Annual Scientific Conference and Capacity Development Workshop attracted about 120 participants and included more than 50 presentations by CGIAR scientists. The event enhanced cross-CRP and cross-center exchange of methods and findings on gender research, and provided an opportunity to train 105 researchers on methods, tools, and initiatives (e.g., WEAI, Gender and Breeding Initiative, gender and big data, gender-transformative approaches in agriculture, proposal and abstract writing, achieving policy impact). The principal investigators for five research projects on gender dynamics in seed systems (involving CIP, ICRISAT, IFPRI, ILRI, and IRRI) co-funded by the Platform in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda convened for a writeshop to synthesize findings into a special issue of a journal that will provide evidence for the development of gender-responsive seed system policies in these countries. The webinar “Women in agriculture: four myths” became the most popular of the PIM webinar series, with about 240 views. With support from IFPRI/PIM, the Inter-American Development Bank used the WEAI to assess the impact of agricultural projects on women’s empowerment in Nicaragua and Bolivia, and introduce interventions to enhance women’s empowerment in Bolivia. As described in USAID factsheets on women’s empowerment in Feed the Future countries, WEAI findings were used by the governments of Bangladesh and Ethiopia to inform the design of national nutrition and agricultural programs and by USAID in several Global Food Security Strategy country plans. Research on intimate partner violence in collaboration with Flagship 4 found that cash transfers and other social protection mechanisms may reduce this form of violence against women. A study covered in the press found that cash/food transfers coupled with nutrition counseling led to a significant decrease in domestic violence in Bangladesh. The nutrition counseling component appeared to significantly increase women’s economic standing in the household, which might have empowered them to stand up to their partners, thereby contributing to a reduction in violence. Also possible is that the home visits and regular participation of women in weekly meetings made the women more visible, and made their partners feel that they were likelier to get caught if they were abusive. Another study found that the Government of Mali’s Jigisémèjiri safety net program decreased intimate partner violence within polygamous households. These promising findings have helped to spawn a new research collaborative on linkages between cash transfers and intimate partner violence. Other findings on effects of women’s empowerment and interventions for empowering women in agriculture were shared with several implementation partners, including: - Uganda-based private sector partners Tropical Bank and Kakira Sugar Limited, who changed their policies in order to empower women based on IFPRI recommendations (Tropical Bank modified lending requirements to facilitate the opening of bank accounts by women; Kakira Sugar Limited modified contracting practices to increase women’s inclusion); - Senegal-based NGO Professionals for Fair Development (sharing of insights from IFPRI and University of Oxford into how household decision making influences outcomes correlated to women’s empowerment); - Colombia-based NGO Ecohabitats and Nicaragua-based NGO Instituto de Investigación y Desarollo Nitlapan (dissemination of CIAT findings on the beneficial effects of women’s empowerment on climate change adaptation). Recommendations were also provided to decision makers to strengthen gender dimensions of policies. Results from the evaluation of the Jigisémèjiri program were discussed with the Ministry of Economics and Finance in Mali. Findings on the lack of state identification cards in Uganda constraining women’s participation in sugarcane value chains were disseminated to the government to attempt to make the process of obtaining identification cards easier for women. Recommendations on women’s empowerment were made to the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, which has the potential to influence the Russian Federation’s policy on aid to Central Asian countries. 106