Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Rift Valley fever outbreak in livestock in Burundi, May - November 2022

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.contributor.affiliationNational Veterinary Laboratory, Burundi
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Burundi
cg.contributor.affiliationInstitut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi
cg.contributor.affiliationCentre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Institute
cg.coverage.countryBurundi
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2BI
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierJohn Juma: 0000-0002-1481-5337
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0014155
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn1935-2735
cg.issue4
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGY
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCK
cg.subject.ilriRVF
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASES
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 2 - Zero hunger
cg.volume20
dc.contributor.authorNkundwanayo, C.
dc.contributor.authorNiyokwizera, P.
dc.contributor.authorNtunzwenimana, M.
dc.contributor.authorNtirandekura, J.B.
dc.contributor.authorNtawuyankira, N.
dc.contributor.authorTran, A.
dc.contributor.authorCêtre-Sossah, C.
dc.contributor.authorNyabongo, Lionel
dc.contributor.authorJuma, John
dc.contributor.authorKorir, Max
dc.contributor.authorMwangi, Reuben
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-14T06:05:49Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/182460
dc.titleEpidemiological and molecular characterization of Rift Valley fever outbreak in livestock in Burundi, May - November 2022en
dcterms.abstractAn outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was officially reported for the first time in Burundi on 10th May 2022. The outbreak originated in the northern provinces and progressively spread to other regions of the country. This study presents (i) epidemiological investigations that were carried out through a countrywide emergency response and (ii) the characterization of the genotype of the RVF virus that caused the outbreak through phylogenetic analyses. Field teams visited each affected farm, collected data on observed syndromes, species and number of animals affected, farm’s locations, and herd size. Blood, serum and tissue samples were collected from selected clinical cases. Epidemiological data were analyzed using R (version 4.4.2) to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of cases. Mixed effects Poisson regression models were fitted to the data to identify risk factors. A total of 1,739 clinical cases were recorded. Of 100 samples collected and screened using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), 36 tested positives. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the outbreak was caused by an RVFV strain of lineage C, sub-clade C.2.2 of the dominant lineage that was circulating in East Africa, with a close relationship to RVFV that was isolated in Rwanda in 2022. Epidemiological analyses revealed the northeastern region as the epicenter of the outbreak. Multivariable analyses showed that increased RVF cases were significantly associated with high and persistent rainfall and an upsurge in the minimum temperatures that occurred 3–4 months earlier. The analyses conducted provided insights on the risk of RVF in the country. The results would help the development of risk maps and other decision support tools that would be used to manage future risks of the disease.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademics
dcterms.audienceScientists
dcterms.available2026-04-10
dcterms.bibliographicCitationNkundwanayo, C., Niyokwizera, P., Ntunzwenimana, M., Ntirandekura, J.B., Ntawuyankira, N., Tran, A., Cêtre-Sossah, C., Nyabongo, L., Juma, J., Korir, M., Mwangi, R. and Bett, B. 2026. Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Rift Valley fever outbreak in livestock in Burundi, May - November 2022. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 20 (4): e0014155.
dcterms.extente0014155
dcterms.issued2026-04-10
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Science
dcterms.subjectepidemiology
dcterms.subjectlivestock
dcterms.subjectrift valley fever
dcterms.subjectzoonoses
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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