West Africa Seed and Planting Material The Newsletter of the West Africa Seed Network (WASNET) Secretariat: PO Box 9698. K IAAcc ra . Ghana No. 13, September 2004 ISSN 1595-231 2 Th is is the thirteenth issue of West Africa The last issues of the Newsletter mainly deat with Seed and Planting Material', the newsletter the commercial channels of seed in sub-Saharan of the West Afiica Seed and Planting Africa, mxeses of plant breeding of the most Mated N&k (WASNET). WASNET important food crops in A f k k cassava, yam, addresses the needs and problems in the seed and maize, plantaidbanana, cowpea and soybean and planting material sectors in West African countries the public and f o n ds eediKISd~ti0nisn WASNET and brings together private and public seed actors member countries. fromWst African connmes in a saubure,w hich will Emphasii in the current issue is shifted encourage them to work together to strengthenlocal, to WASNET news mainly to the minutes of the national, and regional seed indusuy development fourth Steering Committee meeting of the The newsletter of WASNET is not only a tool network, the proceedings of the second General through which the latest developments of the seed Assembly meeting held from 23 to 26 February and planting materials sectors are communicated to 2004 in Dakar, Senegal and the national seed and planting material staff in West A f r i a nd seed associations of Mali and N - r beyond. It also aims at informing readers of what It is also mrthwhile to is going on in the seed and planting material sector share with readers some in other networks or seed related associations in information on biotech- the world. Even more, the newsletter can be seen nology in Afkicaandsome as a forum of discussion whereby readers and seed events m come. contributors are allowed and encouraged to pose and answer questions. Contenk WASNET News ................................................................................................................................... 2 National Seed Associations in WASNET Member Countries (Mali and Ni).. ............................... 17 Trade of Biotech Products in Africa: Requirements of Biosafety Protocols .......................................... 23 Formal Seed System in a t e d 'Ivoi~.e.. ............................................................................................... 26 International Meetings and Seed E m .... .........................................................................................3 5 WASNET News 13 WASNET News Minutes of the 4th Steering Committee Meeting of WASNET Date: 1517 September 2003 - Local subsidy contracts for member counmes - Venue: Novotel, Accra, Ghana Participation in meetings and workshops since 3rd SC meeting A t t e n h - WkSNET half year report, etc 1. MIN . A. Kpodar President Rwiewlupdate the Terms of Reference (TOR) of the SC 2. D r k J oshua Vice President Rwiew of the 3rd SC Recommendations 3. Mrs. Bah Secretary Adoption of a logo for WASNET Adoption of official French denomination 4. MrJ.Yogo Member of WASNET 5. Mr N. Maroya Ex-officio (WASNET Regional Adoption of theToR of the Board of D i i r s Coordinator) Study and adoption of a code of conducr for WASNET (French and EngLish version) 6. Mr W . Bertenbreiter Ex-officio (WASDUTeam Leader) Adoption of the content of a leaflet for WASNET 7. Dr J.d'A. Hugha Ex-officio (KIA) W ~ e wan d adoption of the first draft Agenda of the 2nd General Meeting Apologies for not being able to attend the meeting were Review and adoption of Regional Coordination sent in by Dr Marcel Nwalozie of CORAFIWECARD work plan and budget for 2004 and Prof Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah of CSIR. W ~ e wan d adoption of National Coordination There was a welcome address by the Chairman of the work plan and budget for 2004 Steering Committee. He stressed the importance of Any other business improved seeds and agricultural inputs, pointing out - SC self-evaluation according to its TOR that WASNET can play a crucial role in promoting the - Drawing up a lin of participants for the use of these inputs. He went on to mention briefly the 2nd General Meeting ofWASNET role of the Steering Committee. - Printing of the proceedings of the la General Meeting (incomplete documents) Adoption of the Steering Commiitee - Doa the Board of Directors need a Meeting agenda chairperson andlor a rapporteur? The agenda was thoroughly reviewed and adopted as - ECOWAS' membership of the Board of follows: Directors? - Acceptance of new members in WASNET Opening of the 4th Steering ~ommittee(S C) - Recommendation on harmonization of seed Meeting (Welcome address by the Chairman rules and regulation in West Afiica of the SC) Adoption of the Steering Committee Meeting WASNET Coordinator progress report Agenda The Regional Coordinator presented a comprehensive WASNET Coordinator progress reporc report on the management of the network, and the range - WASNET management ofactivities that have been or are yet to be implemented, - Planned activities for 2003 while some activities like the local subsidy conuacts and 2 WASNET News 13 recommended that suong reminders be sent again and that these activities should be compkted and the d t s presented at the next General Meeting in Februaq-2004. Adoption of o logo fur WASNET The Regional Coordinator proposed a range of logos for the network. These logos were appraised on the of how best they reflect the nature and objective of the network One was unanimously adopted as the o 5 d logo of the network. However, it was agreed that the logo be sent to the national coordinators for information 4th Steering Committee Meeting of WASNET. and comment. the partidpadon in other meetings were satisfactory, the Adoplion of &ial Fmnch denomindon coordinator raised concern over the lack of contact with of WASNET the narional coordinators. He complained that national The French translation % h u Ouest Afdcah des coordinators do not respond to requesrs and letters from Semences et Matt%& de Plantation (WASNET)"w as the coordinating office. The non-response of national adopted by the committee for the network. However, coordinators was extensively discussed. It was pointed the m n y m W ASNET is maintained for both FhgM out that for the network to survive there should be a and French. very good rapport between not only the coordination office and the national coordinators but also between Adoption of the TOR of the B o n d of Dimcfors the national coordinators. The mmmittee was informed that members of the Board of D i o r s o f the network had agreed to their Members tried m identify a number of reasons for rhis TORT he SC had no objection to the TORo f the Board lack of communication. of Directors. * Problem of wmmunication at national level cg. lack of computers, telephones Study and adoption of o code of pmmmce La& of commitment of national coordinators for WASNET (Fmnch and English version) Lack of benefits for the national system Mer preliminary discuaions, it was agreed that the phrase =Code of Pmctke'' should be used. Tbis was It was agreed that there is the urgent need to improve the followed by an exhaustive d i i i o n article by article, status andlevel of communication in the network. It was wbich resulted in the drafting and adoption of a code further recommended that the chairman of the SCwrite of practice for the network.The code o f p d c ed e6nes or authorize the Regional Coordinator towrite to national the nature and function of the network and d the coordinators reminding them of their commitment suu- within. This code is b i g on a l l members to the network. It was also rewmmended that the of the network. Regional Coordinator put more pressure on national coordinators to respond to requests firom the regional However, due to time wnsuainrs, only the Englirh office and also improve communication mhmgewithin version was discussed and adopted (Annex 4). The the network. committee requested that the Regional Coordinator harmonize the French version with the Englirh Redew the TOR of the SC version and forward it to al l committee members for The Regional Coordinator presented the Terms of comment Reference (TOR)o f the SC that was adopted by the 1st General Meeting. The TORSh ad been sent earlier to Adoption of the confent of a l d e t f or WASNET members for comment; however, no reply was received. A draft was presented by the Regional Coordinam~T he The document was reviewed and adopted. leaflet is a b a e f s u m m & f W A b ~ac~tiv ities tbarwill be distributed to the publicThecommitteereviewedand Ren'ew of the 3rd SC recornmendotions agreed on the conte&s of the leatlet but recommended The committee realized that the national coordinators that the coordinator should incorporart the New had not complied with the recommendations of the 3rd Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) focus SC m A g . T henfore, all the advities that should have on seed in the leaflet However, due to time wmnainrs, been completed by now are still pending. The committee only the English version was d i d WASNET News 13 Reveiw and adoption of the first d dAg enda Drawing up a list of porticipank for the 2nd General of rhe 2nd General Meefnig Meeting of WASNET The next General Mgting is scheduled for 23-26 See section on Agenda of 2nd General Meeting. February 2004 and the venue is Dakar, Senegal. The committee prepared an agenda and agreed on a List of Printing of the Proceedings of the 1st General Meeting pardcipantr, organizations, andinstimtbns to be invited (incompleted ocuments) fix the meeting (Annexes 5 & Q. Although some of the contributions are missing, it was agreed that the Regional Coordinator should Reveiw and adoption of Regional Coordination get the proceedings of the 1st General Meeting work plan and budget for 2004 printed for disuibution during the 2nd General The Regional Coordinator presented the proposed work Meeting. p k n He was concerned that most of the activities that should have been completed by now by the national Does the Board of Directors need a chairperson and/ coordinators were still pending. The committee or o rapporteur? recommended that these activities be continued in It was decided that the Board of Directors should 2004 (Annex7). take responsibility for appointing a chair and/or a The issue of the budget of the network was also raised. rapPOrn'-'= It pointed Out ;hat the memben of the ECOWAF membership of +heB oard of Directors? have never had any information on the budget. It was It was agreed that it would be appropriate to haw recommended that the Regional Coordinator 'laborare ECOWAS represented on the Board of Directors. It was a budget and inform the General Meeting about the also agteed that the Regional Coordinator should pursue budget- this issue. Review and adoprion of Notional Coordir~~tion work plan and budget for 2044 Acceptance of new members in WASNET The wmmittee was informed that there The committee welwmed the news that Mauritania was no new work plan on this item as all the proposed activities is interested in becoming a member. The Regional for 2003 that should have been implemented by the Coordinator should pursue thii issue. national coordinaton are still pending. The 2003 work Recommendotion on harmonization of seed rules and plan is extended to 2004 (Annex 8). regulation in West Africa Any other business The committee was infonned that the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) requested that Steeting Cornmiltee sdf-evaluation according to ik TOR WASNET, &ST& and IFDC should take the It was +th at while the SC has donea good job there lead on harmonization of rules and regulations in West is still need for improvement in the ateas of monitoring Ahica. of network activities and advice to the Regional Coordinator. It was recommended that the Regiond Chordinator provide an executive b w n m q j report to the SC every q~arrer. WASNET News 13 Minutes of the 2nd General Meeting of WASNET 23-26 February 2004, Novotel Dakar, Senegal M. Norbert G. Maroyo Opening Ceremony Coordinato~S o there is no response to requests for The opening ceremony of the 2nd General Meeting of information. Several cases were meqtioned to contirm the West Africa Seed and Planting Material Network the la& of feedbackon the part of national m r d i ~ t o r s . (WASNET) started with a minute of silence in The most alarming one was a request by Senegal for memory of our beloved late Dr Adeyemi Joshua, Vice- 2000 tomes of maize seeds. The request was forwarded chairman of the Steering Committee of WASNET and to aU the countrig through national coordinators but Managing Director of Premier Seed K i t e d of N i i a . only Ghana and the Secretary General of the African The opening statement was made by Mr Assiongbon Seed Trade Association (AFSTA) reacted. Kpodar, Chairman of the Steering Committee, followed by Mr Wolfgang Bertenbreiter, WASDU Team Leader Report by WSNET Steering Cornmi* who delivered his speech on behalf of the German The focus of this report was the minutes of the fourth Technical Cooperation. The third statement was by meeting, used as a background document in preparing Dr Robert Asiedu, Research-for-Development for this meeting. The main points highlighted by MI Councillor, representing the Director General of the Kpodar in this report are the review and adoption of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). some WASNET documents. He was followed by Dr Paco Sereme, Fxecutive Secretary of West and Central African A g d c u l d Research and After discussing the report, participants expressed their Development Conference (CORAFIWECARD). concern about the absence of the Committee's Secretary Finallv, Mr Oumar Top. Chief of Cabiiet of the who, as record keeper, should have enlightened the ~ i n i s korf ~~r iculnkued ~ ydraulicof ficially declared General Meeting on a number of issues. open the 2nd General Meetin-g of WASNET on behalf It was decided that the two repom be adopted of the minister. during the statutory meeting and that, for the nen The five opening statements are fully annexed to these General Meeting, they are presented for indepth minutes. discussions. Session 2 (First part) Session 2 (Second part) Report of W S N RR egional Coordinator Part TWO of the second session was chaired by Justin Rakotoarisoana and the rapporteur was Norbert Following the official opening ceremony of the Second Mamya. This session was to review the progress recorded General Meeting of WASNET, participants went on in respect of regional responsibilities in each country to elect the presiding officers of the meeting and to as against the picture presented during the 1st General adopt the agenda. The first part of the session was Meeting of 22 to 24 January 2002 in Banjul. Repom chaired by Wolfgang Bertenbreiter.T he rapporteur was were heard from all the counmes under this agenda item M. Chakirou Hounkponou. Before the presentations, except from Gambia as our Gambian colleague, Saidu the chairman requested the participants to introduce Bah, could not attend this General Meeting. themselves. Then two reports were presented, namely: - The session dealt with two groups of four presentations the progress report of the WASNET Regional followed by a general discussion. Altogether, eight papers Coordinator - were presented in relation to s p d c r hemes assigned the progress report of the Steering Committee since 2000, namely: of WASNET In his presentation, the Regional Coordinator said his Benin: Review of seed certification regulations main problem is the di6culty in linldng up national in the region coordinators. As a matter of ha, country network Bnrkina b o : Development of a regional seed coordinators do not react to mails sent by the Regional standads catalog WASNET News 13 Dignitaries at the high table at the opening of the Genwal Meeting. Mali: Review of seed impodexport (based on seed laws of five countries) b r c ountries with regulations no legislative provision. Niger: Review of seed laws in the region On the whole, for this first group of presentations, Ghana: Development of a regional directory of participants noted that very little p r o p h as been seed stocks accomplished since the first General Meeting in 2002. They also deplored the lack of communication between N i i Drawing up a regional varietal catalog national coordinators. Sene& Gathering of staristical data on actual The ensuing general discussion focused on a number of seed needs and productions issues such as breeders' right, intellectual propriety and Togo: Preparation of a regional directory of plant variety p r o d o n . human resources and facilities The second group of four presentations did not repon The main issues raised by the but presentations could anythiig new. Indeed the directories developed are no be s m a r t e d a s follows: significant progress &om the achievements presented at ~ t h e r e V i e w o f s e e d d ~ c a t i o n r & a u o n so, nly the General Meeting in 2002. the data initially submitted by two countties ( B h i i and Mali) were analysed To fill this gap, a detailed presentation on the steps to be taken with respect to seed certificarion was made. As for the regional seedstandardsc atalog, the information requested was supplied by six countries. Mali is the only counuy that supplemented the data already sent in by five wunuies namely, Burkina Faso, Niger, Niitia, Senegal, and Togo. Concerning seed impodexport regulations, no fiuther contribution has been sent to the wunuy with responsibility for the subject. Only the information provided by three countries (Mali, Niger, and Togo) is available. Concerning the review of the various seed laws, a detailed work p r o d w e was resented to the General Meeting. The outcome of this assignment is a bid Participants at the 2nd General Meeting of WASNET. 7-%oar 8u.nq n 1! m =onof ~ 1 q u a u n n r m p q 3 w r o J ~ q ~ f l s e p w s aq p p m uo~ssasI- pue-uopsanb 'quwu.u?fnbu ~ q s q u ~ Br ut flu u3uo3 a u a asr~aas ue ~nenalap~ue suopsanb > p a d s '&?L PM N*! m *dIIdIIm3* vq3 p a p = a% s ~ a u a w dat p sareqap 2-sua atp %aJna ' ~ ( 0 1 1 1 ,n~ a ' o w w 1 n t 7 *.nya- np m a y & w d w m y q w n o 3 a qL - %o.pwjo am nuaq e IOJ *gmaa .a JFY (91-u m d v 3t pJO Jaqmam e +ma9 JOJ -- atp -w P W ia!* m d v "mqs!lq- atp 4p a9m are saplunm Xuem &OH - sq a3ms s ~ ~ \ r nLuqa -m A n 3 . s wI wn?/o uopnarday iqCqromaul4 IE ~ ~lv a n p a w x~ ~ a d ~ ~ ~ ~ v y p d n a m m m os ~ B u ~ u l d a o X sndm IOJ m+ac q d u? mdm s ~ y m o u3u & ~=i- -!w 1 s' = VL bixw Jb mqwm v ra ~ ~ P ~ Pmy U ~ ~ P V 3 m *n du!Jo W l w o l 4 w wm warndopap a p pa as e o o e s p e 4 ~q q upl0 U~ i PB!I~&-3 30 nrmOme ='=u -"='%I V T P ~ S"M =mtp %mMon9~%~ ' r n W A J O suop+o ~aumdmqXqsu opcluasa~d0 1pa10mp we. uo!ss. qq~.& u q m o d + we. mauoddw atp pm d 0 l E ~IJJ qJON Xq (q S E M U O ! m MIJla u E uo!rsq FP+ PFOIOsp!- ~ P- %3aa q m p C ~ u a w q uatap no sappusad poe ==!IF3J O ==w I"JmTe9 atp - %aJ9~!=l03 -p!?wfpv -?l.*m la7utmu - Ty 0s UO passed uaaq SEy l!JO 95"" MOq pw a l q P =? UopemJojn!T X"' m0 Png w Xnunm rpea rp* mamsgsse ue ayem ro1eu!poQ 3 9 U! vsm s n r ~ n4.: ~ -P n!m 3ua @uo$~% arp retp papuarmumx sw 11 -1 -q ~ = P P F ~PW =FPY arop s! anupum ppoqs ~m~\lra'p ' y h s m JO m u y a p a tp 01 (spaas) mdm ~ I O I uousanb atp pue 'sans! u o ~ ~ u nmo 2-sm (uounqplum p-9) =u- a! pu- XPWT are WOPNPS'J! leranas l q a ej atp pal@!I$~ 3m w %ndm se F P P ~ %uaq speas - suopmuasxd asatp %ponoj uo!sm~sy @ s a da u waumJayJb sy.pvdu~ - m W A J o -q J!P 3nq zooz u! lsPB 3ou P@ - P M I ~ ~ . ?.V~)~u Bw.mPq M v= P P 'P!V~OFepOSSepeasatpa pnpu! mop h o w ~.y .~#Bu~purXiuo o ~Bu!aa~rdi! o ~ay, 'a ejjo n~eme -parepdn aq 0% md4. OM I ueq~ 4 ~ ~ ~ 6 w ~ ~ . ~ u U ~a O Uml pap~alTOm3 UO3!lEWr JOnfD!a t~p 1- p a ~ s a a s 11 Pm3eJVJ"S~-pa~!='!l=e4TIpssn=El 'SUO~NF? p m a u e d p y d 30 XI- arp JOd uaq& sndm p~p+a ~ m a radt1 0 ppoqs - .1.p EOOZ-ZOOZ a41 pap-03 *I Xpo 'suo~npardp m spaau paas p m e Sup* ~lrauroop p o + atp oam uo~odIo3u!p ue UOpelE'Ten 103 2 0 p m asa@aua~a v p a e x os@ a7 'uopmnasard sx S t p a % o p m pofaaJ atp q ppnpu! IOU are q a z p p~ue d 3 0 Sp !lqi(q m u S T p MS e 'WdMm poe nonm 30 =pa!- M~II are aatp ~ e t p a qqdxa an%eanm a u . hpp atp JO a%q3 u! uouad atp Xq q os uaaq seq mdu! mylmf ou qp pu! U& atp %ope3 pa!Ji?Ap 0faaJ atp -~JUQ laUI X ~ J S S ~ ~ N aq lorrum smnbas paas '(s~ddns). 411~qqpwpaa~s noqe a l q F p m s! uopemrojn! OUJI -npols paas uo U O ! l E W J ~ JOSJ~@IOZ atp lnoqepanra3um~~daapa1a~suedwyd 'pawwuo~s ! Xromnp npws p a s ay, se q sv WASNET News 13 Recurt developments at ISTA Country achievements - What technical and financial contributions can WASNET solicit to establish a reference Enin laborato'y approved by ISTA in West Africa in They are of two kinds: order to promote the regional seed trade? - WRTIVETcan make a recommendazion in that External efforts: Funds were received from the respect to the intmLltional organizations interested Belgian cooperation for a study on the problems in seed & in Ajica in genml and in WestA jica faced by the seed sector in Bhin. The study inp a&. enabled the development of a program to be - implemented shortly. Can the a d t a t i o n of IITAs laboratory in - Ibadan compromise that of the national laboratory Internal efforts: these involved funds h m of Nigeria? the national budget for the establishment %e aecreditatrtaoon fllir;4i labomtory of 77 seed banks in the new administrative may disadvantage that of the narional laboratory of communes. The funding for 2003 amounted Nigetia Well in accontrnce with the re&tions, m 64 million francs and was fully released two hboramrler couid be accredited in the same by the government. country but the need must beproper&j ushFed Iris impmtant ta nore that accreditation in the Achievements for B w h a F aso are also basically of two c e o f labs &pen& on the volume ofseed d y s a andtcrtspqhaed In A f ia , the amount ofseedr kinds: mukd is hut. The number of ana&sespe@?med in - Funds were granted by the Japanese cooperation Labomtoria is equally low which does twtfivor the for equipping seed centers, ttairhg and organizing accreditation ofa Laboratory in WerrAjica seed farmers. To this effect, 364 seed growers will Can AFSTA join ISTA in view of its present be trained during this cropping season and activities? extension of control structures will be AFSTA can join ISTA; this will help improve its badstopped services - The drafting of a seed legislation with back- stopping &om IFDC, and a draft decree is For a better use of comf.org being prepared. - Can the national coordinators still use coraEorg ifthey no longer hold the position or ifthey C6te d'lvoire have retired? The presentation On the seed sector in a t e d 'Ivoire The national rcpreren~~vwesh o am discharged brought out the following issues: of duty or who have &.red can stit1 use their - Seed related needs are enormous mainly as a comao rg. dress ;fthey so wish. gnot, the &en result of the civii war that demoyed seed stocks, couki be nrrpended - genetic resources, and collections. What is the contidendity level for coraf.org? - There are two seed production systems: We do not have anyprobkm arf.rar confidmtialiry a formal system for industdal crops and an is concerned on corajoorg. We have more than 500 informal system for food crops. subscribers, andnndlm thr one who assippamuom5 - The establishment of a community-based seed that Ican't even remember. So whmerpeopkj5rget multiplication system to meet seed needs in 18 theirpamuom5 we have to give them a new addrss regions. with a new password - The development of an emergency and relief program geared towards foundation Session 4.1 (First part ) seeds. This session was chaired by Sylvain Roy and the - The creation of an observatory to enable the rappomew was Paul Buckner. Presentations here dealt collecdon of precise information on how seed with the achievements of the public seed sector in some growers are organized countries, namely Benin, Burkina Faso, G t e d'lvoire, - The promotion of local seed grower associations. Togo, and Sierra Leone. - Capacity building for seed operaton. -a%unp Lm F==&P IOU seq n'1I3 'mI'- = W . q a F arp 4 @ = ~ ~%vranvnm P=PUO~= ~aqeads%a~= I,P a83 T arp Xq p-w ? 1Ion g+mw~ aaww m m ~ a v a ~ u o ~ = n b-a vr p -.P='"=!a -maas& uopmpord paes aqr 30 uom*!l!qeqar arp o! pm-so! LJa uaaq seq uoperadow uemra3 arp 4 wmspe a q ~ . -moz 4 -Do! uopmpold %SZ arp =,'JFP 03 puassa q q plarp 103 w n q q h p b p eas aaam 0, " a q Icy 3PJgJp q q 8m30u ead ual l q .+d paas uo u q k pumb uo aom q +q lu ra a u paaB ?rp P P F J warp dray a laplo m = m m a s I p a - s r = u o p o m x y = uopwadow ~ q 3 0 a l e sde a peur arw .spees lprp ~ o p ~ ~ r n r e J - ~ o r j ~ - 4 W ~ uo 9>eq u o p n p d p u # and a uop~~adow P=I!'l uo P!P S!J 'J= u! 1- F J'LL 8U-l -!S WASNET News 13 - Field Visit - Participants visited private seed organizarions, namely: a= - Secco Semencier of Mr Cheikh Pall I - , -- in Xvaouane, YO km away from Dakar 7 .. .-1. ., . . A .2;:x---z*..: TROPICASEM Farm in Rufisque, 35 km from Dakar Wt lo Secco Semencier Participants were warmly welcomed by Cheikh Fall assisted by Modou Diakhate. President of the rural community of Cht?rifU and Member of the National Unloading seeds at the front gate of S e w . Assembly, as well as by the representatives ofseedgrowen' organizations of the dipattement o f T i u a n e . State competition is something we live with at Participants were introduced to the production, APIDL4, ac the Gmrernment of Guinea willspeak marketing, and distribution patterns of groundnut ofmarket economy (theprice truth), andat the and millet seeds and taken on a guided tour of the same rimpfiod the market with low cost i n p a facilties. The explanations were followed by questions @iir;Prz andpesticides) through the iQUI and answers. program (Japanese donation). - The visitors were highly impressed by the interventions Who sets seed producer prices in Ghana? of the Honorable Modou Diakhate, Vice-President of h Ghana, seedproducerprices areset afkr the Agricultural Committee of the National Assembly connrl*uion by aj oint committee whose of Senegal. It was also an opportunity for the Honorable members hailfrom both the private and the MP to learn about the expectations of the ongoing public sectors. WASNET General Meeting. - In West Atiica, Senegal is a good example of the private seed sector having some influence, but can you s d s peak of unlawful State Virit lo TROPICASEM farm competition? Here, participants were welcomed by Didier Lepape At UNIS, we think there is unla@l State and Samba Cisse who made a presentation on compmtion because there is a gowmment-muned TROPICASEM and its achievements in Senegal. company which is not specialized in seed t r d and Participants were entertained with a detailed room yetpLrces imu costgroundnut seed with thegrowers presentation on breeding patterns as well as on the whofied itr fdo ty with their outputs. production, packaging, and m a r k e ~ gar rangements - Why is it that only Niger received QPM maize of cert5ed seeds. On-farm research was also presented seeds from WASNET for trials? to participants. TROPICASEM now works with 320 We did not receive any QPM maizefrom W m d communities in Senegal and is a member of Like all thcparticzpants in the q i o d m ining TECHNISEM Group of France. organized in August2003 on high protein maize, (QPM), we received 4 kg ofmaize andsubmiited a protocol to WRDUAZASAET$r it to assist w in seed multiplicruion (tats) uunder imgrttr'on conditionr. n a t i s what ahwed ur toprcsmt somepreliminaty mdts showing thegood pojirmance of the variery. - Are breeders who develop the varieties you use publicly acknowledged? It is important tof;nd in the kgkhtion governing the seed sector a provision to w a r d the scienrim who breed improved varieties. %is is ail the more essential in my c w n 9 Niger& that corrembn had to be ma& to include research in the budget fir this year2004. Bulk and bagged seeds h the warehouse. 10 WASNET News 13 I I TROPICASEM mainly produces vegetable crops (tomato, onion, lettuce, okra, carrot, etc) on three stations in Senegal. The Rufkque station we visited launchedits activities in 1998. It wvers a totalland area of 40 ha, 12 ha ofwhich are under culdvation and 1.5 ha under greenhouse. A few participants happily collected packaged samples of hybrid varieties like NADIRA for tests in their respective countries. TROPICASEM is atso a member of the Inter- professional national seed Union of Senegal (UNIS) and of the African Seed Trade Association (AFSTA). Statutory Meeting Seed germination greenhouse. The statutory meeting was held on Thursdax 26 February 2004. Ex officio members of the Steering Adoption of the report of the Regional Cooordinofor Committee sat as observers in the meeting which The Regional Coordinator's report was well received as was chaired by Assiongbon Kpodar, chairman of the it was quite informative about WASNETS coordination WASNET Steering Committee. The rapporteur was activities. The budget was the only item that gave rise to Jonas Yogo. Also in attendance were represenratives extended discussion. The coordinator lacked information of the public semr born the 11 member countries on funds earmarked for the acdvities and, as a result, he (except Gambia), the chairman of the Association should not have included the budget in such a repom of Agricultutal Inputs Producers, Importers and that was not even approved by The report was Distributors of Guinea (APIDIA); the representative unanimoudy adopted after deletion of the part dealing of the private seed sector of Ghana; the chairman of with the budget. the Seed Association of Mali (ASSEMA); the chairman of the Private Seed Gravers Association of Niger Adoption of the report of the SC (APPSN); the vice-chairman of the Seed Association The report was adopted after a few amendments. of Nigeria (SEEDAN); the president of the National Inter-professional Seed Union of Senegal (UNIS); the Review and adoprion of the rules of procedure scientific coordinator of CORAF; the IITA coordinator of WASNR of Project E on starchy crops, based in Cameroon; the The English version of the rules of procedure initially seed expert of the West African Seed Development reviewed and adopted by the SC was once again Unit (WASDU);th e Seed Project team leader; the amended in keeping with the French version. The two representative of the Director General of IITA; and versions were then adopted. the Coordinator of WASNET. Adoption of WASNET info leaflet L i i the rules of pmcedm, the English version of the leaflet was examined and adopted by the SC. The General Meeting recommended that it is printed and ci&ed in member munaies in order to better publicise WASNET'S activities. Eleaion of the new members of WASNR SC I Having taken note of the resignation of the outgoing Bureau of the SC, a committee was put in place to oversee the election ofnew officers. Chair: Dr Marcel Nwalozie of CORAFI WECARD Ra.o. ~ orteut:D r Abdou Tenkouano of IITA-Cameroon Drip irrigation with greenhouses in the background. Member: Dr Ernest Asiedu of CFU-Ghana WASNET News 13 The committee recalled the pmvisions peming the eligibility, voting, and election of the new members as well as the responsibilities for each position. On the basis of therelevant documents known to all the members, voting operations started in accordance with the rules of procedure. Election of the cbairmln. Four candidates were nominated, namely Abba Dieme, Amadou D j i i , Abdoulaye Kane, andlims Okolo. Following the elections, Abba Dieme from the public sector of Senegal was elected chairman of the SC of WASNET for the next two years. E4ection of the viceddmmm No participant Newly eleded Steering Committee members from righ. .. volunteered for this position. Stephen Yakubu-Atar left (Secretary, Chairman. Vice-Chairman, 4th member). Far left, WASNET Coordinator. from the private sector of N i a w as proposed and unanimously elected as vi&man of the SC. Election of the secretarg. Only one personvolunteered Ministry of Agriculture requested Abba Dieme, Head In the absence of any objection, Akoudtd-G5 Budmer of the Seed Unit to officiate at the closing. from the publicsector ofNigerwas unanimously elected The 2nd General Meeting was actually closed late in as the secretary of WASNET the evening by Abba Dieme, Chairman of the SC of Election of the fourth member. Therewas no volunteer WASNET, representing the MinisterofAgticulture and for thin position. Only one candidate was proposed Hydraulic. In the absence of any objection, Paaick Adingtingah The final report of the 2nd General MeetingofWASNET Apdah from the private sector of Ghana was elected as was read out by tlkoudtd Buckner, Secretaq of the SC. the f o d m ember of the SC. The following are the recomrnendarions: The General Meeting recommends that each Venue and date of the next Geneml Meeting national representative inform the nauonal of W S N n coordinator about the most appropriate After discussion and in accordance with the rules of communication channel through which he would procedure, it was proposed, subject to the consent of the like to be contacted so that the coordinator can Ghanaian authorities, that the third General Meeting handle the matter on individual basis. of WASNET be held in Accra (Ghana) in February The General Meeting recommends that the 2006. technical and fhancial means the network is granted for the purpose of communication should Closing Ceremony of the General Meeting be used as a matter of priority to communicate with the coordination unit as well as with the Minutes of the 5th meeting of the SC private and public adorides of the other Just after their election, the four elected members and wunuies. the ex- officio members of the SC had a wnsultation In seeking information from public and private meeting as indicated by the agenda of the 5th SC national representatives, the General M&ig meeting.The minutes ofprevious sessions of the General recommends that the coordinator keeps on Meeting were considered amended, and adopted. sending reminders until the request is met. Recommendations were drawn up and submitted for In order to ben&t from an effective database on adoption. Avote ofthanks was also proposed during the available seeds, the General Meeting recommends dosing ceremony. AU those documents were adopted as that national representatives foiward information the find report of the second General Meeting. about seed needs (demand) and availability (supply) to the regional coordinator so that rhey Closing ceremony of the 2nd Ge-f Meeting can be circulated to other countcies (to both the In anticipation of a late dosing of the 2nd General public and the private sector), and be published in Meeting of WASNET, the Director of Cabinet of the the network's newsletter. -&m a4 a y r arpa801 dn m a~ TO-u arp 30 ssxnns arp m wgaq a ' s n u . m o b snof~eam o . ~ P U ~ ~ ~ PSW~ I I S F u a 3w SnIrnp n d 0 1 p~uasarda q p spsar amos .puamaldq Sqaq MOU are pue p m l d osp WM s a p w e r arpo 'Moq-MOT uogar arp u! Xusnpu! pees arp jo saaploq 3suaps pue p!ulpaxjo ma m uoperoqenm - q w s q j o ~ (~oxmnpupo * e dn *era :&oJ, -1ew %u?ue~dh !pb po&jo &qma arp Sopmpe - uo@u arp m uownpord p a s poe spaau :samwmwqy rauaq pue 'iuanra%euEm paas @nue no m p p pspeos m n o 3 : $ a u a ~ l n a p g~a ( m d ~ a mp ypp a l S u!lomwd - %ope3p !m p o + r e =dad z p a % ~ ' s a p p p pue s a m p w d s! se PM se rooas sapunm raquraw y we1 paas ~ a y x " a % ~ paas arpjo ~uaurdopap quoumq Supidm! - !samunm %nome nopeado03 Supsooq - s u o p ~ 1u1o d x a p o d ~p a s a~~ m no* 9 m a [ p t S F 3 0h Ol91n, e areda~d - . no+ acp tq sap~~poadas S q s pM I ~zrq me3 Sluep- uuej Pa= pue paas 103 S o p w p o & e aredaq :osq -ma uo* UNWM j0 ayl!mmo3 ~ ~ ! J w s arpjo sueld uopwgpm paas ~ a y q -.a aqr 40 unmr!nq3 aqr Aq sswppw ~~~~~u .71nnZ7~fIf08Lm +W J4?L .suodar pueug acp n! uopnpq soj soreupom ~ ~ ~ ~ V L X ~ G % ~ # O ~ ~ A ~ ' aIrp U01 p"alwJ!un~mm~o3 ~ aq~ m~ s~ y"~01N ~ 3 3 0 I '3!p=pd~ uopnqmum p o l arp x q pa pnammo3ar os@ pue arwpu!* 30 1a1- arp jo p p q u o ama!a s mq 'I~MMOH. uo!sryum Xue p!o~e 01 apro 7 e q w dq paJ=!pp - qgads %FOP arp '&m!I lroda arp mog merprpy aq 1Spnq alaldmmu! rpns lerp spuammoxa S u g a a p~ a u 9 a u T J O m N@ Palm% q d Pm P SW W y ~ n jxoua wdap ~ 3 u e u ayt p dq p w d d e ~ s a ~ a r p j o @ram3p nz arpjo uou+o pue 1 0 U Sem ' 2 l F r p 'PUE Sp!AUX qLwdb,laAO3 uo!medardacp+p auedw!wd arp ol hgm!dsoq pue IOU p p 1 01mpom arp Lq pauasad laspnq a- . uoddns nacp ~ of lja u a ~ j oal doad a l o v a rp a 'mtp FaP!mm +no* pue sap!rotpnE =$ua~ acp 01 J , ~ W A aq qun uopeupoo3 @no!%= arp 10 .ooreupom jo r o l m p o o ~a)r p dq pear sem q m p 3 0 aim a u p u o p a rp arp!a Smsn uopnq!q p q m a ~ a p .~ablduJJ? q 'vm rpw iq sap~q!sod1 mp pue ' q a acp uo alqqpx s! uenum smjo suual arp cppuIJu03 due p ! ~ anss! MU e se uoos se sm%qm arp p r m ~ 01 J a F O m paypep aq (-3 %' op=n P D 3 LppemnrxE rommpom arp lecp spuaunumr 'womi~pjo~ o 'aana!unuo C) S u p s ) T rowau S U ~ PNm 3a F m al-U %.LXNWA acp jo d osn ap arp sp-e-sp sap~q~suodsar s;oleupom p u o w a rp mrp s p u a u n u a o s 11~ . =par leu op Karp 1etp q d m m a ldoad lLnem sv . ..oo13as p s m p d p ue q q n d uxvzi~wmoc~p) ~ u a a q u o!weralm a m t p y 01 q u o m auo uopmpsum u! anss! arp au- ro leupoo~) gsngssa Xppmb w nopepom p a s p u o p X ue arp =v spuam- S U ? WP U a 3 a rp 1"Orp" sa!nuno3 arp sa%m % o p q qp u a 3 a n . 'ar~~aray.pJa, Jap!nrm aq ppogs sayunm . x p u optupom p o @ u arp mgv ptq 01 dppaqmamjo uo!suaxa arp " p89?rFsa aq S u o q d p m P s uo ' T w U a M13Wm03 e % ~E IqN W A asegsv e 1 qsp uaunu03aJ Z n p a a ~p a u w a q ~. WASNET News 13 The activitieswill be pursued thanks mainly to our own fake seeds and which faciitates the import effom and to the various forms of wistance h c h i c a l , and export of quality seed scientific, and financial) received &m the donors. The meeting on the harmonization of seed rules and In funue programs, emphasis should be laid on the legtlations in the UEMOA member wuntries which private sector which should be reor+ in most took place here in Novotel three weeks ago was a of our countries where seed mul~~licatiohn e r s a s step forward to establish a common seed legislation well as seed related gmupings and assodations ate left framework for the region and to enhance regional to themselves. Indeed, the private sector with its kingly inqption. role should aLFo receive the same attention. A quality aspect was the integration of the private sector in this important meeting and also indicated the importance and the role of the private seed sector in Speech of the Team Leader of the West this subject. Africa Seed Project Looking at the new policies ofthe donors, which are now moving from the subsistence logic to commercial logic, what it means is that donors will put more emphasis After the meeting in Ghana in 1999, the meeting in on agribusiness and on market oriented agriculture in Ouagadougouin 2000, the General Assembly in Banjul developing countries. and the strategic planning workshop in Ghana, this is In consequence, the role of the private sector in the fifth milestone in tenns of meetings in the five-year agricultural development has to be seen &m a new history 0fWMNET. and innovative perspective. This assembly will be an opportunity to reinforce the The question: What are the implications and challenges cooperation between member counties and m strengthen for the development of WASNET with w d m the the use of complementary and synergetic effects between new policies of the donors? and within the countries of West Aftica and to use the A complete reorientation from the public to the private wllecdve experience of all member counaies to enhance the development of the seed sector in West Afiica sector? No. But WASNET has m position itself and become more Furthermore, it will be a waunon learning platfbrm. visible in the new Framework, which means: I am pleased to see that the number of participants/ Suengthening its position in the area of regional representatives fmm the private sector, especially the integration, for example, common framework representatives ofnational seed associations in WMNET for seed trade in West &ica has increased substantially. This reflects the importance Participadng actively to become a driver in the and the role of the pdvare sector in the development of area of the pmmorion of the private seed sector the seed sector in West Africa. Strengthening and fostering regional knowledge management In most West AGcan countries, the pbl ic sector is Looking for support to suengthen the public only providing services in terms of variety release, seed service delivery systems in order to respond to certification, quality con& and rraining, whereas the the demand of the private sector production and marketing of quality seed is completely Lobbying on the political level confined to the pdvate sectoc Building strategic alliances with organizations The seed sector in West Africa is still young and and other projects working in the same field has to srmggle with a lot of constraints such as: (Remark: not only exchanging information, ocganimtion of the seed market on national and eIaboration.of memorandum of understan&& regional level To become a champion or at least a recognized competition with international seed companies driving force in the area concerning seed discovering the West African market Defining the added value to be a member of organization of seed associations and buildin.g. up WASNET, otherwise members will not engage viable private seed companies themselves in WASNET lack of appropriate processing equipment * Elaboration of a vision and a mission, which absence of a legal framework like seed laws will amact donon and has to be proven by a which pmtxt them against dealers selling terrain impact SI * m w r n 0 3 3 =~~ r p ~"faasm 01 p o d o s ?~ q -0s %mopL pqm ~lpas n qyp auq m nef s a p w er o!em poe B a a a sp uopwado amos pue spa1 p o @ pue ' p o p u ihpmmo> 1e S;~JOMWU arp se qmw se rq a w q o a q lou plnm S@pa1= &lpue1d pm spaas30 U O F S S r P a p v P W 11 .&oqme p o n m p y a! rapm J,XNW&, pa~eld uonmqdppm S S 19~ s a r pl sa110 paaano~d 'IOOZ =ms seq mwmo3' =~-d?v pne d L X N W V S 'HNOXd 'N'VHWXL4 '*a) Vowau warp u-q poe 'ssaqmam a! Buoare uonenncyu!jo p w sva[ord asarp jo X u q q p%umu JO q pedwped Sumpa poe uopmpsum %pm!py r q e wrq a~ ~ I O M I ~ pUn e sua[wd sno? # n o q ~ p q 01 ? r.p !.v =ep- @ m ~ T U "Q! f4 pap!"3 4+ p p a * swuapadxa q j o& W A ~ q m a ~ TI"^ m .uo+ aaepnem ~ 3mo3 U! sla umd WN woq m!?w s m o s a r m y spa m y a~ q s a l w p ~ m o m ~ d ~ S q n s 3q0 Pue lerams m =NP* UYW %py s a h p p ro!em arp jo auo su!erna~p tp mama%P%ual naum mo sua!wd asarp. %pwaxa UI .sdmsaumd rows aqrd-sqqnd % u r np oe srampwd ' h p n p w d p u p @ j o luamanoldm! arp m pear jo aueuodv . pue alw arp uo anyuedxa lou s p ua u o o x h ~ ~papasejo a - sapnpm 4!maujo rn ~IIJ warpnos m vafwd spooqp~yar p pue - 3 ~ ~seaquoum va!ord q we a pnpm s a l d m q-~tp ewdde q r p Xlypomm nq e asn 01 sn MF xeq, MOU amfwd p a d s ~ a % pqJn w olm %qo8 are a& VJJJ 1~ ~&Qpne O%UQ aa u! %u% Xpmp s! d o y l e d arp 1- a p q a u -E ana!m mns!sar jo s p p m % puqdjo uopnqInsrp p m uopwqdppw 'SlOvaS X!SSem pX1MU! 33Jlll3S 1E PEP I! Se hull03 amud pue qqnd arp q sapua% re nam se sva!wd pue Xp U! % S- p a l a%ullq3 - aQ V p ! 01 a3mp c ~ ~%uo~nmpaEU! mu um ap rarpo 01 alenbape a 9 l a% IOU saop ep*jo mo peards seq I E ~sI s p %.rpnpm sap- ~ w a jou u opmxa l?fs9nns 3pom m e w a v;o lwym%upmmpa rp mp amsua a uoga agdmaa~de Xpuamu ? any ' z u a ! ~u T VOElIN SKA yl? Vw 01 an*Um II" VUI -~&u\Ip ue o 8 ua~a m a w ~ u a ~ 0o1 adsuo dsar .sno!mws~p mo q rpeo~ddeq oeg q sapa~gap aas &ua%ama se p SE :sp~~qXeyu eneq pne uado p m m o uynfeur p a hl eq, ~ s n In I U Q ~ Z Ue qo~S!s mq 30 uondope pue pmds prdw qoo1 01 pue J,~NSFU! ~aAp w %u!aq ml%ard d b a e arp l e ~ l s! a~~ j solm d nrarll~oum sana!mA a- 01 l t p ~ ~ o dmdyolo ne sn -30 K ~ q ~n up luae~~a~~oql ihmp30 Iuadoldap ayl apnlDm asarp 30 ~ u oapsar p u! ssmns 01 luwodm! said- ~ u a -qssa ~erlpap ew-uem pue p e u m og are spa1 FO@I pue puopeu arp le a~-qnmpa- an3ar z u a h so; paau arp so sa%aoqsp oo; luamua~ a1qe are a~lroddnasr p pne qroauau ~ 3sraq0maw re Slqssarppe jo sueam e se pue sdon ;o ~ u a r n a ~ w d q m u a u n ~ mpo s ladmo - ~ + $ q oa rpjo anamaaappe ~pauaSm mmpe jo mjsuen ayl so; ap3aA e se S p m qJ OMlaU aylj0 sapp!lX -30 UOU-30 'alepnem sym %mxa m xomy pp!n e s! paas m u a g m p arp m sag a%oal~erp a y .u~o$ =qns mo q armp@ 30 mms a v o 1 lua-d &A p a a~!suagardmma re ~ m ~ ds abv [~q oo arp 'suadsar asarp q 01uauru9ua& god apnpum e rppi paldnm 'mon+o paas pm ~ovaasl mpd arpjo ~ u a q w snorras q say JOXW paas r w q p e j oh ~qepmra-%uor lerp p+om rar~mqf 11 -uon!sudwd lpgpe lp S! sdon pooj aldms;o spaas jo a y d p m r e m o p S'TOVOP @UOpeTLla3U! JO P'O* 'pUO!lEU WOy jo Xnew roj u a m q m p ~ ~ w smj o w r p ~ u o w Jarpra %~Fpuo~nJw r q 7001 a aheq =qrna=J e m Sunwado an am lerp pyp? aq o~ ppoqs a~ L ~ W Ap 'a~qmqsnsa m- 01 rapro u! mq 'du!up~p ue LRNWA 30 uopeupoo~ar p uoddns TOXW paas arp jo h ~ q e !p~m a n pa a ~ q a ~ 01 anTum 2.~3m d p alroddnr 7 ~ , 3ar p q arp uo mdm! X p n A u u ~ t aprp JO s u a d a s mrpo q s a m q e a -~u o g m pp ue &lpqmu 01 uomnpord =om T PFoqs Pue s! L3NWA1 7P amsaq 01 11 wog qmpe m q q p wa se mq uopqoq m IOU ~0-s 'SIaqWJUI arp Lq LgNSVAJO drnSJauMo;o paas arp aas 01 paau arpj o sn pupa3 asp asarp 'ra-OH ~uawdopaparppuesnqwaw~ X q u o ~ a d o o 3 a ~ s u a r ~ '1!pa%~pueeueq3q m m r q s e (%a suafwdp uoperr ue Kq dplo aq us s q d~p o aau!unum -1s "!em? sa+w asarpjo nopqddejo saldmexa I-J arp Xq so roleupocn arp Xq pam~rpea q l o r n % WASNET News 13 I am convinced that such anchorage has positively The subregional integration of the seed sector was impacted on the life of the network and will kilitate perceived as a strategic thrust. Our States are, therefore, its opening to other countries of the subregion. under the obligation to favor such integration as part of their food security and poverty alleviation objective. The mandate crops of the network feature among the priorities of CORAFNECARD which, after In the fke of these requirements, attempts at several consultations with its &rent players, retained modernizing and intensifying our agriculture should go biotechnology as one of its main fields of cooperation. through massive and gradual recourse to, among other In order to identify priority collaborative mearch actions factors, high yielding planting marerial ifwe are at all to with respect to modem biotechnology for our region, hope achieve an increase in our respective productions. CORAFIWECARD has just launched in this month T h d r e , in addition to the need to upgrade existing of February a biotechnology and biosafety planning research facilities and develop new ones for a proper process. Given the role of seeds among yield enhancing guidance and conml of the germplasm r e n d and modem technologies, your network will have a big part improvement process, it would be appropriate to to play in a process we want as participatory as possible. establish a legal and regulatory framework m give a As a result, CORAFNECARD place a high hope in feeling of security to the farmer and the consumer in your conclusions on agenda items such as the outcome the fields of seed production, control and cedication of the regional tasks assigned to each country and the ex&ange of national experiences on achievements in The Senegalese Government keeps a dose watch on both the public and the private sectors. those issues ofparamount importance to its agricultural economy and highly values the need to organize and I wish to reiterate our thanks to the German Government regulate the seed sector, and particularly to deal with for its continued technical and financial support to the aspects relating to seed control and cerrif~catioaI t network. My sincere thanks aka go to IITA, the main cannot do otherwise as it is determined m improve scientific partner of the network productivity and increase rural incomes as part of its poverty alleviation suategg. Having come up with the Projet des Services Agricoles Speech by the Director of Cabinet et d'Appui aux Organisations de Producteurs (F'SAOP) of the Ministry of Agriculture and (Agricultural service and growers' organizations Hydraulic support project), the government, as part of its seed M. sector resaucturing program, focused its &om on Ornor Top the establishment of a multidisciplinary think-rank I thank you for choosing our country to host your involving various partners mandated to reflect on the General Meeting and assure you of our full availsbility best ways to manage the seed sector. The group has for any seed related matters. already proposed a set of ideas on ways and means to rebuild the seed stocks of all the plant species cultivated I agree with you that WASNET deserves special attention in Senegal and to renew the national varietal catalog considering the role it can play in respect of seed policies across species. in thesubregion. Indeed, the harmonization of national seed policies under the global auspices of the African In order m enrich the lauer and meet an ever increasing Union is a burning issue, and I have no doubt that your demand for improved varieties that are adapted to the Dakar meetingwill come up with subregionally oriented countds ecophysiographic conditions, Senegal will solutions open up to ongoing experiments in the region and I amvery confident in making this statement, especially imprgve its results in that area. as current trends in international aade urge us to bewme Ladies and gentlemen, your General Meeting has a more compedrive by exploiting m the maximum our number ofmpical issues onits agenda. It is my conviction production potendas while ~mervingth e environment. that over the next four days, high calibre discussions and Likewise, the main challenge for us in the subregion, is exchanges will enable you to make recommendations for how to supply our farmers with enough good quality harmonized seed policies within the global ECOWAS's seed at any time The withdrawal of our governments fmnework with a view to achieving sustainable from the input supply business has left a vacuum that agricultural development. Before I conclude, I wish to private operators should fill if they are granted relevant extend my most s p e d thanks to GTZ for its financial incentive and opportunities. support towards this general me* . a3- alqmam m X oi rujo popad r 103 "dm p m p $ e sayro p q a ar e nmma p u o p a~yr fo slaqmam a u - pue spaas uo saseq - a 9 p n q w s I! alqeua .=aqmam 51 "w-p 01 ~100S1u pndmcn y r p u opqosse ayr dmba OJ. . =om 1ou3o psodmcn q nmmg p u o p e ~a q . - :(wAO3x $iqwasse pamB YO= 'SSII~)u o+~qnsayr m pne Mn ! r epa1a rg Br?puaue s n q w m ayr jo iOuo!em apen pue uopnpwd paas a ~ w p e0f1 a p ~uo! a ~ d qasy r le pamp aq p q s nmmg ~ u o paeq .~ - xoms paas ayr U! p a q o ~ yaa m~edp uop~?~ .~~~uy f W J 4 lI -VNJYJ pue Puoneu ayr spre~osfu o!ue a l y F O J, . !S.'aqaram 01 uopeuuojn! a1 - OJ. . uonepomv ayr 30 rnap;sad :sIap10yqws pees p u o p e u a l ~pu e a@q P F V s ! s!~lqmaWp auaf) - 3% PO- ayr p % o m uopw!unmurcn 1aq.q o& . - ~ nnpa y :paas b!Pb ++I p ~ d oyfi snqmam Bupo~jo46 52 jo am ayrjo uo~omwday r 01 a n q w c n o& . rg"h m o n b s q UISOJ p q s X 1qmassv a u - :(uoo""q!w P a -uo?sssa rp 01 loud 'uownpwd 'uopw!~dppur 'uopps) gqq SLT OE 1 ~ ~IE2 m1 uapFd ayr Lq p a m u m U! X l l m p p~a s ayr 30 Xlo~ua~u!e qw OJ. . q pue dd ram uo!ssas re+ e sploq 11 - sa+sa!qo 'anp spyr p ~ d 3-9 pue dmsaquram re+ e ~ p pmq uoywnpo~dp m p ~ $ J ~ %oq snqaram ayr IF30 4q- ayr ? - 11 B u s o ~ d q01 mp e q ~mp1o aplorls paas p j o 4 9 ~ ~ -34L1 ~ 3~u- 3 pu e uopqm%o aqI 01 anqmuo:, o~ . !Xnsn~U! paas q e y y a yrjo SUanIm ayr ~uamda0r 1 . :aJuayadxa (938) -a Fm03ao wsser3 pue uonernroju!3o % m y w 1 03 se n a ~ (13) aan!-Q Po? se 'SuOpEl~nsur~o j IIlnSOj E SE aNaS O L . Cas)~~apuo*-d .a 6 3 ) = ! m w panP!==ds . alDpuDW (m)3 an-Q a''n'-T4 (NQ)n eamg ~ u o p e u . .noneposse pp!~ode pue sno@p-uou 'lyosd-uou e s ! W \ I ~ S ~ >re sapoq a~-axa a u ' ~ y y j qo q n d a a~ q u~! suo!~enosse * u ~ v ~aV~ ? h~m*aW p au%a u 8uySlJqQ~a6 561 gUem 8ZJO 33d/IP .N-l3pTO vp : w n O J SE ~ ~ ~ U I S! WWS S ~ a Ju=po=e T EOOZ h - l q a a EZ uo pans? - INa u0!+Dz!uD6- 1 6 r 3 u0 L W 1 IZIO Wumu uopmnfaar sJI 'EOOZ o nuamulaAo-3 p. g pue + m e l d ~ n u n o j3o Lnspp~ap IE uado parepap @pgo re~L~qmsaseu Sap!] L "pm ~ dQ psF6 1 30 a m p w d j os ap Lq pauamalddns pue .sap!l 11 apun TY'oYT- ~ padnod are pue OE are u o p ~ s s e j soa pye S , W S ~ U! zooz Iaqma3aa VZ uo LT~URSmSaEm psuo:, n! anpasad play ( ~ s w W) 3 O UopenoSVp asp UonENa U jo s a p pun uopqsossr, jo sals!vv uo!+~u!urouaa alaquraa how ~ s s l.w ( r a 6 1p~u n IIDW) sau+unoD raqwaw 1 1 ~ UI sSUO~•I +D.I ~~OS S~p aas IDUOI+DN WASNET News 13 - Upon request by the President, the Executive The Executive Committee Committee shall convene a meeting o f the National - At the request o f t he President, the Secretary Bureau at least once every 4 months, i.e., thrice every General shall call a meeting o f the Executive year. The members o f t he bureau are informed at Commiuee at least once every other year. least 15 days prior to the date set for the meeting. - Members are informed 10 days prior to the 213 o f the members o f t he bureau shall form the meeting. quonun. - The meetings are chaired by the President or, in - The meeting o f t he bureau is chaired by the hi absence, by the Secretaty General. President o ft he association, or by the Secretary - % o fm embers o f t he Executive Committee shall General in the absence o f t he former. form the quorum. ASSEMA members N' Name Location TeUFax, T L P o~f acmihl Type of address E-mail membership 1 lssa Mory Dembelel Bamako TeWax:(223) 221 36 43; Sales of agrlc inputs Corporate ComptoiROOO B.P. 2336 cen. 675 29 73 Seed production and Avenue I'Artois E-mail: (rrmotoiROOO@- dat distribution Porte 443. Comm.2 atech.toolnet.org 2 Lassine SidibW Bamako Tel : (223) 228 67 81; AOPP gathers over 100 Corporate AOPP KalabanCoura Cell. 646 65 26 professionalf armer- E-mail : associations many of aopp@cefib.com which are seed producers 3 TiBcwraTmor6. Bamako, Tel:(223 4 221 93 93 ~ g r i icnp uts distributor IndiNidual Directeur Commercial a Bagadadgi, rue Titl Fax :(22 ) 221 67 38 and professional seed TOGUNA- SARL rle N346. Cell. 648 26 75 producer1d istributor !E2%8 E ma i l : tstbaco@yahm.fr 4 Clement Dembel6 Bamako, Tel:(223) 229 33 01 Lawyer Hamdallaye. imm. Cell: 674 50 36 ABKl Bureau 208 B.RE 999 5 Abdoulaye Tour6 IONG Kalaba~xlropl ateau Tei: (223) 648 82 80 Trainer of farmers in an B.PZ921 Bamako NGO 6 Koudedia Syilal ONG- Bamako, Tel: (223) 223 69 99 Socioarlturala nimation ANCNE Badaiabougou of women's associations SEMA. (vegetable farming. B.P.2921 Bamako vegetable seed Frodu ec'hn.ct lqu ion, consewation es, etc.) 7 Mahamadou B a s s i i Bamako, Tel: (223) 223 51 79 Trainer, genetic resource TraoM ANCFE Badalabougw specialist B.P. 2921 (supervisor of forestry1 vegetable seeds production etc.) d Mahamane Moussa Bamako Tel: (223) 220 50 80 Seed farmer (rice, maize, MaTga Faladie SEMA Cell. 645 55 70 mikt-sorghum, mwpea etc.) Corporate 9 Bakary F O F W Bamako Tek(2234 221 18 80 Seed importation/ TropicaSemMAU Quimambougou Fax:(22 ) 221 18 98 tiffitributionC ompany SARL Rue 56Bporte 108 E-mailfofanal68@yahm.fr (mainly B.P. E3789 Vegetable seeds). Comorate 10 Fousseyni SANOGOI Sikasso Tel: (223) 2 620 545 Seed distributor KENE- AGRI March6 de Medine 11 La Sikassoise Sikasso Tel: (223) 2 620 158 Irish potato seed im orterl Corpor* t i ibu tor (supplies R e Ceil: 678 75 93 whole of Mali). WASNET News 13 The Specallized Committee (CS) - National Directorate of Statistics and Computing - The Specialized Committee is specifically responsible (DNSI) - for the management of a professional category Planning and Statistics Unit of MAEP of the seed indusuy (iport-export, production, - Department of Meteorology distribution etc) - Agriculd Market Observatoty (OMA) - The Regional Branch represents the acson'ation - Malian Shippers' Council at rhe h e 1o f the adminimatiue region (SR). - A-iuak=n ationalpartners The Local Committee (CL)i s the representative - Soci6d Ginkrale de Surveillance (COTECNA) body at the prefecture's level. - - Agricultural Inputs Traders' Network of Mali The ~ O O CoDmmu nal Bureau PCB) (ORIAM) represents the association at the rural - Association of Professional Farmer-Organizations commune. (AOPP) - SG-2000 Fields of intervention of members - Winrock- International Our members w e r the following areas: - Action Agro-Allemande a. Production (maize, rice, millet-sorghum, - CCA-ONG cowpea, etc.) - SECO-ONG b. Distribution after imporration of packaged - Farm Produce Board of Mali (OPAM) vegetable crops and Irish potatoes. - National Bank ofAgricultural Development c. Distribution after production or spot ~urchase (BNDA) mainly of dry crops, rice, legumes, etc. - Micro-finance srmcrures - Seed producers, importers, exporters and Partnership distributors of Mali National partnersf;om the public sector Regional and internationalpartners - Direction Nationale de I'Appui au Monde Rural - Multiheral and international institutions (based in (DNAh.IR) Mali) - National Seed Service (SSN) - FA0 - Seed ~abdra to(rL~A BOSEM) - UNDP - CMDT - World Bank - Niger river Board - Global Environmental Fund (GBE) - Segou Rice Board - European Development Fund (EDF) - Mopti Rice Board - IFDC - Rural Development Authority of S6lingue - ICRISATnCRAFT (ODRS) - WARDA - Upper Niger Valley Authority (OHVN) - CILSS - Rural Polytechnic Insrimte (IPR) - African Statistics (AFRISTAT) - Baguineda Irrigated Iands Authority - Bilateral Cooperation organizations (based - Permanent Assembly of Chambers ofAgriculture in Mali) of Mali (APECAM) - German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) - Instimte of Rural Economics (IER) - German Development Service (DED) - Rural Development and Equipment (DNAR) - French Cooperation - Regulation and Control General Office (DGRC) - Norwegian Church - National Wddlife Directorate (DNCN) - Canadian International Development Agency - Department of International Cooperation (CIDA) (Ministry of Foreign Af&s) - Dutchvolunteers Service (SNV) - Customs Head Office - Member countries of CILSS - National Trade and Competition Department - Member countries of WAEMU - The Malian Inland Revenue Department - Member countries of ECOWAS - Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Mali - WASNET (CCIM) - AFSTA etc. WASNET News 13 Constraints or challenges Provision of incentives for ASSEMA members. ASSEMA is faced with the following constraints: Existence of cooperatives, seed grower associations affdiated to APCAM (Permanent Assembly of Lack of experience on the part of its leaders Chambers ofAgriculture of Mali). in the management of associations, financial Sound collaboration between ASSEMA and the management, and seed legislation. National Seed Service on the one hand, Inadequate training for its members in seed and between ASSEMA and the other technical production, protection, conservation, and s e ~ c eosf the Deparunent of Agriculture, marketing. Livestock and Fisheries of Mali on the other hand. Lack of reliable statistics on the actors of the seed Commitment of some international and sector in Mali (farmers, distributors, NGOs and regional partners alongside ASSEMA (GTZ, others). WASNET, IFDC, erc.). Absence of a decree enforcing the Seed Legislacion Involvement by SSN ofASSEMA in forums Act n" 951052A.N.RM of 12 June 95 of the Republic so far organised by PAFISEM. of Mali governing both animal and plant species. Existence of a bid to help in the development Absence of a variety release committee. of a legislative and regulatory framework in Inadequate equipment at the National Seed keeping with regional and subregional Laboratory of Sotuba for plant health analyses, regulatory measures pertaining to seed which limits seed exports. production and distribution. Seed distribution channels for major crops still Stepping up government withdrawal in controlled by the public sector. favour of associations, cooperatives and Considerable government involvement in the private institutions for the purpose of seed pricing of locally produced seeds. production and distribution within the Highly limited supply of breeder and foundation framework of PAFISEM. seeds destined to farmers. ASSEMA to join AFSTA and WASNET. Lack of a clearly defined framework for handing over seed distribution to the private sector under Conclusion PAFISEM (Seed Sector Support Project), lack of At the conclusion of its launching workshop held on details of implementation, as weU as standards, criteria, and clear regulation techniques for seed 17 and 18 December 2003, ASSEMA undertook to publicise its mission and vision in terms of production marketing. and marketing of improved seeds, and to establish Continuous threat of weather hazards in the smooth pamership bonds with governmental production of dry crop seeds in general, and in institutions, NGOs, networks, farmers' organizations uncontrolled waterfed growing conditions. and donors for the development of the seed sector in High costs of logistics due to long distances between Mali. major seed and distribution centers, which limits establishment efforts by ASSEMA. In close collaboration wlth its partners, ASSEMA Difficulty in promoting improved seeds of some intends to get recognition as one of the most privileged less profitable dry crop (millet-sorghum etc.). partners of the seed sector by taking active part in the fine-tuning of regulations and in finding solutions to Future prospects the problems raisedlater in this paper. ASSEMA would Shmt-, medium-, and long-term plans of action like to M y p lay its role within seed related regional and were drafted by ASSEMA in collaboration with international bodies. all the national (public and private), international and regional partners during its GTZ-funded launching workshop in December 2003. WASNET News 13 Association of Private Seed Growers of Niger (APPSN) Name Field of intervention Our association is officially known as: L'Association APPSN is active in the production and marketing of de Producteurs Priv.5 de Semences du Niger (APPSN) planting materials of food crops such as millet, maize, (Association of Private Seed Growers of Mali). APPSN sorghum, and cash crops like groundnut, cowpea, was established in 1999 as the first ever countrywide sesame, sedge, and sorrel. Total production amounts to seed related association by its founding members, most 5 500 tomes of seeds of cereals, 1 117 tonnes of which of whom are ag r i cu l~aslc ientists conscious of seed were traded between 1999 and 2002. related issues. Partnership The initiative was taken under government order No8 4- 066 dated 1st March 1984, governing associations, and National kvel enforcement decree no 84-49 of 1st March 1984. The - The Government of Niger bas been the major association was authorised by order no 0172/MI/AT/ partner and client ofAPPSN throug-h various DGAPJ of 14 May 2001. forms of unconditional support. It buys seeds from APPSN and distributes them freely to APPSN is a non-political and non-profit institution. farmers in urgent need. Mandate and obiectives - INRAN supilies M1 and M2 seeds. a. Contribute to food;ecurity by developing - cultural The agropastoral exports promotion project fund practices and plant products that are likely to 3 subprograms: cowpea, sesame and sedge on 10 800 increase agricultural production. hecta~eso, ver a period of three years with APPSN b. Help to improve seed production, packaging and involvement since the cropping season of 2002. distribution in Niger; - Improved seed consumers in Niger, mainly c. Pmicipate in a proper organization of the seed farmers, retail-buy seeds early in the growing sector in Niger by protecting its members as season. well as the users of improved seeds. - Nongovernmental development organizations which buy our seeds for on-farm demonstrations. Organizational strategies Rep.onal level APPSN conducts its business in keeping with its Articles - APPSN became a member ofAFSTA in 2002; ofAssociation and by-laws. Its meetings are called by its - ICNSAT assists APPSN in technical training. president, or 213 of the members of theExecutive Bureau. A minutes signed by the president is produced at the International level end of each meeting. Decisions are taken unanimously - The German technical cooperation, GTZ, through or, failing that, by secret ballot at a simple majority. the Project on the Promotion of seed production The Executive Bureau is composed of nine members. and marketing in West Africa, is the main APPSN A permanent secretary takes care of the day-today partner as its support covers different areas such as: running of affairs under the guidance of the Executive training, study tours, sponsoring of pa~dpan ttso Bureau. regional workshops etc. - The European Union whose support enabled the Membership development of a vast program on the seed sector Membership ofAPPSN is open to any corporate body or in N i g e ~ natural person of age, enjoying civil rights regardless of race, religion, ideological or philosophical convictions, Constraints/Challenges and who is motivated by a spirit of voluntary service and The biggest challenge for APPSN was the initiative stands by the objectives and Statutes of the Association. by its founding members to put in place Manoma or The Association is composed of 1500 members divided "Farmers", a CFAF 85 million limited company to into founding members, honorary members as well as not only back up the seed sector but also to provide female and male groupings engaged in agriculture, trade, services in terms of agricultural inputs, chemicals, and education, finance, etc. equipment. WASNET News 13 Trade of Biotech Products in Africa: Requirements of Biosafety Protocols Presented during the AFSTA 2004 Congress in Tunisia Enock Chikava Introduction Global status of biotech products in Afiica is faced with the twin demons of: 2003 Declining agricultural production, in the The global area of transgenic crops continued to grow face of rising population and, for the 7th consecutive year at a sustained double-digit Poor systems to ficilitate trade, often necessitated growth rate of 15% compared to 12% in 2002. The by disasters like droughtlfloods, wars, diseases, esdmated global area of biotech crops for 2003 was 67.7 million hectares. The 67.7 million hectares of biotech and P W . crops in 2003, i.e, 167 million acres was grown by 7 The World Food Program (WFP) recently reported million farmers in 18 countries, an increase from 6 that the number of people suffering from malnutrition million farmers in 16 countries in 2002. increased by 25 million from 815 to 840 million. The most compelling case for biotechnology is its capability During the eight-year period 19962003, global to contribute to: area of biote&krops increased 40-fold from 1.7million hectares in 1996 to 67.7 million hectares in 2003, Increase crop productivity and thus contribute with an incr+ming propomon grown by developing to global food, feed, and fibre security. Conse~n-e countries. b.i odiversity as a land-savim- technology capable of higher Gmwth cothnued in all b u r commercial More efhcient use of external inputs for a biotech cmps more sustainable agriculture and environment. Soybeans 41.4 m ha 61% of global biotech area. Increase stabiity of production to lessen 'C Maize 17.5 m ha 23% sdering during famines due to abiotic and Cotton 7.&? m ha 11% ', biotic stresses. Canola 3.6 m ha 5% ,, I Improve the economic and social benefits and I alleviation of powmy in developing countries, Gmwrh by hoir type the majority of which are in Africa. Herbicide tolerance 73% (49.7 m ha) [sybeam, Africa is in a better position in the area of biorrchnology maize, canoka, comn]. in that the innovators, US, the keen followers, Asii Insect toleran& 18% (12.2 m ha) [mkc,om n] and the laggards, Europe have set enough platforms, Stacked gene 8% (5.8 m ha) [mk,c otton] p r o t o ~ lge~n erared debate, accumulated data, and The global market value of biotah crops is estimated to information which can all be harnessed to craft effective be $4.5-4.75 b and is projected to be $5b in 2005. and efficient biosafety protocols to facilitate biotech products development, testing, commercialization, and Future prospect of biotech crops rrade within and without the African continent Despite the ongoing debate in Europe r@g trade in This paper dis- the global uade and uends biotech prcducts, there is cause for cautious optimism in biotech pnoducts, the current status of biotech that global area and number of farmers planting biotech pro& adoption in Africa and some recommendations crops will continue to grow in 2004 and beyond. Outlook on the development of b i d t y protocols for for the next 5 years points to continued growth to Africa and the implications on trade of biotech products approximately 100 million hectares with up to 10 million for Africa. farmers growing biotech crops in over 25 counuies. WASNET News 13 infstacions and overlapping genedons of insectpests. Xeld gains in fiwr of biotech crops are significandy higher in % terms. Seed incorporated technology is more appropriaoe for smallholder African h r sbe cause it does not require equipment, lmowkdge and information, like the application of pgdcides and irm!Cticides. Given that maize is used more for food and that mycotoxin levels are higher in Africa, the use of biotech maize to lower x myu)toXiLls is Important. Globalp; the challenge is how m manage the expansion Improved productivity would divers* impact on and deployment of biotech products in a responsible and food and feed securiy, foodlfeed safety; and increased eEective manner so that more countries can benefit from income fiom higher p r o d ~ c t i v i ~ thesignificant advantages that these products ofiwithout inntrriog undue risks. This is also the challenge for Africa, As long as these benefits of biotech pmducts exist, and which is at the verge of e m b e th e technology. some wunmes begin m adopt the technology faster than others and &tea: continue m pounce on the Biotech crop adoption in Africa continent, there is an urgent need to ensure biosafety pmmcoIs are in place to allow local production and C o w the benefits biotech mops deliver to small systems for handling, transporting, and identifying and +scale farmers, the Republic of South Africa biotech products in cases of trans-boundary movements wntinues to embrace biorechnology in a patirive way. of biotech products. Development of biosafety protocols in Africa Africa rakes a lot from US and EU's ongoing debate on trade in biotech pmducts. Concerns about GM foods and feeds started in Europe in late 1990s when new labelling rules were appmved in EU, which 1.ed to the defacto moratorium in 1998. On the other hand, unsegregarion of biotech and The rest of Africa is at d i h n t stages of biosafety conventional products in US heighrened the m'u;mu;t regulation hmulations, establishment of biosafety of the exporn of US maize to EU. This continues to guidelines wich a h already having the biosafety Laws affect trade of maize and other agricultural products in place between EU and US. EXPO* ~ B B B 1069 2000 m01 2002 % Stabx C o d U S t o N change Biosably lms soUlhAMcs,mnbabWe, Egypt, Malawl. MeblotoM 1.56 0.Z 0.01 0.07 0.03 -98% Si-aW Ksnya, Uganda, Niguis, Ghana, Value(m$) 35.3 1.4 8.1 1.8 27 -93% GuldeOnu Burkina Faso, Namibia US expats of maize to the EU: Soune: Pew 20(M Iack of contidence in food regulatory bodies following the mad cow disease, tainted chicken Some of the good reasons why Africa will grow biotech meat in Belgium, and foot and mouth disease mops - Consistent food surplus situation o h ero des Losses due to pests on percentage basis is the urgent need to embrace technology that significantly higher in Africa because of intense boosts pmductivity. 24 spnpw alqadmv 01 saqdmo~1 9p q j o % U p q m mdxa pue po l Lq p a r %~ p u oa~i q ln q s . .* 3!WOUOJa PUe 3'-M laUmSUCn - ~ n s npp ~q q 3 0 i uamdolamp 4 q ~ bo m q . ' u o p w q 30 slgauaq a q a p p 0 1 SramnsoaJ alqena .rrle9J P'Y sapgod p o ! q anppadum pm: mumsum a p u a q a q j o s d mp le smol algepr~8eo pua~ard . a p e ~ ~ , - ~~o~r do u ao pmp ma q m u a nppadw03 -wepdod atpjo uougnu '2upo~dm1 . P- T@adb~ ~ 3F.J. a~adur! Pml T'!V .-?P Pue IW!P smaq ~ I ! W ~ ~ @ E 'sra!ueq apen e - u o u p p e p ne p m q =naps aq puamuoqAua pue r p p q q q n d3 0 uop~a~ord. ppoqs q %p"iu amd IOU aaommd ,snm Lqeso~g .Bo~ompa~~ 3 3 as0n a jes put a~q!suodq . ~]~w~d&&soJ!a q~ d.w.I;ro -uoppdodX paau n!jo ~ p m aqrp '41 P U V q sl? " ' -W arD W" !WA033 -a%q 1e XmouOJa pue h m p t q arp 'hapos '~awnsuw pm: 'm03' 3w ~ma n =p!unmmo3 @no#= 30 1puaq aqa cn Boloqmo!q qq- b p o ! g se 30 uo!un m~ pa^- X~mua rp sapun aarp!a 'Bo~ompao!q %pommd cn vemdde m w - n e d ' X % O ~ O ~ I O T! ~ n !IDUIlDAU! hSllpIl! SalEl!lpea . v -JaJsnen B0l0mpsl pm: *+op are q pue 'nz 'sn X ~ Ma m a rp u! ~ O A auo r p pq edds ppoqs w w % WMOH . u mh~ a q Bulppq +dm Joj Uopmoq~~OsaJ% emwIQ . um spo101d Xyfeo~q' q s a d dpsq seq Bolompa~ .apen Ieuopean1m pue puofdar s a ~ e l p q . arp a m '@ 3p!uq -9 X ~ aMrp ~ owju a.qmp .hg!q!suodsar qmasa pue ainodrw mnsq . .hafesjo sranmsum mnssv . Pue ~TJ~PPa pT a-u Put PATa q 01 .dqslapwl mawuraAof) s a m u o w a . sd~qslarnredp adopap aq m m h pedm p q s ~ ~ d m w ~ e aq 01 sy 103 a p oU I -Bolonrpe~ar p a % m 0 1 s p o ~ a r d bjhmqJa ~mwaduq Xpuag-sasn dopap 01 romapua ppoqs mq 'sso~eueds .a%n* SPrBTINH P a upmar IOU s o p m~ p ! l u ~a xom s! q 'apm ~ o n q m % pp uaumolya .hranod s~a%un>qN OT qm~o!q U! swam m o pa qafionoj 01 IWIJO~UI! S! z! a m jo saw arp y p e 0 1 nonume l e p p e d 8 d e d *asma3 0 'muds nx pue S n arp may mreal aq m m 2 01 v . p q a~rp luaauy 01 paau lou saop m g v I .Snp~oq%ps p Buome lsn.ll p p a . .runpord mu30 m l a ~ ~ m p ma]& Xro~eflav~ o oiu! pa~&;nq . u o p w ~ a h w u.~ %qwtwa ~n.&u mod 8mpqe1 1 9u ondwma . r u a p uawuolpua lo h a p p ooj Xue 8"ppmd .PBseqaJna!=s morpg wnpord q m o ~ squ p % s a a m y p q a . d- . uo IOU pne qsp papuap! pm: n p s y ~ x mupn pold uo pasrwoa . '3[qWOAFiJUIl PIE alqEZiJOMUn . -ipsm ¶I1 . . B o ~ otq~ saojue!np~e ?pen p o p u m m n d n m a . p!d= 01 Bopdepe 30 a~qtdmpn e a ~ q p l a ~. wropnb jo saps p a m m s e 4 ~ ? P Jp-u v ~ v ~ q a / S ~ .m' pm1m~s~ n papp ' q ~ e ~ d d e a m X q a m p ut as&-da~sc paw%tq ue ho pa% . .muomom arp &rplq pm: mnpord *!q po.8v.@ *unu+ljr rpe~o!q 103 d- w d d e n e luauqduq cn sdaas u - uo-03 a'D 4 F P hqea3en P"" %PqeI rDoa -adom3 tq +' P PO9 103 @ ! - o Xrolqn% wuappm saurnsum xcusar 01 @p- =hzqea3en pue%aqq '(3x/8IIIOoz) mo* nopasjo ~ u a u q n h aur p padope seq UOQ- nx T?uaps 9r a F p o!Iod sI m n ~ d vO!q tq lSlWS!IU30 aSnW IOW a v l e v UORON w s p d m nuomom iq, 'spooj p u o ~ u a w wse ajes se q pocy/runpold plo!q q a Iu amssasse 3puaps snwo!$r e B u p w ~ q u o ! y w w ~ w q s uopwpap a~!dsaa . .spuno~2pI g a u o n ua-h pue mum 'D" %Upapu! s! w w p1 g p a m u 0 3 a n p o ! q 01 pasoddo sdnofd asaxam p d s -0 s . WASNET News 13 Formal Seed System in C8te d'lvoire Overview of the seed industry in C6te d91voire M. Paul Sia Introduction and practices causing land and soil deterioration Chte d'Ivoire is one of the 15 countries of West &ca. (burning, overgrazing, overexploitation of tixber). Its main borders are: Burkina Faso and Mali in the The average annual rainfalls is 1300 mm, with the low no& Ghana in the eat; Guinea and Liberia in the levels in the Sudan zone (1200 mm) and the peaks (1600 west; and Atlantic Ocean in the south. mm) in the Guinean zone. W ~ t ha land area of 322463 km2,th e wuntty is in the The relative humidity varies between 15 and 90% inter-tropical zone, with warm and rainy dimate. It is causing damage to the seed storage where less than shared by three agroewlogical zones: 14% is required. - Guinea zone with a dense and humid forest in the The total annual daylight time is 1400 hours in the south and covering 161 120 km2; the perennial south and 2800 hours in the north, with low ~ i e l dof cash crops such as rubber, wwnut, pdm, oil, lowland rice cropping, where 32O to 34" care needed. coffee, and m a tre es are the major crops of the Guinea zone. For the upland rice, the yield decreases by 25% with - Sudan-Guinea zone, (forest-savanna transition poor isolation. zone) in the middle covering 60700 km2;t he Agricultural lands cover 24 190 000 ha, accounting for major farming activities rely on the annual crops 75% of the total wuntty surface, with 9 500 000 ha of and livestodr husbandry. total cultivated land. - Sudan zone, with a humid savanna in the north, and a surface of 100643 km2;an imal husbandry, Agriculture represents the main productive sector of the wuon farming are the main agricultural activities national economy. of this zone. According to the last census, conducted in 1998,15 854 The soils are formalistic with pH 5.5, a poor capacity million inhabitants live in C6te d'Ivoire, out of which of exchange resulring in a low saturation, high risk of 9 million are in rural areas and 902 772 are farmers. Six deficiency in phosphorus, nitrogen and sulphur, and million people work in the agricultural seaor (data fmm acute mineral and deterioration. the census of 1988) Like most tropical soils, the soils in Cate d'Ivoire are The farm burden index (FBI) indicates the increasing mostly fragile and need to be protected against factors proponion of the population supported by the The following table gives the trend of the farm population. Population 1988 1992 1966 2000 2015 Total population 11 234 110 12 941 657 14 943 124 16 967 315 27 527 647 Rural population Farm population Fanners Farm burden index (FBI) S.- BNETD: Bureau National C E W e l ds Woppement 26 WASNET News 13 Crops statistics in 1998. Crops Surface (ha) Production (t) Yield (Vha) Remarks Maln cash cmps Coffee 13 00 000 247 000 0.200 Cocoa 2 000 000 1 100 000 0.55 Palm oil 192 972 273 065 1.42 Coconut Rubber .. . .. - - - 26 000 40 000 15.38 271 429 380 000 crude I.3 8 19 000 108701 (sugar) 8 300 320 1.07 Pineapple 5 000 200 893 40 Bananas 5 600 213 942 38.20 Soybean 3 873 4 387 1.14 Cereal and foages Rice 1 250 667 938 000 (paddy) 0.75 555 000 t of rice are imported Maize 573 000 573 000 1 Other cereals data not available fodder data not available Root and tuber cmps Cassava 423 000 1 692 000 4 Main staple food Yam 730 250 2 921 000 4 Associate. To other crops Cocovam 43 725 349 800 8 Associate. To other crops sweei potato Subhtal Horticulture Vegetable crops High demand Ornamental cmps Subltotal Other cmps Plantain 700 000 14 00 000 Peanut 36 258 145 000 60% associated to other crops Pawpaw data not available Mango 7 000 30 000 Avocado 400 10 000 Cola - 747 000 Passiflore data not available Roucou data not available Perfume plants 05 200 flowers produced by cooper Agrumes 5 000 18 124 manufactured product I SOUPX agriculutre hlrlenne a Paube du b d d h em illhaire Note de p&entation du pmjet saja, janviw 2000 I productive farmers. That means the productive farmers - 71.9% of farmers are illiterate; with an adequate intensification level should provide the - In the majority of the farms, farming practices population with required food. are manual. The intensification should come from the relevant Low level of equipment farm price, farmer organization, search of good selling - 0.95% of farms have a tractor and 4% a car opportunities, farm equipment and inputs. Good - 0.70% have a machine cutter quality seed supply should be the &st element of hm - 0.32% have a motocultor, 80% a sprayer; intensification. - 4.4% of the farms (in the n o d ) use animal The basic features of the farm are: tract, with a total of 100000 oxen and 50000 - Small size: 4 ha (average) ploughs; - - 57% of the farm in the south and 43% in the north; 18% of the farms use ferdlizers, 13% of which - 7.14 people live in the farm, use chemical fertilizers. 4.92% ofwhich are active; The integration of cropping and animal husbandry is - 86.9% of the farms use f d y la bour; usual; 40% of rhe farms practice animal husbandry, - Euming is the main job of 91.8% of farmers which is mostly traditional. WASNET News 13 Marketing and pricing National agricultural research stations haw received In terms of marketing, the price is not established important public support for. by the farmers and their opnhtions. For the major - Equipments (germpkun banks, plant collection cash crop (coffee, coma, cotton) during the past plots) 38 years, the prices are s t a b i i , determined by - Annual operational budgets. the government. Parastatal firms have been provided means m produce Today the prices of the major cash crops are free and seeds and materials. 1 vary according to their supply and demand on the But the State withdraws from any agribusiness internariod market For each of them, there is a operations. proG1onal board including manufacturers, k, organizations, and government representatives, to As d t s , m any aops haw d v e d n ew varied9 that regulate the pricing. are used more or less, depending on the category of crops. The privakwion and the libenltation of the - 100% of cmps use new selected varieties (rubber, agribusiness operations seem to damage the farmers, palm oil, coconut, cotton, sugmanc, tobacco, since all the prices are lower than before. homculnd crops), For food aops, farmer oqgnbtions are not yet - 40% of planting materials of coffee and cocoa are that strong to determine the price. Women made from selected varieties; organizations are very active in the marketing of the - most of the food crops are stiU using the low local staple crops (i.e, cassava, plantain, vegetables). quality seeds and planting materials. For example, only 10% of rice &ms use good quality seed from Agriculture conuibutes 40% to the GNP, 60% m the selected varieties. export uade, employs 67% of working people. That is why the state decided by 1980s afree distribution The average import/export ratio of agricultural products of rice and maize seed, to achieve food self-sdciency. is 20% with the annual impon of rice estimated to 300 Unfommately, the distribution is costly and the OOOt, due to the production deficit channels are not adapted to cowr the needs of all the Public investments in agriculture are decreasiig, from remote farms from the seed pmducing areas. Farms do 93 bi ion FCFA to 68 b i ion FCFA in 1998. The not have adequate quantity of seeds at right b e . private secmr is given many investments oppommities The free seed distribution has not succeeded; the farm in agriculture. The main focus of the agricultural policy ~ieldfso r cereal crops have not increased, even though is bringing the private investment level from 53% in great quantities of seeds are supplied every year. 1993 to 80% in 2000. In 1992 Government cancelled free distribution of Ivorian agriculture is shifdng fmm the traditional model d seeds, the government seed farms reduced their to a more productive one, ~roducingfo r the needs of production capaciv due to the decreasing budget the market. About 90% of the farms produce for sale. allocation; four of them are dosed That is the beginning The farm average annual earning is 41 8 000 FCFA, with of liberalization strategy of the seed sector, previously lower level in the no& (103 000 FCFA) and higher level characterized by a strong public support and a lack of in the south (778 000 FCFA). active private enterprises. Historical background of fhe Ewrian Many h e r s a re aware of high quality seed, but they are not trained to produce good quality seed seed industry Seed programs conducted since 1960s have largely Today, seed industry in Cdte d'Ivoire suffers from lack of: contributed to increased agricultural production - h e r in volvement in on-farm seed production; I - encouragement and public incentives to the Genetically improwd varieties, s e l d b y the National private seed companies to in- in the high A g r i c u l d Resea& Center (NARC)a re providing quality variety dmlopmenr programs for local farmers with seeds and planting material food crops; Many crops have received and use high potential breeds, - availability of foundation seeds w support xed not only from the NARC mtbfls, but also from the and food production progams; International Agriculnd Research Centers @ARC): - operational marketing system for the major food IITA, WARDA. crops; WASNET News 13 The linkages between the dierent elements of the hrorian seed industry and their manpower requirement. woniy one k now cem~edsesd:verjfew:nesdp:io 000-12 000 seed gmwero needed LANADAn~o w m charge of field i n w n 2 govsmmsnt fadories uslng 20 and lsbDratory terting. p e r ma m a hmdim'blg and Themamonly M m wllcessesoon;ndoflW-200 pemsstmmwnkln oenons fa 20 ~ ~ new$ 0 Me seed $boratay. Staffneedrare snough. 10 minimum privste2MO technicians should be ratsllen needed: bainad for Me mall regional i n s p d r n and mng units Mmloll: few agents; more Pri- N W s : XI and wdl omanhed bithe efbdent use of the reed Seed should bs produced Nars: Nations1a gricultural research servlms M A D & Labomre Nalional eAppU au DBvebpF8memAgrlwle Cocoa tree Coconut There are 10 hybrids, producing at three years of age, The hybridation programs have pennimed significant with a potential production of 2-3 dha. With the increases of the yields, r e d i n g 2.7 tlha of w p n h sate w i t h M f rom the agribusynen activities, the against only 1.5 dha for the local cultivars. three clonal collections, with 50 ha each, have been abandoned since 1995. Rubber Some seedlings of rubber tree were imported since Palm oil 1950s by a French rubber company. Since then, with the The hybrid (tenera) with a good potential of 3-4 creation of the Rubber Research Institute, new clones tlha are maintained by the mearch station of M€i n the (20) have been made, with increasing yielding potends south, where millions of seeds are pmduced from 2 to 2.5 dha. every year for local farmers but also for foreign demand -uownpo~d1m 1d raqm 103 s~qmr ( q - sappard ma& uopewoju! arp OM arp % o v uopnpord luyd dm3 p p p r o q r o j m o w s z - .paas h ! p b p o d rnnpard IOU op sraaoef K w v u e l d 3 0 ~ ~-E uopnpwd paas earn pue d j 0 m o p n o 3q mapm E - PaJean . d o r d swJ9 a"!f Poll-3 Pees FP ~ ~ T g e YZa r - uo!sualxa uonmuamalduq Xlrood arp Kq pappord m r e f P U o F 0 1 - safdoloug~a~1 a aurpj o uoue!~dardder ood arp 01 anp uopnpwd paes mqm 103 u o p n o 3 1 - p a s uonepunoj uoum3o uo!las uownpard 1 - 'lepualod uop3npardjo so1 m ~ ~ . ~ omd t qtp y 'PI uownpord aueld mu mm sq u o p n m p a w I - m q arp uo p a n p X110od are slpsar r p m a % uopmpord ~ ~ A O aIq ~01 Fsd on a ~ q w % ~ p u a m S npmld emm sq m o p n m @"!=A £ - ~ oa vls o3 100d ~ n a ludeu odq ue s! a r a 3~um 1 'Pownpmd paas 1!o +p3-0 uopms 1 - &A are sdom p p ~ o a q uo d o ~ r pd m q ~ m r e j h a m u a a ~z~ m - ~ q OpWE Supsara l~ ~ -OUOJ a~ O S a~re sdon 1001 pue Jaqm uo p u y q o npsa a x $0 Suoure 's~uamd~nbxan euodm. ~. -I lMuau rwa~& < arp Xq palroddm K ~ u wusa aq seq m a d s w o j a ~ -ssroddns puoprupsq . 'uopmpa3 V(TWTA pm lonum k p n b S qnpu! uopel@a~p aas . pue ~ N :sD1a~u a3 rpreasar puopenralq p m ' p m m p o p u K q rpoq paunpum s! a3p uo rp-1 a= SOTJUpVuIe~ p aasjo Sqayreur pue uopnpad . 'asealx pue '~uaardopap'u optan spla!m . :mowmy S1qmn03 arp seq m a d s aqL W~JS S y ~ o n oajrp r p ! ~' p a m ~ d q ~DXUIU OJa yl :spprX Xpom uaaq seq a ~ %u d onp ooj arp Suoq.apew uaaq -pampo~Ja re aneq (#lnorp pue s l ~ 01d a 3 m q m '&o>a~d) paas p e p 30 n~psz%aalu ! rppi saparm K u e ~ 1 000 I v -I 40m ~ g-onq sa~ruw3~ ~ o u oS arp 01 Srrlpsm mq '1 oooos S! p a?m p m mu so3 d r p sp~aau uuej pa~eurpsa~ u u peo l .*auef llems O* a I q v w a u q a rp are saparm pjqq ~ q 01p 30 lualum Ans a%am I@ JOJ paas k ~ njob sa ppuenb l u a p p o u are ue aAq a 4 n s jo saps- S u p p g +x Luqq puopmqe a n s mrej paes alms arp jo S O N %upmnap e u ~ x o B n ~. are <(Klddns a o w n p d ) saump>e s s n p q p % arp mag smrg @I-d arp 30 ~ q r p ?arp =mS .mads paes prmqjo ~ o e u u o pad v 303 spaau P m p o l Pa3 0 9656-06 1n09e d o n P O9 JO s@!wem S u p q d pue spear arp jo wed ro[em arp - urn6 Jaqqntl ELP OLP SW ELZ UI Poem UeJ6 ~ 8 l~deq qntl Poz 6SO z Z016S8 L 0% SLZ Z sluerd eueueg 102 EE6 PEP OLZ 1 000 OOE L slueldwun alddeau!d EVE 8ZL z LBO EZP 000 om slafzu - ZZL zffl SL Z08 161 n salqnoq uono3 000 ZLE El 000 98P Zl 000 601 ZL ueaq4og 000 90E 000 089 000 00s az@W O M LLL 088 OPL 161 fflZ %M 000 LLP 17.8 LO& 962 Po6 BY S p e e S 0002166 66/86 9 6 U 6 I!Un lepalw Bugueld 40 aJWeN -93 .leua)elu Bu!)ue{d pue paas 40 Alddns pue uo!)lnpoJd WASNET News 13 Import and export of seed planting materials. Specie Material Unit QuanUties 97/98 98/99 89i2000 Imporlalions Banana Viboplank U 1 200 000 160 304 - Veyhbles Seeds Kg 19 145 10 646 - Others Seeds 23 910 2 373 - 'Q. M 180 - Exporlatlons Rubber Graff wwd 4 604 Ccwnut Nut Kg 26 000 - 650 000 Others Seeds Kg 77 530 - 70 000 I - - Pineapple Plants K9 600 000 The weaknesses of this system are: The plant material to be multiplied and other inputs high production costs are provided by the seed enterprise required to pay big budget needed every year the farmeis harvest at right price, as decided by both decwsing of the government supports partners. decreasingperformances The seed grower is required to follow all the production withdrawal policy of the public services techniques recommended by the enterprise. seeds produced are not affordable even though they are subsidized. The contract based production is in use in the savanna zone for the seeds of cotton, rice, and maize. It pennits As a result, many of the seed farms are dosed and the low cost seed and planting material (50% lower abandoned (Dikodougou, Bouafle, Farakoba, Madinani, than seed produced by the intensive system). This way Serebou) and should be privatized Only two seed farms is advantageous and will have a wide use in the future. are still operational: Doumba (Odiemi) andSokourala But the seed growers need training and organization to , (Touba) supported by a regional rural development get more ben& It is the hinge between the formal and project of North-West (Project Soja). Those farms the informal svstems. operate under their economic capacity. The privare enterprises are not going to buy them The informal system because of their heavy operating costs, the low price of The informal or traditional seed system has only a small paddy, and high cost of seed produced. part ofproduction supposed to be controlled by the seed inspection. This small part indudes the foundation seed The formal system has two ways of production: given to the farmers to produce the next generations of Intensive production seeds; those generations are not inspected and c e d e d , Contract based production. to be affordable to the users. The intensive production The weaknesses of the informal system This way of production is usual in: Lack of seed renewal S t a t e df arms; Poor storage facilities Research stations and varietal collections; Lack of skills for most of producers Nursery farms of the private companies. New varieties are challenged by the traditional The intensive production supplies most of the planting ones materials of the cash crops (plants, vitroplants), but its Farmeis seed are much disseminated, hardly total contribution is very low (less than 10%). This known mode of production has to consider the seed pricing Most of the seeds are of poor quality mechanism with regard to the all farm pricing policy But seeds are cheap and easily disuibuted by the of the crops. farmers themselves. There is a need for this system to improve the farmer's The confmd based seed skills for production, storage. Farmers should be In thii way of production, seed growers, generally organized and trained. Those are the objectives of farmers, produce seed for an enterprise either public a regional piloted project built up to support the or private, according to a contract signed by the two implementation of the community based seed system parties. CBSS, covering five counnies of West Africa (Nigeria, ' WASNET News 13 Benin,Togo, Cate d'Ivoire, Guinea - Konakry). Formerly The followings are the seed marketing companies: conceived to support the sustainable dissemination of Semivoire,Aventis Crop Sciences, CaUivoire, SYNGENTA the new varieties of upland rice, so called "new rice for (ex-Novanis). Africa", the CBSS is becoming a standard model for the The national and world seed markets are not free Gom easy, llav-cost dissemination of any other variety. the r& linked to the import, use and uansfer between It will have a logistic and financial approval of countries of biotechnologies and their derivate products an international consortium. The companies and (GMO). Those rish should be minimized insti~tionisn volved in the seed production are: Seed legislation and quality control ANADER and CNRA for coffee plants Variety release, breeder right ~rotections, eed production, CNRA for cocoa seed and plants marketing, quality control and certification are regulated ANADER for cashew nuts and plants, for onion by "Ddcret n092 392 du ler juillet 1992" seeds OCAB for plants and vittophts of bananas That "D6crern is being implemented; the national pineapple rice varietal d o g h as been created by *ArretC CHC, SOGB, SAPH, HEVEGO, SAU), graft interministiriel n012 du 15 Mvrier 1999", in which wood, grafred plants of rubber 20 new varieties are registered; likewise, the Release CIDT, PNR Projet Soja, for production rice and Committee has been set up by YAdt&ntMninisteriel maize seeds n0l l du 15 Mvrier 1999". The members of this CIDT, CNRA for cotton seeds Committee are of di&ents ources: public sector, private Association Profesionnelle des hortintlteurs de sector, Chamber of Agriculture, hers'organisations Cate d'Ivoire (APHCI) for seeds and planting are nominated by the "Add n0044 du 21 a d 20 00" material of ornemental plants of the Minister of Agriculture. There is no professional organisation for vegetable The program of action of this consultative organization crop seed production. is elaborated and budgeted, but is not yet implemented, due to the lark of financial support necessary to build an Seed processing and storage independent trial station, organize trial visits, elaborate As the volume of seed produced is not enough, variety catalog. processing storage facilities are few. There are two The breeder rights are protected, under 'Xnnexe X de operational seed processing plants, located in the two I'Accord de Bangui revise"; discussions are ongoing to seed farms controlled by the Projet Soja: Sokourala and implement this law at the national level. Dournba Their respective capacities are 3 000 dday and 600 tiday. Other actions are undertaken to set up the professional agreements to the stakeholders to the seed Their storage capacities are: 18 000 t and 2 000 t. industry. The processing machines are made in Brazil in the The seed inspection and certification are limited to the 1970s. They are very obsolete, and face the serious lark seed dealers willing to operate according to the formal of spare parts. seed system. The seed certificarion and seed inspection There is a need to renew the seed industry equipment are not fiee; they are not dordable by individual and provide the new seedsmen and seed cooperatives h e r s . with an adequate, small capacity and aEordable LANADAis a government agency in charge of seed farm machinery for seed processing and storage. inspection and seed certification. Seed marketing The needs of the seed legislation, including seed certification Most seeds marketed are controlled by the informal are: sector. Improvement of farm food mop priw, StafFdevelopment; The village retailers and seed dealers are few. The formal Farmers' awareness; seed marketing is dominated by the foreign companies, Public information and communication importing and distributing vegetable seed, fertilizers, campaigns; and other agriculnual chemicals. Adequate equipment and budget allocation There is a lack of national for seed to the human resources in charge of marketing. implementation. WASNET News 13 Economics Conclusion Agricultural prices for all the crops are no longer Seed system development should be astrategic element of supported by the public subsidies. So, seed pricing any agricultural development policy. Both informal and also apart fiom the breeder s e e d and basic seeds formal systems are needed, and should be run side by side produced by the regional rural development projects, with more farmers involved in the varietal selection and is cost-eftkcbe. development, to the seed production and distribution Different elements should be regarded: channels. This approach is suitable to produce low-cost seeds, afFordable to the low income farmers, and is likely Operating cost to increase farm productivity. To succeed, this approach Manpower should consider a l l the components of the seed indusuy Management and the weaknesses should be corrected. Money cost and inflation Pad& Cb&Souicr&Srnunm #Plena. BP V82Abi&r Other weheads: taxation, insurance, erc EL. +22520210833; Fac + + 2 5 2 0 2 1 4 6 1 8 : ~ ~ p u L r i n ~ m g