Understanding the veterinary antibiotic flow in Malawi: Complexities, gaps and needs

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Copenhagen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpool
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Fund
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Health
cg.coverage.countryMalawi
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2MW
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Africa
cg.creator.identifierAmos Lucky Mhone: 0000-0003-1795-7098
cg.creator.identifierDishon Muloi: 0000-0002-6236-2280
cg.creator.identifierArshnee Moodley: 0000-0002-6469-3948
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1474307
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn2297-1769
cg.journalFrontiers in Veterinary Science
cg.number1474307
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.ilriAMR
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL HEALTH
cg.subject.ilriHUMAN HEALTH
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.impactPlatformNutrition, Health and Food Security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-being
cg.volume11
dc.contributor.authorMhone, Amos L.
dc.contributor.authorMuloi, Dishon M.
dc.contributor.authorMoodley, Arshnee
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-21T11:48:04Zen
dc.date.available2024-11-21T11:48:04Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/162498
dc.titleUnderstanding the veterinary antibiotic flow in Malawi: Complexities, gaps and needsen
dcterms.abstractIntroduction: Veterinary antibiotics are essential for maintaining animal health and welfare, however, small-scale farmers in Malawi face challenges in accessing them due to limited availability, affordability, and long distances to rural drug retailers. Methods: This study mapped the veterinary antibiotic distribution chain, examined the governance structure of the chain, and analyzed access and usage practices among stakeholders in Malawi. Data were collected through focus group discussions (n = 15), key informant interviews (n = 6) and individual interviews (n = 189). Results: The key stakeholders identified included regulators, local pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers, veterinary clinics, veterinary retail shops, animal health practitioners, and farmers. The distribution of veterinary antibiotics was characterized by both formal and informal pathways for importing and distributing veterinary medicines. Additionally, there were issues with antibiotic mishandling such as improper storage on open shelves in direct sunlight and disposal in pit latrines. There was a marked lack of proper antibiotic dispensation training among veterinary medicine shop attendants, and in terms of regulation, there were gaps in coordination and overlapping mandates among regulatory authorities hindering effective regulation. Discussion: Regulatory agencies need to strengthen oversight of veterinary antibiotics, conduct trainings on antibiotic stewardship with various stakeholders, and enhance public-private partnerships to better manage the informal pathways for importing and distributing veterinary medicines. This multi-sectoral approach aims to ensure responsible use and improve the pharmacovigilance of veterinary antibiotics.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademics
dcterms.audienceScientists
dcterms.available2024-11-20
dcterms.bibliographicCitationMhone, A.L., Muloi, D.M. and Moodley, A. 2024. Understanding the veterinary antibiotic flow in Malawi: complexities, gaps and needs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11: 1474307.en
dcterms.issued2024-11-20
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Media
dcterms.subjectanimal healthen
dcterms.subjectantimicrobial resistanceen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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