Volunteer based approach to dog vaccination campaigns to eliminate human rabies: Lessons from Laikipia County, Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.contributor.affiliationSmithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Edinburgh
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationKaratina University
cg.contributor.affiliationMaasai Mara University
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Kenya
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Kenya
cg.contributor.affiliationWashington State University
cg.contributor.affiliationZoological Society of London
cg.contributor.affiliationCounty Government of Laikipia
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpool
cg.contributor.affiliationMpala Research Centre
cg.contributor.affiliationPrinceton University
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorNational Science Foundation, United States
cg.contributor.donorSmithsonian Institution
cg.contributor.donorNational Geographic Society
cg.contributor.donorRufford Foundation
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trust
cg.contributor.donorMedical Research Council, United Kingdom
cg.contributor.donorBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
cg.contributor.donorEconomic and Social Research Council, United Kingdom
cg.contributor.donorNatural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
cg.contributor.donorMpala Wildlife Foundation
cg.contributor.donorLaikipia Ranches and Conservation Community and Conservancies
cg.contributor.donorVeterinarians International
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierDishon Muloi: 0000-0002-6236-2280
cg.creator.identifierEric M. Fèvre: 0000-0001-8931-4986
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008260
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn1935-2735
cg.issue7
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
cg.numbere0008260
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.subject.ilriDISEASE CONTROL
cg.subject.ilriVACCINES
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASES
cg.volume14
dc.contributor.authorFerguson, A.W.
dc.contributor.authorMuloi, Dishon M.
dc.contributor.authorNgatia, D.K.
dc.contributor.authorKiongo, W.
dc.contributor.authorKimuyu, D.M.
dc.contributor.authorWebala, P.W.
dc.contributor.authorOlum, M.O.
dc.contributor.authorMuturi, M.
dc.contributor.authorThumbi, Samuel M.
dc.contributor.authorWoodroffe, R.
dc.contributor.authorMurugi, L.
dc.contributor.authorFèvre, Eric M.
dc.contributor.authorMurray, S.
dc.contributor.authorMartins, D.J.
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-05T06:51:29Zen
dc.date.available2020-07-05T06:51:29Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/108692
dc.titleVolunteer based approach to dog vaccination campaigns to eliminate human rabies: Lessons from Laikipia County, Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractBackground An estimated 59,000 people die from rabies annually, with 99% of those deaths attributable to bites from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). This preventable Neglected Tropical Disease has a large impact across continental Africa, especially for rural populations living in close contact with livestock and wildlife. Mass vaccinations of domestic dogs are effective at eliminating rabies but require large amounts of resources, planning, and political will to implement. Grassroots campaigns provide an alternative method to successful implementation of rabies control but remain understudied in their effectiveness to eliminate the disease from larger regions. Methodology/Principal Findings We report on the development, implementation, and effectiveness of a grassroots mass dog rabies vaccination campaign in Kenya, the Laikipia Rabies Vaccination Campaign. During 2015–2017, a total of 13,155 domestic dogs were vaccinated against rabies in 17 communities covering approximately 1500 km2. Based on an estimated population size of 34,275 domestic dogs, percent coverages increased across years, from 2% in 2015 to 24% in 2017, with only 3 of 38 community-years of vaccination exceeding the 70% target. The average cost of vaccinating an animal was $3.44 USD with in-kind contributions and $7.44 USD without in-kind contributions. Conclusions/Significance The evolution of the Laikipia Rabies Vaccination Campaign from a localized volunteer-effort to a large-scale program attempting to eliminate rabies at the landscape scale provides a unique opportunity to examine successes, failures, and challenges facing grassroots campaigns. Success, in the form of vaccinating more dogs across the study area, was relatively straightforward to achieve. However, lack of effective post-vaccination monitoring and education programs, limited funding, and working in diverse community types appeared to hinder achievement of 70% coverage levels. These results indicate that grassroots campaigns will inevitably be faced with a philosophical question regarding the value of local impacts versus their contributions to a larger effort to eliminate rabies at the regional, country, or global scale.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientists
dcterms.available2020-07-02
dcterms.bibliographicCitationFerguson, A.W., Muloi, D., Ngatia, D.K., Kiongo, W., Kimuyu, D.M., Webala, P.W., Olum, M.O., Muturi, M., Thumbi, S.M., Woodroffe, R., Murugi, L., Fèvre, E.M., Murray, S. and Martins, D.J. 2020. Volunteer based approach to dog vaccination campaigns to eliminate human rabies: Lessons from Laikipia County, Kenya. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14(7): e0008260.en
dcterms.issued2020-07-02
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC0-1.0
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Science
dcterms.subjectvaccinesen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.subjectdisease controlen
dcterms.subjectrabiesen
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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